ino pda: model for pdam collaboration for improved raw water management (final report)

8/21/2019 INO PDA: Model for PDAM Collaboration for Improved Raw Water Management (Final Report)

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e views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or

icies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does

guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their

e. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.



PILOTING MODEL FOR COLLABORATION AMONG PDAMs IN WEST JAVA FOR IMPROVED WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT

CONTENTS PAGES

CHAPTER I

FOREWORD 1

1.1. Background 1

1.2. Purpose of Study 2

1.3. Location of Work 3

1.4. Scope and Description of Activities: 3

1.5. Length of Working 4

1.6. Project Schedule 4

1.7. Expected result 5

1.8. Human Expertise 6

1.9. Reports 6

CHAPTER II

STUDY APPROACH:

Institutional Observation and Legal Aspect

8

2.1. Institutional Definition 8

2.2. Institutional elements 9

2.3. Basic Thought 10

2.4. Characteristics Of Water Resources And Classification Of River Area 10

2.5. Basic Principle Of Water Resources Management 132.6. Institutional Management Of Water Resources 14

2.6.1. Institutional Framework in Water Resources Management 14

2.7. Legal Foundation Of Institutional Development 15

2.8. Water Resources Management Institution In West Java 15

2.9. Public Service Agency 16

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 20

3.1. Frame of Research & Approachs 20

3.2. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology 21

3.3. Performing Occupation Segmentation 22

3.4. Data Collecting method 23

3.5. Analysis method 23

3.5.1. Hydro analysis – Geological

3.5.2. PDAM Performance Analysis

3.5.3. Strength,Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) Analysis

3.5.4. Fishbone analysis (Ishikawa’s diagram)3.5.5. Institutional changed approaching (Change Theory)

23

23

24

2526

MID TERMFINAL REPORT - i -




3.6. Implementation plan 27

3.7. Evaluation & Monitoring 28

3.8. Data Requirement and Source 28

CHAPTER IV

GENERAL VIEW OF REGION 29

4.1. REGION PROFILE 29

4.1.1. BANDUNG CITY 29

4.1.1.1. Geographical Conditions & Territorial Administration

4.1.1.2. Morphology

4.1.1.3. Geology

4.1.1.4. Climatology

4.1.1.5. Demography

4.1.1.6. Economic Structure

29

31

32

34

34

35

4.1.2. Bandung Regency 36

4.1.2.1. Condition of Geographic and Administration

4.1.2.2. Morphology

4.1.2.3. Geology


4.1.2.5. Demography

36

36

38

39

40

4.1.3. Sumedang Regency 41

4.1.3.1. Geographical Condition and District Administration

4.1.3.2. Physical Condition of Area

4.1.3.3.

Population4.1.3.4. Land Utilization Arrangement

41

42

4647

4.1.4. Subang Regency 47

4.1.4.1. Geographical Condition

4.1.4.2. Geomorphological Condition

4.1.4.3. Geological Condition

4.1.4.4. Population

47

48

51

53

CHAPTER V

THE CONDITION OF

WATER RESOURCEs

54

5.1. THE CONDITION OF HYDROGEOLOGY 54

5.1.1. Bandung’s Sheet(SOETRISNO ; 1983)

5.1.2. The Sheet of Cirebon (SOETRISNO; 1985)

54

55

5.2. RIVER BASIN 56

5.3. WATER RESOURCES 57

5.3.1. Surface Water

5.3.2. Soil Water Resources

57

59

5.4. NATURAL RESOURCES 61

5.4.1. Tipologi of Natural Water Resources 61

MID TERMFINAL REPORT - ii -




5.4.1.1. Underground Water

5.4.1.2. Water Source

5.4.1.3. Surface Water

5.4.1.4. Water District

61

64

64

66

5.5. Water Source Potency 665.5.1. Bandung hollow 66

5.5.1.1. Soil water

5.5.1.2. Spring

5.5.1.3. River water

66

74

74

5.5.2. Sumedang Basin 77

5.5.2.1. Soil Water

5.5.2.2. Spring

5.5.2.3. River

77

78

79

5.5.3. Subang Basin 805.5.3.1. General

5.5.3.2. Spring

5.5.3.3. River

80

81

83

CHAPTER VI

PDAM’s PROFILE86

A. Technical Aspect 86

6.1. PDAM BANDUNG CITY 86

6.1.1. General

6.1.2. Service

6.1.3. Capacity of System

6.1.4. The Condition of Water Resource

86

86

88

89

6.1.4.1. Spring

6.1.4.2. Inner Groundwater

6.1.4.3. Spring

89

92

92

6.2. PDAM BANDUNG REGENCY 92

6.2.1. General

6.2.2. Service6.2.3. Capacity of System

6.2.4. Condition of Water Resource

92

9595

97

6.2.4.1. Surface water

6.2.4.2. Groundwater

6.2.4.3. Spring

97

97

97

6.3. PDAM SUBANG REGENCY 97

6.3.1. General

6.3.2. Service6.3.3. Capacity of System

97

9898

MID TERMFINAL REPORT - ii i -




6.3.4. Condition of Water Resource 99

6.4. PDAM SUMEDANG REGENCY 99

6.4.1. General

6.4.2. Service

6.4.3. Capacity of System6.4.4. Sold Water Production, Distribution and NRW

99

99

100101

CHAPTER VII

PDAM DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS100

7.1. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS 100

7.1.1. PDAM BANDUNG CITY 100

7.1.1.1. System Capacity

7.1.1.2.

Service Condition

7.1.1.3.

The Growth of Water Needs7.1.1.4. Additional Water Source

100

101

101103

7.1.1.4.1. Short Terms Solving

7.1.1.4.2. Long Terms Solving

103

103

7.1.2. BANDUNG REGENCY 107

7.1.2.1. Water Needs Bandung Regency 107

7.1.2.1.1. The Growth of Population

7.1.2.1.2. PDAM Bandung Regency

7.1.2.1.3. The Growth of Water Needs of Bandung

Regency

107

107

108

7.1.2.2. Proposed Program 109

7.1.2.2.1. Potential Water Source in Bandung Regency

7.1.2.2.2. Surface Water

109

109

7.1.3. SUMEDANG REGENCY 111

7.1.3.1. Water Source Sumedang Regency

7.1.3.2. The water Needs Sumedang Regency

111

111

7.1.3.2.1. The Growth of Population

7.1.3.2.2. PDAM Sumedang Regency

7.1.3.2.3. The Growth of Water Needs in SumedangRegency

111

112

113

7.1.3.3. Program Proposed 113

7.1.3.3.1. Potential Water Sources in SumedangRegency

7.1.3.3.2. Springs


113

114

114

7.1.4. SUBANG REGENCY 116

7.1.4.1. Water Source Subang Regency

7.1.4.2. The Water Needs Subang Regency

116

116

7.1.4.2.1. The Growth of Population 116

MID TERMFINAL REPORT - iv -




7.1.4.2.2. PDAM Subang Regency

7.1.4.2.3. The Growth of Water Needs Subang Regency

116

117

7.1.4.3. Proposed Program 118

7.1.4.3.1.

Potential Water Source in Subang Regency7.1.4.3.2. Springs


118118

119

7.1.4.4. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF PDAM BANDUNG CITY 119

7.2. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 121

7.2.1. Bandung City’s PDAM 121

7.2.1.1. Production capacity, extension number, and Sold Water

7.2.1.2. Operational Income

7.2.1.3. Periodic operational cost

7.2.1.4.

Receivable and current ratio7.2.1.5. Long term Payable

7.2.1.6. Average fare

7.2.1.7. Bandung city’s PDAM fund source

121

121

122

123123

123

124

7.2.2. Bandung Regency’s PDAM 124




7.2.2.4. Receivable and current ratio

7.2.2.5. Long term Payable


7.2.2.7. Bandung regency’s PDAM funding source

124

125

125

126

126

126

127

7.2.3. Sumedang Regency’s PDAM 127


7.2.3.2. Operational income

7.2.3.3. Periodic Operational cost

7.2.3.4. Long Term Payable


7.2.3.6. Sumedang regency’s PDAM fund source

127

128

128

128

129

129

7.2.4. Subang Regency’s PDAM 129







7.2.4.7. Subang Regency’s PDAM Funding source

129

130

130

131

131

132

132

7.3. LEGAL AND INSTITUSIONAL ANALYSIS 133

7.3.1. Basic Law for natural resources.7.3.2. Main Discussion

133133

MID TERMFINAL REPORT - v -




7.3.3. River and River Allocation based on Undang-Undang.

7.3.4. Example of Public Institution under Undang-Undang.

7.3.5. Alternatives to build an institution according to Undang-Undang.

7.3.6. Number 50 Year 2007 About Instructional Management LocalGovernment Cooperation

7.3.7. The Institutional Development

134

134

135

143

145

7.3.7.1. Analysis of Institutional Affairs

7.3.7.2. Stages the Establishment of Public Service Agency (BLU)

7.3.7.3. Budgeting BLU

7.3.7.4. Positive & Negative Any Options Of The Blu-Spam Formed

7.3.7.5. Rights and Obligations of BLU-SPAM (Province)

7.3.7.6. Rights and Obligations of PDAMs (Regency/City)

7.3.7.7. Source of Income BLU

7.3.7.8. Description of income from each sources

7.3.7.9. Option of BLU SPAM Formed

145

151

153

154

155

156

157

157

158

APENDIX 1

APENDIX 2

APENDIX 3

MID TERMFINAL REPORT - vi -




TABLES PAGES

4.1. Population based on District and Density on 2005 34

4.2. Economic growth of Bandung Distric in 2005 36

4.3. Terminological Population District and Density in Year 2006 40

4.4. The Amount of Population According to District Population Density in 2006 46

4.5. The use of land in Sumedang Regency in 2005 47

5.1. Water Needs Calculation Standard 57

5.2. Category of River Flow Areas in West Java 59

5.3. Underground Water Potentials in West Java 60

6.1. The form of PDAM coordination in Central Government Institutions 95

6.2. The form of PDAM coordination and Institutions in Government of Province 95

6.3. The form of PDAM coordination in Government Institutions of City /Regency

96

7.1. Step by step the establishment of Public Service Agency (BLU) 151

IMAGE PAGES

2.1. Water Resources Characteristics 12

3.1. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology 21

3.2. SWOT diagram 24

3.3. Fishbone diagram 26

3.4. Change’s triangle 27

4.1. Bandung Administration Map 30

4.2. Picture of Bandung Basin from Satellite 32

4.3. Bandung Geological Map. 33

4.4. Bandung Basin Geological Map 33

4.5. Condition of Climatology at Bandung Basin territorial 34

4.6. Bandung Regency Administration Map 374.7. Nature Landscape sketch of Bandung Basin 48

4.8. Bandung’s Basin Geological Map 39

4.9. Administration Sumedang Regency Map 42

4.10. Sumedang Regency Topography Map 43

4.11. Sumedang Regency Topography Map 44

4.12. Sumedang Regency Geology Map 45

4.13. The feature on the volcanic slope which has been used as tea plantationin Ciater area

49

4.14. the figure of bricks lava near Cilele Spring, Kecamatan Jalan Cagak 51

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4.15. the figure of lava sediment with solid structure pieces in Ciater area. 52

4.16. the figure of revealed lava with solid structure 52

4.17. the figure of lava basalt cavity 53

5.1. Underground Water Potention Map in West of Java 61

5.2. Water Supply System Based on Water Source 63

5.3. Underground Water Holes in West Java 64

5.4. River Area Unit in West Java 65

5.5. Bandung Basin border 67

5.6. Hidrogeologi's map Bandung Basin. 68

5.7. Hydrogeology’s block diagram south North Bandung Well Water Basin 70

5.8. Bandung Basin Ground obtain zone map 72

5.9. Bandung Basin Taking groundwater Zone Map 73

5.10. Wellspring appearance zone at territorial Bandung Basin 74

5.11. Sumedang Regency Hydrological Map 78

5.12. River Flow Map 80

5.13. Geologi Map regional Main Stream Area of Cipunagara River 81

5.14. Surface across main stream area of Cipunagara River 81

7.1. PDAM System Bandung City 100

7.2. Prediction of PDAM Production Capacity Bandung City 101

7.3. The Growth Of Bandung City Population 102

7.4. Predicted of PDAM Service Capacity Bandung City 1027.5. Cimenteng Program Proposed Schematic 105

7.6. Water source in three regencies. 106

7.7. The Growth of Population of Bandung Regency and Cimahi City 107

7.8. Condition of PDAM Bandung Regency System Capacity 108

7.9. Prediction the growth of Water Needs in Bandung Regency 109

7.10. Monthly Fluctuation Rate of Flow Graphic of Citarum river 110

7.11. Monthly Fluctuation Rate of Flow Graphic of Citarum river 111

7.12. The Growth of Population Sumedang Regency 112

7.13. Condition of PDAM Sumedang Regency System Capacity 112

7.14. The Growth of Water Needs in Sumedang Regency 113

7.15. The Growth of Subang Regency Population 116

7.16. Condition of PDAM Subang Regency System Capacity 117

7.17. Prediction the Growth of Water Needs in Subang Regency 118

7.18. Providing Water Source Scheme Bandung City in 2015 120

MID TERMFINAL REPORT - vii i -




1. Background

Decreasing of PDAM’s services on West Java happened because it does not have water

source in terms of quantity and quality, one of its main reason is that the raw water

sources have been decreasing on PDAMs service region, the current condition is that the

raw water source that utilized by PDAM tends to be decreasing in terms quantity and also

quality, even if there is a potential raw water source, the position is far-away or lies

outboard PDAM servicing area, the condition often increase the PDAMs net-operating cost

and care and ensues on bad consumer service and can only increase service to some

region most indeed, on a short period of course it went hard with PDAM to raise rate and

further on a long term ensuing on unavailable capital that adequately to increase its

performance.

On the other side, in mountainous area that becomes raw water source region PDAM,

exists raw water source that abundant and not being utilized, besides the raw water

source capacity, the elevation problem at territorial will be resulting on production cost

and PDAMs operational becomes uneconomic, but if raw water source managed together

with several PDAMs at territorial greater Bandung that have no alternative or lack for raw

water source, obviously about problem cost and operational technical will get to bring off

economically.

Four PDAMs those are on Greater Bandung( Bandung's, Bandung's Regency, Subang’s

Regency, and Sumedang's Regency), with potential population as big as 8 Millions, facing

dilemma and realising that it was needed a collaboration to utilize raw water source moreefficient and effective to look after raw water source accessibility for four PDAMs. This

collaboration is expected will give benefit that really strategic for PDAM on :

Secure quantity of good quality raw water through optimizing all raw water

sources in the area

Improved level of service, supporting PDAM professional operation & financial

sustainability

Increased access to safe water for the whole population inhabiting the whole

Bandung region

Easier access to alternative investment financing through better matching of

supply and demand

PDAM in Bandung, have no new raw water source and the current raw water source has

been decreasing on their quality and quantity and ensue on PDAMs disability in servicing

145.000 customers (40% of total populations). The problem has to be solved as soon as

possible, otherwise it will be harder for PDAM on Bandung to increase their services to

customer, since they are thousands customer candidates already waiting list expecting

their services. PDAM in Bandung has put an effort to cultivate raw water sources that

beyond their administrative territory to be used on a poor raw water source region

especially during dry season. This process faces various administrative constraints,

FINAL REPORT - 1 -




technically indecent and uneconomic, on regency region with fewer populations and

geographically consisting of mountainous area have raw water source very abundant,

elevation and far-away distance cause raw water source at regency territorial was not

utilized optimaly.

Based on description above, it is to be needed a study of pre feasibility study that works

to exploit raw water source and production of fresh water collectively – same or

collaboration among four PDAMs (PDAM in Bandung, PDAM in Subang Regency, PDAM in

Bandung's Regency and PDAM in Sumedang's Regency), in which currently it is not yet

good government organization or even other organizations that responsible to manage

and protect raw water source affiliate or distribution plan with four PDAMs.

2 Purpose of Study

a. Establishing institutional design framework and Process & Mechanism that is being

needed for collaboration to exploit raw water source between four PDAMs at

territorial Bandung's curve.

b. The availability detailed analysis about raw water source demand, supply and

production at territorial Bandung's curve.

c. The availability detailed analysis about:

Current condition of four PDAM institutions

Law and regulations

Possible political constraints

d. The availability detailed analysis about law design, role and new institution

responsibility

e. The availability detailed information about follow up plan, finances source, activity

frame of reference that shall soon at performs.

f. At least three workshop with stakeholder and 12 small workshops.

FINAL REPORT - 2 -




3 Location of Work

Location of work will be at administration region area in Bandung's, Bandung's Regency,

Sumedang's Regency and Subang Regency (PDAM in Bandung's City, PDAM in Bandung's

Regency, PDAM in Subang’s Regency, and PDAM in Sumedang's Regency)

4 Scope and Description of Activities:

a. Raw Water Production Scheme

To prepare the most appropriate water production scheme including following elements:

Analysis of historical and current project information with regard raw water

availability, and regarding to DAS (river flow area) Management Pattern and

coordinated with DAS (river flow area) Managing Institution at province level and

also at city region (Natural Resources at Province and River Region)

Raw water demand prediction on next 10 year projection of water demand for

four PDAM

Cost estimation of the project implementation, including rough financial

projection for next 10 years, for four PDAMs (required investment, operational

cost, revenues / tariff which emerges from policy developed by Central

Government Supporting Body for Water Supply Development)

To assess the sustainability of the system, to be detailed is as follows:

Identification water resource prospect of available raw water sources (quantity

and quality)

Long term continuity of water resources

Long term threats related to the water quantity and quality

Recommendations of management, utilization and protection of water sources to

maintain or even upgrades these water sources

b. Institutional Comparative Analysis and Assessment of Legal Requirements and

Processes for Creating the Legal Entity.

To analyze and compare the different possibilities for the institutional setups to manage

the combined raw water supply, including but not limited to the following components:

Identify current institutions involved in / responsible for raw water protection and

management in target area.

Undertake a stakeholder analysis including CSO, communities, private sector and

define is and responsibilities in catchment utilization and raw water supply.

Identify and summarize existing laws and regulations with regard to roles and

responsibilities on watershed management and raw water supply.

FINAL REPORT - 3 -




Identify and describe political obstacles and opportunities through series of

stakeholder workshop.

Identify possible institutional setups, taking into account current institutions, laws

and regulations related to management and utilization of water sources.

Compare different options through SWOT analysis.

Describe expected main tasks and responsibilities of combined institution,

including possible role / responsibilities of the entity in bulk water supply to four

PDAMs.

Prepare cost estimation of the project implementation projection for the

institution proposed to manage the system, including alternative financing

sources.

c. Preparation Phase 2

Based on results, conclusions and recommendations from first phase develop an action

plan containing is least the following elements:

Summary of results, conclusions and recommendations, ready to be presented to

stakeholders;

Action plan describing detailed steps, including responsibilities for various

stakeholders;

Identify potential of long term financial resources from different Government

levels (local, provincial and national) and / or donor agencies;

Describe requirements to obtain this funding for purpose of raw water protection

and management;

Draft TOR for follow up phase;

5. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology

FINAL REPORT - 4 -




PDAM (4 Utilities in Bandung Region)

Technical Financial Institutional

History/Current data

raw water Supply

ManagementUtilization &

Protection of water

source

Current & Forecast

Demand water/ RDS

Investment

Revenue

Operating Cost

Current Institutional of

Raw water Management

Tariff

Cost Projection

FinancialProjection

Stakeholders Analysis

Role & Responsibility

Existing Laws &Regulation

UNEP

Environmentsustainability

& Public

artici ation

IWRMPlanning

Strategic &Roadmap

SWOT: Political,

Stakeholder,Institutional setup

PILOT & DEMONSTRATION ACTION

Result/ Conclusion/ Recommendation:-Improve Water Resource Management

-Combined Institution & Capacity Building

-Rules, Legitimation & Responsibilities-Financial Projection & Fund sourcing

- Portfolio of Implementation Project

Water Resource

Supply

Water Demand

Projection

Financial

Projection

Legal

Requirement

Institutional &

Management

Technical &Projection Study

ManagementStudy

Political/ PublicAdvocacy

Image 1. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology

6. Results

Regionalization of raw water, meaning that the raw water source in one or more administrative

regions can be used by some of the local administration to regional cooperation through specific

mechanisms. Regionalization of raw water this can also include production units. Raw water

management can be done by local administration where the location of raw water sources are exist

in and / or province. User-fledged of raw water/drinking are PDAMs that do have a regional

cooperation. There are several alternative plans in the development of this regional SPAM.

FINAL REPORT - 5 -




Regionalization raw water is a basic form of the most possible water management, because in

addition not to touch the existence of the existing PDAMs, can also overcome the basic

problems of raw water in the future. There are several institutional alternatives closely related

with the Regionalization of Raw Water under review by LMFE UNPAD’ ESP USAID and ADB

b) Empowerment of PT Tirta Gemah Ripah which is a subsidiary of PT. Jasa Sarana Regional

ging to West Java Province.

PDAM administrative region to conduct sale and purchase agreement of raw water. Institutions

ed Enterprises (BUMD) as belonging to West Java province had formed on the

West Java, but got rejection from the PDAMs so that there can run well and eventually in the

on to the possibility of

existence of subsidies from the government but still implement the principles of economic,

Pub S

Office) for the purpose of the provision of public services (in the

provision of drinking water) that its management based on the authority delegated by

nt goals of local governments and therefore the

legal status of Public Service Agency (BLU) -SPAM is not separated from the local

ublic services

conduction policy (providing of drinking water), which delegated to the Public Service

cooperation, namely:

a) Joint Venture Company

Owned Enterprises (BUMD) belon

c) The Public Service Organization.

Institutions that have been established to manage raw water can do in cooperation with each

can also make cooperation with the Agency Business (third party), including the private sector.

In fact, the Joint Venture among the regions in Indonesia is difficult especially in the agreement

concerning the sharing of their respective regions. Meanwhile, PT. Tirta Gemah Ripah as

Regional Own

non-actived.

Public Service Agency (BLU) is an alternative form of institutional management of raw water

regionalization that need to be considered at this time. In additi

lic ervice Agency (BLU) can do in cooperation with the Business.

Public Service Agency (BLU) SPAM that operates as a "work unit" The Local

Employment Unit (institutional of Public Work Office (PU) to an agency, namely the

Public Work Office (PU)/Residential Area and Infrastructure (Kimpraswil)

Province/Regency/City

the parent concerned.

BLU-SPAM device is part of achieveme

government institutions as a mother.

Governor/Regent/Mayor is responsible for the implementation of the p

Agency (BLU)-SPAM from the benefits in terms of the services produced.

FINAL REPORT - 6 -




Officials/officer appointed managing Public Service Agency (BLU)-SPAM responsible for

the implementation of the provision of public services (providing of drinking water) is

Work plan and budget and financial reports and performance of Public Service Agency

e of SKPD (institutional of Public Work

Office (PU) to an agency/local government.

line with a healthy business practices.

any PDAMs compromising the quality of services to cover the costs

incurred, and even a few PDAMs have actually been in liquidation/bankruptcy. In situations where

tions that may be more ideal to

anage regional raw water.

The e

and Con BLU as follows;

1. five (5) to 20 (twenty) years

needs of the

3. greements that bind each party to implement the

4.

5.

possible cost

the minimum volume produced (take or pay) with the services that sell products produced

e with the terms of the agreement between the

Government of the BLU.

7. BLU nce of other units that they do not build

a. F

delegated to officials/officer by the Governor/Regent /Mayor.

Public Service Agency BLU-SPAM conducting activities without seeking the benefits.

(BLU)-SPAM arranged and presented as a part that is not separated from the work plan

and budget and financial reports and performanc

Public Service Agency (BLU)-SPAM manages public service (the provision of drinking

water) in

The most ideal of Public Service Agency (BLU) for Regionalization context is Public Service

Agency (BLU)-level Provincial Government. Structure of Public Service Agency (BLU) in

Provincial level.

As we know, the average of PDAM in Indonesia is still use the rate of water that has not meet the

principles of full cost recovery (FOR) with the reason taht purchasing power people are still low,

consequently, aware or not m

the public purchasing power is still a constraint in meeting the principles of economics so that FCR

can be met, Public Service Agency (BLU) is the institutional op

m

n d velop cooperation between the PDAM and Board of Public Service with the General Terms

ditions of Cooperation between PDAM &

The time period required cooperation between the

2. Facilities built and managed by PDAM (Provider) with the aim to meet the

community infrastructure and facilities

Characterized with a set of contractual a

transaction in accordance with these provisions

Generally is the solid capital and require a large amount of funds for building

Risks identified by the parties in the transaction and was appointed to the party most able

to handle risk with lowest

6. Sales income of drinking water obtained from the reward that can be calculated based on

from facilities built in accordanc

is not involved in the operation and maintena

orms of Cooperation Benefits:

FINAL REPORT - 7 -




1. Management of all or part of the system

2. Management facilities,

3. Operation of equipments

b. Field of clean water supply services that can be served, among others:

Step by step the establishment of Public Service Agency (BLU)

> Production

Activities SResponsibility

of

Regulations

relatedDescriptionub Activities

Hearing to theBureau of

EExpert team

conomic and

Services

Hearing to RegionalSecretary

Expert team

Hearing toGovernor

Expert team

Hearing to theCouncil of Regional

Representatives

Delivered the results of astudy on the BLU as

chosen institutions thatmanage raw water at

the provincial level

(DPRD)

Expert team-Governor

Form a team

rmation BLU-rawwater

fo

Expert team- T

ProvincialGovernment

Regulation of

Minister no61/2007

he team can come from

the province andregency/city

Determination ofLocal GovernmentUnits (SKPD) or

units of thepro un

Provincial

Government

A

vince will rBLU

Regulation ofMinister no61/2007

djusted to the basicduties and functions ofthe BLU with work units

that have

A. Preparation

Preparing

substantiverequirements

Expert team-


Re fM61/2007,

Regulation ofFinancialMinister07/PMK

Mi4, th e a

functions are operational

sein a nd

(quasi ods)

gulation oinister no

02/2006

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at work units havtask, principal and

in carrying out the publicrvices which resulted

semi goods a

public servicespublic go

FINAL REPORT - 8 -




Prep thetechnical

requirements of

Expert team-Provincial

Government

M

Re f

Minister07/PMK02/2006

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wor thyFinance performance unit

aring

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Regulation of

inister no61/2007,

gulation oFinancial

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workplace

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Government

Regulation ofMinister no

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D

Minim TheGovernance, Strategic

etermination of

um Standard,

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Preparation oforganizational

structure,Expert team

fu s

His/her position, thedivision of tasks,

nctions, responsibilitieand authority

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office positions andfunctionin theorganization

Preparation of workprocedures,

Expert team

Preparation ofgrouping Function

Expert team

A cle ties

supp s inaccordance w

achieve tional

ar division of dubetween functions andrational of service and

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principles of internalcontrol in order to

organiza

effectiveness

Phuman resources

management

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an effic e andproductive

reparation of

setting and a clear policyon human resourcescused on the fulfillmenof the quantitative and

alitative / competento support theachievement of

organizational goals inient, effectiv

The election Provincial


Leaders, FinancialOfficers and Technical

officials GovernmentOfficers

FINAL REPORT - 9 -




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the Board ofsupervisors


Re fMinister no61/2007,

Regulation ofFinancialMinister09/PMK

smanagement of BLU

made by the manager ofBLU officials on the

implementation of theBusiness Plan and

gulation o

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upervise the

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that apply

RemuneratiD


Re fMinister no

61/2007,

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Th tc

honorarium, allowance

b

retirement.

onetermination

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gulation o

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e reward of a job thaan be salary,

fixed, incentives,onuses on achievement,

pesangon, and / or

InventoryInvestment Needs

of BLU

Expert teamRe fMinister no

61/2007

Invest made

benefit to increase thein

of e

gulation o

ment can beas along as become the

come and improvement the service to th

community

possibility ofcooperation

inventory with thirdparties

Expert teamRegulation ofMinister no

61/2007

To i lityand quantity of services

mprove the qua


61/2007

After all theinfrastructures are ready

B.entation

EndorsementImplem

ofBLU

RegionalLegislative(DPRD)

C. Contro

Periodically need to bedone to ensure

plan, and to makeimprovements

lingMonitoring and

Evaluation


Government


61/2007

implementation inaccordance with the

Bu

Th needed in the early formation of BLU consists of:

1. Investment cost of the infrastructure development conn 4 PDAMs. If BLU is in the

province, the total cost of investment required is Rp 162 Billion,

s as follows;

en Inve

dgeting BLU

e budget is

ected to

city as the capital of the

with the detail

Infrastructure betwe stment Needs Description

Bandung City-SumedangRp53.000.000.000

velopment (World

nk Studies, 2006)Regency

Infrastructure de

Ba

FINAL REPORT - 10 -




.000.000Making Dam (World Bank Studies,

2006)Rp67.000

Bandung Ci

Regency

ty-BandungRp15.000.000.000

B

R00.000

Studies, 2008)

andung Cuty-Subang

egencyRp28.000.0

Making Infrastructure (ESP

Total needs Infrastructure Rp 162.000.000.000

2. Ope and Non-Operatio

st

sist of th

Non Operational t

implementation f

Positive & Negativ s Of The Blu-S m

Option

rational nal Costs.

Operating co

which con

s include all of costs which become a burden to ru

e cost of services and administration.

costs, covering the entire cos

n the tasks and functions,

of a burden in order to support the

o the tasks and functions.

e Any Option pa Formed

NegativePositive

BLU-SPAM

Province

ofEnsure the management

Drinking Water Provision

System (SPAM) that is

integrated in a provincial area

It will facilitate the coordination

nt in large-scale

pen and easy to

M at the Regency

to

Difficulty to obtain budget

allocations from the province

budget because is still a bit

provinces concerned with the

in the

of raw water utilization for

drinking water

Will facilitate the synergy and

efficiency of financial

manageme

The ease of the technical

department given in the job

services of SPAM at provincial

level

Development of personnel

career in BLU-SPAM province

will be more o

between Regency / City in one

province

Not get involve actively providing

funding for SPA

/ City

Lack of allocation of resources

get Regional Budget (APBD) of

Regency / City

drinking water

there are weaknesses

control region because spread

Requires a number of human

resources with the big-cocked

FINAL REPORT - 11 -




Option Positive Negative

BLU-SPAM

Region

Provincial Budgets

egion

n the job

City in one

r poor

Regency /City

human

SPAM at the

Regency / City

Lack of allocation from Regional

Budget (APBD) resources Regency

/ City

ng water

The allocation of a maximum of

more

(investment, O / M, Bantek,

Training)

Ensure the management of

SPAM that is integrated in a

single r

Will implement synergy and

efficiency financial management

in a large scale


department given i

services of SPAM at regional

level



will be more open and easy to

between Regency /

region



drinking water

Allows for cross-subsidy fo

Will have a little difficulty in

forming a new BLU-SPAM

there are weaknesses in the

control region because of spread

Requires a number of

resources with a large amount

Not get involve actively funding

for the realization of


allocation from the provincial

budget (APBD) because the

province is still a little concerned

with the drinki

There are problems in the

provision of a certain level of

realization in SPAM

BLU-SPAM

Kab/Kota

Responsibility of Regional

Government (Pemda Regency /

City) as the mandate of

Law/Regulation 32 of 2004

About Local Government can be

Budget of Regional Buget

(APBD) Regency / City


Training) can be directly

locations spread of Regency / City

in Indonesia

he possible occurrence of the

raw water problems which have

been had by other Regency / City.

Development of technical direct to

units of BLU SPAM in Regency /

City the constraints considering

implemented in full T

The lack of human resource

capabilities in the Technical

ependency of investment from

several fund of Regional Budget

(APBD) Regency / City still limited

implementation of BLU-SPAM

D

allocated and controlled

the Province / Central considering

FINAL REPORT - 12 -




Rights

1. Rigth

ions

b. About the community or other organizations that conduct activities and cause

ge to infrastructure and facilities services

t services of drinking water to the

d.

e. come on the BLU-SPAM cooperation with other parties

g. Obtain a raw water quality standard continuous in the appropriate permission has

h. Cut off the connection to the subscribers do not fulfill the obligations

2. Obligatio

a. rds set.

concerned on the incident or a

special case and will cause potential changes on the quality and quantity ofservices

c. Operate facilities and provide services to all users / customers which have met the

d. Provide information on the implementation of the services

e. Provide appropriate compensation to customers over losses suffered

f. Obey and efforts to comply with the settlement of legal when occur disputes

g. Participate in the protection and conservation efforts to water resources in order

ntain environment conservation

Rights cy/City)

1. Rights

uirements

of the quality, quantity and continuity in accordance with the standards set

n about the structure and the amount of rates and charges (bill)

c. Submit a claim on the service itself harmful to the court

and Obligations of BLU-SPAM (Province)

a. Getting land for build facilities in accordance with the laws and regulat

dama

c. Allowed to charge / reward or accept paymen

public

Receive budget (income) from the local budget (APBD)

Receive in

f. Set and impose fines against the delay/late in payment charges

been obtained

ns

Ensure that services meet the standa

b. Provide the necessary information to all parties

requirements

mai

and Obligations of PDAMs (Regen

a. Getting a service of drinking water / raw water materials that meet req

b. Obtain informatio

FINAL REPORT - 13 -




d. Getting feasible compensation as a result of the negligence of services

2. Obligatio

ties and maintain the raw water

d. Following and settlement efforts and meet the law when disputes occur

a. Services

d. P Expenditure State Budget (APBN) National Level

PBD) Provincial level,

APBN an

and APBN fo

that can be o

Descriptio

orm of rewards acquired from

the service given

b. B - not tied

c. Results of cooperation with other parties

d. BL - rom APBD with authorization of the local

g e derive from ABPD financing

e. BL - t come from the state budget (APBN) revenues can be

derived from the government in the framework of the implementation of

d

f. BLU- ng of the budget deconcentration and / or assistance

task,

condi

g. Other a l ows:

ated;

The utilization of property;

ns

a. Pay bills on the services of raw water

b. Using raw water well

c. Participated in maintaining the facili

Source of Income BLU

b. Grants


ost of Revenue and

e. Post of Regional Income and Expenditure Budget (A

f. Other a valid income of BLU-SPAM

d APBD can provide funds, but until now, not all PDAMs acquire their funds from APBD

r raw waters. Therefore, nowadays it can not be defined the amount of investment

btained from APBD and APBN.

n of income from each sources

a. BLU-SPAM income that come from services, in the f

LU SPAM income that come from a grant tied and

U SPAM income that come f

ov rnment budget credit not

U SPAM income tha

econcentration and / or assistance task and others

SPAM in implementi

the process of financial management conducted separately based on the

tions prevailing in the State Budget (APBN)

egal income of BLU-SPAM, are as foll

The sale of property that are not separ

FINAL REPORT - 14 -




Time deposit Services;

Interest income

between

on, discount or other form as a result of the sales and / or

or service

1. BLU-SPAM provide and manage the unitof raw water and carry out the

1. When the Regency / City havePDAM have pain and / or theRegency / City of the spreading

2.

Regency / City implement the manage the unit of raw water

3. BLU-SPAM Regency / City provide andmanage the unit of raw water, unit ofproduction, unit of distribution andservices

3. When Regency / City able to

manage all the unit of IKK-SPAMbuilt

4. No need to be formed BLU-SPAM-SPAMIKK but unit which managed by PDAMRegency / City

4. When Regency / City havehealthy PDAM

a. Option is selected

The option number two, only the distribution and services in the regency / city through PDAM

b. Flowchart Of Blu-Pdam-Customer

Benefits of the differenc

foreign currencies;

Commissi

e the exchange rate of rupiah against

procurement of goods and

The investment

/ s by BLU-SPAM

Option of BLU SPAM Formed

distribution and services

BLU-SPAM Province/Region and provideand manage a unit of raw water and

2. When two (2) Regencies / Citiesor more can not provide and

distribution and services

FINAL REPORT - 15 -




FINAL REPORT - 16 -

PDAM BANDUNG

CITY

BLU

PRODUCTION

WATER

PURCHASING

CUSTOMER

RAW WATER

SELLING

DRIKING

WATER

DISTRIBUTION

RAW WATER

PURCHASING

PDAM

BANDUNG

REGENCY

PDAM

SUMEDANG

REGENCY

PDAM

SUBANG

REGENCY




CHAPTER I

FOREWORD

1.1. Background

Decreasing of PDAM’s services on West Java happened because it does not have water

source in terms of quantity and quality, one of its main reason is that the raw water

sources have been decreasing on PDAMs service region, the current condition is that the

raw water source that utilized by PDAM tends to be decreasing in terms quantity and also

quality, even if there is a potential raw water source, the position is far-away or lies

outboard PDAM servicing area, the condition often increase the PDAMs net-operating cost

and care and ensues on bad consumer service and can only increase service to some

region most indeed, on a short period of course it went hard with PDAM to raise rate and

further on a long term ensuing on unavailable capital that adequately to increase its

performance.

On the other side, in mountainous area that becomes raw water source region PDAM,

exists raw water source that abundant and not being utilized, besides the raw water

source capacity, the elevation problem at territorial will be resulting on production cost

and PDAMs operational becomes uneconomic, but if raw water source managed together

with several PDAMs at territorial greater Bandung that have no alternative or lack for raw

water source, obviously about problem cost and operational technical will get to bring off

economically.

Four PDAMs those are on Greater Bandung( Bandung's, Bandung's Regency, Subang’s

Regency, and Sumedang's Regency), with potential population as big as 8 Millions, facing

dilemma and realising that it was needed a collaboration to utilize raw water source more

efficient and effective to look after raw water source accessibility for four PDAMs. This

collaboration is expected will give benefit that really strategic for PDAM on :

Secure quantity of good quality raw water through optimizing all raw water

sources in the area

Improved level of service, supporting PDAM professional operation & financial

sustainability

Increased access to safe water for the whole population inhabiting the whole

Bandung region

FINAL REPORT - 1 -




Easier access to alternative investment financing through better matching of

supply and demand

PDAM in Bandung, have no new raw water source and the current raw water source has

been decreasing on their quality and quantity and ensue on PDAMs disability in servicing

145.000 customers (40% of total populations). The problem has to be solved as soon as

possible, otherwise it will be harder for PDAM on Bandung to increase their services to

customer, since they are thousands customer candidates already waiting list expecting

their services. PDAM in Bandung has put an effort to cultivate raw water sources that

beyond their administrative territory to be used on a poor raw water source region

especially during dry season. This process faces various administrative constraints,

technically indecent and uneconomic, on regency region with fewer populations and

geographically consisting of mountainous area have raw water source very abundant,

elevation and far-away distance cause raw water source at regency territorial was not

utilized optimaly.

Based on description above, it is to be needed a study of pre feasibility study that works

to exploit raw water source and production of fresh water collectively – same or

collaboration among four PDAMs (PDAM in Bandung, PDAM in Subang Regency, PDAM in

Bandung's Regency and PDAM in Sumedang's Regency), in which currently it is not yet

good government organization or even other organizations that responsible to manage

and protect raw water source affiliate or distribution plan with four PDAMs.

1.2 Purpose of Study

a. Establishing institutional design framework and Process & Mechanism that is being

needed for collaboration to exploit raw water source between four PDAMs at

territorial Bandung's curve.

b. The availability detailed analysis about raw water source demand, supply and

production at territorial Bandung's curve.

c. The availability detailed analysis about:

Current condition of four PDAM institutions

Law and regulations

Possible political constraints

d. The availability detailed analysis about law design, role and new institution

responsibility

e. The availability detailed information about follow up plan, finances source, activity

frame of reference that shall soon at performs.

f. At least three workshop with stakeholder and 12 small workshops.

FINAL REPORT - 2 -




1.3 Location of Work

Location of work will be at administration region area in Bandung's, Bandung's Regency,

Sumedang's Regency and Subang Regency (PDAM in Bandung's City, PDAM in Bandung's

Regency, PDAM in Subang’s Regency, and PDAM in Sumedang's Regency)

1.4 Scope and Description of Activities:

a. Raw Water Production Scheme

To prepare the most appropriate water production scheme including following elements:

Analysis of historical and current project information with regard raw water

availability, and regarding to DAS (river flow area) Management Pattern and

coordinated with DAS (river flow area) Managing Institution at province level and

also at city region (Natural Resources at Province and River Region)

Raw water demand prediction on next 10 year projection of water demand for

four PDAM

Cost estimation of the project implementation, including rough financial

projection for next 10 years, for four PDAMs (required investment, operational

cost, revenues / tariff which emerges from policy developed by Central

Government Supporting Body for Water Supply Development)

To assess the sustainability of the system, to be detailed is as follows:

Identification water resource prospect of available raw water sources (quantity

and quality)

Long term continuity of water resources

Long term threats related to the water quantity and quality

Recommendations of management, utilization and protection of water sources to

maintain or even upgrades these water sources

b. Institutional Comparative Analysis and Assessment of Legal Requirements and

Processes for Creating the Legal Entity.

To analyze and compare the different possibilities for the institutional setups to manage

the combined raw water supply, including but not limited to the following components:

Identify current institutions involved in / responsible for raw water protection and

management in target area.

Undertake a stakeholder analysis including CSO, communities, private sector and

define is and responsibilities in catchment utilization and raw water supply.

Identify and summarize existing laws and regulations with regard to roles and

responsibilities on watershed management and raw water supply.

FINAL REPORT - 3 -




Identify and describe political obstacles and opportunities through series of

stakeholder workshop.

Identify possible institutional setups, taking into account current institutions, laws

and regulations related to management and utilization of water sources.

Compare different options through SWOT analysis.

Describe expected main tasks and responsibilities of combined institution,

including possible role / responsibilities of the entity in bulk water supply to four

PDAMs.

