information technology advances in...

Information Technology Advancesin Libraries

PREFACEThis white paper is intended to describe information technology ad-

vances that have enhanced the ability of libraries to serve their com-

munities, lower their costs, and fully participate in the new networked

world. As one of the leading technology providers to libraries,

museums, and the educational community, Sun Microsystems has

participated in these advances and is pleased to support continued

progress.

Through publications, grants, library association support, joint pro-

jects with solution partners and customers, the Knowledge Enterprise

Special Interest Group, and other efforts, Sun Microsystems will

continue to support the library and museum communities. Sun will

also remain committed to sharing best practices among institutions

and fostering best-of-breed software solutions for our more than 2,000

library industry customers.

We hope this white paper provides helpful information for our library,

museum, and education customers.

Thank you for your continued support!

Art Pasquinelli, Manager, Knowledge Enterprise

Global Education and Research

Sun Microsystems, Inc.

[email protected]

January 2003

Digital Library Technology Trends

Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Front Cover

Part 1. Libraries and Information Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

• Evolution of Library Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

• Library Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

• New Library Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Part 2. Library Industry Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

• MARC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

• Z39.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

• Encoded Archival Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

• Open Archives Initiative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

• OpenURL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

• Dublin Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

• Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Part 3. The Sun Advantage for Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

• Commitment to Open Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

• Services on Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

• Mobile and Wireless Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

• Links to E-Learning and Digital Asset Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

• Return on Investment in Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

• Sun’s Commitment to Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Part 4. Sun Library Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

• Knowledge Enterprise Consortium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

• White Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

• Sun Library Solution Portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

• Success Stories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Appendix - Sun Library Solution Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

C O N T E N T S

Part 1. Libraries and Information Technology

Evolution of Library Automation

In the early 1970s, libraries began to adopt software applications to allow them to

perform specific functions more efficiently. These applications were frequently devel-

oped by the university or research institution with some cooperation from commercial

software and hardware firms. In time, these systems became more widespread and the

benefits more evident. There was an increase in both the number of vendors and the

number of automated functions. At the same time, computer power increased while

costs declined.

The next phase of library automation combined several library activities into one

integrated system, allowing librarians to perform almost all their functions online. This

produced the turnkey systems commonly known as Integrated Library Systems (or ILS)

that subsequently dominated library management and service functions. Data entered

once could be used in multiple ways, which increased efficiency and accuracy.

These integrated software applications were introduced to the marketplace using

minicomputers capable of processing Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC) records, a

national standard record format on flat files.1 During the 1980s many library vendors

began to offer host-terminal applications, thus launching the era of one-way network-

ing over communications networks. At this stage, the hardware, operating system, and

application software were proprietary and permitted little customization or sharing

between academic institutions and their users.

The transition from large scale computing technologies to microcomputers was well

under way by the mid-1980s. This trend required re-education of the library and sys-

tems IT staff, which added significant cost to libraries. Three changes followed: different

library application providers, more powerful technologies, and software applications

and networking configurations that were no longer developed in-house.

Libraries of all types began utilizing new application systems to automate resource

sharing. Union Catalogs and Inter-Library Loan modules were developed by library soft-

ware vendors to allow cooperating institutions to combine their catalogs and allow

patrons of one library to request and borrow materials from linked institutions. These

technologies fostered the growth of library consortia and the extension of offerings

beyond the organizational boundaries of individual libraries.

As the 1980s ended, libraries and computing centers were tackling communications,

relational databases, and information distribution challenges. It became key for univer-

Sun Microsystems, Inc. 1

1 See Part 2 for more information on the MARC standard.

Digital Library Technology Trends2

sities to provide their campuses with communication technologies that wired libraries,

classrooms, and dormitories. The wiring of universities for networking was a prerequi-

site for accessing local intranet and external Internet database resources. Intranets

provided campus connectivity using TCP/IP communication standards. This permitted

interconnectivity of computing resources: servers, PC desktops, and terminals.

The 1990s saw greater use of campus communication infrastructures and commer-

cial communication systems to create and store information and then to deliver it from

libraries to end users. Similar technology advances came later to school and public

library systems.

In the past decade, the role of library administration has shifted because of political

changes within the academic community. Campus administrators increasingly see the

university library as an integral part of the campus technology and curriculum delivery

infrastructure, resulting in the library competing for the same budget dollars as acad-

emic instructional units and the campus Information Technology (IT) group. Coopera-

tive efforts between the library, administrative, and academic organizations became

more common, leading to joint decisions on technology directions.

Large databases from periodical, magazine, and journal publishers became increas-

ingly available in digital format — at first on CD-ROM; later via online services.2 Library

services are transitioning from local traditional collections to global resources provided

on demand via the most advanced networking technologies. Today, library collections are

used by people on campus as well as by individuals who are not even located on the

library’s physical facilities. Thus, individuals associated with a given institution and ac-

cessing resources from afar need new electronic interface tools. As a result, professional

librarians must be computer literate and knowledgeable about Internet technologies to

fully participate in the planning, design, and implementation of future library services.

Library Issues

Numerous issues face libraries today. Libraries of all types are challenged to provide

greater information access and improved levels of service, while coping with the pace of

technological change and ever-increasing budget pressure.

The need for staff trained in technology as well as the traditional library disciplines

has increased the cost of attracting and retaining staff. Investments in continuing edu-

cation are required as well as boosts in compensation for new employees so that libraries

can compete with corporate employers.

2 One example of electronic publishing is Stanford University’s HighWire Press. HighWire Press now

publishes over 300 scientific and technical journals electronically using Java and Web technology

(http://www.highwire.org).


An increasing amount of information is being made available all the time. At the

same time, both physical and digital subscription resources are increasing in volume

and cost, while acquisition budgets are under pressure to keep up with the explosion of

content.

Library users have grown accustomed to using the Internet as a research tool and

do not always appreciate the difference in quality of information available through a

library’s specialized collections, especially when compared to what can be located

through an Internet search engine. Thus, libraries with substantial collections of in-

formation often find those collections underused if the user interface is not designed

to make it easy to locate information of interest.

The vast array of new technologies and tools can be daunting to introduce into library

environments. Although the benefits may be significant, many libraries do not have the

capability of maintaining and upgrading a complex environment over time. In addition,

there is a significant demand for standards-based, open systems that easily integrate.

