institute's activity report 2012-2014

Munich 2015

Max Planck Insti tute for Tax Law and Public Finance

Max-Planck-Insti tut für Steuerrecht und Öff entliche Finanzen

Report 2012 – 2014

Activity RepoRt 2012 – 2014

Contents

Preface 5

Department of Business and tax Law 8 A Research in Business and tax Law 9I Who we are 9II Major Projects 22 1. Debt and Equity in Corporate and Tax Law 22 2.TheTreatmentofPartnershipsinPrivateLaw,AccountingandTaxLaw 23 3.InternationalAllocationofTaxingRightsintheAgeof“BaseErosion andProfitShifting” 25III ConferencesandLecturesSeries 28 1.LectureSeries 28 2. Conferences 29IV GuestResearchersandCo-operations 30V TaxLaw 31 1.BasicIssuesinTaxLaw 31 2.GermanandComparativeBusinessTaxation 34 3.ValueAddedTax 36 4.EuropeanTaxLaw 37 5.InternationalTaxation 44 6.ForeignTaxLaw 49VI BusinessLaw 51 1.FinancialAccounting 51 2.CapitalMarketsLaw 52 3.PartnershipLaw 55 4.CorporateLaw 55VII GeneralPrivateLaw 59 1.GeneralAspects 59 2.ContractLaw 60 3.DamageClaims,CompensationandUnjustEnrichment 61 4.CivilLawofSuccession 63 5.VariousComparativePieces 65VIII EuropeanMonetaryUnionandEuropeanBankingLaw 65

B publications, Lectures, teaching, and Awards 68I Publications 68II LecturesatConferencesorSeminars 85III EditorialServices 94IV ActivitiesandMemberships 94

V Teaching 97VI AwardsandPrizes 100VII Habilitation,Ph.D.andMaster’sTheses 101 1.HabilitationTheses 101 2.Ph.D.Theses 101 3.Master’sTheses 103

c events, conventions, and committees 104I EventsoftheDepartment 104II ParticipationatConferences,Congresses,andConventions 110III ParticipationonCommittees 119

Department of public economics 126 A Research in Public economics 127I Whoweare 128 1.Ph.D.Students 128 2.SeniorResearchFellows 136II ResearchConferencesandInternalWorkshops 140III UnderstandingTaxationandTaxCompliance 148 1.TaxCompliance 149 2.TaxIncidence 156 3.OptimalTaxation 159IV InternationalPublicFinance 163 1.TaxCompetitionandTaxHavens 163 2.InternationalPublicFinanceofClimatePolicy 167 3.SouvereignDebtandtheEurozone 172V PoliticalEconomyofDistributionandConflict 174 1.ConflictTheory 175 2.ElectoralCompetition 180 3.IntergovernmentalBargaining 181 4.PropertyRightsAllocationanditsEffectsonGrowthandDevelopment 183VI PerspectivesfortheFuture 185 B publications, Lectures, teaching, and Awards 187I Publications 187II LecturesatConferencesorSeminars 198III EditorialServices 214IV ActivitiesandMemberships 214V Teaching 217VI AwardsandPrizes 218

VII HabilitationandPh.D.Projects 219 1.HabilitationTheses 219 2. Ph.D. Theses 219 c events, conventions, and committees 220I EventsoftheDepartment 220II ParticipationatConferences,Congresses,andConventions 227III ParticipationonCommittees 233

Services 236

Administration 237

it Services 240

press and Media Relations 243

Library 245

Scientific Advisory Board 255

Board of trustees 257

4

Staff of the Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance, January 2015.

5Preface

It is with great pleasure that we present this activity report of the Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance for the period of 2012–2014. The report covers a time interval which marks the second, third and fourth year of the Insti-tute’s existence in its still young history.

In the first report of the Institute we briefly described the foundation period and the institutional transition that had to be mastered in 2010–2011. The report for 2012–2014 can document a period of development and consolidated work in which the Institute could pursue ‘busi-ness as usual’, as far as such a term is appropriate and does not pose a contra-diction in terms with what an MPI does. The MPI is an institution that, in essence, consists of young scholars who are ener-getic, very mobile, highly motivated, in-novative and well trained for their search for the yet unknown, and who are eager to encounter the challenges and excite-ments brought about by the opportunity to pursue basic research.

The Institute consists of two lively re-search units: the Department of Busi-ness and Tax Law and the Department of Public Economics. It unites legal scholars and economists within one institutional framework. Researchers from different disciplines speak different languages, have to follow different scientific tradi-

tions, and also speak to different com-munities. Young scholars have to qualify for their careers. For this purpose they have to acquire credits in a “currency” appreciated by their respective peer group. This requires them to excel with their own methods and within their own discipline. However, an interdisciplinary environment can offer a lot for them. The many topics of joint interest and dis-cussion, in particular in matters related to tax, led to fruitful interdisciplinary ex-change. This, in turn, stimulated research projects in the respective disciplines.

To further facilitate such intellectual encounters, a number of Institute-wide activities were implemented. The two departments went on a joint two-day retreat in this period, and also used the Institute facilities for regular similar events giving opportunities for mutual presentations of recent research and on-going projects. A joint lecture series and joint or combined conference activities also contributed to this interaction.

An efficient administration, chaired by Hendrik Wanger, an excellent library, well managed and maintained under the guidance of Peter Weber, and an IT Department that coped successfully with many challenges, led by Klaus Herfurt-ner, were the most valuable resources from inside the Institute which research-

Preface

6

erscoulddrawon.Moreover,ourgrati-tudegoestoourextremelyefficientandhelpfulpersonalassistantsGabriele Auer and Athina GrigoriadouaswellastoourPR-officerChrista Manta forhercarefulworkonouroutreach–website,news-letter, press coverage and (last but notleast)thisactivityreport.

Scholars also tremendously benefitedfrom interactionwithin theMaxPlanckSociety. The society provides fundingandessentialresourcesforresearch,butit also provides a close family networkof institutes, with an opportunity forinteraction across the borders of indi-vidualMax Planck Institutes. Of similarimportanceandpositiveeffectwereouracademic partnerships in the Munich

area, in particular with Ludwig-Maxi-milians-Universität in Munich (LMU),which is quintessential for the recruit-ing and the educational training of theyoung scholarswho are one of the keyresourcesof the Institute.TheScientificAdvisoryBoardof the Institute, chairedbyRobinBoadway,devotedtimeanden-ergytolookatourworkfromagenuinelyinterested perspective and to providegenerous advice. Three meetings withtheBoardofTrustees,composedofhigh-level representatives of major GermanandEuropeaninstitutions,offeredreflec-tionsonourworkandcontributedtoitspublicoutreach.

Munich,May2015

Kai A. Konrad WolfgangSchön

7Preface

Scientific Staff of the Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance gathering at the Institute’s Staff Retreat in Kreuth, Bavaria, 23–24 September 2013.

8 Department of Business and tax Law

Back row (left to right): Stepan Bykov, Martina Sunde, Erik Röder, Leopoldo Parada, Šime Jozipović, Guillaume Braidi, Stefan Kreutzer, Bernd Fluck, Angelika Meindl-Ringler, Gabriele Auer, Marta Oliveros Castelon, Alexander Hellgardt, Elizabeth Gil García, Jan Lukas Rausch, Front row (left to right): Toshiko Miyamoto, Christine Osterloh-Konrad, Dina Lijic, Laura Allevi, Wolfgang Schön, Caroline Heber, Benedikt Lucas, Vera Gentner, April 2015.

DePARtment of Business AnD tAx LAw

9Research in Business and Tax Law

This activity report describes the devel-opments in and the scientific achieve-ments of the Department of Business and Tax Law in the three years from 2012 to 2014. An introductory part provides information on the human resources of the Department. This includes brief bio-graphies of the members of the Depart-ment and an overview of their research visits during the reporting period.

The following parts report the main re-search output of the Institute in the ar-eas of taxation law, accounting and busi-ness law, and general private law. These chapters refer to the content of the work being performed by members of the De-partment, i.e. the director and the senior research fellows (post-doc fellows), jun-ior research fellows (doctoral students) as well as long-term guest researchers during the reporting period.

The report is followed by a listing of publications, presentations, committee work and other documented scientific activities and outreach. The list of pub-lications includes all books, articles and notes which were published or which were written by the director, the senior research fellows and the junior research fellows while they were employed at the Institute. Publications by guest research-ers have only been included when a sub-stantial part of the underlying work was performed during their stay at the Insti-

I Who we are

The Department of Business and Tax Law has a human resources structure which is typical for units in the human sciences section of the Max Planck Society. The Department consists of a group of junior research fellows (doctoral students), a group of senior research fellows (post-doctoral researchers, Habilitanden), the director of the Department and both short-term and long-term guests. The list of guests also includes researchers whose term at the Institute was spon-sored by third parties (German and for-eign research foundations, governmen-tal programs etc.).

The group of doctoral students includes both researchers from Germany and abroad. The majority of doctoral stu-dents is supervised by the director of the Institute (in his capacity as an hon-orary professor at Ludwig-Maximilians-

tute. Doctoral and post-doctoral theses are listed both according to when they were accepted by the respective faculty (in a separate list) and when they were published as a book (in the general list of publications). Other activities (presenta-tions, conference participations, commit-tee work) are included if they were pur-sued while the respective persons held a position at the Institute.

A ReseARch In BusIness And TAx LAW


UniversitätMünchen–LMUMunich).Asubstantial group of doctoral studentsis supervised by other professors inside and outside Germany. This leads to asound balance and coherence on theonehandandalivelyinteractionontheotherhandwithinthegroupofdoctoralstudents.Regulareventslikebrown-baglunches and reading rounds contributeto the internal academic exchange be-tween junior and senior researchers at the Institute. Doctoral students are en-couragedand (financially) supported toparticipateinnationalandinternationalconferences and to visit foreign acade-micinstitutions.

Thegroupofseniorresearchfellowscon-sistsofpost-doctoralresearchers(Habili-tanden) who have decided to build anacademic career. Currently, theDepart-menthasfilledallfiveavailablepositions

for senior research fellows. They coverabroadrangeofsubjectsandbringinahugevarietyoftopicsandmethodology,includinggeneralcivillaw,corporatelaw,capitalmarketslaw,accountinglawandtaxlaw.Threeoftheseresearchfellowsare supervised by the director of the Institute (Alexander Hellgardt, Christine Osterloh-Konrad, Erik Röder) while twoare supervised by outside institutions(Birke Häcker, Caroline Heber).

The group of guest researchers spansa wide range of countries within andoutside Europe, including both high-levelseniorresearchersof internationalreputation and junior (doctoral) stu-dents. While the majority of visitorsstaysattheInstituteforthreeweekstothree months, we also welcome guestresearchers for justa fewdaysora fullyear.

Senior research fellows (Habilitanden) of the Department in May 2015 (left to right): Alexander Hellgardt, Christine Osterloh-Konrad, Birke Häcker, Caroline Heber, Erik Röder.

11Research in Business and tax Law

Birke HäckerhasbeenaseniorresearchfellowattheInstitutesincetheendof2011.SheisafullyqualifiedGermanlawyerandalsoholdsanEnglishlawdegree(M.A.)aswellasadoctorate(D.Phil.)fromtheUniver-sityofOxford.Birkeworksmainlyonprivatelawtopics,withaspecialfocusonthecomparativeandhistoricalperspectives.In2013,sheco-editedacollectionofes-sayson“RestitutionofOverpaidTax”.BirkemaintainsstronglinkswiththeUK,wheresheisaFellowofAllSouls College, Oxford, and was recently elected anAcademicMemberoftheChanceryBarAssociation.

Caroline Heber joined the Institute in 2013. Beforethat, shewas a research fellow at theRoss ParsonsCentreoftheUniversityofSydneyandtheTaxDepart-mentoftheUniversityofGraz.SheholdsaPh.D.inLawfromtheUniversityofGrazandaMasterofTaxationfromtheUniversityofSydney.Herdoctoralthesison“TransactionsbetweenShareholdersandtheirCom-panieswithintheScopeofVAT”wasawardedseveralprizes,e.g.theDr.MariaSchaumayerPreis2013.HerresearchinterestsareonEuropeanandinternationaltaxationwithaparticularemphasisonEuropeantaxharmonisation.

Alexander Hellgardt studied Law and Philosophy atTuebingen(1st StateExam2002;B.A.2003),Hamburg(Ph.D.,2008)andHarvard(LL.M.,2009)andcomplet-ed the practical legal training inHamburg (2nd StateExam,2008).HeworkedasaresearchassociateattheMaxPlanckInstituteforComparativeandInternatio-nalPrivateLawinHamburg(2003-08).Since2009hehasbeenaseniorresearchfellowattheInstituteandLecturer-in-LawattheLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen.His research interestsareprivate lawandlegaltheory,corporatelawandsecuritiesregulation.

Caroline Heber

Birke Häcker

Alexander Hellgardt


Christine Osterloh-Konradwasalreadyaresearchas-sociateatMaxPlanckfrom2002to2004,whenshewrote her Ph.D. thesis on informational duties inprivate law. Her thesiswas awarded theOttoHahnMedalandtheLawFacultyAwardoftheLudwig-Max-imilians-Universität in Munich. After having gainedsome practical experience, she joined the Instituteagain in2008asaseniorresearchfellow.Sheworksbothinthefieldsofprivateandtaxlaw,herresearchfocussing primarily onmatters of tax avoidance, oncorporatelawandaccounting,andoninheritancelaw.

Erik Röder joinedMaxPlanck in2008asapart-timeresearchassistant.Since2011,afterpassingtheSec-ondStateExaminLaw,hehasbeenaseniorresearchfellow.BeforejoiningtheInstitute,hewasaresearchassistant at the University of Bayreuth. He holds aPh.D. in Law from theUniversity of Bayreuth and amaîtriseendroitfromtheUniversityofMontesquieu– Bordeaux IV. His doctoral thesis on the systemoflosscompensationunderGermantaxlawwasaward-ed the Albert-Hensel-Prize 2010 of the “DeutscheSteuerjuristischeGesellschaft” (German Tax LawAs-sociation). His research interests are in Private Law,Partnership and Corporate Law as well as German,Europeanandinternationaltaxlaw.

Christine Osterloh-Konrad

Erik Röder


Anastasios Andrianesis was a doctoral researcherandscholarshipholderatthe Institutefrom2010to2014.Beforethat,hestudiedLawinAthens,Greeceandholds twomasterdegrees inLawfromtheUni-versity ofAthens and from the Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätinMunich(LMU).Since2008hehasbeenan attorney-at-law in Athens. He published severallegal essays in Greek and German law journals inthefieldof companyand capitalmarkets lawandamonographaboutthedutiesoftheboardofdirectorsofapubliccompanyinthecaseofahostiletakeoverbid.Hetaughtforthreesemestersbetween2010and2013Germancivil lawattheLL.M.ProgramofLMUMunich.Healsoholdsapianodiploma.

Chiara BalbinotwasaresearchassociateattheInsti-tutefrom2012to2014.Duringthistime,shewroteherthesison“TaxNeutralityandStateAidLaw”(Ph.D.program, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)andpublished articles onnational and internationaltax law.Sheholdsadegree inLawfromtheUniver-sityof Passau (First StateExamination) and clerkedatKammergerichtBerlin(SecondStateExamination).ShefocusesonnationalandinternationaltaxlawandEuropeanStateAidLaw.

Ferdinand Blezinger joinedtheInstitutein2010asastudent assistant and became a research associate in 2013.From2007to2013hestudiedLawatLudwigs-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, specialising incorporatelaw,capitalmarketslawandinsolvencylaw.In2014heintermittedhisresearchprojectattheIn-stitutetopursuestudiesforanLL.M.attheUniversityofCambridge.Hisresearchinterestslieinthefieldofcorporatelawandthelawofpartnerships.

Chiara Balbinot

Ferdinand Blezinger

Anastasios Andrianesis


Sara Dietz studied Law and International Relationsat Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität inMunich and atOxford University. She is a scholar of theMaximili-aneumFoundationandreceivedtheAlumniPrizeforoutstandingachievementsinEuropeanUnionlawandpublic international law in 2009. After practical in-sightsthroughherworkattheEuropeanCentralBank,shejoinedtheMaxPlanckInstituteattheendof2014andwritesherdoctoralthesisontheindependenceoftheECBandjudicialcontrol.

Andreas EggertwasaresearchassociateattheInsti-tutefrom2011to2013.Currently,heworksasalawyeratthetaxpracticegroupofHoganLovellsInternationalLLPinMunich.Headvisescompaniesinallareasoftaxlaw.Themainfocusofhisworkliesonthetaxstructur-ingoftransactions,therepresentationofclientsintaxproceedingsaswellas theadviceontaxcomplianceissues.Heregularlypublishesintaxjournals.

Mauritz von Einem was a research associate at the In-stitutefrom2011to2013.Before,hestudiedLawandBusiness Administration in Goettingen and Geneva.HewriteshisPh.D.thesison“IPMigration–TaxationofIPHoldingCompanies”.

Andreas Eggert

Mauritz von Einem


Kilian EßweinstudiedLawinRegensburgandSheffield,UK and specialised in company law and bankruptcylaw. His doctoral thesis entitled “PrivatautonomeGestaltungderVorstandshaftung” focusedonthe li-abilityofdirectorsofstockcorporations(Aktiengesell-schaften)underGermanstockcorporationlaw(AktG).HecompletedhisPh.D.attheInstitutein2014andiscurrentlyworkingforalawfirminMunich.

Deborah FriesjoinedtheInstitutein2014afterhavingfinishedherlegaltraininginMunich.SheholdsaMas-ter in International Law from the Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas.Herresearchfocusesonnationalandinternationalinsolvencyandtaxlaw.

Andreas GertenwasaresearchassociateattheInsti-tutefrom2007to2012.HeholdsaPh.D.inLawfromthe University of Cologne and aMaster in Interna-tionalTaxationfromNewYorkUniversity.Hisresearchinterestsareonrelatedpartytransactionswithapar-ticularemphasisontransferpricingandEuropeantaxharmonisation.

Mirja Hennigs was a Ph.D. scholarship holder at theInstitutefrom2011to2013.SheworkedfortheFed-eral Financial Supervisory Authority, Bavarian fiscalauthoritiesandtheBavarianMinistryofFinance.Cur-rently,sheisaguestoftheInstituteandemployedattheBavarianCourt ofAuditors. Shepassedher Firstand Second German State Examination in Laws andholdsaMasterofEuropeanLawfromtheUniversitiesof Bielefeld and Nottingham. Her research interestsare on the effects of European Fundamental Free-doms,particularlywithregardtotaxadministration.

Deborah Fries

Andreas Gerten

Mirja Hennigs

Kilian Eßwein

16 Department of Business and Tax Law

Yasmin Holm joined the Institute in 2012. Prior to that, she passed the second legal state exam in Munich and worked part-time in a law firm. She pursued her le-gal education at the Julius Maximilians-Universität in Würzburg and at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich. Her fields of interest are German and inter-national tax law, in particular double taxation treaties and the taxation of business profits. She also studied history, with a focus on medieval (tax) history, at LMU Munich.

Šime Jozipović joined the Institute in 2011 on a Ph.D. research scholarship. He holds a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Split and an LL.M. degree from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich. He has conducted research in the field of tax law, Euro-pean law, constitutional law and insolvency law. He is currently working on his Ph.D. thesis on the influence of EU state aid law on international tax law.

Leif Klinkert joined the Institute in 2010 as a research associate. Before, he finished his legal studies at Lud-wig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich. His doctoral thesis discusses problems of statutory limitations on distributions under the German HGB (Handelsgesetz-buch). For the purpose of a comparative study on the Californian systems he spent a term as a visiting scholar at the University of Berkeley, California. In 2013 he started his legal traineeship at the District of Dusseldorf and will finish it by mid-2015.

Stefan Kreutzer joined the Institute in 2014. He com-pleted his legal studies at Ludwig-Maximilians-Univer-sität in Munich in 2014. During his studies he worked as a student assistant for the law firm Reed Smith LLP in Munich, mainly in the area of litigation. Currently his research is focused on a comparative study on non-recognition rules in the context of contributions and distributions in partnerships for income tax pur-poses.

Leif Klinkert

Stefan Kreutzer

Yasmin Holm

Šime Jozipović


Dina Lijic studied Law at theUniversity of Split andEconomicsattheBusinessSchool‘Minerva’.Shespe-cialised in tax lawandachievedherMastersof Lawdegree in 2014 by defending her thesis “Certain Is-suesinCroatianInternationalTaxLawandDoubleTaxConventions”.SheisresearcherattheInstititutesinceNovember2014andfocusesoncomparativebusinesstaxation.CurrentlyshestudiesintheCertificatepro-gramoftheLMUMunich.

