initiative and technology strategies for global water ...feb 13, 2015 · initiative and technology...
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February 13, 2015
Initiative and technology strategies for
global water infrastructure business
Global Water Recycling and Reuse System Association, General Incorporated Association, Japan
(GWRA)
[Executive Technology Advisor, Infrastructure Systems Company, Hitachi Ltd.]
President Shinjiro Ueda
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Table of Contents
1. Global Water Market and related Challenges
2. Large-scale technological development scheme
for global expansion of water business
3. Technological strategies expected in the future and
case studies
4. Expectations to NEDO
1
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1-1. Movement Towards a Global Water Market
Council on Economic Cooperation and Infrastructure Strategies
March 13, 2013 First Conference
Chairman, Chief Cabinet Secretary, Members, Deputy Prime
Minister and Cabinet Ministers ●Formulation of “Infrastructure System Export Strategy” May 17, 2013 → Revised June 3, 2014
● Announcement of specific measures (five-pronged)
“Promoting public-
private partnerships
for enhancing global
competitiveness of
private enterprises”
(Source: From the website of the Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet) 2
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1-2. Global Water Business Market 1
From the final report of the Study Group for International Development of the Water Business set up in April 2010 by The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
3
Business domain
Services domain
Supply of Raw materials /
components, Consulting
Construction, Design
Management /
Operation Services Total
Clean water 19.0 trillion yen
(6.6 trillion yen)
19.8 trillion yen
(10.6 trillion yen)
38.8 trillion yen
(17.2 trillion yen)
Seawater desalination 1.0 trillion yen
(0.5 trillion yen)
3.4 trillion yen
(0.7 trillion yen)
4.4 trillion yen
(1.2 trillion yen)
Water for industrial use /
Industrial effluent
5.3 trillion yen
(2.2 trillion yen)
0.4 trillion yen
(0.2 trillion yen)
5.7 trillion yen
(2.4 trillion yen)
Recycled water 2.1 trillion yen
(0.1 trillion yen) -
2.1 trillion yen
(0.1 trillion yen)
Sewage water 21.1 trillion yen
(7.5 trillion yen)
14.4 trillion yen
(7.8 trillion yen)
35.5 trillion yen
(15.3 trillion yen)
Total 48.5 trillion yen
(16.9 trillion yen)
38.0 trillion yen
(19.3 trillion yen)
86.5 trillion yen
(36.2 trillion yen)
(Upper level: 2025… Total 87 trillion yen, Lower level: 2007… Total 36 trillion yen)
: Volume zone (Market growth: two times or more, market size 10 trillion yen or more) : Growth zone (Market growth: three times or more) (Source: Global Water Market 2008 and Preliminary calculation by The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, (Note) Conversion 1 Dollar = 100 Yen
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1-3. Business Domains and Challenges in the Water Business
Mitsubishi Corp. + Innovation Network Corporation of Japan ...Purchase of United Utilities Australia
Mitsui & Co., Ltd. … Investment in AtraTech, Mexico, sewage projects
Marubeni Corporation …Investment in Aguas Nuevas, Chile, South America
Mitsubishi Corp. + Mitsubishi Heavy Industries … Investment in Metito Ltd., Dubai in the Middle East
Hitachi Ltd…. Five-year O&M at Basra desalination plant, Iraq
Kitakyushu + Kobelco Eco-Solutions Co., Ltd. …Water treatment facility at Haiphong, Vietnam
Bureau of Sewerage Tokyo Metropolitan Government + Sumitomo Corporation… construction of sewage lines in Malaysia
Components &
Equipment Manufacturing
Design & Construction Maintenance &
Business Operation
Veolia, Suez (France) and GEWater (US)
Ove
rse
as
Manufacturers Engineering &
Plant engineering & construction companies Business
Companies
Dom
estic
Local governments
Latest activities of the Japanese companies
Planning &
Programming
Consulting
firms
◆Business participation through investment
◆EPC + Business participation
4
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1-4. Global Water Recycling and Reuse System Association
1) Work with industry, government, and academia in Japan and overseas to collect
information and propose policies
2) Establish projects and formulate , implement plans for overseas business operations
Purpose
Capital Overall
Plan
EPC
Equipment
material
Association of cross-industrial private enterprises
Contract
management
Management
administration
Related ministries, local governments,
universities, research laboratories,
and civilian organizations, etc.