Widespread use of the Internet has heightened users’ expectations. Access to library

digital information is expected all the time, from anywhere. This is forcing a shift in

role from repository to gateway, with users expecting online libraries that can provide

round the clock service. As a result, connectivity and availability are critical service

elements.

In higher education, libraries are now being asked to work closely with all parts of

the institution to develop campus-wide portal and content management and delivery

strategies.

In summary, technology is changing the nature of libraries and librarians, and it

continues to exert a major influence on the strategic direction of libraries in society.

New Library Technologies

Traditional Integrated Library System (ILS) products commonly include modules that

perform:

• Acquisitions: tracking the purchase of materials through ordering, claiming, re-

ceiving, invoicing, and processing.

• Cataloging: creating catalog records.

• Circulation: allowing librarians to check materials in and out, place renewals or

holds, and enter payments.

• Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC): an electronic record of holding, bibliographic,

and item information.

• Serials: automating ordering, receipt, routing, and renewals of all serial subscrip-

tions.

Information Technology Advances in Libraries4

There have been tremendous improvements in the capability of ILS software prod-

ucts; at the same time, entirely new library technology tools have been created in re-

sponse to the growth of electronic library resources, as described below. Many of these

enhancements were influenced by the advanced capabilities of commercial Internet

bookstores, which have made huge investments in personalization, content, and func-

tionality.

Digitization and Digital Media Management

With the advent of the Internet, individuals’ expectations for access to information

have increased dramatically. It is no longer considered practical or acceptable to travel

to a specific location during certain hours to locate needed information. Library pa-

trons are not satisfied to locate an item of interest that is housed at yet another phys-

ical location, request the item, and then wait days or weeks for the item to arrive at the

building where it was requested. Patrons increasingly expect instant access to all the

information resources they require, from any location, at any time, and from any de-

vice. This trend has propelled the digitization of physical documents and their storage

in multimedia management systems, accessible via browser from any location.

Libraries wishing to digitize their own collections must make use of digital media

management technologies to:

• Convert content from physical to digital form.

• Extract or create metadata or indexing information describing the content to

facilitate searching and discovery.

• Store digital content and metadata in an appropriate multimedia repository.

• Deliver content via file transfer or streaming media.

A number of ILS vendors have developed specialized multimedia management appli-

cations to provide a packaged solution tailored to the needs of libraries. Alternately,

some libraries choose a generalized multimedia management solution and tailor it to

their specific needs. Digital Library Technology Trends, a Sun White Paper,3 discusses

theses alternatives and describes many of the best-of-breed solutions available for

digital library applications.

The Expanded OPAC

The OPAC has become more accessible to library patrons through Web interfaces,

allowing them to access the library catalog from any location through a standard

browser. The most advanced OPACs today provide enriched content related to library

holdings, such as depictions of cover art, tables of contents, summaries, and reviews

3 Visit www.sun.com/edu/whitepapers/pdf/digital_library_trends.pdf.


through links to commercial information providers. Some expanded OPACs also pro-

vide access to collections of selected and cataloged web sites.

Broadcast Searching

The growth in the number and volume of electronic resources has created a new

problem: how can the average library user identify the best resources to search for de-

sired information and learn to navigate the disparate user interfaces to make effective

queries? In many cases, when libraries have invested significant sums to make com-

mercial databases available to their patrons, they have experienced very low utilization

of those resources. Faced with large numbers of potential sources and interfaces, many

users revert to the ease of using well-known Internet search engines – even though the

quality of information returned is usually poorer than that available through specifi-

cally focused subscription databases.

New broadcast search4 tools eliminate the need for the user to make repetitive

searches in different databases and present a single user interface for all searches. With

a single query, a library patron can search many different sources simultaneously. These

tools can be single protocol or multi-protocol. Single protocol products translate search

queries into a standard format, such as Z39.50 (see page 7). Multi-protocol products

translate search queries into the native language and protocol expected by each data

source.

Some broadcast search products offer additional capabilities such as deduplication of

results; filtering, sorting, storage and re-execution of searches; and categorization of

results. Some libraries have implemented broadcast search tools in such a way that the

libraries’ own holdings can be searched along with other electronic resources, allowing

the search tool to replace the OPAC and act as a portal to all library resources.

Reference Linking

Reference linking software provides a means of intelligently navigating from one

piece of information to other related information of interest. This saves the user time

and allows discovery of more information related to a user’s interest. Linking from a

bibliographic record to full text is a common linking function, as is clicking on an

author in a citation to perform a search for other works by the same author.

The OpenURL standard is evolving as a vendor-neutral standard for linking among

online resources. A number of companies have announced their intention of offering

OpenURL solutions. (See page 9.)

4 Also referred to as single search, meta search, or federated search.


Personalized Portals

A major library technology trend is the desire to integrate all library resources and

services behind a single Internet presence with personalization features, allowing pa-

trons a customized view into the library. This would allow, for example:

• A single point of authentication to validate access permissions and enable links to

available resources.

• The ability for patrons to design a customized view of their favorite information

sources.

• The ability to save searches or hits and develop custom views of resources.

• The ability to automatically re-perform stored searches on a timer and place the

results in a private work area for further use.

• The ability to alert the user to new books or articles of interest based on the user’s

specific interests.

• The ability to view account information, renew books, check requests, etc.

Although few library portals include this complete set of functionality, there are many

instances of personalized library portals. An Internet search for “My Library” will yield

millions of results from this type of portal implementation.

Virtual Reference Services

With users increasingly using library resources from remote locations, traditional

reference desks have also had to change the way they serve library users. Researchers

no longer want to stop work and travel to the library to utilize reference services. Also,

the limited hours of a traditional reference service is not consistent with the expecta-

tions of users who have grown used to the convenience and constant accessibility of

information on the Internet. E-mail could be used as a substitute for face-to-face in-

quiries, but this introduced delays and the need to clarify requests.

New virtual (or digital) reference services now marry email, Web browser, and chat

technologies in real time to allow users to access reference desk services through a

computer connection in much the same way as users would traditionally interact with

a reference librarian. Digital reference desk technology enables a researcher to begin an

interview with a reference librarian remotely, converse in real time to clarify the in-

quiry, and get an immediate response. Experiences to date show a large percentage of

activity outside of “normal” library operating hours.