Angelika Meindl-Ringler joinedthe Institute in2011.SheinterruptedherstayattheInstitutein2012–2013toobtainher LL.M.atColumbia LawSchool inNewYork.Afterherreturn,shecontinuedworkingonherPh.D.thesison“BeneficialOwnershipinDoubleTaxa-tionConventions”.Sincethen,shehasalsovisitedtheRossParsonsCentreattheUniversityofSydneyandtheCentreforBusinessTaxationattheUniversityofOxford,whereshedidresearchontheAustralianandUnitedKingdomaspects of her thesis.Hermain re-searchfocusisoninternationaltaxlaw.

Bianca Mostacatto has been writing her Ph.D. the-sis at the Institute sinceDecember 2011. She holdsanLL.M.inCorporateLawfromNewYorkUniversity(2010) and a master degree in Law and EconomicsfromUniversitätHamburg(2011).Beforeleavingherhomecountry,Brazil,in2009,shehadbeenapractic-ing lawyerforover6years inbusiness-relatedfieldsandworkedinparallelforseveralyearsasanassistantprofessorandlecturerataprivateuniversityinRiodeJaneiro.

Angelika Meindl-Ringler

Bianca Mostacatto

Dina Lijic


Marta Oliveros Castelon iscompletingherPh.D.thesison“InternationalTaxationofIncomefromEnterpriseServices” under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c.WolfgangSchönandProf.LuísEduardoSchoueri,Ph.D.ShehasbeenaresearchassociateattheInstitutesince2010.Currently,shealsoholdsateachingpositionattheLawFacultyofLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätinMunich.Hermainfields of interest are tax law, lawandeconomics,andconstitutionallaw.Beforebecom-ingaresearcherinGermany,MartaactedasalawyerinthecityofSãoPaulo,Brazil.ShegraduatedfromtheUniversityofSãoPaulo(2008)andsheholdsaMasterofLaws’degreefromLMUMunich(2010).

Leopoldo Parada joinedtheInstitutein2013.Before,hewasresearchassistantattheUniversityofFloridaLevinCollegeofLawandpracticedastaxattorneyandcounsellor on U.S. international tax matters in theUnitedStates,BrazilandColombia.Previously,healsopracticedastaxattorneyinChile.HeholdsaMasterofLaws(LL.M.)inInternationalTaxationfromtheUni-versityofFloridaLevinCollegeofLawandheisaPh.D.inLawCandidatefromUniversidaddeValencia,Spain.Hisresearchinterestsareoninternationaltaxation.

Thomas Poschenrieder joined the Institute in 2012.Before that,hewasa researchassociate toProf.Dr.Hans-GeorgHermannatLudwig-Maximilians-Univer-sitätinMunich.Hisresearchinterestsareonprivatelaw, company law and commercial law on the onehandandontheoryandmethodologyof lawontheother.Inbothfieldsofinteresthecarriesoutcompar-ativestudiesofEnglishlaw.HealsoholdsaMasterinPhilosophyandClassicalPhilologyandhaspublishedonThucydides’PhilosophyofHistory.

Leopoldo Parada

Marta Oliveros Castelon

Thomas Poschenrieder


Philipp Redeker worked at the Institute from April2004toMay2012.HisdoctoralthesisonanissueofcontractlawwasawardedthePh.D.ThesisAwardoftheMunichUniversity Society and the2012 FacultyPrize of the Law Faculty of Ludwig-Maximilians-Uni-versitätinMunich.TheemphasisofhisresearchattheInstitutewasonprivatelawaswellasthetaxationofhybridcapitalinanationalandinternationalcontext.AfterleavingtheInstitute,hejoinedaninternationallawfirmwhereheiscurrentlyworkinginthetaxde-partment.

Susanne Risch studied Law in Munich and Lausanne. ShewasaresearchassociateattheMaxPlanckInsti-tutefrom2010to2013andwroteherdissertationonthe “UNIDROITConventionon SubstantiveRules forIntermediated Securities”. Her fields of interest arecorporatelawandequitycapitalmarketlaw.

Amelie Singer joined the Institute in 2012 after fin-ishing her law degree at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität inMunich.Her research interestsareoninternationalprivatelawandtheCommonEuropeanSalesLaw.

Susanne Risch

Amelie Singer

Philipp Redeker


Christian SternbergjoinedMaxPlanckin2013.Beforethat,hewasaresearchfellowattheInstituteforTaxLaw of the University ofMünster and the German-DutchResearchCentreforCross-BorderTaxation.HeisaPh.D.studentinLawattheUniversityofMünsterandaPh.D.studentinEconomicsattheUniversityofErlangen-Nuremberg. His research interests in eco-nomicsareonthetaxationofmultinationalenterpris-esandinlawonEuropeanandinternationaltaxationandinternationallaw.

Martina Sunde joinedMaxPlanck in2012asadoc-toral student. Before, she worked for several yearsaslawyerandtaxconsultantinbusinesslawfirmsinSwitzerlandandGermany.Inherresearchsheanaly-ses the interactions of international Law, EuropeanlawandthenationallawofGermanyandSwitzerlandinthefieldoftaxation.

Christine Watzinger (née Komisarczyk), was a re-searchassociateat the Institute from2012to2014.Sheworkedonherdoctoralthesis“RechtlicheProb-lemederAusgestaltungvonZahlungssystemeninderEuropäischenWirtschafts-undWährungsunion.EineAnalysevonTARGET2”(“LegalAspectsoftheDesignof Payment Systems in the EuropeanMonetaryUn-ion”)attheUniversityofPassau.PriortojoiningtheInstitute, she completed her Second State Examina-tion in Munich/Passau and studied Law (First StateExamination)attheUniversityofPassau.

Christine Watzinger

Martina Sunde

Christian Sternberg


ResearchVisits

Ferdinand Blezinger CambridgeUniversity,UK,LL.M.-Program,October2014–June2015

Birke Häcker MaxPlanckInstituteforCompara-tiveandInternationalPrivateLaw,Hamburg,ResearchVisits,JanuaryandMay2012;May2014 OxfordUniversity(UK),ResearchVisits,February,March,June2012;March,October,December2013;February,March,May,June,Octo-ber,December2014

Alexander Hellgardt OxfordUniversity,UK,AcademicVisitorProgram,April–May2012

Leif Klinkert Heinrich-Heine-UniversitätDüssel-dorf,ResearchVisit,June– September2012

Angelika Meindl-Ringler ColumbiaLawSchool,NewYork,USA,LL.M.-Program,August2012–June2013 UniversityofSydney,Australia,ResearchVisit,January–February2014 OxfordUniversity,UK,ResearchVisit,May–June2014

Marta Oliveros Castelon UniversityofSãoPaulo,Brazil, ResearchVisit,December2011– January2012 UniversityofSãoPaulo,Brazil, ResearchVisit,September– October2013

Philipp Redeker EuropeanCommission,Brussels,Belgium,Internship,January–March2012

Erik Röder HarvardUniversity,USA,andLevinCollege,UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,USA,ResearchVisit,September–November2014

Wolfgang Schön OxfordUniversity,UK,InternationalResearchFellowship,March2013 ColumbiaLawSchool,NewYork,USA,Short-TermScholarship, September2014

Christine Watzinger HarvardUniversity,USA,ResearchVisit,February–March2014


ii major Projects

In the reporting period 2012 – 2014, asignificant number ofmajor andminorprojects were brought to a success-ful conclusion, while others were sig-nificantlyadvanced.Besidesallongoingresearchprojects, the InstitutehasalsoengagedinnewprojectswhichhighlighttheDepartment’sfutureresearchfocus.The following research activities of theInstitute deserve a particular mentionup-front:

TheDebt-EquityDistinctioninTaxandCorporate Law

The Treatment of Partnerships in Pri-vateLaw,AccountingandTaxLaw

TheInitiativeoftheOECDconcerning“BaseErosionandProfitShifting”

1. Debt and equity in Corporate and tax Law

One major project of the Departmentpertaining to debt and equity in com-pany and tax law was completed in2012/2013;themajorbulkoftheunder-lying research was already undertakenduring thepreviousperiodof reporting(cf. Research Report 2010–2011, p. 17ff.). This project analyses the dividingline between capital provided by theownersofabusinessandcapitalprovid-ed for business purposes by its creditors fromalegalandeconomicpointofview.ThescopeofthismajorresearchworkisnotlimitedtoGermanlawandpractice;it also includes a comparison with theframeworkoffinancingundercorporateandtaxlawinotherstates,suchasAus-tria, Brazil, France,Greece, theNether-lands,Switzerland,UnitedKingdomandtheU.S.Thesecountryreportsarecom-plementedwithreportsoninternationalpracticeonwithholdingtaxes,legislativerestrictionsonintra-groupfinancinganddoubletaxationinthelightoftheOECDModelConvention.

Theoutcomeofthisworkwaspresentedin a voluminous collection (Schön (ed.),Eigenkapital und Fremdkapital: Steuer-recht – Gesellschaftsrecht – Rechtsver-gleich – Rechtspolitik, MPI Studies inTax Law and Public Finance 3, Spring-erScience, 2013). For the internationalaudience,themajorfindingsweresum-marised in a concise fashion in two ar-ticles (for the short version see:Schön, The Distinct Equity of the Debt-EquityDistinction,66Bulletin for InternationalTaxation(2012)490andforthelongver-sion see: Schönetal.,DebtandEquityin

WolfgangSchön(ed.)

eigenkapital und Fremdkapital

Steuerrecht–Gesell-schaftsrecht–Rechts-

vergleich

Springer876p.


DomesticandInternationalTaxLaw,Brit-ish Tax Review(2014)146).

In thesepublications, theauthorsshowthat the borderline between debt andequityisnotonlydifferentwithregardtocorporate lawon theonehandand taxlawon the other hand. They reach theconclusion that within the frameworkoftaxlawitmakesadifferencewhethera financial instrument is characterisedas debt or equity in the context of indi-vidualincometaxation(co-ownershipofbusiness vs. loan relationship), corpo-rate income taxation (shares vs. corpo-rate bonds) and international taxation(cross-border interest vs. cross-borderdividends). Against this background,the widely acknowledged “debt bias”oftaxationlawhastoberegardedasanoversimplificationoftheunderlyingeco-nomic and legal rationale for the debt-equity-distinctionintherespectivefieldsofapplication.

2. the treatment of Partnerships in private Law, Accounting and tax Law

A“follow-up”projecttotheafore-men-tionedworkondebtandequityisanewmulti-yearprojectoftheDepartmentonthe treatment of civil and commercialpartnershipsunderprivatelaw,account-inglawandtaxlawrespectively.Aswithotherpreviousprojects(e.g.onthelink-age between commercial accountingandtaxaccountingorontheinteractionbetweentaxandcorporategovernance)the Department intends to employ itsexpertisebothintheareaofprivatelaw

andoftax lawtopresentnovel insightsand legislative proposals. Currently,thereareseveralsub-topicswhichhavebeen addressed and are further pursued within the Department:

Atthelevelofcivilandcommerciallaw,the Department has produced two major studiesonthelegislativeframeworkanddevelopmentofpartnership law fromacomparativeandpolicyperspective.Bothstudies were authored by Erik Röder. In his first paper, he examines the historyof the “limited partnership” as a legalform for medium-sized and even largebusinessfirmsoverthecourseofthe20th century.While this legal formhasbeensuccessful in Germany to this day, inotherEuropeancountriesandtheUnitedStates ithasbeen far lessattractive forbusiness founders. Until Röder’s work,the major view was that the dominant role of the limited partnership in Ger-many is due to either tax reasons or the

British Tax Review (BTR) 59/2014, No. 2, including the article “Debt and Equity in Domestic and International Tax Law - A Comparative Policy Analysis”.


strictdisclosurerequirementsforprivatelimitedcompanies.ButRöder shows that Germany is (virtually) the only countrywhichallowsthelimitedpartners(Kom-manditisten)toparticipateactivelyinthemanagementofthepartnershipwithoutbeing subject to full and unlimited li-ability for the partnership’s obligations.Thisuniquecombinationofcontrolandlimited liability has made the Germanlimited partnership a multi-use deviceforclosely-heldbusinessorganisations.

ingjurisprudenceoftheFederalCourtinKarlsruhewhichrecognisedthefulllegalcapacityof thepartnership in2001butwhichwasnotabletointroducethenec-essary safeguards like a public registerortailor-madeliabilityrules.Againstthisbackground,Röder puts forwarda two-tiered legislative proposal which offerson the one hand a fully-registered anddisclosed variant of a civil partnership,whichisentirelycapableofactinglegally,andontheotherhandanon-registeredformwhich rolls back onto the originalunderstanding of the partnership asa contract binding upon the partnerswithout any specific rules on separate“ownership” of partnership assets. Thelong-standing “Germanic” concept ofGesamthand would be abandoned un-derthesenewrules.

Atthelevelofaccountinglaw,anongoingdissertationisfocusedontheallocationof partnership income to the partners (Blezinger). The starting point for thisprojectliesinthefactthattheallocationrulesunderthecivilcodeandunderthecommercial codeare completelyoutofsyncwiththebusinessmodelforamod-ern partnership and its requirements. Againstthisbackground,thedissertationismeant toproposenew legal rulesonprofit allocation based on comparativework andon a detailed analysis of cur-rent practice as found in partnershipagreements for different real life typesof partnerships (law firms, commercialentities,investmentvehiclesetc.).

At the levelof tax law, theDepartmentwas invited by the U.S. Congress (JointCommittee on Taxation) to contribute

Röder, Erik. Die Kommanditgesellschaft im Rechtsvergleich: Hintergründe der unterschiedlichen Karriere einer Rechts-form. RabelsZ 78/2014, No. 1, 109-154.

InasecondarticleRöderscrutinisesthecurrently less-than-satisfying regime ofcivil law partnerships in Germany. Thisis the battlefield of an unresolved con-flictbetween the traditional conceptofthe partnership as a personal contractbetween the partners, accompanied by joint ownership in the assets devoted to the common purpose, and the emerg-


tinationalshavetopaytheir“fairshare”andtheymustnotshifttheirprofitsintolowtaxjurisdictions.Ontheotherhand,countriesstillengageintaxcompetitionstreamliningtheirnationaltaxlawstoat-tract business.

ThestartoftheOECD’sprojecton“BaseErosion and Profit Shifting” in Winter2012/13 enabled the Department toexploititsresourcesandinparticularitsprevious work on international alloca-tionoftaxingrightsandoninternationaltransfer pricing for multinational com-panies to engage closely in the globaldebate. Moreover, the Institute’s inter-disciplinary focus on tax competitioncametotheforeasstrategictaxplanningby multinational enterprises is largelymadepossiblebycompetitivestrategiesofcountriestryingtoattractinboundin-vestment by employing preferential taxregimes.

In this context, the Institute organisedand co-organised several internationaland interdisciplinary conferences andwill continue todo so. Thefirst confer-enceentitled“TaxingMultinationals:theInternationalAllocationoftheTaxBase”was held in Oxford inMarch 2013 and

to a comparative study on transparenttaxation in major industrialised coun-tries which was meant to form a basis forpartnershiptaxreformintheUnitedStates.Thishas resulted ina report co-authored by Christine Osterloh-Konrad and Wolfgang Schön on partnership taxationinGermany.Thisreportfedintoa legislative proposal discussed in theU.S.Congressin2014.Inthiscontext,anongoing dissertation (Kreutzer) engagesinthetaxconsequencesofthereorgani-sationofpartnerships, inparticular, theaccession of new partners, the exit of partners, the merger and demerger ofpartnerships and similar events in thelifecycleofapartnership.WhileGermantaxlawcontainsveryspecificprovisionsontheseissues,theoverarchingconceptisstillunclearfromapolicyperspective(in particular the fact that some reor-ganisations are only possible tax-free iftheyconcern theenterpriseasawholewhile others can be executed withouttaxationofunrealisedprofitswithregardtosingleassetsaswell).Builtonexten-sivecomparativework(inparticularwithU.S. law), the dissertation is meant toproposeanewframeworkforthisarea.

3. international Allocation of taxing Rights in the Age of “Base erosion and profit Shifting”

The most “topical” research project ofthe Department in the area of interna-tional taxation concerns the questionon how multinational enterprises can,andshould,betaxed.Thisquestionhashigh priority on states’ agenda sincepoliticiansandNGOsdemandthatmul-

Christine Osterloh-Konrad


wasjointlyorganisedbytheInstituteandtheOxfordUniversityCentreforBusinessTaxation. On this occasion, Wolfgang SchönlaidoutthebasicchallengesoftheBEPSproject,inparticularwithregardtothedividinglinebetweenamajorshiftoftaxing rights between source countriesand residence countries on the one hand andatargetedresponseto“aggressive”behaviour on the other hand. Furtherconclusions could be presented in thefollowing weeks at conferences organ-ised by the University of Luxembourg,theFederalMinistryofFinanceinBerlinandtheConfederationofSwedishEnter-prise in Stockholm. A specific highlightin this context was the opportunity to briefFederalChancellorMerkel on these topicsintherun-uptotheG8SummitinLoughErneinJune2013.

These matters were also addressed inresearch work undertaken by a visitingprofessor (Ault) looking at keypressure

points thatare involved incorporationsreducingtheirtaxrate.Theauthorhigh-lightedtwofacts:First,theobserver’sat-tentionisdrawntotheshiftoftheOECD’spolicyaim.InthepasttheOECDhascon-centratedondevelopingsolutionstotheproblemofdoubletaxation.Butnow,theOECDismainlyconcentratingondoublenon-taxation,andthus,werunbackintoissuesofpotentialdoubletaxation.Sec-ond,theauthorquestionswhetherBEPSproblemscanbesolvedwithoutgettinginto the more fundamental questionsof theappropriateallocationof the taxbase between residence country and source country.

One of the most intricate problem ofinternational profit shifting is relatedto contractual risk allocation betweendifferent parts of a corporate group.Major examples include “captive insur-ance” companies, the restructuring offully-fledgeddistributorsintomerecom-missionairesandtheworkofresearch&development units or production unitsonarisk-freecost-plusbasis.BothOECDandmajorcountriesregardtheseformsof risk-shifting to constitute a majorsource of detrimental profit shifting.From a principled point of view, this issurprising, given the fact that “risk” isaninherentlysymmetricconceptsothatcountries should be indifferent to thedegreeof“riskiness”towhichlocalbusi-ness is exposed. This gave rise tomoreresearchdoneattheDepartmenton“in-ternational taxation of risk” which wasalso informed by the work performedbytheDepartmentofPublicEconomicsontaxationandrisk-taking.Itturnedoutthatthreefactorsdriveacountry’sinter-

Michael Devereux from the Oxford Uni-versity Centre for Business Taxation opens the Conference “Taxing Multina-tionals: the international Allocation of the Tax Base” in Oxford, March 2013.


esttopullriskyactivitiestoitsterritory:deficienttaxrulesonlosscompensation,the existence of “risk premiums”, andthe problem of “hidden intangibles”,meaning cases where intangible valuehas been created before the “shifting”ofassetsoropportunities iseffectedsothat the actual “risk” accompanied bythese assets is smaller than reflectedin the books. This workwas presentedby Schön on different occasions bothinEuropeand in theUnitedStatesandCanada.

The second conference hosted by the Institute in January 2014, co-organisedby Hugh Ault(BostonCollege)andSteve Shay(HarvardLawSchool)andco-spon-sored by the Harvard Fund for Tax and Fiscal Research,turnedtothefirstdraftsandfurthermaterialsproducedbyOECDin the area of “Base Erosion and ProfitShifting”. During this conference, thespeakers discussed the current systemofinternationaltaxationandtheactionsproposed by the OECD, and identifiedpossible challenges, problems, but alsosolutionsforaninternationaltaxsystemwhich is fit for the21st century.Oneofthe major areas of concern lies in theunder-reflectedassumptionoftheBEPSproject that allocation of taxable profithastofollowthe“creationofvalue”andits location. Given the fact that “valuecreation” is not a concept used in theformation of the current internationaltaxsystemasframedbytheOECDModelConvention and many other unilateraland bilateral tax provisions, it deservesfurtherscrutinytowhatextenttheBEPSproject is built on reliable conceptualground.

