Industrial Waste Recycling Policy:Bangladesh

Overview of

Industrial Waste Recycling Policy:Bangladesh

Marzia Hoque Tania

Introduction

Bangladesh economy has been rapidlygrowing with around 6% annually for the lastdecade.

Bangladesh economy has been rapidlygrowing with around 6% annually for the lastdecade.

Year

Manufacturing sectors’ establishment in Bangladesh

Current Situation of Wastes in Bangladesh

Current Situation of Wastes in Bangladesh

Selected sectors for field investigation and inventorysurvey

Sl. Sectors YearWaste Water Sludge Solid

2007 2012 2007 2012 2007 2012

1 TEXTILE SECTORAnnual Growth: 90%Sludge Generation:-17.14 M3/1000 meter-1.14 Kg./ M3 of waste watergenerated

99.75 milM3/yr

2470.4milM3/yr

113720MT/yr

36.39MilMT/yr

- -

2 HOSPITAL & CLINICSAnnual Growth: 8.18%Waste Generation:2.29 kg/patient/day

- - - - 12045MT/yr

*16972MT/yr

*for 2013

Summery of Surveyed Sectors

HOSPITAL & CLINICSAnnual Growth: 8.18%Waste Generation:2.29 kg/patient/day

*16972MT/yr

*for 2013

3 TANNERYAnnual Growth: 5%Waste Water Generation:4 liter/ Sq.ft of hide processedSolid Waste Generation:350 kg/ton of hide processed

1.3 milM3/yr

1.66 milM3/yr

- - 22,500MT/yr

34212MT/yr

4 PESTICIDESAnnual Growth: 5.2%Waste Water Generation:0.85 M3/MT of Finished productSold Waste Generation:30 MT of Finished product

10.920M3/yr

17261M3/yr

- - 53.58MT/yr

68MT/yr

Sl. Sectors Year

Waste Water Sludge Solid

2007 2012 2007 2012 2007 2012

5 FERTILIZERAnnual Growth: 4%Waste Generation: Total 1246 MTof solid waste (spent catalyst)existing today. Every 5-12 years onaverage it needs to be disposed.Waste Water: 2.66 M3/MT (averagerate of waste water (effluent)generation from the surveyedfertilizer (Urea only) manufacturingindustries)

7.8 milM3/yr

- - - 277MT/yr

334MT/yr

Summery of Surveyed Sectors

FERTILIZERAnnual Growth: 4%Waste Generation: Total 1246 MTof solid waste (spent catalyst)existing today. Every 5-12 years onaverage it needs to be disposed.Waste Water: 2.66 M3/MT (averagerate of waste water (effluent)generation from the surveyedfertilizer (Urea only) manufacturingindustries)

6 OIL REFINERYMaximum production capacity:1.38 million MT/year

0.61 milM3/yr

Nochangeexpected

4000liters/yr.

Nochangeexpected

- -

Summary of Hazardous Waste in Bangladesh 2008

Policy:

Draft National Urban Policy, 2008CDM and Recycling has been emphasized in this policy.

National Renewable Energy Policy, 2008This policy is promoting production of biogas and other greenenergy from waste and also providing incentives for CDM topromote green energy projects.

National Agriculture Policy, 1999According to this policy the government will promote use ofcompost/organic fertilizer amongst the farmers to improve the soilproductivity and food security.

National Industrial Policy, 2005This policy is recommended use of EMS and Cleaner Productionpractices by the industries.

Draft National Urban Policy, 2008CDM and Recycling has been emphasized in this policy.

National Renewable Energy Policy, 2008This policy is promoting production of biogas and other greenenergy from waste and also providing incentives for CDM topromote green energy projects.

National Agriculture Policy, 1999According to this policy the government will promote use ofcompost/organic fertilizer amongst the farmers to improve the soilproductivity and food security.

National Industrial Policy, 2005This policy is recommended use of EMS and Cleaner Productionpractices by the industries.

Policy:

National Policy for Water Supply and Sanitation, 1998According to this policy, the government shall take measures for

recycling of waste as much as possible and use organic wastematerials for compost and biogas production.

