information and human rights : the social, cultural and ethical aspects of the information society

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Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

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Page 1: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society.

Page 2: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

Daniel PimientaDaniel [email protected]@funredes.org

NETWORKS & DEVELOPMENT NETWORKS & DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATIONFOUNDATION

http://funredes.orghttp://funredes.org

http://funredes.org/LChttp://funredes.org/LC

Page 3: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

Linguistic & Cultural Diversity in Linguistic & Cultural Diversity in CyberspaceCyberspace

1.1. A framework to understand the A framework to understand the complexity of the digital divide.complexity of the digital divide.

2.2. Its Its application to the understanding to the understanding of the diversity issue.of the diversity issue.

3.3. Some Some fresh figures about some about some languages in the Internet and data languages in the Internet and data about languages in the Caribbean.about languages in the Caribbean.

Page 4: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

1.1. A framework to understand the A framework to understand the complexity of the digital divide.complexity of the digital divide.

Page 5: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society
Page 6: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society
Page 7: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society
Page 8: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

LIBRARIANS HAVE A LIBRARIANS HAVE A KEY KEY SOCIAL ROLESOCIAL ROLE TO PLAY IN THE TO PLAY IN THE

HUGE CHALLENGE OF HUGE CHALLENGE OF INFORMATION LITTERACYINFORMATION LITTERACY

SEE TOLEDO’S DECLARATIONSEE TOLEDO’S DECLARATION

http://www.lectores.info/formacion/file.php/38/Modulos/Documentos/http://www.lectores.info/formacion/file.php/38/Modulos/Documentos/Dec_Toledo.pdfDec_Toledo.pdf

See also: See also: http://alfin.blogspirit.com/http://alfin.blogspirit.com/

Page 9: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

2. APPLICATION 2. APPLICATION OF ICT4HD FRAMEWORK OF ICT4HD FRAMEWORK

TO TO CULTURAL & LINGUISTIC CULTURAL & LINGUISTIC

DIVERSITYDIVERSITY

HOW DOES THE HURDLES HOW DOES THE HURDLES TRANSLATE IN TERMS OF LANGUAGE TRANSLATE IN TERMS OF LANGUAGE

AND CULTURE?AND CULTURE?

Page 10: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

ACCESS/INFRASTRUCTUREACCESS/INFRASTRUCTURE

Technological neutrality is a myth (ref.) however the interfaces however the interfaces concentrated most of the problemes concentrated most of the problemes related with cultural and linguistic related with cultural and linguistic diversity.diversity.

Ref: Charles Ess, (2005) “Can the Local Reshape the Ref: Charles Ess, (2005) “Can the Local Reshape the Global? Ethical Imperatives for Human Global? Ethical Imperatives for Human Intercultural Communication Online, in Capurro, R Intercultural Communication Online, in Capurro, R & al (Eds), Localizing the Internet. Ethical Issues & al (Eds), Localizing the Internet. Ethical Issues in Intercultural Perspective, in Intercultural Perspective,

Ver Ver http://icie.zkm.de/congress2004http://icie.zkm.de/congress2004

Page 11: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

ACCESS/AFFORDABILITYACCESS/AFFORDABILITY

Universal access must include the Universal access must include the consideration of consideration of a price coherent with the level of revenues of the with the level of revenues of the

target populationtarget population

Languages & cultures of poor Languages & cultures of poor segments of population (basically in segments of population (basically in the South but also immigrants in the the South but also immigrants in the

North)North)

Page 12: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

ACCESO/SUSTAINIBILITYACCESO/SUSTAINIBILITY

Telecenters’ organization scheme should be coherent with local cultural should be coherent with local cultural

practices.practices.

Maintenance documentation in local Maintenance documentation in local language.language.

Page 13: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

ACCESS/LOCALIZATIONACCESS/LOCALIZATION

IInterfaces shall allow access in mother tongue and shall allow access in mother tongue and be natural to user’s culture.be natural to user’s culture.

