installing a pmu for an underground power plant - naspi a pmu for an underground power plant . ......
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Installing a PMU for an Underground Power Plant March 11th, 2014d
Santiago Mesa Jaramillo, MSc
Colombian Independent System Operator
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Outlook - PMU for an Underground Power Plant • Our motivation
Reasons to install a PMU in a generation terminal Extremely Low Frequency Oscillations (ELFO) Need to monitor system dynamics
• Challenge description Generation in Colombia Distance from PMU and GPS antenna
• Solution requirements External synchronization signal Line to line voltage measurement Maximum time deviation Change management
• Summary
Motivation
Challenge
Requirements
Summary
Motivation
Challenge
Requirements
Summary
Our motivation
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Reasons to install a PMU in a generation terminal • Many theoretical reasons to do it
Simulation model validation
Capability curve validation
Measure cavitation issues
Oscillatory stability analysis
PSS tuning
Primary control adequacy
Secondary control adequacy (AGC)
PMU
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Extremely Low Frequency Oscillations – ELFO • Almost faced another black-out in 2008, after experiencing one in 2007 • No PMUs installed in Colombia before 2008 • Need to monitor system dynamics
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Guatapé Betania Tebsa FRECUENC/MEDELLIN//Frequ/
Colombian power system August 19th 2008 Length: 90 minutes Mode Freq: 0.06 Hz System Freq: 58.9–60.8 Hz
Not a mistake, it was a 0.06 Hz
mode
Under Frequency Load Shedding scheme was triggered
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Need to monitor system dynamics • Un-expected control behavior can be pinpointed using PMUs
Undesired switch from Droop control to Constant Power Control
Undesired 0.06 Hz oscillatory mode is somehow still there
SCADA is almost blind to this kind of phenomena
Power plant B trips
Power plant A MW/Hz register
Motivation
Challenge
Requirements
Summary
Challenge description
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Generation in Colombia • Over one third of the generation capacity is installed underground • PMUs should be also installed underground
Source: Isagen
PMU
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Distance from PMU and GPS antenna • In an underground facility, the maximum recommended distance between
the GPS antenna and the PMU can’t be meet straight forward
Source: wikimedia.org
GPS antenna: Surface
PMU: Cavern
In between 500 m (1084 ft)
Motivation
Challenge
Requirements
Summary
Solution requirements
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Req. 1: External synchronization signal • An external synchronization signal is required (IRIG-B, PTP or others) • We implemented an “in-house” PMU as an adaptable device to be used as
a proof of concept • Software-based processing algorithms (LabView)
Current & Voltage measurements
IRG-B electrical input
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Req. 2: Line to line voltage measurement • Even with balanced line voltages, phase voltages had an erratic behavior • Line voltage measurement avoids this phenomena • This required a modification in the software of our “in-house” PMU
Step-Up Transformer Generator
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b c
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Position 1: Uan = 4.6 kV
b c
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Position 2: Uan = 9.3 kV
Line voltages: Uab = 13.2 kV Ubc = 13.2 kV Ucd = 13.2 kV
Un-grounded system
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Source: wikimedia.org
Req. 3: Maximum time deviation • Strict requirements on time deviation and waveform quality for IRIG-B
signal transmission • Transceivers are the
mayor source of time deviation
Solution Maximum time deviation*
Minimum Angle uncertainty
Initial 15 μs 0.6°
Operational 100 ns 0.004°
Fiber optics 500 m (1084 ft)
* Per transceiver
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Req. 4: Technological Change management • Teamwork between Generation-Company (Gen-Co), hardware Vendor and
the ISO is crucial
Gen-Co – EMGESA Luis Marín, [email protected] Gonzalo Rodriguez, [email protected]
Hardware Vendor – Reason Sergio Zimath, [email protected] Eduardo Passold, [email protected]
Colombian ISO – XM Jorge Gomez, [email protected]
Colombian “EPRI” – CIDET Neil Ortiz, [email protected]
Motivation
Challenge
Requirements
Summary
Summary
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Summary - PMU for an Underground Power Plant • An external synchronization signal is required
IRIG-B PTP or Others
• Line voltage measurement avoids the erratic behavior of phase voltages when a PMU is installed in an un-grounded system.
It should be considered as a functional requirement for commercial PMUs
• Strict requirements on time deviation for the synchronization signal
• Teamwork between the Generation-Company (Gen-Co), the hardware Vendor and the ISO is crucial.
• A proof of concept is always a good choice when testing out-of-the-shelf solutions
Intelligent Supervision And Advanced Control System – iSAAC Project William Amador – Project Manager: [email protected]
Santiago Mesa – Technical leader: [email protected]