Urban Management Policy Statement, 1998Recommend the municipalities for privatization of services as

well as giving priority to facilities for slum dwellers includingprovisions of water supply, sanitation and solid waste disposal.

Draft Hazardous Waste Management Policy Of Bangladesh,1999

National Policy for Water Supply and Sanitation, 1998According to this policy, the government shall take measures for

recycling of waste as much as possible and use organic wastematerials for compost and biogas production.

Urban Management Policy Statement, 1998Recommend the municipalities for privatization of services as

well as giving priority to facilities for slum dwellers includingprovisions of water supply, sanitation and solid waste disposal.

Draft Hazardous Waste Management Policy Of Bangladesh,1999

Act:Fertilizer Act, 2006Under this act compost has been promoted and standard of compost has been set by the governmenton 2008.

Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act (ECA), 1995Recommends standards for disposal of different types of waste.

Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2008This rule recommends source separation of hospital waste as well as separate collection,transportation and treatment and disposal of all kinds of hospital and clinical waste.

Lead Acid Battery Recycling and Management Rules, 2006Under this rules collection and recycling has been improved.

Draft National Solid Waste Management Handling Rule, 20113R principle has been used

Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR), 1997Recommends waste disposal standards for mainly industrial wastes.

Fertilizer Act, 2006Under this act compost has been promoted and standard of compost has been set by the governmenton 2008.

Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act (ECA), 1995Recommends standards for disposal of different types of waste.

Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2008This rule recommends source separation of hospital waste as well as separate collection,transportation and treatment and disposal of all kinds of hospital and clinical waste.

Lead Acid Battery Recycling and Management Rules, 2006Under this rules collection and recycling has been improved.

Draft National Solid Waste Management Handling Rule, 20113R principle has been used

Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR), 1997Recommends waste disposal standards for mainly industrial wastes.

Strategy:

National CDM Strategy, 2010This strategy is promoting pro-poor CDM projects on waste sector by harnessingcarbon financing.

Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), 2005Here EMS has been promoted. To improve the solid waste management situation,special focus is given to segregation of waste at source along with the promotion ofrecycle, reduce and reuse of industrial and other solid waste etc.

National Sanitation Strategy, 2005Its goal is to achieve 100% sanitation coverage by 2010. Here emphasis on resourcerecovery and recycling has been given as top priority to improve urban sanitationsituation instead of disposal.

National CDM Strategy, 2010This strategy is promoting pro-poor CDM projects on waste sector by harnessingcarbon financing.

Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), 2005Here EMS has been promoted. To improve the solid waste management situation,special focus is given to segregation of waste at source along with the promotion ofrecycle, reduce and reuse of industrial and other solid waste etc.

National Sanitation Strategy, 2005Its goal is to achieve 100% sanitation coverage by 2010. Here emphasis on resourcerecovery and recycling has been given as top priority to improve urban sanitationsituation instead of disposal.

Action Plan:Dhaka Environment Management Plan, 2005Waste recycling has been promoted, less land filling encouraged, EMS promoted amongindustries.

Solid Waste Management Action Plan for Eight Secondary Towns in Bangladesh,2005Under the Secondary Towns Integrated Flood Protection (Phase-2) Project of LocalGovernment Engineering Department, GoB. This action plan is based on 4 R principlei.e. reduce, reuse, recycle and recover of the waste.

National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP), 1995This is a plan of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB), prepared by the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forest (MoEF) in consultation with people from all walks of life. 3Ris being promoted under the Sustainable Environment Management Programme (SEMP)of NEMAP.

Dhaka Environment Management Plan, 2005Waste recycling has been promoted, less land filling encouraged, EMS promoted amongindustries.

Solid Waste Management Action Plan for Eight Secondary Towns in Bangladesh,2005Under the Secondary Towns Integrated Flood Protection (Phase-2) Project of LocalGovernment Engineering Department, GoB. This action plan is based on 4 R principlei.e. reduce, reuse, recycle and recover of the waste.