Keyboard layoutKeyboard layout Alphabet codificationAlphabet codification

Online dictionnaries and other support software Online dictionnaries and other support software (Ref)(Ref)

Automatic Translation (in the future)Automatic Translation (in the future)

Ref: José Antonio Millán, “How much is a language Ref: José Antonio Millán, “How much is a language worth…” - Ver http://jamillan.com/worth.htmworth…” - Ver http://jamillan.com/worth.htm

Page 14: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

ACCESS/LITERACYACCESS/LITERACY

The aim of universal acces is to reach The aim of universal acces is to reach knowledge and then start by and then start by a

requirement on functional literacy at at 100%100%

Page 15: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

USEUSE

Here starts the requirement for Here starts the requirement for digital literacy

which shall be conceived as a process which shall be conceived as a process which pays tribute to local languages which pays tribute to local languages

and cultures.and cultures.

Page 16: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

TECHNOLOGICAL OWNERSHIPTECHNOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP

How to really own a tool which does How to really own a tool which does not understand your mother tongue?not understand your mother tongue?

Page 17: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

MEANINGFUL USAGEMEANINGFUL USAGE

Local content production and virtual Local content production and virtual communities in local languages.communities in local languages.

Page 18: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

SOCIAL OWNERSHIPSOCIAL OWNERSHIP

Network & Information’s Culture & Network & Information’s Culture & Ethic are not neutral and shall go Ethic are not neutral and shall go thru a process of thru a process of sincretism with with

local cultures.local cultures.

Page 19: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

EMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENTSOCIAL INNOVATIONSOCIAL INNOVATION

The closer we get to Human The closer we get to Human Development more the importance Development more the importance

switch into the cutural aspect.switch into the cutural aspect.

What is the meaning of those What is the meaning of those concepts in a given cultural context?concepts in a given cultural context?

Page 20: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

HUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN DEVELOPMENT

We will get close to this goal only if people’s We will get close to this goal only if people’s participation has been a reality along the has been a reality along the

described process, if persons are subject and no described process, if persons are subject and no object of the process.object of the process.

¿What meaning has “participation” and how does it ¿What meaning has “participation” and how does it get real in a given cultural context?get real in a given cultural context?

¿Does real participation exists if a language ¿Does real participation exists if a language different form mother tongue is imposed?different form mother tongue is imposed?

Page 21: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

3. La diversidad lingüística en 3. La diversidad lingüística en

la Internetla Internet

REFLEXIONES ALREDEDOR DE LOS RESULTADOSDE LAS MEDIDAS REALIZADAS POR FUNREDES

EN EL MARCO DE SU METODOLOGÍA CREADA CON EL CONCURSO DE LA UNIÓN LATINA

1998-2005

Page 22: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

CONTEXTOCONTEXTO

SÓLO QUEDAN SÓLO QUEDAN 6.0006.000 LENGUAS EN VIDALENGUAS EN VIDA

DE UN TOTAL DE UN TOTAL DE ALGUNAS DE ALGUNAS 40.00040.000

Cada dos meses una lengua Cada dos meses una lengua desaparece…desaparece…

Page 23: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

LENGUAS MAS HABLADASLENGUAS MAS HABLADAS

MAS DE 500 MILLONESMAS DE 500 MILLONESChino (Mandarín y otras variantes)Chino (Mandarín y otras variantes)

InglésInglésHindu (incluido Urdu et Penjabi)Hindu (incluido Urdu et Penjabi)

Fuente Ethnologue (primera y segunda lengua)Fuente Ethnologue (primera y segunda lengua)

Page 24: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

LENGUAS MAS HABLADASLENGUAS MAS HABLADAS

ENTRE 200 y 500 MILLONESENTRE 200 y 500 MILLONESEspañolEspañol

RusoRusoArabe(s)Arabe(s)

Fuente Ethnologue (primera y segunda lengua)Fuente Ethnologue (primera y segunda lengua)

Page 25: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

LENGUAS MAS HABLADAS LENGUAS MAS HABLADAS

ENTRE 100 et 200 MILLIONSENTRE 100 et 200 MILLIONSBengalésBengalésPortugésPortugésJaponésJaponés

IndonesianoIndonesianoAlemanAlemanFrancésFrancés

Source Ethnologue (première et deuxième langues)

Page 26: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

INDICADORES 2005INDICADORES 2005

INGLINGL ESP.ESP. FRA.FRA. ITA.ITA. POR.POR. RUM..RUM.. ALEM.ALEM. RES.RES. TOT.TOT.

