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8/8/2019 INFORMATIVEPERSUASIVESPEAKING.PPTtextbooklecture_ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com

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Ch. 13 & 14 Informative

Speaking and Persuasive

Speaking


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Types of Informative Speaking

By content or purpose


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Content

Speeches about processes-a series of actions thatleads to a specific result

The process involved in traveling abroad

Speeches about objects-anything that can be seenor touched

A speech about your guitar

Speeches about events-when a topic refers toanything notable that has happened

A speech about the war in Iraq


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Purpose

Descriptions- describing

Describing the traditions of a particular

culture Explanations-explaining

Explaining each of the steps involved in fireprevention

Instructions-teaching

Showing students how to protect themselves


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Informative Vs. Persuasive


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Informative

you arenotpresenting info that iscontroversial

You arenot trying to change audienceattitudes

You are trying to make the audience awareof something

Usually to improve audience knowledge orability


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Persuasive Usually involves a controversial topic

You are trying to persuade the audience to

take some sort of action, or change somesort of behavior


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Techniques of Informative

Speaking1. Define a specific informative purpose

2.Create information hunger


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3. Make it easy for audience

to listen and understand Limit amount of info you present

-stick to 3-5 main topics

use familiar information to increaseunderstanding of the unfamiliar

Use simple information to build

understanding of complex info


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4. Emphasize Important

points Use repetition

-with main points

-with material that is difficult to understand

Use sign posts


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Characteristics of persuasion

Persuasion is the process of motivating

someone, through communication to

change a particular belief, attitude, orbehavior.


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Persuasion is interactive

Can be compared to the transactional

model

It is an interaction that takes place betweenspeaker and audience


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Categorizing types of persuasion

By types of proposition or by desired

outcome


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By types of Proposition Propositions of fact

Propositions of value

Propositions of policy


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Propositions of fact issues in which there are two or more sides

with conflicting evidence

listeners are required to choose the truthfor themselves

Example: Kobe Bryant did/did not commit

rape


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Propositions of value go beyond issues of truth to explore the

worth of some idea, person, or object

Examples: President Bush is/ is not the best president

Animal testing is/ is not wrong


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Propositions of policy Goes a step beyond fact or value in stating

a recommended course of action

Example: Animal testing is wrong, and everyone

should not buy products that test on

animals


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Persuasive speeches based on desired

outcome Convincing- when goal of speech is to

make the audience believe something

-Kobe Bryant did not commit rape Actuating- when goal of speech is to get

audience members to take specific actions

-dont buy make-up that is tested on animals


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Persuasion can be categorized by to

approaches:1. Direct persuasion- state the persuasive message

outright

(speakers goals are clear from the beginning)2. Indirect persuasion- persuasive message is not

clear right away

(may start with a question and continue speech to

prove that question and persuade audience)


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Creating the persuasive message

Set a clear persuasive purpose

Structure the message carefully

Describe the problem

Describe the solution

Describe the desired audience response


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Avoid fallaciesFallacy- Errors in logical thinking

There are numerous types of fallacies


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A few of the most common

fallacies AD HOMINEM- attack on the person

instead of the argument

-the speaker attacks the integrity of theperson in order to weaken the argument


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REDUCTIO AD ABSURDUM

Reduction to the absurd

Unfairly attacks an argument by extending it to

such extreme lengths that it looks ridiculousStraw man argument- a variation of ad absurdum

fallacy

Speaker attacks a potentially valid argument by

demolishing a weak example and suggesting thatit represents the entire position


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EITHER-ORFALLACY

Sets up false alternatives

Suggests that if the inferior one must be

rejected, then the other must be accepted


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POST HOC ERGO PROPTER

HOC False Cause

Mistakenly assumes that one event causes

another because they occur after oneanother


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ARGUMENTUM AD

VERECUNDIAM Appeal to authority

Involves relying on the testimony of

someone who is not an authority in thecase being argued

Occur often in advertising and politics


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ARGUMENTUM AD

POPULUM Bandwagon appeal

Based on idea that many other people like

it or agree with it, so should you Wide spread acceptance of an idea is no

guarantee that it is correct


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In conclusion

When constructing your speech be careful

that it does not involve fallacious reasoning

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