infants and babies and toddlers! oh, my! · 2013-03-27 · 1) texas public school districts,...

Infants and babies and toddlers! Oh, my!

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Newborns

• Reflexes – Crucial for survival – Evoke adult attention – Pediatricians check reflexes carefully, because

weak or extremely rigid reflexes can indicate brain damage


Newborn Reflexes

• What are some of the reflexes? – Rooting – Sucking – Swimming (should NOT be tested at home, for safety reasons)

– Moro – Palmer grasp – Stepping – Babinski


Development occurs in three domains


Physical

Social/Emotional

Cognitive

Brain Development


Infant - Physical

• Brain development – Has 100 – 200 billion neurons (nerve cells) – Gaps between them are called synapses – Neurons that are used survive; others are pruned – Appropriate stimulation is what causes neurons to

be used • Stimulate by talking, listening, singing, dancing, moving,

questioning, showing, allowing exploration


Physical Development Trend Cephalocaudal


Physical Development Trend


Proximodistal

What happens when babies grow?

• By the end of first year – Height is more than 50% greater than at birth – Body is more plump by six months than at birth – Ethnic and gender differences are noted – Teeth appear

• By the end of the second year – Height is more than 75% greater than at birth – Weight has quadrupled since birth


Infant – Physical Milestones


Infant – Motor Development

Gross Motor Development

Fine Motor Development


Infant – Social/Emotional

• Attachment • Emotional

development


Infant Attachment


• Infants need warm, nurturing, responsive care • Babies who receive this type of attention

become securely attached to parent and/or caretaker

Click picture to watch a 5

minute YouTube

video about attachment.

Click link to watch a 2

minute YouTube

video about attachment.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bul1meciGE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tu4LnZI3G1s

Infant Emotional Development

• Basic emotions – universal to humans – Happiness – Interest – Surprise – Fear – Anger – Sadness – Disgust


Infant - Cognitive


Attention

Language

Memory

Toddler - Physical


Gross motor development

Fine motor development

Toddler – Social/Emotional


Toddler – Cognitive


Infant Development

Check for understanding. Click the picture to go to milestone charts for

infants and toddlers.


http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/downloads.html

Infant and Toddler Self-Regulation


Strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level. Impulse control

is part of this.

Temperament


•Early appearing •Stable differences in our reactivity and self-regulation •Set of inborn biological characteristics that shape how we experience and approach the world.

Temperament

• What makes up a child’s temperament (1:03) • Temperament traits (10:00) • Things to remember (2:39)


http://kera-kids.kera-interactive.org/ready-for-life/teachers/temperament/temperament-videos/what-makes-up-a-childs-temperament/

http://kera-kids.kera-interactive.org/ready-for-life/teachers/temperament/temperament-videos/temperament-traits/

http://kera-kids.kera-interactive.org/ready-for-life/teachers/temperament/temperament-videos/things-to-remember/

Influence of family and society


Optimizing development, including special needs

• LRE – least restrictive environment

• Inclusive classrooms

• Learning disabilities


Techniques to promote health and safety

• Watchful, attentive care • Shaken Baby Syndrome (web site)

– Never, never shake a baby! You can cause brain injury or death

• Well-baby care and medical attention • SIDS (article)

– Back to sleep (1:08 minute video) – Safe sleep for babies (12:38 minute video)

• Tummy time (news article)


http://www.dontshake.org/sbs.php?topNavID=3&subNavID=23

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002533/

http://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/pages/Back-to-Sleep.aspx?nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR:+No+local+token

http://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/pages/Safe-Sleep-for-Babies.aspx

http://www.ky3.com/news/contactky3/ky3-lack-of-tummy-time-blamed-for-developmental-delays-02232011,0,3781056.story

Developmentally appropriate guidance techniques

• Infants should never be punished • Toddlers can be guided in order to help

correct behaviors


Babysitting

Check your knowledge. Complete the babysitting jigsaw puzzle.


http://urbanext.illinois.edu/babysitting/puzzle/index.html

References

• Technology – A Minute for Kids: Back to Sleep. (2011). American

Academy of Pediatrics video. http://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/pages/Back-to-Sleep.aspx?nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token

– Safe Sleep for Babies. (2010). American Academy of Pediatrics video. http://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/pages/Safe-Sleep-for-Babies.aspx


References

• Technology – Sullivan, R. (2012). Attachment learning. Child Mind

Institute YouTube video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tu4LnZI3G1s

– Temperament traits. (2012). KERA –TV. http://kera-kids.kera-interactive.org/ready-for-life/teachers/temperament/temperament-videos/temperament-traits/

– Temperament: Things to remember. (2012). KERA-TV. http://kera-kids.kera-interactive.org/ready-for-life/teachers/temperament/temperament-videos/things-to-remember/


References • Technology

– The role of attachment in infancy on later mental and physical health outcomes. (2012). YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bul1meciGE

– Tummy Time (2010). KY3 – TV. http://www.ky3.com/news/contactky3/ky3-lack-of-tummy-time-blamed-for-developmental-delays-02232011,0,3781056.story

– What makes up a child’s temperament? (2012). KERA-TV. http://kera-kids.kera-interactive.org/ready-for-life/teachers/temperament/temperament-videos/what-makes-up-a-childs-temperament/

– Zachery, A. (2012). Tummy time video. http://www.tummytimetips.com/tummy-time-video/


References

Textbooks • Berk, L. (2008). Infants and Children. (4th ed). Boston,

MA: Pearson Education, Inc. • Dacey, J., Travers, J., Fiore, L. (2009). Human

development across the lifespan. (7th ed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies.


References

• Websites – A Guide to the Business of Babysitting: Jigsaw

Puzzle. (2013). University of Illinois Extension. http://urbanext.illinois.edu/babysitting/puzzle/index.html

– Best Beginnings: School Readiness – Birth Through Five. (2001). http://www.bestbeginnings.us/


References

• Websites – Brainy Quotes (2012.) http://www.brainyquotes.com – Growth and Development Downloads. (2013). Center

for Disease Control. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/downloads.html


References

• Websites – Healthy Minds: Nurturing Your Child’s Healthy

Development . (2003). http://www.zerotothree.org/child-development/brain-development/healthy-minds.html

– Images (2013). Microsoft Office Images. http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/??Origin=EC790014051033&CTT=6&ver=12&app=powerpnt.exe


References

• Websites – Infant and Toddler Development Online Courses.

(2011). Texas AgriLife Extension, Texas A&M University System. http://infanttoddler.tamu.edu/courses/courseListByCatID.php?catid=16

– Mayo Clinic. (2012). Language acquisition. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/infant-development/AN01026


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infants and babies and toddlers! oh, my! · 2013-03-27 · 1) texas public school districts,...

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