This refers to a further longterm pro-ject which was embarked upon duringthe reporting period. In a joint effort,researchers fromOxfordUniversity (Mi-chael Devereux, John Vella),UniversityofCalifornia at Berkeley (Alan Auerbach),Columbia University (Michael Graetz),the International Monetary Fund (Mi-chael Keen)andtheMaxPlanckInstitute(Wolfgang Schön) together with therepresentativeofagloballawfirm(Paul Oosterhuis) are trying to analyse thedeficiencies of the current system fromfirstprinciplesandtocomeupwithava-rietyofproposalstoremedytheexistinginefficiencies.So far thisgrouphasmetseveral times in Oxford, New York andWashingtontoexchangeanddiscusspre-liminarypaperswhichmightresultinanoverarchingpublicationinthelongrun.

Besidesthetaxlawcontext,theDepart-ment strongly engages in research inthe field of company law, financial ac-countingand the lawrelating tocapitalmarkets. The Department also placesa strong emphasis on special issues in

Conference on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, 24–25 January 2014.


privatelaw.Thisallowsbringingtogetherresearchers from different fields of thelaw. As a result, the Department’s re-searchprojectsprovideacompletepic-turebycoveringvariousfieldsinthelaw.

iii Conferences and Lectures series

MembersoftheDepartmentfrequentlyspeak at conferences, both on nationaland international level.Besides thisen-gagement,theInstituteitselforganisedanumberofsucheventsduringthereportperiod.

1. Lecture series

BothDepartments of the Institute con-tributeonaregularbasistothejointlec-tureserieswhichwasestablishedmanyyears ago. TheDepartment of Businessand Tax Law has decided to devote every otheryearalimitednumberof lectures

to a common topic with the prospect of assembling thepresentations inabookpublished under the auspices of theInstitute’sbookseries. In2012, theDe-partmentdedicatedthislectureseriestolongterm developments of German taxlaw.Thisseriesprovidedaforumspecifi-cally for“youngandrisingstars”of theGermanandAustriantaxlawcommunity(Marc Desens, Michael Droege, Roland Ismer, Andreas Musil, and Tina Ehrke-Rabel)toelaboratetheirindividualviewson how the future landscape of taxa-tionwould look like. The presentationscoveredgeneral issuesoftax legislationaswellasspecificconflictsbetweenna-tional tax lawand the lawof theEuro-peanUnionontheonehandandconsti-tutionallawontheotherhand.Besidesthis, the taxation of certain sectors oftheeconomywasdiscussedintheselec-tures.

TheInstitutehostedasimilardedicatedlectures series on the fundamentals ofEuropeantaxlawin2014.Theaimofthislectureserieswastohighlighttheinflu-ence of primary and secondary Unionlawonmemberstates’nationaltaxlaw.Speakers included Georg Kofler, Hanno Kube, Juliane Kokott, Michael Lang, Al-exander Rust, and Wolfgang Schön. In theirpresentations,thescholarspointedout possible future developments, andtheyprovideda challengingand criticalperspective on European tax law. Thetopicsdiscussedrangedfromcurrentis-suesinEuropeantaxlaw–e.g.theCJEUjurisprudence on final losses – to theinfluences of fundamental principles ofEuropeanUnionlawontaxlegislation.

Juliane Kokott and Wolfgang

Schön, July 2013.


2. Conferences

In thecontextofBEPS, theDepartmenthas organised several conference incooperation with other academic insti-tutions which were mentioned underchapter II. But there ismore to report.TogetherwiththeInternationalNetworkforTaxResearchandtheGermanbranchof the International Fiscal Association,

In September 2013, several membersof the Ross Parsons Centre of the Uni-versity of SydneytravelledtoMunichtotakepart in theMunich-SydneyConfer-encejointlyorganisedbytheMaxPlanckInstitute and the University of Sydney.This interdisciplinary conference whichconvenedboth lawyers and economistsfromresearchinstitutionsinMunichandSydney provided magnificent opportu-

Munich-Sydney-Confe-rence on the Law and Economics of Taxation, September 2013.

theDepartmentorganisedajointconfer-ence on “Intangibles and Transfer Pric-ing” in July 2012. The starting point ofthisconferencewastheongoingworkofOECDontheTransferPricingGuidelinesforMultinational Enterpriseswhere thetaxation of intangibles raised an exten-sivedebatenotonlyamongpractitionersbutalso inacademiaand– lastbutnotleast–inpoliticalcircles.Intangiblesarehard to conceptualise and even hardertomeasure.Theyareoftenusedbymul-tinationals to shift their taxable profitsfromahightax jurisdictiontoa lowtaxjurisdiction or even a tax haven. Thisinterdisciplinary conference aimed atidentifyingtheproblemsassociatedwithtaxing intangibles, analysing the OECDproject,andprovidingpossiblewaysforthe future.

nitytodiscussmajormattersofnationaland international business taxation. Theconference also strengthened the coop-erationbetweentheRossParsonsCentreandtheMaxPlanckInstitute.

Someyearsago,theInstituteestablishedaforumforjuniorscholarsatthepost-doclevelinthefieldoftaxlaw.InNovember2013ithosteditssecondpostdoctoralEu-ropean tax conference. This conference gave several junior scholars the oppor-tunitytopresentpiecesoftheirongoingresearchwork, get feedback fromotheryoungscholars,andestablishanetworkamongtheyounggenerationofEuropeantaxlawscholars.


iV Guest Researchers and co-operations

The Institutewasdelighted towelcomehigh-profilevisitingscholarsfromallovertheworldin2012,2013,and2014.Overthis time period, the Institute attractedguest researchers and scholarshiphold-ers from the Asia-Pacific region (e.g.Australia, China, Japan, South Korea,Taiwan), theMiddle East (Turkey, Iran),SouthAmerica (Brazil, Chile,Colombia),North America (the U.S.), Africa (SouthAfrica,Kenya),Europe(e.g.Austria,Bel-gium, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Norway,Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, UK), andRussia.

Overthelastyears,theRossParsonsCen-treof theUniversity of Sydney and the

Max Planck Institute have establishedastrongrelationshipwhich isbuiltonasimilar interdisciplinary institutional lay-out and researchagenda (including lawandeconomicsand–inlaw–bothcom-mercial,corporateandtaxlaw).Thus,in2014 the Max Planck Institute enteredinto a formal substantive co-operationagreementwiththeUniversityofSydney.This agreement provides researchers ofboth institutionswithaneasyaccess toresearchfacilitiesoftheotherinstitution.The Institute is proud tohave strength-ened its academic links alsowith othermajorforeignresearchinstitutions.

Guest researchers currently at the Department include (left to right): Toshiko Miyamoto (Japan), Guillaume Braidi (Switzerland), Laura Allevi (Italy), Stepan Bykov (Russia), Elizabeth Gil García (Spain).


V tax Law

1. Basic issues in tax Law

TheInstituteisengagedinresearchworkonmajorandfundamentalquestionsoftax law in general. These include con-ceptualmatters,theconstitutionalback-ground, the lawof theEuropeanUnionandtheinternationalframework.Schol-arsoftheInstituteproposefar-reachingreformsaddressingexistingissuesintaxlaw.

a) tax Law and Public economics

Inakeynotelecturepreparedforahigh-levelsymposiumhostedattheUniversityof Heidelberg in 2013,Wolfgang Schön embarked on a venture to lay out pos-sible inroads forfindingsof optimal taxtheory into the design and applicationof tax legislation. Some of the majorfindingsofoptimaltaxtheory–thenon-observability of individual preferencesandabilities,thepitfallsofmajorityvot-ing and the problem of defining a use-ful socialwelfare function– leddirectlyto constitutional issues, e.g. when theprinciple of democracy, the principleof equal treatment of taxpayers or thequantitative limits to the State’s taxingrightsareconcerned.Schön proposes to moveacademicwork in tax law furtherintoaninterdisciplinarydirection,takingon board not only “classic” issues likeneutralities and deadweight losses butalsomorerecentworkwhichgoesdeeptotheheartofpoliticaldecision-makinganditstheoreticalunderpinnings.

This presentation was followed a fewmonthslaterbyanotherkeynotespeechdeliveredontheoccasionofasymposi-umonfundamentalsoftaxlawresearchhosted by the University of Düsseldorf.Under the title “Crossing Borders inTaxation” he put forward the proposaltodevelop legal research in theareaoftaxation into different dimensions: tostrengthen the interaction with otherfieldsoflaw(constitutionallaw,adminis-trativelaw,privatelaw),tolookfortrulyinterdisciplinary research questions (inparticularvis-à-vispubliceconomics)andtodeepenthehistoricaldimensionoftaxlaw.

b) interpretation of tax Law in Germany

Judicial approaches to the interpreta-tionof tax law inGermany include fourdistinct but complementing methodsof interpretation, generally referred toas the four canons of Savigny:an initialapproachthatlooksatthewordingofaprovision,abroaderapproachthatlooks

WolfgangSchönErikRöder(eds.) Zukunftsfragen des deutschen steuerrechts ii

SpringerIX+148p.


at the wider structure of the statute, a third approach that bases the interpreta-tionof a sectionon thehistorical back-groundof theprovision,and the fourthapproach that seeks to elaborate uponthe functionofaparticularprovision inthetaxlaw.Thesegeneralapproachestointerpretingtaxlawsarecomplementedby the application of specific doctrinesrelated to developing the law beyondits textual limits. Two members of theInstitute elaborated these methods ofinterpretation with respect to Germantaxlaw(Heber, Sternberg)foracollectedvolumepublishedin2014.TheresearchworkpointsoutthatthetraditionalGer-man interpretationmethods have beenadjusted to meet the requirements of EuropeanUnionlaw.Moreover,itlooksattheoptionstoemploypurposiveinter-pretationtofighttaxavoidance.

c) tax Avoidance and the Rule of Law

Goodprogresswasmadewiththebroad-rangingcomparativeresearchprojectontaxplanningandtaxavoidance(Osterloh-Konrad;cf.ResearchReport2010–2011,p. 17).On the one hand, the compara-tive work shows many parallels amongjurisdictions, especially concerning vari-ousattemptstoformulateasatisfactorydefinitionof taxavoidanceviaconceptssuch as artificiality, formasopposed tosubstance,shamorlackofbusinesspur-pose.However,equallywidespreadistheperceptionthat thesedefinitionsareallmore or less unsatisfactory. Particularlyunclear seems to be how the differentindicatorsoftaxavoidancerelatetoeachotherandwhichofthemreallygetatthe

coreofthematterinsteadofbeingratheraccidentallyconnectedtoavoidanceac-tivities.Therefore,onemainfocusoftheproject is toprovidesomeclarificationson this aspect by making a functionalanalysisofthevariousindicators.

On the other hand, jurisdictions differwidelyinwhatkindoflegalinstrumentstheyusetotackletaxavoidance, in thelegal consequences attached to theseinstruments and in their proceduralframework. Legal comparison makes itpossibletocontrastdifferentapproachesandtoexplainthembyreferencetotheparticular constitutional and histori-cal background of the fight against taxavoidance in various jurisdictions. Dueto these particularities, it is impossibletoidentifythebestlegalsolutiontotheproblem. However, the comparativeanalysis enlarges the toolbox of poten-tialproceduralandsubstantivelegalele-ments of anti-avoidance measures andthereby helps improving national taxavoidanceregimes.

InMay2014,theGermanFederalCoun-cil asked the government to install dis-closuredutiesfortaxavoidanceschemesinGerman tax lawand toengage inaninitiative towards a uniform Europeandisclosure regime. This led theGermanFederalMinistryofFinancetoaskforad-viceonthefeasibilityofsuchastatutorydisclosure duty. An article co-authoredby a former and a present member of theInstitute(Beuchert, Osterloh-Konrad)explores the legal framework of such aregime in Germany and discusses indepth the pros and cons. The articlecomestotheconclusionthattherearea


numberofgoodreasonsforintroducingadisclosureregime;however, the legis-lator has tobe very careful not tobur-den taxpayers, their advisors or the tax administrationwithunnecessarypaper-workorsuperfluousinformation,which,interalia,mightbeanargumentforlimit-ingdisclosuredutiestomarketedavoid-anceschemes.Furthermore,inordertoensure the fairness of the tax system, the legislator might be well advised tocombine the introduction of disclosuredutiesasameasuretoimprovetranspar-encyvis-à-vistaxauthoritieswithmeas-uresfosteringtransparencyvis-à-visthetaxpayer.Inparticular,thecurrentpolicyof not issuing administrative rulings onpresumably tax-driven arrangementsshouldbereconsidered.

d) Retroactive Application of tax Law

Oneofthefundamentalissuesintaxlawis the extent to which legislators mayretroactively impose tax liabilities giventhe taxpayer’s reliance on previous taxlaw.TheDepartmenthasdoneworkre-gardingtheconstitutionallimitsretroac-tive legislation for several years. In late2013, the German Constitutional Court(Bundesverfassungsgericht) delivered awidelydebatedjudgmenton“retroactiveclarifications”which fullyendorsedear-lier publications from the Institute (seeSchön,FestschriftJoachimLang,2010,p.221)andstrengthenedboththesepara-tion of powers between the judicatureandthelegislatureandtheprotectionofthetaxpayerundertheruleoflaw.

Retroactive legislation is by no meansonly a German topic. One research fel-low has written a comparative articleon retroactive legislation according tothe jurisprudence of the German Fed-eralConstitutionalCourt (Bundesverfas-sungsgericht)andtheEuropeanCourtofHumanRights (Meindl-Ringler). The au-thorexaminestwocasesfromFranceandGreat Britain that she compares to theGerman Federal Constitutional Court’spoint of viewon retroactive legislation.In doing so, she questions the Germancourt’sdistinctionbetweengenuineanddefactoretroactivity.

e) enforcement and Restitution of tax Payments

Abookentitled“RestitutionofOverpaidTax”wasco-editedbyamemberoftheInstitute (Häcker). It is the product ofa conference held at the University ofOxford in 2010, exploring the evolutionof claims for the recovery of overpaidtax since the seminal House of Lordsdecision in Woolwich Equitable Building Society v Inland Revenue Commissioners

TobiasBeuchert Anzeigepflicht bei Steuergestaltungen

Dr.OttoSchmidt401p.


(1992).Thisareaoflawhasundergonearapiddevelopment in thewakeofdeci-sions by the European Court of JusticeholdingvariousprovisionsofUKtaxlawtocontravenebasicEuropeanprinciples.Inparticular,thefindinginMetallgesell-schaft/Hoechst v Inland Revenue Com-

In order to avoid the liquidation of in-solventcompaniesand furtherenhancetheirrestructuring,manycountrieshaveabolished explicit statutory tax priori-tiesandnolongerranktaxclaimsbeforeunsecured claims by private creditors.There are, however, other means of grantingapreferential treatmenttothegovernment’srevenueclaims:Interalia,tax priorities may arise from director’sresponsibilityrules,taxlienprovisionsorfromtreatingtaxclaimsasdebtsof theinsolvencyassets.Inparticularregardingindirect taxes, there remains indeed a strongcaseforkeepingsomesortoftaxpriority.Theaimofoneongoingresearchproject is to analyse internationally es-tablished regulatory tools providing taxprioritieswithspecialfocusontheirabil-ity to conciliate the conflicting interestsof the private creditors, the debtor and thegovernment(Fries).

2. German and comparative Business taxation

a) Corporate income tax

The legitimacy of corporate income taxisconstantlyunderreview.Itsrolewithintheframeworkof incometax ingeneralwasthesubjectofalectureheldbyWolf-gang SchönoninvitationbytheGermanTaxLawAssocation(Deutsche Steuerjuris-tische Gesellschaft).Hesubscribedtothetraditional view that corporate incometax fulfils the task of a “back-stop” or“prepayment”fortheindividual incometax. Itsmere existence leads to severalpolicy choices – which entities shouldbe subject to transparent/intransparenttaxation, how to distinguish debt from

missioners (2001) that the UK regimegoverning intra-group dividends andadvance corporation tax infringed com-panies’freedomofestablishmentledtoawholespateoflitigation.Thefirstpartofthebookexplorestheramificationsofthisnationalcase law,whilethesecondapproaches the topic from the European angle.Thethirdandlastpartaddsacom-parative dimension by considering howotherjurisdictionsdealwiththeproblemofoverpaidtax.Withinthislastpart,onechaptercomparestheEnglishpreferencefor regarding the recovery of paymentsmadetothestate(inthewidestsenseoftheword) as fallingwithin theordinarylawof unjust enrichmentwith theGer-manconceptofspecial‘publiclawresti-tutionaryclaims’(Häcker).

StevenElliott, BirkeHäcker,andCharlesMitchell

(eds.)

Restitution of overpaid tax

HartPublishing366p.


equity,whattodowithcapitalgainsandwhattreatmentshallbeawardedtore-tainedanddistributedprofits.Moreover,matters of loss compensation betweenthe corporation and its shareholdersor specific trade taxeshave tobe takenintoaccount.Intheend,thelecturede-veloped a coherent picture of businesstaxationwhichreliesonalimiteddegreeof“electivity”forentitystatusandshiesawayfromone-size-fits-allsolutions.

A dissertation published during thereporting period conducted a compara-tive analysis regarding the concept ofconstructive dividend distributions inGermany, Austria, Switzerland, and theUnited States (Gerten). The commoncoreoftheconceptinalltaxjurisdictionscovered is that a constructive dividendconsists of (1) any transfer of an eco-nomicbenefitfrom(2)acorporationtoashareholderinhiscapacityassuchwhichis(3)notrelatedtoaformaldividenddis-tribution. Central is the second finding,thatadistributionwasmadespecificallywith regard to the corporation-share-holder relationship (Causa Societatis).Thestandardfordeterminingthiscausalnexusistheso-calledarm’s-lengthprinci-ple.Thepivotalquestioniswhetherthecompanywouldhavegranted the sameeconomicbenefittoathirdpartyhadthedecision been made by a prudent busi-nessmanager.

One doctoral student finalised a majorcomparativestudyonchangeofcontroland losscompensation (Hohmann).Thecurrent unsatisfactory situation of Ger-man tax lawwith regard to sec.8c Cor-porate Income Tax Act is discussed at

length. Taking together the outcomeofafine-grainedcomparativeanalysis, theauthor puts forward proposals for taxreform in Germany.

One guest scholar fromNorway under-tookacomparativestudyonthevariousformsofparticipationexemptionmeth-ods in Europe (Lindeberg). During herstayattheInstitute,shefocusedparticu-larlyontheGermannationaltaxsystemanddrewacomparisonwiththeNorwe-gianparticipationexemptionmethod.

b) partnership taxation

Ithasalreadybeenmentioned that thetreatmentofpartnershipsincivillaw,ac-counting lawand taxation law isoneofthe newly establishedmainstays of theDepartment’s research. The work donein this area was described under II.2.

c) Private investment income

One award-winning doctoral thesis,completed during the reporting periodandfinancedbyanexternalscholarship,examines the recently amended legalframework for taxing capital income of

Carsten Hohmann


individuals in Germany (Aigner). Thethesisparticularlyfocusesontaximplica-tionsofthetotallossinvalueoffinancialassets held by individuals. Until 2008,onlytheindividuals’regularincometrig-geredincometax.Accordingtothenewtaxprovisions,boththerecurringincomeand the gainor loss from selling thefi-nancialinstrumentaresubjecttoincometax. However, the amendments to the German Income Tax Act do not address the issueof a total loss of valueof thefinancial asset which is not realised bya transaction. Against this background,theworkconcludeswithaproposalforamorecoherentsystemfortaxingcapitalincome in Germany.

3. Value Added tax

a) Research cooperation in the Scope of VAt

Research institutionsoftencooperate inorder to use their respective researchinfrastructure in themostefficientway.Such agreements are generally struc-tured in a way in which one research Institute employs technical facilities ofanotherresearchInstituteforitsownre-searchandviceversa,thusleadingtoanexchangeofgoodsandservices.AsfarasVAT law isconcerned, it isquestionablewhetheramutualagreementonprovid-ingresearchinfrastructuretoeachotheristaxable.Thisisnotonlyamatterofac-ademicinterestbutalsoaburningissueformajorresearchinstitutionsinEuropeliketheMaxPlanckSocietyitself.

Generallyspeaking,researchinstitutionsare not considered a taxable person,since the engagement in fundamentalresearch is a non-economic activity. If,however, cooperating with other re-search institutions were consideredeconomicinnature,researchinstitutionswouldqualify forbeing taxablepersonsandtheseactivitieswouldbesubjecttoVAT.Researchundertakenbyamemberof the Institute (Heber) lays out a pos-sible route for beneficial interpretationby mirroring the European concept ofthe “direct, permanent and necessaryextension”,whichwasdevelopedforthebusinesssphereofataxpayer,tohisnon-economicsphere.Herworkhasfounditswayintoamajorconsultationperformedby the European Commission in this area.

