informs 2012 shared corridor railway maintenance scheduling brennan m. caughron graduate research...
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INFORMS 2012Shared Corridor Railway Maintenance Scheduling
Brennan M. CaughronGraduate Research Assistant
Rail Transportation and Engineering Center (RailTEC)University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Outline
• FRA shared corridor research needs study
• Introduction and background
• Maintenance planning
• Strategic planning
• Tactical scheduling
• Integrated train and maintenance scheduling
• SRC research needs
Project Description:•New high speed rail (HSR) developments
in the U.S. need to address technical challenges of shared rail corridors in the North America rail environment
•The objectives of this project are to identify shared rail corridor technical challenges, existing and on-going research, knowledge gaps and research needs
INVESTIGATING TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AND RESEARCH NEEDS RELATED TO SHARED CORRIDORS FOR HIGH-SPEED PASSENGER AND RAILROAD FREIGHT OPERATIONS
Research Sponsor:
BROAD AGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT
BAA-2010-1
Research and Demonstration Projects Supporting the Development of High Speed and Intercity
Passenger Rail Service
Impact on the Railroad Industry:•Reducing the operational and program
deployment risks associated with shared rail corridors
•Identification of critical areas to address in
planning new HSR systems•Expediting the process of developing
efficient and safe HSR shared corridors with better prioritization in planning
Shared-Use Corridor Operating Configurations
Shared track: tracks shared
between passenger and freight or
other service.
Shared right of way (ROW):
dedicated high-speed passenger
tracks separated from freight or
other service tracks up to 25’
Shared corridor: dedicated high-
speed passenger tracks separated
from freight or other service tracks
by 25-200’
High-speed railservice
Freight or conventional passenger rail service
Adjacent trackcenters >25’ ≤ 200’
Adjacent trackcenters ≤ 25’
Shared track & shared ROW
Shared corridor
Shared Corridor Categories
• Safety technology and operating practices
• Rail infrastructure and equipment
• Economic and institutional issues
• Planning and operations
• Infrastructure upgrade prioritization
• Rail capacity planning
• Train scheduling patterns
• Passenger train schedule reliability
• Maintenance-of-way scheduling
Railway Periodic Inspection
• Inspection activities occur on regular intervals depending on quality (class) of track
• Inspection events• Visual inspection monthly to 1-3 times
per week (speed, track function, traffic)• Rail flaw detection 2 yearly or before
40MGT (with passenger traffic)• Gauge restraint measurement system
annually for classes 8 and 9• Automated track geometry 1-2 yearly up
to twice every 120 days• Joint bar flaw detection• Ground penetrating radar• Machine vision systems
• Personnel and equipment must usually occupy track to perform inspection (some exceptions)
Railway Periodic Maintenance
• Track is taken out of service for maintenance to occur
• Operation on adjacent tracks can be impacted by maintenance activities
• Activities occur on intervals based on cumulative traffic or time
Categories of maintenance work• Rail relay• Curve gauging • Tie replacement• Ballast cleaning
• Shoulder ballast cleaner• Undercutting
• Surfacing • System high-speed• Spot surfacing
• Track renewal• Bridge maintenance
Modeling Maintenance Scheduling
• Numerous individuals have applied
optimization techniques to problems
related to planning and scheduling
railway maintenance
• Model categories
• Strategic planning
• Tactical scheduling
• Maintenance scheduling
within existing schedule
• Integrated train and
maintenance scheduling
Strategic Maintenance Planning
• Long term planning horizon (year)• Large time increment (week)• Schedule work crews to specific projects on the network• Generally preventative (rail, ties, ballast) vs. reactive
maintenance (fixing slow orders)• Considers various network constraints
• Number and type of work crews• Work crew location constraints• Multiple projects on each network segment
• Benefits of maintenance blitz strategies
• Longer term disruption of rail traffic• Precedence relationship between activities • Weather or seasonal constraints
Strategic Maintenance Planning
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C
D
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E
F
Network
1
3 5
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Projects
7
Crews
1 1 1
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Strategic Planning - Previous Work
• Grimes (1995)• Genetic algorithm• Track surfacing planning• Track quality, degradation rate, various costs
• Budai et al. (2006) • Preventative maintenance scheduling problem (PMSP)• Minimize total track possession cost• Considers one network segment
• Gorman et al. (2010)• Maintenance production gang scheduling• Minimize labor, equipment, repositioning/travel costs• Labor agreements, precedence relationships, early start/late
finish constraints
Strategic Planning - Previous Work
• Pouryousef et al. (2010)• Refined PMSP from Budai• Simultaneous planning of several segments• Minimize track possession cost, maintenance cost, and
penalty for performing work too early• Peng et al. (2011)
• Minimize travel costs of production gangs (travel cost more variable than relative fixed cost of performing work)
• Weather, network disruption, activity precedence constraints included
• Methodology integrated into maintenance planning process of a class 1 railroad
Tactical Maintenance Scheduling
• Short term planning horizon (weeks or days)• Small time increment (hours)• Planning for one or several lines vs. network• Scheduling maintenance activities into existing traffic
pattern• Train schedule typically adopted before maintenance
schedule• Not able to reschedule some types of rail traffic
• Passenger (+- minutes)
• Intermodal (+- hours)
• Manifest (+- hours)• Delay costs for different traffic types• Productivity losses for maintenance crews with interrupted
or split work windows• Limited number of crews
Tactical Maintenance Scheduling
Time
Dis
tanc
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1
2
3
Shared ROW with High Speed Rail
Time
Dis
tanc
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Existing RR
New HSRHigh speed trains
1
2
3
Previous Work
Higgins (1998)• Schedule maintenance activities and crews in an existing
rail traffic pattern• Decision support tool for operation and maintenance
managers• Activities considered
• Inspection• Cross ties• Rail (replacement and grinding)• Ballast cleaning • Track surfacing
• Case study line (302 km, 45 sidings)• Manually constructed maintenance schedule
• 7.4% increase in activity finishing time
• 18% increase in train and maintenance delay
Integrated Train and Maintenance Scheduling
• Maintenance activities and train schedules planned simultaneously
• Objective function: minimize total cost of train delay and maintenance activities
• North American operating environment• Unscheduled trains (bulk commodities)• Scheduled trains (passenger, intermodal, manifest)• Long trains • Long shipment distances (2,000+ miles)
• European operating environment • Scheduled trains (freight and passenger)• Meet and pass planning• Temporal separation of traffic types
• Integrated train and maintenance scheduling may have limited application in the N. American operating environment
Previous Work
Albrecht et al. (2010)• Problem space search (PSS) meta-heuristic• Simultaneous scheduling of maintenance activities and rail
traffic • Minimize total delay to rail traffic and maintenance crews • Considered additional metric – delay experienced by worst
performing train (better consideration of distribution of delays)
• Applied to case study line
• Total delay reduced 17% vs. manual schedule
• Maximum delay reduced 34%
Shared Corridor Research Needs
• Strategic planning• Passenger traffic delay constraints related to network and
seasonal conditions• Tactical scheduling
• Delay cost for different train types • Cost of lost maintenance productivity in interrupted or split
windows• Threshold for integrated rail traffic and maintenance
planning• Threshold for temporal separation (maintenance at night,
rail traffic during the day)• Tactical scheduling with stochastic train and maintenance
events (longer planning horizon, more uncertainty)
Questions?
Brennan M. [email protected]