Cooperation with the industry,
government and academia
General
Contractor
Business companies
Banks
Insurers
F/S survey (Vietnam) 34 companies (As of January 2015)
5
2008: Limited liability partnership
2012: General incorporated association 【Year of
establishment】
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2-1. Large Technological Development Project
for Global Expansion of Water Business
■ Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry - New Energy & Industrial Technology Development
Organization (NEDO)
“Water Saving and Environmentally-friendly Water Recycling Project”: 2009 – 2013
"Reclaimed Water Usage Model Works", "Water Plaza Business“
■ Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology / Cabinet-Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science (JSPS)-NEDO
Funding Program for World Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST)
"Mega-ton Water System": 2009- 2013
■ Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-Japan Science and Technology
Agency (JST)
Strategic Basic Research Programs (CREST)
Innovative Technology and System for Sustainable Water Use: 2009-
■ Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology - JST / Japan International Co-
operation Agency (JICA)
Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS): 2008-
■ Ministry of the Environment
Asia Water Environment Improvement Model Works: 2011-
6
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2-2. Reclaimed Water Usage Model Works
Agricultural water, construction water
MBR
Water for industrial use For concrete; mixing water, for cooling the block producing machine; cleaning equipment, air-conditioning for water reservoirs
High level reclaimed water
Mid level reclaimed water
RO
Sewage
Sludge
Concentrated
water
Treated
water Reclaimed
water Domestic waste
water
Source of water pollution
Abu Dhabi
Dubai
Ras Al Khaimah
Fujairah
Sharjah
Ajman
Umm Al - Quwain
Overall view of United Arab Emirates
Overview of the model works at Ras al-Khaimah
MBR:(Membrane Bio – Reactor)
RO:(Reverse Osmosis)
Al Ghail Industrial Park
MBR Unit
500m3×4 lines
RO Unit
500m3×3 lines
7
Pilot Project Site
Future development: Reclaimed water usage businesses to be developed centering on the Middle East such as UAE, Saudi Arabia, etc.
Outsourcing:NEDO
Implementation:GWSTA (Global Water Recycling and Reuse Solution Technology Research Association)
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MBR
UF Seawater
RO
Sewage
RO
Sewage RO
concentrated water
Seawater dilution
Kyushu
Electric
Power Co.,
Inc.
Concentrated water
Power reduction
Same level of salinity as seawater
Boiler water
500m3/d
Reclaimed water
1400m3/d
Reduction in quantity of
pre-processing water Low cost
Energy
saving
Reduction in load on the
ecosystem
1500m3/d
2-3. Water Plaza Business
(Integrated seawater desalination and sewage reuse system)
Water Plaza Kitakyushu
By diluting seawater with the help of sewage RO concentrated water, the seawater desalination system is enhanced to make
it (1) energy saving (power cost reduced by approx. 40%), and (2) environment friendly.