Philipp Aigner’s doctoral thesis was awarded the “Academic Prize” of the Munich Chamber of Tax Consultants (left to right): Hartmut Schwab, Moni-ka Jachmann, Philipp Aigner, and Gün-ther Helmhagen, November 2013.


b) transfer pricing and the vAt tax Base

The concept of transfer pricing is useddifferentlydependinguponthepurposetowhich it isapplied.As faras interna-tional taxation is concerned, the arm’slengthstandardisusedforanallocationofprofitstothedifferentbusinessunitsof amultinational enterprise leading toanallocationoftaxingrightsto jurisdic-tionsinwhichtheenterpriseengagesinitsbusinessactivities.FromaVATpointofview,itisquestionablewhethertransferpricingassuchoranytransferpricingad-justments have an impact on the VAT tax base. This question is examined in oneresearch paper which shows that trans-ferpricingitselfandanyadjustmentsfortransferpricinggenerallyhavenoimpactontheVATtreatmentofthistransaction(Heber).Only in caseswhereeither thesupplier or the acquirer is not entitledto a full input VAT deduction does theVAT system provide a minimum tax base under which transfer pricing concernsmayplayaroleforbothintercommunitytransactionsandimportationsofgoods.

4. european tax Law

TheimpactoftheEuropeanTreatiesandsecondaryEU law remainsa strongholdof theDepartment in its legal research.Thework isdevotedtothethreemajoraspectsofEuropeantaxlaw:theimpactofthefundamentalfreedoms,Euro-wideharmonisation in the tax area and theapplicationofthestateaidprovisionsontaxbenefits.

a) fundamental freedoms and taxation

aa) General features of the internal Market

The question of how to reconcile therequirementsoftheInternalMarketandthetaxsovereigntyoftheMemberStatesof the European Union constitutes theeternal challenge of European tax law.While the Court has delivered straight-forward answers to the detriment of nationallegislationuntil2005,therecentdecade has seen the emergence of amorebalancedviewintheCourt’sjuris-prudencewhichhasbeencriticiseddueto its vagueness and its lackofpredict-ability.ThishasgivenrisetoresearchattheDepartmentwhich tests thewealthofjudgmentsdeliveredbytheCourtoverthe last 30 years in the area of directtaxationagainstthefundamentalbench-marksoftheopenmarketeconomycre-atedbytheEuropeanTreaties(Schön).Itturnsout that cross-border “neutrality”oftaxationremainsthemostprominentfeatureoftheInternalMarket.TheCourt

Marion Hombach Sperrklauseln im europäischen steuerrecht

Nomos419p.


is right when it states that “neutrality”hastobeassessedona“unilateral”basis,takingintoaccountonlythelegalorderof oneMember State, leaving aside in-stancesofdoubletaxationordisparities.But the Court gets it wrong wheneverthe judges try to apply an “overall per-spective”which combines tax effects inthehomecountryandinthehostcoun-tryinordertoconfirmthecompatibilityof oneMember State’s legislation withthe fundamental freedoms. In recentyears, the Court has stressed the concept of“territoriality” inordertoallowforasegmentation of taxing rights betweencountriesandtheensuingobstaclesaris-ingfromtheterritorialcharacterofataxclaim.This goes too far as it renouncesthe concept of the Internal Market asa Euro-wide playing field for economicactors. The territorial limitation of taxjurisdiction does not per se strengthentax legislation versus the requirementsof the Internal Market; it only justifies

specificlimitationstodeductions,allow-ancesandsimilartaxbenefits(includingtaxcredits).

Amajor step beyond the InternalMar-ket is provided by the free movementofcapitalwhichapplies–duetoArt.63par.1 TFEU – alsowith respect to thirdcountries and their nationals. This hasledtoawide-reachingdebateastothedividing line between the freedom ofestablishment (applicable only withintheterritoryoftheEU)andthefreedomofcapital.Inarecentpublication,itwasshownthatthisdividinglineshouldnotfollowabstractconceptsastothe“con-tent”and“scope”ofestablishmentvis-à-viscapitalmovementsandtheassess-ment of those facts under the relevantdomesticlegislation.Rather,oneshouldfocussolelyonthepurposeofthetestedlegislation:ifitismeanttoregulatecer-tainactivities,freedomofestablishmentshouldprevail; if itaddressesthetrans-ferandownershipofassetsinageneralfashion, the free movement of capitalshouldbeexamined(Schön).

bb) fundamental freedoms and Busi-ness taxati on

The influence of the fundamental free-domsonbusinesstaxationwasexaminedby several researchers at the Depart-ment.Amajortopicinthisregardisthe“Taxation of Multinationals in Europe”wherethemoderntoolsofgrouptaxationconflict with the requirement of equaltreatment across the borders between theEuropeanUnion’sMemberStates.Ageneral analysis of this topicwas deliv-

Wolfgang Schön giving the Klaus-Vogel-Lecture at the WU Vienna on “Neutra-lity and Territoriality – Competi ng or Converging Concepts in European Tax Law?”, October 2014.


eredataworkshoponinternationaltaxreformorganisedbyHarvardLawSchoolinWoodstock/Vermont(2012)andlatertransformedintoacontributiontoacol-lectedvolume(Schön).

Twoadditionalpublicationselaborateondetailsofcross-borderbusinesstaxation:anarticleonthecompatibilityoftransferpricingadjustments(Schön)andanotherarticleonthecompatibilityofCFC-Legis-lationwiththe InternalMarket (Schön).Oneofthemainfindingsofthesethreepublications lies inthefactthattheEu-ropeanCourtofJusticehasmoveditselfinto a corner which leaves not muchleewayforMemberStatestoestablishacoherent system of international grouptaxationintheInternalMarket.Therea-sonisthattheCourthasacceptedhardlyanyjustificationforspecialtreatmentofcross-border dealings within corporategroups.Apartfromtherequirementsoffiscal supervision, theCJEU is onlywill-ingtoallowlessadvantageoustreatmentundertaxlawifthereisoutright“abuse”on the side of the taxpayer, meaning“purely artificial arrangements” devoidof any economic substance.

Corporate exit taxation is an obviousimpedimenttotheinternalmarket,asitdiscriminates against cross-border busi-ness activities. The CJEU’s decision inthe National Grid Indus case (C-371/10)in November 2011marked the startingpointforastringofdecisions,culminat-ing inDMC (164/12) in 2014, in whichthe court specified the requirementsfor corporate exit taxation that followfrom the fundamental freedoms. It hasthus become evident that corporate exit

taxationcannotbeaddressedinasatis-factorywaythroughCJEUjurisprudence.AnarticlepublishedintheBritish Tax Re-viewin2014showsthat,inordertobringcorporateexittaxationmoreinlinewiththe logic of the internal market, it hasto be co-ordinated (Röder). The articledescribeshowaco-ordinatedcorporateexittaxationregimeshouldbedesignedandhowitcouldbeimplementedwithin

IsabelleRichelle WolfgangSchönEdoardoTraversa(eds.) Allocating taxing Powers within the european union

SpringerXI+220p.

theEU,inthecontextofacommoncor-porate tax base or through a targetedharmonisationmeasure, aswell as out-side theEU inbilateralDoubleTaxationConventions.

TheEuropeanrulesonexit taxationarealsotheobjectofresearchundertakenbyaguestresearcher(HumboldtScholar)ofthe Institute (Miyamoto).ThisworkhasaspecialfocusonjudgmentsoftheGer-manFederalFiscalCourt(Bundesfinanz-hof) and theCJEUonexit taxation. TheGerman system will also be comparedwith the Japanese exit tax system.


One ongoing doctoral thesis examineswhether and to what extent such disad-vantages constitute an infringement ofEuropean fundamental freedoms (Hen-nigs).ItdoessoprimarilybyreferencetothecaselawoftheCJEUwhichitsubjectsto a critical evaluation. The emphasisof the analysis lies on the justificatorystage,namelyhowEuropeanlawaccom-modates the interest of member states inaneffectiveandeconomicallyefficientsystemof taxcontrol.Anotherquestionaddressed by the project is whether and– if so–underwhatcircumstancesnationalrulesrelatingtotaxandtaxpro-cedurewhich are indistinctly applicabletopurelynationalandcross-bordercasesare at all to be seen as restrictions onfundamentalfreedomscallingforanap-propriatejustification.

b) tax Harmonisation

aa) enhanced cooperation

The enhanced cooperation procedureis a mechanism laid down in the trea-ties of the European Union allowingat leastnineMemberStates touse theinstitutions of the European Union forestablishinga legal frameworkbetweenthemselvesinaparticularfieldthatdoesnotfallwithintheexclusivecompetenceoftheUnion.ThisEuropeanmechanismof differentiated integration has hardlybeen used since its implementation inthe framework of the Treaties in 1999,and thus, notmuch attentionhas beengiven analysing the legal requirementsfor establishing enhanced cooperationbetween member states and its legalconsequences.Despitethe lackofprac-

cc) free movements of Persons be-tween the eu and switzerland

According to CJEU case law, the funda-mental freedoms have a strong impacton direct taxation sincemember statesare prohibited from designing nationaltax law in a way that infringes one ofthesefreedoms.Asanon-member-state,Switzerlandisnotboundbythiscaselaw.However,the“AgreementofFreeMove-mentofPersons”(AFM)signedbetweentheEU, itsmemberstates,andSwitzer-land, guarantees for all parties are laiddown that show characteristics whicharequite similar to thoseof the funda-mental freedoms. An ongoing doctoralthesisanalysesthequestionofwhetherthecaselawoftheCJEUisapplicabletotheAFMsinceitshowssimilaritiestothefundamentalfreedoms(Sunde).

dd) Administrative Requirements and Justification

In cross-border cases, it canbedifficultfortaxauthoritiesandtaxpayersaliketoinvestigate or provide evidence for therelevant facts influencing a tax assess-ment.Difficultiesarecaused,ontheonehand, by limited cross-border investiga-tivepowersoffinancialauthorities,andon the other by a plethora of hithertounadjusted legal rules, business prac-ticesandadministrativeconventions.Asaconsequence,taxpayersarefrequentlydisadvantaged either by paying highertaxesorbyhavingtoputextraeffortintomeetingproceduralobligations.


countinglaw.Therearemanyopenques-tionsregardingthegeneralprinciplesforthe determination of the taxable profitaswellastheprovisionsindetail.Inthisthesis, a comparison is drawn between the computation of corporate profitsfortaxpurposespursuanttotheCCCTBrules, and the computation methodsaccording to the German CommercialCode(HGB),theGermanIncomeTaxAct(EStG), and the International FinancialReporting Standards (IFRS). This workdiscussesthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthesedifferentsetsofrulestoascertain whether the proposed profitcomputationmethodisafeasibletoolfortaxharmonisation intheEU.ThisthesiswasawardedtheMitchellB.CarrollPrize2014 by the International Fiscal Asso-ciation (IFA),andhasbeenpublished in2015.

Particularaspectsofthecomputationofprofits under the CCCTB also lie at theheartofanotherpieceofresearchwork(Eggert).UndertheCCCTBconcept,one

ticalpertinenceinthepast,thismecha-nism has the potential of becoming apioneerforachievingtaxharmonisation.Policymakershaveacknowledged,morethan ever before, that especially in thefieldoftaxationamorecollaborativeap-proach has to be pursued.

Anewpost-doctoralprojectdealingwiththeenhancedcooperationprocedure intaxlawjuststartedin2014(Heber).Thisworkwillnotbelimitedtoalegalanaly-sis of this procedure sincepolicy issueswillalsobesubjecttothisresearchwork.TheresearchworkwillstronglybedrivenbytheconceptoftheEuropeaninternalmarket, and thus, the work will havea special focus on the policy questionof whether tax harmonisation amongsome but not all member states underthe enhanced cooperation procedurewill strengthen or harm the establish-ment and functioning of the Europeaninternalmarket.Ontheotherhand,thelegaleffectsofanenhancedcooperationbetweensomebutnotallmemberstateswith respect to the European marketconcepthavetobeanalysed.

bb) Common Consolidated Corporate tax Base

Onedoctoralthesis,completedin2013,analyses the computation of profits ac-cording to the proposedDirective for aCommon Consolidated Corporate TaxBase (CCCTB) (Eggert). The harmonisa-tionofthecomputationofthecorporatetaxbaseaccordingtotheproposalforaCCCTBisacomprehensiveharmonisationprojectthatconcernsallareasoftaxac-

Andreas Eggert was awarded the pres-tigious Mitchell B. Carroll Prize by the International Fiscal Association (IFA), in Mumbai, India, October 2014.


of the important issues is the treatment of partnership interest in tax transpar-ent entities. Especially inGermany, thistreatment will be of great importance.This article examines the tax profit cal-culationofapartnershipwhereat leastoneofthepartnersisacorporationthatistaxedundertheCCCTBrules.

Onedoctoral thesis closely linked to is-sues of European direct tax harmonisa-tionentitled“IPMigration–TaxationofIPHoldingCompanies”wasnearlycom-pletedduring the reportingperiod (von Einem).In2014,theauthorpublishedanarticlewhichlaidoutaproposaltoamendtheInterest-RoyaltyDirectivetotakeac-countofsomeoftherecent“abuses”ofIPholdingregimesunderEuropeanlaw.

cc) Financial transaction tax

As early as 2012, one author exposedthemain contradictions and ideologicalflawsofthenewattempttotaxtransac-tions infinancial instrumentsataEuro-peanlevel(Schön).Itwasdemonstratedtowhat extent the introductionof a fi-nancialtransactiontax(FTT)boilsdownto“symbolicpolitics”whichdoesnotfur-thersubstantiallytheaimsofaEuropeanCapitalMarket.

In several contributions, two membersof the Institute analyse the interplaybetweenthesecondEuropeanproposalforaFTTandfinancialmarketstructuresand regulation (Heber, Sternberg). Theauthorsconcludethatinbothorganisedmarkets and over-the-counter tradingthe financial transaction tax does notsufficiently account for market struc-tures and regulative requirements;therefore,theysuggestrevisingthepro-posal for a financial transaction tax. Inorganisedmarkets,withcentralcounter-parties, clearing members that are theonly institutions allowed to enter intotransactions with central counterpar-ties and central securities depositories,trading structures have evolved thatare desirable to reduce systemic risksinfinancialmarkets.Thatiswhyforcer-tain standardised financial instrumentsnot yet commonly traded on organisedmarkets, financialmarket regulation re-quiresthesefinancial instrumentstobetradedonorganisedmarkets.Moreover,certainderivativecontractsthatarenotsuitablefortradingonorganisedmarketsbut sufficiently standardisedhave tobecleared through a central counterparty.Although these market structures and

With their article “Over-the-Counter Derivative Markets in the Light of EMIR Clearing Obligations and the Financial Transaction Tax”, Christian Sternberg and Caroline Heber came first at the “DFI Writing Competition 2014”.

INTERNATIONAL TAXATION, REGULATION AND ACCOUNTING

DERIVATIVES& FINANCIALINSTRUMENTS

For information about IBFD publications and activitiesplease visit our website at www.ibfd.org

ArticlesInternational• Over-the-Counter Derivative Markets in the Light of EMIR Clearing Obligations and the Financial Transaction TaxNetherlands• The Implementation of the AIFMD in Dutch Tax LawInternational• Anti-Abuse under the Financial Transaction Tax ProposalInternational• Retailers Directly Accepting Bitcoins: Tricky Tax Issues?

Comparative Survey – CrowdfundingAustralia

Recent DevelopmentsInternational; Spain

Volume 16 - Number 3 - 2014


obligations are very important for sus-tainingfinancialmarketstability,clearingover-the-counter trades throughcentralcounterparties as well as transactionswith clearing members are still subjecttotheproposedfinancialtransactiontax.Thiscreatesanincentivetoaltertradingbehaviourandmarketstructures,whichwouldmostlikelyincreasesystemicrisksinfinancialmarkets.Moreover,thescopeforsellingfinancialinstrumentsshorthasbeenlimitedbyaregulation.Itsaimistoassure the settlement of short-selling,thereby increasing market stability. Ifthesellercannotsettlethetradeinduetime, as a mechanism of last resort, itprovidesforabuy-inprocedurebyacen-tralcounterpartythatbuysthefinancialinstruments sold short on the marketanddeliversthesetotheoriginalbuyer.However, since central counterpartiesareexempt,thismaycreateanincentivenottosettleashortsaleinduetime.Thiswill increase systemic risks in financialmarketscontrarytotheaimsoftheregu-lationandfinancialtransactiontax.

Thetaxationoffinancialtransactionalsolies at the heart of a piece of researchundertaken by a guest researcher ofthe Institute (Said Formosa). This workcomparestheexistingtaxesonfinancialtransactionswith theproposedEurope-anFTT.Taxpolicyissuesfromalegalandnon-legalperspectivearethemainfocusof this research.

c) state Aid Law and tax Law

As inthepreviousreportingperiod,theinteractionbetweenthestateaidprovi-

sionsundertheTreatyontheFunction-ingoftheEuropeanUnionanddomestictaxlegislationplayedadominantroleintheworkoftheInstitute.In2012,anup-dateofthegeneralchapteron“StateAidLawintheAreaofTaxation”inaleadinghandbook on state aids was published(Schön). Moreover, current topics liketheimpactoftheprohibitiononstateaidon “unfair” tax competition, in particu-lar beneficial “rulings” issued by someMemberStatesinfavorofmultinationalbusiness, were discussed for a generalaudience.

Onedoctoralthesis,completedin2014,deals with the interplay between stateaidlawandtaxneutrality(Balbinot).Theaim of this research project is twofold:First, it intends to define the notion ofstate aid in the area of direct taxationwith regard to the CJEU’s case law, theEuropean Commission’s approach, andthecurrentacademicliterature.Second,itanswers–basedonthenotionofStateAid found – the question of whetherthe lacking tax neutrality regarding dif-ferent legal forms, i.e. corporationsandpartnerships,constitutesstateaidinthemeaningofArticle107oftheTFEU.

Chiara Balbinot


State aid and tax law also lies at heartofanotherongoingdoctoralthesis(Jozi-pović). This doctoral thesis, however,aimsatanalysingtheimpactofEUstateaidlawonrulesofinternationaltaxlaw.Stateaid law is in general applicable toall areas of law. However, internationaltaxlawisoftenconsideredasatechnicalnorm system that serves the main pur-poseof supporting thematerial law.Assuch, the Commission has considered it asbeinginlinewithstateaidlawaslongasitservesitstechnicalpurpose.Despitethis,recentdevelopments(e.g.theBEPSproject of the OECD and the Commis-sion’s procedures against tax planningschemes of multinationals) show theneedforanalysingthestructureofinter-nationaltaxlawfromastateaidperspec-tive.

Another piece of research work in thisfieldoflawdiscussestheCroatianacces-siontotheEUfromacombinedtaxandstate aid point of view (Jozipović). This

paper examines the accession contract betweenCroatiaandtheEUwithrespecttoexistingstateaidlaw,andcontractsofprior accessions. The paper criticises inparticulartheonesidedriskdistributioninwhichCroatiaasanapplicantandnowasanewmemberstateisresponsibleforpotentialhiddenstateaidsofwhichnei-ther the state nor the Commission were aware of.

5. international taxation

The taxation of cross-border activitiesand investment is one of the mainstays oftheDepartment’sworkintheareaoftaxation.

a) international Allocation of taxing Rights

As in previous years, the internationalallocation of taxing rights has been thesubjectof intense researchat the Insti-tute. One of the Department’s majorfieldsofwork in thereportingperiod istherearrangementoftaxjurisdictionsinaglobalisedeconomy.TheimpactoftheBEPS project on this work has alreadybeen described above (II.3.). The Insti-tutecloselymonitorsthetectonicmovesoftheinternationallandscapeoftaxationand tries to address both fundamen-tal long-term topics and current issueswhicharisefromthepoliticaldebate.

