informatics practices project by sagar mandloi
TRANSCRIPT
An electronic device which is
capable of receiving information
(data) in a particular form and of
performing a sequence of operations
in accordance with a predetermined
but variable set of procedural
instructions (program) to produce a
result in the form of information or
signals.
In computing, an input device is a
peripheral (piece of computer hardware
equipment) used to provide data and
control signals to an information
processing system such as a computer or
other information appliance. Examples
of input devices include keyboards, mice,
scanners, digital cameras and joysticks.
A computer keyboard is one of the primary input devices used with a computer that looks similar to those found on electric typewriters but with some additional keys. Keyboards allow the user to input letters, numbers, and other symbol into a computer that often function as commands. The following image shows a saitek keyboard with indicators pointing to each of the major key sections of a keyboard.
A computer mouse is an input device that
is most often used with a
personal computer. Moving
amouse along a flat surface can move the
on-screen cursor to different items on the
screen. Items can be moved or selected
by pressing the mouse buttons
An input device that utilizes a light-
sensitive detector to select objects on
a display screen. A light pen is similar
to a mouse, except that with a light
pen you can move the pointer and
select objects on the display screen
by directly pointing to the objects with
the pen.
A device used in sound
reproduction systems for converting sound into
electrical energy, usually by means of a
ribbonor diaphragm set into motion by the
sound waves. The vibrations are converted int
o the equivalent audiofrequency electric curre
nts.
A cam, homecam, or Webcam is a video camera, usually attached directly to a computer, whose current or latest image is requestable from a Web site. A live cam is one that is continually providing new images that are transmitted in rapid succession or, in some cases, in streaming video. Sites with live cams sometimes embed them as java applets in Web pages. Cams have caught on; there are now several thousand sites with cams
Electronic or electromechanical
equipment connected to a computer
and used to transfer data out of the
computer in the form of text, images,
sounds or other media to a display
screen, printer, loudspeaker or
storage device.
A computer monitor is an electronic
device that shows
pictures. Monitors often look similar to
televisions. The main difference between
amonitor and a television is that
a monitor does not have a television tuner
to change channels.Monitors often have
higher display resolution than televisions.
A printer is a piece of hardware for
a computer. It is a device which allows a
user to print items on paper, such as
letters and pictures. It can also work with
digital cameras to print directly without the
use of a computer. To do its work, a printer
must be connected to a computer.
The plotter is a computer printer for
printing vector graphics. In the
past, plotters were used in applications
such as computer-aided design, though
they have generally been replaced with
wide-format conventional printers.
A plotter gives a hard copy of the output.
It draws pictures on paper using a pen.
Speaker is defined as an electrical device
used to make sound or music louder. An
example of speaker is how music is
listened to in a car. Thedefinition of
a speaker is a spokesperson or a person
giving a speech. An example of speaker is
the person who people have gathered
around to hear talk about something.
Sometimes referred to
as earphones, headphones are a
hardware device that either plugs into
your computer or your speakers and
allow you to privately listen to audio
without disturbing anyone else.
Bus is an electrical pathway through which bits are transmitted between the various computer components. In other words, the bus is the channel, which lets the parts of a computer, communicates with each other. A bus is classified by name according to its function.
Communication bus can be classified into three categories
1. Address bus2. Data bus &3. Contol bus
A collection of wires connecting the CPU with main memory that is used to identify particular locations in main memory. The width of the address bus determines how many unique memory locations can be addressed. Modern PCs and macintoshes have as many as 36 address lines, which enables them theoretically to access 64 gb main memory. However, the actually amount of memory that can be accessed is usually much less than this theoretical limit due to chipset and motherboard limitations.
A collection of wires through which data is
transmitted from one part of a computer to
another. We can think of a bus as a highway on
which data travels within a computer. When used
in reference to pesonal computers, the
term bus usually refers to internal bus. This is a
bus that connects all the internal computer
components to the CPU and main memory.
There's also an expansion bus that enables
expansion boards to access the CPU and
memory.
The physical connections that carry control
information between the CPU and other devices
within the computer. Whereas the data
bus carries actual data that is being processed,
the control bus carries signals that report the
status of various devices. For example, one line
of the bus is used to indicate whether the CPU is
currently reading from or writing to main memory.
Computer ports are connection points or
interfaces with other peripheral devices.There
are two main types of computer ports: physical
and virtual.Physical ports are used for connecting
a computer trough a cable and a socket to a
peripheral device. Here are some ports:-
1. Parallel Port
2. RJ45 Port
3. RJ11 Port
4. USB Port
5. Serial Ports
A parallel interface for connecting an external device such as a printer. Most personal computers have both aparallel port and at least one serial port. On PCs, theparallelport uses a 25-pin connector (type DB-25) and is used to connect printers, computers and other devices that need relatively high bandwidth.
An Registered Jack 45 (RJ-45) port is a data port often found on computers, network routers, switches and hubs. It is commonly used for an Ethernet or serial connection with an 8 position 8 conductor (8P8C) jack. In the past, some modems and telephones included a port that used a true RJ-45 jack. Although the 8P8C jack is not identical to the RJ-45, the data port commonly retains the name.
A "port" is an IT term for socket. The
RJ11 port is found in millions of homes
and businesses all over the world. It is
the phone socket. Although, strictly
speaking, "ports" are only found on
computers, the same socket can be
found on telephones, fax machines and
in wall sockets.
Short for Universal Serial Bus, an
external bus standard that supports
data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. A
single USB port can be used to
connect up to 127 peripheral devices,
such as mice, modems, and
keyboards. USB also supports Plug-
and-Play installation and hot
plugging.
A serial port is a general-purpose
interface that can be used for almost
any type of device, including
modems, mice, and printers
(although most printers are
connected to a parallel port).
A memory card (sometimes called a flash memory card or a storage card) is a smallstorage medium used to store data such as text, pictures, audio, and video, for use on small, portable or remote computing devices.
There are many types of memory cards available in the market.These are:
Smart Media Cards Multimedia Cards Compact Flash Extreme Digital Cards Secure Digital Card Memory Stick
A SmartMedia card (originally called
a solid-state floppy disk card, or
SSFDC) is a
memory card developed by Toshiba
that uses flash memory to store data
and to make it portable among
devices, such as digital cameras,
personal digital assistants (PDAs),
and other handheld devices
xD Picture Card. (EXtreme
Digital PictureCard) An earlier flash
memory card used in digital cameras.
Introduced in 2002 by Fuji and Olympus,
the xD cards were the smallest flash
memorycards on the market until the Mini
SD card was announced in 2003.
The MultiMediaCard (MMC) is a
memory cardstandard used for solid-state
storage. Unveiled in 1997 by SanDisk and
Siemens AG, it is based on Toshiba's
NAND-based flash memory, and is
therefore much smaller than earlier
systems based on Intel NOR-based
memory such as CompactFlash.
An SD Card (Secure Digital Card) is an
ultra small flash memory carddesigned to
provide high-capacity memory in a small
size. SD cards are used in many small
portable devices such as digital video
camcorders,digital cameras, handheld
computers, audio players and mobile
phones.
CompactFlash (CF) is
a flash memory mass storage device
used mainly in portable electronic
devices and was the
first flashmemory card. The format
was specified and the devices were
first manufactured by SanDisk in
1994.
Memory Stick is a type of flash
memory developed by Sony. It is used
to store data for digital cameras,
camcorders, and other kinds of
electronics. Because Memory Stick is a
proprietary Sony product, it is used by
nearly all of Sony's products that use
flash media