National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP), 1995This is a plan of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB), prepared by the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forest (MoEF) in consultation with people from all walks of life. 3Ris being promoted under the Sustainable Environment Management Programme (SEMP)of NEMAP.

Others:

Circular to Promote Compost by the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), 2008, on 23April 2008Ministry of agriculture issued a circular to promote use of compost amongtthe farmers.

Private Sector Infrastructure Guideline, 2004This guideline of the GOB has recommended private sector investment in wastemanagement sector which includes all types of waste. It has also identified waste sectoras one of the priority sector for private investment.

Private Sector Housing Development Guideline, 2005This guideline recommends to space in new housing areas

Circular to Promote Compost by the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), 2008, on 23April 2008Ministry of agriculture issued a circular to promote use of compost amongtthe farmers.

Private Sector Infrastructure Guideline, 2004This guideline of the GOB has recommended private sector investment in wastemanagement sector which includes all types of waste. It has also identified waste sectoras one of the priority sector for private investment.

Private Sector Housing Development Guideline, 2005This guideline recommends to space in new housing areas

Key Issues

Inadequate National Policy• Absence of Strategy

Lack of Institutional CapacityLack of Institutional Capacity• Lack of Public Cooperation

Financing and Cost Recovery

Industrial Waste Recycling WorldwideCommission on Sustainable Development (CSD) – 2010

The key messages and recommendations that emerged fromthe CSD-18 include:

• A zero waste economy, recognizing waste as a resource andwaste prevention and minimization should be considered asvaluable concepts to guide action on waste

• Waste management needs to be addressed through integratedapproaches

The key messages and recommendations that emerged fromthe CSD-18 include:

• A zero waste economy, recognizing waste as a resource andwaste prevention and minimization should be considered asvaluable concepts to guide action on waste

• Waste management needs to be addressed through integratedapproaches

Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) – 2010

• Reducing waste production, recycling waste and reusingmaterials should form the basis for sustainable wastemanagement, and further, implementation of extendedproducer responsibility (EPR) should be considered;

• Emerging new waste streams such as electronic waste,plastics in the marine environment, oil and lubricants requirespecial international and national action aiming at a high rateof recovery worldwide, and these streams need to beaddressed through appropriate programs andenvironmentally sound technologies to promote material andenergy recovery;

• Reducing waste production, recycling waste and reusingmaterials should form the basis for sustainable wastemanagement, and further, implementation of extendedproducer responsibility (EPR) should be considered;

• Emerging new waste streams such as electronic waste,plastics in the marine environment, oil and lubricants requirespecial international and national action aiming at a high rateof recovery worldwide, and these streams need to beaddressed through appropriate programs andenvironmentally sound technologies to promote material andenergy recovery;

NATIONAL 3R STRATEGY FORWASTE MANAGEMENT

Department of EnvironmentMinistry of Environment and ForestsDecember, 2010

NATIONAL 3R STRATEGY FORWASTE MANAGEMENT

National 3R Strategy for Waste Management

Resource

Waste

National 3R Goal

The national 3R goal for waste management isachieve complete elimination of wastedisposal on open dumps, flood plains by 2012and promote recycling of waste throughmandatory segregation of waste at source aswell as create a market for recycled productsand provide incentives for recycling waste.

The national 3R goal for waste management isachieve complete elimination of wastedisposal on open dumps, flood plains by 2012and promote recycling of waste throughmandatory segregation of waste at source aswell as create a market for recycled productsand provide incentives for recycling waste.

Waste Separation

In general waste can be separated at threelevels:

a) Household and community levelb) In the process of collection and

transportation by municipal workersc) At the waste disposal site by workers and

waste pickers from informal sector.

In general waste can be separated at threelevels:

a) Household and community levelb) In the process of collection and

transportation by municipal workersc) At the waste disposal site by workers and

waste pickers from informal sector.

Waste Separation Absence of recycling industries or buyers for the segregated wastes, the

sorted wastes end up discarded and mixed with unsorted wastes in openspaces or at disposal sites.

