injections hana svobodová 10. 3. 2012. types of containers medications for injection are supplied...
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Injections
Hana Svobodová10. 3. 2012
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Types of containers
Medications for injection are supplied in several types of container :
Vials Ampules Cartridges
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Utilising comfort measures
! Skill in administering injections minimizes
pain !
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Prior to injecting the medication :
select the smallest gauge needle possible for the medication and injection site
inspect needle for sharpness tap the area lightly with
fingertips rotate sites
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During injeciton
- insert the needle quickly without hesitation- inject the medication slowly (time for absorption)
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After injection :
withdraw the needle quickly massage the injection site to
encourage absorption of the medication into the tissues – massage firmly but gently
NOTE : contraindication for massage is for intradermal injection, insulin, heparin
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Intradermal injection = injection between layers of skin needle length – 0,6 – 1,3 cm syringe size – usually 1 ml (tuberkulin),
common dosage is 0,01 – 0,1 ml needle insertion angle – 5-15 degree usualy i.c. (i.d.) are for DIAGNOSTIC
purposes the substance injected into the skin
causes a local reaction : Wheal Blanched or reddened area Itches (if the test reaction is positive)
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The most common sites: aspect of the forearm or upper back Hold the syringe almost PARALLEL to the
surface Do NOT massage the site after injecting the
solution Observe the reaction – the first 30 minutes after (for possibilitiy of serious allergic reaction or
anaphylactic shock)
Time for reaction varies from 15 min. to 24 hours.
(MANTOUX – tuberculosis test)
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SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION
Environment
Preparation - Patient- Medication
Administration
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Injection Sites
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Administering subcutaneous injections
s.c. is placed just under the deep skin layer
- the medication is absorbed more slowly than inj. i.m. or i.v. (during 20 – 30 minutes)
needle length - 1,3 – 2,5 cm syringe size – usually less than 2
ml, common dosage is 0,5 – 2,0 ml
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Injection sites
the upper arm (m. biceps brachii) the thigh (m. quadriceps
femoralis,esp.for a self-administered inj.)
the abdomen dorsogluteal area For daily medication (diabetics) –
the inj. site is rotated on a regular schedule
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Method of application :
grasp the injection site between thumb and forefinger to form a pad of subcutaneous tissue
needle insertion angle - 45 or 90 degree
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Complications
administration into a vessel administration into the muscle hypertrofy of subcutaneous tissue lipodystrophy atrophy of skin infection at the injection site
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Practical training
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEtyrR0GhQg&feature=related