UF: Ultra Filtration
8 Future development: PR activities are underway in South Africa, China and India
Outsourcing:
NEDO
Implementation:
GWSTA
Sewage
Seawater
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2-4. Mega-ton Water System
(Source: Mega-ton Project Data)
9
Future development: Plan to initiate a pilot project in Saudi Arabia and to
develop into a large scale plant
Outsourcing: NEDO, Implementation: 17
companies + 11 Universities
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(15) “Groundwater management
techniques"
Prof. Komatsu, Saitama University
(16) “Sustainable groundwater usage
system"
Prof. Shimada, Kumamoto University
(17) “Exploiting groundwater resources in
mountainous regions"
Associate Prof. Kosugi, Kyoto University
Forests
Rainfall (water
source)
Lakes and
marshes
Purification
plant
Water
works
Sewage
Fields
Industrial
effluent
Golf course Rainfall (water
source)
Water works
(6) “Management of devastated
forest plantation” Prof. Onda, Tsukuba University
(11) "Innovative water and wastewater treatment
system using the membrane separation
technology as the core"
Prof. Okabe, Hokkaido University
(12) "Development and Evaluation of Water
Reuse Technologies for the Establishment of
21st century type Water Circulation System"
Prof. Tanaka, Kyoto University
(13) "New water treatment systems integrating
multiple membrane technologies"
Prof. Nakao, Kogakuin University
(14) “Development of ROBUST Reverse
Osmosis/Nanofiltration Membranes for Various
Types of Water Resources"
Prof. Tsuru, Hiroshima University
(5) “Advective diffusion simulator
for radioactive substances”
Prof. Oki, Tokyo University
(3) “Integrated evaluation of an innovative water
management system with decentralized water reclamation
and cascading material-cycle for agricultural areas” Prof. Fujiwara, Kochi University
(4) “Water-saving System for Advanced Precision
Agriculture (WSSPA)” Prof. Shibusawa, Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Technology
(10) "New Water Reuse System Using Urban
Aquifer with Advanced Risk Management :
Outline and Purpose of the Project"
Prof. Itoh, Kyoto University
(1) “Development of longterm vision for
sustainable water use of the world”
Associate Prof. Kanae, Tokyo Institute of
Technology
(2) “Urban water usage system”
Professor Furumai, University of
Tokyo
(9) “Microbial control
technique"
Prof. Ikeda, Utsunomiya
University
(7) "Smart water-quality monitoring technology for water
recycling and reuse systems"
Prof. Miyake, Hiroshima University
(8) "Water monitoring system with pathogen detection"
Prof. Omura, Tohoku University
Agriculture
Watershed
Ground water
Rivers
Sewage Sewage
treatment
plant
Marine
areas seawater
Cities Purification plant
Sewage
treatment
plant
Industrial
Park
Sewage
treatment
plant
Sewage
Climate
change
25% reduction in
CO2
(Source: Created on the basis of JST NEWS December 2012)
2-5. Innovative Technology and System for Sustainable Water Use (CREST)
Agriculture Radioactive
substances Forests
Water quality assessment & monitoring Sewage
treatment
Water control
system
Membrane
technology
Ground
water
Water usage
in cities
Cities
Earth
10
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3-1. Technological strategy
Expanding markets and technological development
Seawater desalination
Oil & Gas, Mining
Water and sewage
Requirements of the global water market Technology to be developed
・Dealing with the demand for water
・Protecting the environment
・Preventing global warming
Desalination, reuse of water
Zero emission
Energy saving
・Development of ultra energy-efficient processes
・Development of zero emission technologies
・Development of robust new material and processes
・Development of zero emission technologies
・Development of ultra energy-efficient processes
・ Smart water systems
11
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3-2. For further progress in desalination
12
General seawater desalination plants
◆Increased energy conservation (Example: 3.5Kwh/㎥ → 2.5Kwh/㎥)
・ Achieving low pressure and high flux with new material such as nano carbon
・Practical application of energy recovery by PRO*
(*Pressure Retarded Osmosis System)
◆Reducing the load of concentrated drainage on the environment
◆ Establishment of stable process technology for various regions and various
types of seawater
Source: Mark Wilf, Membrane Desalination Technology
ERD:Energy Recovery Devise
【Breakdown of
operating power】
Lighting and air-conditioning Pre-processing
Intake pump
Water pump
High-pressure pump
Total operating power
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3-3. Current Oil Production Plants
Onshore
Oil refining
Natural gas plant
Oil
Oil-field produced water
Dual-phase
Separator
GAS
Offshore
Fuel
Flare
Production well
Fluid Pipeline
Three-phase
Separator
Production
well
Oil reservoir
Seawater
Water treatment device
Oil-field produced water
treatment plant
(Oil and water separation,
solid-liquid separation) Oil-well press -
fitting
Disposal well
Oil-well press - fitting Discharge into the river
Discharge into the ocean
Oil reservoir
Market size: 760 billion yen (2020) (Of which advanced processes, 150 billion yen) (Source: GWI)
13
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Ref.: http://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Oil-Gas/epnews-2013-fall.pdf/epnews-2013-
fall.pdf
0
10
20
30
40
50
(Millions m3/d)
◎ The water treatment facility of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s Bureau of Waterworks is capable of treating 6.86 million m3 in a day, and provides water to approx. 13 million Tokyo residents.