At least 80-90% of the total waste can be recycled, whichnow goes to dump sites or landfills in the absence of thepractice of segregation of waste at source.

The quality and efficiency of the recycling plants highly depend on thequality of the segregated wastes. Especially the composting of organicwastes purely depends on quality of waste separation.

Absence of recycling industries or buyers for the segregated wastes, thesorted wastes end up discarded and mixed with unsorted wastes in openspaces or at disposal sites.

At least 80-90% of the total waste can be recycled, whichnow goes to dump sites or landfills in the absence of thepractice of segregation of waste at source.

The quality and efficiency of the recycling plants highly depend on thequality of the segregated wastes. Especially the composting of organicwastes purely depends on quality of waste separation.

Waste Hierarchy

Sectors considered in 3R

AgriculturalWaste

IndustrialWaste

(hazardous &E-waste) Institutional

&Commercial

Waste

3RMunicipalSolid Waste

AgriculturalWaste

Institutional&

CommercialWaste

BiomedicalWaste

Guiding Principle• Selection of Appropriate and Affordable Technology• Technology should be Emission Reducing• Cleaner Production• Product-Life Extension• Industrial Symbiosis and By-product Exchange• Polluters Pay Principle and Take-Back Provisions• Green Purchasing• Environmental Management System (EMS)• Public- Private Partnership• Collaboration with Scientific Research Bodies• Gender Sensitive Approach

• Selection of Appropriate and Affordable Technology• Technology should be Emission Reducing• Cleaner Production• Product-Life Extension• Industrial Symbiosis and By-product Exchange• Polluters Pay Principle and Take-Back Provisions• Green Purchasing• Environmental Management System (EMS)• Public- Private Partnership• Collaboration with Scientific Research Bodies• Gender Sensitive Approach

Hazardous Waste from Manufacturing Industry:Inventory of hazardous waste generation

Report changes/additions in hazardous waste generation Steps taken to reduce generation of waste per unit of

production. Store hazardous waste for a period not exceeding 90 days

and shall maintain a record including recycling andreprocessing of such wastes.

Waste could either be recycled /reused or disposed of incaptive or common Treatment, Storage and DisposedFacilities (TSDF) available in the country, or be incinerated.Inventories of ‘end of life’ consumer products such as e-waste are also required to be made.

Report changes/additions in hazardous waste generation Steps taken to reduce generation of waste per unit of

production. Store hazardous waste for a period not exceeding 90 days

and shall maintain a record including recycling andreprocessing of such wastes.

Waste could either be recycled /reused or disposed of incaptive or common Treatment, Storage and DisposedFacilities (TSDF) available in the country, or be incinerated.Inventories of ‘end of life’ consumer products such as e-waste are also required to be made.

Hazardous Waste from Manufacturing Industry:Reuse, recovery and recycling of hazardous waste

•Industrial associations/industries should explore options/opportunities of reusing, recovery and recycling of hazardouswaste in an environmentally sound manner.• Establishment of ‘Waste Exchange Banks/ Centers’ shouldbe encouraged to provide information on wastes andpromote reuse, recovery and recycling technologies whichupscale the quality of resource recovery.•Introduce payback scheme as part of extended corporateresponsibility in case of lead-acid batteries.•Develop a system for channeling of wastes containing toxicmetals for recovery, such as mercury from thermometers andfluorescent tube lights, cadmium from batteries etc.

•Industrial associations/industries should explore options/opportunities of reusing, recovery and recycling of hazardouswaste in an environmentally sound manner.• Establishment of ‘Waste Exchange Banks/ Centers’ shouldbe encouraged to provide information on wastes andpromote reuse, recovery and recycling technologies whichupscale the quality of resource recovery.•Introduce payback scheme as part of extended corporateresponsibility in case of lead-acid batteries.•Develop a system for channeling of wastes containing toxicmetals for recovery, such as mercury from thermometers andfluorescent tube lights, cadmium from batteries etc.