Part 2. Library Industry Standards

MARC

MAchine-Readable Cataloguing (MARC) is a standard format for the storage and ex-

change of bibliographic records. Designed by the Library of Congress in the late 1960s,

MARC allowed libraries to convert their card catalogs into a digital format. All MARC

Standards conform to ISO 2709:1996 Information and documentation, “Format for In-

formation Exchange.” The advantages of having computerized card catalogs were soon

realized, and now various versions of MARC are being used by all types of libraries

around the world to provide computerized access to their collections.

Despite international cooperation, differing versions of the MARC standard evolved,

including UKMARC, INTERMARC, and USMARC, which diverged owing to different na-

tional cataloguing practices and requirements.

In 1977 the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutes (IFLA)

published UNIMARC: Universal MARC format, which stated, “The primary purpose of

UNIMARC is to facilitate the international exchange of data in machine-readable form

between national bibliographic agencies.” A second edition followed in 1980 and a

UNIMARC Handbook was published in 1983. All of these focused primarily on the

cataloguing of monographs and serials and took advantage of international progress

towards the standardization of bibliographic information reflected in the International

Standard Bibliographic Descriptions (ISBDs).

The Library of Congress and the National Library of Canada announced the harmo-

nization of the USMARC and CAN/MARC formats in early 1999 under the name MARC

21. MARC 21 has also been selected as the strategic format for the British Library.5

Z39.50

One of the early difficulties in making use of networked information was the need to

understand the specific organization of information in a collection of interest. The re-

quirement for a common search protocol that would solve this problem was apparent

as libraries sought to share networked resources. The standard Z39.50 was developed as

a client/server-based protocol for searching and retrieving information from any re-

mote database.

Z39.50 was originally proposed in 1984. Since then, three versions have been re-

leased: in 1988, 1992 and 1995. Based on the MARC standard for bibliographic records,

5 See http://www.loc.gov/marc/ and http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/ubcim.htm for more information on MARC

21 and UNIMARC.


Z39.50 standardizes basic search and retrieval functions, which has created many op-

portunities: extended services for ordering documents, updating databases and storing

searches can be defined and controlled via Z39.50, and many other library processes

such as Inter-Library Loan can become “open”. Vendors have been able to develop many

tools to exploit the value of stored information utilizing this standard.6

Encoded Archival Description

Development of the Encoded Archival Description (EAD) standard began in 1993 with

a project at the Library of the University of California, Berkeley. The goal of the project

was to investigate the desirability and feasibility of developing an encoding standard

for machine-readable finding aids such as inventories, registers, indices, and other

documents created by archives, libraries, museums, and manuscript repositories. The

project grew from the need to include information beyond what was provided by MARC

records. Participation increased and a prototype standard was released in 1996.

Work on EAD continues. As a potential international standard, EAD is maintained in

the Network Development and MARC Standards Office of the Library of Congress in

partnership with the Society of American Archivists.7

Open Archives Initiative

The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) grew out of the “e-print” community, which pro-

motes and maintains web-accessible collections of scholarly papers. The goal of these e-

print collections was to reduce the cycle times for refereeing and publishing scholarly

works, making them freely and quickly accessible to the academic community. The

initial goal of the OAI was to develop interoperability frameworks to allow shared or

federated access to e-print archives. The concepts in the OAI interoperability frame-

work, however, have broader applications in opening up access to a range of digital

content.

The OAI architecture defines a mechanism for “harvesting” or exporting XML (Exten-

sible Markup Language)-formatted metadata in repositories on demand (see page 11).

This is a different path than the distributed search methodology of Z39.50 information

retrieval. This was meant to correct some difficulties encountered in the implementa-

tion of Z39.50; for example, different servers interpreting queries in different ways

partly due to a lack of specificity in the standard, performance constraints, and scaling

problems.8

6 More information on the Z39.50 standard can be found at http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/.

7 The official EAD website is located at lcweb.loc.gov/ead/.

8 The Open Archives Initiative website is located at http://www.openarchives.org.


OpenURL

OpenURL is a specific type of reference linking process that packages metadata and

identifiers that describe information objects, and points to a specific institution’s link-

resolution server or “resolver.” The resolver can accept this packaged data, combine it

with institutional information, and turn the data into actual links. Using the informa-

tion in the OpenURL, the resolver creates a menu of local services that is delivered to

the end user. This “context sensitivity” enables links to be based on what is available at

each individual institution. What started as a single-vendor proprietary service became

a multiple-vendor NISO standard in 2002.9

Dublin Core

An important emerging descriptive metadata standard for images and other multi-

media objects is Dublin Core, a group of 15 items of information designed to be simple

to understand and use. Dublin Core was designed to provide a very widely accepted

mechanism to allow discovery, but with the option for different communities of users

to adapt and customize it by adding more fields of particular importance to the com-

munity. In this way, the same base standard can be used for a wide variety of purposes

and business models.10

Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard

An important emerging standard for interoperability of digital collections is the

Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS), which provides a uniform

framework for managing and transmitting digital objects. The Making of America II

project (MOA2) developed an encoding format for descriptive, administrative, and

structural metadata for textual and image-based works. Supported by the Digital Li-

brary Federation and the Library of Congress, METS builds upon the work of MOA2. It

provides a format for encoding metadata necessary for both management of digital

library objects within a repository and exchange of such objects between repositories

(or between repositories and their users). Leading academic and research libraries are

citing METS as an important standard for digital library interoperability and seem to

be rallying behind this standard.11

9 More information can be found at http://www.niso.org/committees/committee_ax.html.

10 The Dublin Core website is located at http://dublincore.org.

11 The official website for METS is located at http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/


Part 3. The Sun Advantage for Libraries

The largest libraries in the world, including the Library of Congress, the Russian

State Library, the libraries at the University of California at Berkeley, Harvard Univer-

sity, Yale University, and Oxford University, run on hardware and software from Sun

Microsystems. This presence in the library market is driven by the superior scalability

and reliability of the Sun platform, strong relationships with best-of-breed library soft-

ware vendors, and investment in the education community. Sun is also emerging as

the choice for large university digital library environments, such as the innovative

work being done at Cornell University, which is a Sun Center of Excellence for Digital

Libraries.

As libraries shift from physical to digital collections, from repository to gateway, Sun’s

network-centric computing technologies provide the ideal platform for the library of

tomorrow. Sun has had a consistent vision of open, standards-based network compu-

ting ever since the company was founded in 1982. Its first workstation product incor-

porated the TCP/IP standard, now known as the basis for global communications.