3-4. The global transition of oil production and
the quantity of oil-field produced water
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3-5. Achieving advanced oil recovery phases
and oilfield-produced water treatment
Primary recovery
Secondary recovery
Tertiary recovery
Oil recovery
5% to 15%
Oil recovery
20% to 60%
Oil recovery
35% to 75%
Natural recovery of oil
Major focus on oil recovery
from existing oilfields rather
than development of new
oilfields
Desalination is necessary even
for reusing water as irrigation
water or boiler water.
Oil recovery by injection of water
(IOR: Improved Oil Recovery)
Increase in the amount of oilfield-produced water
Items to be removed for reusing oilfield-produced water:
Oil content, SS components
Oil recovery by injection of heat, gas, Chemicals (EOR:
Enhanced Oil Recovery)
Focus on the highly practical low salinity water
EOR (LS-EOR: Low Salinity EOR)
Items to be removed for reusing oilfield-produced water: Oil
content, SS components
+ salt content
15
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3-6. Oilfield-produced water treatment systems and expected future systems
Oil-field produced
water
Specific gravity difference separation (gravity)
Specific gravity difference separation
(gas flotation, centrifugal force)
Filtration with filter media
(Absorption)
500 - 2,000 Oil concentration
(mg/L) 100 - 500 15 - 30 < 5
・Disposal ・Oil well injection
Disposal
MF, UF membrane (removal of oil and fine particles) RO membrane, desalination technology for highly saline water (MD, FO)
・Efficient utilization (Irrigation, afforestation) ・ Water injection for EOR → Enhanced oil recovery → Contribution to oil production
Stratum blockage during injection
Environmental pollution
Current oilfield-produced water treatment systems
Separation of scattered oil droplets, separation of suspended solids
Primary
treatment
Secondary
treatment
Tertiary
treatment
Expected future systems Removal of oil and fine particles and desalination
with the help of membrane
< 5 - 1
Secondary - Tertiary
treatment
Desalination
treatment
Size of oil droplets
(μm)
>150 40 - 150 10 - 25 2 - 5
<1 - 0.1
TDS
1,000 - 400,000
mg/ℓ
TDS
1,000 - 5,000
16
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3-7. Revolutionary carbon technology that drives innovation
Amorphous Carbon Coating
Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) Coating
RO膜
基材
RO膜
基材
sp2 based
sp3 based
Diamond-like carbon
Hole of 0.3 -
0.4nm
<Reference> Existing reverse osmosis
membrane (RO membrane)
× Durability, chemical resistance, and heat-resisting
property are weak.