Prepare cost estimation of the project implementation projection for the

institution proposed to manage the system, including alternative financing

sources.

c. Preparation Phase 2

Based on results, conclusions and recommendations from first phase develop an action

plan containing is least the following elements:

Summary of results, conclusions and recommendations, ready to be presented to

stakeholders;

Action plan describing detailed steps, including responsibilities for various

stakeholders;

Identify potential of long term financial resources from different Government

levels (local, provincial and national) and / or donor agencies;

Describe requirements to obtain this funding for purpose of raw water protection

and management;

Draft TOR for follow up phase;

1.5 Length of Working

The project will be implemented over a. period of 6 months.

1.6 Project Schedule

K e y a c t i v i t i e s T im e l in e

Result 1: Water Resources Survey & Analysis's Data

1 Hydro (geo)logy historical information collected and analyzed end Month 3

2 Raw water demand, supply and water production scheme proposed end Month 5

3 Financial Projection compiled and analysis end Month 5

4 recommendations of raw water management & protection end Month 6

Result 2: Institutional Structures Comparative Analysis

1 Stakeholder analysis of current institutions, CSOs, laws and regulationscompleted end Month 3

FINAL REPORT - 4 -




2 Political obstacles and opportunities identified and agreed upon end Month 4

3 Possible legal setup for new entity prepared and agreed by mainstakeholders

end Month 6

4 and Responsibilities of new entity agreed with stakeholder’s roulette end Month 8

5 Follow up plan and financing identified end Month 8

Result 3: Preparation Phase 2

1 Summaries, Action Plan, financial resources and TOR prepared end Month 8

Result 4: Stakeholder workshops

1 First stakeholder workshop (combined with presentation work plan) end Month 2

2 second stakeholder workshop (combined with Progress Report 2) end Month 4

3 Third stakeholder workshop (combined with is Report's Final) end Month 7

Report Preparation's final & Submission

1 Work plan end Month 1

2 First Progress report end Month 3

3 Second Progress Report end Month 5

4 Draft Final report end Month 7

5 Report's final + third stakeholder workshop end Month 8

1.7 Expected result

Project output

a. Diagram scenario reports of institutional founding, requirement processes and

Mechanism of Raw Water Management Collaboration among 4 PDAM at Bandung's

basin.

b.

Reports on demand conditions, availability of productions and raw water scheme

protections ( Based on Esp's information and previous research )

c. Reports on current institution conditions/fresh water institutions, laws, regulations

and possible political obstacles

d. Reports on entities new institute founding scenario on managing fresh water, their

roles and its responsibility.

e. Action Plan Detail covers Finances Source and activity frame for a few strategic

activities.

f. Workshop's activity reporting: 3 stakeholder workshops and 12 mini workshops.

FINAL REPORT - 5 -




Project outcome

a. Improved management of water resources in Greater Bandung catchment area.

b. Improved protection of raw water resources, partly financed through PDAM tariff

collection

c. A legal entity responsible for (i.) and (ii.), with roles and responsibilities agreed by all

relevant stakeholders (Local and Provincial Governments / Parliaments, NGO ’ s,

communities)

1.8. Human Expertise

1. Management Expert, Institutional specialization as Team Leader PHD qualified,

experienced more than 10 years, coordinate all activities.

2. Management Expert, Institutional specialization, Master qualified, 7 years

experienced on identifying constraints and chances, being formed new institutional

based on laws, regulations and politics.

3. Financial Expert, Master qualified, minimal 7 years experienced on arranging

budgets, making investment projects and analyze net-operating cost and designs

finances alternative.

4. Hydrologist / Hydro Expert – Master Geologist Expert on mapping all possible raw

waters on a given geological region, analyze about standard availability and water

sources – existing sources.

5.

Water Supply / Environment Expert on analyzing about exploitation impact and raw

water source management of ecosystem, and estimates raw water source

accessibility projection.

1.9. Reports

Types of report that shall be turned over by Consultant, cover:

1. Advance report

Contain preparations to perform activities, mobilization, preparing work schedule and

methodology and interference may will be faced, and enclosed by data requirement,

data source institution / information, and etc. it covers background activity, aims and

target activity, methodology, work schedule, advance areas picture planning and

satellite map accessibility stocktaking. This advance reporting will be worked

intensively and made as much as 20 (twenty) copies and given 1 (one) month after

the publication Work Order Letter.

2. Intermediate report

Contains field survey and analysis of field condition (problems, potency and

opportunity, constraint and limitation), institutional data, result of satellite

photograph and analysis result of all factors which concerning with planning area.

Intermediate report has to be made 20(twenty) exemplars and given at least 3

FINAL REPORT - 6 -




months after publication Work Order Letter, and being discussed by Province

Government element, Regency and City that bound by this activity.

3. Final report

Final report constitutes Strategic Draft Report which already being discussed by

variety parties, which concerned, such as Government, private sector, and also

society. Final report being made as much as 30 (thirty) exemplars and turned over 5

(five) months after Work Order Letter is provided with back up CD-Rom which

contains of all activity process, map album, and images resulted by satellite

photograph.

4. Executive summarize

Executive summarize is a summarize book containing of Final Report that is made as

much as 30 (thirty) exemplar and is turned over with Final Report.

Others rule in makings and reporting hand over:

a. Typed 1,5 spaces (one-half) space and is kept in diskette / CD corresponds with the

outcome in which it is turned over in order to reporting.

b. Diskette or CD consists script typing and map digitations.

FINAL REPORT - 7 -




CHAPTER IISTUDY APPROACH:

I n s t i t u t i o n a l Ob s e r v a t i o n

a n d L e g a l A sp e c t

2.1 Institutional Definition

There are many institutional definition which are said by experts of different field.

Institution is

..... regulation in one group of community or organization which facilitate on the coordination

among its members to help them in a desire to cooperate or connect each other to achieve their

own goals (Ruttan dan Hayami, 1984).

..... regulation and guideline as a direction used by the member of community group to regulate

the relation of bound each other or mutual needs. Institutional arrangements can be determined by

elements: operational regulation to regulate the use of resources, collective regulation to

determine, maintain law or regulation itself and to change operational regulayion and arrange

relational authority of organization (Ostrom, 1985; 1986).

..... a group of boundary or restrain factors which arrange the relation among member or group

behaviour. This definition most of organization are institution because generally, organization has a

regulation which regulate the relation among its member or outsider (Nabli dan Nugent, 1989).

..... rule of game in a social group and influenced by economic, social and political factors.

Institution can be formal regulation or informal ethic code which is agreed by all of them. North

distinguish between institution and organization and said that institution is rule of game and

organization is its player (North, 1990).

..... institutional arrangement to join organization and institution. Institutional arrangement is a

relational arrangement among economic units which arrange are these units able to cooperate each

other or to compete. In this approach, organization is a question about actor or economis person

where there are contracts or transactions which is held and the main intension of contract is

decreasing transaction cost (Williamson, 1985).

MID TERMFINAL REPORT - 8 -




Based on definitions above, so institution is an arrangement or relation pattern among community

member or organization which is bound each other and able to determine the relation among

people or organization contained in an organization or network and determined by boundary

factors and tied by norm, formal or informal code of ehtics to restraint social behaviour and

insentive to cooperate and achieve goals all together.

2.2 Institutional elements

From among definitions we can summarize several impotant institutional elements, are as follows:

• Institution is a base to build community social behaviour

• Behavioral norm which is tied in community and accepted broadly to serve the same goals

have such value and produce interaction among people structurally

• Regulation and maintain rule/law

• Regulation in community which fasilitate coordination and cooperation supported by behaviour,

rights and obligation of members.

• Code of ethics

• Contract

• Market

• Property rights or tenureship

• Organisazation

• Insentive to produce behavior desired

From elements above we can see that the definition of institution be dominated by regulation’s

elements, behaviour or code of ethic, norm, law and other bound factors among community

member which support each other and can produce something because of security, guaranty to

authorizing of resources supported by regulation and maintain law and incentive to obey the

regulation or run such instituion. There no human being or organization which can live without

interaction with mutual bound community or organization.

Institution can develop well if there are institutional infrastructures, institutional arrangements and

institutional mechanism.

Concerning to background theory above, we want to close institutional analysis from two main

point of view. There are institution as organization and institution as rule of game like stated

above. Different from institutional development on business, trade and industry, institutional

development on agroforestry hard enough because the complexities of components development.

There are ecological, technological, farm production system, forest management, social economic

and political aspects.





2.3. Basic Thought

Nowadays, development and utilization of water resources in study area face increasingly

complex problems and challenges. Among which are:

Increase of needs and demand of service quality of water supply despiteincreasingly more limited capability of providing it.

Increase of water resource environmental degradation both in quantity and

quality due to culture activity and uncontrollable pollution.

Increase of worsening water utilization conflict among water users.

Weak inter-sector coordination resulting in condition of disintegrated planning,

development, utilization and management of water resources.

Disestablished water resources management institution.

Insufficient awareness and participation of private sector and community.

Overlapping inter-departmental regulation and program.

Very limited government budget for development and O&P PSD irrigation.

Accumulation of those problems, later on, create treats such as decreasing support of

water resources toward development activity in all sectors including area untreated water

supply.

Furthermore, there have been changes of paradigm in water resources development, oneof which is perspective in viewing water, which was previously viewed as social object,

but now as economic object with social function. The change also includes the switching

role of government, form provider to enabler, from centralization to decentralization,

from single to multi-sector allocation, from previously marginal community participation

to more dominant one.

To anticipate the change of paradigm and consider the worsening condition of present

water resources, a professional, permanent, independent institution, which is able to

accommodate interest of various sectors or water users are necessary to establish.

Along with this, water resources management will be gradually led to the establishment

of a corporation having authority to manage water resources in a river area. This step

should be supported by increasing private sector and community roles. This corporation

development is focused on strategic river areas, which are socio-economically feasible to

operate.

2.4. Characteristics Of Water Resources And Classification Of River Area

Water characteristics are heavily influenced by topographic and geological aspects,

various utilizations, relationship (upstream-downstream, instream-offstream, quantity-





quality), time and its natural cycle. Due to its topographic and geological factors, water

resources can cross-administrative boundary.

Water quantity and quality heavily depend on quality of each area water resources

management, various water utilizations (agriculture, untreated water for domestic and

industry, power plant, fishery, environment conservation). Besides season (time),

physical nature characteristics (topographic and geological) and population condition

aspect, other water resources characteristics are schematically shown on Image 2.1

With the issuing of Regulation No. 22/1999 concerning Local Government, how to

implement decentralization and autonomy principles in managing water management

becomes main issue to discuss. This is related to water resources with flowing

characteristic (flowing resources) crossing administrative boundaries. With that

characteristic, its consequence in decentralized management is necessary to consider.

The followings are several consequences:

Utilization of water in an administrative area can eliminate utilization opportunity in a

downstream administrative area which can probably give higher value utilization

Water pollution in upstream administrative area will become social burden in

downstream administrative area (externality effect).

An upstream administrative area is water resources sustainability keeper, whereas

main utility receiver is a downstream administrative area.





Interregional Multi sector System Unity Intergenerational Part of Ecosystem

Co-operation Integrated Comprehensive SustainableEnvironmental Outlook

Water Resources : Vital and Strategic Natural Resources for EconomicDevelopment, National Unity and Resistance

Water Resources is integrally, comprehensively, sustainably and environment-mindedlyutilized with the approach of river area and implemented by considering government

administration system.

Water and Water Source(WATER RESOURCES)

Managed by the state, Utilized optimally forpeople prosperity

(Water Resources Utilization)

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

Can cover more than a

Image 2.1 : Water Resources Characteristics

What to consider related to those consequences is how cost and utility are managed to

share responsibility and income fairly and proportionally among involved local

governments, business sector and community. To handle the problem, tighter

cooperation and better relationship harmony between community and local autonomy

government are needed.

For the next step, division of water resources system (river area unit) following strata of

government administrative area is determined as follows:

1. Local River Area: is a River Area only located in an area of regency/municipality;

and/or a River Area potentially utilized by a regency/municipality.

province orregency/municipality

UTILIZATION

Among others, city dailylife, industry, electricity,agriculture, plantation,mining, fishery, tourism,etc.

INTER-RELATIONSHIP

• Flowing/dynamicresources

• Externality

• Quality-quantity

•

Upstream-downstream r

• In stream-off stream

•

Ground surface water –underground water

TIME NATURE CYCLE

• Renewable resourcesthrough hydrology cycle

• Present interest

•

Future interest• Unequal (time, place,

quantity and quality )





2. Regional River Area: is a River Area geographically flowing through more than an

area of regency/municipality; and/or a River Area potentially utilized by more than a

regency/municipality; and/or a River Area, based on the purpose of the related

regencies/municipalities and the result of evaluation, is determined to be developed

and managed by regional government; and/or potential and strategic for regional

development.

3. National River Area: is a River Area geographically flowing through more than an

area of province; and/or a River Area potentially utilized by more than a province;

and/or a River Area, based on the purpose of the related provinces and the result of

evaluation, is determined to be developed and managed by central government;

and/or potential and strategic for national development.

2.5. Basic Principle Of Water Resources Management

For the purpose of optimal and sustainable management and utilization of water

resources, it is necessary to emphasize the following principles:

1. Water resources have social and ecological functions, and economic value. It is

utilized as much as possible for people prosperity, and to maintain national unity and

resistance.

2. Utilization of water resources is integrally, comprehensively, sustainable,

environmental broad-mindedly planned. It is conducted through river area approach,

and implemented based on decentralized government system in accordance with

comprehensive and responsible local autonomy

3. Utilization of water resources is based on the principles of conservation, utilization,

fairness, independence (business feasibility) and accountability.

4. Community is gradually obliged to be responsible for water resources utilization cost

(directly or indirectly) based on cost recovery principle.

5. Community is involved in making decision through Water Resources Consultation

Forum in all aspects of activity (planning, implementation, control, management and

funding)

6. Utilization of Water Resources is given the highest priority to a strategic river for

economic development, national unity and resistance by considering the level of

socio-economic development, demand of fulfilling needs, and water availability and

utility.

7. River area management is conducted as much as possible by establishing corporation

maximizing potentials of state-owned company (BUMN ), local government-owned

company (BUMD), private company and cooperative.

8. State-owned company (BUMN )/local government-owned company (BUMD) is

established in a river area in which its dominant user is capable of paying

contribution.





9. To guarantee an optimal utilization and conservation of Water Resources, there

should be management concentrations related to Water resources management, as

follows:

Rain Caught Area Management

Water Supply Management

Water Quality/Water Pollution Control Management

Flood Control Management

River Environmental Management

Irrigation Infrastructure Management

2.6. Institutional Management Of Water Resources

2.6.1. Institutional Framework in Water Resources Management

According to Soekrasno Sastro Hardjono, from the point of view of its functions,

institutional system in water resources management can be generally divided into five-

element function, as follows:

1. Regulator or Government, is a decision making institution, represented by

government officers with authority to make policy/decision (for example; in local

government, they are Governor, Regent/City Mayor and Heads of related agencies as

their subordinates).

2.

Operator, is an institution having function to do daily operation and management of

water, water resources and infrastructure in river area. Those institutions are, for

instance, Water Resources Management Office (BPSDA) and Jasa Tirta Company

responsible for water management of water sources network, Land Rehabilitation and

Conservation Office, now commonly called Watershed Management Office,

responsible for watershed management. Those institutions are formed by regulator

with main task to implement the regulator’s decision concerning water resources

service to community.

3. Developer, is an institution responsible for building irrigation infrastructure. It

consists of both government element (for examples, Project Implementation Board,

State-owned Company, Local Government-owned Company) and non government

institution (investor). The role of these institutions is needed especially when demand

of water and capability of supplying it are not in balance.

4. User or Utility Receiver, includes all elements of community, both individually and

in group which obtain direct or indirect utility of water source management.

5. Coordination Board, is a board with function to receive and facilitate aspiration and

complaint of all stakeholders. This Board is a representative board with obligation to

convey opinions to regulator and at the same time provide solution and





recommendation to solve problems related to water resources. Its members are

from government and non government elements with proportional representatives.

2.7. Legal Foundation Of Institutional Development

Several laws and regulations becoming legal foundation in institutional development are,

among others, as follows:

1. Clause (3) Article 33 of 1945 Constitution, determining that “Earth, Water, and its

wealth beneath are controlled by state and utilized as much as possible for people

prosperity”.

2. Article 7 and Article 14 of Government Regulation No. 35/1991 concerning River,

Dam, and Flood Control.

3. Article 1 and Article 2 of Public Work Ministry Regulation No. 39/PRT/1989

concerning River Area Division.

4. Article 2 - Article 5 of Public Work Ministry Regulation No. 67/PRT/1993 concerning

Committee of Water Administration in Provincial Level.

5. Public Work Ministry Decision No. 179/1996 concerning the Formation of Water

Resources Management Office of Provincial Public Work Office.

6. Article 8 and Article 9 of Presidential Decision No. 123/2001 concerning Coordination

Team of Water Resources Management.

7. Article 2 – Article 7 of Law No. 7/2004 concerning Water Resources Management.

8. Article 1 – Article 13 of Government Regulation No. 16/2005 concerning

Development of Drinking Water Supply System.

9. Article 1- Article 4 of Government Regulation No. 23/2005 concerning Public Service

Agency.

10. Article 1 – Article 3 of Internal Affair Ministry Regulation No. 61/2007, concerning

Technical Guidance of Finance Management of Local Public Service Agency.

11. Government ordinance number 50 year 2007 regarding of

accompany territority government cooperation.

12. Minister regulation Number 18/PRT/M/2007 institutional with coordination of

drinking water supply system

2.8. Water Resources Management Institution In West Java

Water resources management institution in provincial level is Water Resources

Management Office (PSDA).

A. Organizational Structure

Head





Sub Division of Administration

Section of Operational Administration has the following subordinates:

1. Sub Section of Operation and Data Management

2. Sub Section of Maintenance and Reparation

3. Sub Section of Control and Security

Group of Functional Positions

B. Guideline of Main Task of Water Resources Management Of fice (PSDA )

1 . F u n c t i o n :

Operational executor of public service of irrigation

Operational executor of water and water resources conservation

Executor of technical service of administration covering finance, personnel

and equipment

2 . Ma i n T a s k s :

The office has many tasks to execute parts of public work office’s tasks in the field of

water resources management in river area, as follows:

Irrigation inter regencies;

Supplying untreated water for various (port industry, clean water, water-

generated power plant, water traffic, fish pond, tourism, etc.);

River;

Lake;

Flood control and draught anticipation;

Swamp;

Water pollution control;

Beach protection;

Estuary and delta.

2.9. Public Service Agency

According Joko Supriyanto and Suparjo, new paradigm in state finance management

in accordance with regulation package of state finance includes Law No. 17/2003

concerning State Finance, Law no. 1/2004 concerning State Treasury, and draft of law

concerning Investigation of State Finance Management and Responsibility of State

Finance (agreed during House of Representatives Plenary Session on June 21, 2004).

This, at least, contains three principles of State Finance Management. They are result-

oriented mindset, professionalism and accountability, and transparency.





The new Paradigm is aimed to eliminate inefficiency. It is strongly believed that the

government has been considered to be an inefficient, ineffective and slow bureaucratic

organization. On the contrary, in modern management, government unit should be

professional, accountable and transparent. Max Weber, the guru of modern sociology,

said that government had very important role. In mechanic viewpoint, government is as

a regulator, whereas in organic view, government functions as public service agency and

investor. The role as regulator and administrator is closely related to bureaucrat.

However, as a community service agent and investor, government should be dynamic,

and can be transformed to be an autonomy unit.

The function transformation pattern can be done in three ways; rightsizing (cut the

government ), corporatization dan privatization. Nevertheless, not all government

activities can be transformed to be autonomy units based on the above pattern. The

function transformation can be done in various activities, such as education service,

community health, population administration, seedlings and breeding, data processing,

vehicle administration, revolving fund processing, sport development, road maintenance,

tax and retribution collection, development of employee candidate, park and sanitary.

Meanwhile, the activities which can not be transformed to be autonomy units are among

others; legislation activities, regulation, service policy enacting, budgeting, judicial

administration, law enforcement and responsibility.

Characteristics and Type of Public Service Agency

Following the purpose of improving public service, it is necessary to specifically regulategovernment units, which at present have various forms and models that give services to

community. In accordance with Article 1 clause (23) of Law No. 1/2004 concerning State

Treasury which mentions that Public Service Agency is a government institution which is

formed to give service to community by providing it with goods and/or service. The

goods and/or service purchased are not for profit oriented, and in doing the activity; it is

based on efficiency and productivity principles. The explanation specifically shows entity

characteristics as a Public Service Agency. Those are as follows:

(i) Being positioned as government institution which is not separated from state

asset;

(ii) Providing goods and/or services needed by community

(iii) Not being profit oriented;

(iv) Being managed in autonomy way with corporation-style efficiency and productivity

principles;

(v) Work plan, budgeting and responsibility are consolidated with main institution;

(vi) Income, both revenue and contribution, can be directly used;

(vii)

The employee can consist of civil servant and non civil servant.





(viii) Public Service Agency is not a tax subject.

If it is divided based on its type, Public Service Agency is divided into 3 groups, as

follows:

1.

Public Service Agency providing goods or services including hospitals, education

institutions, license service, broadcasting and so on;

2. Public Service Agency whose activities are to manage areas including authority to

develop integrated economic area; and

3. Public Service Agency whose activities are to manage special fund including

management of revolving fund, small-medium enterprise fund, loan extension and

employee savings.

Finance Coverage of Public Service Agency

Because of the specific characteristics, Public Service Agency is dealing with specific

regulation that is different from entity of separated state assets (State-owned

Company/Local Government-owned Company). The differences are related to the

following points:

(i) Public Service Agency is formed to improve service to community in order to

promote public welfare and educate nation;

(ii) The asset of Public Service Agency is a part of state/local asset which is managed

and utilized to conduct the relevant Public Service Agency activities;

(iii) Supervision on central government Public Service Agency is conducted by Finance

Minister, and technical supervision is done by a minister responsible for the

relevant administration field;

(iv) Finance supervision on Local Government Public Service Agency is conducted by

officer of local government finance management, and technical supervision is done

by a head of local apparatus work unit responsible for the relevant administration

field;

(v)

Each Public Service Agency is obliged to make an annual work plan and budgeting;

(vi) Work plan and budgeting, and financial report and performance report of Public

Service Agency is made and presented as an non-separated part from those of

state/institution/local government;

(vii) Revenue obtained by Public Service Agency resulted from services it provides

becomes the revenue of state/ local government;

(viii) The revenue can be directly used to finance its expenses;

(ix) Public Service Agency can receive donation from community or other institutions;





(x) Further provision concerning the finance management of Public Service Agency is

regulated in government regulation.

With the new paradigm, it is expected that not only does government unit change into

Public Service Agency, but its service to community can also be professionally,

effectively, and efficiently improved by the administrator of the unit with later given

management autonomy.

Furthermore, based on Internal Affair Ministry Regulation No. 61/2007, on the level of

local government, Local Public Service Agency can be formed. It is Local Apparatus Work

Unit or lower work unit of Local Apparatus Work Unit in local government structure,

which is formed to give service to community by providing it with goods and/or services.

The goods and/or service purchased are not for profit oriented, and in doing the activity;

it is based on efficiency and productivity principles.




PILOTING MODEL FOR COLLABORA TION AMONG PDAMs IN WEST JAVA FOR IMPROVED WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Frame of Research & Approachs

The MDGS's 2015 goal is to indemnity the proportion of Indonesian citizen to get the

access to the sources of a safe and protected drinking water source that will persist.

The low level of services of PDAM in West Java happened due to the lack of good

quality water source in terms of quality and quantity, one of its main reason is lack of

raw water source that use nearby the service area of PDAM. The situation that

happens nowadays is the raw water source that utilized by PDAM tends to experience

downfall in terms of quality as well as quality, even if the raw water resource is

available but the position may be far away or lies outside the PDAM area.

The condition of ground water surface (GWS) in Bandung experiences downfall from

5 cm until 7,3 meters per year until 2005, GWS lies around 100 meters subsurface.

(Kompas, 22 April 2005).

The average level of clean water services by PDAM at urban area is up to 51,7% and

at rural area 5,4%. The main difficulty was faced by PDAM is on appropriation

planning, technical weakness, managerial weakness and institutional coordination.

The frailty of interdependency of PDAM to determine the investment program and to

manage project by corporation caused by PDAM whom involves to monetary crisis,

high level of un-accounted for water or leakage.

The high-level of drinking water investment cost each year (until 2015) shall be

provides by budgeting minimum 3,3 trillion rupiah and the institution development

costs as many as US$ 40.

The impact of decentralizes policy with the limit of PDAM authority, which based on

the limit by regency administration region which does not have the raw water source

struck the difficulties to achieve the needs of citizens.

FINAL REPORT - 20 -




3.2. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology

PDAM (4 Utilities in Bandung Region)

Technical Financial Institutional

History/Current data

raw water Supply

ManagementUtilization &

Protection of watersource

Current & ForecastDemand water/ RDS

Investment

Revenue

Operating Cost

Current Institutional of

Raw water Management

Tariff

Cost ProjectionFinancialProjection

Stakeholders AnalysisRole & Responsibility

Existing Laws &Regulation

UNEP

Environment

sustainability& Public

artici ation

IWRMPlanning

Strategic &Roadmap

SWOT: Political,Stakeholder,

Institutional setup

PILOT & DEMONSTRATION ACTION

Result/ Conclusion/ Recommendation:-Improve Water Resource Management

-Combined Institution & Capacity Building-Rules, Legitimation & Responsibilities

-Financial Projection & Fund sourcing- Portfolio of Implementation Project

Water ResourceSupply

Water DemandProjection

FinancialProjection

LegalRequirement

Institutional &Management

Technical &Projection Study

ManagementStudy

Political/ PublicAdvocacy

Image 3.1. Approaching flowing diagram and Performing Methodology

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3.3. Performing Occupation Segmentation

Performing occupation path that utilizing to follow the detail of performing occupation

segmentation that can be seen on image lll.2. Performing steps explanation of occupation

that is as follows:

PREPARATION PHASE

1. As a first step of this activity there will be personnel mobilization. Team member

matches their perception, to understand the task and responsibility on every

positioning.

2. Work schedule is arranged to establish workload and action plan according time and

location that is available. Each executor member needs to understand the task and

work position based on the work schedule.

3. To look for initial information about activities, obstacles and methodology scopes, job

executor has to find data that cover management literature data’s about wastes

control and environment, the role of citizen, and job frame of reference. Literature

study can identify concept, theory, fact, and methodology that are done. Important

variables that will impact the problem would not be failed to notice. Problems would

be solved clearly.

4. Identification of prospective locations and methodology need to be done to get the

picture of management system raw water source and develop PDAM at every study

regions, with component in it. It emphasizes on technical aspect, hydrology’s study,and Managerial study covers: financial, organization and institute with society

stakeholder and Institution. On this beginning phase was made ready by

methodology that can be applied.

5. Final activity on this phase is advance write-up collation. This reporting words work

schedule, analyze data and methodology that can be applied.

DATA COLLECTING AND ANALYSIS

1. It starts with initial data collecting about service conditions, administration on

PDAMs region and management. Gathered data includes observation data,

interview data with fresh water stakeholder, and regulation data about institute,

raw water source protection, regulation, and law.

2. Formulation of problem and hypothesis have to be done, hence trouble-shooting

effort can be carried on effectively.

3. Location establishment chosen by reassures factors such as territorial as a water

canton and demand cluster, elevation level, condition of topography, at that region.

To choose the location, needs to be done carefully to get a good region, hence can

provide any significant with condition of topography, raw water source deficit that

FINAL REPORT - 22 -




currently happening and alternative source that can make raw water source

implemented and fulfilled the method.

4. Survey is done at region already being chosen. Executor surveys will get survey

data about technical aspect and non-technical on PDAMs control and raw water

source management and institutional collaborations scenario. During this activity,

job executor carry on initial works program already been scheduled.

5. Data processing and analysis is done for produce raw data as input of institutional

model development collaboration with exhaustive resource management aspect,

financially, operational technical, law, rules and regulation.

6. Termporary report is made after getting all the obstacles on field, analyses result

data, and surveys on performance at location region.

3.4. Data Collecting method

This research will utilize secondary data from ESP, PDAM is bound up government agency

with water resource, and territorial raw water source survey as well as variety institute or

institution that bound up with this research in terms of Regency level / region city

surveys and also district that is already be determined. In addition this research utilize

stemmed data from literature survey and research that has once been done previously.

3.5. Analysis method

This research utilizes explorative method to answers question. This method has its own

benefits, which is so flexible and unstructured hence it makes easier to get ideas and

suggestion regarding the situation of a problem. Observational approach by using

quantitative approach that strengthens by qualitative approach in analysis. The data that

has been analyzes quantitatively is technique/ operational drinking water management

data, financial, estimation and raw water source projection. Demand cluster and Water

District

3.5.1. Hydro analysis – Geological

Demand Cluster's analysis

Water District's analysis

3.5.2. PDAM Performance Analysis

Analysis and in depth evaluation to 4 PDAM Collaborations (PDAM Bandung, PDAM

Bandung Regency, PDAM Subang Regency, PDAM Sumedang Regency) done by

assessment with performance scoring method which already common and well-known by

PDAM particularly in West Java which is Performance Scoring Method based on Water

Enterprise Performance Assessment (WEPA).

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WEPA Assessment is a corporate achievement estimation that is utilized in corporate

achievement estimation activity that is utilized in achievement activity performance 4

PDAM. This activity began by gathers data and registration into registers data.

Data will be collect at one of PDAM offices of 4 PDAM at Bandung’s curve. Data collecting

result will be analyzed by executor team in corporate achievement Estimation / WEPA

List in forms WEPA Score who will assess:

Services level

Financial

Efficiency

Important functions

Organization

Continuity

Corporate development.

3.5.3. Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) Analysis

SWOT analysis will achieve images of Internal Factor Analysis Strategy (IFAS) and

External Factor Analysis Strategy (EFAS) from every aspect that bound up with:

Water hydrology, Supply & Demand, Legal Regulation, Political study, Stakeholder

community, Financial and Institution

Image. 3.2. SWOT diagram

WO StrategySO StrategyOpportunity

WeaknessStrengthInternal

External

Basic of analysis by using SWOT method with the estimation system regarding internal

and external factor that influence the performance of PDAM

Estimation to internal factor as well as external that based upon strategic role and level

of implementation. Both of the factors and the implication itself on PDAM on manage raw

water source in the territorial itself.

The process of analysis from both factors will be done by:

1. Establishing Internal Strategic Factor (IFAS) and External Strategic Factor (EFAS)

that will influence the performance 4 PDAM

2. Scoring implementation to establish weighted (average weights) to figure the

important level of all strategic factor whether internal / external for the one that will

be represented by numeral 0,0 to 10

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3. Scoring implementation to establish rating (level performance) of each strategic

factor both internal & external that established by Likert's scale 1 to 5. (5 =

excellence, 4 = good, 3 = fair, 2 = bad, 1 = poor)

4. Calculating weighted score by add in weighted with rating of each internal strategic

factor as well as external. Afterwards to get Full Scale Weighted, each weighted score

is added. This score figures how well Organizer PDAM responds positive on each

internal strategic factor that show PDAM'S performance in managing raw water

source on its region.

Components that are analyzed in IFAS and EFAS ranges:

Technological aspect, social culture, Law, Region regulation

Management and institutional aspect

Operational Technical aspect

Financial aspect

Managerial aspect

3.5.4. Fishbone analysis (Ishikawa’s diagram)

Fishbone analysis is done to see the map of problem by a phenomenon, if performance of

an institute experiencing reduction through the fishbone analysis, team strategy will

identify the cause of damage / failure / or malfunction of a system. It has to determine

the pattern and organization structure / institutional and critical factor that will be the

key of institutional performance successful. In general, a mock up of diagram can be

seen on image below.

FINAL REPORT - 25 -




Managing w aterresourcesRaw water source,Production, DistributionPerformance 4 PDAM

HUMAN

RESOURCE

FUNDMATERIAL

ENVIRONMENT FACILITYE HNOLOGY

Image. 3.3. Fishbone diagram

There are three basic that needed in order to construct source management institution of

raw water source which collaborate by 4 PDAM which are:

3.5.5. Institutional changed approaching (Change Theory)

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Image 3.4. Change’s triangle

Normativeneeds

Institutionalcollaboration

PDAM

FeltNeeds

RealNeeds

a. Felt Needs

The needs of institutional which can be felt by the region with its existence on managing

raw mineral source that locate on many passes of administrations which encourage of

self-demand. There is also the regulation aspect that already available; it has been

comprehend as regulation and instruction in achievement chart and institute

management.

b. Building trust

Trust is needed from each behalf, which has intended in managing raw water source,

production and distribution, element of trust is built horizontally, vertically also diagonal

of all stakeholder that is available.

c. Building consensus

There is the similarity of consensus among PDAM'S Institution, Stakeholder of water

source coordinator in West Java and territorial Bandung's curve. Moreover, the local

Government / regency where each PDAM lies to be able to synergetic the demands, role,

and function of institution concerning regarding raw water source management in

intermediate meter and length.

3.6. Implementation plan

1. On this phase, it has been done the implementation and installation by model and

technical help of solution that have already been arranged through technical training

and socialization that continually being done.

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2. The support of potential process and the collaboration for institutional development

of 4 PDAMs are being done by all policy taker levels in all regions.

3. Job executor carry out their works based on the programs that already scheduled at

field. During the execution, inspection is continually being done. It is meant to

protect the activity that is done in order to correspond the purpose of the activity.

4. After the execution time finished, the executor coordinates the natural resource that

proprietary and falls from that region. Counseling are given to local citizen to be

aware of the level of competency policy and fundamental region industries can be

perform.

5. Final draft report is arranged and turned over to supplier. This report consists of

several implementation activities that have been done.

3.7. Evaluation & Monitoring

1. The evaluation from all study activity and action plan will be done on this final phase,

also preparing relevant framework with the plan of strategic activities. Hereafter

there will be arranged a monitoring and evaluation pattern that will continually be

monitored by all parties.

2. The Last step is creating the book technical guidance and final reporting collation.

3.8. Data Requirements and Sources

Data type Data source

Water Resource study for the target including:

Primary and secondary is description and data analysis

Hydrology and Hydrogeology characteristics

Raw water protection requirements

ESP – USAID

PDAM 4 Region

PSDA Citarum WRECK

On duty room manner

General Director ofGeology

Water Demand Projection study for target including:

Population projection linked with water consumptionpatterns

Potential Water supply systems

PDAM

Latest Study

Outline Plan

Master Plan

Financial projection study for target including:

Cost estimate for water source development

Identification of potential financing streams

PDAM

Latest Study

Outline Plan

Master Plan

Institutional Management study, including:

Identification and comparison of different institutionaloptions

Conclusions and recommendations from stakeholders

workshops

ESP – USAID

PDAM 4 Region

Legal requirements and procedures for forming the legalentity

ESP – USAID

PDAM 4 Region for law

Local government /

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PILOTING MODEL FOR COLLAB ORATION AMONG PDAMs IN WEST JAVA FOR IMPROVED RAW WATER MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER IV

GENERAL VIEW OF

REGION

4. 1. REGION PROFILE

4.1.1. BANDUNG CITY

4.1.1.1. Geographical Conditions & Territorial Administration

Bandung is a capital city of West Java, in terms of National and International viewpoint it

is an illustration of West Java. Bandung city lies on co-ordinate: 6 0 50 ’ 38 ” 6 0 58 ’ 50

” South transversal and 107 0 33 ’ 34 ” 107 0 43 ’ 50 ” West longways constitute in inner

city those are on plateaus (lies in the heigh of 675 – 1050 meters above the sea surface

level). Nature in Bandung that has a basin shape has hills morphology at northern and

terrain at austral.

Bandung consists in Outflow River Area upper side of Citarum. Nationally, the DPS is

essential because it is one of the main distributors of Saguling and Cirata rivers, which

are utilized as a power plant, agricultural, etcetera. Geographically, Bandung is close

enough to Jakarta as capital of State and Commerce center, which enables Bandung to

expand faster on development area. The tremendous development of Bandung for the

last couple years were shown from the outgrowth of economical aspect and social as well

as territorial spatial exploit aspect.

City administration Bandung area is 16.729 Ha, before year 2007 consists of 26 districts

and 139 sub-districts / villages, meanwhile currently experiences enfoldment become 30

districts and 151 sub-districts.

The location of Bandung is relatively strategic and it can be seen from the communication

sector, economics sector and security, as a consequence of:

• Bandung city lays in highway axis encounter:

- Western – East facilitates relationship with State Capital

- Northern – south assist traffic to the plantation region (Subang and Pangalengan)

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• Position that does not insulated and through excellent communication will help

security agency to go to every corner.

For further information regarding orientation and the border of Bandung Administration

can be seen on image 4.1.

Image 4.1. Bandung Administration Map

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4.1.1.2. Morphology

According to topography, Bandung lies in heigh of 791 meters above the sea surface

level, the highest point is at north with a height of 1.050 meters and the lowest point is

at south with 675 meters above the sea level. From the south until middle part region of

Bandung, the soils are relatively on the surface level meanwhile the north area is hilly

region. Based on this, person can see the panorama of Bandung from the hills.

Based on regional morphology, Bandung lies in the middle of “Bandung Basin” that have

extent dimension of 233.000 Ha. The curve is surrounded by hills and volcano. The

picture of Bandung Basin from satellite can be seen on image 2.2 and image 2.3, it

shows the morphology diagram blocks of Bandung.

Main River in Bandung is Citarum River with their confluent, such as Cikapundung River,

Cimahi River, Cibeureum River, Cirosea River, Cidawolong River, Cikeruh River, Citarik

River. Citarum River upstream exists on top bevels of Malabar Mountain and Halimun

Mountain in Kertasari Regency. The rivers that lies around top Malabar Mountain and

Halimun Mountain generally constitutes “eternal river”, where water sprout every year.

During dry season, River flows come from wellspring - wellspring and ground water

seepage those are on a part upstream. Meanwhile river those are a drift from east can’t

partly constitute intermitten’s river, a dry river at dry season.

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Image 4.2 Picture of Bandung Basin from Satellite

4.1.1.3. Geology

Geology

Rocks that exists on survey's region are as follows:

• Aluvial's sediment

Consists of TALUS sediment (sediment from cliff), lake alluvia sediment and alluvial

river. TALUS sediment formed by gravel, unlike lake alluvial sediment and river

formed by sand, gravel, silt and clay.

• Young Volcano Sediment

Consists of volcano activities production, such as tufa sand, tufa clay, and breecs.

This sediment is found in volcano’s peak (Halimun Mountain, Malabar Mountain) to

the edge, which bordered with aluvial sediment.

• Volcano Breecs Sediment

It is dominated by andesit’s breecs sediment. These rocks are found in hills area in

Banjaran-Arjasari region and Pameungpeuk, also in west part of Soreang.

• Unbreakable Volcano Breecs Sediment

It is old volcano sediment that consists of pyroclastic’s and lava. These rocks are

found in slope valley Citarik river (Cicalengka).

• Breakthrough RocksBreakthrough rock (andesit) can be found limited at Malabar around Malabar

mountain and Patuha mountain peak.

Bandung Geological Map and its vicinity are shown on Image 4.3 and on Image 4.4

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Image 4.3 Bandung Geological Map.

Image 4.4. Bandung Basin Geological Map, appears that Cities surface part Bandung

covered by lake sediment, fluvial sediment and volcanic sediment.

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Bandung climate is influenced by moist mountain climate and balmy. Average Monthly

rain in Bandung are around 3000 – 3500 mm. Rainy season is occured on October until

May, meanwhile dry season is occured on June until September. Air temperature average

range are 26 o C - 32o C, meanwhile air humidity range are 60 % to 80 %.

Raining condition picture at Territorial Bandung Basin is shown on Image 4.5.

Image 4.5. Condition of Climatology at Bandung Basin territorial. (source: Dpt PU-

IWACO-WASECO, 1991).

Outgrow potency or ground water content somewhere will really depend upon

hidrogeloogy's local condition, for example type or aquifer compiler rocks, configuration

(thick, spread, form, etc.) aquifer, topography, rain, and utilized farm.

4.1.1.5. Demography

Bandung population based on data in 2006 is 2.270.970. That number determine

resident growth rate as big as 1,72%. As we described in above section, on 2007 there

has been unfoldment from 26 districts to 30 districts. But then with current caught data,

still utilize antecedent region condition.

Table 4.1. Population based on District and Density on 2005

No DistrictsPopulation

(Person)

Total

Family

Density (Person/

Ha)

1 Bandung Kulon 125.929 22.773 179

2 Babakan Ciparay 127.151 29.191 162

3 Bojongloa Kaler 118.948 25.381 387

4 Bojongloa Kidul 74.626 11.297 120

5 Astanaanyar 73.993 14.438 246

6 Regol 78.690 15.539 174

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No DistrictsPopulation

(Person)

Total

Family

Density (Person/

Ha)

7 Lengkong 74.621 13.889 126

8 Bandung Kidul 50.119 10.201 66

9 Margacinta 118.299 21.659 98

10 Rancasari 64.659 13.885 30

11 Cibiru 79.968 15.877 60

12 Ujungberung 77.096 16.946 60

13 Arcamanik 62.777 13.591 66

14 Cicadas 97.561 21.883 102

15 Kiaracondong 125.600 26.091 195

16 Batununggal 121.650 25.522 220

17 Sumur Bandung 40.594 8.987 119

18 Andir 95.447 19.066 231

19 Cicendo 102.139 20.931 147

20 Bandung Wetan 33.404 8.169 99

21 Cibeunying Kidul 109.337 21.717 194

22 Cibeunying Kaler 70.546 15.211 270

23 Coblong 122.161 21.363 158

24 Sukajadi 100.943 17.893 250

25 Sukasari 77.750 14.682 120

26 Cidadap 46.962 10.296 64

Total 2.270.970

Source: Bandung In 2005

4.1.1.6. Economic Structure

Economic growth constitutes a picture that shows progress of development or

decreasement economy that formed a region based on various kind of economic sector.

This indicator, is an essential ingredient to know whether the development has been

succesful and beneficent to determine development in the future.

