THE BIOMECHANICS OF INSTEP KICK IN SOCCER

LAB 5GROUP 2

GROUP MEMBERS:

NAME MATRIC NO.

MOHD ISYAMUDDIN BIN JUMAAT D20101039366

MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN IBRAHIM D20101039282

MOHAMMAD SHAHNUR BIN MOHD SHAH D20101039379

NUR HEIDIYATUN BINTI MOHD SALLEH D20101039387

INTRODUCTION• The instep kick technique is one of

the important aspect of a soccer player.

• Instep kicking is related to higher ball speed and less knee and hip rotation in the coronal and the transverse plane compared with other kicks. (Kellis & Katis, 2010)

• Success of an instep soccer kick also depends on various general factors such as:-– the distance of the kick from the goal, – the air resistance,– the technique of the main kick which is

best described using biomechanical analysis. (Kellis & Katis, 2010)

Ball approach

Planting one foot at the side of the ball with kicking foot

extended to the back

The swing through of the kicking foot to kick the ball with the

instep of the foot

Follow through

Instep Kick Sequence Motion In Real Subject

AIM

• This study is conducted to investigate the factors affecting the efficiency of a kick using an instep kick, that is:- - The last stride length.- The effective angle of thigh flexion and extension before kicking.- Relationship of the velocity between the body joints.

ACCURACY IN KICKINGACCURACY IN KICKING

TYPE OF KICKINGTYPE OF KICKING SPEED/FORCE

POINT OF KICKING AT THE

BALL

CENTER SIDE OF THE BALL INSTEP

KICKINSTEP

KICK

FRONT SIDE KICK

OUTSIDE KICK

VELOCITY OF THE JOINTS

VELOCITY OF THE JOINTS

ANGLE OF EXTENSION OF

THE THIGH

ANGLE OF EXTENSION OF

THE THIGH

LAST STRIDE LENGTH

LAST STRIDE LENGTH

Lees, A., Asai, T., Andersen A. B., Nunome, H., & Sterzing, T. (2010). The biomechanics of kicking in soccer: A review. Journal of Sport Sciences, 28(8):805-817.

PARAMETER CONSIDERATIONS

Angle Of Extension Of The Thigh

Last Stride Length

Foot Velocity

Ankle Velocity

Knee Velocity

Hip Velocity

Shoulder Velocity

PARAMETER CONSIDERATIONS(Con’t..)

Subject

Muhammad Ridzwan Ramli

Suhaimi bin Abd Razak

Zarulnaim Bin Mansur

Age 24 years old 22 years old 22 years old

Height 175 cm 164 cm 166 cm

Weight 70 kg 58 kg 54 kg

Position Midfielder Left Striker Defender

Level INTER-POLY player UPSI SUKSIS assistant coach

Former state school player

EQUIPMENTS• APAS SYSTEM (Ariel Performance Analysis System)

2 Sony HDV Camera

Markers

Flysheet

• Kinovea

BallBall

MarkerMarker

Soccer field

Research plan set up ( capturing)

10 meters

90°-120°

Target

subject

Camera 1

Camera 2

Kinovea’s Results

SUBJECTS (1) RIDZWAN (2) SUHAIMI (3) ZARULNAIM

ANGLE OF KNEE FLEXION 82° 118° 72°ANGLE OF THIGH EXTENSION 108° 90° 113°

ACCURACY

Table Of Results

Table 1. Angle of thigh and knee extension.

SUBJECTS (1) RIDZWAN (2) SUHAIMI (3) ZARULNAIM

Last Stride Length 133cm 122cm 135cm

Speed Of The Ball 38cm/s 30cm/s 33cm/s

Table Of Results

Table 2. Length of last stride length and ball speed.

Angle of knee flexion and thigh of extension

Last Stride Length

APAS Results

The Phases of Instep Kick

Follow Through PhaseContact Ball Phase

Approach Phase

shoulder hip knee ankle foot

Graph 1. The velocity of the joints in instep kick phases.

APAS RESULTS (Best Subject)Velocity of The shankGraph of the relationship of velocity between thigh and shank

Graph 2. The velocity relationship between the thigh and shank (Subject 3)

Velocity 5 Point of Instep Kick

Subject 2

Subject 3

Subject 1

The graphs beside showing the velocity of shoulder, hip, knee, ankle and foot.

The approach phase of Subject 3 take the shortest time compared to the others.

Besides, the follow through phase for subject 3 is the longest compared to the others.

The graphs also show that the sequence of instep kick is shoulder, hip, knee, ankle and the last is foot.

Graph 3. The velocity relationship between joints

Result of The Average Angle Velocity Among The Subjects

(cm/s)

Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3

Shoulder -0.38 -0.82 - 0.60

Hip -0.77 -0.99 - 0.40

Knee -0.84 -1.06 -0.51

Ankle -1.16 -1.19 - 0. 57

Foot -1.02 -1.02 - 0.66

Table 3. Average angle of joints velocity.