LOCUTORES (millones)LOCUTORES (millones) 630630 375375 130130 6060 190190 3030 120120 53705370 60006000

LOCUTORES %LOCUTORES % 10,5%10,5% 6,3%6,3% 2,2%2,2% 1%1% 3,2%3,2% 0,5%0,5% 2%2% 89,5%89,5% 100%100%

INTERNAUTAS (MILLONES)INTERNAUTAS (MILLONES) 300300 8080 4949 4242 3838 44 7171 516516 11001100

INTERNAUTAS % LOCUTORESINTERNAUTAS % LOCUTORES 47,647,6 21,3%21,3% 37,7%37,7% 70,0%70,0% 20,0%20,0% 14,7%14,7% 59,2%59,2% 9,6%9,6% 18.3%18.3%

INTERNAUTAS % POBLACIÓNINTERNAUTAS % POBLACIÓN 5.0%5.0% 1,3%1,3% 0,8%0,8% 0.7%0.7% 0,6%0,6% 0,1%0,1% 1,2%1,2% 8,6%8,6% 18.3%18.3%

% INTERNAUTAS POR LENGUA% INTERNAUTAS POR LENGUA 27%27% 7%7% 4%4% 4%4% 3%3% 0,4%0,4% 7%7% 25%25% 100%100%

PAGINAS WEB %PAGINAS WEB % 45%45% 4,6%4,6% 5%5% 3,0%3,0% 1,9%1,9% 0,2%0,2% 6,9%6,9% 33,4%33,4% 100%100%

PRODUCTIVIDAD PRODUCCIÓN WEBPRODUCTIVIDAD PRODUCCIÓN WEB 1.571.57 0,660,66 1,141,14 0,810,81 0,550,55 0,700,70 1,061,06 1,321,32 11

PAG. WEB PONDERADAS POR LOCUTORESPAG. WEB PONDERADAS POR LOCUTORES 4.294.29 0,740,74 2,282,28 3,053,05 0,590,59 0,330,33 3,473,47 0.370.37   

(Fuentes: Global Reach y Funredes)

Page 27: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

EVOLUCIÓN % PAGINAS WEB EVOLUCIÓN % PAGINAS WEB EN COMPAR. CON INGLÉSEN COMPAR. CON INGLÉS

FUNREDESFUNREDES 1998-2005 1998-2005

Evolución de las lenguas latinas con respecto al Inglés

0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

18.00%

Español

Francés

Italiano

Portugues

Rumano

Aleman

Español 3.37% 8.41% 9.46% 10.95% 11.24% 11.36% 11.60% 10.83% 10.30% 10.19% 10.23%

Francés 3.75% 7.33% 7.89% 8.86% 9.13% 9.14% 9.60% 8.82% 10.18% 10.64% 11.00%

Italiano 2.00% 4.60% 4.93% 5.88% 6.15% 6.15% 6.51% 5.28% 6.09% 6.15% 6.77%

Portugues 1.09% 3.95% 4.44% 5.40% 5.57% 5.61% 5.62% 4.55% 4.36% 4.02% 4.15%

Rumano 0.20% 0.37% 0.33% 0.32% 0.35% 0.36% 0.33% 0.23% 0.41% 0.31% 0.37%

Aleman 5% 11.00% 11.43% 13.42% 13.74% 14.08% 14.41% 13.87% 15.37% 15.42%

Sep-98 Ago-00 Ene-01 Jun-01 Ago-01 Oct-01 Feb-02 Feb-03 Feb-04 May-04 Mar-05

Page 28: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

EVOLUCIÓN INGLÉSEVOLUCIÓN INGLÉS% PAG. WEB & INTERNAUTAS % PAG. WEB & INTERNAUTAS

1988-20051988-2005Porcentaje pagina web en inglés (Fuente: Funredes)

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

Porcentaje ingles

Porcentaje ingles 75.0% 60.0% 55.0% 52.0% 51.0% 50.7% 50.0% 49.0% 47.0% 46.3% 45.0%

Sep-98 Ago-00 Ene-01 Jun-01 Ago-01 Oct-01 Feb-02 Feb-03 Feb-04 May-04 Mar-05

porcentaje de internautas en inglés (Fuente: GlobalReach)