To see fluctuation of economic growth, represented by showing PDRB’s data based on

basic periodic price. Positive growth points out to mark sense economics development,

on the contrary if negative points out decreasement.

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Table 4.2. Economic growth of Bandung Distric in 2005

LPE (%) District Total

≤ 5,99 - -

6,00 – 6,99 Cicadas, Ujungberung, Bandung Kulon, Arcamanik 4

7,00 – 7,99 Bandung Wetan, Cibeunying Kidul, Cibiru,

Batununggal, Rancasari, Margacinta, Bojongloa

Kidul, Sukasari, Bojongloa Kaler, Kiaracondong,

Bandung Kidul, Cibeunying Kaler, Babakan Ciparay,

Sukajadi, Cicendo, Cidadap

16

≥ 8,00 Regol, Coblong, Sumur Bandung, Lengkong, Astana

Anyar, Andir

6

Table above show economic growth all district in Bandung in 2005. According to this

table is known that districts at Bandung on year 2005 have economic growth number

upon six percents.

4.1.2. Bandung Regency

4.1.2.1. Condition of Geographic and Administration

Geographically Bandung Regency lies between 6°41 ’ until 7°19 ’ South transversal and

107°22 ’ until 108°5 ’ East Longways.

Based on administrative, Bandung Regency has region which border as follows:

Northern with Purwakarta Regency and Subang Regency

Eastern with Sumedang Regency and Garut Regency

Southern with Cianjur Regency and Garut Regency

Western with Cianjur Regency

Middle part with Bandung Municipality.

With landmass 287.457 Ha, the geographical condition of Bandung Regency is strategic

to gain benefit for Bandung Regency especially on communication.

4.1.2.2. Morphology

Basically almost all regions according to their regional morphology turn in to Bandung

Regency. (See Image 2.2 and Image 2.3). The regions surrounded by Tangkuban Perahu

Mountain at Northern, with its top for example Burangrang Mountain 2076 m above

water level (awl), Tangkubanperahu Mountain (2064 m.awl), Manglayang Mountain

(1800 m.awl), and Bukit Jarian Mountain (1282 m.awl).

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The Citarum River which is in Northern Bandung is the main river here, their confluent

are Cimahi River, Cibeureum River, Cikapundung River, Cipamokolan River, Cikeruh River

and Citarik River. Those rivers have leaf form flow pattern (subdendritic).

Bandung based on their morphology is divided by 3 (three) units which are plain, hills,

and volcanoes.

Nature landscape sketch of” Bandung Basin” is shown on Image 4.6

Image 4.6. Bandung Regency Administration Map

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Image 4.7. Nature Landscape sketch of Bandung Basin, where a large part its region

most turns in at Bandung Regency region. Cimahi's and Bandung lies at Bandung Basin

in the middle part.

4.1.2.3. Geology

Geological condition information at Bandung Regency is gotten based on Bandung

Geology Map - Directorate Geological Bandung. Condition of geology planning region

based on litholog’s characteristic (Image 2 9), can be described as follows:

Tertiary Sediment, This unity is the eldest unity that is found. The revealed at South

part are being affected by significant volcano that consists of volcano’s breccs, lava, and

volcano conglomerate. At its underside as oceanic sediment, consisting of limestone,

naphal, clay, and limestone quartz.

T h e r e s u l t o f a n O l d V o l ca n o , this unity consists of interval between volcano’s breccs,

vent and lava. The breccs components are andesit and dropsy. Spreading in North

Bandung region is known as Formation (F.) Cikapundung, which found at Dago region

and around Cikapundung River towards Manglayang Mountain. Another spreading can be

found at Soreang region, Majalaya

T h e r e s u l t o f a y o u n g V o l c an o , this unity consists of volcano’s breccs, laphili, lava, and

tufa sand, constitutes the result of volcano’s activities; Tangkubanperahu mountain,

Tampomas mountain, Malabar mountain, and Mandalawangi mountain. The spread of

breecs unity in Northern Bandung district as known as Cibeureum formation and Cikidang

formation.

• Ci b e u r e u m Fo r m a t i o n , consist of reviewing sequences of volcano breccs to tufa,

each of sequence smoothing upper. The spread of this formation to the South, fan

and fingering form become tufa silt rock, and tufa sand rock. This formation has

thikness to 180 m, and has Plistosen Atas – Holosen old.

• Ci k i d a n g F o rm a t i o n , consist of melting lava basal, volcano conglomerate, rough

tufa, and volcano breccs. The stream of lava can be seen along Cikapundung river

cliff, Cibeureum river dan Cimahi which have thikness among 8 - 16 metres. This

formation has Holosen old. The others are spreading from this young volcano placed

around Manglayang mountain, Malabar mountain, and Mandalawangi mountain.

• A l u v i a l Se d i m e n t d a n V u l c a n o ’ s cl a s t ic r o c k , which known as Cibeureum

formation is arranged by repetition between breksi volcano breccs and tufa. This

formation is Pleistosen old and thickness about 180 m.

• K o sa m b i F o r m a t i o n or which has been known as lake’s sediment, the breccs

consist of tufa clay, tufa silt, tufa sand, and tufa gravel. The thickness of this

formation less than 125 m with spreading placed in the middle of survey area.

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Colluviums, this unity formed from the result of volcano’s ruin, consist of frozen breccs

pieces, tufa sand rock, and tufa clay. The spead is placed in Northern survey area.

Image 4.8. Bandung’s Basin Geological Map. West middle part of Bandung’s basin is

placed by aluvial sediment of the river and lake, Sothern is covered by young volcanic

sediment, whereas Western placed by Tertiary sediment.


Cimahi's is tropic climate, featured by marks sense dry season up to month of June –

rain season occured from September until May. Annual rains average in any region at

surrounding study’s region depends on surface soil elevation. On elevation + 700 - 850

meters, varying rain among 1700 3000 mm / years, meanwhile on elevation>650 until

top mountains (+3000 m) rain reaches 3000-4000 mm / Years. Raining variation

average annually and monthly on studys region area is shown in advance on Image 4.8.

FINAL REPORT - 39 -




4.1.2.5. Demography

Bandung regency constitutes one of the biggest regency in West Java, which is as big as

327.434 Ha. Bandung’s Regency population on year 2006 registered as 4.399.788.

Average citizen density at Bandung Regency is 1.391 people / km2. Supreme density is

at Margahayu's district as big as 10.522 people / km2 and the lowest is at Pasirjambu's

districts as big as 314 people / km2. Detail information can be seen on table below.

Table 4.3.

Terminological Population District and Density in Year 2006

No District Total PopulationDensity

(Person/Km2)

1. Ciwidey 75.795 1.476

2. Rancabali 49.288 326

3. Pasirjambu 74.440 314

4. Cimaung 70.450 1.244

5. Pangalengan 135.901 675

6. Kertasari 66.082 422

7. Pacet 98.891 1.044

8. Ibun 72.124 1.283

9. Paseh 111.118 1.852

10. Cikancung 74.417 1.782

11. Cicalengka 102.063 2.778

12. Nagreg 46.103 921

13. Rancaekek 155.188 3.326

14. Majalaya 149.817 5.735

15. Solokan Jeruk 75.942 3.071

16. Ciparay 142.054 2.987

17. Baleendah 178.153 4.136

18. Arjasari 87.243 1.303

19. Banjaran 105.259 2.381

20. Cangkuang 56.603 920

21. Pameungpeuk 62.717 4.164

22. Katapang 122.344 5.613

23. Soreang 147.783 2.130

24. Cililin 84.732 1200

25. Cihampelas 97.921 2.039

26. Sindangkerta 62.961 508

27. Gununghalu 72.551 438

28. Rongga 56.000 481

29. Cipongkor 82.210 1.048

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DensityNo District Total Population

(Person/Km2)

30. Batujajar 106.823 1.239

31. Margaasih 119.416 6.453

32. Margahayu 114.593 10.552

33. Dayeuhkolot 113.110 9.958

34. Bojongsoang 79.128 2.810

35. Cileunyi 125.640 3.863

36. Cilengkrang 40.486 1.314

37. Cimenyan 90.699 1.665

38. Lembang 161.313 1.594

39. Parongpong 84.783 1.897

40. Cisarua 62.211 1.091

41. Ngamprah 133.175 3.583

42. Padalarang 148.393 2.793

43. Cipatat 117.649 910

44. Cipeundeuy 77.307 741

45. Cikalong Wetan 108.910 943

Total 4.274.431 1.391

Source: BPS Bandung Regency 2005

4.1.3. SUMEDANG REGENCY

4.1.3.1. Geographical Condition and District Administration

Geographically Sumedang regency lies on position 107°44’ East Transversal dan 6°15’ -

7°83’ Soth Longways with administrative distric border as follow:

Northern with Indramayu Regency

Western with Bandung Regency

Eastern with Majalengka Regency

Southern with Kuningan Regency

Landmass of Sumedang Regency is 152.220 ha. Administratively the government

authority, Sumedang regency district consist of 26 districts area (kecamatan).

To see it clearly about orientation and the border of administrative Sumedang regency


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Image. 4.9. Administration Sumedang Regency Map

4.1.3.2. Physical Condition of Area

A. Topography

Based on topography map interpretation Sumedang regency district can be devided by 5

morphology unity, namely:

a. High Land: The heigh is 400 – 676 meter above surface of sea level, arranged by

aluvium and olovium sediment. This land can be utilized for paddy farm, agricultural

field, plantation and estate.

b. Relative smooth hills: The approximate height is 100 – 900 meters above surface of

sea level, with the mountain slope of 5% - 15%, the arrange of rocks are pumice,

tufa sand rock, sand rock, clay rock, nafal and volcanic sediment. The pattern of

river flow basically parallel and leaf formed, they can be utilized by paddy farm,

plantation, agricultural field, resident and bush.

c. Rellative medium smooth hills: The approximate heigh of 600 – 1400 meters above

surface of sea level, with the incline slope of 15% - 30%. Rocks formed are breccs,

lava and sand rocks. The paterrn of river stream basically leaf formed and gush.

The utilization of land for plantation, farm, resident, bush and forest conservation.

d. Rough relief hills: The height about 1000 – 1667 meters from sea surface with the

slope 30% - 70%. The arrangement of rocks are lava, breccs, and anglomerate.

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Generally the utilization of land for forest conservation and resident (tea, rubber)

with the gush river flow pattern.

e. Volcano’s cone: The slope about 30% – 70% which to the lower land will be slope

slightly and the slope is steep. The arrangement of rocks are breccs and generally

the utilization of land for forest conservation and on the hill for farm and.

River flow pattern, which exist in this area is dendritic pattern, which big rivers form the

small branch river and each small branch river form to other branches. But generally

river’s flow, which are exist in this area divided into 2 groups, there are Cimanuk and

Cipeles rivers. Although, this Cipeles flow constitute branch of Cimanuk river. From the

flows of the small and the big river where located in Sumedang Regency form the pattern

of DAS (River Flow Area). Globally, DAS in this area is divided into 6 Sub DAS, there are

Sub DAS of Citarik, Cipeles, Cipunagara, Cipelang, Cimanuk dan Sub DAS of Cilutung.

Topography Map of Sumedang Regency can be seen on Image 4.10, Morphology Block

Diagram Sumedang Regency can be seen on Image 4.11

Image 4.10. Sumedang Regency Topography Map

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Image 4.11. Sumedang Regency Topography Map

B. Geology

Based on Sumedang Geological Map (Bandung Geological directorate), rocks that exists

at Sumedang Regency area, can be stated as follows.

Tertiary Sediment, This unity is the oldest unity that revealed at East and North

Sumedang Regency, found like in Buah, Dua, Conggeang and Cadangampar area.

T h e r e s u l t o f T e r t i a r y V o l c a n o , this unity consists of interval between breccs volcano,

and lava. The breccs components are andesit and dropsy. The Spreading can be found

around Cadasngampar area.

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Image 4.12. Sumedang Regency Geology Map

T h e r e s u l t o f a n O l d V o l ca n o , this unity consists of interval between volcano’s breccs,

and lava. The bricks components are andesit and dropsy. Spreading can be found around

Rancakalong, Tanjungkerta, Darmaraja dan Wado.

T h e r e s u l t o f a y o u n g V o l c an o , this unity consists of volcano breccs, lavili, lava, and

sand, constitutes the result of volcano’s activities; Kareumbi and Tampomas mountain.

The spreading of breccs unity are dominated in the Middle and Southern Sumedang

Regency.

A lu v i u m / c o l u v iu m , this unity is formed by the result of the ruins of volcano’s activities

consist of frozen rock pieces, tufa sand rock, and tufa clay. The Spreading can be found

along big river flow like Cipeles, Cipungkur dan Cikeruh area.

C. Climatology

Rainfall record is + 2.242 mm/year, and average of the highest monthly rainfall occuredon January for 395,8 mm and the lowest occured on July for 36 mm. The enormous

FINAL REPORT - 45 -




rainfall days occured on January for 22 days and the smallest oiccured on July for 3 or 5

days.

4.1.3.3. Population

In the development, one of the most important assets in developing are population and

employee. The amount of Sumedang Regency population in 2006 is about 1.066.426

persons with the sex ratio 97,25. In detail can be seen on the table below.

Table 4.4. The Amount of Population According to District Population Density in

2006

No District

The Amount

of Population

(Person)

Head of

Family

Population

Density

(Person/Km2)

1. Jatinangor 92.212 28.544 3.452

2. Cimanggung 71.843 22.224 1.729

3. Tanjungsari 67.230 20.470 1.851

4. Sukasari 30.223 9.328 629

5. Pamulihan 50.504 15.600 856

6. Rancakalong 38.085 11.520 714

7. Sumedang Selatan 73.643 22.528 615

8. Sumedang Utara 81.942 25.136 2.844

9. Ganeas 23.628 7.296 1.08510. Situraja 36.333 11.088 659

11. Cisitu 26.919 5.384 1.298

12. Darmaraja 38.652 11.952 690

13. Cibugel 20.753 6.400 417

14. Wado 44.377 13.568 569

15. Jatinunggal 42.410 13.120 676

16. Jatigede 25.092 7.680 220

17. Tomo 23.786 7.296 352

18. Ujungjaya 30.790 9.472 375

19. Conggeang 30.542 9.424 284

20. Paseh 37.380 11.424 1.067

21. Cimalaka 56.709 17.088 1.337

22. Cisarua 20.556 6.016 1.065

23. Tanjungkerta 33.782 10.272 825

24. Tanjungmedar 24.490 7.552 369

25. Buahdua 32.961 8.256 246

26. Surian 11.585 3.584 224

Total 1.066.426 325.158 687

Source : BPS Sumedang Regency 2006

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4.1.3.4. Land Utilization Arrangement

Based on data of Sumedang Regency on number in 2006 the width of land in Sumedang

Regency is 152.220 Ha. The use of land most of them are state with the width 44.473 Ha

or 29,22 % from the width of Sumedang Regency, and the width for resident are 11.468

Ha or 7,53 %.

Table 4.5. The use of land in Sumedang Regency in 2005

2005

No. Kind of use Width

(Ha)%

1 Sawah 33.460 21,98

2 Pekarangan 11.468 7,53

3 Tegal / Kebun 33.544 22,04

4 Ladang / Huma 8.727 5,73

5 Sementara tidak diusahakan 55 0,036

6 Hutan Rakyat 13.658 8,97

7 Hutan Negara 44.473 29,22

8 Perkebunan 3.711 2,44

10 Kolam/Tebat/Empang 2.512 1,65

11 Lain-lain 612 0,40

Jumlah 152.220 100

Source : Sumedang Regency in number, 2006

4.1.4. Subang Regency

4.1.4.1 Geographical Condition

Subang Regency lies on the North of West Java, which is located on geograpical site

between 107° 29’ 00” – 107° 51’ 30” East tranversal dan 6° 12’ 50” - 6° 49’ 50” South

longways. Based on the regulation number 4 year 1968 about establishment of Subang

Regency, administratif border area of Subang Regency are on the North with Java Sea,

on the South with Bandung Regency, on the East with Sumedang Regency and

Indramayu Regency, and on the West with Purwakarta regency and Karawang Regency.

The width of Subang Regency is 205. 176 ha. or 4,64% from the width West Java

Province.

Based on topography, in general Subang Regency is divided into 3 (three) morphology

zones, there are mountain area, flat land area, and beach. The average temperature of

Subang Regency is variety. In mountain area the average temperature between 21°-

27°C, and in beach area about 30°-33°C, with the humidity between 72% - 91%. Rainfall

average achieves 1.600 mm - 3000 mm/year, with the average of dry season for 4

months.

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4.1.4.2. Geomorphological Condition

Based on physiography shared of West Java by Van Bemmelen, reseach area is a part of

beach lower flat land of Jakarta zone (land of Northern aluvium Weast java). Bogor

Zone (anticlinorium Bogor), Bandung Zone (Middle depression zone of West Java).

Morphological form research area in general constitute part of morphological volcanic unit

with the height of 200 metres to 3000 metres above the sea surface level.

Based on physiography shared of West Java, reseach area in Subang Regency constitute

part of Bogor Zone, Bandung Zone dan beach lower flat land of Jakarta Zone. beach

lower flat land of Jakarta zone start from the West edge of Java Island straight to the

East follow the North Beach of West Java to Cirebon City, with 40 km wide. This area

generally has flat morphology. Most of them are covered by river sediment and the rest

by lava sediment of young volcano.

Bogor Zone is located on the South of beach lower flat lower land of Jakarta zone. This

area stretches from West to East Bogor City, Purwakarta City and continue to Bumiayu.

Bogor Zone is an anticlinorium from the Neogen cluster, which strong folded and

including several intrution. Western of Bogor zone stretch to the West – East and curve

to North and Eastern to the West – South West to the East – South East and surrounded

by young volcano. According to Martodjojo (1984, in Sardjono,1991), Bogor zone

generally has morphology on hills stretch to West – East around Bogor City and on the

East Purwakarta this hills turn to South form curve around Kadipaten. Intrution

morphology that have been exist generally posses relief more steep compared by

intrution body in Bandung zone located in South. Generally, the main rivers flow from

South to the North and river branch in the folded area most of them has subsequent

characteristic to the folded area.

Bandung Zone constitute depression to each mountain which made a basin longitudinal

belt from Pelabuhan Ratu accross Cimandiri valley, Cianjur, Bandung, and Garut to the

Citandui valley and end in Segara Anakan. On the land border between Bogor zone and

Bandung zone is not clear because covered by young volcano sediment.

Beach lower flat land of Jakarta zone start from the West edge of Java Island straight to

the East follow the North Beach of West Java to Cirebon City, with 40 km wide. This area

generally has flat morphology. Most of them are covered by river sediment and the rest

by lava sediment of young volcano.

Morphology of reseach area which include in Segalaherang, Jalan Cagak, dan Cisalak

district in general constitute part of volcano morphology which is influenced by

Burangrang and Tangkuban Perahu mountain. Morphology of reseach area in general

constitutes unity part of volcano morphology from Tangkuban Perahu dan Burangrang

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mountain. Morphology of reseach area can be devided to several kinds of morphology,

they are:

a. Volcano’s Peak

This morphology unit place North West part of landscaping area. Analyisis of topography

map to this morphology unit is shown by spreading dense contour line, narrow and quite

longer. This unit condition look clearly to show the differences to surrounding area or to

other units in the research area. This part constitute volcano’s peak which in the height

about 1700 m – 2300 m above sea surface level. Generally, on this volcano’s peak is

arranged by volcanic materials like bomb, tufa, and volcanic sediment which have

separated characterictics.

The valleys, which lie on this unit form like the letter ”v” and have mountain slope are

very steep. This unit has high disection that pointed density of each valley distance.

b. Volcano’s Slope

This morphology unit lies Southern rsearch area and constitute below part from volcano’s

peak unit. It can be seen on topography Map, spreading contour line to form typical

pattern of tongue and radial.

In general, volcano’s slope lies on the height 800 m – 1700 m above sea surface level.

This volcano’s slope has declining slope about 150 – 450 and set by litology like sand

sediment, lava breccs, and magma breccs.

On the height about 1700 m – 1400 m above sea surface level constitute upper slope

part. On the upper slope part, rainfall water absorb directly to the below surface which

influenced by the nature of litology which pass water and can be found small branch of

river which retain surface water the function as the rainfall catchment area.

Image. 4.13. The feature on the volcanic slope which has been used as tea

plantation in Ciater area

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On the height about 1400 m – 1000 m above sea surface level constitute the middle part

of slope. In this middle part generally arranged by young volcanic material such as sand

material, lava sediment, and lava breccs. River’s line can be found in upper stream from

Sub DAS (river flow area) Cilamaya dan Ciasem in the South East part and in several

places found spring or leaking out of soil water. This area constitute rainfall catchment

area for ground water availability for area below them. In the middle part of slope in

several places has changed land become plantation, resident, and tourism area.

On the height about 1000 m – 800 m above surface of sea level constitute down slopr

area which arranged by sand material and lava’s breccs. In this area also constitute

rainfall catchment area and can be found river’s line which have perennial nature or

flowing along years. In the down slope part can be found spring formed sequence of

spring/spring belt which is generally used by society to fulfill household and farm needs.

In the down slope part, the depth soil water surface can be found about 10 m – 12 m

deep. In this area also constitute rainfall catchment area for soil water availability. The

utilization of land in this area generally is as farming and resident land.

c. The foot of volcano

This morphology unit located in the middle to the North research area and constitute

below part of volcano’s slope. The contour spreading pattern generally show stretching

mountain or stuck out straight but slope slightly to the North. From the pattern which is

shown by contour line, can be predicted that the gradient changing generally small and

resemble. This morphology unit cover the cone of parasiter volcano. This morphology

unit constitute the result of the cone of volcano and parasiter activities.

The foot of volcano can be found on the height about 350 m – 800 m on the sea surface

level which arranged by clay – sand from the volcanic activities material. In this area,

the depth of ground water surface relatively shallow between 2 m – 5 m. The utilization

of land on this morphology covers the agricultural such as paddy farm and tea plantation.

d. Volcano’s land

This volcano’s land unit is located in the middle of research area which cover area of

Sarireja, Tambakan, Cimanglid, and surouund them. This volcano’s land morphology unit

is located on the elevation about 500 m – 650m. On the Northern volcano’s land is

bordered by Cijambe Hills.

e. Volcanic’s hills

This morphology on the Sout East part of research area and this morphology expressed

by radial contour as if arise on the slope and foot of a volcano. Volcano which has arised

in one volcano’s body which has been existed to be called parasiter volcano.

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This unit has elevation between 350 m – 500 m, with slope between 27 – 40 %. The

processes which happened to this morphology unit are rotten, eruption, and landslide.

Big rivers can’t be found, but there are little line which constitute line flow from upper to

down part.

4.1.4.3. Geological Condition

Research area which include in Segalaherang, Jalan Cagak, dan Cisalak district area

generally arranged by rocks from the result of volcanic activities. The units of rock which

arranged research area can be divided by several litology’s unit, they are:

a. Lava Breccs

This lava bricks sediment located in Eastern South part research area. The form of

spread along to the North with many spread out. The spread of this andesit unit form

mountain stuck out straight pattern and give the feature like flow pattern. Labelling this

unit based on arrangement of litology there are rocks with andesit – basaltic fragment

which was planted to the matrics as mineral have the basalt nature.

From the revaealed which have been obtain in the field, the rocks on litology unit shows

grey to blackness color, compac dan massive, consist of aphanitic and phenocris basic

mass observed mineral as plagioclas. On the top, there are gas cavities and the feature

breccs and slabs. These rocks unit are formed from lava flow which then they are settled.

Consequences of flow and sediment, so the flow will be autobrecciated .

Image 4.14. The figure of breccs lava near Cilele Spring,

Kecamatan Jalan Cagak

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b. Lava

This lave sediment unit revealed well in the research area. Name given this unit based on

arranged litology mainly is lava. This unit spread in the middle of landscaping.

This litology unit is placed in the high topography area which constitute slope to the

volcano’s peak. Lateral Spreading from this unit wide and thick enough. This lava

sediment unit shows grey to blakness color, porphyroaphanitic texture, compac dan

massive, consist of aphanitic and phenocris basic mass observed mineral as plagioklas,

phyrocsen, and opaque mineral. In this unit can be found slab of stone and contain many

gas cavities. This reflects that process of formed rock unit is stream lava. On the

revealed lava sediment can be found solid lava revealed.

Image 4.15. the figure of lava sediment with solid structure pieces in Ciater

area.

Image 4.16. the figure of revealed lava with solid structure

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c. Cavity Basalt

Name given on this litology unit based on arrangement of litology like frozen basalt rock

which show physical nature have many air cavities and have spread out widely. The

revealed of cavity basalt unit can be found spread in the surface with cavity basalt form

in blocks group and often in water incision line. The revealed has been many rotten and

shows black to browness color.

The unit of cavity basalt megascopiscally show the physical nature coloured gray,

compact dan massive, has many air cavities, porphyroaphanitic texture, contining

mineral like basic mass aphanit and phenocris observed mineral as plagioklas, phyrocsen,

and opaque mineral.

Gambar 4.17. the figure of lava basalt cavity

4.1.4.4. Population

In general the population in research Area Subang Resident in the terms of border in

upper-down steam sub DAS Cilamaya, Ciasem, and Cipunagara are as follows:

- Kec. Jalan Cagak has width area 122 Km² and the amount of population 73.224persons with density 627 persons/ Km².

- Kec. Sagalaherang has width area 125 Km² and the amount of population 48.849

persons with density 408 persons / Km².

- Kec. Cisalak has width area 104 Km² and the amount of population 49.711 persons

with density 498 persons / Km².

- Kec. Cijambe has width area 108.25 Km² and the amount of population 36.675

persons with density 498 persons / Km².

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PILOTING MODEL FOR COLLABORATION AMONG PDAM’S IN WEST JAVA FOR IMPROVED RAW WATER MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER V

The Condition OfWater Resources

5.1. THE CONDITION OF HYDROGEOLOGY

Hydrogeology condition in the research site refers to the result of Hydrogeology research which

encompasses 2 (two) sheets of Hydrogeology maps (scale 1 : 250,000), i.e : Bandung’s and

Cirebon’s.

5.1.1. Bandung’s Sheet (SOETRISNO ; 1983)

The sheet of Bandung, discussing the condition of hydrogeology, which is located in the central and

south of West Java, comprises the cities of Bandung, Cimahi, Tasikmalaya, Banjar, Bandung

Regency, Sumedang Regency, Sumedang, Garut Regency, Tasikmalaya Regency, Ciamis Regency,

Kuningan Regency and a part of Majalengka Regency (southern part).

Most part of morphology on this sheet are dominated with hills and mountains range, and active

volcanoes and only a little part as land, i.e. Bandung Basin, Garut Basin and Cikijing Depression,

and the seashore around Pangandaran – Cijulang.

The Hydrogeology of Bandung Sheet (Soetrisno, 1983) can be devided into 5 mendala of

groundwater based on the morphology condition, geology and the existance of groundwater, i.e:

The mendala groundwater in the land of seashore and river; which is spread on the southern

and eastern part of the map sheet, i.e the area around Citanduy River, Cileduk and

Pangandaran Beach. The level of free groundwater in this mendala is commonly shallow with a

little fluctuation. The low productive groundwater is in the depth of 20 - 40 m on the sandy

layer (under alluvial van). In the seashore, the aquifer of this land which relatively has high

passing (medium to soft sand) can cause the seepage of the seawater if decrease of

groundwater base is under the sea level, some of the present springs have debits of <10

lt/second.

Mendala of groundwater of the mountain basin especially discusses about Bandung Basin and

Garut Basin. Around Bandung, we know there are 3 main aquifer: swallow aquifer which

reacher the depth of 35 m, medium aquifer between 35 to 100 m and deep aquifer which

reaches more than 100 m (it is usually artisant/depressed), which have medium to high

productivitiy (between 5 liters/second – 10 liters/second). The flow of its groundwater movesfrom from north to south. It is different with Bandung, in Garut Basin, the depressed water

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ground can be found in the dept of 35 – 85 m and it has high productivity (it can reach up to

750 liters/second).

Mendala of groundwater from strato volcanoes; it is spread in the northern Bandung, southern

Garut and northern Tasikmalaya – Ciamis. The aquifer formatted has high productivity. Rate of

flow of spring produced is very high, especially in the bend of mountain slope. Some springs

spread around this area has a debit of 100 – 500 liters/second (specially in Ciawi,

Mandalawangi, Bayongbong, Gunung Sawal). In the northern area of Bandung, its spring has

rate of flow of 50 – 100 liters/second. The spring around Wayang Mountain has rate of flow of

50 – 100 liters/second. Hot water is produced in some areas of this mendala such as in

Wayang Mountain, Masigit Mountain, Kendang Mountain and Pamoyanan.

Mendala of Karst groundwater; this area is spread at the southern part of West Java, the flow

of groundwater in this area (limestone characteristic) generally passes the crack, gap or the

limestone dissolve canal. The springs in Kananga/Parigi area has rate of Flow of up to 50

liters/second; Cibingung 150 liters/second, Cijegluk (Pangandaran) 15 liters/second.

Mendala of hills; in general, it is located at the southern area of West Java (in the north area of

Karst). The productivity of groundwater in this area is low and rate of flow is less than 10

liters/second including the shallow groundwater.

The use of water, most of water is used for domestic needs and irrigation. It’s only in Bandung,

Cimahi, Bandung Regency that the use of water especialy for industry needs. As a result of the

undercontrol use of groundwater there has been a decrease in the groundwater level

(depressed) up to 20 m.

5.1.2. The Sheet of Cirebon (SOETRISNO; 1985)

The areas covered in this sheet are: Cirebon City, Cirebon Regency, Indramayu Regency, Subang

Regency, Purwakarta Regency, Majalengka Regency (northern part), Karawang Regency (eastern

part). Northern part is dominated by the wide seashore leveling, start from Cirebon up to

Karawang, the middle part is the range of hills and the southern part is strato vulcanoes.

The seashore area is 2.5 – 10 km wide, its shallow groundwater is brackish but the fresh water is

still able to find in that area especially on the sediment of ex-river trench, which in the past was

used as bunds in the beach. In this area, the depressed groundwater can be found (at the deep

aquifer) in the depth of 60 – 100 m, with its rate of flow 10 – 30 liters/second. There has been alot of groundwater drillings in this area.

Groundwater in hills area is included into the group of water with low productivities; its rate of flow

is only 5 liters/second. In this area groundwater drilling is rarely with its rate of flow less than 10

liters/second.

The volcanoic area is the area with high productivity underground water, but in some areas such as

on the top of Tangkuban Perahu and on the top of Tampomas because it consists of layers of clay.

On the foot/slope of Cereme Mountain, such as in the area of Cipaniis, Mandirancang the

production of its grounwater is 1500 liters/second.

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The use of undergroundwater (especially deep underground one) is mainly for the need of industry

which is spread out all over northern seashore start from Cirebon to Karawang. For domestic needs

and irrigation they still depend on the surface water.

5.2. RIVER BASIN

Based on Land Plan of West Java 2001, water supply in river basin is divided into two categories,

i.e. average-flow supply and baseflow supply. Average-flow is a river basin flow potential which is

calculated based on the annual rainfall and the space of the river basin. Baseflow supply is the

debit of the river flow expected to exist even during the dry season, and calculated based on the

land use.

Based on the calculation of water supply and water needs as shown on RTRW West Java 2001 we

can determine the ratio of water needs and average-flow supply and the ratio of water needs and

baseflow supply.

Here are some categories used in determining how critical some river basin is as shown in RTRW

based on baseflow:

Some river basin is very critical when water needs in that particular river basin is more than

the baseflow supply or the rate of flow expected to exist even during the dry season.

Some river basin is critical when water needs in that particular river basin is between 76 –

100% of the baseflow.

Some river basin is nearly critical when water needs in that particular river basin is between 51

– 75% of the baseflow.

Some river basin is not critical when water needs in that particular river basin is <50% of the

baseflow.

Categories used in determining potential levels of water supply of some water basin shown in

RTRW based on average flow are as follows:

Water potential of some river basin is not available when water needs in that particular river

basin is more than the average flow supply or the water potential of the river basin.

Water potential of some river basin is nearly not available when the water needs in that

particular water basin is between 76 – 100% of the average flow.

Water potential of some river basin is lacking when the water needs in that particular river

basin is between 51 – 75% of the average flow.

Water potential of some river basin is enough when the water needs in that particular river

basin is <50% of the average flow.

Based on the ratio of the water needs and the baseflow shown in RTRW West Java 2001 we can

see that West Java province has 15 (38%) very critical river basins. Most of them flow the north of

West Java. Whereas based on the ratio of the water needs and the average flow, West Java has 7

(18%) river basin that also flow to the north of West Java which are categorized the district with no

water potential.

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5.3. WATER RESOURCES

5.3.1. Surface Water

The surface water condition is influenced by the rainfall and the condition of the river basin.

The potential forecast of a surface water resource is generally carried out based on the space of

water penetration where surface water flows to the river in the river basin. Water Research and

Development Center 2001 found out that West Java had 40 river basins, 22 of which flow to the

north of West Java and the nest (18 river basins) flow to the south of West Java.

The availability of water in each water basin can be divided into two categories, i.e. average flow

availability and baseflow availability. Average water availability is water potential in some water

basin which is calculated based on the rainfall and the space of the water basin. Whereas the

baseflow availability is the debit the riverflow expected to always exist even during the dry season,and is calculated based on the land-use. For each land use can be determined the value of each

run off. Wesh Java land use is divided into 4 parts, i.e. the water body, forest, mixed plantation,

and housing complexes.

West Java water needs looked from the point of view of water needs in each water basin can be

predicted for the needs of irrigation, clean water (suburbs and suburbans) and water needs for

industries with calculation standard as shown on Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 Water Needs Calculation Standard

WATER NEEDS CRITERIA

Irrigation 1Litre/second/Hectare

Clean water for suburbs and suburbans

a. Population >1 million

b. Population <1 million

250 Litres/person/day

150 Litres/person/day

Industri 0,5 Litre/second/Hectare

Resource : West Java Province Land Plan 2002

Very critical river basin category in baseflow shows that the water needs in that particular river

basin is more that the baseflow or the debit of the river flow expected to always exist even in the

dry season. Critical river basin category means the water needs in that particular river basin are

between 76% and 100% of the existing baseflow. Nearly critical river basin category means the

water needs are between 51% and 75% of the existing baseflow. And not critical river basin

category shows that the water needs are 50% or less of the existing baseflow.

In average flow, the river basin with the water potential is not available shows that the water

needs are more than the average flow or the existing water potential. The river basin with water

potential nearly not available shows that the water needs are between 75% and 100% of the

existing average flow. The river basin with the less water potential available shows that the water

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needs are between 51% and 75% of the existing average flow. And the river basin with the water

potential is enough shows that the water needs are only 50% or less of the existing average flow.

Based on the ratio of the water needs and the baseflow supply in 2001, West Java had 15 (38%)

river basins with very critical category. All the rivers in those river basins flow to the north of West

Java. Whereas based on the ration of the water needs and average flow supply in 2001, West Java

had 7 river basins and all of them flow to the north of West Java that had water potential was not

available category, as shown on Table 5.2.




FINAL REPORT

Table 5.2 Category of River Flow Areas in West Java

Category of River Flow AreasWater needs Ratio and

Water availability

Amount of River

Flow Areas

Rive

Good Flow Very Critical

Critical

Close Critical

Not Critical

> 100%

76% - 100%

51% - 75%

0 – 50%

15 (38%)

3 (7%)

8 (20%)

14 (35%)

Average Flow Potential water unavailable

Potential water nearly unavailable

Potential water poor available

Potential water sufficiently available

> 100%

76% - 100%

51% - 75%

0 – 50%

7 (18%)

3 (5%)

3 (10%)

27 (67%)





When we look at the above condition, in the river basins flowing to the north of West Java, the

water supply for various needs with the existing natural condition and water resources

infrastructure is alarming and needs integrated repairing and handling. Whereas in the river basins

flowing to the south of West Java, through the condition is not so alarming because the water

needs are less than the existing average flow and baseflow water supply, the water supply also

needs handling, especially the baseflow.

5.3.2. Soil Water Resources

Underground water in West Java can be found in the water holes underground. From 15 intercity

underground water holes, there has been identified underground water potential from 7 water

holes with 150 million m3 water per year. It can be used for domestic clean water, industries,

farming, etc. Nine millions m3 water was used by industries in July 2001 (121 water holes, 3,708

companies).

Industry growth in West Java makes underground water resources main water supply for

industries. Intensive and uncontrolled exploitation especially in industry areas such as Bandung

and Bodebek (Bogor, Depok, and Bekasi) Water Holes makes the water surface go down from 0.11

to 2.43 meter.

To overcome the existing negative consequences and to minimize the coming negative

consequences, underground water conservation needs developing based on the technical aspects,

such as regulations and limitation of taking underground water in the underground water

conservation zones. At the time being new zone system is applied in the areas of Bandung and

Bodebek (Bogor, Depok, and Bekasi) Water Holes.

Table 5.3 Underground Water Potentials in West Java

NO. CURVE

AVAILABILITY

(Million

m3/YEAR)

LOCATION

1. Garut 2,9 Garut Regency

2. Bandung & Lembang 78,8 Bandung Regency, Sumedang

Regency, Bandung City3. Karawang & Indramayu 39,3 Karawang Regency, Subang Regency,

Indramayu Regency, Cirebon Regency

4. Pangandaran 20,0 Ciamis Regency

5. Pameungpeuk 2,6 Garut Regency

6. Jampang Kulon 1,3 Sukabumi Regency

7. Palabuhanratu 5,3 Sukabumi Regency

AMOUNT 150,7


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Based on the data compilated from Hydrogeology Map in West Java, West Java is classified into 4

areas, as shown in Image 5.1.

West Java northern coasts i.e. Bekasi, Karawang, Subang and Indramayu are the areas that have

salty and breccs’ underground water. The areas that have aquifer and small productivities and have

very little underground water are Purwakarta, Subang, Sumedang and Majalengka and the areas in

the south of West Java, whereas the areas that have medium aquifer are Depok, Bekasi,

Karawang, Bandung City and Kuningan, Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Tasikmalaya, Ciamis and

Kuningan have aquifer and medium to high productivities.

Image 5.1. Underground Water Potention Map in West of Java

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5.4. NATURAL RESOURCES

Natural availability is a function from factors of climate, geology, and morphology/ topography.

Human activities around the resources then influence to the existing natural supply. Human

activities in this case, means land use pattern, sanitation system, water usage for various needs,

and other social economy condition. In other word, factors of climate, morphology/ topography,

geology and human activities around the resources are input, and natural availability is output, as

shown on Image 5.2.

The next stage the natural availability in an area influences back the pattern of the community

activities around it.

5.4.1. Tipologi of Natural Water Resources

In general the water resources in the area plan are divided into :

• Underground water : Shallow underground water, Deep underground water.

• Water source water : Surface appearing underground water.

• Surface water : Rivers, lakes or dams.

5 . 4 .1 . 1 . U n d e r g r o u n d W a t e r

Underground water is water under the ground surface. Based on West Java Province

Regulation, No. 16, year 2001, about Underground Water Management, the so called

Underground Water is all the water underground, including the water source naturally

appearing on the ground surface.

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CLIMATE

GEOLOGY

TOPOLOGY

VEGETATION

Community Social &Economy Aspects

1. Amount of Population

2. Social Cultural3. Pattern of Water

Utilization

4. Physical of facilities andstructure

Existing SettlementUrban/rural

5. Economic/Financial

Characteristicsof Raw Waterin Such Area

Technical Aspects1. The Needs of water

2. Production & DistributionSystem

3. Technical and Economical

Feasibility

G E O G R A P H I C A L

T E C H N I C A L & E

C O N O M I C A L

ALTERNATIVES

OF SUPPLY

DRINKINGWATER/CLEAN

WATER

Image 5.2. Water Supply System Based on Water Source

West Java has 15 Underground Water Holes. They are areas separated by hydrogeological borders

where all hydrogeological phenomena are going on such as the process of inserted, flowing,

releasing ABT, as shown in Image 5.1, they are :

(1) CABT Pantura (Kab. Majalengka & Kab. Kuningan)

(2) CABT Bogor (Kab. Bogor dan Kota Depok)

(3) CABT Sukabumi

(4) CABT Cianjur

(5) CABT Bandung (Kota Bandung, Cimahi, sebagian Kab. Bandung)

(6) CABT Sumedang

(7) CABT Garut

(8) CABT Tasikmalaya

(9) CABT Ciamis

(10) CABT Cimedang

(11) CABT Ciletuh

(12) CABT Ciater

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(13) CABT Cibalong

(14) CABT Cimandiri

(15) CABT Pameungpeuk

Image 5.3. Underground Water Holes in West Java

Source : Mining and Energy Department West Java Province – LPPM ITB

5 . 4 . 1 . 2 . W a t e r S o u r c e

Water source is underground water which naturally appears on the ground surface. The

natural appearance of the water source may be the result of topography cutting or

because of ground bursting or ground breach.

Water sources are usually found on the slope or the foot of hills. They are also found on

the plain. In West Java, water sources with quite high rate of flow are generally found in

the hills of young volcanic sediment or around the foot of a volcano.

Like underground water, the quality of water source very much depends on the geological

condition or the rock characteristic around the water source.

5 . 4 . 1 . 3 . S u r f a c e Wa t e r

River Water

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River water flow may come from direct rainfall flow, water source flow, lake outlets, or

the penetration of shallow underground water on the river walls.

Based on the flowing continuity, in general rivers can be classified into Perennial Rivers,

i.e. rivers which flow all year round, and Intermittent Rivers, i.e. rivers which flows only

in the rainy season. Perennial river water in general comes from water sources or

underground water penetration of rivers that have large water hold. Perennial river water

can also come from lake outlets or dams.

River Basin is the base for surface water resource management. Some river basins are

also known as River Area Unit, Referring to the Civil Works Minister Regulation No. 11A,

Year 2006, the study areas Bandung City, Cimahi City, Subang Regency are in the

Citarum-Ciliwung-Cisadane River Area Unit, Sumedang Regency is in the Cimanuk-

Cisanggarung River Area Unit, as shown in Image 5.4.