Ina globalisedeconomy,aperson’sbe-haviourisnot limitedtotheterritoryofasinglestate.Instead,personsareactivewithinmanystatesandtheiractionshave

Marta Oliveros Castelon and Christian Sternberg both work on international taxation. Pictured at the Institute’s Staff Retreat in September 2013.


cross-border reach. States try to followsuit and enact laws with extraterrito-rial reach, sometimes in a harmonisedmanner like in the European Union. Ifstatestrytorealisetheirpolicygoalsinaglobalisedworldbyenactinglawwithex-traterritorialreach,personswillbefacedwithmultipleandsometimesconflictingrules. From a states’ perspective, ruleswith extraterritorial reach enacted byanother statewill impedewith its veryownpolicyinterests.Therefore,onedoc-toral thesis aims at analysing whetherpublic international law, European lawand German constitutional law set outlimits forstates’extraterritorial jurisdic-tion(Sternberg).

b) international taxation of Services

The taxation of income from the inter-national servicesprovisions ispresentlyone of the most controversial issuesin the tax arena. This is because the advancement of technology more andmore allows service providers to havea great penetration in a country’smar-ket without having permanent physicalpremisesthere.Especially,thepossibilityof remote services provision has increas-ingly lead the countries that are netservices importers –mostly developingcountries – to challenge the adequacyand the legitimacy of the division oftax competence according to theOECDModelDoubleTaxConvention.Thisisbe-causethismodelconditions theserviceimporter’s country right to tax incomeupon the existence of a permanent es-tablishment in that country, which, asa rule, requires theexistenceofafixed

placeofbusinessoftheservicesproviderin the host country.

In this context, one research fellowanalysesthetreatypracticeofbothnetcapital importers such as Brazil and In-dia, and net services exporters, such as GermanyandtheUnitedStates(Oliveros Castelon).Moreover,shetriestoanswerthe question as to whether legal andeconomic principlesmay give a norma-tive orientation as to how the right totax income from internationalprovisionofenterpriseservicesshouldbedividedbetween the states.

c) Limitation on Deductibility of interest

Two doctoral theses completed duringthe reportingperiodexamine the inter-estbarrierrules inGermany introducedin2008asameansofpreventingprofitshiftingandof increasing theequity ra-tio (Jehlin, Marquardt). Multinationalsoftenengageininternallendingwiththeintent to debt finance German compa-nieswithinthegroup.Asaresult,thetaxbaseiserodedinGermany.Theprincipalaim of the German interest barrier is to prohibitexactlysuchbehaviour.

Onedoctoralthesis(Jehlin)focusesonananalysisof theGermanprovisions inthelightofconstitutionallawandinparticu-lar Art. 3 (equal treatment) and Art. 14(protection of property) of the GermanConstitution. The constitutional analysisissupportedbyfindingsofrecentempiri-caleconomicsurveysstudyingtheeffectof the interest barrier. The author reaches


spectiveofcomparative law(Marquart)and comes forward with policy recom-mendations. It speaks out in favour ofaninterestallocationrulehavingregardtoassetallocationwithin thecorporategroupinthefirstplace.Thisdoctoralthe-sis was awarded three major academic prizesfordoctoralwork(seebottomleft)andcanthereforeberegardedasoneoftheDepartment’smostvisibleoutputsinthereportingperiod.

d) taxation of permanent establishments

The taxation of permanent establish-ments is driven by two major factors: the scope of the concept of a permanent es-tablishmentunderArt.5OECDModelandtheattributionofprofitstoapermanentestablishmentunderArt.7OECDModel.Thefirstissueisaddressedinapublica-tionwhichaimsatamoresophisticatedunderstandingoftheconceptingeneral(Schön).Ontheonehand,thenotionofa permanent establishment serves thepurposeofdeterminingthethresholdforsourcetaxationofcross-borderbusinessincome.On theotherhand, thenotionof a permanent establishment is em-ployedtohypothesizeafictitiousentitywhichmight enter into “dealings” withtheheadofficeof thecompany, isableto employ salaried persons and mightevenrelyondoubletaxationconventionbenefitsitself.Fromtheauthor’spointofview, it seems advisable to disentangletheseconceptsandtoseparatetherightthreshold for source taxation from sev-eralother functionsundernationalandinternationaltaxlaw.

the conclusion that theGerman interestbarrier constitutes a breach of constitu-tionalrightswhichcannotbejustified.

The other doctoral thesis published in2012(butcompletedduringthepreviousreporting period) covers the limitationondeductibilityofinterestfromtheper-

Christian Marquart’s doctoral work was awarded with several prizes: the Promo-tionspreis of the Esche-Schümann-Com-michau-Stiftung, the Gerhard-Thoma Prize of Honour from the Fachinstitut der Steuerberater e.V., and the Acade-mic Prize of the Munich Chamber of Tax Consultants. Here Marquart (middle) is pictured with Hartmut Schwab (left) and Günter Helmhagen (right) from the StbK München, October 2014.

AlexanderJehlin

Die Zinsschranke als instrument zur

missbrauchsvermei-dung und Steigerung der eigenkapitalaus-

stattung

Duncker&Humblot,267p.


One doctoral thesis (Holm) deals withthe attribution of profits to permanentestablishments under German tax law.A major part of this project is devoted totheinterpretationofsection1oftheGerman Foreign Transaction Tax Act(Außensteuergesetz). This part ismanlyinspiredbythelegislator’sintentiontoin-troducetheAuthorisedOECDApproach(AOA) into national law. The AOA is aninternationalconceptaimingatdividingtaxing rights between two countries inwhich one enterprise operates. One ofthese states is the state of residence and the other one is the state in which the enterprise operates through its perma-nent establishment. The AOA requirestreatingapermanentestablishmentasaseparateandindependententityforthepurposeofallocatingprofits.Thesecondmajor part of this thesis is an examina-tionof the interplaybetweensection1GermanForeignTaxTransactionActandother provisions of domestic tax lawaddressing the relationship between apermanentestablishmentandthehead-quartersinamultinationalenterprise.

e) Hybrid entities and Double Non-taxation

Anewresearchprojectoninternationaldouble non-taxation derived from theuseofhybridentitieshasstartedin2014(Parada). The first part of this thesisincludes an analysis of the concept ofdoublenon-taxationintheinternationalarena in order to understand that dou-ble non-taxation need not always beconsidered a problem. In contrast, inmany cases it can be accepted or even

intendedbydomesticlawsandtaxtrea-ties,anditcanbeusedasanimportantandpositivetoolfortaxpolicy.Thesec-ondandthirdpartofthisthesisanalysethe concept of hybrid entities and theconflicts of allocation derived from thedisparitybetweendomesticlawsinclas-sifying foreignentities for taxpurposes.For thispurpose, theauthorprovidesacomparativeanalysisof themainclassi-fication systemsusedaround theworldandanalysesthepracticalpossibilitiesofcoordinating them on an internationallevelinordertoavoidabusivesituations.

Another piece of research in this area analysesadecisionof theGermanFed-eral Fiscal Court on whether allowancefor corporate equity (ACE) should becategorised as dividend or as interestundertheformerdoubletaxconventionbetween Brazil and Germany (Oliveros Castelon).Brazil isoneofthefewcoun-tries in the world that has included anACEregimeinitslegislation,called“jurossobreocapitalpróprio”(literally:intereston equity). The ACE regime, therefore,is hybrid for tax purposes. Against thisbackground, the German Federal Fiscal

Christian Marquart

Zinsabzug und steuerliche Gewinnallokation

NomosIX+148p.


ian tax treaties fromthe1960s is takeninto account. The aim of this thesis is todeterminehowbeneficial ownershipshould ideally be interpreted consider-ing, inter alia, historical material, thepurposesoftaxtreatiesandthegrowingneedtotargetconduitstructures.

g) Mutual Agreement procedure

A tax treaty signedbetween twostatesgenerally seeks topreventdouble taxa-tionbyprovidingforauniformallocationoftaxingrightswithrespecttodifferentclassesof incomebetween the stateofresidence and the source state. Even though treaties are in force, doubletaxation may still arise. Such doubletaxation may result from incorrect ap-plicationofthetreatybyonecontractingstate or from different views betweenthe contracting states. To resolve is-sues on remaining double taxation, taxtreaties typically provide for a MutualAgreement Procedure (MAP). A visitingprofessor(Ault)analysedthisprocedureinmoredetail. Theauthordescribed insome detail the various situations inwhich the MAP can be used to ensure theproperfunctioningofthetreaty.Twosourcesareofparticularimportanceforthisresearchwork:theUNGuidetotheMutualAgreementProcedureunderTaxTreatiesandtheOECDManualonEffec-tiveMutualAgreementProcedure.

h) Climate Policy

During the last decade, a growing so-cialsensitivitytowardsecological issues

Court has reached the conclusion thatACEshouldbequalifiedasdividendsforthe purposes of the German-BrazilianDTC. In the article the author presentsthe decision of the Court and also thereasonswhyshethinksthatthisdecisiondeserves criticism. She argues that theCourtshouldhaveattachedmoreimpor-tance to the DTC provision stating thattheterminterestincluded“otherincomeassimilated to income frommoney lentby the taxation law of the ContractingStateinwhichtheincomearises”.

f) the concept of Beneficial ownership

Beneficialownership isaconceptfoundin theOECDModel (and tax treaties ingeneral) inthearticlesondividends, in-terestandroyalties.IntheOECDModel,the termwas originally intended to ex-cludeagentsandnominees fromclaim-ingtreatybenefits;yet theexactmean-ing of the term has remained unclear.There are a number of approaches to beneficial ownership. For instance, thetermisoftenusedinthesenseofanar-row anti-avoidance provision targetedat certain types of conduit companies, whereasotherswouldratherliketoseebeneficial ownership interpreted as anattributionof incomerule.Oneongoingresearch project discusses not only theOECDsituation,italsocomparestheuseof beneficial ownership in a number ofcountries,amongstothers,Germany,theU.K., and Australia, taking into accountthecurrentandhistoricalunderstandingof theterm(Meindl-Ringler).Therefore,archival material on U.K., and Austral-


drove an ever-increasing request togovernmentsabout introducingsuitableeconomicalinstrumentsinordertopre-ventnoxiouseffectsontheenvironmentdue to polluting substances. In such acontext, one of themost effective eco-nomical instruments, both in terms ofefficacyinsafeguardingtheenvironmentfrompollutionandintermsofeconomicefficiency,hasturnedouttobetheintro-ductionofenvironmentaltaxes.

Two guest researchers of the Institute(Pitrone and Pirlot) have independentlyanalysed the concept of environmentaltaxreforms(theneedandrationale)andofenvironmentaltaxes,ontheevolutionof environmental taxation in the inter-national and in the EU perspective andthe German environmental tax reform.AnothercontributionanalysestheGreekTax System for exploration and produc-tionofhydrocarbonsinGreeceaccordingto the Greek Statute number 2289/95(Andrianesis).

i) tax and investment treaties

Tax and investment treaties are consid-ered as separate regimes and are frag-mentedasaresultoftheestimated3.000bilateral treaties negotiated throughoutthe 20th century. Tax treaties primarilyfocusonhowtosplitthepieofrevenues.Investment treatyprovisionsgobeyondtheallocationoftaxjurisdictionandem-phasise thepromotionof foreigndirectinvestmentbygrantingspecialstandardsof treatment to investments. A guestresearcher of the Institute (Frahm) ex-plored the tax-investment nexus. The

Carina Frahm held a guest scholarship at the Department in autumn 2013. She worked on tax and investment treaties.

work attempts to substantiate how thesymmetries and asymmetries of each regimework togetherandhowtooffercoordinationimprovements.

6. Foreign tax Law

a) exchange of information

Some research has been undertakenin the field of exchange of informationbetween countries with a special focusontheForeignAccountTaxComplianceAct (FATCA), a new U.S. tax policy thatrequires foreign financial institutionsaroundtheworldtoprovidefinancialin-formationtotheIRSregardingtheirU.S.clients.Thefirstofaseriesofpapersana-lysed theproposal foranewregulationof the European Parliament and of theEuropean Council with the objective ofestablishingnewparameterstoimprovetheoperationofthetaxationssystemsintheEuropeanUnionaswellastosupportthe fight against tax fraud, tax evasion,andaggressivetaxplanningintheregion(Parada).Thesecondpaperinthisseries


b) Provisions on Controlled Foreign companies

One article dealing with the jurispru-dential developments of the BrazilianCFCruleswasco-authoredbyGerd Willi Rothmann (UniversityofSãoPaulo)anda research fellow of the Institute (Oli-veros Castelon). These rules used tobestrongly criticised in the tax literaturedue to their far-reaching scope. In fact,the CFC regime foresaw the taxation inBrazilofprofitsofforeigncontrolledandaffiliated companies and irrespectiveof whether the income earned abroad couldbeclassifiedaspassive.Therefore,theCFC-regimewasconsideredasincom-patiblewith the ideaofproportionality,giventhatthemeasuresimplementedtocombatspecifictaxavoidancestructuresencompassedagreatspectrumofcaseswherenotaxavoidancepurposecouldbeidentified.Inpresentingthemainsettledand pending cases concerning the Bra-zilian CFC rules, the article gave specialattentiontoaconstitutionalclaim(“açãodiretadeinconstitucionalidade”–ADI–n°2588)thatwaspendingatthattime.Inthemeantime,thiscasehasbeenset-tled,andtheCFCregimewasconsideredaspartiallyincompatiblewiththeConsti-tution.Asareactiontothisdecision,theCFClegislationwaspartiallyrevised.

AnotherpieceofresearchonforeignCFCrules was undertaken by one memberof the Institute (Jozipović). The paperanalyses the specifics of the Croatianlegal systemregarding reinvestmentsofprofitsincomparisonwithstandardCFC-legislation.

analyses the effectiveness of FATCA inlightofarecentSwissCourtdecisionthatblocked thedisclosureofaccount infor-mationmadetotheU.S.throughagrouprequest(Parada).

Based on this work, the final researchpiece provides a critic analysis of theIntergovernmental Agreements (IGAs)usedtofacilitatetheinternationalcoor-dination intheexchangeof informationaswellastoserveasanopportunityformany countries in Europe to increase theirowninformationnetworkwiththeUnited States (Parada). The paper con-cludesdescribingandanalysingthreeis-suesthatmuststillbeclarifiedinthepro-cessofFATCAimplementationinEurope:1)theuseof“quotedEurobonds”intheU.K. and the potential FATCA arbitragederivedfromtheiruse;2)thegroupre-questsallowedundertheSwissIGA,and3)the“coordinationtiming”provisionoftheIGAModel1Ainlightofthereciproc-ity in the exchange of information. In2015, this paperhasbeenaccepted forpublicationbytheWorld Tax Journal.

Volume 74/2014 of Tax Notes Interna-tional, including the article “Lessons Learned From the Swiss Julius Baer Case“ by Leopoldo Parada.


preparation of the financial statementsaccordingtothetrueandfairviewofthefinancial performance and position ofthecompanyunderGerman law (HGB).In particular, it proposes a way of esti-mating the deviation from the “normalmarketconditions”andhowthosetrans-actionsshouldbeproperlydisclosedandaccountedforinthefinancialstatementsof the entity. Intra-group transactionsthatareconcludedinanon-marketenvi-ronmentcaneasilydeviatefrommarketconditions. This deviation also leads todistortions in the financial statementsofthecompany,whichareusednotonlyfor informationalpurposes,butalso forthe distributionof the profits. Financialstatements can (and should) describea more “objective” and “non entity-specific”viewofassettransfersbetweenrelated parties, as long as it is clear totheusersofthefinancialstatementsthatthose deviations could be economicallyexplained.Itisthenaproblemoftaxandcompanylawtotrackdownandfilterouttransactionsthatlackeconomicjustifica-tion.

b) Accounting Limits to profit Distribution

One doctoral research project analysesproblems of statutory constraints ondividend distributions (Klinkert). Ger-mancorporateandaccounting lawpro-hibits distributionof certain assets thatareconsideredcloselyconnectedtothecorporation.Theprohibitionservesasacreditor-protectionmechanism.Thison-goingresearchprojectfocusesspecifical-ly on the statutory constraints imposed

Vi Business Law

1. Financial Accounting

a) Accounting for intra-Group transactions

In recent years, several developmentsat the European level have led to in-creased discussion of accounting rulesfor intra-group transactions or related-partytransactions.Oneofthesefactorswas the CJEU’s decision in the GIMLEcase which addressed the recognitionand valuation of the transfer of sharesbetween a shareholder and a companyif this transfer is deliberately executedat under-value.While the CJEU had noissuewithaccepting suchanerroneoustransaction, the outcome runs into thefaceof several accountingprinciples, inparticular the necessity to distinguishbetween capital contributions (gener-ated by the shareholder) and businessprofits(generatedbythecorporation).Inaclear-cutcasenoteontheGIMLEjudg-ment, the inherentflawsof theCourt’sreasoning were exposed both from acomparative law perspective and froman EU law perspective. There is strongevidencethattheCJEUhastogodeeperintothesubjectmatter(Schön).

Moreover,adoctoralthesisthatisclosetocompletionisdevotedtothe“disclo-sureofrelatedpartytransactionsinthefinancial statements of a corporation”(Andrianesis). Thiswork focuses on theconnection of intra-group transactionsthat have not been concluded undernormal market conditions with the


bysection268subsection8of theGer-manCommercialCode(HGB).Theprovi-sionwasenactedin2008tryingtoalignnational accounting with internationalstandards(suchasUS-GAAPor IFRS). Inpractice,thisrulegaverisetoanumberofproblemsthatareanalysedcompara-tively in this researchwork. Theauthorparticularly focuses on the accountinglaw inCalifornia thatwassimilar to theGerman provision. In 2011, the Califor-nianlegislatoraddressedproblemscom-parable to those existing in Germany.The doctoral thesis aims at proposingsolutionstoissuesraisedbytheGermanaccountingrules.

c) Auditor Rules in europe

InNovember2011, the EuropeanCom-mission published legislative draftsproposing radical reforms for statutoryaudits in Europe, fuelling heated politi-cal and academic debates. One seniorresearch fellow of the Institute (Hell-gardt) participated in a joint paper inwhichcornerstonesforanewregulatoryframework of auditingwere presented.This paper contributes to the ongoingdebateontheroleofauditorsandtheirindependence.

2. capital Markets Law

a) General Aspects of financial mar-ket Regulation

Thefinancialcrisisrevealedmajorprob-lemsintheregulationandmanagementoffinancialinstitutionsacrosstheworld.Accordingtooneseniorresearchfellow(Hellgardt),itisremarkablethatthegen-eraldiscussionaboutreformingfinancialregulationisfocusedonthesubstantivestandards to be established with newrules while neglecting the problem ofchoosing the right regulatory instru-ments. This articleanalyses the relativestrengths andweaknesses of four basicinstrumentsoflawenforcement-admin-istrative sanctions, civil liability, correc-tivetaxationandcriminalsanctions–andemploysacost-benefitanalysis. It turnsout that civil liability – while limited initsscope–exhibitsthebestcost-benefitratio. Criminal law, by contrast, seemsvery inefficient. Administrative law andcorrectivetaxationcomeinsecondbest.However,accordingtothispaper,there-turnfromusingtheseinstrumentshastobeassessedonacase-by-casebasis.

b) capital Market Liability

OnepieceofresearchworkanalysesthestandardsofEuropeanUnion lawasre-gardscapitalmarketliabilityanditscon-sequencesforGermanlaw(Hellgardt).Sofar, the discussion has centred on the few provisionsdemandingcivillawremedies,such as Art. 6 ProspectusDirective andArt. 7 TransparencyDirective. However,thepapershowsthattheCJEUcase-lawmandates far-reaching private rights of

CarloPohlhausen

unternehmens- finanzierung am

Kapitalmarkt in den arabischen staaten

MohrSiebeckXXXII+796p.


actioneven infieldsof law thatdonotcontainanyexplicitprovisiononliability.Thisisespeciallyrelevantforallformsofmandated disclosure in European capi-talmarket law. Furthermore, the paperanalyses the consequences of the draftmarketabuseregulationforprivaterem-ediesinGermany.Asincompetitionlaw,unificationmightboostprivaterightsofactionalsoincapitalmarketlaw.Ontheoccasionofthejudgementoncivilliabil-ityoftheIKB-bankforamisleadingpressstatement disguising its involvement inriskyU.S. subprimemortgages, one pa-peranalysesthedecisionoftheGermanFederalCourtoncapitalmarket liability(Hellgardt).Thepaperraisestwoconcep-tualissuesemanatingfromtheSupremeCourt’s case-law: There seems to be acontradiction between the protectivescopeoftheprovisionsoncapitalmarketliability,whichaimtoprotectonlymon-etary interests, and their applicationbytheFederalCourt,whichemphasisesthefreedom tomake investment decisions.Also, the IKB-judgement has obscuredtherelationshipbetweenliabilityforthepublication of misleading informationand liability for theomission tomakearequired disclosure. Another article inthis area analyses the law on liabilityfor misleading information to investors(especially formisleadingprospectuses)outside the organised capital markets(Hellgardt). At the beginning, the case-law of the Federal Court in Karlsruhedominatedthisfieldoflaw,butinrecentyears the legislator passed several stat-utescontainingprovisionswhichdivergesubstantially from prior court-rulings.Nevertheless,theSupremeCourtcontin-uestoissuejudgementsonthelawprior

to the enactment of the statutes, with-out taking even notice of the fact thatonlyashorttimeafterthecaseontrial,the legal framework changed dramati-cally.Againstthisbackgroundthepapertakesafunctionalapproachtomergethedivergent sets of rules into one singlestandard forcapitalmarket liabilityout-side the stock exchanges. In particular,two areas are examined: Which pieces of information may constitute liability?Whowillbeliable?

