information services citations and bibliographies learning resource centre information skills...
TRANSCRIPT
Information Services
Citations and bibliographies
Learning Resource Centre
Information Skills tutorial
Before you begin… This presentation is intended to be
a basic guide only Please check your School’s policy
on referencing – you should find this in your Student handbook
Or consult your tutor
Why reference? to support an argument or claim
you are making to acknowledge other peoples’
ideas or work to show evidence of the breadth
and depth of your own reading to avoid being accused of
plagiarism
Citations referring to other people’s work in
your own work is known as “citing” a list is given at the end of your
work, of all the items you refer to the citations should contain
sufficient information for someone else to be able to trace the item
Citations keep a careful record of all the
items you read as you read them take the details from the title page
or reverse, not the front cover if you keep the list on a computer
you can keep it in alphabetical order
this is known as a bibliography
Reference lists v bibliographies
a reference list is a list of all the items you have mentioned in your essay or work - in alphabetical order
a bibliography is a complete list of all the above PLUS everything you have read around the subject that has helped you to write your essay or work
Bibliographies
use the Harvard referencing system!
links on Google www.google.com – enter Harvard
referencing and click UK only
Books – single author
McCavity, Phil (1980): Dentistry today. London, Association of Dentists.
Books – two authors
Bull, J and M Gate (1989): Breeding dairy cows. London, United Farming Press.
Books – 3 or more authors
Builder, Bob, et al (1993): Construction practice. London, Town House Publications.
et al means “and others” in Latin your tutor may prefer you to list ALL
the authors instead – check first
Corporate authors Put the name of the organisation
as the author:
Institute of Waste Management (1995): Ways to improve recycling. Northampton, Institute of Waste Management.
Books - editors
Beanstalk, Jack (ed.) (1986): Success with vegetables. Oxford, Giant Co.
2 authors from the same year
Put the titles in alphabetical order and call the references a, b, c, etc.
Brett, P. (2002a): Bench joinery. Cheltenham, Stanley Thornes.
Brett, P. (2002b): Site carpentry and joinery level 2. Cheltenham, Stanley Thornes.
A chapter/article within a book
Ewbank, R (1999): “Animal welfare”, in Management and welfare of farm animals. 4th ed, Wheathampstead, Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, p.1-15.
for page numbers, use p.25, pp.94-191 or :94-191 or ,94-191
Journal articles put the title of the article in “quotes” put the name of the Journal in italics
Shaw, Philip (2005): “Estimating local extinction rates over successive time-frames”, Biological Conservation, 121 (2), 281-7.
Newspaper articles same as journal articles but if there is no author (e.g. a short
news item) use the Newspaper name as a corporate author
Guardian, The (2005): “Guardian appeal tops £1.5m”. The Guardian. 19 January 2005, p.2.
A thesis or dissertation similar to a book reference -
Brown, Michael (1980): The problems of making and maintaining a medieval style garden today. M.A. Thesis, Birkbeck.
Reports
similar to a book reference:
Curry, Donald (2002): Farming and food: A sustainable future: Report of the policy commission on the future of food and farming. London, Cabinet Office.
British Standards
British Standards Institute (1984): Nursery stock – Part 4: Specification for forest trees. BS3936-4. London: BSI.
Government publication
Similar to a corporate author reference:
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2004): Improving lamb survival. London, DEFRA.
CD-ROM
The Keyskill Company (1999): Vetlogic: The skeletal system. [CD ROM] Stroud, The Keyskill Company.
WWW document
Dogbreedinfo.com (1998-2005): English Foxhound. [Online] Available from http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/englishfoxhound.htm [Accessed 27 January 2005].
Other types of material...
legislation Patents unpublished material (grey literature) electronic material videos, films e-journals…. etc etc
References and citations within your work
White and Gilbert say “Using a detailed soil strategy is an essential part of the habitat creation planning process” (White and Gilbert, 2003, p.55).
OR: White and Gilbert (2003) point out that a soil strategy is a necessary part of planning.
Use 3 dots … for a word/part of a word within a direct quote to show where you are missing out sections/words of the quote (4 dots …. If the omission includes a full stop).
Citing references to resources you have not actually seen
state in your text that Colin Smith (Gibbs and Carroll, 1978, p.7) says “…….”
put the Gibbs and Carroll book and page number(s) in your bibliography
If you can’t find the details
author not given [anon] no place (sine loco) [s.l.] no publisher (sine nomine)[s.n.] no date [n.d.] not known [n.k.]
With thanks to…..
Learning Resources Services, UCN (2003): Referencing guide questions and answers - the Harvard system. University of Northampton. http://library.northampton.ac.uk/subjects/subject.php?sid=28&pid=1 [Accessed 8 December 2006].
The Library, University of Sheffield (2000): Writing a bibliography. [Online] Available from www.shef.ac.uk/library/libdocs/hsl-dvc1.pdf [Accessed 2 September 2005].
Thank you!
Learning Resource Centre
Information Services