LAKES/ DAMS

Naturally a lake is sunken ground area because of erosion process or depression of

geological process and then filled in with water. The water source may come from river

water inlets, water source on the lake walls or directly come from rain water. Whereas a

dam is man made.

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C I M A N D I

R I

C I P A N A S

C I L A K

I

C I S A D A N E

C I S E E L

C I L A M

A Y A

C I T A N D U Y

C IW U L AN

C IBE E T

C I A S E M

C I M

A N U K

B E K A S I

C I B U

N I

LAUT JAWA

SAMUDERA HINDIA

DKI JAKARTA

WS KEP. SERIBU02.03.A2

7 ° 2 0 '

6 ° 3 0 '

5 ° 4 0 '

105°50' 106°40' 107°30' 108°20' 109°10'

Lampiran IV.13 : Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor : Tanggal :

Skala 1 : 1.300.000

U

30 0 30 60 Km 5 ° 4 5 '

0 ° 3 0 '

137°45'

137°45'

131°30'

131°30'

125°15'

125°15'

119°00'

119°00'

112°45'

112°45'

106°30'

106°30'

100°15'

100°15'

0 ° 3 0 '

5 ° 4 5 '

LokasiWilayahSungai

PetaSituasi :WilayahSungai

PETA WILAYAH SUNGAI DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA DAN JAWA BARAT

WS Kep. Seribu1.02.03.A2

2.02.04.B

Kode Dan Nama Wilayah Sungai

6.02.08.A2

4.02.06.B

3.02.05.B

WS Cimanuk - Cisanggarung

WS Ciiwulan - Cilaki

WS Citanduy

WS Cisadea - Cibareno

5.02.07.A2

WS Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidurian-Cisadane-Ciliwung-Citarum

KETERANGAN

Batas Kabupaten

Batas Wilayah Sungai Di Kepulauan

Batas Provinsi

Batas Negara

Batas Wilayah Sungai Di Pulau

Sungai

Kota Provinsi%[

Batas Administrasi

Image 5.4. River Area Unit in West Java

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Lake water sources in the planned area are very rare, except small lakes, like Situ

Cileunca (Lake Cileunca), Situ Lembang (Lembang Lake) in Bandung Regency. Main

dams in the planned area are Saguling Dam, Cirata Dam (in Bandung Regency) and

Darma Dam in Kuningan Regency.

5 . 4 . 1 . 4 . W a t e r D i s t r i c t

Considering water source management principle “One Water Source Hole, One

Management System”, before analyzing natural availability for drinking water supply

system in the area studied, natural water development area unit should be delineated in

the area studied for some water districts regionally in relation to the demand clusters.

A Water District is an area in the area studied, either a river basin, a part of a river basin

or some river basins combined that have water potential that can be used to provide

water needs of a demand cluster. The water source potential can be river water, watersource or underground water. Based on the meanings of Underground Water Holes and

River Area Unit mentioned in the sub-headings before, Water District in the planned

areas, regionally can be divided into 4 areas, i.e:

1) Bandung Hole (Bandung City, Cimahi City, Bandung Regency, a small part of

Sumedang Regency)

2) Bogor Hole (Bogor City, Bogor Regency, Depok City)

3) Sumedang Hole (Sumedang Regency)

4) Northern Coasts Hole (Majalengka Regency and Kuningan Regency)

A demand cluster is an area in the planned study area in which there are a number of

activities that need water. The activities can be farming (irrigation), industries or

suburban population activities. In this case, a demand cluster means population activities

that need clean water or clean water service.

As area study are consist of some demand clusters that will go through changes as

shown in the regencies’ and provinces’ RUTRW, demand clusters should be grouped in

line with area development in a determined time, so that water districts can also be

grouped in line with the development of demand clusters. All of them should be in line

with the existing suburban areas and the will be developing areas.

5.5. Water Source Potency

5.5.1. Bandung hollow

5 . 5 . 1 . 1 . So i l w a t e r

The border of Bandung Basin is pointed out on Image 5.5. This Basin lies around

Tangkuban Perahu Mountain in the Northern to Pangalengan in the Southern, and

Batujajar in the Western to Cicalengka in the Eastern. Administratively, this Basin is

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located in four areas as follows, Bandung Regency, Cimahi City, Sumedang Regency, and

Bandung City.

Based on Bandung Regency Hydrogeology Map (Iwaco & Waseco Consultant Department

General profession, in order to perform the project “ West Java Provincial Water Sources

Masterplan For Water Supply), study region of hydrogeology (see Image 4.18) can be

divided based on soil water occurrence in cavity between grains or cracking rock as

follows, which is:

Image – 5.5. Bandung Basin border (Source : department of mining and Energy West

Java Province LPM ITB).

A. Aquifer Found in Cavity Among Grains

• T h e A r e a o f H i g h P r o d u ct i v e A q u i f e r w i t h w i d e e x p a n s io n

In this area, underground water can be found in the pores between grains of aluvial

sediment. In Bandung Regency, this area can be found around Majalaya and Cikancung.

• T h e A r e a o f P r o d u ct i v e A q u i f er w i t h w i d e e x p a n s io n

In this area, underground water can be found in the aluvium sediment and space

between unseparated vulcanic sediment. This area can be found in the southern and

eastern part of Bandung City.

•

L o c a l A v e r a g e P r o d u c t i v e A q u i f e r

In this area, underground water can be found in bad sedimented vulcanic.

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Image 5.6. Hidrogeologi's map Bandung Basin.

B. Aquifer which is placed in the vicinity between pieces and little space or

breaks

• H i g h P r o d u c t iv e A q u i f e r W i t h W i d e Sp r e a d i n g

Spread from the midle part to the West.

• M i d l le P r o d u c t i v e A q u i f e r W i t h W i d e Sp r e a d i n g

In this area ground water is placed on the pore and cracking young volcanic sediment on

the terrain hills or on the river valley area.

• Spe c i f i c M i d d l e P r o d u c t i v e A q u i f e r

It can be found in the hills slope, which has volcanic sediment. It can’t be found in

Bandung City.

C. Aquifier which is placed in the hole or cracking.

• U s e f u l S p e c i f ic A q u i f i e r A r e a

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Ground water in this area is placed on the volcanic rocks hole sediment. It can be found

in Western Soreang area. In Pangalengan, around the peak of Malabar mountain this

aquifer correlated to volcanoes activities so that there are hot spring water. Heat from

the beneath of earth around Malabar mountain is used for Power Plant.

• U n u s e f u l S p e c if i c A q u i f i e r A r e a W i la y a h

Soil water in this area is placed on the young volcanic sediment namely, lava. This area

can be found around the peak of volcanoe and the peak of the hills.

According to Warsono (1986), Bandung Basin region can be divided as 3 aquifer’s

agglomerate kinds, which is:

1. Aquifer shallow, depth approximately 0 until 35 meters, type aquifer is not

pressed.

2.

Aquifer center, depth among 35 until 150 meters, arranged by CibeureumFormation and Kosambi Formation, it is consists of aquifer half-pressed to aquifer

pressed.

3. Aquifer in depth more than 150 meters, particularly laps over by Cikapundung

formation, it is consists of aquifer half-pressed to aquifer pressed.

To take soil water, until now generally comes from center aquifer in depth from 35 to 150

meters, but then for new artesian well was began to utilize aquifer center since

groundwater rate of flow on aquifer center was dwindling far.

The outgrow of groundwater potency can be identify as follows:

1 . A c co r d i n g t o Ev a l u a t i o n o f g r o u n dw a t e r p o t e n c y se c t i o n , D i r e c t o r y o f

G eo l o g y En v i r o n m e n t a l A r r a n g em e n t ( V i d e R u ch i j a t e t c , 1 9 8 8 ) incoming

groundwater that flows to Bandung Basin as big as 71x 10 6 m 3 per year, or equals

2251 liters/second

2 . S u k r i sn o a n d W a r s o n o ( 1 9 9 0 ) calculate the outgrow of ground water flows to

Bandung Hollow from diffusion region on high contour 1000 meters as big as 107,81

x 10 6 m 3 or 3418,63 l / sec. Total that constitute flow for deep groundwater that

generally constitute as confined groundwater

3 . Meanwhile on region under contour 1000 fill up groundwater based on calculation of

width open area multiples by height of rain season average a year multiplied by soil

type or rock factor.

To obtain the soil water data based on official artesian well that has permit for industrial

poverty, availability of PDAM'S fresh water, and another commercial effort. The numbers

to obtain groundwater assumed to be smaller from the real one consider many wild

artesian wells that have no permit.

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Co n d i t i o n o f a r t e s i a n w e l l

Condition of artesian well for many years can be noted as follows:

• Condition from the early of groundwater are exploited through artesian well at

Bandung Basin region (covering Bandung City, largely Regency Bandung, Cimahi

city, and some part of Sumedang Regency) will find artesian well a drift or artesian.• Until year 1980 total soil water artesian well with the condition of artesian remained

half.

• Furthermore on year 1981 until 1990 the expend was increased progressively

industry needs, thus on year 1990 it was hard to find artesian well, but on depth 200

meter it is possible to get artesian groundwater.

Image – 5.7. Hydrogeology’s block diagram south North Bandung Well Water

Basin (source: mining official department –LPPM ITB).

R e d u c t i o n o f groundwater s u r f a c e

In line with activity step-up social and economic around Bandung City Area, the needs of

raw water for various desires is getting increase, meanwhile the availability of the water

itself is limited. Eventually the raw water accessibility is one of factor that really

determines whether one of the area are to grow and develop nicely. One of raw water

source that exploited is groundwater source.

The expand of groundwater exploits on the last 2 decades cause soil water accessibility

becomes limited and critical, whereas later on caused groundwater surface decreased.

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According to ( H a r n a n d i , 2 0 0 0 ) the reduction of groundwater surface, based on the

expand in aquifer depth, can be classify as follows:

1. A n d i r a n d B a n d u n g A r e a , This region constitute industry region that dominated by

textile industry, pointing out soil water surface around 39,37 m – 65,17 m.bmt.

During period 1994 to 1999 groundwater surface decreased with speed 0,34 m /

years

2. Ci ce n d o a n d S u k a j a d i a r e a , groundwater surface around 15,44 m – 63,18 m.bmt.

During 1994 – 1999 groundwater surface decreased with speed 0,46 m – 0,72 m /

years

3. B a b a k a n Ci p a r a y , B o j o n g l o a K a l e r a n d K i d u l a s w e l l as A s t a n a a n y a r a r e a ,

groundwater surface cohabits around 12,40 m – 37,68 m.bmt. In 1994 to 1999

groundwater surface decreased with speed among 0,87 m – 2,32 m / years

4. L e n g k o n g , Re g o l , a n d S um u r B a n d u n g a r e a , soil water surface around 13,30 m

– 57,46 m.bmt. During 1994 – 1999 groundwater surface are down 0,02 m / years.

Soil water on this region is exploited to sustain the needs of offices, hotels, and

residence.

5. B a n d u n g W e t a n a n d C o b lo n g a r e a , the groundwater surface lies on position

around 19,24 m – 35,10 m.bmt. On this region, hotels, offices, hospitality, and

residences need to utilize a lot of groundwater. The reduction of groundwater surface

happened during 1998 – 1999 by speeds 0,44 m – 7,35 m / years, meanwhile in

1994 – 1999 the expansion happened with speed 0,14 m – 1,77 m / years

6. Ci b e u n y i n g K a l e r a n d K i d u l a r e a , groundwater surface lies on position around

14,35 m – 22,99 m.bmt. groundwater has been used for offices and residences.

groundwater surface in 1994 – 1999 tend to get on with speed 0,50 m – 0,74 m /

years, meanwhile during 1998 – 1999 it decreased with speed around 0,05 m – 1,27

m / years

7. S u k a s a r i a n d Ci d a d a p a r e a , groundwater surface lies on position around 9,13 m

42,34 m.bmt. groundwater surface decreased in 1994 to 1999 around 0,60 m 3,90

m / years, meanwhile during 1998-1999 tend to increased around 2,28 m 6,74 m /

years. The soil water has been exploited on this region to sustain hotels and

residences.

8. B a t u n u n g g a l , K i a r a co n d o n g , a n d M a r g a c i n t a A r e a , groundwater surface lies on

1998-1999 pointed out the increase with speed 0,58 m 0,85 m / years. Meanwhile

Textile industry and residences on this region particularly utilizes groundwater to

position around 13,99 m - 33,10 m.bmt. The Changing of groundwater surface in

during 1994-1999 there was a decline on groundwater surface up to 0,22 m / years.

support fresh water supply from PDAM that cannot suffice all needs.

9.

area generally utilizes groundwater. Groundwater surface lies on position around

Ci ca d a s a n d A r c am a n i k a r e a , textile industry and residences that located on this

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13,52 m 39,18 m.bmt. In 1994-1999 and 1998-1999 pointed out the increase of

groundwater surface, which each of area with speed around 0,30 m 2,04 m / years

and 0,05 m 1,00 m / years

10. U j u n g b e r u n g , Ci b i r u , a n d R a n c a s a r i a r e a , groundwater surface lies on position

around 5,50 m 38,38 m.bmt. During 1994-1999 and 1998-1999 pointed out the

increase of groundwater surface which each of area with speed around 0,01 m 3,69

m / years and 0,09 m 1,58 m / years.

groundwater exploit with aquifer in (> 150 m) was developed in central Cimahi region

and south, Andir, Dayeuhkolot and Cikeruh and Rancaekek. Before year 1970,

groundwater surface on aquifer is on top of soil surface which is approximately + 2,0 to

+ 7,7 m.amt. The decline of soil water surface on these region especially on Cimahi and

Bandung City region precisely at Andir was caused by the useage of water for industry

especially textile which can be shown at south Cimahi and Dayeuh Kolot.

Contour map of groundwater surface in 1955 and 2000 are shown on Image - 5. 8 and

on Image 5.9 . Shown by Gristle Zone division and Critical groundwater obtain at

Bandung Basin zone, including inside Bandung City. The effort to fix groundwater surface

condition at CABT Bandung, can be done in some ways, which is groundwater surface

industrial substitution usage (central west part industry) by surface water (from Saguling

Accumulating Basin) and brand augmentation. Other alternative is ABT'S taking cut back

on critical zone and gristle and as compensation ABT'S take shifted on safe zone to

substitute that cut back.

Image – 5.8. Bandung Basin Ground obtain zone map (source: Mining Official

Department–LPPM ITB).

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Image 5.9. Bandung Basin Taking groundwater Zone Map

Source : Mining Official Department –LPPM ITB

Gr o u n d w a t e r q u a l it y

As mentioned above that groundwater utilized more or less around 47% Bandung

citizens. Generally ground water quality is effected by:

• Compiler rock composition of aquifer also can be mentioned as natural factor.

• South Bandung City region (Kidul's Bandung district, Margacinta, and Rancasari),

aquifer’s shallow cover generally arranged by clay, sand, gravel that gets tufa

character of primordial lake sediment of Bandung (Silitonga, 1973) so the element of

iron (Fe 3+) and manganese (Mn 2+) generally high or even gets exceeding

raw standard drinking water quality, each of 0,3 and 0,1 mg / l.

From central Bandung to northwards the element content iron and

manganese decreasing even not exists, since the cover that brings water is

not from lake sediment.

Activities yielding contaminant human

o Family waste.

o Industrial waste

Organic matter usage

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5 . 5 . 1 . 2 . S p r i n g

Wellspring can be found on north cliff, east and hollow south Bandung. Generally,

wellspring appearance is cause by “ cutting topography”, with form pervading to drawn

around the cliff top. Water bearer surface as tufa sand that form a part of sand volcanic

early sediment.

The appearance of wellspring cause by structured fracture can be found around volcano

peak vicinity, such as in Pangalengan region (G. Malabar). At Pangalengan's region can

be found hot wellspring water, caused by aquifer surface effected on volcanic activity.

Some great wellspring that emerging at Malabar's mountain peak vicinity for example

Citiis Wellspring (70 l / sec), MA Kinceuh (115 l / sec), Ciseupan (95 l / sec).

Wellspring appearance zone at territorial Bandung Basin is shown on Image 6.10

Image 5.10. Wellspring appearance zone at territorial Bandung Basin

5 . 5 . 1 . 3 . R iv e r w a t e r

A main river that flows on Bandung Basin is Citarum's River along with it’s tributaries.

The width of DAS (river flow area) Citarum river is 1.675 Km2, with debit 42 l / second /

Km2. Citarum river consists of tributary such as; S. Cikapundung, S. Cimahi, S.

Cibeureum, S. Citarik, S. Cisangkuy and S. Ciwidey.

Cisangkuy river (long 27 km, “catchment” width around 270 Km2) and Ciwidey's River

(long 37 km, width “catchment” around 380 Km2). Ciwidey's River upstream exists on

top cliffs Patuha, meanwhile Cisangkuy River upstream has top cliffs of Malabar

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Mountain, Windu Mountain and Patuha Mountain. Both of rivers that gets estuary to go

to Citarum River constitutes “perennial's river,” where water flows every year. During dry

season the river stream comes from wellsprings and soil water drain on a part upstream.

On River upstream Cisangkuy, which is at Pangalengan region has “Cileunca's

Accumulating Basin”. Output flow (“out let”) Cileunca accumulating basin water and

Cisangkuy River flow, now exploited to PLTA, which is on Pangalengan region, Lamajang

and Cikalong. Besides exploited to PLTA, the potential of Cisangkuy River is utilized as

raw water for fresh water availability on Bandung City (1. 200 l / sec) and Bandung

Regency (100 l / sec). The intake building exists at Cimaung district, precisely at

Sukamaju village and Cimaung Village.

Cikapundung river, Cimahi river and Cibeureum river is adrift from hills at north

southerly Bandung City and gets estuary to Citarum River. Apart from the river there are

too another rills such as; Cipamokolan river, Citepus river etc. Total amount of river and

brook are 46 numbers with longing 2.654 Km. Generally, these rivers only operate as city

drainages channel. However Cikapundung River also being utilized as source for drinking

water.

Rivers at Bandung basin have greatly rate of flow fluctuation. This fluctuation takes in

that consequence:

On dry season, happens:

1. Supply water limitation

2. Inlay potency warms up water by sediment and waste that discarded by resident.

On rainy season, happens:

1. Flood or pond

2. Collected its waste at downstream and river estuary

This fluctuation proves to mark sense:

1. Wellspring get smaller because the capture region that getting decrease

2. The outgrow run off for lack of storage.

Out of all the rivers ones that really potential as source of raw waters for availability

system to a variety purposes because the fluctuation is not large is:

1. Cikapundung River.

2. Cipamokolan River.

Cipamokolan River rate of flow is not as big as Cikapundung River but it establishes

potentially for cistern on dry season especially for East Bandung region.

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1. Cikapundung River

Seen from its region capture Cikapundung River lays in hills on 768 m above surface sea

level with the hills characteristic on northern and low surface at southern. With height

among 725-750 m Cikapundung valleys comprises clamp down region for developmental

farm, particularly on northern including Coblong district. According to SK No.181.1

/'s Governor SK.1624 Bqpp / 1982 Regarding farm allotment at Territorial

Fundamental Bandung Raya Upstate.

Condition of Cikapundung River that gets critical due to the reduction of supply rate of

flow of wellspring at Maribaya. During dry season the rivers streaming be arched just

use to fill Dam PLTA'S tap Curves and PDAM'S supply. So river body that severe

dry, then the flow available again after discharge from PLTA (turbine water power plant)

Basin.

2. Cipamokolan River

Cipamokolan River is adrift at East Bandung region and Gedebage region constitute its

slick region. Besides Cipamokolan River (including Cisarenten River) and Cinambo River

have potency and threat for Gede Bage area. From Hydrology Analysis study to

Precaution Flood By Creates Artificial Lake at Gede Bage (yr 2000) that executed by

Observational Center And Developmental Department Water Resource (Kimpraswil) that

hazard of flooding has large impact so dam and water reservoir are needed. With the

water reservoir it gives saturated reserve contribution amount of water that required

water especially raw water for drinking water.

Surface Water quality

In general the quality of Bandung’s surface water was bad and most of the part above

class B raw waters quality. Only on internodes Cikapundung Upstream until Babakan

Siliwangi that still class B. the quality reduction of Cikapundung river upstream is from

North Bandung Area (domestic waste especially excrement and detergent score, and TSS

effect erosion), also the contamination originates from inside Bandung city that

particularly comes from domestic waste and less industry.

To recall the importance of Cikapundung River for the life of almost half citizens in

Bandung, therefore government via WJEMP'S project created project sub “Visibility Study

and Preliminary Engineering Design for Cikapundung River Domestic Wastewater

Facilities “ that currently in progress. This project is very accurate as strategic step to

save Cikapundung River. It also as a public awareness pilot with spirit that keep continue

in development.

From the result data that has been done by PROKASIH'S project from year 1999 until

2002 points out that 29 industry that being monitored (largely textile industrial) although

mostly have IPAL that has established but there are only few industry that its waste

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categorized well (fulfill raw quality). Water quality parameters waste that often does not

accomplish quality standard are BOD, COD, pH, TSS, MBAS, phenol and sulfide.

5.5.2. Sumedang Curve

5 . 5 . 2 . 1 . So i l W a t e r

Information of potential groundwater in Sumedang Regency was got based on

hydrogeology which is arranged by Iwaco (1991), as can be seen on the Image 5.11.

Hydrogeologcally, potential groundwater in Sumedang area can be divided by 5 areas

there are:

H i g h P r o d u c t i v e A q u i f i e r W i t h l i m i t e d S p r e a d i n g

In this area groundwater is placed on the pores between aluvial sediment. This area can

be found around Cikeruh. Groundwater limit around 5 – 10 liters/second, the depth of

aquifer 100 -180 m.

M i d d l e Pr o d u c t i v e A q u i f ie r W i t h W i d e Sp r e a d i n g

In this area groundwater is placed pores between from young volcanic sediment. It can

be found around Cimalaka, Paseh, Tanjungkerta dan Tanjungsari. Water limit of

groundwater are among 2 – 5 liters/second, the depth of aquifer 50 -100 m.

Specific Productive Aquifer

It can be found on the terrain of hills and volcano, especially in the Southern Sumedang

Regency. Water limit of soil wat 1 – 5 liters/second.

Specific middle productive aquifer

It can be found in the Nothern Sumedang regency, like can be seen around Ujung Jaya.

Water limit of groundwater < 1 l/second.

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Unuseful Groundwater Area

In this area is placed in the cracking old sediment and old volcanic. This area can be

found in Western and and Eastern Sumedang Regency, like in Cadas Ngampar and

Rancakalong.

Rare Groundwater Area

In this are soil water is placed on the old sediment and old volcanic. This area can be

found in the Northern Sumedang Regency, like in Conggeang and Buah Dua.

Image 5.11. Sumedang Regency Hydrological Map

5 . 5 . 2 . 2 . Sp r i n g

Spring can be found around Tampomas terrain, and with spiral around Tampomas

mountain. (see image 5.12).

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The amount of spring water rate of water > 1 l/second which placed in Sumedang

Regency. There are 374 locations, with the total water rate of flow 800 liters/second. The

most of spring is located in Conggeang dan Buah Dua district.

Spring with big enough rate of flow there are: Cinangsi spring (275 liters/second,

elevation +505 m) and Sirang Cipelang Spring (245 liters/second, elevation + 500 m),

in Conggeang district. Cikandung Spring (237 liters/second, elevation +595 m ).

Cipaneunteun Spring (160 liters/second, elevation + 550 m) and Cicaneang Spring (262

liters/second, elevation + 390 m), in Cimalaka district.

5 . 5 . 2 . 3 . R iv e r

The main river which flow in Sumedang Regency is Cimanuk River which flow from the

west slope Kareumbi mountain. Cimanuk river flor from the South to the North accross

Cadasngampar, Wado and Darmaraja district, and flor to the Indramayu Regency.Cimanuk river rate of flow in Tomo area about 6500 liters/second (cathment wide 1966

Km2).

Cipelang river as the Branco of Cimanuk river flow in the North of Sumedang Regency

across Conggeang dan Ujungjaya district. Rate of flow of Cipelang river in Ujung jaya

area are about 550 liters/second, with catchment wide 98 Km2.

The flows of those rivers generally from spring or water absorbment to the rivers which

have wide water catchment. The map of river flor can be seen on image 5.12.

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Image 5.12. River Flow Map

5.5.3. Subang Basin

5 . 5 . 3 . 1 . Ge n e r a l

Geologically, arrangement rocks in the research area consist of young phyroclastic

sediment, the measurement of limestone-boulder, low rate togetherness, high rotation

and permeability, hydrologically better as groundwater aquifer with aquifer among

grains.

Meanwhile, hydrological in the Cipunagara main stream has anual high regional waterfall

between 2.500 s/d 4.500 mm/year. The use of land for this area constitutes forest and

tea plantation and a little part as dry farm. Hydrologically the manner of land using of the

research area can be seen from capacity to the water resources still in good condition

and can be resist and absorb waterfall source become surface water and

groundwater/spring.

Based on both condition above so hydrogeological point of view of separated volcanic

rocks with thick rotten level as good medium to absorb, retain, and free surface water

(rainfall) in the bigger volume so that can be seen as groundwater reservoir which arise

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become springs with the function as source of Cipunagara river branches which is main

stream in Bukit Gundul mountain/Pasir Buleud.

With concentrate the compilation of different condition above so from the

geology/hydrogeology point of view, generally that area is thought as potential surface

water resources and soil both quantity and quality.

Image 5.13. Geologi Map regional Main Stream Area of Cipunagara River

Image 5.14. Surface across main stream area of Cipunagara River

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5 . 5 . 3 . 2 . Sp r i n g

Water source which have been analyze in Subang Regency are as follows :

Cikaruncang Area.

The wide of catchment waterfall area about 498,15 Ha, with the use of land are : forest

57,52 %, bush 8,42 %, plantation 32,61 %, farm 0,57 %, paddy farm 0,88 %. In this

area, waterfall and plant still have good condition, although still have some area on tea

plantation has been converted by the community around become seasonal vegetable

plants. This convertion of the land will decrease conservation value of the land and water

for Cikaruncang river if it isn’t set and controlled, it would be converted from forest

become vegetable plantation.

Cipunagara Lake Area.

The wide of catchment area of Cipunagara Lake is 41,97 Ha, with the use of the land

consist of: forest 97,83 %, bush 0,43 %, plantation 1,74 %. Based on observation that

the condition and land using for Cipunagara Lake still secondary forest which the range of

plant still good and the deviation of terrain is steep almost 70o. But the condition of the

lake has been shallow which will be serious when nearly lake surface planted by water

plants, so there are no more water catchment source remain in the lake.

The wide of Cipunagara Lake about 4,25 Ha with the depth of 1,5 meter, and in the rainy

season all of waterfall resources will be stay in natural dam in this lake, so become flood

because lake can’t afford to catch more water to the lake. It is caused by a lot of water

plants stay in the lake. And finally flooding the tea plantation near the Cipunagara Lake.

The capacity of flooding water from the Cipunagara Lake about 184 liters/second

catchment area about 41,97 Ha.

If condition and the use of Cipunagara Lake can be rehabilitated and adding the height of

the Lake in order to water which passed from the lake can be caught in the lake from the

area around it. If its height added by 0,5 meters, so that average depth of the lake about

2 (two) meters which the widw of the lake achieve 4,25 Ha so water source which can be

caught frequently in the lake around 85.000 M3. This lake as a big container and this

water source can be used as supply when dry season.

FINAL REPORT - 82 -




Cipondoh Spring Area

The setting manner of spring area

is utilized as plantation with hard

plants, paddy farm and couples

community villages. While the

setting manner of land regionally

as land which is used as dry farm,

plantation and community

residents.

Passed water capacity from

Cipondoh spring about 2.200 Liters

per second. Today, the use of this

water source still small, there are: PDAM Subang Regency and PT. Aqua which use the

source of each about 20 liters/second. The rest of capacity about 2,2 m 3 per second

haven’t been used and flow directly to Cipunagara river.

Mukanagara River

Mukanagara river flow the passed water to the different flows through natural small

canals which have flow’s capcacity about 25 Liters/second.

Cimincul Spring

Cimincul spring, this natural pool condition which has been shallow and water rate of flow

decrease, the use of land around spring as farm and paddy farm.

Hydrogeologicaly, Cimincul spring location

constitute several spring area complex

which groundwater source arise and form a

line of spring water with biggest volume of

water debit where which placed on on the

wall and curve where the water reveal can

be caught in the natural pool. The capacity

passed water from spring about 125

liters/second.

5 . 5 . 3 . 3 . R iv e r

Many rivers which are placed in Subang Regency but they constitute small rivers. Rivers

which were investigated there are:

FINAL REPORT - 83 -




Cikaruncang River

This river in the Western of Subang Regency

which flows from North to the South. Water

river capacity is about 915,9 liters/second,

derived from catchment area about 498,15

Ha.

Generally the manner of using land of water

source catchment Cikaruncang river hasn’t

changed although we can see the vegetable

farm activities but the width isn’t bigger as

the whole river Cikaruncang water.

Cipunegara River

Cipunagara river which is placed between two dams Cipatat the higher and the lower

have water capacity about 0,825 m3/second.

• Bantar Panjang Dam irrigation channel

Irrigation channel which constitute the part of Bantarpanjang dam, which will flow paddy

farm land in several villages in the upper stream there are : Pasanggrahan village,

Dramaga village, Gadog village, Cisalak village with the water source from Cipunagara

river. Flow capacity on the irrigation dam channel about 1,15 m3/second.

• Upper Irrigation Channel Cipatat Dam

Irrigation channel which is placed in the down stream from Upper Cipatat am. Irrigation

channel water source derived from Cipunagara river which arranged by a water door

systemy farm in several villages in the down stream.

In the down stream has other dam which has name down Cipatat dam one to another

range about 500 meters. According to people information over there that down Cipatat

dam built to change upper Cipatat dam that has ruined in 1998 because of extreme

flood. Water capacity in this irrigation is about 0,75 M3 /second.

• Irrigation Channel Down Cipatat Dam

This irrigation is relatively small to flow paddy farm in the down stream. Water capacity

in this irrigation channel in Leuwi Tunggak dam, Kampung Cigalumping of Pasanggrahan

village about 85 Liters/second.

FINAL REPORT - 84 -




• Cipunagara River (Cibogo Area)

the flow of Cipunagara river beside Cibogo

bridge which constitutes segment or

middle part of Cipunagara river so that to

the upper stream from measurement

location has branch system and supplied

from several spring which exist in the

catchment area in the upper stream

measurement location. Capacity of flow

about 13 m3/second.

• Cilamatan River (Cibogo Area)

Like in the measurement previous location

that it is segment or middle part of

Cipunagara river so that in upper stream

from measurement location placed many

river branch system and supply from

springs which placed in the upper stream

catchment area of measurement location.

Flow capacity in the river flow about 4

m3/second.

FINAL REPORT - 85 -




CHAPTER VI

PDAM’s Profile

A. Technical Aspect

6.1. PDAM BANDUNG CITY

6.1.1. General

PDAM Tirta Dharma Bandung City gives service to

covers 26 Regencies and 139 villages. In 2005, PDAM

Tirta Dharma gives service to 31% of population

through 141,274 service connections.

Those who haven’t got service from PDAM Bandung City

usually use groundwater as the water resource for

drink. Based on data got from Public Health Service of

Bandung City, they usually use groundwater through hand-pumping well and also artesian well

besides some use water from rain storing and other resources, as shown in Table 1 in appendix

2.

6.1.2. Service

The region got service from PDAM Bandung City includes all over regional administration of

Bandung City, which covers 26 sub districts. The scope of service is given to the people in

service area in Bandung City in 2005 only reach 31%. Service condition of PDAM Bandung City

in 2006 is estimated around 756,310 persons (32.9% from all population of Bandung City). That

service was carried out through Home Connection to around 630,910 persons (83.4% of all total

service) and Public Hydrant 125,400 persons (16.6% of all total service), as shown in table 1

and 2 in appendix 2.

Water consumption for Home Connection is approximately 125 litres/person/day whereas for

Public Hydrant is approximately 30 litres/person/day (1 Public Hydrant services to

FINAL REPORT - 86 -




approximately 60 persons). Water consumption for Domestic needs reach 86.4% and for Non

Domestic’s is approximately 13.6%.

The low of service is mainly caused by the low capacity of water produced by PDAM in Bandung

City as a result of the limited of raw water. In addition to it, the high water lost around 47% (in2005) has caused the low capacity of service.


Presently, PDAM in Bandung City has got around 2,576.2 liters /second raw water from the

permitted capacity based on SIPA (Letter of Permission for Taking Water) which only allow one

to take 3,059.2 liters/second water, as shown in table 4 in appendix 2.

The capacity produced by PDAM Bandung City’s installation in 2006 is only 2,084 liters/second

(81% from the capacity taken).

This year (2008) a new system for taking water is being constructed and it will be produced

from Cikapundung river as much as 600 liters/second, so the capacity of water taken is around

3,176 liters/second.

6.1.4. The Condition of Water Resource

Raw water which is presently used in producing pure water by PDAM Bandung City comes from

3 (three) resources, They are:

6.1.4.1. Spring

Spring which has been used by PDAM Bandung City located in mountain Northen Area,

including administration area of Bandung Regency. Location of spring tap usually is

located in Perhutani (Official Foresty) West Java area. Therefore, it needs good

coordiation and cooperation with related officer to continue tapping spring water.

A. Cisangkuy River

Quality of water Cisangkuy river in Cikalong is good enough because has been

previous presedimentation processed first. It can be a problem if National Electricity

Corporation (PLN) run the repairment on machines or maintenance on turbine, there

are oil or spilling flow to the raw water

Rate of flow Water from Cikapundung river which flow from PLN’s output turbine in

Cikalong still sufficient. Rate of flow for 1 (one) turbine approximately 5,5 – 6,0

m3/second and still have much water. If PDAM propose to take water more than the

amount allowed, it must be reconsidered water for irrigation. The permission which

have exist today is 1800 liters/second. There are 2 (two) instalations that tapping raw

water from Cisangkuy river, they are: Cikalong Lama and Cikalong Baru.

A . 1 . Ol d Ci k a l o n g ( Ci k a l o n g L am a )

FINAL REPORT - 87 -




Old installation tap river water in the down stream from Cikalong water turbine power

plant (PLTA) was built permanent dam, in the height ± 852,50 m at sea surface level.

Tapping building equipped presedimentation building which has mud drainage

equiptment and join with new building. Water are distributed through the pipe with

diameter 800 mm and 900 mm along 32 km, distributed to IPA in Badaksinga

Bandung on the elevation 753,20 m sea surface level with planning capacity 1800

liters/second previously Cikalong Lama Installation was planned with capacity 1000

liters/second, but today can just supply water for 700 liters/second. In Cikalong there

are not mother water meter to record water volume which flow in the transmission

pipe and distributed from Cikalong to IPA Badaksinga.

A . 2 . N ew C ik a l o n g ( C ik a l o n g B a r u )

New installation tap the water direcly from output turbine of water turbine power plant(PLTA) Cikalong first and higher from the old tapping building. Tapping building

consist of a tapping door, open canal with drainage to limit water rate of flow, a pipe

accross the river above old dam and its function is crossing bridge and

presedimentation which join with the old building equipped by mechanical mud

sediment drainage.

Planning capacity from new pipe are 800 liters/second through steel pipe with

diameter 850 mm along 32 km from Cikalong to IPA Badaksinga, in fact affordable

about 660 liters/second is not installed mother water meter in Cikalong to measure

water rate of flow through transmission pipe to Badak singa. To increase rate of flow

from cikalong still have possibility but need good coordination with official authority,

moreover, if water flow planning from Cilaki river and Cibatarua river and build a dam

in its river implemented.

B. Cikapundung River

Cikapundung river water when hard rain contains much mud so that decrease the

capability of IPA Dago Pakar from 600 liters/second on normal condition become 500

liters/second when flooding. In the future need modification so that it can fulfill

capacity for 600 liters/second when flooding or normal condition. Whereas takingwater from daily reservoir pool of National Electricity Corporation (PLN) does not

influence because it has experienced the presedimentation process and taking raw

water from pool only in a little bit. Todays, Cikapundung river has supplied raw water

PDAM Bandung City for 820 liters/seond from 840 liters/second allowed, consist of

600 liters/second for IPA Dago Pakar, 40 liters/second for IPA MP Dago Pakar and

pumping around bridge on Jalan Siliwangi 180 liters/second from permission of 200

liters/second for IPA Badaksinga. And now it will be developed taking water from

Cikapundung river (DagoBengkok) for 600 liters/second.

C. Cikapundung I (IPA Pakar)

FINAL REPORT - 88 -




A tapping building and presedimentation building are located 3,7 km in upper stream

from IPA Dago Pakar building, tapping building of PDAM exactly in upper stream from

tapping building of National Electricity Corporation (PLN), it has 2 tapping doors on

the right side of dam. Tapping building capacity, presedimentation and pipe have

diameter 700 mm for 600 liters/sec processed in IPA Dago Pakar to clean water

service in North area of Bandung half of them retained in reservoir R XII (± 845 m

dpl) with capacity 7500 m3 and the rest flow to reservoir R XI Cikutra (± 747 m dpl)

with capacity 11.000 m3.

The tapping of raw water from Cikapundung river to IPA Dago Pakar use a dam,

tapping building and drainage building. Tapping door equipped with filter to avoid

garbage to IPA. Generally, the garbage are plastics.

D. Cikapundung II (Kolam Dago Pakar)

A tapping building which take water daily reservoir pool belongs to PLN in Dago

Bengkok about 40 liters/second, processed in IPA MP Dago Pakar separately is not far

from Cikapundung I installation resulted by retain processed first in reservoir with

capacity 100 m3, then distribute to the subscriber in North Area of Bandung.

Ci k a p u n d u n g R iv e r / D a g o P a k a r P o o l

Water tapping for IPA MP Dago Pakar is done by pumping water from PLN’s pool,

Pakar pool itself tap water from Cikapundung river exactly in upper stream dam for

IPA Dago Pakar raw water, this PLN’s system before entering pakar pool without

presedimentation process first.

E. Cikapundung III (Jl. Siliwangi)

Tapping building which is located in downstream from jalan Siliwangi bridge tap

Cikapundung river by 2 pumps just flow water of 180 liters/sec from rate of flow

planned 200 liters/sec, flew to IPA Badaksinga in the height ± 753,20 m sea surface

level. Increasing debit from Cikapundung river still possible with the irrigation side

agreement, POJ and National Electricity Corporation (PLN) Saguling sector. Position of

tapping dot downstream water turbine power plant (PLTA) Dago Bengkok II with rate

of flow 600 liters/sec, obtain water from discard turbine of PLTA Dago Bengkok II and

must accept water as the recent conditions from PLN operation.

F. Cibeureum River

Quality of Cibeureum river water good enough for raw water but the cannel from

Cibeureum dam to IPA Ledeng through side road so that blended by the function of

drainage, to be afraid of waste water blend to the channel. In the flood of Cibeureum

river water become turbid and muddy but gererally run in no longer time.

FINAL REPORT - 89 -




One tapping building in Cibeureum river completed by presediment buildinng. Water

flew to the IPA Ledeng with planning rate of flow 40 liters/sec. Water flow from

Cibeureum dam to IPA Ledeng use open channel through side road. In the dry season

water rate of flow decrease to 30 liters/sec. the result of water after processed

retained in R XI with capacity 100 m3 then distributed to the North of Bandung West

Side. Increasing rate of flow from water resources is hard to be done because water

rate of flow in dry season is little.

G. Cirateun River

A Tapping building has been built next to the head water of Cibeureum river located in

Kelurahan Isola with capacity 5 liters/sec, flew to the IPA Cirateun for service in

North of Bandung especially in kelurahan Isola, nowadays average production below

capacity planned. Production average from January to September 2006 are 3,37

liters/sec.

H. Cipanjalu River

An new IPA from Cipanjalu river Ujung Berung with production capacity 20 liters/sec

is used for service in Ujung Berung Area. Tapping Building close to the irrigation water

control so that when dry season will be lack of water for irrigation and PDAM so that

need more intensive coordination with the irrigation management. Average Production

today’s is 14,38 liters/sec.

6.1.4.2. Inner Groundwater

To take inner groundwater, some deep drilling well is used. This drilling well was

constructed at the same time of Project BAWS period I year 1982. At this moment,

the debit of drilling well production is dramatically decreased compared to at the first

time when it was constructed. It is caused by the significant decrease of groundwater

level in area of Bandung Basin.

6.1.4.3. Spring

Spring used by PDAM Bandung City is located in the northern mountain range which

includes in the administration area of Bandung regency. The location of spring tapping

is usually located in the area of Perhutani West Java. That is why good coordination

and team work with related government agencies is very essensial for the continuity

of the spring tapping.

6.2. PDAM BANDUNG REGENCY

6.2.1. General

PDAM Tirta Raharja Bandung Regency in 2006 gives service to only 23% population of

administration area of Bandung Regency. Those who haven’t got service of water for drink from

PDAM Bandung Regency use piping medium for taking drinking water (which was constructed by

the Department of Settlement and Structure of Region Bandung Regency) as well as water for

drink from non-pipe medium. Based on data obtained from Department of Public Health

FINAL REPORT - 90 -




Bandung Regency in 2006, people who has no pipe water system usually use water source

coming from shallow well, hand pumping well, etc, as shown in table 5 in appendix 2.

The medium of drinking water with pipes which is carried out by Department of Settlement andStructure of Region in Bandung Regency was held since 1989 up to 2007, using the system of

pure water storing covering 1 (one) village with the water resource from springs, deep well.

The constructions of pure water in Bandung Regency which have been put in an inventory since

year of budget 1994/1995 until 2006 are 314 villages and in 2006 a new system has been

constructed i.e. system of spring with pipes in 44 villages, deep well for 6 villages, shallow well

for 60 villages and water terminal for 1 village whereas for the other 12 villages they got only

pipes.