Hazardous Waste from Manufacturing Industry:E-Waste

• The recycling of e-waste is required to beregulated due to presence of hazardousconstituents in the components of wasteelectrical and electronic assemblies.

• Governments should encourage e-wasterecycling projects under public-privatepartnership mode.

• The recycling of e-waste is required to beregulated due to presence of hazardousconstituents in the components of wasteelectrical and electronic assemblies.

• Governments should encourage e-wasterecycling projects under public-privatepartnership mode.

Hazardous Waste from Manufacturing Industry:Transportation of hazardous waste

• DoE will develop on-line tracking system formovement of hazardous waste fromgeneration to the disposal/ recovery/ recyclestage.

• Industries have to pay for collection andtransportation of waste for treatment anddisposal out side the industries own premises.

• DoE will develop on-line tracking system formovement of hazardous waste fromgeneration to the disposal/ recovery/ recyclestage.

• Industries have to pay for collection andtransportation of waste for treatment anddisposal out side the industries own premises.

Hazardous Waste from Manufacturing Industry

• Waste avoidance and waste minimization at source• Encourage cleaner production and eco-design practice• Encourage the use of Environmental Product Labeling• Encourage the implementation of Environmental

Management Systems (EMS)• Safe disposal of hazardous waste• Setting up of Common Treatment, Storage and Disposal

Facilities (TSDFs)• Use of cement kilns for hazardous waste incineration• Illegal dump sites and remediation• Strengthening the infrastructure of regulatory bodies• Disposal of date expired drugs & pesticides• Handling and management of hazardous waste during ship

dismantling

• Waste avoidance and waste minimization at source• Encourage cleaner production and eco-design practice• Encourage the use of Environmental Product Labeling• Encourage the implementation of Environmental

Management Systems (EMS)• Safe disposal of hazardous waste• Setting up of Common Treatment, Storage and Disposal

Facilities (TSDFs)• Use of cement kilns for hazardous waste incineration• Illegal dump sites and remediation• Strengthening the infrastructure of regulatory bodies• Disposal of date expired drugs & pesticides• Handling and management of hazardous waste during ship

dismantling

Industrial Waste RecyclingWorldwide

China Thailand Singapore

Case Study

China

Japan

Thailand

Europe

Singapore

Industrial Waste Recycling Worldwide

- 661 cities produce 155 milliontons of waste per year (2005figures).

- 52% of this waste is treated viastorage, incineration orcomposting.- 48% remains untreated.- 30% of waste is picked up by theindividual recyclers (garbagediggers)

Case Study: China

- 661 cities produce 155 milliontons of waste per year (2005figures).

- 52% of this waste is treated viastorage, incineration orcomposting.- 48% remains untreated.- 30% of waste is picked up by theindividual recyclers (garbagediggers)

Industrial Waste Recycling WorldwideCase Study: China

4-in-1 Recycling System for Regulated General WasteItems

Contributors by sectorto China’s GHG mission

(2002)GHS Emissions by SourceTypes in China (2005)

Industrial Waste Recycling Worldwide

Industrial Waste

Non HazardousNon HazardousWasteWaste

5 million5 milliontons/yeartons/year

Case Study: Thailand

39

Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste1.7 million1.7 milliontons/ yeartons/ year

Non HazardousNon HazardousWasteWaste

5 million5 milliontons/yeartons/year

Industrial Waste Recycling WorldwideCase Study: Thailand

• Thai law contains 3 Acts on managing andrecycling waste generated from industries orindustrial waste, namely the National EnvironmentalQuality Act B.E.2535, the Factory Act B.E.2535, andthe Hazardous Substance Act B.E.2535.

• Each Act identifies the scope and guidelines orprocedures for managing and recycling industrialwaste.

• Thai law contains 3 Acts on managing andrecycling waste generated from industries orindustrial waste, namely the National EnvironmentalQuality Act B.E.2535, the Factory Act B.E.2535, andthe Hazardous Substance Act B.E.2535.

• Each Act identifies the scope and guidelines orprocedures for managing and recycling industrialwaste.