Sun’s history of innovation and leadership stretches from the TCP/IP communica-

tions protocol that propels the Internet to the widely adopted Java™ technology—used

in everything from smart cards to supercomputers.

Commitment to Open Standards

Just as the library community has been dedicated to the cooperative development of

standards such as MARC, Dublin Core, and some of the other standards discussed in

Part 2 of this White Paper, Sun is committed to open standards for hardware and soft-

ware. From the beginning, Sun’s product strategy has been based on industry standards

including Berkeley UNIX®, TCP/IP, Ethernet, and the VME bus. Sun’s senior engineering

staff work with more than eighty standards groups worldwide, ranging from industry

consortia to formal standards organizations. An open, standards-based approach de-

livers powerful benefits to users: innovation and cost-effectiveness through competi-

tion, and flexibility and ease of integration of solutions.

Open standards address long-term, strategic industry issues, not simply the short-

term, tactical objectives of a single stakeholder. Successful standards expand the oppor-

tunities for the entire industry while providing users with long-term stability for

technology. Standards also provide a sound foundation on which users can base their

strategic business decisions. Open standards enable the industry to move forward from

a common base of technology. They make interfaces available to the entire community

of developers, resulting in encouragement for continuing innovation built upon the


standard. When the market grows, the underlying standards expand and adapt with

market-based innovation. As time passes, the standard evolves to incorporate those in-

novations, making them a part of a new common base of technology.

The role of standards is critical as we move to an era of Web services, which is the logi-

cal extension of Sun’s founding vision of open network computing. Web services bring us

what we need, when we need it, no matter where we are, through any type of device. These

smart services also understand these elements of context and tailor results accordingly.

This vision of open computing without barriers is becoming a reality in large part be-

cause of key technology standards championed by Sun and broadly adopted, including:

• Java™. With most programming languages, one either compiles or interprets a

program so it can run on a particular type of computer. With the Java program-

ming language, developed by Sun in 1995, a program is both compiled and

interpreted. This makes “write once, run anywhere” possible. A program can be

compiled on any platform that has a Java compiler. It can then be run on any

implementation of the Java Virtual Machine (VM). That means that as long as a

computer has a Java VM, the same program written in the Java programming

language can run on a desktop computer operating on Windows 2000, a Solaris

workstation, or on an iMac.

• XML. Extensible Markup Language, as identified above, is a simple, very flexible

text format derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) (ISO

8879). Jon Bosak, a Sun Distinguished Engineer, headed the team that developed

XML. This standard for classifying, structuring, and encoding data allows compa-

nies and services to exchange information more easily and efficiently. Originally

designed to meet the challenges of large-scale electronic publishing, XML is also

playing an increasingly important role in the exchange of a wide variety of data

on the Web and elsewhere. The combination of Java and XML creates the only uni-

versal platform for exchanging logic and data – the basis for Web services.

• SOAP. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a simple protocol for exchanging

structured information between peers in a decentralized, distributed environ-

ment. It is an XML-based protocol that consists of three parts: an envelope that

defines a framework for describing what is in a message and how to process it, a

set of encoding rules for expressing instances of application-defined data types,

and a convention for representing remote procedure calls and responses.

• UDDI. The Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) project is

creating a platform-independent, open framework for describing services, discov-

ering businesses, and integrating business services using the Internet. The UDDI

protocol will enable businesses to quickly, easily and dynamically find and trans-

act with one another.


Services on Demand

CIOs are actively seeking the next generation of integration technologies that will

not only simplify the task of integration within the knowledge enterprise and support

business process management beyond the firewall, but will facilitate increased usage

by students and faculty. In many institutions, the library has become a focal point for

developing new, shared information services architectures since the science of librari-

anship is focused on information management.

Sun has spent two decades evangelizing the vision “The Network is the Computer™”.

Today, that concept provides the most viable approach for education institutions to

create a seamless foundation to meet emerging demands. Sun™ Open Net Environment

(Sun ONE) provides the vision, architecture, product line, and expertise to enable de-

livery of the next-generation of services on demand. From the registrar’s office to the

library, it is key to lay a robust, integratable and multi-platform foundation with limited

resources. Using this foundation, institutions can deliver a variety of services based on

access to digital assets or legacy DARTs (data, applications, reports, and transactions).

Educational institutions are under escalating pressure to show better returns from in-

frastructure and application investments—and to deliver a return on those investments

faster and earlier in the application lifecycle. As a result, there is a growing trend to-

wards application and integration servers that simplify the task of integrating dis-

parate enterprise applications and databases.

Enterprise applications, such as human resources and financial management sys-

tems, along with legacy information systems such as library automation, have long

been the center of the education environment. However, these applications were

designed to meet specific functional requirements—not to support today’s multi-

device, multi-application, multi-channel e-business processes. Application integration

is essential for linking these enterprise systems. Unfortunately, most first-generation

application integration initiatives were focused internally. They relied on proprietary

technologies, point-to-point integration, extensive “one-off” projects, and hard-coding.

However, the widespread adoption of open standards has laid the groundwork for a new

generation of integrated solutions

The Sun ONE architecture was engineered to support and deliver the “DART” back-

bone of higher education in an integrated fashion:

• Data is the information that is meaningful to an organization’s constituents.

• Applications include both off-the-shelf integration functionality and environ-

ments for customization.

• Reports that are dynamically generated and converted for anywhere access.

• Transactions that include both person-to-person and machine-to-machine.


Whether mainframe-based or deployed over the Web, these four DART resources

subsume the IT needs of education. The goal of the Sun ONE platform is to provide a

more flexible, cost-effective environment where DARTs can be developed, deployed, dis-

covered, and utilized as services via a reliable, secure, and available infrastructure. This

goal is realized through the use of open standards, robust software, and hardware

components that create an integratable stack for implementing Web services.

Mobile and Wireless Services

Imagine a student sitting in the old library building able to access all of the campus

portals and applications without plugging into the network. At educational institutions

like the University of British Columbia, there are installations of campus-wide wireless

networks that provide instant Internet access using wireless LAN or WLAN technology.

The goal is to provide wireless Internet connectivity for students and faculty without

having to spend money on expensive wiring.