× The membrane is thick, so there is large resistance to
passage
× Clogged up with oil and aquatic life
Carbon nano holes that form
the flow channel are controlled
precisely
New nano-structural
carbon body
◆Membrane that can be used in an
severe water environment
(Improving robustness)
◆Saving of energy
Creation of a device for water and
substance separation
Polyamide
With the extension of the existing
technology, it is difficult to provide
enough water to all the people in
the world by harnessing water
from the various water sources
Current state
Technical challenges that
must be resolved
Innovation of separation
membrane technology
making use of material
properties such as that of
carbon
◆Corresponds to various global water
sources, such as seawater and water
containing oil
◆Long life, reduced maintenance efforts
◆Rapid increase in flux and desalination
amount
◆Application to collection of resources
Innovative and promising
functions
(JST Center of Innovation data) 17
Example: Attainment of a sustainable, global water society
with a carbon membrane water generating system
Renewable energy source for
water generation
Seawater desalination plant
Fresh water Sea water
Contributing to an era of abundant water with diverse water sources
RO membrane
Base material
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3-8. Desalination technology using membranes for highly saline water
18
Item
Membrane Distillation(MD)
Forward Osmosis Membrane
(FO)
Super Saturation
Crystallization
Inlet Salt
Concentration 10,000 - 100,000mg/l 10,000 - 100,000mg/l 50,000 - 300,000mg/l
Brine Salt
Concentration 300,000mg/l (Max.) 300,000mg/l (Max.) Zero Liquid Discharge
Configuration
Specified
membrane
PTFE or PP membrane
(Hole diameter 0.2 - 1μm) CTA or PA membrane
(Hole diameter: Same as RO)
MF/UF/NF/RO membrane
(Solvent recovery)
Development
phase Pilot Under Development Pilot
Membrane
Ho
t F
eed
Wate
r
Evaporation
Channel
Permeating
Vapour Condensing
Channel
Co
ole
d P
erm
eate
Str
eam
Feed
Draw solution Membrane
Brine Treated water
Dehydrato
r
U
F
N
F
R
O
Treated Water
Raw
Water
Reaction
Tank
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3-9. Energy-saving treatment systems
Basic flow Concept
Aero
bic
Energy conservation
Easy maintenance
Stable treated water quality
Overwhelmingly low LCC
(life cycle cost)
Anaero
bic
(Excerpts from the website of MetaWater Co. Ltd.)
(1) Operations for industrial effluent (Industrial effluent (Biofuel,
brewing, dairy industry, and so on))
(Excerpts from the website of RIX Corp. (PENTAIR)
1. Waste water
tank
(Raw water
tank)
2. Nutrient adjuster
3. Heat
exchanger
4. Bioreactor
(biological reactor)
5. MBR
membrane
device
6. Biogas for energy
recovery
(2) Application to sewage treatment Tohoku University and others
Energy conservation
Less quantity of sludge
Energy recovery
Anammox process
19
Sand basin High-efficiency solid-liquid
separation tank New trickling filter Final solid-liquid separation
tank Disinfection tank
Sludge thickener
To the dehydrator
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3-10. Intelligent Water System
Treated water
Factories Households
Data
Center
Industrial effluent
treatment system
Sewage water
treatment system
Drinking water
River water / seawater
Reclaimed water
(recycled water)
Water for industrial
use (recycled water)
Clean Water
treatment system
Treated water
Water Management
System
City A
City
C
City
B
Contributes to optimum management and resolution of the water resource problems by
consolidation and uniform management of water-environment information.
・ Information on business
management
・Information on sales and charges
・ Information on consumers
・ Information on equipment
operations
・ Information on pipelines and maps
Industrial effluent
(Source: Excerpts from data from Hitachi, Ltd.) 20
Water for
industrial use
(recycled
water)
Sewage
Water for industrial use
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4. Expectations to NEDO
21
1. Making the results widely known
Intensive growth and expansion in areas with increasing demand for water
such as the Middle East, Africa, India and South-east Asia.
2. Expectations to NEDO
[System support]
Supporting the demonstration of pre-dominant technologies by leveraging
international exchange activities, International energy pilot projects, etc.
[Technological development]
・Making the seawater desalination system to be super energy saving with
zero emission
・Making the treatment process in the Oil & Gas domain robust with zero
emission
・Making the water and waste water treatment system for overseas such as
South-east Asia to be energy saving with low LCC and IT technologies.
Thank you for your attention.