The implementation of pure water construction aid which can be put in an inventory is as

follows:

• Piping system with spring resource are 190 villages

• Piping system with irrigation resource is 1 village

• Piping system with PDAM resource is 1 village

6.2.2. Service

PDAM Tirta Raharja Bandung Regency serviced 2 (two) regional administration, i.e. Bandung

Regency regional administration and Cimahi City. In 2006, there were 342,132 persons gotservice through 49,270 units connections. The service given to people in Bandung Regency and

Cimahi City is 9.89% whereas to people in serviced area which are passed by pipes reached

22.95% from 33 regencies with 107 villages as shown in Table 6 in appendix 2.


Up to now, PDAM Bandung Regency has used Springs, River, Deepwell as the resource of their

raw water. The capacity of resource which has been owned (based on SIPA) is 749

litres/second, and the capacity taken from those sources were 551.25 litre/second, as shown in

table 7 in appendix 2.


Water resource which is used by PDAM Bandung Regency comprises: Surface water, Ground

Water, and Springs.

6.2.4.1. Surface water

Cijenggel River/ Situ Lembang

FINAL REPORT - 91 -




This water resource is the main one in pure water storing system in Cimahi City which

has tapping capacity +/- 168 litre/second. Because of raw water from

Cijanggel/Lembang Lake is still far from pure water quality standard, so raw water

from Cijanggel River is first processed before it is distributed to the customers. A

complete processing installation is built in Cipageran. From intake Cijanggel River to

water treatment plant 5 Tanks for Releasing Depression.

6.2.4.2. Groundwater

There are 2 (two) active drilling well, i.e. Drilling Well 11 and Drilling Well 12 with

total production of +/- 7 litres/second.

6.2.4.3. Spring

Other resources for pure water storing system in Cimahi City are Cikudapati Spring

and Cisantole Spring which each is able to produce +/- 3 litres/second and 7

litres/second. From the two springs, pure water flows through distribution network to

the customers using gravitation system.

6.3. PDAM SUBANG REGENCY

6.3.1. General

Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kabupaten

Subang or has been known as PDAM Tirta Rangga asRegional-Owned Company (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah

(BUMD)) Subang Regency which previously named

Drinking Water Management Committee (Badan

Pengelola Air Minum (BPAM)) Subang Regency, built on

31st Desember 1988 on the authority of Regency Head

(Bupati Subang) Ir. Sukanda with Regency Regulation

Number: 03 Year 1988 about Establishment of

Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Subang Regency which guidance to Regulation No: 5

ear 1962.

pring source by target achievement for subscriber about 9.441 subscriber

connection.

Y

The beginning of PDAM Tirta Rangga operation has been using Cileuleuy spring source which is

located in Desa Gunung Tua that can flow about 600 SL to subscriber, and in terms of time

(1982-1998) water quantity decrease to 50% in the dry season and also subscriber quantity

increase to 5.500 SL in that time pushed PDAM Tirta Rangga for adding capacity with using

Cibulakan s

FINAL REPORT - 92 -




6.3.2. Service

Up to 31 December 2005 there has been 172,748 people got service from the total amount of

administrative population 1,365,930 which are spread out in 22 districts. It means that 12.65%

of the population has got service and it is written corporate plan than in 2013 there will be a

raise in demands for the customer connections up to 9,441 units.

To maximize service to customers some plans have been made PDAM Tirja Rangga among

others is to carry out the plan for resource and allocating raw water. From many raw water

resources, which can be found in Subang Regency, there will be a priority scale for using the

water and for the one who will use it should show a letter of permission given by the

government. The need on raw water capacity is made up to determine the allocation of raw

water plan which is needed by PDAM and for PDAM that has got raw water should maximize the

use of the resource so it will meet the need of the service area with water coming from it.


From the allocation discussed above, the existing raw water resource will be distributed to the

close region which has no SPAM such as Cipeundeuy, Patokbeusi, Legon Kulon, Tanjungsiang,

Sukasari, Serang panjang, Ciater, Cikaum, and Pagaden Barat and as a result plan I

constructing new SPAM in that district will be able to realized at the end of 2013 and all people

in Subang Regency will use spring resource, surface water resource, and some will use deep

under-groundwater.

SPAM carried out by PDAM Tirta Rangga branch spread out in 13 districts with total capacity

plants of 413.62 liters/second can be seen in table 8 in appendix 2.

For more maximizing its service with keep giving its water service, in 2007, PDAM Tirta Rangga

has realized its plan with allowing people in Subang branch and Pamanukan’s to use water in 24

hours whereas for the other 11 branches/units just got 12 to 21 hours service.


Resource of raw water belong to PDAM Tirta Rangga Subang Regency should be also managed

well specially in connection to its protection related to sanitation considering that pollution can

give a bad effect on its output. That is why PDAM Tirta Rangga Subang Regency made up a

combination plan with sanitation in order to do protection to the raw water. This plan is carried

out to SPAM having raw water resources.

FINAL REPORT - 93 -




6.4. PDAM SUMEDANG REGENCY

6.4.1. General

Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Kabupaten Sumedang or known as Tirta Medal is Regional-

Owned Company (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD)) Sumedang Regency. This company gives

service for people at the regional administration of Sumedang Regency through pipe system.

Besides PDAM, Dinas Cipta Karya Sumedang Regency also gives the same service to them. The

piping system carried out by Dinas Cipta Karya Sumedang Regency was started in 1989 till

2007, with pure water storing system for 1 (one) village using water resource from spring and

deep well.

Those who has no piping system service got non-piping system’s. Based on data got from Dinas

Kesehatan (Department of Public Health) Sumedang Regency, 2006, it was found that theaccess of people to get drinking water without piping system is from shallow well, hand-pump

well, etc.

6.4.2. Service

Service area of PDAM Tirta Medal in Sumedang Regency covers a part of regional administration

of Sumedang Regency. In detail, the service area of PDAM Tirta Medal can be seen in the table

9 in appendix 2.

Service coverage to the population service area in Sumedang Regency is 13%, whereas to the

service area is 41,11% and percentage to urban area is 25,38% (table 10 in appendix 2).


The sources of raw water used by PDAM Tirta Medal in Sumedang Regency are ground water,

surface water, and other water resources. The detail of the production plant capacity according

to its source is as it was stated in the table 11 in appendix 2.

6.4.4. Sold Water Production, Distribution and NRW

Water produced by PDAM Tirta Raharja Sumedang Regency can be seen in table 12 in

appendix 2.

B. Institusional Aspect

Institutions which have related to the PDAMs of the city / regency is generally the same, there

is no difference in meaning. From the picture .. below appear to run the PDAM organization

must deal with institutions in both the central government, provincial government and city /

regency. At the central level all PDAM related to the 5 institutions that are Bappenas (National

Planning and Development Agency), Directorate General of Water Resources, Directorate of

FINAL REPORT - 94 -




Environmental Health Development, Cipta Karya Directorate General of Settlements and

Directorate of Drinking Water Supply Development and BPP SPAM (Supporting Board

Development of Drinking Water Providing System). The relationship with each of PDAMs at the

center level shown in the following table 6.1.

Table 6.1 The form of PDAM coordination in Central Government Institutions

No Related Institutions Relationships with PDAM

1 Bappenas (National Planningand Development Agency)

Budget allocation and TechnicalAssistance

2 Directorate General of WaterResources

Guarantor of water standard(according to Law 7 / 2004)

3 Directorate of EnvironmentalHealth Development and CiptaKarya Directorate General of

Settlements

Guarantor of The Achieving the MDGsin 2015 (domestic waste)

4 Directorate of Drinking WaterSupply Development CiptaKarya Directorate General

Guarantor of The Achieving the MDGsin 2015 (drinking water)

5 Supporting Board Developmentof Drinking Water ProvidingSystem (BPPSPAM)

Source : Result of study 2008

In the Provincial Government, PDAM in coordination with four Institutions Office of the Spatial

and Settlements (DISTARKIM), the Office of Management of Water Resources (PSDA), Mining

and Forestry. The form of coordination is shown in the table below;

Table 6.2 The form of PDAM coordination and Institutions in Government of Province

1 Office of the Spatial andSettlements (DISTARKIM)

Technical assistance and Physical Help

2 Office of Management ofWater Resources (PSDA)

SIPPA permission, after getting suggestions fortechnical SIPPA (surface water and springs) fromthe Central Great River Region (BBWS)

3 Forestry Office Permit the use of spring water

4 Mining Office Permit the ground water taking

Next on the level of government where the PDAMs, each PDAM coordinated with 5 (five)

institutions, namely the Government of the city / regency supervise the District Department of

Public Works, Regional Planning Agency (BAPEDA), the Office of the Environment Agency or the

Environmental Planning (BPLH), the Office of Local Revenue (Dispenda), Department of Health.

Approval is obtained from the Council of Regional Representatives (DPRD). Besides, the

government of the city / regency can also buy raw water from General State Forestry Company

(Perum Perhutani) Jatiluhur II (PJT II).

FINAL REPORT - 95 -




FINAL REPORT - 96 -

Table 6.3 The form of PDAM coordination in Government Institutions of City / Regency

1 Department of Public Works (PU) Technical Assessment

2 Regional Planning and Development

Agency (Bapeda)

Medium Term Development Plan Area

3 Office of Office of the EnvironmentAgency or the Environmental PlanningLH /BPLH

UKL/BPL Amdal

4 Office of Local Revenue (Dispenda) Tax/ retribution

5 Department of Health (Bandung,subang & Sumedang)

Water Quality checks

6 Council of Regional Representatives(DPRD).

Approval

7 General State Forestry Company(Perhutani)

Licensing and cooperation of the watertaking (managed by General State ForestryCompany /Perhutani)

8 Jasa Tirta Company General II (PJT2

Subang)

Setting permission water standard

Can be fully described as follows;




FINAL REPORT

CENTRAL PROVINCE

Ministry ofPublic Work

Cipta KaryaDirectorate

General

Directorate General ofWater Resources

National Planning andDevelopment Agency

BAPPENAS

Directorate ofEnvironmental

HealthDevelopment

and Settlement

Office of theSpatial andSettlements(DISTARKIM)

Office ofManagement of

Water Resources(PSDA)

Office of Mining

Directorate ofDrinking WaterDevelopment(Technical &

Standard)

Office of Fores

PDAM

A s Op e r a t o r

Jasa Tirta

Company General

II (PJT 2

Subang Regency)

1

2

3

4

5 6 7 8

15

Supporting Board

Development of DrinkingWater Providing System BPP

SPAM




1. Budget allocation and Technical Assistance

2. Guarantor of water standard (see the Law 7 / 2004)

3. Guarantor of The Achieving the MDGs in 2015 (water)

4. Guarantor of The Achieving the MDGs in 2015 (domestic waste)

5. Technical Assistance and Physical Help

6. Permission of SIPPA

7. Permit the ground water

8. Permit the use of spring water / Cost Conservation

9. Technical Assessment Public Work Office (Kasubdin PU)

10. RPJMD

11. Approval

12. Environmental Impact Analysis (UKL / BPL AMDAL )

13. Water Quality checks / Letters Eligible Drinking Water Quality

14. Tax and Retribution

15. Setting permission water standard

In the study only discusses the standard of water that came from The Spring Water and Surface

Water. Based on the description on the following described water flow acquisition of raw

materials come from both surface water and springs. For surface water begins with the

recommendation of Central Great River Region (BBWS), LH and the office of Public Work (PU),

next to get permission from the Office of Management of Water Resources (PSDA). After

obtaining a permit from PDAM in the regency / city to pay the purchase of raw water materials

to Office of Local Revenue (Dispenda), especially for Subang Regency for the purchase from

Jasa Tirta Company General II (PJT II) pay directly to PJT II. Monitoring conducted by Office of

Management of Water Resources (PSDA). As for spring, recommendations is obtained from

Central Great River Region (BBWS), LH and Public Work Department (PU) can also be the owner

of General State Forestry Company (Perhutani), PT. Perkebunan Nusantara (PTP), Forestry and

Mining Office. For payment in addition to Office of Local Revenue (Dispenda) also to the owner.

Monitoring is done fixed by Office of Management of Water Resources (PSDA).

FINAL REPORT - 98 -




SURFACE WATER

PERMISSION /

QUANTITYWATER TAX / TARIFFRECOMMENDATION

BBWS

LH

PU (Public Work) Water Resources

DISPENDA(Local Revenue

Office)

PJT II(Jasa Tirta Company

General II)

(Subang Regency)

PSDA(Office of

Management of

water resources)

MONITORING

BBWS

SPRING

PERMISSION /QUANTITY

WATER TAX / TARIFFRECOMMENDATION

PU(Public Work) Water Resources

LH

BBWS

DISPENDA(Local Revenue

Office)

Owner

PSDA(Office of

Management of

water resources)

MONITORING

PSDA

OWNERNon Official :

Perhutani

(General State Forestry

Company)

PTP

Official :

Forestry Office

Agricultural Office

Forestry, Private, including price

and the Village

FINAL REPORT - 99 -




Can be explained in complete as follows;

Surface Water Spring Water RecomendationInstitution

Permit Price Monitoring Quantity Permit Price Monitoring Quantity

Perhutani(General StateForestryCompany)

√ √ √

PTP(Plantation StateCompany)

√ √

D.Kehutanan(Forestry Office)

√ √ √

PSDA

(Office ofManagement ofwater resources)

√ √ √

PU-Kab(Public WorkRegency)

√ √

LH(EnvironmentalManagement)

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

PJT2(Jasa TirtaCompany GeneralII)

√ √ √ √

BBWS(the CentralGreat River

Region)

√

B. Financial Aspect

All financial aspects of the PDAMs can be seen in Appendix 1

FINAL REPORT - 100 -




CHAPTER VII

PDAM DEVELOPMENTANALYSIS

7.1. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS

7.1.1. PDAM BANDUNG CITY

7.1.1.1. System Capacity

PDAM Bandung City, nowadays takes raw water 2,576.2 liters/second from the allowed capacities

according to SIPA (Surat Ijin Pengambilan Air/Taking Water Permission Letter) of 3,059.2

liters/second. The capacity which can be taken from PDAM installation Bandung City, today (2006)

are about 2,084 Liters/second (81% of taking capacity). In 2008 is building a new taking water

system from Cikapundung river about 600 liters/second, so that capacity which can be taken about

3,176 liters/second.

It can be seen in image 7.1 that taking water capacity decrease continuously if compared by 2004,

it is caused by drilling well capacity frequently decrease. Production capacity also decrease because

of well condition, raw water quality decrease and condition of many installation has been damage

or out of order (mainly IPA Dago Pakar).

-

500,0

1.000,0

1.500,0

2.000,0

2.500,0

3.000,0

3.500,0

S u m b e

r

P e n g

a m b i l a n

P r o d u k s i

T e r j u a l

K a p a s i t a s ( L i t e r / d e t i k )

Tahun 2004

Tahun 2006

Image 7.1. PDAM Bandung City System





Prediction of production capacity if there are no source addition, it is shown in Image 7.2. so in

2015 production capacity only about 2,400 liters/second and in 2025 about 2,200 liters/second

(there will be adding capacity 600 liters/second which is predicted starting in 2009).

-

500,0

1.000,0

1.500,0

2.000,0

2.500,0

3.000,0

2.004 2.006 2.015 2.025

K a p a s i t a s P r o d u k s i ( L i t e r / d e t i k )

Image 7.2. Prediction of PDAM Bandung City Production Capacity

7.1.1.2. Service Condition

The populations of PDAM service of Bandung City (2006) are 756,310 people (32.9% of Bandung

city population). Service to the population are served through home connection amounting 630,910

people (83.4% of total served) and Public Hydrant 25,400 people (16.6% of total served), it is

shown on table 1 appendix 3.

The use of water for Household Home Connection are about 125 Liters/person/day while Public

Hydrant about 30 liters/ person/day (1 Public Hydrant serves about 60 persons). The use of water

for Domestic’s need achieve 86.4% and the use of water for Non Domestic about 13.6%.

7.1.1.3. The Growth of Water Needs

The needs of water will be increasing as long as the growth of population. The growth of Bandung

City population is predicted as shown on image 7.3.





2.000.000

2.200.000

2.400.000

2.600.000

2.800.000

3.000.000

3.200.000

3.400.000

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

J u m l a h P e n d u d u k

( J i w a )

Image 7.3. The Growth Of Bandung City Population

The target service in the year future needs to be increased, like shown on table 2 in appendix 3,

where the needs of water for Household Home Connection are 150 liters/person/day and Public

Hydrant 30 liters/person/day, and the need of Non Domestic 20% of Domestic needs.

Based on this condition, so the needs of water in the year 2015 is predicted about 5,388

liters/second and in the year of 2025 about 6,816 liters/second, as shown on image 7.4.

-

1.000,0

2.000,0

3.000,0

4.000,0

5.000,0

6.000,0

7.000,0

8.000,0

2.006 2.015 2.025

K a p a

s i t a s ( L i t e r / d e t i k )

Produksi

Sasaran Pelayanan

Image 7.4. Predicted of PDAM Bandung City Service Capacity

To fulfill service target so needs additional production capacity for 2015 and 2025 with each

capacities about 3,000 liters/second and 4,600 liters/second. And for additional production capacity

needed additional water source in 2015 and 2025 are 3,700 liters/second and 5,700 liters/second.





7.1.1.4. Additional Water Source

7 . 1 . 1 . 4 . 1 . S h o r t T e r m s S o lv i n g

In the Short term additional capacity can be fulfilled through reparation of system

condition. System condition solving is condition facing in the system of IPA Badaksinga.

Like it has explained above, IPA Badaksinga takes raw water from Cisangkuy river

through old and new pipe and Cikapundung river with capacity as shown on table 3 in

appendix 3.

Through Cimenteng program so taking water capacity will increase about 1,000

liters/second, but there are reduction capacity. This capacity reduction (water source for

IPA BadakSinga can be obtained through additional water source from Cikapundung

river). The system illustration through this program is shown on image 5.5.

On this program is planned to build IPA in Cimenteng Bandung regency. Therefore, it is

needed cooperation with Bandung Regency.

7 . 1 . 1 . 4 .2 . L o n g T e r m s So l v i n g

A . B a n d u n g Ci t y A r e a

Gr o u n d w a t e r S o u r c e

The depth of groundwater surface in Bandung City area is 6 meters, but in its depth

water quality is very bad. It is caused by the absorption of textile industry water

pollutant especially Eastern Bandung City. To obtain good water for use, the community

must dig a well to 60 meters deep. In this depth water obtained can’t be used for

drinking because of high iron element.

Based on exploration, which has been done that that potential ground in Gedebage area

can be made 10 (ten) deep wells with each capacity 10 liters/second. The depth of water

in this well is about 70 – 100 m.

S u r f a c e Wa t e r S o u r c e

Rivers

There are 3 rivers around Bandung City which has potential to become raw water source

namely Cinambo, Cipamokolan and Cisaranten river. Those rivers will be overflow in the

rainy season and cause flood. But based on the observation directly, those rivers drought

in the dry season and contain industrial pollutant. Flood which is always happened in the

rainy season caused of silting up of the river. If river is dredged and reconstructed to the

river, rate of flow will increase, but the quality of water still bad except there are no

disposal water pollutants from the industries to the river.





Cipamokolan River

Cisaranten River





IPA Badaksinga

Capacity 1.800 Liters/second

Old Pipe700 L/s

New Pipe660 L/s

Image 7.5. Cimenteng Program Proposed Schematic

Dago

Bengkok

600 L/s(Plan)

Siliwangi

180 L/s

Cika undun River

Cisan ku River

Existing Condition

Program Planned

S. Cikapundung

Dago

Bengkok

600 L/s

(Plan)

Siliwangi

200L/s

IPA Badaksinga

Capacity 1.800 Liters/secondIPA Cimenteng

Capacity. 1.000

New Pipe

660 L/s

Old Pipe

1.000 L/s

(Rehab)

Cisangkuy River





Retention Lake/Pool

Those surface water sources, Cinambo, Cipamokolan and Cisaranten river can be used as

raw water through retention pool which will be planned in Gedebage Area. Retention pool

built to give waterfront scenes which become a vision of Gedebage area. Besides,

retention pool will become water catchments to overcome flood in the rainy season. But

water continuity cannot be controlled (it is worried that water in the lake will empty) so

that retention pool cannot become as raw water source.

Based on hydrological and raw water study using 3 (three) retention pool unit has

potential using raw water for drinking water amounting to 500,000 – 750,000 m³/month

or about 200 liters/second, but only maintained for 7 months in 1 (one) year, the rest 5

months water capacity will be small or even dry at all. Other difficulties are water quality

control in retention pool, because of the rivers in planned area polluted by industrialpollutant flow to the retention pool.

B . Ou t s i d e A r e a

Additional needs for PDAM Bandung City must be fulfilled by another regency area

because Bandung City area is hard to find a new water source. Regency direct bordered

with Bandung City is Bandung Regency (including Cimahi City), Subang Regency and

Sumedang Regency. Therefore, water supply can be obtained from three regencies as

shown on image 7.6.

Image 7.6. Water Supply Schematic for PDAM Bandung City

BandungRegency

SumedangRegency

BandungRegency

BANDUNG

City

Image 7.6. Therefore, it will be discussed of water source in those three regencies.





7.1.2. BANDUNG REGENCY

7.1.2.1. Water Needs Bandung Regency

7 . 1 . 2 . 1 .1 . Th e G r o w t h o f P o p u l a t i o n

Great Bandung Regency including Bandung Regency and Cimahi City. In 2006, the

population of Bandung Regency and Cimahi City each of them are 4,399,788 people and

520,035 people. The growth of population in Bandung Regency and Cimahi City can be

shown on image 7.7.

4.000.000

4.500.000

5.000.000

5.500.000

6.000.000

6.500.000

7.000.000

7.500.000

8.000.000

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

J u m

l a h

P e n d u d u k ( J

i w

a )

500.000

550.000

600.000

650.000

700.000

750.000

800.000

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

J u m

l a h P

e n d u d u k

( J i w

a )

Image 7.7. The Growth of Population of Bandung Regency and Cimahi City

7 . 1 . 2 . 1 .2 . PDAM B a n d u n g R e g e n c y

Great Bandung Regency is served by PDAM Bandung Regency. In 2006 the amount of

service achieves 342,132 people with the connection amount 49,270 units. The average

service each connections achieve 6.9 people /connection.

Selling capacity of PDAM Bandung Regency in 2006 are about 315 liters/second, a little

bit decrease if compared in 2004 as shown on table 4 in table 4 in appendix 3 and image

7.8.





-

100,0

200,0

300,0

400,0

500,0

600,0

Produksi Distribusi Penjualan

K a p a s i t a s ( L i t e r

/ d e t i k )

2004

2006

Image 7.8. Condition of PDAM Bandung Regency System Capacity

Until now, PDAM Bandung Regency has been using springs, rivers and Deep well as raw

water. Source capacities which have been possessed (according to SIPA) amounting 749

liters/second and capacity which is taken from those water sources about 551.25

liters/second.

7 . 1 .2 . 1 .3 . Th e G r o w t h o f W a t e r N e e d s o f B a n d u n g R e g en c y

Production capacity of PDAM Bandung Regency today (in 2006) is about 537

liters/second, this capacity is predicted decrease continuously until 2025. On the other

side the needs of water will increase as long as the growth of population.

Target service in 2015 is 20% and 2025 is 30% and the use of average water planned is

90 liters/person/day, as shown on table 5 in appendix 3.

According to target service as shown on tables 7.5., so the needs of water in 2015

predicted will achieve 2,500 liters/second and in 2025 achieve about 4,600 liters/second,

as shown on image 7.9.





-

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

4.000

4.500

5.000

2006 2015 2025

K a p a s i t a s

S i s t e m

( L i t

e r / d e t i k )

Image 7.9. Prediction the growth of Water Needs in Bandung Regency

Water capacity which is needed to fulfill target service so in 2015 and 2025 needed new

water source with each capacity about 2,000 liters/second and 4,300 liters/second.

7.1.2.2. Proposed Program

7 . 1 . 2 . 2 .1 . Po t e n t i a l Wa t e r So u r c e in B a n d u n g R e g e n c y

Bandung Regency has high potential water source. Its potential is also used by Bandung

City where located close. Topographically of this condition possible on gravity position

because located in the same Bandung Basin.

Potential water source in Bandung Regency there are: surface water and spring, as

shown on table 6 in appendix 3.

7 . 1 . 2 . 2 .2 . S u r f a c e Wa t e r

River

Other rivers which are possible to become other alternative those are Cisangkuy and

Citarum Hulu river where located far enough from location.





A. Citarum Hulu River

The distance from Citarum Hulu river where is located in Desa Pangauban Kecamatan

Pacet, more or less 23 km from Bandung City, with capacity about 480 liters/second. The

rate of flow Citarum river monthly and its fluctuation shown on table 7 in appendix 3 and

image 7.10.

Citarum River

Fluktuasi Debit Bulanan Sungai Citarum

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

J a n u a r i

F e b r u a r i

M a r e t

A p r i l

M e i

J u n i

J u l i

A g u s t u s

S e p t e m b e r

O k t o b e r

N o v e m b e r

D e s e m b e r

Bulan

D e b i t ( L / d e t i k )

Debit kebutuhan(480 l/detik)

Tahun 1999

Tahun 2000

Tahun 2001

Tahun 2002

Tahun 2003

Image 7.10.

Monthly Fluctuation Rate of Flow Graphic of Citarum river

B. Cisangkuy River

The distance from Cisangkuy river to Bandung City area more or less 30 km. Based on

condition capacity/rate of flow the existing river, so capacity which can be used from

Cisangkuy river is about 480 liters/second.





Monthly rate of flow Cisangkuy river and its fluctuation as shown on table 8 in appendix

3 and Image 7.11.

Debit Rata-rata Bulanan Sungai Cisangkuy

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

J a n u a r i

F e b r u

a r i M a r e

t A p

r i l M e i

J u n i J u

l i

A g u s t

u s

S e p t e

m b e r

O k t o b

e r

N o v e m b

e r

D e s e m

b e r

Bulan

D e b i t ( L i t e r / d e t i k ) 1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Kebutuhan(480 l/detik)

Image 7.11.

Monthly Fluctuation Rate of Flow Graphic of Citarum river

7.1.3. SUMEDANG REGENCY

7.1.3.1. Water Source Sumedang Regency

Generally, Sumedang Regency has many potential water sources like: springs and surface water.

But commonly, spring condition is hard used as raw water for PDAM, because the farming land and

fishing land much use water from those springs.

Potential water source Sumedang Regency basically located in Eastern while Western border to

Bandung City area which has little potential water source. Above all Sumedang Regency area

condition, which have big part outside of Bandung Basin.

7.1.3.2. The water Needs Sumedang Regency


In 2006, the population of Sumedang Regency amounting 1,066,426 people with rapid

population (r) in the amount of 1.64%. Projection of rapid population Sumedang regency






900.000

1.000.000

1.100.000

1.200.000

1.300.000

1.400.000

1.500.000

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

J u m l a h P e n d u d u k ( J i w a )

Image 7.12. The Growth of Sumedang Regency Population

7 . 1 . 3 . 2 .2 . PDAM S um e d a n g R e g e n c y

Sumedang Regency is served by PDAM Sumedang. In 2006 the amount of service

achieve 151,031 people with amount connection 25,475 units. The average service for

each connection achieve 5.9 people/connection.

Selling capacity from PDAM Sumedang Regency in 2006 about 141.1 liters/second. If it is

compared by 2004 has increased, as shown on image 7.13.

-

100,0

200,0

300,0

400,0

500,0

600,0

Kapasitas

Terpasang

Kapasitas

Produksi

Kapasitas

Penjualan

K a p

a s i t a s ( L i t e r / d e t i k )

Tahun 2004

Tahun 2006

Image 7.13. Condition of PDAM Sumedang Regency System Capacity

Until now, PDAM Sumedang Regency has been using springs, rivers and Deep well as raw

water. Source capacity which has been owned (according to SIPA) as much as 1,685.8





liters/second, and capacity which is taken from its water sources as much as 488

liters/second.

7 . 1 .3 . 2 .3 . T h e G r o w t h o f W a t e r N e e d s i n S um e d a n g R e g en c y

Production capacity of PDAM Sumedang Regency today (in 2006) are about 262

Liters/second, those capacities predicted decrease frequently to the year 2025. On the

other side the needs of water will increase as long as the growth of population.

Service target in 2015 is 20% and 2025 is 30% and the use of average water planned

amount of 90 liters/person/day, as shown on table 9 in appendix 3.

According to service target ,so water needs in 2015 predicted will achieve about 435

liters/second and in 2025 achieve about 804 liters/second, as shown on image 7.14.

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2006 2015 2025

K a p a s i t a s

S i s t e m ( L

i t e r / d e t i k )

Image 7.14. The Growth of Water Needs in Sumedang Regency

Water capacity which is needed to fulfill the service target so in 2015 and 2025 needed

new water source with each capacity about 173 liters/second and 542 liters/second.

7.1.3.3. Program Proposed

7 . 1 . 3 . 3 .1 . Po t e n t i a l Wa t e r S o u r c e s i n S um e d a n g R e g e n c y

Potential water source in Sumedang Regency basically just can be used to fulfill

community needs in Sumedang Regency area, just a little bit can be used to fulfill the

needs of Bandung City, as shown on Table 10 in appendix 3.





7 . 1 . 3 . 3 . 2 . S p r i n g s

There are many springs in Sumedang Regency which have inventories more than 37

locations with capacity about 3,800 liters/second. But the big enough spring and potential

to be used for raw water source are 5 locations there are, Cinangsi, Cipelang, Cikandung,

Cipaneunteun and Cicaneang spring.

Capacity which can be used from 5 is 1,179 liters/second. This spring will be used to

fulfill water needs in Sumedang Regency.

The problems faced to use those spring is the rejection from community to allow it

become drinking water source. Because they are worry their farm cannot be watered

sufficiently.

7 . 1 . 3 . 3 . 3 . S u r f a ce W a t e r

Rivers

The rivers which possible to become water source there are: Citarik, Cimanuk and

Cipelang river.

A. Citarik River

Citarik river is located about ± 15 km from Bandung City. Rate of flow is little in the dry

season so the small rocks in the beneath of river can be seen clearly. Based on

observation which has been done Citarik river can be used as water source through

construct a dam. Water can be used as raw water through the dam which capacity about

100 liters/second.





Citarik River

B. Cimanuk River

Cimanuk river is a big river which have water minimum capacity about 6,500

liters/second.





C. Cipelang River

Cipelang river includes big river which have big minimum capacity about 550

liters/second.

7.1.4. SUBANG REGENCY

7.1.4.1. Water Source Subang Regency

Subang Regency is an area which have many potential water source where can be found many

water sources used for raw water for PDAM Subang Regency. But Subang Regency outside of

Bandung Basin, so that it is hard to fulfill the water needs of Bandung City.

7.1.4.2. The Water Needs of Subang Regency


In 2003, the populations of Subang Regency are about 1,385,849 people with rapid

population (r) about 1.65%, so the growth of population of Subang Regency as shown on

Image 7.15.

1.300.000

1.400.000

1.500.000

1.600.000

1.700.000

1.800.000

1.900.000

2.000.000

2.100.000

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

J u m l a h P e n d u d u k ( J i w a )

Image 7.15. The Growth of Subang Regency Population

7 . 1 . 4 . 2 .2 . PDAM S u b a n g R e g e n c y

Sumedang Regency is served by PDAM Subang Regency. In 2006 the amount of services

achieve 116,464 people with amount of connection with 20,023 units. Average service

each connections achieve 6 people /connections.





Selling capacity of PDAM Subang Regency in 2006 is about 147.5 liters/second, it is little

bit decrease if compared by 2004 as shown on image 7.16.

-

50,0

100,0

150,0

200,0

250,0

300,0

350,0

400,0

450,0

Kapasitas

Terpasang

Kapasitas

Produksi

Kapasitas

Penjualan

K a p a s i t a s ( L i t e r / d e t i k )

Tahun 2004

Tahun 2006

Image 7.16. Condition of PDAM Subang Regency System Capacity

Until now, PDAM Subang Regency has been using springs, rivers and deep well as raw

water. Source capacity which have been owned (according to SIPA) about 325.7liters/second.

7 . 1 . 4 . 2 . 3 . T h e Gr o w t h o f W a t e r N e e d s S u b a n g R eg e n c y

Production capacity of PDAM Subang Regency today (in 2006) is about 368.7

Liters/second. In the future the water needs will increase as long as the growth of

population.

Service target in 2015 is 20% and 2025 is 30% and the use of average water planned is

120 liters/person/day, as shown on Table 12 in appendix 3.

According to service target as shown on Tables 5.23, so the water needs in 2015

predicted will achieve about 793 liters/second and 2025 achieve about 1,466

liters/second, as shown on Image 7.17.





-

200

400

600

800

1.000

1.200

1.400

1.600

2006 2015 2025

K a p a s i t a s S i s t e m ( L

i t e r / d e t i k )

Image 7.17. Prediction the Growth of Water Needs in Subang Regency

Water capacity which is needed to fulfill those service target so in 2015 and 2025

needed new water source with each capacity about 424 liters/second and 1,097

liters/second.

7.1.4.3. Proposed Program

7 . 1 . 4 . 3 . 1 .

P o t e n t i a l W a t e r S o u r ce i n S u b a n g R eg e n c y

Water source which can be used as raw water of PDAM in Subang Regency area is much

enough, but just can be used for Subang Regency area, mainly springs, besides can be

found surface water which has good quality.

Those are hard to used for Bandung City because of outside Bandung Basin so that need

big energy to send them.

7 . 1 . 4 . 3 . 2 .

S p r i n g s

In Subang Regency can be found many springs,potential spring are:

Cipunagara Lake.

The wide of Cipunagara Lake about 4.25 Ha with 1,5 meters deep. Capacity of overflow

Cipunagara Lake are about 184 liters/second from catchments wide about 41.97 Ha.

Cipondoh Spring

The overflow capacity from Cipondoh spring achieve about 2,200 liters/second.

Nowadays the use of water source still a little by : PDAM Subang Regency and PT. Aqua





which use each about 20 liters/ second. The resto f capacity about 2.2 m3 /second hasn’t

been used and directly flow to Cipunagara river.

Mukanagara Lake

Mukanagara Lake flow the passed water to every branch flow through little channels with

capacity about 25 liters/second.

Cimincul Spring

Cimincul Spring, natural pool have been shallow and decrease flow of water. Passed

water from spring predicted 125 liters/second,

7 . 1 . 4 . 3 .3 . S u r f a c e Wa t e r

Rivers

Rivers which can be used as water source there are:

Cikaruncang River

Water river capacity about 915.9 liters/second, derived from catchment area about

498.15 Ha.

Cipunegara River

Cipunagara river which is located between 2 dams Upper and Down Cipatat have water

capacity about 0.825 m3/second.

• Cipunagara River (Cibogo Area)

The flow of Cipunagara river reside Cibogo bridge, which a segment on middle part of

Cipunagara river. The flow capacity is predicted about 13 m3/second.

• Cilamatan River (Cibogo Area)

The flow capacity in this river flow is predicted about 4 m3/second.

7.1.4.4. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF PDAM BANDUNG CITY

As has explained above so the water needs for Bandung City in 2015 and 2025, each of them are

about 3,700 liters/second and 5,700 liters/second. To fulfill those water needs so it has been

planned to take water from Bandung City area and additional capacity from Bandung Regency

area, Sumedang Regency and Subang Regency.





For planning of 2015 so it has been planned development program with additional capacity, as

shown on image 7.18 with each capacity as shown on Tables 13 in appendix 3.

Image 7.18. Providing Water Source Scheme Bandung City in 2015

SUBANG REGENCY SUMEDANG REGENCY

BANDUNG REGENCY

Total Tambahan

Kap.= 3100 L/det

BANDUNG CITY

Additional Amount

Cap.= 280 L/det

PDAM Bandung

Existing Capacity = 2.576 L/sec

Deep well

cap. = 100 L/s

Retention pool

capacity = 200 L/s

Cikapundung river

Dago Bengkok

ca . = 600 L/s

Cikapundung riverSiliwangi

Additional ca . = 20 L/s

Citarik river

cap. = 100 L/s

Citarum upstream

cap. = 400 L/s

Cisangkuy river

CimentengKa . = 1000 L/s

Cikapundung river

Dago Pakar

Tambahan Ka . = 60 L/s

Reduction

cap. = 700 L/sec

Cisangkuy riverSentosa irrigationca . = 1400 L/s Citarum Upstream

Cisanti Lakeca . = 200 L/s

Cikaruncang riverBukit Tunggulca . = 300 L/s





7.2. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

7.2.1. PDAM Bandung City


PDAM Bandung City operated with the onboard capacity 2,867 liters/second. During the 2005-2007

periods, that onboard capacity was used around 90 % per year. With the main water resource are

took from surface water resources (river). The total loss water was counted based on total water

production subtracted with total water sold and divided with the total water production. In last two

years, 2006 and 2007, the rate of water loss is decreased 2%. These things happened because of

the decrease in the number of water production or there is a increasing in the number of

production efficiency, or combining both two things. As follows, the total of water sold in Bandung

city’s PDAM had been stagnant that maybe caused by the small number of water resource.

During 2005-2007 period, the number of stagnant costumer/extension just is 143,003 liters. Some

of the costumers with the percentage 96.8% are a household costumer. While the commerce and

industry costumer only 0.8% from the costumer total. With the number of employee relatively

constant, small growth of customers also make the employee – extension ratio are not change

during the period. As follows from the growth of costumer number, and the growth of water

production, also the decrease on water loss level, the average of water sold growth is 5.6% during

2005-2007 periods.

Some of the water sold, around 80.6% are consumed by the household costumer. Meanwhile, the

industrial costumer consumed around 13.0% of the water sold. With the number of costumers do

not change even a negative growth, a commerce costumer only absorb 1.1% from the water sold,

smaller than the social costumer consumed, social consumer consumed 5.4%.


The consumption of water per costumer is 24 m3 , around 94.15% from the total operational

income came from water sales and the rest 5.85% are come from non water sales, for example

new extension income, re-connect income, and also fine income. In 2006 the fare increase 30%

causing the income from the water sales growth 18.2% per year during 2005-2007, even the

number of sold water only grow 5.6% at the same period. Largest portion of water sales, come

from the household costumer, and industrial costumer with each contribution 70.1% and 24.7%

from the water sales total. On the other hand, water sales from social costumer are growing 25.0%

per year during 2005-2007 periods. Meanwhile the water sales for household costumer, commerce

costumer, and industrial costumer are grown 19.2%, 16.0%, 15.2% each at the same period.






A periodic operational cost and PDAM Subang Regency maintenance, include all the components

are show in tables 19 in appendix 3. Like other PDAM’s, an employment cost is the component

with the biggest portion, 34.0% from total operational cost. The next biggest cost components are

depreciation cost, administration cost, and electrical cost, with each portion 18.9%, 15.1%, and

14.1%.

Generally, operational cost during 2005-2007 periods are increasing, on the average 5% per year

that caused from a big raise in 2006, amounts 25.0%. PDAM itself was able to reduce the growth

in operational cost in 2007, where the operational cost only growth 5%. However, this raise still

bigger than the raise in the operational income, with the average value 16.9% per year during the

same period. It affects the operational ratio only move a little from 94% in 2005 becoming 96% in

2007.

The growth size of receivable qualifying cost on 2005, amounts 448.0% shows the less effective of

the PDAM’s receivable treatment that is marked by the increase in time length to collect the

receivable, from 69 days in 2004 becoming 72 days in 2005. However, PDAM itself was able to

repair it on next couple years, proofed with the declined the receivable qualifying cost, amounts

31.3% in 2007. The time length itself becomes 67 days. Meanwhile the average raise in 2005,

amounts 561.9% along with 12.2% increase of the water production total in the same year.

The administration cost also had an increase that is pretty significant, amounts 24.6% per yearduring 2005-2007 periods. This increase was affected by the 46.8% increased in 2006. Then PDAM

will be able to press the administration cost becoming 2.2% on the next year.

As we know, the raw water that is used by Bandung city’s PDAM is come from natural spring water

and the surface water (river). With the water production total relatively stables, the decrease in

chemical material average amounts 21.3% per year during 2005-2007. It shows the good quality

of mutual water that is used by Bandung city’s PDAM.

The growth in employment cost during 2005-2007, amounts 13.5% is affected by the increase in

2006, amounts 21.6% caused from the salary adjustment. This adjustment happened after the fare

adjustment. Meanwhile the growth in electrical cost and fuel, amounts 11.0% in the same period

affected by the electrical and fuel fare adjustment. In the other hand, maintenance cost growth

16.8% per year along with the fixed assets growth, 14.1% per year.






PDAM’s receivable claim is getting better, as seen on tables 20 in appendix 3 , it can be seen from

the decrease in receivable claim time length, from 72 days in 2005 becoming 67 days in 2007. And

so do with the receivable ratio concerning water sales is decreasing, from 18.3% in 2005 becoming

17.5% in 2007. Although we saw a bit descend, the current ratio is liable to be stables around 1.0

to 1.4 in the same period.


From the PDAM Bandung City finance report, as seen in the table 21 in appendix 3, the long term

payable balance on December 31st 2007 is Rp 2.6 billion. While, a become due long term payable is

Rp 2.9 billion, that consist stake payable arrears, interest payable arrears, bank service, interestfine, and also stake payable fine. The increase in become due long term payable portion during

2005-2007 indicated that PDAM Bandung City has not fulfilled the payment of due long term

payable.

Debt Solvency Capability Ratio (DSCR) looks pretty good and keeps growing from 2.19 in 2005

becomes 1.08 in 2007. It means Bandung city’s PDAM operational profit cannot fulfill long term

payable payment (prime and interest) that becomes due in every year.


PDAM Bandung City average fare, as shows from the table 22 in appendix 3, was counted base on

water sales divided to water sold number. Meanwhile average cost counted from total operational

cost (cash operational cost add to depreciation cost and interest cost) divided to total water sold.