Until recently, the lack of technical standards, few client devices, and high cost all

relegated the deployment of wireless Internet networks to experimental status. This is

changing quickly as campuses are actively looking at the deployment of a wireless

Ethernet network to augment existing wired networks. Libraries are among the most

keenly interested in these wireless developments both because of the demands of their

users as well as the frequent difficulty of wiring in library facilities that are often older.

As students increasingly use wireless laptops and PDAs, the burden on back-office

applications and the need for open, robust, and secure infrastructure escalates.

Links to E-Learning and Digital Asset Management

Most universities and colleges are adopting a multi-faceted strategy with digital con-

tent. That is, they are becoming users, developers, and distribution channels for diverse

content types. For example, Massachusetts Institute of Technology has committed to

make materials from all of its courses freely available on the Web for non-commercial

use in its OpenCourseWare (OCW) project. The OCW initiative reflects a growing trend

towards collaborative content creation and dissemination.

The implications of the Web as a channel for inter-university content collaboration

are quite significant. For instance, training curricula from SAP, Oracle, Cisco Systems,

Sun, and others are being delivered to educational institutions for use as courseware.

Making this inter-university content exchange happen will require a significant invest-

ment in digital assets creation and rights management. Some areas of impact include:

• New teaching approaches. Possibilities include access to laboratory instruments,

new software tools for testing, and new multi-disciplinary tools for interactive


teaching, such as tutoring and mentoring.

• Integrating high performance computing concepts throughout university edu-

cation. Examples include bioinformatics, collaborative engineering design, 3D

imaging in surgical training, the study of complex systems, and the creation of

compute-intensive curricula.

• Addressing continuous education for alumni and business executives using

multimedia. This includes video, audio books, music, text, and images.

In many universities, e-learning trends are converging with similar work being

undertaken within the library to move to a digital information delivery model. The

lines between library information resource and course content are blurring. The most

forward-thinking organizations are linking these efforts to create a unified knowledge

enterprise with university-wide digital asset management strategies.

Return on Investment in Web Services

Similar to corporations, the value chain of a technology-enabled university or college

consists of four categories of participants: partners, back office, front office, and cus-

tomers. The participants rely on shared infrastructure services provided by the univer-

sity IT group in the value creation process. The Sun ONE infrastructure cuts across the

entire value chain and impacts the various participants. Therefore, the return on in-

vestment of Sun ONE is an aggregation of the benefits derived by students, faculty, and

administrative constituencies.

With a Sun ONE infrastructure, students can access a range of online services in-

cluding registration, tuition payment, online course pages, Web-based e-mail, student

Web pages, personalized news, and secure, class-specific chat and message boards. This

integrated access to information and services offers two key benefits: time savings and

convenience.

Faculty members save significant time by being able to complete tasks such as re-

viewing class enrollment lists, checking the academic progress of students, and submit-

ting grades without having to repetitively login to different systems. Data used by one

application can be re-used by others.

In the absence of unlimited budgets, leveraging legacy system investments can be a

very valuable option for educational institutions. Sun ONE offers scalable and reliable

integration with an institution’s legacy systems. Furthermore, with iPlanet application

and integration servers, Sun ONE dramatically reduces the cost of ownership of inte-

gration solutions, as an institution does not have to invest the vast amount of human

and other resources necessary to build these from scratch.

Perhaps the most important benefit is that Sun ONE lays the foundation for future

services that the university or college can offer. As the Web extends to include hand-


held devices, information and services can be delivered to users anytime, anywhere. To

this end, a computing model based on the Services on Demand vision promises even

better cross-university integration, improved efficiency, and closer community and

student relationships.

Sun’s Commitment to Libraries

Sun has long been a member and supporter of organizations such as the American

Library Association (ALA), the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA),

and the National Information Standards Organization (NISO). More importantly, Sun

actively participates and invests in library industry initiatives. As the following exam-

ples illustrate, Sun has undertaken many projects with library and museum partners.

Cornell Center of Excellence for Digital Libraries

Research libraries are at the center of a revolution in the creation, publication, and

distribution of digitally processed information. Increasingly, libraries license and man-

age access to thousands of electronic publications and information services. They

create digital collections based on their own holdings and virtual collections by com-

bining unique materials worldwide. The Cornell University Library has been a pioneer

in such initiatives for more than a decade, which led to its recognition as a Sun Center

of Excellence for Digital Libraries.

In association with Endeavor Information Systems, Sun’s technology serves as the

platform for development of Endeavor’s “ENCompass” product and the product’s deploy-

ment with Endeavor’s development partner, Cornell University. One of the first full-

featured digital library solutions, ENCompass makes it possible for libraries to digitize

their collections through the use of a standard commercial package, thereby lowering

costs to libraries. Associate University Librarian H. Thomas Hickerson notes, “Our com-

bined relationship with Sun and Endeavor is particularly compelling as it allows us to

move forward in realizing a new model for research libraries.”

LOCKSS Project

Sun and Stanford University have joined the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the

National Science Foundation to develop the LOCKSS (“Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe”)

program. The goal of this undertaking is to develop a secure, reliable system that safe-

guards and preserves access to digital publications.

LOCKSS was designed to make it feasible and affordable, even for smaller libraries, to

preserve access to the e-journals to which they subscribe, and to safeguard their com-

munity’s access to them. Individual libraries can also monitor the level of redundancy


within the system. A total of 49 libraries, including the Library of Congress, are cur-

rently running Linux systems with the LOCKSS software as part of a long-term test.

“We are immensely grateful to our several supporters for recognizing the potential of

LOCKSS to serve libraries and publishers as part or all of a comprehensive digital ar-

chive methodology,” said Michael A. Keller, Stanford University Librarian. “This joint pro-

gram between Sun and Stanford is a fine example of academic-industry cooperation;

Sun has not only provided funds, but has made its brilliant engineering talent available

to the project.”

Sun ONE Personalization Services at the J. Paul Getty Museum

Using the Sun ONE vision as a basis, Sun and the J. Paul Getty Museum together

mapped out detailed quality-of-service requirements and are now developing an end-

to-end wireless application and platform infrastructure architecture. Once in the hands

of the museum visitor, the finished product will act as both a navigational device and

a resource to explore the museum’s collections, architecture and gardens.