Legal Structure for Resource Recycling Promotion

Basic rules,Liability of central & local governments, business enterprises, residentsPolicy of the national governmentMaster Plan for Establishing Resource Recycling Society : Fundamental plan for other plans

Basic Law for Establishing Resource Recycling Society (Framework law)• Establishing sustainable material

cycle in human society• Saving natural resources• Reduction of environmental impact

Solid waste act Law for promotion of efficient resource utilization

Environmental Master PlanNatural environment

MobilizationMaterial circulation in society

Basic Environmental Law

Establishing general framework

Promotion of recycleAppropriate disposal of waste

Full enforcement: Aug. 1996

Full enforcement: January 2001

Full enforcement: April 2001 Full enforcement: April 2001

41

Solid waste act1)Waste reduction2)Appropriate disposal (including recycle)3)Regulation for waste treatment facility4)Regulation for waste disposal companies5)Regulation standard of waste disposal

Expansion & Reinforcement 1)Recycling waste as resources2)Materials & structure of considering recycle3)Marks for segregation and recovery4) Promotion of efficient utilization of by-products

Countermeasure for inappropriatewaste disposalEstablishment of waste disposal

facility by public sectors

1R 3R

Green Purchasing Law (Promotion of procurement ofrecycled products by governmental initiative)

Regulation according to specific materials

Containers andPackaging Recycling Law

Collection of containers andpackaging by municipalities

Recycling by manufactures ofcontainers and packages

Partly enforcement: April 1997Full enforcement: April 2000

Home ApplianceRecycling Law

Waste electric appliances athouseholds are collected by retailers

Recycling by manufactures

Full enforcement: April, 2001

Construction wasteRecycling Law

Demolition work order recipients shall

Segregate demolished objects etc

Recycle demolished constructionwaste

Full enforcement: May, 2002

Food wasteRecycling Law

Manufactures, food processingand retailers in food industryshall recycle food waste

Full enforcement: April, 2001

Source: Compiled by Kitakyushu Environment Bureau with Shigen Junkangata shakai hakusho (Resource Recycling Society White Book 2004)

AutomobilesRecycling Law

Manufactures, importers, take-overcompanies shall take over waste cars,recover CFCs, and dismantle andcrushing carsManufactures shall recycle airbag and

shredder dusts and decompose CFCs

Partly enforcement: January 2003

Full enforcement: January 2005

Expansion & Reinforcement

Full enforcement: April 2001

Industrial Waste Recycling Worldwide

Ministry of InternationalTrade and Industry(MITI), now, Ministry ofEconomy, Trade andIndustry (METI) initiatedsome policies in thefield of promotingrecycling in early 1970s.

Waste Intensity of IndustrialProduction :

Case Study: Japan

Ministry of InternationalTrade and Industry(MITI), now, Ministry ofEconomy, Trade andIndustry (METI) initiatedsome policies in thefield of promotingrecycling in early 1970s.

Selected Industrial Association for Recycling in Japan

Name of Association Year ofEst.

Examples of Activities

Plastic Waste ManagementInstitute

1971 R & D on plastic recycling, study on recycling in foreign countries,data collection for LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)

Steel Can RecyclingAssociation

1973 Promoting recycling of steel can, data collection for LCA,campaign against scattering garbage

Aluminum Can RecyclingAssociation

1973 Pilot collection program in 1974, creating recycling mark ofaluminum can, data collection on recycling of aluminum can

PaperRecyclingPromotionCenter

1974 Guarantees for member company, activities to improve quality ofused paper, data collection

PaperRecyclingPromotionCenter

Guarantees for member company, activities to improve quality ofused paper, data collection

Associationof Electronic HomeAppliances (original name: Center forPromotion of Recycling Homeappliances)

1974 Technological development of recycling home appliances,designated organization for Home Appliance Recycling Law since2000.