DISCUSSION• Last Stride Length- From the results shown, subject 3 made a long

last stride length (135cm) which improves the accuracy of instep kick. (Refer table 2)

- While the last stride length of the other 2 subject is in between 133cm and 120cm.

- Stoner and Ben-Sira (1981) reported that the longer last stride length among the professional player in between 1.69m – 1.59m.

- Based on the results, it is proven that the higher last stride length will increase accuracy.

• Angel Extension of the thigh

- In this research, subject 1 extended his thigh at 108 degrees, subject 2 at 90 degrees and the subject 3 at 113 degrees for their largest angle of thigh extension. (Refer Table 1)

- Subject 3 had a biggest thigh extension angle while backswing compared to subject 2 and 1.

- The higher thigh angle while backswing with higher angle of leg extension is better because it can generate more power in kicking and increase the distance of ball reach and accuracy (Linthorne & Patel, 2010). The study found that the best thigh extension angle is >100 degree.

• Angle Knee Flexion

- In this research, we found that the minimum angle of knee flexion for subject 1 is 82°, subject 2 is 118° and subject 3 is 72° degree. Subject 3 got the smaller angle compared to the subject 1 and 2 in maximum knee flexion angle. (Refer Table 2)

- The smaller the knee flexion angle will produce more force while kicking and will influence the speed of the ball (Linthorne & Patel, 2010). In this study provide that the best knee flexion angle is <100 degree.

• Velocity of the Joint

- Based on the APAS results shown, subject 3 had the fastest joint velocity except for the shoulder velocity. (Refer Table 3)

- For the summation of forces, higher velocity of joint will produce and provide higher velocity on the next joint.

CONCLUSION

• The higher the distance of last stride length in range 1.35m – 1.69m will generate more velocity as well as momentum to produce high force and power when kicking the ball (Stoner and Ben-Sira, 1981).

• This study showed that the bigger thigh extension (120° – 100°) the smaller angle of knee flexion (40° – 80°) while kicking will generate more force and power.

• This is because it can generate more power in kicking and increase the distance of ball reach and accuracy. (Linthorne & Patel, 2010).

• The fastest velocity of the segment will generate more power in the summation force theory.

INVENTION & INNOVATION (PROTOTYPE)

Adjustable ruler

mattress

Rubber band

ball

Foot patch

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• Thousands of thanks and gratitude to:

Mr. Jamili and Mr. Hakimi for the help on the apparatus and technical settings and measurements through our project

Ms Nur Aqilah bt Mokhtar, Ms Nur Amira bt Mahmood and Ms Safia bt Sulaiman for their help and guidance in conducting our project

Suhaimi bin Abd Razak, Muhammad Ridzwan bin Ramli, and Zarulnaim bin Mansur for being our subjects in this project

Beloved parents and families, as well as our friends and course mates for their understanding and help through out the project

REFERENCES

MAIN JOURNAL:

Lees, A., Asai, T., Andersen A. B., Nunome, H., & Sterzing, T. (2010). The biomechanics of kicking in soccer: A review. Journal of Sport Sciences, 28(8):805-817.

SUPPORTING JOURNAL:

Katis A. and Kellis E. (2010). Three-dimensional kinematics and ground

reaction forces during the instep and outstep soccer kicks in

pubertal players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(11):1233–

1241.

Katis A. and Kellis E. (2007). Biomechanical characteristics and

determinants of instep soccer kick. Journal of Sports Science

and Medicine, 6,154-165.

Bubannj S., Stankovic R., Joksimovic S., Bubanjl R., Kozomara G., &

Efthimiadis P. (2010). Kinematics of accurate inside of foot kick.

Kinesiologia Slovenica, 16, 1-2, 75-83.

BOOKS:

Reilly T. & Williams A.M., (2003). Science and Soccer 2nd edition.

INTERNET:

Shan, G. & Wilde B. (2012). Know-How of Maximal Instep Kick in Soccer. Retrieved on May 23, 2012,from http://www.coachesinfo.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10313%3A-know-how-of-maximal-instep- kick-in-soccer&catid=209%3Asoccer&Itemid=310

Shan G. & Zhang X. (2011). From 2D leg kinematics to 3D full-body biomechanics-the past, present and future of scientific

analysis of maximal instep kick in soccer. Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy and Technology 2011, 3:23. Retrieved on May 15, 2012, from http://www.smartjournal.com/content/3/1/23

Narvaez, M. (2012). Teaching the Instep Kick to Beginning Soccer Players. Retrieved on May 23, 2012,from

http://www.coachesinfo.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=365:instep-article&catid=101:general-articles&Itemid=188