“While museums around the world have invested significant resources to digitize

records and web-enable content, we’re among the first to integrate personal manage-

ment of information about the collections before, during, and after a visit in a way that

will enhance our visitors’ direct experience of works of art,” said Ken Hamma, Assistant

Director for Collections Information at the Getty Museum. “Sun has been a trusted

technology advisor to us for nearly five years. With its state-of-the-art technologies and

thought leadership, we knew Sun was the right choice to build a reliable, stable and

open network architecture to support these new, personalized services.”

The application services will be based on a standards-based network, with non-propri-

etary building blocks powered by iPlanet Application Server, iPlanet Web Server, Enter-

prise Edition, iPlanet Directory Server, and Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE™,

residing on Sun servers running the Solaris™ 8 Operating Environment. The open net-

work architecture is designed to help avoid the costly roadblocks of a closed, propri-

etary application framework, thus extending the life and value of the investment over

a longer period of time.


Part 4. Sun Library Resources

Sun provides a number of services and information resources through its Digital

Library and Museums Community of Interest. The gateway to these resources can be

found at www.sun.com/edu/libraries. The following sections describe some of the key

resources available.

Knowledge Enterprise Consortium

The Knowledge Enterprise Consortium aims to keep Sun customers and other inter-

ested librarians, CIOs, and academic eLearning officers up-to-date with relevant Sun

technology and open standards initiatives, to provide support for the user community,

and to provide a forum to discuss recent developments. Librarians can subscribe via

the www.sun.com/edu website.

The consortium conducts its activities by an e-mail alias, website, and meetings.

Members of the consortium benefit from:

• Information about Sun’s Strategic Programs for Education, which include Sun

Centers of Excellence and Academic Equipment Grants.

• Notice and potential inclusion in Sun events, publications, and projects.

• Introduction and access to new software vendors.

• Introduction and access to new Sun technologies.

• The potential for worldwide publicity for their projects.

• Increased opportunities for collaboration with other educational institutions

around the world.

• Analysis of and guidance on new trends in digital asset management/digital

media management/content management.

• Access to Sun for informal advice on trends and standards.

White Papers

Sun has produced the following White Papers, which discuss issues pertinent to the

digital library:

• Digital Library Technology Trends. This document describes the technology trends

in digital libraries, discusses key issues involved in digital library implementation,

and provides profiles of some of today’s leading digital library programs.

• The Digital Library Toolkit. This document addresses some of the leading ques-

tions that academic institutions, public libraries, government agencies, and mu-

seums face in trying to develop, manage, and distribute digital content.


Sun Library Solution Portfolio

The software vendors included in this document provide best-of-breed library soft-

ware applications, technology, and services.

Success Stories

These case descriptions provide outstanding examples of the application of infor-

mation technology in libraries and illustrate beneficial partnerships among Sun, cus-

tomers, and library solution providers.


A P P E N D I X

Appendix - Sun Library Solution Partners

Artesia Technologies

700 King Farm Blvd., Suite 400

Rockville, MD 20850

Phone: (301) 548-4000

Fax: (301) 548-4015

www.artesia.com

TEAMS

The premier digital asset management solution by Artesia Technologies, Inc.

provides the infrastructure allowing libraries/digital libraries and e-learning programs

to effectively manage and use an extremely broad range of rich-media asset types

such as: narrative, text-based content, HTML documents, streaming audio and video

files, satellite imagery and telemetry, and 3D vector image renderings. Powerful search

and retrieval functionality within TEAMS is critical for enabling users to effectively

wade through massive catalogs of mixed-media types.

With the growing importance and pervasiveness of rich media content in higher

learning, libraries and e-learning programs throughout the world face a significant

challenge in offering increasingly mobile, demanding users access to these learning

resources. TEAMS, Artesia Technologies’ award-winning and proven solution, is unique

in its ability to offer singular management of all rich media throughout an enterprise

via an intuitive, Web-based front-end accessing an enterprise-class back-end. It is

simple enough for anyone to use, yet powerful enough to meet the growing needs of

world-class educational institutions and organizations

Languages:

English, French, German, Spanish, any singlebyte language

Geographic Coverage:

Worldwide


A P P E N D I X

Endeavor Information Systems

2200 E. Devon Avenue, Suite 382

Des Plaines, IL 60018

Phone: (847) 296-2200

Fax: (847) 296-5636

www.endinfosys.com

Endeavor designs library management systems for the changing needs of academic

and research libraries of every size. Endeavor’s suite of information solutions makes

the digital library a reality.

Voyager

Endeavor’s Voyager product seamlessly integrates what is needed in next-generation

systems: client/server architecture, open systems, UNIX platforms, RDMS graphical

staff and patron interfaces, and Z39.50 connections, providing full access to the net-

worked world.

ImageServer, Citation Server and Media Scheduling

Image Server, Citation Server and Media Scheduling offer complete access to the

library’s networked resources.

ENCompass

Endeavor’s digital library management system applies new standards like XML and

EAD to describe, index, and search a variety of electronic resources. Endeavor gives the

keys to integrate all of a user’s resources, regardless of location or format.

Languages:

Available in English, OPAC supports CKJ and Unicode. The system can be translated

into any language


Worldwide


A P P E N D I X

epixtech

400 West 5050 North

Provo, Utah 84604

Toll Free: (800) 288-8020

Phone: (801) 223-5200

Fax (801) 223-5202

www.epixtech.com

Dynix broke new ground for libraries in the eighties and nineties, and continues to

serve millions of users every day worldwide. Dynix iPAC 2.0 allows users to access your

library catalog, community information, CD-ROM applications, and a myriad of library-

defined, web-based resources with easy-to-use text, web interfaces. The PAC launcher

combined with iPAC combines access to your library catalog with any PC applications

offered within the library.

Horizon Sunrise has expanded on this success by adding the latest in product archi-

tectures, workflows and processes. Horizon Sunrise is designed to help libraries cus-

tomize their workflow and eliminate repetitive tasks and sets new standards in staff

efficiency and ease of use. Through the application launcher, all library applications

are instantly and continuously accessible from the desktop. There is no need to open

and close modules, search for utilities or applications, or switch between applications.

Horizon Sunrise 7.2 Cataloging also introduces record ownership tracking for con-

sortia environments maintaining independent cataloging records. In Acquisitions,

Horizon Sunrise 7.2 supports greater efficiency using the “enhanced EDIFACT” standard

to create item records for preprocessed materials without staff intervention.


