infant feeding & nutrition. structure introduction breastfeeding basics formula feeding basics...
TRANSCRIPT
StructureIntroduction
Breastfeeding basics
Formula Feeding basics
Complementary Feeding
Growth monitoring
IntroductionFirst 1000 days between conception and a
child’s 2nd birthday : impact ability to grow, learn and reach full potential
South African Constitution / UN Committee on Rights of the Child / Convention of the Rights of the Child : HUMAN RIGHT OF A CHILD TO HAVE BASIC NUTRITION AND ACCESS TO FOOD
South Africa: Double burden Malnutrition and Obesity/Overweight and diet related chronic diseases
Breastfeeding BasicsMost Natural – body designed to breastfeed
Benefits are endless
Has ALL the essential nutrients: vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates to sustain optimal growth
Bonding
FREE!!!
Right temperature
Easily digested
Maternal antibodies to boost babies immune system
Seldom Have problems with constipation/ diarrhea
Prevent allergies
Prevent obesity
MOM: Lose weight, Lowers the risk of Breast Cancer/ Ovarian Cancer
WHO : Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months and continuing with breastfeeding with the addition of complementary feeds until 2 years
BreastMILKColostrum:
- Rich in nutrients and antibodies – First immunization!!!
- Lines the digestive tract, enhances immunity
- Small amount – all baby needs
- Sick baby: express – feed with cup or spoon
Foremilk
Hindmilk
Basic tipsQuiet calm room
Prepare before the feed – tea/water/good chair/raise feet ENJOY!!!!
RELAXATION NB! Stress hormones inhibit Milk production hormones
Comfortable position/ style to feed
MAKE sure baby latches correctly – top and bottom lip must form a snug seal
Incorrect latching will hurt you
Help if you are hurt:
- Nipple creams/ shields/ laser/ physio
Breast feed on demand
Some take their time, Some are barracudas!! – Let your baby tell you when he is full and NOT the clock
First 2 weeks – feed every 3-4 hours - Should not go longer than 5 hours without a feed
Involve Dad/ Going to work
Express BREAST milk for cup or bottle feeds
Room air 6 hours
Refrigerate 48 hours
Frozen 3 months
- Date your milk – use the older milk first
- Freezer bags/ breast milk storage bottles (BPA free)
- Get a pump which you are comfortable with
Breastfeeding helpCheck that your hospital is “baby friendly” and
supports breastfeeding
Be weary of well meaning but inexperienced help
Midwife/ Neonatal Sister
Baby Clinics
Lactation Consultants (with a National Postgraduate Lactation Certificate)
Support groups (eg La Leche League
www.llli.org/SouthAfrica)
Breast milk BankingThe South African Breast Milk Reserve (SABR)
- Public benefit organization
- Supplies and redistributes donar milk to prems amongst 70 hospitals/ 8 provinces
- Meticulously screened and packaged
More info www.sabr.org.za or email [email protected]
Formula FeedingNot all moms able to breastfeed
NO : Cows milk, Goat’s milk, Skimmed milk, Coffee Creamers, Milk powders
Composition of Formula – strictly controlled by global standards board (European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition)
Specific maximum and minimum requirements
Formula in the same classes are nutritional interchangeable
Types of formulaStandard Cow’s milk formula (protein similar to
cows milk)
STARTER (stage 1) birth to 6 months
FOLLOW ON (stage 2) 6 months to 1 year
Growing up milk (stage 3) – milk for toddlers 1yr – 3yr
Specialized formulaPartially hydrolyzed / hypoallergenic (protein broken
down)
Lactose free formula
Soya based
Anti reflux
Acidified
Preterm
SPECIAL INDICATIONS – MUST BE DISCUSSED WITH PAED/GP/Dietician
Additional components Pre and Probiotics
- Eases digestion
- Decrease frequency and duration gastro
- Reduce risk of antibiotic associated gastro
- Improves immunity
Omegas (Long chain fatty acids)
- neurological, cognitive and visual development
Nucleotides
- Increased weight gain and Head circumference
Preparation of Formula Hygiene !! Hygiene!! Hygiene!!
Wash hands
Boiled cooled water
Measure water
Measure power
- LEVEL of scoop
- Not more not less
- Use the scoop provided
- Read the instructions on the tin
- Make sure properly dissolved
Basic formula rulesAlways check the temp BEFORE feeding infant
Make enough for a single feed
Do leave lying around at room temp
Do not feed the infant unattended
Do not use the microwave to heat the milk
- Changes the protein
- Uneven Heating
No harm in changing formula – just don’t chop and change to quickly
SterilizationALWAYS sterilize ALL bottles and teats
Boiling – bottles for 15 min teats for 3-5 min
Steam sterilizers
Chemicals
- Hypochloride solutions – follow the instructions on the bottle sterilizing fluid carefully – some changed daily, others weekly
Baby poo!! Newborn poo –
Meconium
Breastfeeding poo
Bottle feeding poo
Starting solids poo
Constipation
Small dry hard pellets
- Incorrect mixing formula
- Fever
- Dehydration
- Changes in fluid intake
- Medication
Diarrhoea
Runny, more often, larger amounts
- Infection
- Too much fruit or juice
- Medication
- Food Allergy/ Sensitivity
Complimentary Feeding Discovering new things and mess!!
WHO Breastfeed until 6 months
EVERY BABY IS DIFFERENT
Gentle flavor and texture
Try one meal, 3 days in a row then change
Good started options: rice cereal/ butternut/ carrots/ pears/apples/ bananas squash – mixed with margarine/ sunflower oil / peanut butter
8-9 months chicken/lamb/ fish
By 1 year 3 meals a day with milk feeds being ”complimentary snacks” (at least 2 per day)
SPECIAL DIET – Discuss with Paed and Dietician – meeting all the nutritional requirements and ?supplements
Growth ChartsMonitor Babies growth
Weight for age
Length/ height for age
Weight for length
Head circumference
Body mass index