Average cost grows 0% per year during 2005-2007.

Meanwhile, based on the 2nd /1998 domestic government ordinance there are three kinds of fare

category, which are:

• Low fare cost, included cash operational and maintenance cost including employment cost and

public administration cost.

• Base fare cost, included low fare cost add to payable payment (prime and interest).

• Complete fare cost, included low fare cost add to depreciation and 10% rate of return from the

evaluated assets book price.

On the other hand, table 23 in appendix 3 shows 2005-2007 PDAM Subang Regency low fare cost

development, basic fare cost, and complete fare cost. Meanwhile, the average fare for each

costumer group during 2005-2007 can be seen in the tables below:





7.2.1.7. PDAM Bandung City fund source

PDAM Bandung City drinking water sector funding is procurable from many sources, which are:

1. Center Government capital participation in from a center government expense for consultant

loan, DIP for soiled water BUDP II project, UNICEF aid, Consultant cost form Dutch (GON) and

others till 2006, amounts Rp. 40.184.142.864,-

2. Local Government (Bandung city) capital participation in form a couple of assets that

accumulated until 2006, amounts Rp. 3.224.617.617,-

3. a capital donation from Developer, PAB Dirjen Cipta Karya, Bandung’s Housing Authority,

Province government, PPD{SE-AB and others till accumulated in amounts Rp. 4.702.448.426,-

4. Long term payable from RDI, ADB, Domestic loan, and Dutch (GON) loan until 2006 prime

liabilities amounts Rp. 146.518.063.404,-

5. General reserve that formed by the accumulated past years operational income till 2006,

amounts Rp. 5.952.483.592,-

Bandung city’s PDAM have paid to Bandung’s government, amounts Rp. 34.250.000.000,- that

counted as a profit deposit until 2006.

7.2.2.

PDAM Bandung Regency


PDAM Bandung Regency operated with the onboard capacity 746 liters/second in 2007. During the

2005-2007 periods, that onboard capacity was used around 79.8 % per year. With the main water

resource are took from natural spring water and the surface water resources (river).

The total loss water in the table 24 in appendix 3 was counted based on total water production

subtracted with total water sold and divided with the water production total. In 2005-2007, the

rate of water loss is increase 0.1%. These things happen because the water sold total decrease is

larger than the water production total decrease in the same period, just like what happen in

Bandung regency’s PDAM.

Even the water sold had been decreased in 2005-2007, the costumers / extension number is

growing, amounts average 2.7% per year (table 25 in appendix 3). Like other PDAM some of the

costumers are household group. Meanwhile the commerce and industrial costumer is only 2.9%

from the costumer total. Employees – Extension ratio are relatively stables on range 6-7 the

number of employees were decreasing, from 327 in 2005 becomes 307 in 2007.





During 2005-2007 period, the number of costumers/extension decrease 0.4% on the average each

year. The biggest descent come from social costumer and followed with the industrial costumers

and commerce costumers, amounts 24.9%, 8.7%, and 2.9% each. Meanwhile, the household

costumers only grow for 1.7% per year. The special costumers have the biggest growth, on the

average 80.4% per year.


industrial costumer consumed around 2.9% of the water sold, smaller than the social costumer

consumed and special costumer, social consumer consumed 3.9% and special costumer consumed

6.0% during the 2005-2007 periods (table 26 in appendix 3)


The consumption of water per costumer is 16 m3 , around 91.1% from the total operational income

came from water sales and the rest 8.4% come from non water sales, for example new extension

income, re-connect income, and also fine income that counted 0.5% from the total operational

income (table 27 in appendix 3).

Largest portion of water sales, as seen in table 28 in appendix 3, come from the household

costumers, and industrial costumers with each contribution number 83.3% and 14.5% from the

water sales total. On the other hand, water sales from industrial costumers and special costumers

have the largest growth, around 175.5% and 63.0% during 2005-2007. Meanwhile the water salesfor household costumers, commerce costumers, and social costumers grow 0.1%, 1.9%, 23.2%

each at the same period.


A periodic operational cost and PDAM Bandung Regency maintenance, include all the components

are shown on tables 29 in appendix 3 . Like other PDAM’s, an employment cost is the component

with the biggest portion, 35.2% from operational cost total. The next biggest cost components are

depreciation cost and administration cost, with each portion 18.9% and 15.8%,

Generally, operational cost during 2005-2007 periods are increasing, on the average 9.2% per year

that caused from a big raise in 2006, amounts 20.6%. PDAM itself was able to reduce the growth

in operational cost in 2006 and 2007, where the operational cost only growth 1.3% and 5.7%.

However, this raising is still bigger than the raising in the operational income, with the average

value 0.2% per year during the same period. It causes the operational ratio only move a little from

105.1% in 2005 becoming 98.4% in 2007.

The growth size of receivable qualifying cost on 2005, amount 403.0% shows the less effective of







repair it on next couple years; proved with the time length itself becomes 67 days.

In 2005, the raw water cost is growing, around 172.3%. But in the next two years, 2006-2007, it

will followed with the decrease in water production number, the raw water cost also decreased

amounts 44.4% and 33.4% each. The administration also had an average grow that pretty

significant, amount 14.5% per year during 2006-2007. That is affected by the increased on office

cost and miscellaneous cost. A product capacity utilization, and water production decreased also is

affected the decline in chemical material consumption, and the decline in chemical material cost,

amounts 1.8% per year during 2005-2007.

The descent of employment cost during 2005-2007, is affecting the increase in employment during

2006-2007, amounts 4.5%. Meanwhile the growth in electrical and fuel cost around 10.1% during

the same period caused by the electrical basic fare and fuel price adjustments.

On the other hand from the maintenance cost growth 11.0% per year, larger from the negative

fixed assets growth, amounts 4.5% per year.


PDAM’s receivable claim is getting better, as seen on table 30 in appendix 3 ; it can be seen from






From the Bandung Regency’s PDAM finance report, as seen in the table 31 in appendix 3 the long

term payable balance at December 31st 2007 is Rp 12.5 billion. While, a become due long term

payable is Rp 4.5 billion, that consist stake payable arrears, interest payable arrears, bank service,

interest fine, and also stake payable fine. The increase in become due long term payable portion

during 2005-2007 indicated that PDAM Bandung Regency has not fulfilled the payment become due

long term payable. Debt Solvency Capability Ratio (DSCR) looks pretty good and proved by PDAM

Bandung Regency operational profit can fulfill long term payable payment (prime and interest)

twice that becomes due in every year.


PDAM Bandung regency average fare, as is shown from the table 32 in appendix 3, was counted

base on water sales divided to water sold number. Meanwhile average cost counted from total

operational cost (cash operational cost add to depreciation cost and interest cost) divided to total

water sold. Average cost grows 9.2% per year during 2005-2007. Now the average fare grows a bitbetter, 12.55, in the same period. This average fare growth is donated by the fare adjustment





since 2003. However, just like the operational ratio represent, an average fare only able to fill

98.4% from the average cost that PDAM Bandung Regency issued.

Meanwhile, based on the 2nd /1998 domestic government ordinance there are three kind of fare

category, which are:






In the other hand, table 33 in appendix 3 shows 2005-2007 PDAM Bandung Regency low fare cost


costumers group during 2005-2007 can be seen in the tables below:

7.2.2.7. PDAM Bandung regency funding source

PDAM Bandung Regency drinking water sector funding is procurable from many sources, which are:

1. Central government: accumulated drink water infrastructure project value. From West Java

PPSAB project, Ditjen Cipta Karya project, and others till 2006, amounts Rp.

25.815.380.331,-

2. Local Assets that separated till 2006, amounts Rp. 12.467.668.649,-

3. Donation from developer and Soreang’s National Housing authority, amounts Rp.

3.512.978.988,-

4. Domestic payable (RDA/DDI) as loan resumption (SLA) from Center Government, 2006

residue, amounts Rp. 1.750.575.715,-

5.

International payable (RDA/DDI) as a loan resumption (SLA) from center government fromBandung regency’s PDAM project, December 31st 2006 loan residue, amounts Rp.

14.865.154.345,-

7.2.3. PDAM Sumedang Regency


PDAM Sumedang Regency operated with the fluctuated onboard capacity. PDAM have 236.9

liter/second onboard capacity in 2007. With the main water resource are took from natural spring

water and the surface water resources (river) and drilled water The total loss water in the table 34

in appendix 3 was counted based on total water production subtracted with total water sold and





divided with the water production total. In 2005-2007, the rate of water loss is increase 2.2%.

These things happen because the water sold total decrease is larger than the water production

total decrease in the same period, just like what happen in PDAM Sumedang Regency.

Even the water sold had been decreased in 2005-2007, the costumers/extension number is

growing, average amounts 1.5% per year. Like other PDAM some of the costumers are household

group. Meanwhile the employees – Extension ratio are relatively stables during 2005-2007 even

the number of employees was 238 people in 2007 (table 35 in appendix 3).

7.2.3.2. Operational income

According to the table 36 in appendix 3, operational income came from water sales and the rest

8.4% are come from non water sales, for example new extension income, re-connect income, and

also fine income that counted 0.5% from the total operational income.

7.2.3.3. Periodic Operational cost

A periodic operational cost and PDAM Sumedang Regency maintenance include all the components

are shown in table 37 in appendix 3. Like other PDAM’s, an employment cost is the component with

the biggest portion. And next biggest cost components are depreciation cost and administration

cost.

Generally, operational cost during 2006-2007 periods are increasing, that caused from a big raise

in 2007. But this operational cost growth is bigger than the operational income growth in the same

period. The receivable elimination cost size in 2006, amounts 520% shows the less effective of the

PDAM’s receivable management. Meanwhile the administration cost also affecting the growth

average that pretty significant, that affected by the office cost and miscellaneous cost.

7.2.3.4. Long Term Payable

From the PDAM Bandung Regency finance report, as seen on the table 38 in appendix 3 the long


payable is Rp 4.02 billion, that consist stake payable arrears, interest payable arrears, bank

service, interest fine, and also stake payable fine. The increase in become due long term payable

portion during 2005-2007 indicated that PDAM Sumedang Regency has not fulfilled the payment

become due long term payable.

Debt Solvency Capability Ratio (DSCR) looks pretty good and proofed by PDAM Bandung Regency

operational profit can fulfill ( ) long term payable payment (prime and interest) that becomes duein every year.






PDAM Sumedang Regency average fare, as shows from the table 39 in appendix 3 , was counted

base on water sales divided by water sold number. However, just like the operational ratio

represent, an average fare only able to fill 98.4% from the average cost that PDAM Sumedang

Regency issued. In the other hand, tables 39 shows 2005-2007 PDAM Sumedang Regency low fare

cost development, basic fare cost, and complete fare cost. Meanwhile, the average fare for each

costumers group during 2005-2007 can be seen on the table 40 in appendix 3:

7.2.3.6. PDAM Sumedang Regency fund sources

PDAM Sumedang Regency fund sources come from:

1. Subang Regency’s government budget in 2007, amounts Rp. 801.794.532.161,28 thatcomprise with states apparatus expenditure (periodic), amounts Rp. 498.099.943.467,81 (

62,12%) and public service expenditure cost (foundation),amounts Rp. 303.694.588.693,47 (

37,88%).

2. PDAM Sumedang Regency investment in 2007, amounts Rp. 6.211.600.00,00 with the details:

come form DAK amounts Rp. 2.333.000.000,00, Regency’s government budget, amounts Rp.

3.021.000.000,00, and also Province government budget, amounts Rp. 520.000.000,00

3. The fund resource in increasing Sumedang Regency’s drinking water effort all this time

supported by the special allocation fund, in the future the public allocation fund will be pressed

than the other fund resource (state government budget / regency’s government budget /

province government budget / PDAM / Private / International Loan).

7.2.4. PDAM Subang Regency


PDAM Subang Regency operates with the onboard capacity 413, 62 liter/second. During the 2005-

2006 periods, that onboard capacity was used around 67.7 % per year. With the main water

resource are took from natural spring water and the surface water resources (Table 41 in appendix

3). The total loss water in the tables above was counted based on total water production

subtracted with total water sold and divided by the water production total. In the last two years,

2006 and 2007, the rate of water loss decreased 8.7%. These things happened because of the

decrease in the number of water production or there is a increasing in the number of production

efficiency, or combining both two things. As follows, the total of water sold in PDAM Subang





Regency has grown 5.6% on the average per year during 2005-2007 periods and bigger from the

average growth of total water production at the same period (Table 42 in appendix 3).

During 2005-2007 periods, the numbers of costumer/extension just grow 4.6% on the average

each year. Some of the costumers with the percentage 96.8% are household costumers. While the

commerce and industry costumers only 0.8% from the total costumers. With the number of

employee relatively constant, small growth of customers also make the employee ratio – extension

are not change during the period. As follows from the growth of costumer number, and the growth

of water production, also the decrease on water loss level, the average of water sold growth is

5.6% during 2005-2007 periods (table 43 in appendix 3).


industrial costumer consumed around 13.0% of the water sold. With the number of costumers have

not changed even a negative growth, commerce costumers only absorb 1.1% from the water sold,

smaller than the social costumers consumed, social consumers consumed 5.4%.


According to the table 44 in appendix 3, with the consumption of water per costumer is 19 m 3 ,

around 94.15% from the total operational income came from water sales and the rest 5.85% are

come from non water sales, for example new extension income, re-connect income, and also fine

income. In 2006 the fare increase 30% causing the income from the water sales growth 18.2% per

year during 2005-2007, even the number of sold water only grow 5.6% at the same period.

Largest portion of water sales, as seen in tables 1.5, come from the household costumers, and

industrial costumers with each contribution 70.1% and 24.7% from the total water sales. On the

other hand, water sales from social costumers are growing 25.0% per year during 2005-2007

periods. Meanwhile the water sales for household costumers, commerce costumers, and industrial

costumers grow 19.2%, 16.0%, 15.2% each at the same period (table 45 in appendix 3)..


A periodic operational cost and PDAM Subang Regency maintenance, includes all the components

are shown on table 46 in appendix 3. Like other PDAM’s, an employment cost is the component

with the biggest portion, 34.0% from total operational cost. The next biggest cost components are

depreciation cost, administration cost, and electrical cost, with each portion 18.9%, 15.1%, and

14.1%.

Generally, operational cost during 2005-2007 periods are increasing, on the average 17.7% per

year that caused from a big raise in 2006, amounts 25.0%. PDAM itself was able to reduce the

growth in operational cost in 2007, where the operational cost only growth 11.7%. However, thisraise still bigger than the raise in the operational income, with the average value 16.9% per year





during the same period. It is caused the operational ratio only move a little from 94% in 2005

becoming 96% in 2007.

The growth size of receivable qualifying cost on 2005, amounts 448.0% shows the less effective of



repair it on next couple years, proofed with the declined the receivable qualifying cost, amounts

31.3% in 2007. The time length itself becomes 67 days. Meanwhile the average raise in 2005,

amounts 561.9% along with 12.2% increase of the water production total in the same year.

The administration cost also had an increase that is pretty significant, amounts 24.6% per year

during 2005-2007 periods. This increase was affected by the 46.8% increased in 2006. Then PDAM

will be able to press the administration cost becoming 2.2% on the next year.

As we know, the raw water that is used by PDAM Subang Regency come from natural spring water

and the surface water (river). With the water production total relatively stables, the decrease in

chemical material average amounts 22.9% per year during 2005-2007. It shows the good quality

of mutual water that is used by PDAM Subang Regency.

The growth in employment cost during 2005-2007, amounts 13.5% is affected by the increase in

2006, amounts 21.6% caused from the salary adjustment. This adjustment happened after the fare

adjustment. Meanwhile the growth in electrical cost and fuel, amounts 11.0% in the same period

affected by the electrical and fuel fare adjustment. In the other hand, maintenance cost growth

16.8% per year along with the fixed assets growth, 14.1% per year.


PDAM’s receivable claim is getting better, as seen on table 47 in appendix 3 , it can be seen from






From the PDAM Subang Regency finance report, as seen in the table 48 in appendix 3 the long


payable is Rp 2.9 billion, that consist stake payable arrears, interest payable arrears, bank service,

interest fine, and also stake payable fine. The increase in become due long term payable portion

during 2005-2007 indicated that PDAM Subang regency has not fulfilled the payment of the

become due long term payable.





Debt Solvency Capability Ratio (DSCR) looks pretty good and keeps growing from 3.4 in 2005

becomes 4.3 in 2007. It means PDAM Subang Regency operational profit can fulfill 4 (four) times

long term payable payment (prime and interest) that becomes due in every year.


PDAM Subang Regency average fare, as shows from the table 49 in appendix 3, was counted base

on water sales divided to water sold number. Meanwhile average cost counted from total

operational cost (cash operational cost add to depreciation cost and interest cost) divided to total

water sold. Average cost grows 11.5% per year during 2005-2007. Now the average fare grows a

bit better, 12.55, in the same period. This average fare grows contributed by the fare adjustment

amounts 30.0% in 2006. However, just like the operational ratio represent, an average fare only

able to fill 96% from the average cost that PDAM Subang Regency issued.

Meanwhile, based on the 2nd /1998 domestic government ordinance there are three kinds of fare

categories, which are:






In the other hand, tables 50 in appendix 3 shows 2005-2007 PDAM Subang Regency low fare cost


costumer group during 2005-2007 can be seen on the tables below:

7.2.4.7. PDAM Subang Regency Funding sources

PDAM’s development funding is included with al costs to build, escalated and improving physical

system (technique) and non physical system.

PDAM Subang Regency drinking water sector funding is procurable from many sources, which are:

1. Central government: accumulated drink water infrastructure project value.

From West Java PPSAB project and Clean water Directorate since 1986 until now, amounts

Rp. 8.954.925.783,-

2. Subang Regency local government: capital participation based on 3rd /1988 district

regulation, amounts Rp. 82.000.000,- and other participation such as land, office, building,

network, pipes procurement and accumulated cash accompaniment till 2006, amounts Rp.

2.230.829.000,-





3. Central government capital investment which is not fixed about it status such as PPSAB

Jabar/DAB/APBN projects since 1996 until 2006 accumulated, amounts Rp. 16.398.735.327,-

. From that number there is Rp. 14.241.092.100,-. (87%) which is a form of 2002-2006

investment.

4. Capital donation from Dutch government, Denmark although one of Subang’s citizen, total

amounts Rp. 918.620.392,-

5. Central government loan continuation – SLA from ADB in 2000 with the basic loan Rp.

3.264.074.400,43, that will become due, payment starts April 15th 2005, ends October 15th

2018. ( 28 x installment)

6. Loan and partners / supplier in form of short term payable with reserve formation from

company profit.

7. Since 1991-2006 PDAM Subang Regency has paid to local government Rp. 1.654.387.641,-,

which is temporarily reported as an advanced money to the local government, even the

accumulated loss, amounts Rp. 1.277.301.115,-.

7.3. LEGAL AND INSTITUSIONAL ANALYSIS

7.3.1. Basic Law for natural resources.

Basic Law for natural resources in Indonesia was stated in Section 33 (3) Undang – Undang

Dasar 1945 saying that “earth, water, and natural resources be contained inside controllable by

government and be used for the citizens prosperity.”

7.3.2. Main Discussion

Based on Undang-Undang (Regulation) no. 7 2004 about Management of Water Resources.

Section 2 stated that “Water Resources are managed according to the basis of preservation,

balanced, public benefits, faired, autonomy, and tranparancy and accountability.”

Moreover, according to Section 3 stated that “water resources controlled all together, and

knowledge of environment for the purpose of use of water resources for the citizens prosperity.”

The aim of water resources was written in Section 4 that saying that “Water Resources have social

aim, environment, and economy that have been created together.”

In Section 5, “Government guarantee every citizens to get water for their main necesitty for

everday life, to obtain the healty, clean, and productive life.”

However, Section 6 has given requierments for an institution that,

(1) Water Resources controlled by government and used for citizens prosperity.”





(2) The control that had been mean in point (1) executed by government and/or government

region with still recognize the culture of the region.

(3) Based on that, as long as it is not against the national interest and rules of Undang –

Undang (regulation).

(4) The culture of water resources that had meant in point (2) will be recognized as long as it

is existed and recognized by rules of the region.

7.3.3. River and River Allocation based on Undang-Undang.

According to Peraturan Pemerintah (Government Regulation) No.35 1991 about River and

Reservoir and Flood Restraint, Section 7 (1) & (2) stated the meaning that river have many

purposes for human life, therefore needs to be taking care their perpetuations. Under Section 14

(1) stated that the exertion of the river for the citizen prosperity carried out by the government.

Nevertheless, stated in Section 14 (3)”exertion of river and/or river building can be done by law

firm, social firm, or personally after getting an approval from government.”

Based on Peraturan Menteri (Ministry Regulation) No. 39/PRT/1989 about Area of River

Allocation. Section 1(a) stated that “river allocation” means uniformity area of irrigation

methods as a result (b) of developing one or more areas of draining river. The irrgation methods

above have explained in point (e) saying that “ irrigation methods” means structure and position of

water resources and/or building of irrigation based on stipulation building technique in certain

irrgation area.

The purpose of making river allocation which stated in Section 2 where “the arrangement and

river allocation area means to guarantee the efforts of protection, water developing by means of

comprehensive and integrated in one draining river area or more, as a purpose of giving all

benefits for citizen needs.”

On other words, Peraturan Menteri (Ministry Regulation) No.39/PRT/1989 can be concluded

that it is possible to collaborate in all water resources according to the rules of building technique

as long as for the purpose of citizens.

7.3.4. Example of Public Institution under Undang-Undang (Regulation).

Government Regulation No.5 1990 about Jasa Tirta Public Institution. Section 2 stated “to

manage exploitation and protection of draining infrastructure and water exertion and water

resources, it has established Public Institution as it was stated in Undang-Undang (Regulation)

No.9 1969 under name Jasa Tirta Public Institution.”

Section 3 (1) stated the purpose of building Jasa Tirta Public Institution. In which it was written

“an Institution that make an exploitation and infrastructure protection also cultivate the water and

water resources.”





Section 5 (1) means “the characteristic of the institution is to provide services for the public

usefulness and also to cultivate profit based on the principle of institution management.”

Futhermore, Section 5(2) means “the aim of building the institution is to provide public usefulness

in water and water resources in good quality and to fulfill the needs of people, also to do some

tasks that government has given in management of a stream river area, that includes protection of

developing and the use of river and/or water resources including giving information,

recommendation, illumunation, and training.”

Lastly, Section 5(3) has given “the aim of the institution is to build national economy as to play a

role in national developing programs in the area of management water and water resources.”

7.3.5. Alternatives to build an institution according to Undang-Undang.

(A) The Establishment of Committee of System Management in Water Dati I (Province

Level)

Public Work Ministerial Regulation No. 67/PRT/1993 Article 2 subsection 1 & 2 states what

“(1) There should be a committee of water management system in every Dati I (Province

Level). (2) The formation of water management system committee in Dati I (Province

Level) as stated in subsection (I) is determined by Governor.”

Article 3 subsection (1) & (2) mentions “(1)The Committee of Water Management

System in Dati I (Province Level) is responsible to Governor. (2) The Committee of Water

Management System Dati I (Province Level) is a forum of communication in coordinating

the system of water management in Dati I (Province Level).”

Article 4 mentions that “The Committee of Water Management System Dati I (Province

Level) has a forum which can assist Governor in performing his authority in coordinating

the system of water management based on Article 8 Indonesian Government Regulation

No. 22 Year 1982 covering the followings:

a. Determining plan for water resource priority and/ or water resource;

b. Determining priority order in using water and/ or water resource in the plan of

protecting, developing, and using the water resource;

c. Managing the use of water and/ or water resource;

d. Managing waste water drainage and other sewage;

e. Managing construction of irrigation and other construction for water resource;

f. Managing solutions for problems which probably come.

Article 5 mentions that the committee of Water Management System of Dati I

(Province Level) has a responsibility for :





a. Collecting, processing and preparing things essential for determining Government’s

policies of what are in Article 3, which in accordance with available national policies of

water management system;

b. Giving considerations and/ or suggestions on the solutions to Governor as the Head of

Dati I (Province Level) for coordinating problems related to implementation of water

supply and the use of water;

c. Introducing a supervision on the implementation of coordinative decision made by

Governor;

d. Making a periodic report, or whenever it is needed, on the implementation of his jobs

to the Governor and Minister of Public Work (PU).

(B) Establishment of Water Resource Management Centre in Department of Province

Public Work

According to Public Work Ministerial Regulation No. 179/1996 (Kepmen PU No.179/1996) :

a. “Water Resource Management Center is a unit of technical implementations which is

responsible for implementing some jobs of Public Work Department (Dinas Pekerjaan

Umum) or Public Work Watering (Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Pengairan) Dati I (Province

Level) in Water Management sector which is formed with Dati I Regulation (Perda)

based on secretary of the interior’s decision No. 179 Year 1996 (Kepmendagri (Decision

of Minister of Internal Affair) No. 179/1996) on the Organization Guidance and Working

System of Water Resource Management Centre.”

b. Water resource management coordinating institution is an institution for all persons in

the interest of water resource sector in making coordination for integrating the needs

of various sectors, territories, and the water resource interest people.

c. The exertion of water resource to one or more river territory (lies) is an exertion on one

place in one river territory or underground water basin for using water, using water

container, and using water resource (which can be implemented with collaboration).

d. Regional-Owned Company (BUMD) in water resource management is a corporation

belongs to region which is formed by regional government and its modal belongs to the

regional government taken from the territorial wealth which is a part from share and

with consideration that public service is the most important in water resource exertion

with the purpose of raising up social function, living environment conservation and

economy.

e. Licensing cost is regional retribution, which is collected by regional administration as a

payment for service or specific permission which is given by regional government to

individual institution.

f. Service cost on water resource management is the cost required for managing water

resource with the purpose of using water resource effectively and continuously. This

cost should be paid by those who get the service to the water resource organizer. The





service cost is not the cost for water but it is for replacing a part of cost used for water

resource management.

(C) Establishment of Team Coordinating Water Resource Management

According to Article 8 subsections (1), (2), (3), & (4) Presidential Decree 123 Year

2004 on Water Resource Coordinating Institution, it is written :

(1) For optimizing the implementation of water resource management policy in

Province, Governor can make a coordinating institution of water resource

management in the Province level.

(2) For optimizing the implementation of water resource management policy in

regency/city, regency administration officer/mayor can make a coordinating

institution for water resource management in regency/city level.

(3) Work relationship between Team Coordinating Water Resource Management and

the coordinating institution of water resource management in regional level is

consultative and coordinative.

(4) The minister of settlement and regional infrastructure as the executive director of

Water Resource Coordinating Team determines a guidance for establishing water

resource management coordinating institution in regional level.

Article 9 subsection (1) & (2) mentions about things related to the cost of team,

(1) All expense for implementing the coordinating team of water resource management

and secretariat will be borne by the Budget of Department of Settlement and

Regional Infrastructure.

(2) All expense for implementing the activities of coordinating institution of water

resource management in regional level will be borne by Regional Income and

Budget.

[Back to Point 2 for Water Resource Management]

(D) Development of Drinking Water Supplying System

According to Government Regulation 16 Year 2005

Article 1: General Condition

a. Drinking water is an activity to supply drinking water for meeting people needs to

have healthy, clean, and productive life.

b.

The system of drinking water supply (SDWS) is a unit of physical (technical) and non-physical system of infrastructure and drinking water medium.





c. The SDWS development is an activity with the purpose of building, expanding and/or

improving physical (technical) and non-physical (institution, management, finance,

society’s role, and law) in an intact unit for supplying drinking water to people for a

better condition.

d. The implementation of SDWS development is an activity of planning, constructing,

managing, maintaining, rehabilitating, monitoring, and/or evaluating physical

(technical) and non-physical system of drinking water supply.

e. Implementation of SDWS development which is called as an operator is Regional

Government corporation, cooperation, private corporation, and/or a group of people

who carries out the development of system for drinking water supply.

f. Operator is an individual, a group of people or an institution who/which get(s) service

of drinking water from operator.

Article 2: SDWS Development Control

SDWS development control is carried out in an integrated way with developing

infrastructure and medium of sanitation related to drinking water.

Article 3: SDWS Development

Development of SDWS is carried out based on environmental conservation, equilibrium,

public benefit, unity, harmony, continuity, justness, autonomy, transparency and

accountability.

Article 4: Control of Development

The control SDWS development is for:

a. The existence of management and qualified drinking water service with a reasonable

price;

b. Achieving the balance need between consumers and suppliers; and

c. Achieving the efficiency improvement and the coverage of drinking water service.

Article 5: SDWS Method

(1) SDWS can be carried out through piping network and/or non-piping network

system(s)

(2) SDWS using piping network as mentioned in subsection (1) covers raw water unit,

production unit, distribution unit, service unit, and management unit.

(3)

SDWS using non-piping network as mentioned in subsection (1) covers shallowwells, hand-pumping wells, rain-storing tanks, containers, water terminals, water

tank car, packaging water installations, or buildings for protecting springs.





(4) SDWS as mentioned in subsection (1) should be managed well and continually.

(5) Technical stipulations of SDWS non-piping network as mentioned in subsection (3)

will be further determined with the Ministerial Regulations.

Article 6: SDWS Product

(1) Drinking water produced from SDWS and used by customers should meet the

quality determined by regulations of the Minister of Health Affair.

(2) Unqualified drinking water as mentioned in subsection (1) is forbidden to be

distributed.

Article 7: Raw water unit

(1) Raw water unit as mentioned in Article 5 subsection (2) comprises the building for

storing water, building for tapping water, equipment for measuring and monitoring,

pumping system, and/or building as a medium for transferring and its equipment.

(2) Raw water unit as mentioned in Article (1), is a medium for tapping or supplying

raw water.

Article 8: The Quality of Raw Water Unit

(1) Raw water must meet the quality determined for supplying drinking water which is

in accordance with the stipulation of legislation regulations.

(2) Government and Regional Administration give a guarantee for raw water supply as

mentioned in subsection (1).

(3) For the efficiency use of raw water, Government and the Regional Administration

can make a regional collaboration.

(4) The use of raw water for drinking water business must be with a license of water

concession based on the legislation regulations.

(5) The use of raw water for meeting the needs of non-business group of people should

be with a license of right to make use of water based on the legislation regulations.

(6) The use of raw water especially from underground water and springs should

consider the needs of conservation and environment destroy prevention which is in

accordance with the legislation regulations.

Article 9: Production Unit

(1) Production unit as mentioned in Article 5 subsection (2) is the infrastructure and

medium which can be used for processing water from underground water to

drinking water through the physical, chemical or biological process.

(2) Production unit as mentioned in subsection (1), comprises the building for

processing and its equipment, operational equipment, measuring and monitoring

tools, and building for storing drinking water.





(3) Last sewage from processing raw water into drinking water as mentioned in

subsection (1) must be first processed before it is disposed to raw water resource

and open area.

Article 10: Service Unit

(1) Distribution unit as mentioned in Article 5 subsection (2) comprises pumping

system, distribution network, storing building, measuring and monitoring tools.

(2) Distribution unit must give a certainty for quantity, water quality, and the

continuity of water flow.

(3) Continuity as mentioned in subsection (2) must be guaranteed for 24 hours/day

flow of water.

Article 11: Service Unit

(1) Service unit as mentioned in Article 5 subsection (2) comprises home connection,public hydrant, and fire hydrant.

(2) There should be a water meter for measuring service units on home connections

and public hydrants.

(3) To guarantee for the accuracy, a water meter as mentioned in subsection (2) must

be periodically and officially stamped.

Article 12 : Management Unit

(1) The management unit as shown in Article 5 subsection 2 comprises technical

management and non-technical management.

(2) The technical management as mentioned in subsection (1) comprises operational,

maintaining and monitoring activities of raw water unit, production unit and

distribution unit.

(3) The non-technical management as mentioned in subsection (1) comprises

administration and service.

Article 13: Technical definition

The technical definition concerning raw water unit, production unit, distribution unit,

service unit, and management unit is then defined by Ministerial Regulations.

(E) The Formation of Public Service Institution

Based on Government Regulation 23, year 2005, Article 1,

(1) Public Service Institution, hence is called BLU, is a non-profit government institution

developed to supply goods or services to communities for their activities based on

efficiency and productivity principles.





(2) The Financial Management Pattern of the Public Service Institution, hence is called PPK-

BLU, is a financial management pattern giving flexibility to apply healthy business

practices to enhance community services. This is in the occasion to advance public

prosperity and to educate national life, as regulated in the Government

Regulations. However, this is an exception from the government financial

management regulations in general.

(3) Government means the central government and/ or the regional government.

According to Article 2 “Goal of the Public Service Institution (BLU) is to enhance

community service in advancing public prosperity and educating national life by giving

flexibility in managing the finance based on economy and productivity principles, and

healthy business practice application.”

Based on Article 3 subsection (5), “The Public Service Institution (BLU) runs without

emphasizing to get profit.”

The condition of forming a Public Service Institution (BLU) is mentioned in Article 4,

stating :

(1) A working unit of a government institution is permitted to manage finance with the

Financial Management Pattern of Public Service Institution (PPK-BLU) when they

fulfill substantial, technical and administrative conditions.

(2) Substantial conditions is fulfilled as mentioned in subsection 1 when the

government institution runs public services concerning :

a. Supply of public services and/ or goods;

b. Management of certain region/ area to enhance community economy or public

services; and/ or

c. Management of special fund in enhancing community economy and/or

community services.

(3) Technical conditions as mentioned in subsection (1) is fulfilled when :

a. Service performance in the main field and the function is worth managing and

enhancing through BLU as recommended by the minister/head of the

institution/head of SKPD; and

b. Financial performance of an institution working unit is healthy as shown in the

proposed document of BLU definition.

(4) Administrative condition as mentioned in the subsection (1) is fulfilled when the

related government institution can show all the following documents :

a.

statement of declare to enhance the performance of service, finance, andadvantages for the community;

b. management pattern;





c. business strategic planning;

d. report on main finance;

e. standard of minimum service; and

f. final audit report or statement on willingness to be audited independently.

According to Domestic Affair Ministerial Regulation 61 year 2007, concerning Technical

Guide about the management of Finance of Regional Public Services Institution, it is written

in Article 1 subsection………

(1) Regional Public Services Institution, hence BLUD, is a Working Unit of Regional

Instrument or a Working Unit in a Regional Instrument Working Unit in regional

government formed to give services to community in the form of goods and/or

service supply that is sold without emphasizing profit, based on efficiency and

productivity principles.

(2) BLUD Financial Management Pattern, hence PPK-BLUD is a financial

management pattern that gives flexibility i.e. freedom to apply healthy

business practices to enhance community services in advancing public

prosperity and to educating national life, as an exception from the regional

financial management regulations in general.

(3) Flexibility is freedom to manage BLUD finance/goods to a certain extent that

can be excepted from regulations in general.

(4) Regional Instrument Working Unit applying PPK-BLUD.

(5) The person in charge of managing BLUD is the head of BLUD responsible for

the BLUD operational performance consisting of the head, the person in charge

of finance, the person in charge of technical. The terms are adapted to the

terms in the related BLUD.

(6) Income is all the in-come in the form of BLUD cash and claim adding to fast

funding equity in the then budgeting period that no need paying back.

Article 2 subsection .... contains the relationship between BLUD and the Government.

(1) BLUD operates as regional government working instrument to provide public

services more effectively and efficiently. It works parallel with healthy business

practices. The management is carried out based on the authority empowered

by the head of the region.

(2) BLUD is a part of regional government instrument formed to help reach the goal of

regional government, without separating legal aspects of the regional

government.

(3) The head of the region is responsible for the practice of the public services

management policy empowered to BLUD especially concerning the advantage

aspect resulted.





(4) The person in charge of managing BLUD is responsible for the practice of public

services activities empowered by the head of the region.

(5) In practicing the activities, BLUD should emphasize on the effectively and

efficiency, and also community services without emphasizing on getting profit.

7.3.6. NUMBER 50 YEAR 2007 ABOUT INSTRUCTIONAL MANAGEMENT

LOCAL GOVERNMENT COOPERATION

a. Chapter 1 – general instruction

In this Government regulation which is meant:

1. Local Government is Governor, Head of Regency or Head of City (Mayor) and Local

Officer as the element of Local Government holding.

2. Local Government Cooperation is agreement between governor with other Governor or

Governor with Head of Regency or Head of City (Mayor) or Head of Regency or Head of

City (Mayor) with other Head of Regency or Head of City (Mayor) and or Governor, Head

of Regency or Head of City (Mayor) with third party which is made in written and have

rights and obligation.

3. Third Party is Department/Government Institution Non Department or other call, Legal

Private Corporation, State Corporation, Local Corporation, Cooperative, Foundation, and

Legal internal institution.

4. Cooperation Organization is a forum to do the cooperation which has pointed

representative member from Local Area to held cooperation.

b. Chapter 4 – Cooperation Object

Local Area cooperation object is all of government affair which have became authorization of

autonomy area and as public service provider.

c. Chapter 7 – INSTRUCTIONAL MANAGEMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT COOPERATION

Instructional Management Local Government Cooperation is done by:

a. Head of Local Government or one of party as a pioneer or offer cooperation planning to the

other head of local government and third party about such an object.

b. If the parties as pointed above on point “a” accept, cooperation planning can be increased

by making cooperation agreement and prepare cooperation agreement outline which

contain at least:

1. cooperation subject;

2. cooperation object;

3. cooperation scope;





4. parties’ rights and obligations;

5. cooperation range of time;

6. cooperation elimination;

7. first major situation; and

8. problem/friction solving.

c. Head of local government involve local officers in preparing cooperation agreement outline

and can ask for opinion and advise from experts, province officer, Minister and

Ministry/Head of Institution Non Department which have connection to the cooperation.

d. Head of Local Government can publish Empowerment Letter to accomplish cooperation

planning.

e. Other regulations about technical instruction as concerned in point “a”, “b” and “c”

regulated by Regulation of Ministry.

d. Chapter 13 – THE RESULT OF COOPERATION

(1) The result of local government cooperation can be money, bonds, and assets, or the non

material advantages.

(2) The result of Local Government as mentioned in verse (1) which become the local rights in

the form of money must be save to the local cash as Genuine Local Government

revenue in accordance with the legal regulation.

(3) The result of Local Government as mentioned in verse (1) which become the local rights in

the form of things/materials , must be record as asset of Local Government which is

involved proportionally in accordance with the legal regulation.

e. Chapter 24 – THE FORM OF COOPERATION ASSOCIATION

(1) To Help the Head of Local Government in holding the cooperation with other local

government which is held continuously or at least 5 years of terms, so the Head of

Local Government can form a cooperation association.

(2) The organization of cooperation association as mentioned in verse (1) not as local officer.

(3) The form and structure of the organization of cooperation association as mentioned in

verse (1) are pointed by decision agreement both of local government.

f. Chapter 25 – Mission of Association’s Organization

(1) Association’s Organization as mentioned in Chapter 24 has duties are as follows:

g. assist to managing, monitoring and evaluating on the cooperation running.

h. give critics and advises to each Head of Local Government about the steps must be

taken if it has a problem; and

i. report the duties have been done to each the Head of Local Government.





(2) The expenses which are needed in the run of association’s organization duties become the

responsibility both of Local Government involved.

7.3.7. The Institutional Development

7.3.7.1. Analysis of Institutional Affairs

SPAM regional Institution depends on the regionalization that will be developed, which in this case

is:

1) Regionalization some areas between the administration of the whole SPAM infrastructure

start and basic unit of raw water up to the management and service unit, meaning that there

will be only one SPAM manager only a few areas in the administration who do regional

cooperation. In this situation occurs merger/merger a few PDAMs that have become one. So for

the provision of services and drinking water in Subang regency, Bandung regency, West

Bandung regency, Bandung city, Cimahi city and Sumedang regency dissolved become only

one manager from the merger of PDAMs and the acquisition by the province government,

which then formed the new institutional management.

On the paper all regionalization of SPAM infrastructure is a form of the most ideal conditions for

this time, where regional autonomy have started splitting the infrastructure of public service

infrastructure, especially SPAM. SPAM service and management can be done only by a single

manager.





Goverment of

Bandung Regency

G o v e r m e n t o f

B a

n d u n g R e g e n c y

Goverment of

Subang Regency

G ov er m en t of

S um e d an gR e g e

n c y

NEWPDAM

PDAMBANDUNG

CITY

PDAM

SUBANGREGENCY

PDAM

BANDUNGREGENCY

PDAM

SUMEDANGREGENCY

Mergers among 4 PDAMs are predicted will find difficulties, especially the impact of the

expansion of Bandung regency in 3 administration areas, namely the administration of their

own Bandung regency, West Bandung regency, and the Cimahi city this day still served by

PDAM Bandung regency, so that the management process will require a very long time and

complex. Similarly, if the provincial or central government took over the SPAM to become one

institutional management. The possibility there will be a rejection of the region.

2) Regionalization distribution and services, regional cooperation is usually occurred in the

adjacent area, where one of the areas in one administrative region served by the provision of

drinking water and from the neighbour local administration with the consideration of

economical and service efficiency. They also can be valid otherwise. An example is the case of

Bandung city and Bandung regency. Some areas in the Bandung city are served by PDAM

Bandung regency, otherwise also some areas in the Bandung Regency served by PDAM

Bandung city.

Regionalization in the distribution and services system will still not completed solve the basic

problem of raw water is now a problem in the Bandung basin. So although it can still be done

but must depend on the availability of raw water at this time is still a main constraint,

especially for urban areas in the Bandung Basin.





3) Regionalization of raw water, meaning that the raw water source in one or more

administrative regions can be used by some of the local administration to regional cooperation

through specific mechanisms. Regionalization of raw water this can also include production

units. Raw water management can be done by local administration where the location of raw

water sources are exist in and / or province. User-fledged of raw water/drinking are PDAMs

that do have a regional cooperation. There are several alternative plans in the development of

this regional SPAM.