One doctoral thesis analyses the per-sonal scope of the prospectus liabilityundersections21etseq.oftheGermanSecurities Prospectus Act (WpPG) and20 et seq. of the German InvestmentAct(VermAnlG)(Schroeder).Oneofthiswork’smajorresearchquestionsiswhichpersonsinvolvedinanIPOorcapital in-creasethatrequireaprospectusshouldbeheldliablefromaneconomicpointofview. The author develops his own ap-proach; this is done by transferring thepredominant view of the German courts and the relevant legal literature that isexpressedinthecontextofduediligencetothecontextofthepersonalscopeandused it for the determination of the li-

Angelika Meindl-Ringler (left), Marta Oliveros Castelon (middle), and Julian Schroeder (right) in September 2013.


Abuse Directive (Hellgardt). Geltl con-cernedthestep-downofMr.Schrempp, the former CEO of DaimlerChrysler,whichallegedlywasreportedtoolatetothe capitalmarkets. The judgement re-jectedtheviewoftheGermanSupremeCourt(BGH)thatsituationsdescribedas“protracted processes” warrant a spe-cificinterpretationofthenotionofinsideinformation.Thepaperhighlightsseveralimportant outcomes of the case: First,theCJEUclarifiedthatadhocdisclosuresaccording to Article 6(1) Market AbuseDirectiveareameanstopreventinsiderdealing,and,hence,thenotionofinsideinformationmustnotbeinterpreteddif-ferentlyinthecontextofsuchdisclosureduties.Second,thepaperarguesthatthenotionof“intermediatesteps”inalargerdecision process is conceptually flawedand not supported by the mechanisms ofinformationprocessingincapitalmar-kets. Finally, the paper stresses the im-portance of distinguishing between theconcepts of “precise information” and“potentialpriceeffects”inthedefinitionofinsideinformation.

d) transfer of Securities

The UNIDROIT Convention on Substan-tive Rules for Intermediated Securitieswasadoptedin2009tocreateacommonlegalframeworkfortheholding,transferand collateralisation of intermediatedsecurities. In modern security markets,certificated securities are displaced byelectronic book-entries in security ac-counts held with financial intermediar-ies and transferred electronically. Thelegal concepts of the contracting states

able persons. The economic analysis aswellas theauthor’sownapproach leadtotheconclusionthattheissuer,thepar-ticipating investment bank, the auditorandalso themanagingdirectors shouldbeheld liable,providedthat theyactedat leastwithgrossnegligence regardingthe untrue statement or the omission in the prospectus. Under certain circum-stances, thesameapplies totheparentcompanyand/orthemajorshareholder.AnotherpieceofresearchworkdiscussestheGreeklegalframeworkofclaimsfordamages of the minority shareholdersofalistedcompanyinthecaseswhereapersonillegallydidnotfileamandatorybidasitwassupposedto(Andrianesis).

Common Market Law Review 50/2013, including Alexander Hellgardt‘s article “The Notion of Inside Information in the Market Abuse Directive“.

c) Market Abuse

OnepieceofresearchreviewstheCJEU’sGeltl-judgement, in which the Courtruledonthenotionofinsideinformationaccording to Article 1(1) of theMarket


4. corporate Law

a) fundamentals

In the reporting period, a major pieceof literature on fundamental aspects ofcorporatelawwascompletedandtrans-formed into a book publication jointlywith co-authors from the Max PlanckInstituteinHamburgandseveraluniver-sities.Thisbookismeanttoaddressfromfirstprinciplesthequestionofhowtode-signtheregulatoryframeworkforclosedcompanies. While the concept and thechallengesofpubliccompaniesarewide-ly researched (in particular in the U.S.andintheUK),closedcompanies–rang-ingfromfamily-ownedbusinessto jointventures and private-equity firms – arerarelyaddressedinasystematicmanner.One author (Schön) drafted the book’schapter on creditor protection, takinginto account the interaction betweenshareholders and directors which is farmore dangerous for creditors in closedcompaniesthaninpubliccompanies.Theworkisinformedbyeconomicunderpin-nings of creditor protection, the ena-bling functionof corporate lawand theincentiveeffectsoflegalsafeguardswithregardtoanoptimalallocationofcorpo-rateassets (includinganoptimal choiceofcorporaterisk).Inthisvein,corporatelawhastobealignedwithinsolvencylawwhichbringsaboutspecificissuesofad-ministrativepowers(shareholders,direc-tors,outsideexecutors)and trusteeship(forthecreditors,fortheshareholdersorforwhom)?

Thebookwhichhasbeenpublishedbothin German and in English has been se-lectedin2014asoneofthe“legalbooks

of the Convention differ considerablyfromeachother:somejurisdictions(e.g.Germany)stillapplytraditionalpropertylawconceptswhichfocusonthesecuritycertificate,theinvestoristreatedasthelegal owner of the security and has adirect legal relationshipwith the issuerwhereas the intermediary has no legaltitle to the securities. In other jurisdic-tions (e.g. Great Britain) the legal rela-tionshipoftheinvestorwiththeissuerisdisrupted in the system of intermediated securitiesanddisplacedbyrightsoftheinvestor against his intermediary. TheGeneva Securities Convention aims atharmonisingtherulesonintermediatedsecurities and therebymaximising legalcertainty without interfering with thedifferent legal concepts of thememberstates(functionalapproach).Inonedoc-toralthesis,theauthoranalysestowhatextenttherulesontransfer,innocentac-quisition,collateralisationandpriorityinthe Convention increase legal certaintyon the one hand, and are compatiblewiththecorrespondingrulesinGermanyand the United Kingdom on the otherhand(Risch).

3. Partnership Law

Ithasbeenmentionedthatpartnershiplaw is one of the current mainstays ofthe department’s research. The exten-sive work done in the context of civilpartnerships and commercial partner-ships–bothwith regard to theaspectsofprivatelawandaccountinglaw–wassummarisedabove(II.2.).


oftheyear”,arareaccoladegrantedonlytoveryfewpublicationsacrossallfieldsoflawinGermany.

b) Aspects of european Corporate Law

Like in the areas of accounting andtaxation, somemajor publications havebeen devoted to fundamental aspectsof European Company Law. In 2012,the CJEU delivered its landmark judg-ment in “VALE”where itwas held thata company established in oneMember

for corporate mobility in the EuropeanUnion as established by the strand ofjurisprudence from 1988 to 2012 andendorsedthemoveoftheCJEUtowardsto shareholder-friendly system whereregulatory competition and free move-mentsupersedeprotectionistlegislationintheMemberStates.Atthesametime,thejurisprudenceoftheCJEUleavesittotheMemberStatestodefinethetypesofcompaniesavailableunderdomesticlawand therefore does not interfere funda-mentally with the power to legislate inthisarea(Schön).

A follow-up aspect to the freedom oflegislators in the area of company law(outsideharmonisedfields likeaccount-ing, disclosure or capital maintenance)concernstheconceptoflimitedliability.ArecentdecisionoftheCJEUintheIdry-ma TypoucasegaverisetothequestionwhetherMember States are obliged bytheEuropeanTreatiesandundersecond-ary law to introduce at least one legalform offering limited liability tomarketcitizensandtowhatextenttheyareenti-tledtowithdrawthisprivilegeforcertaincases. It turns out thatMember Statesenjoyalargeamountofdiscretioninthisareabut theyhave to offer amenu foreconomicactorstoengageincross-bor-der business both in an unincorporated and an incorporated fashion. To a cer-taindegree,measuresofgrouplawandsimilar regimeswhich lift the corporateveilhavetobejustifiedinthelightoftheInternalMarket(Schön).

OnepieceofresearchdealswitharecentECJ decision on international jurisdic-tion foractionsconcerningdirectors’or

GregorBachmannHorstEidenmüller

AndreasEngertHolgerFleischer

WolfgangSchön(eds.)

Rechtsregeln für die geschlossene Kapital-

gesellschaft

ZGRSpecialVolumeDe Gryuter

235p.

State is entitled to seek transformationinto the legal form offered by anotherMemberState.Thestateofdestinationisobligedtoallowtheforeignentitythischange of legal form along the lines ofthose transformation rules which areapplicable for domestic transactions.This judgment marks the final word inasagawhichbeganin1988withthefa-mous“DailyMail” judgmentandwhichhasbeenmonitoredinwritingsfromtheDepartment ever since. In an extensive case note to “VALE” the Department’sdirector laidoutthegeneralframework


shareholders’liability(Osterloh-Konrad).Suchactionsareoftencloselyconnectedtoinsolvencyproceedingsandthereforeraise questions about the scope of thevis attractiva concursus under Art. 3(1)EC Insolvency Regulation. Furthermore,incaseswhereshareholdersordirectorsaremadeliableforaclaimoriginatinginacontractbetweentheinsolventcompa-nyandtheplaintiff,thedemarcationlinebetween “matters relating to contract”and“mattersrelatingtotort”undertherulesof international jurisdictioncomesinto play. In the ÖFAB case, the Courtmade important clarifications on thesematters. In line with prior decisions onrelatedmatters,ittakesafunctionalap-proach: to determine which court has jurisdiction,onehastolookattheaimoftheactionasawhole(including itspro-cedural framework),notprimarily at itssourceinsubstantivelaw.ThisfunctionalperspectivecontributestoEuropeanhar-monisationbecauseitallowsforidenticaltreatmentoffunctionallyequivalentlegalinstrumentseveniftheirlegalclassifica-tionindifferentMemberStatesdiverges.ThearticlecommentsontheapplicationofthisapproachintheÖFABcaseandex-ploresitsrelevanceforcasesofdirectors’or shareholders’ liability under Germancompanyandinsolvencylaw.

c) Managers’ Duties in the Area of tax planning

Corporate tax avoidance has probablynever received as wide attention as inthepastfewyears.Itisnolongeratopicfiercely debated only by governmentsandtaxauthorities.Throughtheworkof

a number of non-governmental organi-sations, includingreligiousones,andanunprecedentedlevelofmediacoverage,interest for the topic has reached the generalpublicandgeneratedpolemicde-bates,also in theacademiccommunity.Opponents toaggressive tax-minimisingbehaviour on the part of corporations,especiallymultinationals,oftenappealtocorporatesocialresponsibilityandtheal-legedneedforcorporationstopaytheirfair share of taxes in each country where theyoperate.Defenders,andinparticu-larmanycorporatemanagers,claimlegalavoidance of taxes is consistent with and requiredfrommanagers’dutytomaxim-iseshareholdervalue.

This topicwasanalysedwith respect toGerman law in an article authored bytheDepartment’s director (Schön).Oneongoingdoctoralresearchworkreachesinto the corporate laws in the UnitedKingdom, United States, Germany andBrazil, examining possible sources for a

ZGR 41/2012, including Christine Oster-loh-Konrad‘s article “Gefährdet “Empty Voting” die Willensbildung in der Akti-engesellschaft?”


Law (Poschenrieder). When a companyissues shares, the investor has to pay uptheparvalueofthoseshares–sharecapital–andisoftenaskedforanaddi-tional capital contribution – share pre-mium (“Agio”). The European DirectiveonCapitalProtectionextendssomeofitsrulesontheprotectionofsharecapitaltosharepremiums,butnotallofthem.ThisnarrowscopehasbeencriticisedinEng-lishlegalwritingasbeingincoherentandirrational. English company law makesvery little difference both between thelegaltreatmentofsharecapitalandsharepremium, and between private limitedandpubliccompanies.Germancompanylaw takes a place somewhere betweenEnglishandEuropeanCompanyLaw.Forpubliccompaniesitbringsintolinemost,butnotallof the rulesonsharecapitalandsharepremium.Forprivatecompa-nies it does not regulate premiums atall.Thedoctoralthesisfocusesonthesethree very different approaches on theregulationof share premiums and aimstoinvestigatetherationalebehindeveryapproach and the coherence of the cho-sen system.

In 2009, theGerman legislator enactedlaw concerning hidden contributions inkind.Onepaperdiscussestheissuesthataroseafterenactmentofthenewprovi-sionsonhiddencontributionsinkindforGerman stock-companies (section 27subsection3oftheGermanstockcorpo-ration law–AktG) (Andrianesis). Impor-tantly, the provision states that share-holdersdonothaveanyvotingrightsinthe generalmeeting if the value of theassetfinallycontributedfalls“obviously”short of the original obligation to con-

dutytotaxplanningstemmingfromthisareaof lawandhowthespecificdutiesowedbymanagersfunctiontofosterorrefraincorporate taxavoidance (Mosta-catto).Theresultswillshedsomelightonhowmanagersarelegallyboundtocausethe corporations organised under thelawof thesecountries tobehave in thetaxrealm,beingofinteresttomanagersthemselves, policy makers, regulatorybodies, activists and non-governmentalorganisationsactiveinthisarea.Itshouldalsoserveasastartingpointforfurtherin-depth analyses of the laws of othercountries in this respect, thus assistinginternalandinternationalpolicydebates.

d) issues of capital protection

One ongoing doctoral thesis deals withcapitalprotectionof sharepremiums inGerman,EnglishandEuropeanCompany

Bianca Mostaccatto (left) presenting first research findings during the poster session of the Scientific Advisory Board Meeting in July 2012.


Vii General Private Law

1. General Aspects

A comparative piece with a historicaldimensionwasapaperdeliveredattheObligationsVIIConferenceinHongKongin July 2014 (Häcker). The conferencewas dedicated to exploring divergencesand convergences between the privatelaw of different common law systemsthroughout the world. Drawing on theexperience of the European Ius Com-mune, the paper sought to identify thekinds of factors which tend to make agroupofmoreorlesscloselyrelatedlegalsystemsconvergeordiverge,asthecasemaybe,andtothinkaboutthosefactorsin the context of the modern common law.Itconcludedthatthecodificationofnationallawwas,byandlarge,oneofthestrongest forces for divergence, in thatit was likely to stiflemutual awarenessand intellectual exchange between thesystems. Against this background, har-monisation measures at the Europeanlevel,especiallycallsforthecompilationandenactmentofawholesaleEuropeanCivilCode,shouldbeamatterofinterestnotonlyforEnglishandIrishlawyers,butought tocommandtheattentionof theentirecommonlawworld.

The balancing of private interests hashithertobeenseenastheprimarytaskofprivatelaw.However,oneongoingmajorresearchproject is aiming to show thatprivate law is better conceived of as atoolwhichthelegislatormayusetoreg-ulateeconomyorsociety (Hellgardt). Inthis respect, private law competeswith

tribute in cash. The imposition of sucha vague legal term can have detrimen-taleffectsonthevalidityof thegeneralmeeting resolutions. It is also doubtfulthatthenewprovisionscomplywiththeEuropeanlaw.Thepermissiontofulfilapromise tocontributecashat thestageoftheformationofthecompanyorforacapitalraisewitha(hidden)contributioninkindisnotinlinewiththestrictformalprovisionsoftheseconddirectiveaboutcontributionsinkind.

e) contracting Around Directors’ Liability

One doctoral research project that fo-cusedontheliabilityofdirectorsofstockcorporations (Aktiengesellschaften) un-derGermanstockcorporationlaw(AktG)wascompletedduringthereportingpe-riod(Eßwein).TheresearchunfoldsthatalthoughthereseemstoexistlittleroomtoarrangetheliabilityofdirectorsunderGerman stock corporation law, there isthe possibility of contractual solutions.The work examines several contractualarrangements which are interesting inthe context of designing or modifyingdirector’s liability. After comparing theliabilityofdirectorsunderGermanstockcorporation lawwith the liability of di-rectorsofaDelawareCorporationunderDGCL, current proposals for reform areexaminedandevaluated.Finally,theau-thordevelopsanewsystemforindemni-ficationunderGermanstockcorporationlaw.


criminal lawandadministrativelawandserves the public interest. A new con-cept of private law not only challengesjurisprudential theories but also entailsimportant consequences for legislationandlegalpractice.

2. Contract Law

a) Rules on contract Formation, conclusion and validation

OnepaperanalyseswhetherunderGer-manlawtherulesoncontractformation,conclusion, and validity are mandatoryorcanbechangedbyframeworkagree-mentsorbyprivatemarketrules–suchasstockexchangerulesortheeBayuseragreement(Hellgardt).First, it isshownthat – even though a contract cannotprovidefortheconditionsofitsownva-lidity–thegeneralrulesofcontractfor-mationarenotmandatory, i.e.theycanbe changed by preceding agreements.However, the limits howmuchone can

change the rules of contract formationvarysubstantially,dependingonthekindof framework agreement. Frameworkagreements between the parties of thesubsequent contracts are much more restricted(e.g.bytherulesgoverningthepermissiblecontentofstandardformcon-tracts) than privatemarket rules,whichare promulgated by an independentthird(though:private)party.Thereviewofsuchmarketrulesfollowsproceduresknownfromtheconflict-of-lawscontext.This means that the reasonableness ofsuch rules isnotpartof the reviewbutonlywhethertheresultsachievedviolatethestate’spublicpolicy(“ordrepublic”).This isonly thecase if the rules lead toacontracteventhoughnoresponsibilitycanbe traced to either party.Also, it ispossible to usemarket rules to expandthe parties’ rights to rescind contractsbeyond the statutory provisions.

b) termination of Loan contracts

The principle of pacta sunt servanda is one of the foundations of Germanprivate law. Yet, in 1997, the FederalCourtofJusticeoverruleditbyallowingdebtors to walk away from long-term,fixed-interest-ratemortgagesiftheyhada legitimate interest in doing so, albeitthattheywerenotentitledtoterminatethemortgageaccordingtotheapplicablestatutory provisions. The creditors were compensatedbymeansofanearlyrepay-mentchargethatwascalculatedaccord-ingtotheprinciplesgoverningthelawofdamages. Although this spectacular actofjudiciallawmakinggaverisetofiercecriticismbymanyacademics,thelegisla-

Archiv für die civilistische Praxis 213/2013 with Alexander Hellgardt‘s article “Privatautonome Modifikation der Regeln zu Abschluss, Zustandekom-men und Wirksamkeit des Vertrags”.


tor embedded these principles in para.490(2)oftheGermancivilcodeonlyfouryears later, in the context of a generaloverhaul of the law of obligations. Theprovision, however, was badly draftedandincreasedratherthanreducedlegaluncertainty, thus highlighting the dan-gersofaprecipitatedcodificationoftheresultsof judicial lawmaking. The rightto terminate mortgages prematurely iscommonlyregardedasaninstrumentofconsumer protection. However, this isnotlinewiththewordingofpara.490(2),whichclearlyshowsthatthescopeofap-plicationoftherighttoearlyterminationis not limited to consumers, andwhichrequiresafullcompensationofanydam-agesufferedbythecreditor–makingapotential protection of the consumerlargely nominal. In particular after asteepdecline in interestrates,theearlyrepaymentchargemayeasilyamounttomorethan10%oftheoutstandingdebt.Unsurprisingly, thus, consumer protec-tion bodies routinely complain abouttheprovision and its applicationby thecourts.Againstthisbackground,itseemsmore convincing to regard § 490(2) asimplementing the principle of “efficientbreach” – which is generally alien toGermanprivatelaw–inthespecificandlimited context of the early repaymentoflongtermfixed-interest-rateloancon-tracts.Thisqualificationhasimplicationsbothforthescopeofapplicationoftheprovision and for the calculation of theearly repayment charge. These findingswere presented at the 25th annual con-vention of young private law scholarsfromAustria, Germany and Switzerlandandwillbepublished in theconferencevolumein2015(Röder).