Worldwide


A P P E N D I X

Ex Libris (USA), Inc.

1919 N. Sheffield

Chicago, IL 60614

Toll Free:(877) 527-1689

Phone: (773) 404-55527

Fax: (773) 404-5601

www.exlibris-usa.com

www.exlibris.co.il

Ex Libris is a worldwide supplier of software solutions and services for libraries and

information centers. The ALEPH 500™ system is a market leader in the field of library

automation for higher education as well as for public, national, and research libraries,

consortia and national networks, and large corporations.

ALEPH 500 is the best choice for today and will grow to meet the needs of tomorrow.

Ex Libris now offers three new products:

MetaLib

MetaLib is an information portal providing libraries, institutions, and consortia with

a standardized user interface for managing hybrid information systems.

SFX

SFX enables linking between all parts of an electronic collection: full-text reposito-

ries; abstracting, indexing, and citation databases; online library catalogs; citations

appearing in research articles and other web resources.

DigiTool

DigiTool is a solution for building digital collections as components of an overall

digital strategy.

Languages:

English, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Spanish, Hungarian, Czech, Romanian,

Ukrainian, Portuguese, Nynorsk, Bokmal, Swedish, Danish, Italian, Polish, Greek, He-

brew, Arabic


Worldwide


A P P E N D I X

Geac Computer Corporation Limited

Yonge Corporate Centre

4100 Yonge Street, 6th Floor

Toronto, Ontario M2P 2B5

Phone: (905) 475-0525

Fax: (905) 475-3847

www.library.geac.com

Geac provides a wide range of product offerings to meet the needs of libraries

around the world. Geac’s client/server applications incorporate the fundamental de-

sign requirements to deliver on the promise of the digital or virtual library. An expe-

rienced staff of industry professionals is equipped to work with the library to deliver

the total solution or in a consultative capacity to deliver integration or conversion

services.

Languages:

English, French, German, Spanish


North America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific


A P P E N D I X

Innovative Interfaces, Inc.

5850 Shellmound Way

Emeryville, CA 94608

Phone: (510) 655-6200

Fax: (510) 450-6350

www.iii.com

Innovative Interfaces partners with libraries worldwide to provide Web-based infor-

mation technology solutions to both patrons and staff.

Millennium

Innovative’s Millennium system is a Web-based, open-platform integrated library

system that offers the best and most comprehensive functionality of any library auto-

mation software. Its Java technology-based interface offers staff and patrons an intuitive,

easy-to-use, and platform-independent system. With its multi-tiered system archi-

tecture, object-oriented design, and complete scalability, Millennium provides full, inte-

grated functionality; its core modules constitute a time- and library-tested automation

system that can be implemented in every type of library.

Languages:

English, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Spanish, Estonian, Galician, Irish, Italian,

Polish, Portuguese, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Welsh, Catalan


Worldwide


A P P E N D I X

Luna Imaging, Inc.

1315 Innes Place

Venice, CA 90291

Phone: (310) 452-8370

Fax: (310) 452-8389

www.lunaimaging.com

Insight®

Insight, from Luna Imaging Inc., provides the complete visual environment for

working with high-resolution images online, combining retrieval and display of text

information with a rich set of tools for viewing, and comparing and organizing images

across multiple collections from any location. With the growing prominence of visual

collections in digital form, Luna Imaging’s rich software tool enables professors and

students to dynamically view and work with image collections.

Instructors can prepare image lectures in the office and display Insight presenta-

tions in the classroom with digital projectors or monitors. Presentations can be as

simple as choosing and arranging full-screen images or they can incorporate several

images at once to show details and side-by-side comparisons. Some of the most promi-

nent museums and universities in the country, from Yale University to the Museum of

Modern Art, use Insight to work and teach with their visual collections.

Languages:

English, Chinese


North America, Asia Pacific


A P P E N D I X

MuseGlobal, Inc.

4001 South 700 East

The Woodlands, Tower 1, Suite 220

Salt Lake City, UT 84107 USA

Phone (801) 208-1880

Fax (801) 208-1889

www.museglobal.com

MuseGlobal’s corporate mission is to unlock the world of information by creating

connectivity and communication among disparate systems.

MuseSearch™

The company’s flagship product, MuseSearch, has reinvented the process of infor-

mation discovery and retrieval, optimizing the productivity of researchers and knowl-

edge workers. Unlimited numbers and types of information sources can be searched

simultaneously with a single user query. Results are of the highest quality because

searches are translated into each source’s own native language and protocol - whether

Web, Z39.50, SQL, telnet, proprietary, intranet, full-text database, image database, or

any other data source. Advanced linking capabilities allow onward navigation to fur-

ther information of interest. Extensive filtering, sorting, deduplication, and private

user workroom capabilities make this a total research solution.

Languages:

Developed in Unicode, the system can be translated into any language and deliver

results in multiple languages.


North America, Asia Pacific, Europe.


A P P E N D I X

OCLC, Inc.

6565 Frantz Road

Dublin, OH 43017

Phone: (800) 848-5878

Fax: (614) 718-7467

www.oclc.org

OCLC WorldCat (the OCLC Online Union Catalog)

For nearly three decades, libraries have shared their catalogs electronically to create

the world’s largest database of bibliographic information. WorldCat offers more than

48 million bibliographic records—representing 400 languages—and holdings informa-

tion vital for collection development, cataloging, authority control, and retrospective

conversion services.

Through the OCLC FirstSearch service, users can access 70 databases including fa-

miliar names from leading information providers as well as resources provided exclu-

sively by OCLC. OCLC databases include WorldCat, ArticleFirst, Electronic Collections

Online, PAIS International, PapersFirst, ProceedingsFirst, and the OCLC Union Lists of

Periodicals.

Languages:

English


Worldwide


A P P E N D I X

Ovid Technologies, Inc.

333 Seventh Avenue, 4th Floor

New York, NY 10001

Phone: (800) 950-2035 ext. 6487

Fax: (212) 563-3784

www.ovid.com

Ovid offers a rich, interlinked knowledge environment designed to deliver authoritative

answers to questions quickly and easily. Search software and interfaces are maximized

for use with more than 800 of Ovid’s full-text journals, more than 200 bibliographic data-

bases, and other resources. In addition, content resources are integrated with millions of

links.