Regionalization raw water is a basic form of the most possible water management, because in

addition not to touch the existence of the existing PDAMs, can also overcome the basic

problems of raw water in the future. There are several institutional alternatives closely related

with the Regionalization of Raw Water under review by LMFE UNPAD’ ESP USAID and ADB

cooperation, namely:

a) Joint Venture Company

b) Empowerment of PT Tirta Gemah Ripah which is a subsidiary of PT. Jasa Sarana Regional

Owned Enterprises (BUMD) belonging to West Java Province.

c) The Public Service Organization.

Institutions that have been established to manage raw water can do in cooperation with each

PDAM administrative region to conduct sale and purchase agreement of raw water. Institutions

can also make cooperation with the Agency Business (third party), including the private sector.

In fact, the Joint Venture among the regions in Indonesia is difficult especially in the agreement

concerning the sharing of their respective regions. Meanwhile, PT. Tirta Gemah Ripah as

Regional Owned Enterprises (BUMD) as belonging to West Java province had formed on the

West Java, but got rejection from the PDAMs so that there can run well and eventually in the

non-actived.

Public Service Agency (BLU) is an alternative form of institutional management of raw water

regionalization that need to be considered at this time. In addition to the possibility of

existence of subsidies from the government but still implement the principles of economic,

Public Service Agency (BLU) can do in cooperation with the Business.

Public Service Agency (BLU) SPAM that operates as a "work unit" The Local

Employment Unit (institutional of Public Work Office (PU) to an agency, namely the

Public Work Office (PU)/Residential Area and Infrastructure (Kimpraswil)

Province/Regency/City Office) for the purpose of the provision of public services (in the

provision of drinking water) that its management based on the authority delegated by

the parent concerned.






BLU-SPAM device is part of achievement goals of local governments and therefore the

legal status of Public Service Agency (BLU) -SPAM is not separated from the local

government institutions as a mother.

Governor/Regent/Mayor is responsible for the implementation of the public services

conduction policy (providing of drinking water), which delegated to the Public Service

Agency (BLU)-SPAM from the benefits in terms of the services produced.

Officials/officer appointed managing Public Service Agency (BLU)-SPAM responsible for

the implementation of the provision of public services (providing of drinking water) is

delegated to officials/officer by the Governor/Regent /Mayor.

Public Service Agency BLU-SPAM conducting activities without seeking the benefits.

Work plan and budget and financial reports and performance of Public Service Agency

(BLU)-SPAM arranged and presented as a part that is not separated from the work plan

and budget and financial reports and performance of SKPD (institutional of Public Work

Office (PU) to an agency/local government.

Public Service Agency (BLU)-SPAM manages public service (the provision of drinking

water) in line with a healthy business practices.

The most ideal of Public Service Agency (BLU) for Regionalization context is Public Service

Agency (BLU)-level Provincial Government. Structure of Public Service Agency (BLU) in

Provincial level.




Supervisor Board**)

Financial &Administration Division

Recording Data &Bank Account

General Admin. &Personnel

Interim InspectionDivision

Operator UnitBLU IKK SPAM

Governor

Head of BranchBLU SPAM Unit

Regency/City A1

Head of BranchBLU SPAM Unit

Regency/City A2 R

OperationalDivision

Production

Distribution

Planning &Supervising

Maintenance

AdministrationDivision

Billing Cash

Recording Data& BankAccount

General Admin.& Personnel

CostumerService



OperationalDivision

Production

Distribution


Maintenance

AdministrationDivision

Billing Cash

Recording Data& BankAccount

General Admin.& Personnel

CostumerService




OperationalDivision

Production

Distribution


Maintenance


Head Unit BLUSPAM PROVINCEPublic Service Agency (BLU)

*) Organisational Structure can be adjusted based on regional needs**) Valid only to Public Service Agency (BLU)

FINAL REPORT

SPAM*)(Province)

BLU-SPAM PROVICE RawWater Provision &Management, andiplement Distributions andservices




As we know, the average of PDAM in Indonesia is still use the rate of water that has not meet the

principles of full cost recovery (FOR) with the reason taht purchasing power people are still low,

consequently, aware or not many PDAMs compromising the quality of services to cover the costs

incurred, and even a few PDAMs have actually been in liquidation/bankruptcy. In situations where

the public purchasing power is still a constraint in meeting the principles of economics so that FCR

can be met, Public Service Agency (BLU) is the institutional options that may be more ideal to

manage regional raw water.

Then develop cooperation between the PDAM and Board of Public Service with the General Terms

and Conditions of Cooperation between PDAM & BLU as follows;

1. The time period required cooperation between the five (5) to 20 (twenty) years

2. Facilities built and managed by PDAM (Provider) with the aim to meet the needs of the

community infrastructure and facilities

3. Characterized with a set of contractual agreements that bind each party to implement the

transaction in accordance with these provisions

4. Generally is the solid capital and require a large amount of funds for building

5. Risks identified by the parties in the transaction and was appointed to the party most able

to handle risk with lowest possible cost

6. Sales income of drinking water obtained from the reward that can be calculated based on

the minimum volume produced (take or pay) with the services that sell products produced

from facilities built in accordance with the terms of the agreement between the

Government of the BLU.

7. BLU is not involved in the operation and maintenance of other units that they do not build

a. Forms of Cooperation Benefits:

1. Management of all or part of the system

2. Management facilities,

3. Operation of equipments

b. Field of clean water supply services that can be served, among others:

> Production





7.3.7.2. Stages the Establishment of Public Service Agency (BLU)

Tables 7.1. Step by step the establishment of Public Service Agency (BLU)

Activities Sub Activities Responsibilityof

Regulationsrelated

Description

Hearing to theBureau of

Economic andServices

Expert team

Hearing to RegionalSecretary

Expert team

Hearing toGovernor

Expert team

Hearing to theCouncil of Regional

Representatives(DPRD)

Expert team-

Governor

Delivered the results of astudy on the BLU as

chosen institutions thatmanage raw water at

the provincial level

Form a teamformation BLU-raw

water


Government


The team can come fromthe province and

regency/city

Determination ofLocal GovernmentUnits (SKPD) or

units of the

province will runBLU



Adjusted to the basicduties and functions ofthe BLU with work units

that have

Preparingsubstantive

requirements


Government

Regulation ofMinister no61/2007,

Regulation ofFinancialMinister

07/PMK02/2006

Meet Regulation ofMinister 61/2007 Article4, that work units have a

task, principal andfunctions are operationalin carrying out the publicservices which resulted

in a semi goods andpublic services

(quasipublic goods)

A. Preparation

Preparing thetechnical

requirements ofBLU


Government


Regulation ofFinancialMinister07/PMK02/2006

Meet Article 9 Regulation

of Minister61/2007services unit

performance working toget the

recommendations to beenhanced BLU based onrecommendation to thesecretary the head ofDetermination of Local

Government Units(SKPD) and SKPD forwork units, or healthy

Finance performance unit

workplace






Preparingadministrative

requirements ofBLU


Government


Regulation of

FinancialMinister07/PMK02/2006

Determination ofMinimum Standard, TheGovernance, Strategic

Business Plan, financialprojections

Preparation oforganizational

structure,Expert team

His/her position, thedivision of tasks,

functions, responsibilitiesand authority

Preparation of workprocedures,

Expert team

Relationship and themechanism of inter-office positions and

functionin the

organization

Preparation ofgrouping Function

Expert team

A clear division of dutiesbetween functions andrational of service andsupport functions inaccordance with theprinciples of internalcontrol in order to

achieve organizationaleffectiveness

Preparation ofhuman resources

management

Expert team

setting and a clear policy

on human resourcesfocused on the fulfillmentof the quantitative andqualitative / competent

to support theachievement of

organizational goals inan efficient, effective and

productive

The electionofficials



Leaders, FinancialOfficers and Technical

Officers

The formation ofthe Board ofsupervisors



Regulation ofFinancialMinister09/PMK02/2006

supervise themanagement of BLU

made by the manager ofBLU officials on the

implementation of theBusiness Plan andBudget, Long Term

Business Plan and theprovisions of the laws

that apply

RemunerationDetermination


Government


Regulation ofFinancialMinister

10/OMK

The reward of a job thatcan be salary,

honorarium, allowancefixed, incentives,

bonuses on achievement,pesangon, and / or

retirement.




02/2006

InventoryInvestment Needs

of BLU


61/2007

Investment can be madeas along as become thebenefit to increase the

income and improvementof the service to the

community

possibility ofcooperation

inventory with thirdparties


61/2007

To improve the qualityand quantity of services

B.Implementation

Endorsement ofBLU

RegionalLegislative(DPRD)


61/2007

After all theinfrastructures are ready

C. ControlingMonitoring and

Evaluation


Government


61/2007

Periodically need to bedone to ensure

implementation inaccordance with theplan, and to make

improvements

7.3.7.3. Budgeting BLU

The budget is needed in the early formation of BLU consists of:

1. Investment cost of the infrastructure development connected to 4 PDAMs. If BLU is in the

city as the capital of the province, the total cost of investment required is Rp 102 Billion,

with the details as follows;

Infrastructure between Investment Needs Description

Rp53.000.000.000Infrastructure development (World

Bank Studies, 2006)Bandung City-Sumedang

Regency

Rp67.000.000.000Making Dam (World Bank Studies,

2006)

Bandung City-Bandung

RegencyRp15.000.000.000

Bandung Cuty-Subang

RegencyRp28.000.000.000

Making Infrastructure (ESP

Studies, 2008)

Total needs Infrastructure

Investment without DamRp 162.000.000.000





2. Operational and Non-Operational Costs.

Operating costs include all of costs which become a burden to run the tasks and functions,

which consist of the cost of services and administration.

Non Operational costs, covering the entire cost of a burden in order to support the

implementation of the tasks and functions.

7.3.7.4. Positive & Negative Any Options Of The Blu-Spam Formed


BLU-SPAM

Province


Drinking Water Provision

System (SPAM) that isintegrated in a provincial area



drinking water

Will facilitate the synergy and

efficiency of financial

management in large-scale


department given in the jobservices of SPAM at provincial

level





province

Not get involve actively providing

funding for SPAM at the Regency

/ City Lack of allocation of resources to

get Regional Budget (APBD) of

Regency / City


allocations from the province

budget because is still a bit

provinces concerned with the

drinking water

there are weaknesses in thecontrol region because spread


resources with the big-cocked

BLU-SPAM

Region

The allocation of a maximum of

more Provincial Budgets(investment, O / M, Bantek,

Training)


SPAM that is integrated in a

single region

Will implement synergy and

efficiency financial management

in a large scale

The ease of the technicaldepartment given in the job

services of SPAM at regional

Will have a little difficulty in

forming a new BLU-SPAM there are weaknesses in the

control region because of spread


resources with a large amount

Not get involve actively funding

for the realization of SPAM at the

Regency / City

Lack of allocation from Regional

Budget (APBD) resources Regency / City







level





region



drinking water

Allows for cross-subsidy for poor

Regency /City

allocation from the provincial

budget (APBD) because the

province is still a little concerned

with the drinking water

There are problems in the

provision of a certain level of

realization in SPAM

BLU-SPAM

Regency/City

Responsibility of Regional

Government (Pemda Regency /

City) as the mandate of

Law/Regulation 32 of 2004

About Local Government can be

implemented in full

Budget of Regional Buget

(APBD) Regency / City


Training) can be directly

allocated and controlled

Development of technical direct to

units of BLU SPAM in Regency /

City the constraints considering

locations spread of Regency / City

in Indonesia

The possible occurrence of the

raw water problems which have

been had by other Regency / City.

The lack of human resource

capabilities in the Technical

implementation of BLU-SPAM

Dependency of investment from

the Province / Central considering

several fund of Regional Budget

(APBD) Regency / City still limited

7.3.7.5. Rights and Obligations of BLU-SPAM (Province)

1. Rigth

a. Getting land for build facilities in accordance with the laws and regulations

b. About the community or other organizations that conduct activities and cause

damage to infrastructure and facilities services

c. Allowed to charge / reward or accept payment services of drinking water to the

public

d. Receive budget (income) from the local budget (APBD)





e. Receive income on the BLU-SPAM cooperation with other parties

f. Set and impose fines against the delay/late in payment charges

g. Obtain a raw water quality standard continuous in the appropriate permission has

been obtained

h. Cut off the connection to the subscribers do not fulfill the obligations

2. Obligations

a. Ensure that services meet the standards set.

b. Provide the necessary information to all parties concerned on the incident or a

special case and will cause potential changes on the quality and quantity of

services

c. Operate facilities and provide services to all users / customers which have met the

requirements

d. Provide information on the implementation of the services

e. Provide appropriate compensation to customers over losses suffered

f. Obey and efforts to comply with the settlement of legal when occur disputes

g. Participate in the protection and conservation efforts to water resources in order

maintain environment conservation

7.3.7.6. Rights and Obligations of PDAMs (Regency/City)

1. Rights

a. Getting a service of drinking water / raw water materials that meet requirements

of the quality, quantity and continuity in accordance with the standards set

b. Obtain information about the structure and the amount of rates and charges (bill)

c. Submit a claim on the service itself harmful to the court

d. Getting feasible compensation as a result of the negligence of services

2. Obligations

a. Pay bills on the services of raw water

b. Using raw water well

c. Participated in maintaining the facilities and maintain the raw water

d. Following and settlement efforts and meet the law when disputes occur





7.3.7.7. Source of Income BLU

a. Services

b. Grants


d. APBD

e. APBN and

f. Other a valid income of BLU-SPAM

APBN and APBD can provide funds, but until now, not all PDAMs acquire their funds from APBD

and APBN for raw waters. Therefore, nowadays it can not be defined the amount of investment

that can be obtained from APBD and APBN.

7.3.7.8. Description of income from each sources

a. BLU-SPAM income that come from services, in the form of rewards acquired from

the service given

b. BLU-SPAM income that come from a grant tied and not tied


d. BLU-SPAM income that come from APBD with authorization of the local

government budget credit not derive from ABPD financing

e. BLU-SPAM income that come from the state budget (APBN) revenues can be

derived from the government in the framework of the implementation of

deconcentration and / or assistance task and others

f. BLU-SPAM in implementing of the budget deconcentration and / or assistance

task, the process of financial management conducted separately based on the

conditions prevailing in the State Budget (APBN)

g. Other a legal income of BLU-SPAM, are as follows:

The sale of property that are not separated;

The utilization of property;

Time deposit Services;

Interest income

Benefits of the difference between the exchange rate of rupiah against

foreign currencies;

Commission, discount or other form as a result of the sales and / or

procurement of goods and / or services by BLU-SPAM

The investment





7.3.7.9. Option of BLU SPAM Formed

1. BLU-SPAM provide and manage the unitof raw water and carry out thedistribution and services

1. When the Regency / City havePDAM have pain and / or theRegency / City of the spreading

2. BLU-SPAM Province/Region and provideand manage a unit of raw water andRegency / City implement thedistribution and services

2. When two (2) Regencies / Citiesor more can not provide andmanage the unit of raw water

3. BLU-SPAM Regency / City provide and

manage the unit of raw water, unit ofproduction, unit of distribution andservices

3. When Regency / City able to

manage all the unit of IKK-SPAMbuilt

4. No need to be formed BLU-SPAM-SPAMIKK but unit which managed by PDAMRegency / City

4. When Regency / City havehealthy PDAM

a. Option is selected

The option number two, only the distribution and services in the regency / city through PDAM

b. Flowchart Of BLU-PDAM-Subscriber

PDAM BANDUNG

CITY

BLU

PRODUCTION

WATER

PURCHASING

SUBSCRIBER

RAW WATER

SELLING

DRIKING

WATER

DISTRIBUTION

RAW WATER

PURCHASING

PDAM

BANDUNG

REGENCY

PDAM

SUMEDANG

REGENCY

PDAMSUBANG

REGENCY




APENDIX I



1

1 . PDAM BAND UNG CI T Y

a. Balance Sheet

Year

2005 2006 2007

Assets (Rp 000)

Cash & Bank 28743359 30666486 15403341

Account receivable 16813841 16622442 18971929

Others receivable 2018007,5 2612098,1 2981303,1

Supply 1062743,9 1209309,7 1303809,7

prepaid 2555446,4 2696598,5 2831428,4

Current assets 51193398 53806935 41491812

Land 6703236,1 6703236,1 6703236,1

Price Receivable without land 268735493 268735493 289735493

Accumulated Depreciation -210665962 -219068291 -228079620

Fixed Assets Value 64772767 56370438 68359108

Fixed Assets ongoing project 0 21000000 21000000Miscellaneous 142082203 142082203 142082203

Total Assets 258048367 273259575 272933122

LIABILITIES (Rp 000)

Liabilities 1300847,9 1416955,7 1493432,7

Current liabilities 1180883,4 1239836,2 1306753,6

Tax payable 320375,2 4598206,8 9424674,8

Become due long term payable 26448943 27316390 27316390

Current liabilities 29251049 34571388 39541251

Long term payable 327796675 300480286 273163896

Other obligation 19419182 45868125 45868125

Long term payable 347215858 346348411 319032021

Costumer stallage 2270578,3 2270578,3 2270578,3

YBDS Government participation 0 0 0



2

Year

2005 2006 2007

Others liabilities 2270578,3 2270578,3 2270578,3

Total liabilities 378737485 383190377 360843850

Separated local governmentproperties 3224618 3224618 3224618

Center governmentparticipation 40184143 40184143 40184143

Re- evaluate Fixed assets

differences 0 0 0

Others capital 4702448 4702448 4702448

Back up fund 7239156,4 -168800327 -158042011

Current year profit (loss) -176039484 10758316 22020075

Capital and Back up fund-

120689118-

109930802 -87910728

Total Liabilities 258048367 273259575 272933122

b. Profit (Loss)Year

2005 2006 2007

Public

Total Citizen (person) 2000000 2030000 2060450

Total Served Citizen (person) 818990 818990 818990

Service scope (%) 40,95% 40,34% 39,75%

Total last Costumer 143003 143003 143003

Total new extension -192 0 0

Consumes m3/mth (Yr)/Costumers 20 20 20

Total Production (000 m3) 1.372 81.372 81.372

Total water demand (000 m3) 4.116 34.116 34.116

Total water consumes (000 m3) 4.116 34.116 4.116

Water loss expectation (%) 47% 45% 43%

Water loss (%) 58% 58% 58%

Average fare raise 0% 38% 14%

Min Recovery Cost Level (B. Akt)

(Rp/m3) 2.407 3.092 3.157



3

Year

2005 2006 2007

Average fare (Rp/m3) 2.014 2.784 3.178

Min. recovery cost (B. Akt) (%) 84% 90% 101%

2.614 2.690

1.586 1.979 2.373

107%

76%

Income (Rp 000)

Water sales income 54.103.446 67.529.083 80.954.721

Administration and meter-hiringincome 14596219,5 27456301,43 27456301,43

Water income 68699665,1 94985384,51 108411022

New Extension income 1091572,7 0 0

Other non water income 1892953,6 2374634,613 2710275,549

Non water income 2984526,3 2374634,613 2710275,549

Soiled water income 16879806,4 20258724,92 24286416,16

Operational income 88563997,8 117618744 135407713,7

Expenses (Rp 000)

Labour expense 30213989 31724688,45 33310922,87

Electricity and fuel expense 4097183,3 4097183,3 4097183,3

Chemical material and complementmaterial 4529762,1 4869494,258 5234706,327

Maintenance & material cost 9650042,4 9943213,223 9943213,223

Administration & Public 9077696,8 9200159,651 9675167,633Receivables elimination 3798721 5402326,646 6476377,644

Raw Water 907736,1 975816,3075 1049002,531

Soiled water operational cost 5053399,8 4634901,728 4885060,147

Water purchase from others PDAM 0 0 0

Cash operational cost 67328530,5 70847783,56 74671633,68

Profit (loss) (Rp 000)

Operational profit (loss) 21235467,3 46770960,48 60736080,01

Non operational income 3804223,9 4274342,303 4878495,989



4

Year

2005 2006 2007

Non operational cost -2209046,2 -1062716,753 -1120074,505

Profit ( loss) before depreciation 22830645 49982586,03 64494501,5

Depreciation 8043917,8 8402329,283 9011329,283

Soiled water – depreciation 0 0 0

Profit (loss) before interest 14786727,2 41580256,75 55483172,22

Interest expense 6738569,9 26223734,02 24038422,86

Soiled water – interest expense 0 0 0

Profit (loss) before tax 8048157,3 15356522,72 31444749,36

Corporation tax income 4591476 4598206,816 9424674,808

Profit (loss) after tax 3456681,3 10758315,9 22020074,55

RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI)

Fixed assets average number 265462972,5 268735492,5 279235492,5

ROI yearly 1,30% 4,00% 7,89%

ROI average 4,40% 5,94% 7,89%

Operational Cost/Pend. Ops. (Working

Ratio) < 100% 98,00% 74,59% 68,88%

Payable cost /Pend.Ops. (OperatingRatio) < 100% 126,21% 115,88% 108,06%

Current Ratio 1,75 1,56 1,05

Liabilities ratio (current liabilities +

long term liabilities) 145,9% 139,4% 131,4%

EBIT/interest expense 219,43% 158,56% 230,81%

profit/water income 5,0% 11,3% 20,3%

DSC Ratio 2,19 0,79 1,08

INCREASING NEEDS FOR CLEANWATER RATE 2006

Water sales (000 m³) 34.116 34.116 34.116

Revenue – Clean Water 68.699.665 94.985.385 108.411.022

Revenue – Clean Water (without

Administration + Meter cost) 54.103.446 67.529.083 80.954.721

OM Cost – Clean Water 62275130,7 66212881,83 69786573,53

Reduction Cost – Clean Water 6031680,6 6084966,866 6526004,666

Interest Cost – Clean Water 6738569,9 16923115,21 15512855,61

Loan Principal – Clean Water 0 17628245,01 17628245,01



5

Year

2005 2006 2007

Sub-Total Receivable Needs 75045381,2 100764242,1 102927674,1

Tax 4591476 2500000 2500000

Investment 0 21000000 21000000

Contribution of PAD 0 0 0

Total Receivable Needs 79636857,2 124264242,1 126427674,1

Total Long terms Debt Payment 6738569,9 34551360,22 33141100,62

Average rate – Water Price Only 1585,862046 1979,389828 2372,917609

Average Receivable/ m³ 2013,701535 2784,179724 3177,707505

Average Cost – Without Investment 2199,705037 2953,567658 3016,981453

Average Expenses/ m³ 2334,288841 3642,391773 3705,805569

OR – Water Price/Average Cost

without investment 67,02% 78,65%

OR - Water Price / Average Cost withinvestment 54,34% 64,03%

OR - (Water Price + Pend. Air Lain)/Average Cost 94,26% 105,33%

OR - (Water Price + Pend. AirLain)/Biaya Rata dg I 86,27% 76,44% 85,75%

The need of Increasing Rate 6,08% -5,06%

The need of Increasing Rate 15,92% 30,82% 16,62%

Average Rate – Clean Water 2013,701535 2784,179724 3177,707505

Recovery Cost Level Min. – CleanWater (Rp/m3) 2199,705037 2615,214961 2691,556309

Recovery Cost Level Min. – CleanWater (%) 91,54% 106,46% 118,06%

The need of Increasing Rate 9,24% -6,07% -15,30%

Average Rate – Clean Water (withoutAdministration Cost) 1585,862046 1979,389828 2372,917609

Min Recovery Cost Level. – Clean

Water (Rp/m3) 2199,705037 2615,214961 2691,556309

Min Recovery Cost – Clean Water (%) 72,09% 75,69% 88,16%

Increasing Needs Rate 38,71% 32,12% 13,43%

Selling Water 34,1 34,1 34,1

OM Cost 53.197,4 57.012,7 60.111,4



6

Year

2005 2006 2007

Administration & General Cost 9.077,7 9.200,2 9.675,2

OM Cost 62.275,1 66.212,9 69.786,6

Depreciation 6.031,7 6.085,0 6.526,0

Interest Rate 6.738,6 16.923,1 15.512,9

Loan Principal 0,0 17.628,2 17.628,2

Debt Payable 6.738,6 34.551,4 33.141,1

Total 75.045,4 106.849,2 109.453,7

Total Liabilities 258.048,4 273.259,6 272.933,1

2 . PDAM BAN DUN G REGENCY

a. Balance Sheet

Assets 2005 2006 2007

Smooth Assets

Cash - Bank 2,725,240,571.38 1,222,688,154.65 21,504,708,505.41

Short term investment 75,000,000.00 4,050,000,000.00 3,050,000,000.00

Corporate account receivable 7,189,442,140.00 6,853,587,760.18 5,733,148,692.50

Corporate debt share -2,500,359,773.50 (2,573,714,139.50) (1,281,195,362.50)

Others Debt 463,853,310.33 312,371,145.68 258,029,837.88

Supply 136,037,194.00 158,265,169.00 247,263,032.43

Down Payment 84,511,438.72 596,390,286.87 713,803,474.20

Amount of smooth Assets 8,173,724,880.93 10,619,588,376.88 30,225,758,179.91

Fix Assets

- Land 5,220,111,140.12 5,251,111,142.12 5,419,324,242.12

- Installation 69,605,984,232.32 74,471,759,083.18 75,917,167,931.61

- Building 1,713,617,645.71 1,737,942,645.71 1,737,942,645.71

- Equipment and tools 369,230,207.29 382,480,307.29 455,243,407.29

- Vehicles 1,395,775,694.97 1,395,775,694.83 1,395,775,694.83

- Inventory 3,147,244,220.84 3,523,494,864.80 3,764,201,964.80

Receivable amount 81,451,963,141.25 86,762,563,737.93 88,689,655,886.36

Accumulation Reduction -33,766,586,012.55 (38,764,462,430.98) (43,934,792,704.27)

Book Rate 47,685,377,128.70 47,998,101,306.95 44,754,863,182.09

OTHERS ASSETS

Postponed Tax Assets 732,607,932.05 754,614,241.85 366,858,608.75

Fix assets on finishing 1,859,726,709.22 384,034,032.00 384,034,032.00

Installation material 1,757,803,246.00 1,627,292,248.94 1,575,698,309.37

Warranty money 2,180,200.00 2,180,200.00 2,180,200.00



7

Assets 2005 2006 2007

Temporary payment 48,352,315.00 142,230,761.00 -Fund for overseas debt

payment 0.00 0.00 -

New connection will be

accepted 0.00 0.00 -

Fix assets haven’t been used 37,990,500.00 43,550,000.00

Fix assets non function 1,925,224,742.73 1,924,414,742.73 1,924,414,742.73

Decreasing rate of sharing (1,455,471,681.80) (1,496,412,245.58) (1,496,412,245.58)

Book rate of Fix assets non

function 469,753,060.93 428,002,497.15 428,002,497.15

Software 0.00 117,078,475.00 197,378,475.00

Amortization accumulation of

software 0.00 (23,727,691.14) (63,028,559.89)

Book Rate 0.00 93,350,783.86 134,349,915.11

Other assets 8,348,694.00 8,348,694.00 8,348,694.00

Down Payment to Pemda 0.00 1,900,000,000.00 1,733,739,860.74

(Regional Government)

Amount of other assets 4,878,772,157.20 5,378,043,958.80 4,676,762,117.12

AMOUNT OF ASSETS 60,737,874,166.83 63,995,733,642.63 79,657,383,479.12

LIABILITIES

SMOOTH OBLIGATION

Corporate Debt 1,613,973,365.00 1,831,185,191.00 1,807,827,906.77

Non Corporate Debt 70,424,058.00 73,853,203.00 72,608,620.00

Cost payable 891,422,749.99 1,047,772,370.00 1,208,190,780.00

Receivable revenue in advance 0.00 0.00 -

Short terms Loan

Tax Debt 3,408,672,251.64 3,400,817,045.43 3,362,761,795.86

In time Long terms tax 3,277,712,222.57 3,315,248,551.40 4,184,115,421.58

Debt Interest - 0.00 332,454,443.96

Other short terms obligation 372,717,164.49 258,660,784.00 263,973,432.00

Amount of Smooth Obligation 9,634,921,811.69 9,927,537,144.83 11,231,932,400.17

LONG TERMS OBLIGATION

& OTHERS

Loan of Centre Government 2,334,100,954.28 1,750,575,715.82 1,167,050,477.36

Foreign loan 15,604,633,893.50 13,166,282,334.06 10,727,930,774.62

Interest in terms 1,173,487,025.48 880,115,269.12 586,743,512.76

Leasing Debt

Meter Fund Supply 1362438484 1,233,523,812.00 916,803,562.00

Fund 2,192,629,283.24 2,946,789,057.10 1,849,517,451.77

Subscribe warranty money 694,966,470.00 679,210,820.00 678,895,370.00

Amount of Long term

Obligation & others 23,362,256,110.50 20,656,497,008.10 15,926,941,148.51

CAPITAL AND SUPPLY

District Government Wealthwhich separated 7,467,668,649.40 12,467,668,649.40 32,467,668,649.40

Government attaching YBD

Status 515,343,832.00 515,343,832.00 515,343,832.00

Center Government Capital 25,815,380,331.01 25,815,380,331.01 25,815,380,331.01

Capital Grant 3,512,978,988.00 3,512,978,988.00 3,512,978,988.00



8

Assets 2005 2006 2007

Amount of Capital 37,311,371,800.41 42,311,371,800.41 62,311,371,800.41

profit/(loss Accumulation) (6,268,957,628.640) (9,570,675,555.77) (8,899,672,310.70)

Profit/Loss Ongoing Year 1,259,035,137.860 1,930,038,382.93 1,016,848,823.66

Profit supply (4,560,753,064.990) (1,259,035,137.86) (1,930,038,382.93)

Credit Balance Profit/Loss (9,570,675,555.770) -8,899,672,310.70 (9,812,861,869.97)

Amount of Capital and Supply 27,740,696,244.64 33,411,699,489.71 52,498,509,930.44

Amount of Liabilities 60,737,874,166.83 63,995,733,642.63 79,657,383,479.12

0.00 0.00 0.00

a. Loss/Profit

YearNo Item2005 2006 2007

1 Profit/Loss 9.570.676 8.899.672 9.018.956

2 Operational Income 28.062.889 29.500.142 29.834.636

3Operational Cost (IncludingDepreciation & interest) 25.885.185 26.230.526 27.594.480

4 Income/Other Expenses 6.863 98.886 349.858

5 Net Profit after Tax 1.259.035 1.930.038 1.810.755



3 . PDAM SUBAN G REGENCY

a. Balance Sheet

ASSETS OBLIG

REFF31 DECEMBER 2007

( Rp. )

31 DECEMBER 2006

( Rp. )PREDICTION

CURRENT ASSETS CURRENT OBLIGATION

- CASH/BANK 5.3.1.1 1.747.185.637,69 1.660.572.782,69 - CORPORATE DEBT 5

- CORPORATE RECEIVABLE 5.3.1.2 2.616.043.163,00 2.184.379.128,00 - OTHER DEBTS 5

- DOUBTFUL RECEIVABLE 5.3.1.3 317.808.240,00 246.568.446,00 - EXPENSE MUST BE PAID 5

- RECEIVABLE ELIMINATION 5.3.1.4 (439.130.800,00) (311.453.163,35) - TAX PAYABLE 5

- RECEIVABLE/EMPLOYEE 5.3.1.5 49.008.000,00 6.484.572,00 - LONG TERMS DEBT ON TIME 5

- SUPPLY 5.3.1.6 1.318.020,00 2.312.200,00 - OTHER SHORT TERMS OBLIGATION 5

- PAY IN ADVANC E 5.3.1.7 85.774.576,00 25.062.475,00 Amount of Current Obligation

Amount of Current Assets 4.378.006.836,69 3.813.926.440,34 LONG TERMS OBLIGATION

- FOREIGN LOAN

( ADB Loan No. 1384 INO) 5

FIX ASSETS Amount of Long Terms Obligation….

USED FIX ASSETS

- INC OME PRICE 5.3.1.8 49.280.915.250,32 44.217.854.388,97 OTHER OBLIGATIONS

- AC CUMULATION OF

ELIMINATION (20.120.491.619,00) (17.606.523.637,13) - METER FUND SUPPLY 5

BOOK VALUE 29.160.423.631,32 26.611.330.751,84 Amount of Other Obligations

9



10

ASSETS OBLIG

REFF31 DECEMBER 2007

( Rp. )

31 DECEMBER 2006

( Rp. )PREDICTION

- ONG OING ASSETS 5.3.1.9 11.982.500,00 21.982.500,00

Amount of Fix Assets 29.172.406.131,32 26.633.313.251,84 EQUITY

- SEPARATED LOC AL GOVERNMENT

WEALTH 5

- CENTER GOVERNMENT WEALTH 5

- INSERTED PAYABLE OF UNFIX STATUS 5

OTHER ASSETS - CAPITAL GRANT 5

- DELAYED TAX ASSETS 5.3.1.10 131.739.240,00 93.435.949,01

- INSTALLATION MATERIALS 5.3.1.11 1.013.758.440,25 2.513.194.133,52

- PAY IN ADVANC E TO

LOCAL GOVERNMENT 5.3.1.12 1.577.699.400,44 1.654.387.641,00 - SUSTAIN PROFIT

- DELAYED COST 5.3.1.13 518.705.000,00 - PROFIT (LOSS ) LAST YEAR 5

- AC CUMULATION OF

AMORTIZATION (9.570.000,00) - PROFIT (LOSS) CURRENT YEAR

- DELAYED COST BOOK

VALUE 509.135.000,00

Amount of Other Assets… 3.232.332.080,69 4.261.017.723,53 Amount of Equity…

AMOUNT OF ASSETS 36.782.745.048,70 34.708.257.415,71 AMOUNT OF OBLIGATION AND EQUITY



11

b. Comparative Balance Profit (Loss) Report Book Year which

finish on 31st December 2007 & 2006

Item 31 December 2007 (Rp) 31 December 2006 (Rp)

CORPORATE INCOME

- Water OperationalIncome

- Non Water OperationalIncome

14.263.791.478,00

751.816.350,00

12.756.372.062,00

745.069.020,00

AM OUN T OF CORPORATE

I NCOME :15.015.607.828,00 13.501.441.082,00

CORPORATE DIRCTEXPENSES

-

Source Expense- Processing Expense

- Transmission &Distribution Expense

SUB AMOUNT:

(4.167.007.983,59)(510.201.075,10)

(2.852.896.782,65)

( 7.530.105.841,34)

(3.653.791.607,18)(453.312.482,03)

(2.533.916.307,00)

(6.641.020.396,21)

GROSS CORPORATE

PROFIT (LOSS) :

7.485.501.986,66 6.860.420.685,79

Administration andSubscriber Connection Cost

(7.375.846.313,51) (6.704.429.740,55)

CORPORATE PROFIT

(LOSS)

109.655.673,15 155.990.945,24

INCOME/OTHEREXPENSES

- Other Income

- Other Expenses

SUB AMOUNT :

229.854.543,00

(83.093.365,92)

146.761.177,08

52.157.570,57

(242.973,51)

51.914.597,06

NET PROFI T ( LOSS )

BEFORE PPh ( TAX

REVENUE )

256.416.850,23 207.905.542,30

TAX INCOME;- Current Tax

- Delayed Tax(expenses)

SUB JUMLAH :

(148.817.000,00)

38.303.290,99

(110.513.709,01)

(137.773.400,00)

39.989.266,68

(97.784.133,32)

NET PROF I T ( LOSS )AFTER

PPh ( T AX REVENUE )

145.903.141,22 110.121.408,98



12

4 . PDAM SUMEDAN G REGENCY

a. Balance Sheet

NO PREDICTIONPER 31 DECEMBER

2007

PER 31DECEMBER

2006

I CURRENT ASSETS

Cash / Bank 139.131.745 189.599.279

Deposit Account - 100.000.000

Subscribe Receivable 1.239.429.729 833.008.825

Receivable Elimination (29.710.431)(65.957.145)

Subscriber Receivable Book Value 1.209.719.298 767.051.680

Doubtful Receivable 72.095.685 55.082.855

Doubtful Receivable Elimination (54.071.764) (41.312.141)

Doubtful Receivable Book Value 18.023.921 13.770.714

Other Receivable 48.109.895 106.866.784

Supply 100.164.775 96.211.848

Pay in Advance 866.775.407 1.308.661.447

AMOUNT 2.381.925.041 2.582.161.752

II FIX ASSETS

Land 893.233.742 893.233.742

Source Installation 735.679.915 714.357.914

Pump Installation 1.337.337.892 1.322.312.240Processing Installation 4.767.231.890 4.719.898.509

Transmission & Distribution

Installation24.410.549.140 24.377.530.474

Water Non Plant Installation 3.049.117.472 2.761.468.722

Income Value 35.193.150.051 34.788.801.601

Accumulation of Reduction (22.961.112.418) (21.048.640.605)

12.232.037.63313.740.160.996AMOUNT OF FIX ASSETS

OTHER ASSETS

Unreceivable 318.490.371 267.214.710

Unreceivable Elimination (318.490.371)(267.214.710)

Ongoing Fix Assets 608.299.323 400.942.919

Installation Materials 942.419.676 959.413.003

Research & Development Cost 370.711.500 370.711.500

Amortization of Research &Construction Cost

(363.378.167)(343.318.750)

Delayed Tax Assets 94.844.900 94.844.900

APT Value Reduction Supply (94.844.900) -

Non Operational Assets 1.556.185.048 1.556.185.049

AMOUNT OF OTHER ASSETS 3.114.237.379 3.038.778.621

AMOUNT 17.728.200.053 19.361.101.369



13

NO PREDICTION

PER 31

DECEMBER

2007

PER 31

DECEMBER

2006

III CURRENT OBLIGATION

Corporate Debt 630.425.628 295.679.953Other Debts 53.239.699 49.099.565

Pension Debt 27.563.595 27.563.595

Tax Debt 59.100.413 60.604.794

Interest Debt - -

Maintenance Warranty Period - -

Cost must be paid 21.272.556 7.217.000

Long Terms Debt in Time 4.025.765.360 3.312.698.032

4.817.367.251 3.752.862.939 AMOUNT OF CURRENT OBLIGATION

IV LONG TERMS OBLIGATION & OTHERS

Long Terms Debt 2.174.782.058 2.430.638.771Subscriber Warranty Money 225.051.750 225.006.750

Meter Fund Supply 2.102.907.503 2.350.479.855

Supply Fund:

- Production Fund -

- Social & Education Fund 34.993.077 34.993.077

- Pension & Supporting Fund - -

4.537.734.388 5.041.118.453 AMOUNT OF LONG TERMS OBLIGATION

EQUITY

Inserted of Center Government Unfix Status 7.787.283.657 7.787.283.657Local Government Capital

12.797.274.330 12.797.274.330

Donation Capital3.789.765.197 3.789.765.198

General Supply53.567.240

53.567.240

Balance (Loss) Last Year (13.860.770.447) (11.382.993.141)

Profit (Loss) Recent Year (2.194.021.562) (2.477.777.306)

AMOUNT OF EQUITY .373.098.415 0.567.119.977

AMOUNT 7.728.200.053 9.361.101.369



ANGGARANITEM

M3 % YEAR 2007 M3 % YEAR 2006

INCOME/COST OUTSIDE CORPORATE

IV.1 Other Income 24.054.00032.680.000

IV.2 Other Costs 4.696.000 2.139.000

SUB AMOUNT OF INCOME (COST)OUTSIDE CORPORATE 0,14% 19.358.000 0,27%

30.541.000

CORPORATE PROFIT(LOSS)

1.364.299.965914.481.208

13.508.260.82511.478.327.817

Extraordinary Profit

Extraordinary Loss

SUB AMOUNT OF EXTRAORDINARY

PROFIT (LOSS)- -

PROFIT (LOSS) BEFORE TAX1.364.299.965

914.481.208

DELAYED TAX INCOME

REDUCTION1.123.436.613

1.123.436.613

APT VALUE REDUCTION COST

NET PROFIT (LOSS)240.863.352

(208.955.405)

15



APENDIX II



1 . PDAM BAN DUNG CI TY

Table 1. Medium of Drinking Water in Bandung City, Year 2006

Family % Family % Family % Family % Family % 1 Bandung Kulon 22,083

5,244

23.75% 1,252

5.67% 6,368

28.84% 34

0.15% 94 0.43%

2 Babakan Ciparay 21,323

7,195

33.74% 3,385

15.87% 5,256

24.65% -

- 2 0.01%

3 Bojongloa Kaler 20,889

9,164

43.87% 3,674

17.59% 4,357

20.86% -

- 254

1.22%

4 Bojongloa Kidul 26,772

2,723

10.17% 1,503

5.61% 5.812

21.71% -

- 66

0.25%

5 Astana Anyar 14,783

8,361

56.56% 1,214

8.21% 459

3.10% 21

0.14% 203

1.37%

6 Regol 15,434

6,934

44.93% 4,215

27.31% 2,018

13.08% -

- 185

1.20%

7 Lengkong 15,838

10,874

68.66% 1,072

6.77% 1,066

6.73% 1

0.01% 1

0.01%

8 Bandung Kidul 14,587

3,084

21.14% 2,855

19.57% 1,221

8.37% -

- 1,009

6.92%

9 Margacinta 26,895

11,010

40.94% 11,005

40.92% 2,262

8.41% -

- -

- 10 Rancasari 13,131

1,768

13.46% 3,888

29.61% 2,205

16.79% 35

0.27% 8

0.06%

11 Cibiru 15,481

760

4.91% 7,877

50.88% 2,282

14.74% -

- 600

3.88%

12 Ujung Berung 17,291

2,169

12.54% 2,454

14.19% 10,696

61.86% -

- 166

0.96%

13 Arcamanik 15,927

4,579

28.75% 2,308

14.49% 2,229

14.00% -

- 321

2.02%

14 Cicadas 22,986

10,122

44.04% 3,280

14.27% 3,845

16.73% 21

0.09% 1,101

4.79%

15 Kiara Condong 25,385

7,246

28.54% 3,660

14.42% 3,233

12.74% -

- -

- 16 Batununggal 26,801

8,159

30.44% 7,305

27.26% 2,891

10.79% -

- 39

0.15%

17 Sumur Bandung 8,256 5,316 64.39% 198 2.40% 556 6.73% - -

59 0.71%18 Andir 19,488

6,431

33.00% 2,335

11.98% 6,278

32.21% -

- -

-

19 Cicendo 21,491

6,732

31.32% 2,366

11.01% 1,316

6.12% 26

0.12% 84

0.39%

20 Bandung Wetan 8,038

5,017

62.42% 3,129

38.93% 1,216

15.13% 8

0.10% 309

3.84%

21 Cibeunying Kaler 14,023

3,641

25.96% 1,429

10.19% 4,019

28.66% -

- -

- 22 Cibeunying Kidul 21,971

8,940

40.69% 2,415

10.99% 3,321

15.12% -

- 6

0.03%

23 Coblong 22,519

7,058

31.34% 3,212

14.26% 3,814

16.94% 2

0.01% 19

0.08%

24 Sukajadi 21,416

7,954

37.14% 5,772

26.95% 7,260

33.90% -

- -

- 25 Sukasari 15,623

6,253

40.02% 4,890

31.30% 1,896

12.14% -

- 411

2.63%

26 Cidadap 11,145

3,702

33.22% 1,597

14.33% 1,943

17.43% -

- 1,242

11.14%

TOTAL AMOUNT 479,576

160,436

33.45% 88,290

18.41% 87,819

18.31% 148

0.03% 6,179

1.29%

No Regency Amo unt

Family Running Water SPT SGL PAH Others

Sumber : Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung, 2007 (Public Health Service Bandung City, 2007)

Table 2. The Scope of Service for Drinking Water

1 Bandung Kulon 125,936 6,825 34,125 27.10%

2 Babakan Ciparay 133,224 3,582 17,910 13.44%

3 Bojongloa Kaler 117,445 6,109 30,545 26.01%

4 Bojongloa Kidul 78,280 4,387 21,935 28.02%

5 Astanaanyar 71,060 7,771 38,855 54.68%

6 Regol 81,370 8,049 40,245 49.46%

7 Lengkong 72,450 10,550 52,750 72.81%

8 Bandung Kidul 48,528 2,241 11,205 23.09%

9 Margacinta 112,032 8,017 40,085 35.78%

10 Rancasari 70,500 2,070 10,350 14.68%

11 Cibiru 87,282 82 410 0.47%

12 Ujungberung 82,593 1,394 6,970 8.44%13 Arcamanik 104,760 2,181 10,905 10.41%

14 Cicadas 121,190 9,396 46,980 38.77%

15 Kiaracondong 121,836 8,511 42,555 34.93%

16 Batununggal 38,911 6,554 32,770 84.22%

17 Sumur Bandung 102,240 4,446 22,230 21.74%

18 Andir 95,950 5,036 25,180 26.24%

19 Cicendo 31,825 5,676 28,380 89.18%

20 Bandung W etan 109,416 4,089 20,445 18.69%

21 Cibeunying Kidul 67,584 6,743 33,715 49.89%

22 Cibeunying Kaler 67,584 4,918 24,590 36.38%

23 Coblong 122,368 8,860 44,300 36.20%

24 Sukajadi 99,864 5,851 29,255 29.29%

25 Sukasari 76,461 5,641 28,205 36.89%

26 Cidadap 50,760 2,295 11,475 22.61%

Total 2,291,449 141,274 706,370 30.83%

Population Serviced

(Persons)

Scope of

ServiceNo, Service Area

Amoun t of Popu lati on

(Persons) Amount of

Connections

Source : ESP_USAID, 20

1



2

Table 3. The Condition of PDAM Service in Bandung City

Population toService

Water Use Water ConsumptionNo.