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

Sep-98

Ene-99

May

-99

Sep-99

Ene-00

May

-00

Sep-00

Ene-01

May

-01

Sep-01

Ene-02

May

-02

Sep-02

Ene-03

May

-03

Sep-03

Ene-04

May

-04

Sep-04

Ene-05

% Internautas en inglés

% Internautas en inglés 60.5% 58.0% 48.5% 46.0% 45.1% 44.4% 42.5% 36.9% 38.6% 34.8% 28.6%

Sep-98

Ago-00

Ene-01

Jun-01

Ago-01

Oct-01Feb-02

Feb-03

Feb-04

May-04

Mar-05

Page 29: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

TENDENCIASTENDENCIAS OBSERVADAS DESDE 1998OBSERVADAS DESDE 1998

REDUCCIÓN CONSTANTEREDUCCIÓN CONSTANTE DE LADE LA DOMINANCIA DEL INGLÉS DOMINANCIA DEL INGLÉS

CRECIMIENTO INITIAL RELATIVO MENORCRECIMIENTO INITIAL RELATIVO MENOR DEL DEL FRANCÉSFRANCÉS COMPARADO CON COMPARADO CON

ESPANOL Y PORTUGUÉSESPANOL Y PORTUGUÉS LUEGO CAMBIO LUEGO CAMBIO

OBSERVACIÓN DEJADA ALOBSERVACIÓN DEJADA AL MERCADOMERCADO … … CON AUSENCIA DE RIGORCON AUSENCIA DE RIGOR

PRODUCCIÓN MARGINAL DE LOSPRODUCCIÓN MARGINAL DE LOS PAÍSES PAÍSES DEL SUR DEL SUR SIN PROGRESIÓN NOTABLESIN PROGRESIÓN NOTABLE

Page 30: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

RECOMMENDACIONESRECOMMENDACIONES

• • LA DOMINANCIA DEL INGLÉS BAJALA DOMINANCIA DEL INGLÉS BAJA::

TERMINAR CON DISCURSO PESIMISTA Y TERMINAR CON DISCURSO PESIMISTA Y LA DESINFORMACIÓN!!!LA DESINFORMACIÓN!!!

• • BASTA CON EL COMPLEJO DE BASTA CON EL COMPLEJO DE INFERIORIDAD!!!INFERIORIDAD!!!

• • ORGANIZAR UNA OBSERVACIÓN CON ORGANIZAR UNA OBSERVACIÓN CON RIGOR CIENTÍFICO!!!RIGOR CIENTÍFICO!!!

Page 31: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

PARADOJAS PARA PENSARPARADOJAS PARA PENSAR

EL “DESARROLLO” PARECE SER UN EL “DESARROLLO” PARECE SER UN TERRIBLE RÉDUCTOR DE LA DIVERSIDAD TERRIBLE RÉDUCTOR DE LA DIVERSIDAD BIOLOGICA, LINGUISTICA Y CULTURAL: BIOLOGICA, LINGUISTICA Y CULTURAL: HASTA DONDE PODEMOS LLEGAR?HASTA DONDE PODEMOS LLEGAR?

FUERTE CORRELACIÓN ENTRE REGIONES DE FUERTE CORRELACIÓN ENTRE REGIONES DE FUERTE DIVERSIDAD BIOLOGICA Y FUERTE DIVERSIDAD BIOLOGICA Y LINGÜÍSTICALINGÜÍSTICA

LOS PAÍSES “RICOS” SON MAS Y MAS LOS PAÍSES “RICOS” SON MAS Y MAS MONOLINGUALES Y LOS PAYS POBRES MONOLINGUALES Y LOS PAYS POBRES PLURILINGUALES!PLURILINGUALES!

Page 32: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

RECOMMENDACIONESRECOMMENDACIONES

• • HACER DEL PLURILINGUISMO UN VALOR EN HACER DEL PLURILINGUISMO UN VALOR EN LOS PAÍSES DESARROLLADOSLOS PAÍSES DESARROLLADOS

• REVISAR RADICALMENTE LA ENSEÑANZA DE • REVISAR RADICALMENTE LA ENSEÑANZA DE LAS LENGUASLAS LENGUAS

Page 33: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

RECOMMENDACIONESRECOMMENDACIONES

• • ENTENDER LA IMPORTANCIA DE LAS ENTENDER LA IMPORTANCIA DE LAS POLITICAS LINGÜÍSTICAS Y EN PARTICULAR POLITICAS LINGÜÍSTICAS Y EN PARTICULAR

VIRTUALESVIRTUALES..