Languages:

English


Worldwide


A P P E N D I X

SIRSI

105 Washington Street SE

Huntsville, AL 35801

Phone: (800) 556-5766

Fax: (256) 704-7007

www.sirsi.com

Sirsi’s Unicorn Library Management System provides librarians with a total manage-

ment infrastructure for directing all aspects of their libraries. Designed to enable li-

braries to meet changing technology head-on, Unicorn is the library system for today

and into the future, featuring:

• A flexible multi-tiered client/server architecture for libraries of all types and

sizes.

• Open architecture that permits the library to incorporate new technologies into

the system.

• The ability to maximize the power of the “e-Library Electronic Library,” which

enables libraries to meet the demands of today’s information seekers.

• WorkFlows™ staff client, with next-step technology to guide staff through various

tasks and related activities.

• Powerful add-on modules that support all of the library’s public and technical

services.

• Complemented by Sirsi’s Innovative Hyperion™ Digital Media Archive for man-

aging digital collections.

Languages:

English, Chinese, French, German, Spanish, Arabic


Worldwide

Sisis Information Systeme GmbH

Grünwalder Weg 28g.

D-82041 Oberhaching

Phone: +49 (0)89-61308-300

Fax: +49 (0)89-61308-399

www.sisis.de

The SISIS-SunRise product range consists of different modules, including all the

functions needed in public and scientific libraries: acquisition including serials con-

trol and electronic transmission of orders in XML; cataloguing; circulation, including

inter-library loans; and an OPAC system with external services over the Internet. SISIS-

Elektra is the new information broker for establishing local information portals.

Sybase, Oracle and Informix are the preferred platforms for database management.

Languages:

English, French, Dutch


Europe, Middle East, and Africa


A P P E N D I X

Software AG

11190 Sunrise Valley Drive

Reston, VA 20191-5424

Phone: (703) 860-5050

Fax: (703) 391-6975

www.softwareag.com

Software AG is Europe’s largest system software provider and a major global player

offering cutting-edge technology for data management and electronic business. Since

1998, the company has focused its development activities on XML products for the

Internet. Leading-edge higher education institutions such as University of Virginia,

University of California at Berkeley, University of Washington and the University of

Maryland will implement Software AG’s award-winning Tamino® XML Server. As inno-

vators and early adopters, these institutions have embraced XML technology and re-

cognize Tamino as a highly scalable solution storing vast quantities of digital content

with robust indexing and search capabilities enabling rapid retrieval. Tamino is the

foundation piece for initiatives that will enable these institutions to create, store and

manipulate all their digital content online.

Tamino is the first native XML server for Internet database management capable of

storing XML documents natively, without transformation to other formats. Because

there is no need to convert the data, Tamino is faster, more flexible and more efficient

than other systems that have to continually deconstruct and reconstruct XML before

they can process, output or store it. Users in higher education benefit from shorter

response times and the fact that XML is an accepted standardized data format for the

Internet.

Languages:

All Major


Worldwide


A P P E N D I X

VTLS, Inc.

1701 Kraft Drive

Blacksburg, VA 24060

Phone: (540) 557-1200

Fax: (540) 557-1210

www.vtls.com

VTLS Inc. features its newly-introduced Library Automation in 3V. This three-part

offering is composed of Virtua ILS – Integrated Library Systems, Visual MIS – Multi-

media & Imaging Solutions, and Vista CPS – Companion Product Suite.

Virtua ILS - Integrated Library Systems

Virtua ILS includes the company’s third-generation library automation system, which

has recently been enhanced with a Web-based reports management system.

Visual MIS - Multimedia and Imaging Solutions

With Visual MIS, VTLS has integrated its digital library offerings, collection manage-

ment, and data entry services.

Vista CPS - Companion Product Suite

The Vista CPS product line encompasses many new and exciting products and

services that have resulted through partnerships with other visionary companies in

the industry in the development of VTLS’s Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tech-

nology.

Languages:

English, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Spanish, Arabic, Catalan, Danish, Dutch,

Finnish, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Icelandic, Korean, Latvian, Malay, Norwegian, Polish,

Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian


Worldwide


A P P E N D I X

Sun Worldwide Sales Offices: Africa (North, West and Central) +33-13-067-4680, Argentina +5411-4317-5600, Australia +61-2-9844-5000, Austria +43-1-60563-0, Belgium +32-2-704-8000, Brazil +55-11-5187-2100, Canada +905-477-6745, Chile +56-2-3724500, Colombia +571-629-2323, Commonwealth of Independent States +7-502-935-8411, Czech Republic +420-2-3300-9311, Denmark +45 4556 5000, Egypt +202-570-9442, Estonia +372-6-308-900, Finland +358-9-525-561, France +33-134-03-00-00, Germany +49-89-46008-0, Greece +30-1-618-8111, Hungary +36-1-489-8900, Iceland +354-563-3010, India–Bangalore +91-80-2298989/2295454; New Delhi +91-11-6106000; Mumbai+91-22-697-8111, Ireland +353-1-8055-666, Israel +972-9-9710500, Italy +39-02-641511, Japan +81-3-5717-5000, Kazakhstan +7-3272-466774, Korea +822-2193-5114, Latvia +371-750-3700, Lithuania +370-729-8468, Luxembourg +352-49 11 33 1, Malaysia +603-21161888, Mexico +52-5-258-6100, The Netherlands +00-31-33-45-15-000, New Zealand–Auckland +64-9-976-6800; Wellington +64-4-462-0780, Norway +47 23 36 96 00, People’s Republic of China–Beijing+86-10-6803-5588; Chengdu +86-28-619-9333; Guangzhou +86-20-8755-5900; Shanghai +86-21-6466-1228; Hong Kong +852-2202-6688, Poland +48-22-8747800, Portugal +351-21-4134000, Russia +7-502-935-8411, Singapore +65-6438-1888, Slovak Republic +421-2-4342-94-85, South Africa +27 11 256-6300, Spain +34-91-596-9900, Sweden +46-8-631-10-00, Switzerland–German 41-1-908-90-00; French 41-22-999-0444, Taiwan +886-2-8732-9933, Thailand +662-344-6888, Turkey +90-212-335-22-00, United Arab Emirates +9714-3366333, United Kingdom +44-1-276-20444, United States +1-800-555-9SUN or +1-650-960-1300, Venezuela +58-2-905-3800

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