influence of human factors and affective technology in utilitarian mobile applications erkki...
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Influence of human factors and affective technology
in utilitarian mobile applications
Erkki Kurkinen
+358400247680- dissertation supervisor: prof Pekka Neittaanmäki- format: collection of papers- status of this plan: draft research plan- time schedule: started Jan 2010, final ~2012
My CV
MSc in 1982 in Technical University of Tampere (computer technology)
Additional studies in University of Oulu (mathematics, physics, theoretical physics)
Career in Nokia Corp. up to 2009 in production, R&D, product marketing, sales, system development, concepting
In several positions in several international businesses: telecommunication, TETRA, mobile networks, multimedia devices
Now: senior researcher and PhD student in Scope program in Faculty of IT in JYU
IntroductionUser behaviour in accepting new technology (computers, tv, IT- systems) has been studied since 50-60’s
Mobile technology user studies done since 80’s
Traditionally there have been spesific research methods for different user types (i.e. hedonic users, utilitarian users)
• PEOU=percieved ease of use• PU= percieved usability• CA =cognitive absorption• TAM, TAM2 =technical acceptance model
Currently, models for customer acceptance in mobile applications are being developed as well in the community
Utilitarian use (police) is assumed to get closer to the hedonic use (consumer) = one of the hypotheses in this research
In this research the goal is to create new methods for technology acceptance for utilitarian users having elements from existing models from both user types and use in empirical tests to prove hypotheses
DefinitionsUtilitarian user– Device, service or application is used for increasing task
performance, professional use (in this study police and fire)– Benefit is external of the system itself
Hedonic user– Device, service or appplication is used for pleasure and
enjoy; system provides value to the user (consumer)– Benefit is internal to system
Human factor– physical or cognitive property of an individual or social
behavior which is specific to humans and influences functioning of technological systems
Definitions (cont.)
Affective technology– Technology that relates to, arises from, or deliberately
influences emotion and other affective phenomena
User experience– a person's perceptions and responses that result from the
use or anticipated use of a product, system or service (ISO 9241-210)
Traditional acceptance models
• TRA - results• TAM• TAM2• …
Utilitarianservice
• UTAUT - results• Kaasinen • Pedersen• …
Hedonicservice
Userstudy
User study
Sketch of a new acceptance model development
Utilitarianservice
Hedonicservice
User study
New
models
User studyUser
studyUser study
Results
Conclusions
Validations
Research goals
Research questions:– What are the users experiences of the utilitarian users of the mobile
applications ?– What type of attractions (if any) there are in the devices and applications for
the utilitarian users ?– Can an utilitarian mobile device be affective (in positive sense) making the
user to use the application more often and with pleasure ?– Can a nicely working mobile device or application encourage the user to use
the service more and more and take everything out of it ?– Can a nicely working mobile device or application encourage the utilitarian
user to enjoy doing her/his duties ?– Can a nicely working mobile device or application get the utilitarian user to
do her/his duties more effectively – What kind of device, service or application can give answers to all previous
questions ?
Preliminary hypotheses
H1: Utilitarian use is getting influences from hedonic use
H2: Utilitarian users can enjoy of the interactions not dissimilar to hedonic users
H3: Intention to use the utilitarian system will remarkably grow after integrating hedonic features into it
H4: Utilitarian users can remarkably benefit from hedonic features in their systems
User studies
Application A
Application B
Application C
Application D
PreInterview
System in use
Interview
Results&
Conclusions
introductions
User studies
• Police users– Finland (Vaasa police, Police College in Tampere,Jkl)– UK (Wiltshire, Hertfordshire)
• Fire departments– Emergency Service College (Pelastusopisto) in
Kuopio– Los Angeles Fire department
Current state2 conference papers in 2 conferences (ISCRAM, IDRC) preseted
First user study on going– Vaasa police– 1st system under test: bar code based work flow and work allocation
system (Upcode Oy application + Nokia E75)– 3 x 3 weeks sessions, each with separate applications
Our own Scope applications development ongoing, user studies to start soon– User experience demonstrators
• Mobile police station in a vehicle + multimedia device• Use of semantic content• Use of mobile agents
– Sumo server + mobile clients• Social media type (closed system)• Location• Chat, images, videos, voice & document storage
Benefits of the study results
Adds the understanding of the intentions to use and accept technology of the utilitarian users
Helps service/device R&D developent work in mitigating customer acceptance risks in development of new sevices and products
Gives new tools for utilitarian customers to evaluate and minimise their own risk on introduction and utlization of new services
Gives tools for the design thinking -type of development of IT systems
Conclusion
Utilitarian users will get more and more features for their ICT systems which are better used and known in hedonic systems
Acceptance models need to be changed as well
In this research new acceptance models will be developed combining these two user types to understand better the acceptance procedure
All this is for the benefit of utilitarian users
References
1. Davis Fred D. Percieved Ease of Use and user Acceptance of Information Technology, MIS Quarterly, Vol 13, No 3, pp. 319-340, 1989
2. Davos Fred D., Bagozzi Richard P., Warshaw Paul R., User Acceptance of Comnputer Technology:A Comparison of Two Theroretical Models, Management Science, vol 35, No 8 pp. 982-1003, 1989
3. Venkatesh Viswanath, Davis Fred D., A Theoretical Extension of the Technoloical Acceptance Model: Four Logitudinal Field Studies, Management Science, vol 46, no 2, pp. 186-204, 2000
4. Wakefield Robin, Whitten Dwayne, Mobile computing: a user study on hedonic/utilitarian mobile device usage, European Journal of Information Systems, issue 15, pp. 292-300,2006
5. Chesney Thomas, Measuring the Context of Information Systems use, Journal of Information Technology Management, vol 14, no 3, 2008
6. Pedersen P.E., Adoption of Mobile Internet Services:An Explantory Study of Mobile Commerce Early Adaptors, Journal of Orgaizational Computing and Electronic Commerce 15 (2), 2003-222, 2005
7. Kaasinen Eija, User Acceptance of Mobile Services - value, ease of use, trust and ease of adaption, VTT publications 566,2005
8. A Design Thinking Process Model for Capturing and Formalizing Design Intents, Zhaoyang Sun, Jihong Liu, Proceedings of ISCID 08, International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design, 2008
Thank you!
Questions?