3. Damage claims, compensation and unjust enrichment

a) Advisor’s Liability

Atopicwhichwasinspiredbytaxlawbutwhichisdeeplyengrainedinprivatelaw,concernstheliabilityoftaxandlegalad-visers fornegligencewith regard to theprospectiveoutcomeofacaseincourtorbeforeapublicauthority.Itissettledjuris-prudenceoftheFederalSupremeCourtinKarlsruhethatthedutiesoftheadvi-sorhavetobejudgedonanexanteba-sis,takingintoaccountthejurisprudenceof theday and thepredicted reasoningofthecourtsandauthoritieswhichwerepresumedtodealwiththecase.Itisalsosettled jurisprudence that theexistenceofadamagesclaimhastobejudgedonanexpostbasis,i.e.takingintoaccountthe legal reasoning of the court whichis going to decide on themerits of thedamages claim.Anymismatchbetweenthe ex ante view on a specific factualand legalproblemandtheexpostviewon the same factual and legal problemwillgotothedetrimentoftheclaimantaseither therewillbenonegligenceorthere will be nomaterial damage. This

Alexander Hellgardt


wronglyinpossessionoftheassetactu-allyhas–orshouldhave–madeofit.Forthe first position, the ownermay claimdamages–butgenerallyonly if there isan element of fault present. The situa-tionismorecomplicatedwithregardtothe second position. As a comparativeanalysis reveals, the solutions adoptedinFrance, theUK, theUSandGermanydifferwidely.Howtomakeupfortheusevalueofanassetenjoyedbyapersonnotentitledtoitisofparticularrelevanceinthe event of the rescission or termina-tion of a contract. Under the GermanCivil Code, subject to the reasonwhyacontractisunwound,threedifferentsetsof rules may be applicable that exhibitsome degree of inconsistency. In addi-tion, theprovisions of theGerman civilcodeonusevaluecompensationrelyonthe out-dated concept that a certainbenefitorproduce is inherent toa cer-taintypeofasset,for instanceanappletoanappletreeorapiglettoasow.Asthis ignores, interalia,thatmanyassetsarehighlyfungibleandthattheconcretebenefitderivedfromtheuseofanassetmight,toalargeextent,betheresultoftheingenuityandtheeffortsoftheper-son using it, the outcome of the statu-toryprovisionsisnotalwaysconvincing.Apost-doctoralresearchprojectaimsatidentifying criteria for a coherent andrational systemofusevaluecompensa-tionthatcouldbeimplementedde lege ferenda(Röder).

c) unjust enrichment

Comparativeresearchintocoreareasofprivate law resulted in various publica-

jurisprudence is heavily criticised in anarticleforthcominginacollectedvolume(Schön)whichshowsthatthisisnotonlybad law but also bad economics, giventhe reduced incentive effect of liabilityrulesbasedonnegligence.

b) compensation for the “Use value” of Assets

Theusevalueof anassetbecomes rel-evant where the person holding legaltitle to the asset and the person usingthe asset are not identical.Where thissituationarisesbecauseof a leaseor aloancontract,theowneriscompensatedby means of the rent or the interest that bothpartieshaveagreedupon. If,how-ever,thepersonusingtheasset is–forwhatever reason – not entitled to doso, the question ariseswhether and towhatextenttherightfulownermay–inaddition to the restorationof the asset(wherepossible)–alsoclaimcompensa-tion for itsusevalue. In that respect,adistinctionhastobedrawnbetweentheuse that the owner would have madeof the asset had he or she not been de-prived of it, and the use that the person

Erik Röder


centuries – and using bequests as un-derstoodincommonlawjurisdictionsasa point of contrast and comparison, the aimoftheprojectistobetterunderstandthe legalanddoctrinal structuresdefin-ingthethree-party-relationshipbetweenthetestator,hisheirandthelegatee. Inthis way, it seeks to elucidate the waylegacies operate in thebroader contextandtoexplorethescopeandboundariesoftheusestowhichtheymaylegitimate-lybeputbymoderndraftingpractice.

One article dealing with the law oflegacies in historical and comparativeperspective, which has already beenpublished (Häcker), is a contribution tothevolumemarkingthe60th birthday of ProfessorDr.Dr.h.c.mult.ReinhardZim-mermann,DirectorattheMaxPlanckIn-stituteforComparativeandInternationalPrivate Law inHamburg. It concernsanearly18th century litigationarising fromthebequestbyChristopherCodrington,sometimeGovernor of Barbados, to AllSoulsCollegeintheUniversityofOxfordofhisbookcollectionaswellasthesumof£10,000toenablethebuildingofanewlibrary. Besides revealing a fascinating

tions surveying larger problem areas.For instance, one was a contributionto an international symposium on therecent US Restatement Third: Restitu-tion and Unjust Enrichment, examiningthe Restatement’s position with regardto the question of direct and indirectenrichment at the claimant’s expensein three-party scenarios (Häcker). Thekey to solving many such cases lies inidentifying who has been enriched, i.e.theproperdefendant to anaction, andat whose expense the enrichment came, i.e. theproper claimant tobring it. Thepaper concludes that although the Re-statementprovidedawholehostofex-amples dealing with specific situations,there were a number of inconsistencies inthetheoreticalapproachunderlyingitstreatment, so that definitive structuralpropositionscouldnotbedecuced.

4. civil Law of Succession

Ontheprivate lawside,apost-doctoralresearch project on succession law iscurrentlymid-way (Häcker). It concernsthe law of legacies and the role theyplay asmechanisms of estate planning.Althoughmany legacies today still taketheclassicformofthetestatorleavingtoarelativeorfriendaspecificassetwhichformspartofhisestate(andwhichuponhis death passes to the heir by virtue of the principle of ‘universal succession’),others are more in the nature of toolsintended to circumvent or modify par-ticularruleswhichwouldotherwiseholdsway.Lookingatthehistoricalgenesisofthisfieldoflaw–fromitsRomanoriginsto developments in the 19th and 20th

(left to right): Birke Häcker, Thomas Po-schenrieder, Chiara Balbinot, and Chri-stine Watzinger, September 2013.


storybehindthescenesofthelitigation,the article explores the multi-facettedlegal background to the interpretativequestionwhichthejudgehadtoanswer,namely:didCodrington’sbequestrelateonlytobookswhichformedpartofthecollectionwhenthewillwasmade,ordiditalsoextendtothoseacquiredforhimbyhisagentsrightuptothetimeofhisdeath?

Oneresearchprojectdealsindepthwitha particular legal problem concerningthe legal position of reversionary heirs(Nacherben) under German inheritancelaw(Osterloh-Konrad).Ifthetestatorap-pointsoneor several reversionaryheirsunderuncertainconditions, the identityof the final heir often remains unclearforalongtimeafterthetestator’sdeath,sometimes for decades.During this pe-riod, the preliminary heir (Vorerbe) istherightfulowneroftheestate,buthisfreedom to dispose is limited by vari-ous rights granted to the reversionaryheir.But–whoisthereversionaryheir?Should everyone who might possiblyinherit have the same rights vis-à-visthe preliminary heir or does the legalpositionofapotentialreversionaryheirdepend on the probability of him be-coming thefinal heir oronwhetherheisappointedasasubstitute foranother–the“primary”–reversionaryheir?Thearticlepointsoutwhy it ispossibleandadequate to distinguish betweendiffer-entgroupsofpotentialheirsandanaly-ses their respective legal positions. Itarguesthatthecurrentapproachtotheproblemgivesundueweighttolegaldefi-nitionswhichactuallyonlyexist for thesakeofgivinganametowhatthetesta-

tor wants. Instead, distinction betweendifferenttypesofreversionaryheirscanonlybegroundedontheindividualtesta-tor’swillandhavetobejustifiedbyrefer-encetohisintentions.

Building on previous research activitiesin the field of private law informationduties,onememberoftheInstitutehaswritten a two-part article dealing withinformation duties in inheritance law(Osterloh-Konrad). In inheritance cases,suchdutiesareofparticularimportancegiventhefrequencyofinformationasym-metriesafteraperson’sdeath.Thefirstpart of the article gives an overviewofthedifferentlegalsourcesofinformationdutiesininheritancecases.Itsmainfocusliesondutiesfoundedontheprincipleofgood faith, which German courts havefrequently used to complement statu-toryinstruments.Thesecondpartdealswith particular legal problems concern-ing information duties and with someparadigmatic cases. One key aspect oftheanalysis are thepossibilities for theplaintiff, or rather the lack thereof, toverify the information given to him bythedefendant.German lawwidely failsto adequately address the undoubtableneed for verification because, in mostcases, theplaintiff isnotentitledtoaskfordocumentalevidenceconcerningtheinformationgivenbythedefendant.

The samemember of the Institute hasupdated her contributions to commen-taries and a practitioners’ handbookon issues of civil procedure raised byinheritance cases (Osterloh-Konrad; seeResearchReport2010–2011,p.60).


5. various comparative pieces

One contribution expressly adopting acomparative and historical viewpointwaswritten for the volume commemo-ratingthelateLordRodgerofEarlsferry,formerlyLordofAppealinOrdinaryandJustice of the recently established UKSupreme Court (Häcker). Inspired byhis academic work on the relationshipbetween neighbouring land owners inRoman law, it investigated the – some-timeconflicting–principlesinplaywhenthe law determines disputes betweenneighbours pertaining to trees standingon or near the boundary of their land.Questions such as who owns the tree,the neighbours’ rights and duties withrespecttooverhangingbranchesandthefruit thereon, theproblemofencroach-ingroots,andtherighttolight,allyield-edabroadpanoramaofdifferentcivilianandcommonlawapproaches.

A number of smaller contributions onspecific decisions rounded off the Insti-tute’s engagement with foreign privatelawinthecontextofthewiderresearchagenda.Twotooktheformofcasenotespublished in the prestigious Law Quar-terly Review,oneintheareaofwillsandsuccession,theotherontheinterplayofcontractandpropertylaw(Häcker).Thethird arose from a decision of the UKSupreme Court concerning the circum-stances underwhich a voluntary settle-mentcouldbesetasideonthebasisthatit had been established under an erro-neousassumptionabout itstax implica-tions.TheCourtruledthat–inthepar-ticularcircumstancesofthecase–therehadbeena‘sufficientlyserious’mistake

oftaxlaw,suchthatitwouldbe‘uncon-scionable’ to let the disposition stand.Therathervaguecriteriaputforwardbythisdecisionandtheirpotentialramifica-tionsweresubjectedtoacriticalreviewin an invited Current Legal Problems lectureentitled‘MistakenGiftsafterPitt v Holt’atUniversityCollege,London, inFebruary2014,whichwassubsequentlypublished in the lecture series’ annualvolume(Häcker).

Viii european monetary union and european Banking Law

The subject of the doctoral thesis thatwasfinalised in2014 is the legalaspectof the design of a payment system op-erated by the Euro system (Watzinger).This thesis gives an outline of the his-toric and legal backgroundof theEuro-

Student assistants currently at the De-partment include (left to right): Bene-dikt Lukas, Jan Lukas Rausch, and Vera Gentner.


pean Monetary Union (EMU) and theinstitutional framework with respect tothe common currency and the payment system of the Euro system. Next, thekey economic concepts are presentedtoprovideanunderstandingoftheeco-nomic consequences of the design andoperationofapaymentsystem.Startingfromthefoundationsandthedefinitionsof thekey terminology the functionsofpayment systems, principles and risksthat occur in the course of operating apayment system are explained. The ex-periences with cross border payments since the 1930s are described to showhow the treatment of transactions hasdeveloped. The legal framework of thecurrent payment system operated by theEurosystem,TARGET2,providesthebasisforalegalanalysis.Inthecourseofcross border payments, so called TAR-GET2,balancescanarise.Forthisreason,TARGET2hasbeencriticisedbyGermaneconomists.Thefollowinglegalanalysis,especiallyregardingtheTARGET2imbal-ances and the consequences of a with-drawal or expulsion from the EuropeanUnion and EMU, touches on aspects ofEuropeanlaw,aswellasGermanconsti-tutional law.Theanalysisalso takes thejurisprudence of the ECJ and the Ger-man Constitutional Court into account.The thesis concludes that thedesignofTARGET2, and especially the TARGET2balances,doesnotviolateEuropeanlaworGermanconstitutionallaw.

During the recent financial crisis, theEuropean Central Bank has played akey role. Its response to the financialproblemsofthememberstatesledtoanumber of unconventionalmeasures in

theEuroarea,whichdidnotfindtheap-provalofallmemberstates.Asthecur-rentOMT-caseshows,thesenewmeas-ures of the ECB can be subject to bothnationalandEuropeanjudicialcontrol.AnewdoctoralresearchprojectthereforetriestoanalysetheindependenceoftheECB within the European and nationallegal framework. The degree of judicialcontrolshallespeciallybeamajorpartoftheresearchproject(Dietz).

When the new European Account Pres-ervationOrderwas still at theproposalstage,onearticlesubjectedtheCommis-sion’sfirstdrafttoacriticalexamination(Häcker). The Regulation establishes amechanism by which creditors who fear that they may not be able to recovercross-border debts can apply to courtforaninterimfreezingorder.Fundsonadebtor’sbankaccountsinotherEurope-ancountriesarethuspreservedpendingthe outcomeof civil proceedings.How-ever, as originally drafted, the proposalwas extremely one-sided. In grantingapplicants quick and efficient redress,it failed to do justice to the legitimateinterests of the (actual or supposed)debtor. There were also concerns of amorefundamentalconstitutionalnature,especially about the extent to whichcourtsinonecountryshouldactuallybeallowedtomakewhatareeffectivelyen-forcement orders pertaining to anotherjurisdiction. The Regulation, which wassubsequently amended to take greateraccount of the debtor’s interests, cameintoforceinmid–2014.


Junior research fellows (doctoral students) of the Department in May 2015. Front row (left to right): Leopoldo Parada, Angelika Meindl-Ringler, Deborah Fries, Dina Lijic, Marta Oliveros Castelon, Martina Sunde, Bianca Mostacatto.Back row (left to right): Bernd Fluck, Stefan Kreutzer, Šime Jozipović, Christian Sternberg.

Department of Business and tax Law68


B pUBLicAtioNS, LectUReS, teAcHiNG, AND AwARDs

i publications

philipp Aigner

Books

Aigner, philipp.WegfallderEinkunftsquellebeidenKapitaleinkünften(§20EStGn.F.).DiesteuerlicheBehandlungderGesellschaftsinsolvenzunddesAusfallsderKapitalforderung,insbesonderedesGesell-schafterdarlehens.Boorberg,Stuttgart2013,260p.

Anastasios Andrianesis

JournalArticlesandNotes

Andrianesis, Anastasios.ReportontheAmendments to the Germany KapMuG. EEmpD2012,No.4,1019-1021.

Andrianesis, Anastasios. ReportonLatestGermanLegislationonFinancialRecoveryofFinancialGroupsandInstitutes.EEmpD2013,No.3,785-786.

Andrianesis, Anastasios. CashSettledEquitySwapsandtheMandatoryBid:TheCivilLawSequel.EEmpD2014,No.4,954-961.

Forthcoming

Andrianesis, Anastasios. Tax Law of Hy-drocarbons.In:HydrocarbonsLaw,NomikiBibliothiki,forthcoming.

Hugh Ault


Ault, Hugh.SomeReflectionsontheOECDandtheSourcesofInternationalTaxPrin-ciples.TaxNotesInternational70/2013,No.12,1195-1213andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2013-03(ssrn.com/abstract=2287834).

Ault, Hugh,WolfgangSchön,andStephenE.Shay.BaseErosionandProfitShifting:ARoadmapforReform.BulletinforInterna-tionalTaxation68/2014,No.6-7,275-279.

Andreas Bakrozis

ContributionsinCollectedVolumes

Bakrozis, AndreasandNataliaPaxinou.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuer-undGesellschaftsrechtGriechenlands.In:Eigen-kapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Ge-sellschaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich-Rechts-politik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,433-481.

Chiara Balbinot

Forthcoming

Balbinot, chiara.Reviewof:M.Poggioli,L’imposizioneconfiscatoria,travalutazioneastrattaemisurazioneconcreta:alcuneriflessioniinprospettivadialogica(Rivistadidirittotributario24/2014,No.2,ParteI,193-229).StuW92/2015,No.1,98-99.

69publications, Lectures, teaching, and Awards 69


Balbinot, chiaraandPhilippAigner.DieBesteuerungdesStillhaltersvonOptionsge-schäftennach§20EStG.DStR53/2015,No.5,198-204.

tobias Beuchert

Books

Beuchert, tobias.AnzeigepflichtenbeiSteu-ergestaltungen.Dr.OttoSchmidt,Cologne2012,401p.


Osterloh-Konrad,Christineandtobias Beuchert.AnzeigepflichtenbeiSteuergestal-tungeninDeutschland–ZudenaktuellenÜberlegungendesBundesratesausrechts-politischerundrechtlicherSicht. IStR23/2014,No.18,643-650.


Beuchert, tobiasandPhilippRedeker.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuerundGesell-schaftsrechtDeutschlands.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesell-schaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich-Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,289-371.

Martin J. Boer


Boer, Martin J.TheIntroductionofaFairandEfficientRegimeforFiscalUnitythatCanPreventBankruptcyofInsolventandLoss-SufferingCompanies.2012,e-JournalUniversityofGroningen/RechtenOnline.


Boer, Martin J.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuer-undGesellschaftsrechtderNieder-lande.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesellschaftsrecht-Rechtsver-gleich-Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLaw

andPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,483-540.

Discussion Papers

Boer, Martin J. AFewCommentsontheCCTB-Directive.WorkingPaper,2012(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2012276).

sara e. Dietz

Forthcoming

Dietz, Sara e.andThomasStreinz.DasMarktzugangskriteriuminderDogmatikderGrundfreiheiten,EuR50/2015,No.1,50-72.

Andreas eggert


eggert, Andreas.BehandlungvonAnteilenantransparentenUnternehmenimRahmenderGKKB.ISR2/2013,No.9,304-310.

mauritz von einem


von einem, Mauritz.TheEUInterestandRoyaltiesDirective:CurrentIssues.In:TaxAspectsofResearchandDevelopmentwithintheEuropeanUnion(eds.)W.NykielandA.Zalasinski,LEX,Warszawa2014,147-167.

Astrid erker (Roesener)


erker, Astrid.DieBusinessJudgmentRuleimHaftungsstatutdesInsolvenzverwalters.ZInsO50/2012,No.6,199-204.

erker, Astrid. Zinsschrankeundgesell-schaftsrechtlicheTreuepflicht.DStR50/2012,No.10,498-500.



Roesener, Astrid andSabineHeidenbauer.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuer-undGe-sellschaftsrechtÖsterreichs.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesell-schaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich-Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,541-592.

Deborah fries

Forthcoming

Fries, Deborah.Reviewof:Rosenbloom/Noked/Helal:TheUnrulyWorldofTax:AProposalforanInternationalTaxCoopera-tionForum(FloridaTaxReview15/2014,No.2,57).StuW92/2015,No.1,98.

Juan franch fluxà


Franch Fluxà, Juan.Tributaciónydeduc-cióndelosinteresestransfronterizosentreempresasasociadas(ComentarioalaSTJUEde21dejuliode2011,C-397/09).NoticiasdelaUniónEuropea66/2012,No.330,151-156.

christian Gárate González

Books

Gárate González, christian.Research&Development&InnovationFiscalIncentiveProvisions.Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich2014,565p.

Andreas Gerten

Books

Gerten, Andreas.AngemessenheitundSteuern-VerdeckteEinkommensverwen-dungbeiKapitalgesellschafteniminternatio- nalenVergleich,SchriftenzumGesell-

schafts-,Bilanz-undUnternehmensteuer-recht.SGBU17,PeterLang,Frankfurt2014,357p.


Gerten, Andreas,MaximilianHaag,andDanielKornack.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuer-undGesellschaftsrechtderVerein-igtenStaatenvonAmerika.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesell-schaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich-Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,775-833.

Birke Häcker

Books

Häcker, Birke. Consequences of Impaired ConsentTransfers:AStructuralComparisonofEnglishandGermanLaw.HartPublishing,Oxford2013,408p.Firstpublishedinpa-perbackbyMohrSiebeck,Tübingen2009.

Elliott,Steven,Birke HäckerandCharlesMitchell(eds.).RestitutionofOverpaidTax.HartPublishing,Oxford2013,366p.


Häcker, Birke.DiegeplanteEU-VerordnungzurgrenzüberschreitendenvorläufigenKontopfändung–EinekritischeAnalyse.Wertpapier-Mitteilungen–ZeitschriftfürWirtschafts-undBankrecht(WM)66/2012,No.46,2180-2186.

Häcker, Birke.ACaseNoteonAllSoulsCollegev.Cod[d]rington(1720).RabelsZ76/2012,No.4,1051-1077.

Häcker, Birke.TheEffectofRescissiononBonaFidePurchase.CaseNoteontheCourtofAppealDecisioninIndependentTrusteeServicesLtdv.GPNobleTrusteesLtd[2012]EWCACiv195.LawQuarterlyReview(LQR)128/2012,No.4,493-497.