Amount ofConnection

Amount ofConnection

(unit) (Person) % (m3/month) % (L/conn/day/) (L/Pers/day)

1. Domestic

Home Connection 126,182 630,910 83.4 2,367,133 625.3 125.1 Public Value 2,090 125,400 16.6 113,488 1,810.0 30.2 Amount of

Domestic128,272 756,310 100.0 2,480,621 86.4

2. Non Domestic 13,435 389,575 13.6TOTAL 141,707 756,310 2,870,196

Table 4.Capacity of Water Taken by PDAM Bandung City

Capacity (L/second)No. Resource

Resource*) Water TakenMiscelaneous

1 Cisangkuy River 1,800.0 1,360.0

Old Pipe 1,000.0 700.0

New Pipe 800.0 660.0

Limited of SystemCondition

2 Cikapundung River 840.0 820.0IPA Badak Singa 200.0 180.0

IPA Dago Pakar 600.0 600.0

Mini Plan Dago Pakar 40.0 40.0

Dago Bengkok 600.0 - In Process

3 Cibeureum River 40.0 30.0

4 Cirateun River 5.0 4.0

5 Cipanjalu River 20.0 15.0

6 Spring 150.0 147.2

Old 93.0 90.0

Ciwangi Spring 25.2 2.2

Bangon Spring 20.0 20.0

Ciasahan Spring 12.0 12.0

7 Drilling Well 204.0 200.0

Amount 3,059.2 2,576.2

Note : *) based on the capacity permitted by SIPA

2 . PDAM B AN DUN G REGENCY



Table 5. The Condition of Drinking Water Medium in Bandung Regency, 2006

HPW-Shallow HPW-Deep Electric Pump Ho

Public Private

Public

Private

Public

Private Public

Con

V V V V V V V V V V

1 Cikalong Wetan 27802 3800 1175 5 0 0 0 732 15 0

2 Cipeundeuy 17876 3639 12 0 0 0 0 3336 0 2

3 Padalarang 32900 3801 130 135 4 1 4 9714 4 172

4 Cipatat 33247 7712 282 111 0 146 0 2851 0 2440

5 Ngamprah 31158 1461 277 594 14 0 0 3813 4 54

6 Batujaja

Well U

r 27328 4032 739 215 1 12 9 5055 85 69

7 Cililin 22394 6249 66 103 0 0 0 115 18 0

8 Cihampelas 17022 7876 322,65 951 0 173 0 592 4 0

9 Sindangkerta 15767 5633 558 161 10 13 0 1056 1 3

10 Gunung Halu 19031 4142 0 0 0 0 0 753 0 511 Rongga 15236 1463 1945 0 0 0 0 42 27 0

12 Cipongkor 19624 3050 672 125 31 0 0 187 0 5

13 Soreang 44824 13825 474 2428 83 73 12 2071 89 775

14 Pasirjambu 18048 1484 96 289 111 19 3 773 0 0

15 Ciwidey 14026 4826 420 166 0 1 0 2070 0 7

16 Rancabali 7353 1015 43 0 0 0 0 686 0 86

17 Dayeuhkolot 18864 3474 246 5766 82 230 0 1633 0 0

18 Margahayu 23289 854 22 6305 68 548 0 7111 0 0

19 Katapang 22491 6590 122 1893 42 2 287 2715 42 4

20 Margaasih 21573 4984 47 232 1 998 0 6035 18 7

21 Arjasari 18017 2977 711 126 35 26 13 808 30 26

22 Pameungpeuk 14520 4101 0 0 0 2550 0 2394 0 0

23 Banjaran 24106 8674 184 899 22 10 0 2833 9 30

24 Cangkuang 9723 3162 0 2142 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 Pangalengan 29163 9838 235 16 6 20 24 694 0 92

KU/TA/HPrivate

Drilling WELLS OF HAND PUMP & ELECTRIC PUMP SPRING PROTECT

No. Subdistric Amount of tFamily



1

Continue

Drilling WELLS OF HAND PUMP & ELECTRIC PUMPSPRING PRO

Amountof Welll

HPW-Shallow

HPW-Deep

ElectricPump

Private Public Private Public Private Public Private Public

KU/TA/HU

C

No. Subdistrict

Family

V V V V V V V V V

26 Cimaung 15602 6060 4 1454 0 0 0 1803 0 20

27 Ciparay 33700 8391 6 39 0 77 1 1248 1 0

28 Baleendah 42834 5957 910 4951 91 3577 62 4514 2 7

29 Pacet 25193 4467 702 20 5 0 0 386 0 55

30 Kertasari 13145 2120 23 627 16 0 0 77 0 16

31 Majalaya 31949 12621 495 1107 138 47 2 1440 43 7

32 Solokanjeruk 14967 3031 168 50 0 502 23 757 0 1

33 Paseh 24753 6091 5 78 1 139 7 183 0 13

34 Ibun 14864 1352 240 88 3 2 178 0 0 124

35 Cicalengka 21410 5508 249 215 1 364 1 1351 54 260 36 Nagreg 9343 1314 163 269 293 0 0 386 0 0

37 Cikancung 16724 3620 505 494 155 1985 266 2585 288 44

38 Rancaekek 35513 6164 51 2941 0 1691 16 1766 1 0

39 Cileunyi 24567 4448 136 1960 0 1806 24 2109 0 28

40 Cilengkrang 7263 1945 0 0 0 70 0 782 0 9

41 Cimenyan 16069 3721 0 364 0 6 0 1358 0 1114

42 Bojongsoang 15808 1348 36 2474 0 0 0 3853 0 0

43 Lembang 39252 8791 726 42 21 91 0 999 192 247

44 Cisarua 12203 16 5 20 0 7 0 86 0 89

45 Parompong 21720 73 0 3 0 55 0 3236 0 1554

TOTAL AMOUNT 982260 205700 13203 39858 1234 15241 932 86988 927 7365



Table 6. Condition of Service Given by PDAM Bandung Regency 2006

1 Soreang Soreang 4,207 28,606 64.4 Katapang 2,051 13,234 78.4 Pangalengan 2,759 21,398 29.1 Banjaran 798 5,850 10.4 Cangkuang 730

4,884

11.9

Pameungpeuk 168 1,096 11.0 Arjasari 122 990 9.8 Rancaekek 52

494

2.7

2 Ciparay Ciparay 4,085 29,284 33.6 Majalaya 3,207 24,982 22.8 Ibun 208 1,212 28.5 Solokan Jeruk 1,393 8,130 12.9 Paseh 82 962 1.7 Baleendah 1,378 8,590 21.9 Bojongsoang 679 4,162 24.0

Pacet 274 3,512 14.5 3 Rancaekek Rancaekek 4,704

28,494

72.9 Cicalengka 284 2,350 11.5 Cikancung 138 816 4.6

4 Lembang Lembang 2,075

14,550

22.7 Cisarua 2,524 18,360 45.4

5 Padalarang Padalarang 1,475 11,040 11.6 Ngamprah 225 1,426 10.8 Batujajar 660 4,846 9.9 Cililin 571 5,222 18.1 Cikalong Wetan 277 2,396 12.7

6 Cimahi Cimahi Selatan 2,144 15,444 19.0 Cimahi Tengah 7,012 46,880 29.4 Cimahi Utara 2,306

15,490

12.6

Ngamparh 1,622 10,794 25.8

Parongpong

682 4,388 29.9

Bandung 378 2,250 TOTAL 49,270 342,132

10.28

9.18

9.83

4.41

13.14

People got

Service (Person)

Service

Given(%) % thd service

Regency No Branch Regency

Amo unt of Connect ion

(unit)

Tabel 7. The Capacity of Water Resource taken by PDAM Bandung Regency

Resou rce Taken

1 Soreang Soreang River 60 55,00 2 IPA

Banjaran River 40 26,58

Ciwidey Spring 20 0,78

Pangalengan Spring 30 25,58

2 Ciparay Ciparay River 200 167,32

Pacet Spring 5 2,29 Paseh Spring 5 0,30

3 Rancaekek Cicalengka Drilling Well 8 3,42

Rancaekek Drilling Well 24 19,00 3 DW

4 Lembang Cisarua River 36 22,65

Lembang Spring 38 24,33 3 MA

5 Padalarang Batujajar Spring 30 20,00

Cikalong Wetan Spring 8 6,00

Cililin River 20 10,00

Padalarang Drilling Well 28 20,50 2 DW

6 Cimahi Cimahi River 197 147,50 1 IPA

Spring 2 MA

Drilling Well 2 DW

JUMLAH 749 551,25

MiscelaneousCapacity(L/sec)

No. Branch Area Resource



1


Table 8. The Capacity of Plants PDAM Tirta Rangga

No Branch/ Unit Water ResourcePlant Capacity

(lt/sec)

123

45678910

111213

SubangPamanukanBinongPagadenCipunagaraPusakanegaraComprengPurwadadiKalijatiJalancagakCisalakSagalaherangCiasem/ Blanakan

SpringSurface water/ river

Drilled wellDrilled wellDrilled wellDrilled wellDrilled wellDrilled wellDrilled well

SpringSpring

Sumur BorSurface water

155,0048,426,006,00

10,005,90

17,1010,0010,0023,3066,9015,0040,00

Total Amount 413,62

Source: PDAM Tirta Rangga Subang Regency

4. PDAM SUMEDANG REGENCY

Tables 9. Service PDAM Tirta Medal Kab. Sumedang

Zone Service AreaAmount ofConnection

I • Kec. Sukasari• Kec. Jatinangor• Kec. Cimanggung• Kec. Tanjungsari• Kec. Pamulihan• Kec. Rancakalong

8721.893

-3.112

--

II • Sumedang Utara• Sumedang Selatan• Cimalaka• Tanjungkerta• Ganeas• Cisarua

3.4862.9282.680602

--

III • Wado• Cibugel• Cisitu• Darmaraja• Jatinunggal

1.896

--

458

IV • Jatigede -

V • Situraja• Paseh• Conggeang• Tomo• Ujungjaya

1.5622.505

-

1.7581.723

VI • Buah Dua• Surian• Tanjungmedar



2

Tables 10. Service Coverage of PDAM Tirta Medal Sumedang Regency

Branch Service(%)

Population of the city (person) Luas Kota(Ha)

Cab. Sumedang Selatan 25,22 67.034 6.027,85

Cab. Sumedang Utara 30,30 75.516 3.018,66

Cab. Situraja 21,36 34.073 -

Unit Darmaraja 0,08 37.129 -

Cab. Cimalaka 31,90 37.919

Unit Tanjungkerta 23,80 12.038

Cab. Paseh 38,57 36.765 2.225,00

Cab. Tanjungsari 30,48 71.798 2.629,00

Cab. Jatinangor 31,04 83.206 2.620,00

Cab. Tomo 73,00 11.411 136,00

Cab. Ujungjaya 35,90 19.007 136,00

Cab. Wado 27,11 33.157 11.640,00

Tables 11. Raw Water Resources and Production Capacity PDAM Tirta Medal

Sumedang Regency Year 2006

Raw water resource

Branch Groundwater(L/sec)

SurfaceWater

(L/sec)

Others(L/sec)

CapacityDesign(L/sec)

CapacityProduction

(L/sec)

Cab. Sumedang Selatan - 160,00 10,00 110 44

Cab. Sumedang Utara - - 360,00 100 30

Cab. Situraja - - 660,00 20 10

Unit Darmaraja - - 4,50 8 3

Cab. Cimalaka 45,00 - - 32 20

Unit Tanjungkerta - - 4,00 5 3Cab. Paseh 23,17 - - 27 25

Cab. Tanjungsari 10,00 214,58 - 76 45

Cab. Jatinangor 15,00 134,58 - 35 28

Cab. Tomo - - 20,00 20 14

Cab. Ujungjaya - - 20,00 20 14

Cab. Wado - 1.015,00 5,00 35 26

Table 12. Sold Water Production, Distribution and NRW

PDAMAmount ofDistributed

Water (L/sec)

Amount ofSold Water

(L/sec)

LostWater

(L/sec)

Opration Time(hours/day)

Cab. Sumedang Selatan 1.043.432 22,20 23,30 22,00

Cab. Sumedang Utara 851.253 14,89 26,90 20,00

Cab. Situraja 447.460 8,58 8,44 16,00

Unit Darmaraja 107.186 2,85 13,70 16,00

Cab. Cimalaka 636.043 14,58 24,60 19,00

Unit Tanjungkerta 99.792 1,22 21,13 19,00

Cab. Paseh 583.795 16,12 21,00 16,00

Cab. Tanjungsari 759.113 15,86 24,00 16,00

Cab. Jatinangor 624.429 16,87 16,30 16,00

Cab. Tomo 365.572 8,92 8,90 19,30

Cab. Ujungjaya 365.086 8,85 6,34 19,30

Cab. Wado 394.720 10,10 26,37 16,00



APENDIX III



A . T e ch n i c a l A n a l y s i s

1 . PDAM BAND UNG CI TY

Tables 1. PDAM Bandung City Service Condition

Service to Population The Use of Water The Use of Water

No.Amount Of

Connection

Amount ofConnection

(Unit)(person) % (M3 /month) %

(Ltrs/connection/day)

Ltrs /

person /

day

1. Domestics

House Connection 126.182 630.910 83,4% 2.367.133 625,3 125,1

Public Taps 2.090 125.400 16,6% 113.488 1.810,0 30,2

Amount of

Domestics

128.272 756.310 100,0% 2.480.621 86,4%

2. Non Domestics 13.435 389.575 13,6%

Total 141.707 756.310 2.870.196

Tables 2. Target of PDAM Bandung City Service Achievement

Service TargetNo. Description

Existing

Condition Year 2015 Year 2025

1. Level of Service 33% 75% 80%

2. Kinds of Service

SR 83% 90%

HU 17% 10%

3. The Use of Water

SR 125 150

HU 30 30

Non Domestics 13.60% 20%

4. Water Loss 47% 40%

Tables 3 Additional Capacity through Cimenteng Program

Capacity (liters/Second)No. Source

Source *) Taking

CapacityProposedProgram

1 Cisangkuy River 1.800,0 1.360,0 1.66,0

Old Pipe 1.000,0 700,0 -

New Pipe 800,0 660,0 660

IPA Cimenteng - - 1.000,0

2 Cikapundung river 200,0 180,0 800,0

IPA Badak Singa 200,0 180,0 200,0

Dago Bengkok 2.000,0 600,0

2.000,0 1.540,0 2.460,0

2 . PDA M BAN DUN G REGENCY

Tables 4. System Condition of PDAM Bandung Regency

Description Year 2004 Year 2004 Unit

Production Capacity 569,0 537,0 Liters/Second

Distribution Capacity 520,0 504,1 Liters/Second

Selling Capacity 316,9 315,0 Liters/Second

Amount of connection 46.204 49.270 Unit

Service Population 321.045 342.123 PersonWater loss 39,1% 37,5 %

Used Water 85 80 Lt/person/day

1



Tables 5. Target Sevice of PDAM Bandung Regency

Target ServiceNo. Description

ExistingCondition Year 2015 Year 2025

1. The Level of Service 7% 20% 30%

2. The use of waterDomestic (Lt/person/day) 80 90 90

Non Domestic (%) 5,0% 10% 15%

3. Water Loss 38% 35% 35%

Tables 6. Potential Water Source in Bandung Regency

Kapacity can be utilized

(Lt/Second)No. Source Program

Bandung

City

Bandung

Regency

Cimahi City

A. Surface Water 1.600 550 -

1 Cimahi River Built Sukawarna Lake 250

2 Citarum Hulu river Built Cisanti Lake 200

3 Saguling DAM 3004 Cisangkuy River Built Santosa DAm 1.400

B Springs - 280 -

1 Citiis Spring 70

2 Kinceuh Spring 115

3 Ciseupan Spring 95

Amount 1.600 830 -

Tables 7. Monthly Rate of Flow of Citarum River

Rate of Flow (Liter/second)Month

1999 2000 2001 2002

January

FebruaryMarch

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

10854

1422413755

13523

10889

8187

2591

6791

6791

6443

6639

9835

11244

147427714

11863

10638

7815

7788

1482

1982

5339

9160

13582

15961

1089822949

16337

10747

7781

2849

1563

1723

1787

1862

24016

16895

1673116553

15256

12824

10459

4933

8949

8633

7521

8338

12297

Source : PU Pengairan Cabang Ciparay (Watering Ciparay Branch), Pos Bendung Wanir, 2003

Tables 8. Average Flow of Rate Half Month of Cisangkuy river

Rate of Flow (Liter/second)Month Period

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

1-15 2617 15922 18370 19353 10305January

16-31 4788 17734 12927 16319 21831

1-15 7420 16684 12721 18162 17031February

16-28 6297 17818 10974 10960 19277

March 1-15 6611 17221 6774 17448 18733

2



Rate of Flow (Liter/second)Month Period

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

16-31 9354 18572 10699 19598 19127

1-15 17504 19435 9852 19904 17230April

16-30 16653 16208 10802 18174 15058

1-15 7563 14423 15383 14524 8218May

16-31 7000 12348 11364 8163 5409

1-15 6354 6460 5704 5068 4429June

16-30 11922 4404 5616 3933 2783

1-15 9860 3951 4643 3830 1978July

16-31 8143 3372 3304 3832 2370

1-15 6010 3170 2814 3764 1694August16-31 4516 3151 3235 3959 1856

1-15 3989 3252 3943 3893 1840September

16-30 7214 3596 4446 4043 1825

1-15 10155 5299 9178 12826 2522October

16-31 11587 8731 5484 13229 1407

1-15 18366 13842 17129 20329 1424November

16-30 12572 15739 12525 23249 1434

1-15 10066 16102 10031 12772 5493

December16-31 14898 12308 16750 7613 8783

Source : PU Pengairan Kec. Banjaran (Watering Banjaran Dustrict), Bandung Regency


Tables 9. Target Service of PDAM Sumedang Regency


Existing



2. The use of water

Domestic (Lt/person/day) 81 90 90Non Domestic (%) 5,0% 10% 15%

3. Water Loss 46% 35% 35%

Tables 10. Potential Water Sources in Sumedang Regency

Kapacity can be utilized (Lt/Second)

No. Source Program Sumedang

RegencyBandung City

A. Springs 1.179 -

1 Cinangsi Spring 275 -

2 Cipelang Spring 245 -

3 Cikandung Spring 237 -4 Cipaneunteun Spring 160 -

5 Cicaneang Spring 263 -

B. Rivers 1.500 100

3



1 Citarik River Built Citarik DAM - 100

2 Cimanuk River 1.000 -

3 Cipelang River 500 -

Amount 2.679 100

Tables 11. The Monthly Average Rate of Flow Citarik River in 2003

Month Rate of Flow (L/second)

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

1,23

2,18

1,87

1,19

1,05

0,82

0,91

1,79

3,29

5,09

1,56

1,37

Source : Dinas PSDA ,Pos Bendung Cangkuang.

Tables 12. Service Target of PDAM Subang Regency

Target ServiceNo. Description ExistingCondition Year 2015 Year 2025


2. The use of water

Domestic (Lt/person/day) 109 120 120

Non Domestic (%) 5,0% 10% 15%

3. Water Loss 60% 35% 35%


Tables 12. Service Target of PDAM Subang Regency


Existing



2. The use of water

Domestic (Lt/person/day) 109 120 120

Non Domestic (%) 5,0% 10% 15%

3. Water Loss 60% 35% 35%

4



B . D e v e lo p m e n t P r o g r a m

1 . PDAM BAND UNG CI TY

Tables 13. Tables of Providing Water Source Planning Bandung City in 2015

No Regency/City Source Kapacity(L/sec)

1 Bandung City Cikapundung river – Dago Bengkok 600

Cikapundung river – Dago Pakar 60

Cikapundung river – Siliwangi 20

Deepwell 100

Retention pool 200

2 Bandung Regency Cisangkuy river – Cimenteng *) 1.000

Citarum Upstream 400

Cisangkuy river – Sentosa irrigation 1.400

Citarum Hulu river – Cisanti lake 200

3 Sumedang Regency Citarik river – Citarik irrigation 100

4 Subang Regency Cikaruncang river – Bukit Tunggul 300

*) Reduction capacity ( - ) 700

AMOUNT 3.680

Tables 14. Production Capacity, Sold Water, and PDAM Bandung City water loss.

2005 2006 2007 % change

Onboard Capacity (Ltr/scn) 2,867 2,867 2,867 0.0%

Operated capacity (Ltr/scn) 2,580 2,580 2,580 0.0%

Onboard Capacity (%) 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%

Total Water Production (000 m3 ) 81,372 81,372 81,372 0.0%

Total water sold (000 m3 ) 34,116 34,116 14,116 0.0%

Total Water loss (000 m3 ) 3,883 3,582 3,238 0.0%

Total water loss (%) 47.0% 45.0% 43.0%

Water/Ltr/Mth Consumes (m3 ) 24 24 24 0.0%

5



Tables 15. PDAM Bandung City total extension

2005 2006 2007 % change

Social Costumer 2.38% 2,286 2,286 2,286 4.7%

Government & householdcostumer

96.79% 127,791 127,791 127,791 4.7%

Commerce costumer 0.78% 12,467 12,467 12,467 4.6%

Industrial costumer 0.04% 458 458 458 3.7%

Special costumer 0.01% 1 1 1 0.0%

Total Extension 1 0 0 .0 0 % 143,003 143,003 143,003 4 .6 %

Total employees 935 935 935

Employees Ratio - SL 8 8 8

Tables 7.16. PDAM Bandung City water sold total per costumer group (000 m3)

2005 2006 2007

Social costumer 5.35% 1,700 1,700 1,700

Household & Government costumer 80.58% 28,063 28,063 28,063

Commerce Costumer 1.08% 4,002 4,002 4,002

Industrial costumer 12.98% 159 159 159

Special costumer 0.02% 192 192 192

Total water sold 1 0 0 .0 0 % 34,116 34,116 34,116

Tables 17. PDAM Bandung City operational income (Rp 000)

2005 2006 2007 % change

Water sales 68,699,665 65,083,41 80,954,721

Non Water sales 2,984,526 2,374,635 2,710,276

Operational income 88,563,998 87,387,83 83,664,997

Tables 18. PDAM Bandung City Water Sales per Costumer’s group (Rp 000)

2005 2006 2007 %change

Social Costumer 2.86% 1,213,741 1,213,741 1,213,741 25.0%

Household &government costumer

70.05% 41,831,209 52,560,915 63,290,620 19.2%

Commerce costumer 2.36% 9,469,469 12,059,215 14,648,961 16.0%

Industrial costumer 24.69% 522,743 628,929 735,115 15.2%

Special costumer 0.04% 1,066,284 1,066,284 1,066,284 0.0%

Water sales 1 0 0 .0 0 % 54,103,446 67,529,083 80,954,721 18.2%

6



Tables 19. PDAM Bandung City Operational cost (Rp 000)

2005 2006 2007 % change

Product cost 30,213,989 31,724,688 33,310,923 5%

Electrical cost 4,097,183 4,097,183 4,097,183 0%Chemical material cost 4,529,762 4,869,494 5,234,706 7%

Maintenance cost 9,650,042 9,943,213 9,943,213 1.5%

Public and administration cost 9,077,697 9,200,160 9,675,168 3%

Receivable elimination cost 3,798,721 5,402,327 6,476,378 31%

Raw water cost 907,736 975,816 1,049,003 8%

Raw water operational cost 5,053,4000 4,634,902 4,885,060 -43%

From others PDAM purchased 0 0 0 0

Cash operational cost 67,328,531 70,847,784 74,671,634 5%

Tables 20. PDAM Bandung City receivable claim performance

2005 2006 2007

Receivable claim time length (days) 68 67 65,4

Water sales receivable 24,47% 17,50.% 17.50%

Current ratio 1,93 2 2

Tables 21. Long term payable (Rp 000) and PDAM Bandung City DSCR

2005 2006 2007

Become due Long term payable 26.478.943 27.316.390 27.316.390Long term payable 347.215.858 346.348.411 319.032.021

DSCR 2,19 0,79 1,08

Tables 22. PDAM Bandung City average fare (Rp/m3)

2005 2006 2007 % change

Average fare 2,380 2,380 2,380 -

Average cost 2,146 2,146 2,146 -

Low fare cost 1,321 1,321 1,321 -

Basic fare cost 1,491 1,491 1,491 -

Complete fare cost 3,283 3,283 3,283 -

Operational ratio 94% 96% 96% -

Tables 23. PDAM Bandung City average fare per costumer group (Rp/m3)

2005 2006 2007 % change

Social costumer 1,321 1,321 1,321 0%

Household and government costumer 1,491 1,491 1,491 0%

Commerce costumer 2,366 2,366 2,366 0%

Industrial costumer 3,283 3,283 3,283 0%

Special costumer - - - 0%

7



2 . PDA M BAN DUN G REGENCY

Tables 24. Production Capacity, Sold Water, and PDAM Bandung Regency water loss.

2005 2006 2007 %change

Onboard Capacity (Ltr/scn) 652 749 746 3.3%

Operated capacity (Ltr/scn) 583 554 568 -0.02%


Total Water Production (000 m3 ) 18.386 17.474 17.913 -0.02%

Total water sold (000 m3 ) 10.172 9.797 9.831 -0.4%

Total Water loss (000 m3 ) 8.214 7.677 8.082 0.1%

Total water loss (%) 44.7% 43.9% 45.1%

Water/Ltr/Mth Consumes (m3 ) 16 17 16 0.0%

Tables 25. PDAM Bandung Regency total extension.

2005 2006 2007 % change

Social costumer 2.38% 503 556 615 4.7%

Government costumer 96.79% 21,738 22,557 23,635 4.7%

Commerce costumer 0.78% 183 183 183 4.6%

Industry costumer 0.04% 9 10 10 3.7%


Extension total 1 0 0 .0 0 % 22,434 23,307 24,444 4 .6 %

Employees number 187 186 186

Employee ratio – SL 8 8 8

T a b le s 2 6 . To t a l w a t e r s o ld p e r c o s t u m e r g r o u p B a n d u n g r e g e n cy ’ s PD AM ( 0 0 0 m 3 )

2005 2006 2007

Social costumer 3.85% 399 373 377

Government costumer 87.23% 8.965 8.483 8.550

Commerce costumer 2.67% 272 262 262



Water sold total 1 0 0 .0 0 % 10.172 9.797 9.831

8



Tables 27. Operational Income PDAM Bandung Regency (Rp 000)

2005 2006 2007 %change

Water Sales 91.14% 27,208,224 26,373,692 27,294,115 1.4%

Non water sales 8.35% 1,275,145 3,362,381 2,825,022 27.1%

Soiled Water sales 0.51% 156,000 148,680 150,596 0.0%

OperationalIncome 100.00% 28,639,369 29,884,753 30,269,733 0.2%

Tables 28. Water sales per Bandung Regency’s costumers group (Rp 000.)

2005 2006 2007 %change

Social costumer 2.16% 643,141 575,046 612,278 -23.2%

Government

costumer

83.26% 22,530,295 22,724,997 22,052,689 -0.1%

Commercecostumer

4.39% 1,209,665 1,186,977 1,156,275 -1.9%

Industrial costumer 2.28% 1,520,015 182,542 149,832 175.5%

Special costumer 7.81% 1,305,109 1,704,130 3,323,041 63.0%

Water Sales Total 1 0 0 .0 0 % 27,208,224 26,373,692 27,294,115 1.4%%

Tables 7.29. PDAM Bandung Regency operational cost (Rp 000)

2005 2006 2007 % change

Employment cost 35.20% 9,953,384 9,446,856 9,600,856 4.5%

Electrical cost 7.95% 1,848,002 2,140,619 2,374,037 10.1%

Chemical materialcost

3.66% 945,675 988,671 986,719 -1.8%

Maintenance cost 8.98% 2,104,438 2,504,832 2,573,019 11.0%

Administration and

public cost

15.76% 3,510,974 4,230,610 4,877,735 14.5%

Receivablequalification cost

2.42% 1,227,871 193,393 494,985 158.2%

Raw water cost 1.39% 571,458 317,800 211,513 31.5%

Soiled water cost 0.33% 121,458 3,429 137,937 13.6%

Cash operationalcost

7 6 .5 6 % 19,381,260 19,826,110 21,256,837 7 .9 %

Depreciation cost 18.93% 4,922,349 4,983,383 5,204,164 5.0%

Financial cost 5.37% 1,581,577 1,421,033 1,271,551 -10.3%

Operational costtotal

1 0 0 .0 0 % 25,885,185 26,230,526 27,732,553 9 .2 %

9



Tables 30. PDAM Bandung Regency Receivable claim performance.

2005 2006 2007

Receivable claim time length (days) 85 62 66

Water sales receivable 17.2% 16.2% 15.9%

Current ratio 0.9 1.1 2.7

Tables 31. Long term payable and PDAM Bandung Regency DSCR

2005 2006 2007

Become due long term payable 3,277,712 3,315,249 4,516,570

Long term payable 19,112,222 15,796,973 12,481,725

DSCR 1.9 2.1 2.0

Tables 32. PDAM Bandung Regency average fare (Rp/m3)

2005 2006 2007 % change

Average fare 2,691 2,695 2,776 1.5%

Average cost 2,560 2,681 2,821 9.2%

Low fare cost 1,917 2,026 2,162 8.0%

Base fare cost 2,073 2,171 2,292 10.3%

Complete fare cost 2,875 3,026 3,144 5.3%

Operational ratio 105.1% 100.5% 98.4%

Tables 33. PDAM Bandung Regency average fare per costumer group (Rp/m3)

2005 2006 2007 % change

Social costumer 1,611 1,544 1,624 4.3%

Government costumer 2,513 2,679 2,579 -1.4%

Commerce costumer 4,442 4,532 4,405 1.0%

Industrial costumer 54,649 7,625 7,219 177,3%

Special costumer 2,571 2,599 5,349 19.5%


Tabel 34. Product Capacity, Sold Water, PDAM Sumedang Regency water loss

2005 2006 2007

Onboard Capacity (Lt/scn) 554,00 564,00 564,00

Operated Capacity (Lt/scn) 226,90 226,90 236,90

Total water production (000 m3 ) 6,564,895 6,506,117 6,201,283

Total water sold (000 m3 ) 5,114,899 5,136,841 4,492,164

Total water loss (000 m3 ) 1,108,107 1,369,276 1,457,331

10



Total water loss (%) 22.09% 21.05% 24.50%

Tabel 35. PDAM Sumedang Regency extension number

2005 2006 2007 %change

Extension Total 1 0 0 .0 0 % 47,769 49,270 50,022 1 .5 %

Emplyment total 238

Employment Ratio – SL 6

Tabel 36. PDAM Sumedang Regency operational income(Rp 000)

2005 2006 2007

Water sales 91.14% 6,306,141,600 6,444,902,375 11,565,691,254

Non water sales 8.35% 288,059,000 411,628,618 281,873,000

Opertional Income 100.00% 28,639,369 29,884,753 30,269,733

Tabel 37. PDAM Sumedang Regency operational cost (Rp 000)

Code Explanation 2007 2006

II COMPANY DIRECT COST

II.1 Water resource cost 925,067,252 796,875,156

II.2 Water development cost 1,393,923,055 1,001,718,387

II.3 Transmission and Distribution cost 3,815,121,531 2,743,767,644

SUB TOTAL DIRECT COST 6,134,111,838 4,542,359,187

COMPANY GROSS PROFIT (LOSS) 5,713,452,416 2,314,171,806

III COMPANY INDICRECT COST

III.1Administration and publicemployment cost 3,633,497,175 2,693,602,967

III.2 Office cost 427,353,252 321,590,379

III.3 Costumer relation cost 724,069,076 44,710,150

III.4 Research and development cost 25,934,450 20,485,400

III.5 Financial cost 506,281,980 349,597,106

III.6 Maintenance cost 472,082,674 370,934,660

III.7 Director cost 343,626,030 197,599,542

III.8 Miscellaneous cost 1,467,702,854 648,432,968

III.9 Administration depreciation cost 176,578,573 143,486,030

III.10 Amortization cost 20,059,417 26,130,500

III.11 Receivable elimination cost 27,788,520 22,584,897

SUB TOTAL INDIRECT COST 7,824,974,050 4,839,154,599

COMPANY PROFIT (LOSS)

-

2,111,521,634

-

2,524,982,793

11



Tables 38. PDAM Sumedang Regency Long term payable and DSCR

Tabel 39. Sumedang Regency’s Water average fare(Rp/m3)

2005 2006 2007

2006 2007

Becomes due long term payable 3,312,698,032 4,025,765,360

Long term payable 6,183,501,710 6,992,149,309

DSCR

% change

Sumedang Regency’s water average fare 1,232 1,254 2,574 1.5%

Tables 40. PDAM Tirta Medal Sumedang Water Fare Structure

NO COSTUMERS GROUP PROGRESSIVE FARE COUNTING

BASED ON CONSUMES CLASIFICATION

0-10 M3 11-20 M3 > 20 M3

I SOCIAL

1. PUBLIC SOCIAL 1.078 1.078 1.078

2. SPECIAL SOCIAL 1.078 1.078 1.078

II NON COMMERCE

1. HOUSEHOLD A 1.540 2.310 3.080

2. HOUSEHOLD B 1.540 2.310 3.850

3. GOVERNMENT 2.310 3.080 3.850

III COMMERCE

1. SMALL COMMERCE 3.080 3.850 3.080

2. MEDIUM COMMERCE 3.850 4.620 3.850

3. LARGE COMMERCE 4.620 5.390 4.620

IV INDUSTRIAL

1. SMALL INDUSTRY 3.850 6.160 3.850

2. MEDIUM INDUSTRY 4.620 7.700 4.620


Tables 41. Production Capacity, Sold Water, and PDAM Subang Regency water loss.

2005 2006 2007 % change

Onboard Capacity (Ltr/scn) 414 414 414 0,0%

Operated capacity (Ltr/scn) 282 280 278 4.0%


Total Water Production (000 m3 ) 8,8888 8,843 8,773 4.0%

Total water sold (000 m3 ) 5,005 5,261 5,535 5.6%

Total Water loss (000 m3 ) 3,883 3,582 3,238 1.0%

Total water loss (%) 43.7% 40.5% 36.9%

Water/Ltr/Mth consumed (m3 ) 19 19 19 0.0%

12



Tables 42. PDAM Subang Regency total extension.

2005 2006 2007 %change

Social costumer 2.38% 503 556 615 4.7%

Government costumer 96.79% 21,738 22,557 23,635 4.7%

Commerce costumer 0.78% 183 183 183 4.6%

Industry costumer 0.04% 9 10 10 3.7%


Extension total 1 0 0 .0 0 % 22,434 23,307 24,444 4 .6 %

Employees number 187 186 186

Employee ratio – SL 8 8 8

Tables 43. Total water sold per costumer group PDAM Subang Regency (000 m3

)

2005 2006 2007

Social costumer 5.35% 268 281 296

Government costumer 80.58% 4,033 4,239 4,460

Commerce costumer 1.08% 54 57 60



Water sold total 1 0 0 .0 0 % 5,005 5,261 5,535

Tables 44. Operational Income PDAM Subang Regency (Rp 000)

2005 2006 2007 % change

Water Sales 94.15% 10,060,587 12,761,372 14,268,791 18.2 %

Non water sales 5.85% 767,313 740,069 746,816 8.5%

Operationalincome

1 0 0 .0 0 % 10,827,900 13,501,441 15,015,608 16.9%

Tables 45. Water sales per Subang Regency’s costumer group (Rp 000.)

2005 2006 2007 %

change

Social costumer 2.86% 282,082 349,070 434,070 25.0%

Governmentcostumer

70.05% 6,966,146 9,044,461 9,994,390 19.2%

Commercecostumer

2.36% 247,999 313,318 307,593 16.0%

Industrialcostumer

24.69% 2,559,360 3,049,524 3,527,338 15.2%

Special costumer 0.04% 5,000 5,000 5,000 0.0%

Water SalesTotal

1 0 0 .0 0 % 10,060,587 12,761,372 14,268,791 18.2%

13



Tables 46. PDAM Subang Regency operational cost (Rp 000)

2005 2006 2007 % change

Employment cost 33.98% 3,668,494 4,460,512 5,094,144 13.5%

Electrical cost 14.11% 1,548,902 1,837,680 2,095,574 11.0%

Chemical materialcost

0.85% 144,845 73,190 94,013 22.9%

Maintenance cost 5.84% 641,507 838,253 781,145 16.8%

Administration andpublic cost

15.09% 1,487,230 2,183,549 2,231,585 24.6%

Receivablequalification cost

1.13% 122,899 185,707 127,678 156.0%

Raw water cost 5.56% 501,526 758,401 937,241 212.24%

Cash operational

cost

7 6 .5 6 % 8,115,403 10,337,292 11,361,379 1 7 .1 %

Depreciation cost 18.92% 2,003,328 2,456,195 2,922,137 13.3%

Financial cost 4.52% 561,635 551,963 622,436 3.7%

Operational costtotal

1 0 0 .0 0 % 10,680,366 13,345,450 14,905,952 1 7 .7 %

Tables 47. PDAM Subang Regency Receivable claim performance.

2005 2006 2007

Receivable claim time length (days) 72 66 67

Water sales receivable 18.3% 16.% 17.5%

Current ratio 1.4 1.1 1.0

Tables 48. Long term payable and PDAM Subang Regency DSCR

2005 2006 2007

Become due long term payable 1,524,277 2,184,388 2,941,304

Long term payable 3,030,926 2,797,778 2,564,630

DSCR 3.4 4.0 4.3

Tables 49. PDAM Subang Regency average fare (Rp/m3

)

2005 2006 2007 % change

Average fare 2,021 2,446 2,595 12.0%

Average cost 2,146 2,558 2,711 11.5%

Low fare cost 1,631 1,981 2,066 10.9%

Base fare cost 1,743 2,087 2,179 12.8%

Complete fare cost 2,499 2,962 3,128 9.9%

Operational ratio 94% 96% 96%

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Tables 50. PDAM Subang Regency average fare per costumer group (Rp/m3)

2005 2006 2007 % change

Social costumer 1,054 1,241 1,468 18.3%

Government costumer 1,727 2,134 1,141 12.8%

Commerce costumer 4,594 5,521 5,152 9.7%

Industrial costumer 3,941 4,467 4,911 9.1%

Special costumer 5,256 5,000 4,752 -5.3%

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ino pda: model for pdam collaboration for improved raw water management (final report)

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