Iron and Steel Recycling Institute(original name: Japan Iron and SteelScrap Industry Association)

1975 Industry data collection and management, negotiation on behalfof industry, improving business practices in the industry

Clean Japan Center 1975 Supporting industrial information exchange program in 1980s,study on recycling technology, information dissemination on 3R

Nippon Slag Association 1978 Research on quality and technologies for iron and steel slagproduct, investigate and collect information on production,supply and demand of iron and steel slag products

Categories and Obligation in Law for the Promotion of Utilizationof Recyclable Resources

Categories and Obligation in Law for the Promotion of Utilizationof Recyclable Resources

Role Model: Integration of recycling policy into industrial policy

1980s: Industrial Structure Council made the first Guideline forWaste Treatment and Recycling.2006: 9th Guideline published.

The nine guideline targets 35 items and 18 industries,which covers 70% of municipal solid waste and 40% ofindustrial waste.

Although the punishment for non-compliance companies is notstrong, the law defines responsibilities of implementing 3Rson manufacturers.

1980s: Industrial Structure Council made the first Guideline forWaste Treatment and Recycling.2006: 9th Guideline published.

The nine guideline targets 35 items and 18 industries,which covers 70% of municipal solid waste and 40% ofindustrial waste.

Although the punishment for non-compliance companies is notstrong, the law defines responsibilities of implementing 3Rson manufacturers.

Industrial Waste Recycling Worldwide

• Encouraging the setting up of recycling schemes for domesticand trade waste, and conduct extensive public educationprogrammes to promote recycling.

• Promoting the re-use and recycling of particular categories ofwaste (e.g. scrap tyres, wood waste) where economicallyfeasible.

• Encouraging the setting up of recycling plants for wood wasteand plastic waste. Considering tax incentives and financialassistance schemes for the setting up of plants.

• Encouraging industries to adopt waste minimisation audit aspart of good operating practice.

• Promoting waste minimisation in office buildings andindustries.

Case Study: Singapore

• Encouraging the setting up of recycling schemes for domesticand trade waste, and conduct extensive public educationprogrammes to promote recycling.

• Promoting the re-use and recycling of particular categories ofwaste (e.g. scrap tyres, wood waste) where economicallyfeasible.

• Encouraging the setting up of recycling plants for wood wasteand plastic waste. Considering tax incentives and financialassistance schemes for the setting up of plants.

• Encouraging industries to adopt waste minimisation audit aspart of good operating practice.

• Promoting waste minimisation in office buildings andindustries.

Industrial Waste Recycling Worldwide

Waste (management) Policy in EU countries: defined atEuropean level

However: scarcely any environmental policy field wherenational differences could be greater, than in thewaste sector. Due tostrong cultural differences on how to deal with

wastewaste issues are strongly associated with

consumption behaviours and life-styles.

Case Study: Europe

Waste (management) Policy in EU countries: defined atEuropean level

However: scarcely any environmental policy field wherenational differences could be greater, than in thewaste sector. Due tostrong cultural differences on how to deal with

wastewaste issues are strongly associated with

consumption behaviours and life-styles.

Industrial Waste Recycling WorldwideCase Study: Europe

oWaste Framework Directive (WFD):

prevention

preparing for re-usepreparing for re-use

recycling

other recovery (for example, energyrecovery)

disposal

Industrial Waste Recycling WorldwideCase Study: Europe

o Environmental Action Programme (EAP):• Waste prevention and recycling:

Communication 2005• Sustainable use of natural resources:

Communication 2005

o EU strategy for sustainable development adopted in2001, revised in 2006

o Environmental Action Programme (EAP):• Waste prevention and recycling:

Communication 2005• Sustainable use of natural resources:

Communication 2005

o EU strategy for sustainable development adopted in2001, revised in 2006

Case Study: Europe

SWITZERLANDSwiss do not recycle justbecause they care about theenvironment. There is astrong financial incentive.Recycling is free, but inmost parts of Switzerlandthrowing away rubbishcosts money - each rubbishbag has to have a sticker onit, and each sticker costs atleast one euro

ENGLAND• Waste and Resources ActionProgramme stated that GreatBritain's recycling effortsreduce CO2 emissions by 10–15 million tonnes a year.

