INFLUENCES ON INFLUENCES ON AMERICAN POLITICAL AMERICAN POLITICAL

RIGHTSRIGHTS

Magna Carta - 1215Magna Carta - 1215

““English Church shall be free… rights English Church shall be free… rights entire, and liberties [whole]”entire, and liberties [whole]”

Separation of Church and StateSeparation of Church and State

U.S. Constitution – 1U.S. Constitution – 1stst Amendment Amendment

Magna Carta - 1215Magna Carta - 1215

““We have granted to all freemen . . .for us We have granted to all freemen . . .for us and for our heirs forever. . .all unwritten and for our heirs forever. . .all unwritten liberties. . .”liberties. . .”

Rights for the people, whether specified or Rights for the people, whether specified or not, for now and for the futurenot, for now and for the future

U.S. Constitution – Preamble – liberty for U.S. Constitution – Preamble – liberty for “ourselves. . . and our Posterity” (future)“ourselves. . . and our Posterity” (future)

- 9- 9thth Amendment – Additional powers reserved Amendment – Additional powers reserved to the people to the people

Magna Carta - 1215Magna Carta - 1215

““No bailiff shall…put anyone to trial No bailiff shall…put anyone to trial upon own unsupported testimony, upon own unsupported testimony, without reliable witnesses. . .”without reliable witnesses. . .”

Right to face accuser, right to call Right to face accuser, right to call witnesseswitnesses

U.S. Constitution – 6U.S. Constitution – 6thth Amendment Amendment

Magna Carta - 1215Magna Carta - 1215

““No freeman shall be taken or No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned... unless by lawful imprisoned... unless by lawful judgement of peers…”judgement of peers…”

Right to a Trial by JuryRight to a Trial by Jury

U.S. Constitution – 6U.S. Constitution – 6thth Amendment Amendment

John LockeJohn Locke

People are born free with People are born free with natural rights: life, liberty, natural rights: life, liberty, and propertyand property

Natural rights always exist Natural rights always exist even in a state of nature even in a state of nature (no govt.) but are unsafe.(no govt.) but are unsafe.

If a govt. violated people’s If a govt. violated people’s rights, they were justified rights, they were justified in replacing a govt. by in replacing a govt. by force if necessary.force if necessary.

Two Treatises of Government

MontesquieuMontesquieuThree branches of govt.:Three branches of govt.:

Executive, Legislative, & Executive, Legislative, &

JudicialJudicialSeparate branches of Separate branches of

govt. should check and govt. should check and balance the others to balance the others to prevent abuses.prevent abuses.

RousseauRousseau

““Social Contract” – a Social Contract” – a government derives government derives power from consent power from consent of the governed.of the governed.

VoltaireVoltaire

Religious toleranceReligious toleranceFreedom of speechFreedom of speech

““I may detest what you I may detest what you say, but will defend to say, but will defend to the death your right the death your right to say it.”to say it.”

Adam SmithAdam Smith

The Free Market The Free Market should be should be allowed to allowed to regulate regulate business.business.

The “invisible The “invisible hand”hand”

Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

A.A. From where did such a government From where did such a government get its power?get its power?

. . .the consent of the people. . .the consent of the people

A.A. How would this government work?How would this government work?

““Social contract” – People promise Social contract” – People promise obedience to colonial leaders in obedience to colonial leaders in exchange for just government. It exchange for just government. It allows for new laws to be added.allows for new laws to be added.

Great Great AwakeningAwakening

1730s-1740s 1730s-1740sA.A. Time of religious revival Time of religious revival

stressing piety (devoutness)stressing piety (devoutness)

“ “Born Again” ChristiansBorn Again” Christians

A.A. Baptist church converted Baptist church converted farmers & African slaves.farmers & African slaves.

Preaching of evils of slavery Preaching of evils of slavery led to violence by farmers led to violence by farmers fearing loss of their slaves.fearing loss of their slaves.

A.A. Emphasized individualismEmphasized individualism

Created challenges to Created challenges to traditional “church” authority.traditional “church” authority.