• ENTENDER QUE LA BRECHA DIGITAL NO ES • ENTENDER QUE LA BRECHA DIGITAL NO ES SÓLO UNA CUESTIÓN DE SÓLO UNA CUESTIÓN DE

INFRAESTRUCTURASINFRAESTRUCTURAS..

Page 34: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

LE MONOLINGUISME EST UNE LE MONOLINGUISME EST UNE FORTE LIMITATION DANS LE FORTE LIMITATION DANS LE

MONDE GLOBALISÉ…MONDE GLOBALISÉ…

Y COMPRIS POUR LES ANGLOPHONES!!!Y COMPRIS POUR LES ANGLOPHONES!!!

VOIR L’ÉTUDE DU BRITISH COUNCIL VOIR L’ÉTUDE DU BRITISH COUNCIL “ENGLISH NEXT” “ENGLISH NEXT”

David Graddol, 2006David Graddol, 2006

http://www.britishcouncil.org/files/documents/learning-research-http://www.britishcouncil.org/files/documents/learning-research-english-next.pdfenglish-next.pdf

Page 35: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

English Next’s ForewordEnglish Next’s Foreword

The growth of the use of English as the world’s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades. But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.

Complex international, economic, technological and cultural changes could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market…

…should therefore end any complacency among those who may believe that the global position of English is so unassailable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

Page 36: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

ET LA CARAÏBE DANS TOUT ET LA CARAÏBE DANS TOUT CELA?CELA?

Obstacles à surmonter Obstacles à surmonter

et et

opportunités à ne pas perdre…opportunités à ne pas perdre…

Page 37: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

QUELQUES DONNÉES TROP QUELQUES DONNÉES TROP SOUVENT OUBLIÉESSOUVENT OUBLIÉES

CARAÏBECARAÏBE PAYSPAYS % %

PAYSPAYS% %

POPUL.POPUL.

AnglaiseAnglaise 1818 75%75% 15%15%

EspagnoleEspagnole 33 12.5%12.5% 63%63%

FrançaiseFrançaise 33 12.5%12.5% 22%22%

Page 38: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

CONCLUSION 1/3CONCLUSION 1/3

La diversité linguistique et culturelles, La diversité linguistique et culturelles, à l’intérieur d’une identité commune à l’intérieur d’une identité commune Caraibienne est à la fois un Caraibienne est à la fois un défidéfi et un et un atoutatout..

Un Un défi permamentdéfi permament et une et une prioritépriorité pour pour prétendre construire la société de prétendre construire la société de l’information de la Caraïbe.l’information de la Caraïbe.

Un Un atout majeuratout majeur pour créer une société de la pour créer une société de la connaissance et des savoirs partagés de la connaissance et des savoirs partagés de la Caraïbe.Caraïbe.

Page 39: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

CONCLUSION 2/3CONCLUSION 2/3

Librarians has a Librarians has a key rolekey role to assume to assume for a vision of Information Society for a vision of Information Society centered in Humans, Knowledge and centered in Humans, Knowledge and Sharing.Sharing.

They should in particular take They should in particular take the the leadlead for “information literacy” efforts for “information literacy” efforts with due consideration to diversity with due consideration to diversity and ethics.and ethics.

Page 40: Information and Human Rights : The Social, Cultural and Ethical Aspects of the Information Society

CONCLUSIÓN 3/3CONCLUSIÓN 3/3

En un momento cuando las tensiones se hacen mayores

entre la defensa de la propiedad intelectual y el dominio publico del conocimiento, entre una visión mercantil y monocultural de la sociedad y la explosión de la diversidad,

los profesionales de la información deben tomar el ciberespacio que les

corresponde y retomar la responsabilidad social y

ciudadana de pasarela entre un conocimiento abierto y una ciudadanía educada a la ética y la participación.