• A total of 47.9 million tonnesof commercial and Industrialwaste were generated inEngland in 2009 < 67.9 milliontonnes in 2002-3.

Swiss do not recycle justbecause they care about theenvironment. There is astrong financial incentive.Recycling is free, but inmost parts of Switzerlandthrowing away rubbishcosts money - each rubbishbag has to have a sticker onit, and each sticker costs atleast one euro

• Waste and Resources ActionProgramme stated that GreatBritain's recycling effortsreduce CO2 emissions by 10–15 million tonnes a year.

• A total of 47.9 million tonnesof commercial and Industrialwaste were generated inEngland in 2009 < 67.9 milliontonnes in 2002-3.

Industrial Waste Recycling WorldwideCase Study: England

Barriers for Bangladesh• Lack of fiscal as well as financial incentives to private sector to

bring and utilize 3R related projects;• No suitable pricing policy of green products exists;• Workers from informal sector needs to improve their working

and living conditions;• Need for media to promote 3R and for awareness campaign;• Need for public, private and community partnership for

bringing investment in 3R projects;• Need for mobilizing international supports for technology

transfer and financial assistance is improving wastemanagement infrastructure;

• Lack of awareness and understanding of 3Rs issues.

• Lack of fiscal as well as financial incentives to private sector tobring and utilize 3R related projects;

• No suitable pricing policy of green products exists;• Workers from informal sector needs to improve their working

and living conditions;• Need for media to promote 3R and for awareness campaign;• Need for public, private and community partnership for

bringing investment in 3R projects;• Need for mobilizing international supports for technology

transfer and financial assistance is improving wastemanagement infrastructure;

• Lack of awareness and understanding of 3Rs issues.

Way Forward• Sufficient sector-wise baseline information and

regular update of inventory

• Existing policies and regulations needs to focusmore on fiscal and financial incentives toencourage and inspire private sectors to promote3Rs technology

• Properly implemented Inter-ministerial committeeto minimize communication gap betweenministries;

• Sufficient sector-wise baseline information andregular update of inventory

• Existing policies and regulations needs to focusmore on fiscal and financial incentives toencourage and inspire private sectors to promote3Rs technology

• Properly implemented Inter-ministerial committeeto minimize communication gap betweenministries;

Way Forward• Massive awareness to promote the concept of

3Rs among the citizen, manufacturers &producers, policy makers and other relevantstakeholders;

• More capacity building and training programsneeded;

• Promotion of cleaner technologies including R &D;

• Include existing informal sector operators;

• Massive awareness to promote the concept of3Rs among the citizen, manufacturers &producers, policy makers and other relevantstakeholders;

• More capacity building and training programsneeded;

• Promotion of cleaner technologies including R &D;

• Include existing informal sector operators;

Way Forward

• Mobilization of resources (CDM, GoB and others);

• Target setting for increased recycling and greenjobs;

• The way forward for the government is to takemore of a facilitating role and promote public-private and community partnerships, innovativefinance and 3R initiatives.

• Mobilization of resources (CDM, GoB and others);

• Target setting for increased recycling and greenjobs;

• The way forward for the government is to takemore of a facilitating role and promote public-private and community partnerships, innovativefinance and 3R initiatives.

Was

te In

vent

ory

Was

te In

vent

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Country Inventory for WasteManagement

• Identity of hazardous waste and their classification(as per Basel, US EPA and WHO categories)

• Mapping of the locations and their projection growthby 2012

• Projection of waste water, sludge, solid waste andhazardous waste generation for 2012 and 2017

• Identity of hazardous waste and their classification(as per Basel, US EPA and WHO categories)

• Mapping of the locations and their projection growthby 2012

• Projection of waste water, sludge, solid waste andhazardous waste generation for 2012 and 2017

BangladeshNew Policy related to 3R

• Industrial Development and Innovation Act2012 (Draft 2)

• Industrial Development and Innovation Act2012 (Draft 2)

GDP growth (annual %)

EPI: Bangladesh

Thank You!Thank You!