Häcker, Birke.ThyWillBeDone.LawQuarterlyReview(LQR)130/2014,No.3,360–365.


Häcker, Birke.MistakenGiftsafterPittvHolt.CurrentLegalProblems67/2014, No.1,333-372.

Häcker, Birke.DasenglischeCommonLaw:Ei- neEinführung.JuS54/2014,No.10,872-876.


Häcker, Birke.‘PublicLawRestitutionaryClaims’:TheGermanPerspective.In:Res-titutionofOverpaidTax,(eds.)S.Elliott,B.Häcker,andC.Mitchell,HartPublishing,Oxford2013,239-271.

Häcker, Birke.Introduction.In:RestitutionofOverpaidTax,(eds.)S.Elliott,B.Häcker,andC.Mitchell,HartPublishing,Oxford2013,3-20.

Häcker, Birke. Direct and Indirect Enrich-mentattheClaimant’sExpenseinThree-PartyCases.In:TheRestatementThird:RestitutionandUnjustEnrichment–CriticalandComparativeEssays,(eds.)C.MitchellandW.Swadling,HartPublishing,Oxford2013,31-57.

Häcker, Birke.TreesandNeighbours.In:JudgeandJurist–EssaysinMemoryofLordRodgerofEarlsferry,(eds.)A.Burrows,D.Johnston,andR.Zimmermann,OUP,Oxford2013,591-618.

Forthcoming

Häcker, Birke.DivergenceandConvergenceintheCommonLaw–LessonsfromtheIusCommune,LQR,forthcoming.

Häcker, Birke.MinorityandUnjustEnrich-mentDefences,ContributiontoConferenceVolume:DefencesinUnjustEnrichment,(eds.)A.Dyson,J.Goudkamp,andF.Wilmot-Smith,HartPublishing,Oxford,forthcoming.

Caroline heber


Daxkobler,Katharina,KasperDziurdz,Caro-line heber,andElisabethPamperl.Tagungs-

berichtzumIFA-Kongress2013inKopenha-gen.ÖStZ66/2013,No.22,526-535.

Heber, caroline.SeminarA:Mehrwert-steuerlicheBehandlungvonAusgliederungundZusammenschlüssenzurKostenteilung.IStR23/2014,No.19,686-691.

Heber, caroline.KooperationenalsTeildernicht-wirtschaftlichenSphäre.UR63/2014,No.24,957-969.

Heber, carolineandChristianSternberg.Over-the-CounterDerivativeMarketsintheLightoftheEMIRClearingObligationsandtheFinancialTransactionTax.DerivativesandFinancialInstruments(DFI)16/2014,No.3,107-116. German version: Heber, carolineandChristianSternberg.EMIRClearingPflichtunddieFinanztransak-tionssteuer.RdF4/2014,No.3,211-220.


Heber, carolineandChristianSternberg.LegalInterpretationofTaxLawinGermany.In:LegalInterpretationofTaxLaw(SeriesonInternationalTaxation;46),(eds)R.vanBrederodeandR.Krever, KluwerLawInternational,AlphenaandenRijn2014,163-189.

Discussion Papers

Heber, carolineandChristianSternberg.MarketInfrastructureRegulationandtheFinancialTransactionTax.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-07(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2433009).

sabine heidenbauer


Heidenbauer, SabineandAstridRoesener.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuer-undGe-sellschaftsrechtÖsterreichs.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesell-schaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich-Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,


Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,541-592.

Alexander Hellgardt


Hellgardt, Alexander.EuroparechtlicheVorgabenfürdieKapitalmarktinformations-haftung–delegelataundnachInkraft-tretenderMarktmissbrauchsverordnung.AG57/2012,No.5,154-168.

Hellgardt, Alexander.Praxis-undGrund-satzproblemederBGH-RechtsprechungzurKapitalmarktinformationshaftung–ZugleichBesprechungdesIKB-UrteilsdesBGHv.13.12.2011,XIZR51/10.DB65/2012,No.12,673-678.

Hellgardt, Alexander.Vonderbürgerlich-rechtlichenProspekthaftungzurInforma-tionshaftungbeimVertriebvonVermö-gensanlagen–EineNachlesezum„RupertScholz“-UrteildesBGHvordemHintergrunddesneuenVermögensanlagegesetzes.ZBB24/2012,No.2,73-88.

Hellgardt, Alexanderetal.AuditorInde-pendenceattheCrossroads–RegulationandIncentives.EBOR13/2012,No.1,89-101.

Hellgardt, Alexander.TheNotionofInsideInformationintheMarketAbuseDirec-tive:Geltl.CommonMarketLawReview50/2013,No.3,861-874.

Hellgardt, Alexander. Privatautonome ModifikationderRegelnzuAbschluss,ZustandekommenundWirksamkeitdesVertrags–MöglichkeitundGrenzenderAbdingbarkeitder§§116ff.,145ff.BGBinnerhalbvonGeschäftsbeziehungenundaufprivatenMarktplätzen.AcP213/2013,No.5-6,760-825.


Hellgardt, Alexander.LawandDevelop-ment:VomEinflussdesZivilrechtsaufdiewirtschaftlicheEntwicklung.In:RealitätendesZivilrechts.GrenzendesZivilrechts,

JahrbuchJungerZivilrechtswissenschaftler2011,(eds.)P.Kreutz,N.Renftle,E.Faber,D.Arndt,N.Huber,H.-M.Schellhase,andM.Steuer,RichardBoorberg,Stuttgart2012,97-118.

Hellgardt, Alexander.MandatoryDisclosure(SecuritiesMarkets).In:MaxPlanckEncyclo-pediaofEuropeanPrivateLaw,Vol.II.,(eds.)J.Basedow,K.J.Hopt,andR.Zimmermann,Oxford,OUP,2012,1118-1121.

Hellgardt, Alexander.ProspectusLiability.In:MaxPlanckEncyclopediaofEuropeanPrivateLaw,Vol.II.,(eds.)J.Basedow,K.J.Hopt,andR.Zimmermann,Oxford,OUP,2012,1384-1387.

Hellgardt, Alexander.RegulierungmittelsPrivatrechts/RegulationbyMeansofPri-vateLaw.2012YearbookoftheMaxPlanckSociety(ResearchReport,http://www.mpg.de/4673878/Regulierung_Privatrecht).

Hellgardt, Alexander.ComparingApplesandOranges?Public,Private,Tax,andCrimi-nalLawinFinancialMarketsRegulation.In:LegalChallengesintheGlobalFinancialCrisis:Bail-outs,theEuroandRegulation,(eds.)W.-G.RingeandP.M.Huber:HartPublishing,Oxford2014,157-176,andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-04(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2083462).

Ringe,Wolf-Georg and Alexander Hellgardt. TransnationalIssuerLiabilityAftertheFinancialCrisis:SeekingaCoherentChoiceofLawStandard.In:ExtraterritorialityandCollectiveRedress,(eds.)D.FairgrieveandE.Lein,OUP,Oxford2012,401-430.

Interviews

Hellgardt, Alexander.RechtalsExport- dienstleistung.KathrinM.MösleinimInterviewmitAlexanderHellgardt.In:LawasaService–RechtalsDienstleistung:Stra-tegischerProduktivitätsfaktorunternehme-rischerInnovation?,(eds.)K.M.Möslein,J.M.Leimeister,F.Möslein,andR.Reichwald,Leipzig2012,14-15.


Carsten hohmann


Hohmann, carstenandLukasMüller.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuer-undGesell-schaftsrechtderSchweiz.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesell-schaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich-Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,593-696.

Yasmin holm


Holm, yasmin.Tagungsberichtzur13.IStR-Jahrestagung2013.IStR22/2013,No.21,III-IV.

Holm, yasminandFelixGrollmann.Steu-erhistorischesSymposiumderDeutschenSteuerhistorischenGesellschafte.V..StuW43/2013,No.4,383-384.

marion hombach

Books

Hombach, Marion.SperrklauselnimEuropäischenSteuerrecht.Nomos,Baden-Baden2013,419p.

Alexander Jehlin

Books

Jehlin, Alexander.DieZinsschrankealsInstrumentzurMissbrauchsvermeidungundSteigerungderEigenkapitalausstattung.TübingerSchriftenzumStaats-undVerwal-tungsrecht,Vol.93,Duncker&Humblot,Berlin2013,267p.


Jehlin, Alexander.DieQuellenbesteu-erungspolitikfürgrenzüberschreitendeZinszahlungenzwischenIndustrie-und

Entwicklungsländern–mitbesondererBe-trachtungderBRIC-Staaten.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesell-schaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich-Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,155-193.

Šime Jozipović


Jozipović, Šime.Economic,ConstitutionalandNormativeAspectsoftheDetermina-tionProcessofStrategicInvestmentsinCroatia.LawReviewoftheFacultyofLaw,UniversitySplit50/2013,No.4,917-936.

Jozipović, Šime.DevelopmentsintheCFCLegislationRegardingCroatia.EuropeanTaxStudies2013,No.1,1-19.

Jozipović, ŠimeandNikolaMijatović.TheMinimumTaxationinCasesofTaxLossesofGermanCompanies.CroatianLawReview13/2013,No.6,51-61.

Jozipović, ŠimeandNikolaMijatović.DieBedeutungdesneuenkroatischenFinan-zrechtsfürdieAngleichungandiefiskalis-chenStandardsderEU.Osteuropa-Recht60/2014,No.2,231-245.

Discussion Papers

Jozipović, Šime.StateAidProcedureLawinTaxMattersandtheCroatianAccessiontotheEU.CollectedPapersoftheLawFacultyoftheUniversityofRijeka35/2013,No.2,625-60.

Forthcoming

Jozipović, Šime.TheTransformationofCreditors’ClaimsintoSharesinthe(Bank-ruptcy-)Debtors–ComparativeNotesandConstitutionalIssues.CollectedPapersofZagrebLawFaculty,forthcoming.

Jozipović, Šime.FinesandCivilMechanismsofRedressAgainstCartelsintheEnergySector.LawReviewoftheFacultyofLaw,UniversitySplit,forthcoming.


Leif Klinkert


Marquart,ChristianandLeif Klinkert. Aus der Praxis:AnspruchsverfolgungeinerErbenge-meinschaft.JuS52/2012,No.11,989-993.

Karin e. m. Kopp


Kopp, Karin e. M.Eigenkapital,FremdkapitalundhybrideFinanzierungeniminterna-tionalenSteuerrecht.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesellschafts-recht-Rechtsvergleich-Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,835-876.

Nadja Lagdali


Osterloh-Konrad,ChristineandNadia Lag-dali.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuer-undGesellschaftsrechtFrankreichs.In:Eigenka- pitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Ge-sellschaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich-Recht-spolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,373-432.

christian Marquart

Books

Marquart, christian.Zinsabzugundsteuerli-cheGewinnallokation-RechtsvergleichendeUntersuchungundrechtspolitischerVorschlag.Nomos,Baden-Baden2013,476p.


Marquart, christian.PromotionsstudiumamMax-Planck-InstitutfürSteuerrechtundÖffentlicheFinanzeninMünchen.JuS52/2012,No.8,XXX.


Marquart, christian.SteuerinduzierteFremdfinanzierungvonUnternehmenundWegederBegrenzungdesZinsabzugs.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesellschaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich- Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,125-154.

Stefania Martinengo


Martinengo, Stefania.Ilfederalismofiscalemunicipaleeildifficileprocessodiautono-miadeglientilocali.StudiumIuris19/2013,No.5,550-557.

Angelika Meindl-Ringler


Meindl, Angelika.RechtsschutzgegenrückwirkendeSteuergesetzedurchdieEuropäischeMenschenrechtskonvention–einVergleichmitderRechtsprechungzumGrundgesetz.StuW90[43]/2013,No.2,143-155.

Forthcoming

Meindl-Ringler, Angelika.Reviewof:YairListokin:TaxationandMarriage:AReap-praisal(TaxLawReview67/2014,No.2,185-210).StuW92/2015,No.1,99-100.

toshiko Miyamoto


Miyamoto, toshiko.SomeIssuesonReducedTaxRateinConsumptionTax.Den-mark,Zeiken30/2014,No.2,53-58.


Miyamoto, toshiko.CaseStudyonApplica-tionofContributionProfitSplitMethodinTransferPricing:TokyoDistrictCourt,Judg-mentfromApril27,2012.Zeiken30/2014,No4,166-170.

Miyamoto, toshiko.CaseStudyonApplica-tionofEstimatedTaxProvisioninTransferPricing:TokyoHighCourt,JudgmentfromMarch14,2013.Thehogakuseminarzoukan,sokuhouhanreikaisetsu15/2014,233-236.

Forthcoming

Miyamoto, toshiko.Cross-BorderReor-ganizationandExitTaxesintheEU.TheRitsumeikanEconomicReview63/2015,No.5-6,1-13.

Bianca Mostacatto


Mostacatto, Bianca.EliminatingRegula-toryRelianceonCreditRatings:RestoringtheStrengthofReputationalConcerns.StanfordLaw&PolicyReview24/2013,No.1,99-142andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-07(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2120395).


Mostacatto, Bianca.DiePflichtenvonManagernbeiderSteuerplanung:EinerechtsvergleichendeUntersuchung/Mana-gers’DutieswithRegardtoTaxPlanning:AComparativeAnalysisIn:2014YearbookoftheMaxPlanckSociety(ResearchReport,http://www.mpg.de/7732681/JB_2014?c=8236817).

Alice niemann

Books

Niemann, Alice.DerallgemeineMiss-brauchsvorbehaltnachderRechtsprechungdesEuGHundseineAuswirkungenaufdie

Anwendungdes§42AO.PeterLang,Frank-furt2012,380p.

marta oliveros Castelon


oliveros castelon, Marta and Gerd W. Rothmann.HinzurechnungsbesteuerunginBrasilien–DiewichtigstenFällezur brasilianischenCFC-GesetzgebungimÜber-blick.RechtderInternationalenWirtschaft58/2012,No.11,746-751.


oliveros castelon, Marta.Eigen-und FremdkapitalimSteuer-undGesellschafts-rechtBrasiliens.In:EigenkapitalundFremd-kapital-Steuerrecht-Gesellschaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich-Rechtspolitik(MPIStud-iesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,195-288.

oliveros castelon, Marta.EinkünfteausgrenzüberschreitendenDienstleistungen:WelcherStaatdarfbesteuern?/IncomefromCross-BorderServices:WhichCountryHastheRighttoTaxit?In:2013YearbookoftheMaxPlanckSociety(ResearchReport,http://www.mpg.de/6643789/JB_2013?c=7291742).

oliveros castelon, Marta.TaxingCross-BorderServices.In:NewsletteroftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance,01/2013(http://www.tax.mpg.de/files/pdf2/2103-07-22_Interaktiv1.pdf).

oliveros castelon, Marta.CASOJCP-ALEMANHA:QualificaçãodejurossobreocapitalprópriopeloTribunalFederaldasFinançasnaAlemanha(Bundesfinanzhof).In:Tributaçãointernacional:análisedecasosv.2,(ed.)L.F.d.Me.(Org.)Castro,LeonardoFreitasdeMoraes,MP,SãoPaulo2014,93-124.


Cihat Öner


Öner, cihat.LegalNatureofAdvancePricingAgreementsunderTurkishLaw:ACompara-tiveAnalysis,Intertax40/2012,No.8/9,503-513.

christine osterloh-Konrad


osterloh-Konrad, christine.Gefährdet„EmptyVoting“dieWillensbildunginderAktiengesellschaft?ÜberlegungenzurPro-portionalitätzwischenStimmrechtseinflussundwirtschaftlicherBetroffenheitderAk-tionäre.ZGR41/2012,No.1,35-80.

osterloh-Konrad, christine.Rechtsgrundla-genfürInformationsansprücheimErbrecht.ErbR7/2012,No.10,299-306.

osterloh-Konrad, christine.Informationsan-sprücheimErbrecht:BesondereFragestel-lungen.ErbR7/2012,No.11,326-334.

osterloh-Konrad, christine.Tagungsbericht8.DeutscherErbrechtstag.ErbR8/2013,No.6,170-172.

osterloh-Konrad, christine.AnmerkungzuEuGHv.18.07.2013–C-147/12.JZ69/2014,No.1,44-47.

osterloh-Konrad, christine.Tagungsbericht7.ErbR-Tagung,München,7.Oktober2013.ErbR9/2014,No.1,22-24.

osterloh-Konrad, christine and Tobias Beuchert.AnzeigepflichtenbeiSteuergestal-tungeninDeutschland–Zudenaktuel-lenÜberlegungendesBundesratesausrechtspolitischerundrechtlicherSicht.IStR23/2014,No.18,643-650.

SchönWolfgang,AndreasBakrozis,Jo-hannesBecker,TobiasA.Beuchert,MartinBoer,NadjaDwenger,AndreasGerten,MaximilianHaag,SabineHeidenbauer,CarstenHohmann,AlexanderJehlin,KarinE.M.Kopp,DanielKornack,NadiaLagdali,ChristianMarquart,LukasMüller,Marta

Castelon,christine osterloh-Konrad,NataliaPaxinou,CarloPohlhausen,PhilippRedeker,ErikRöder,andAstridRoesener.DebtandEquityinDomesticandInternationalTaxLaw–AComparativePolicyAnalysis.BritishTaxReview(BTR)59/2014,No.2,146-217andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInsti-tuteforTaxLawandPublicFinance2014-09(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2444683).


osterloh-Konrad, christine.KommentierungAnhzu§2303BGB,§§27,28,239-250,253,254,256,1066ZPO.In:Fachanwalts-kommentarErbrecht,(ed.)A.Frieser,Luchterhand,Köln2013,4/2013,872-873,1409-1445,1464-1465.

osterloh-Konrad, christineandNadiaLag-dali.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuer-undGesellschaftsrechtFrankreichs.In:Eigenka- pitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Ge-sellschaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich-Recht-spolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,373-432.

Forthcoming

osterloh-Konrad, christine.Fiatvoluntas!DerSchutzpotentiellerRechtsnachfolgerbeiderAnordnungvonVor-undNacherbschaft,AcP2015,forthcoming.

Leopoldo Parada


parada, Leopoldo.IsitDebtorIsitEquity?TheProblemwithUsingHybridFinancialIn-struments.TaxNotesInternational74/2014,No.4,347-356.

parada, Leopoldo.LessonsLearnedFromtheSwissJuliusBaerCase.TaxNotesInter-national74/2014,No.13,1217-1224.

Forthcoming

parada, Leopoldo.IntergovernmentalAgreementsandtheImplementationof


theForeignAccountTaxComplianceAct(FATCA)inEurope,WorldTaxJournal(IBFD),forthcoming.

federica Pitrone


pitrone, Federica.Ilfederalismofiscalemu-nicipaleeildifficileprocessodiautonomiadeglientilocali.StudiumIuris19/2013, No.5,550-557.

Carlo Pohlhausen

Books

pohlhausen, carlo.Unternehmensfinan-zierungamKapitalmarktindenarabischenStaaten:einerechtsvergleichendeAnalysevonAktien-,Anleihe-undHybridemissionenamBeispielÄgyptens,derVereinigtenArabischenEmirate,Saudi-ArabiensundJordaniens.StudIPR309,MohrSiebeck,Tübingen2014,XXXVII+796p.


pohlhausen, carloandErikRöder.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuer-undGesell-schaftsrechtdesVereinigtenKönigreichs.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital–Steuerrecht–Gesellschaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich– Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,697-773.

Karina Ponomareva

Forthcoming

ponomareva, Karina.RechtspositionendesEuGHzuFragenderdirektenSteuern.InformationsblattderStaatlichenUniversitätOmsk,SerieRecht1/2015.98-103.

ponomareva, Karina.EuropäischeDetermi-nantendesnationalenSteuerrechts.Steu-ernundBesteuerung2015,No.2,157-166.

ponomareva, Karina.ProblemederSteu-ersouveränitätinderRechtspraxisdesEuGHzuFragenderdirektenBesteuerung.AktuelleProblemedesrussischenRechts3/2015,151-155.

ponomareva, Karina.AllgemeineFragenderSteuerharmonisierunginderEU.Informa-tionsblattderStaatlichenUniversitätOmsk,SerieRecht3/2015.

ponomareva, Karina.AktuelleProblemederSteuerharmonisierunginderEU.Material-ienzurinternationalenwissenschaftsprak-tischenKonferenz“AktuelleFragestellungenimöffentlichenundprivatenRecht”.Minsk,Weißrussland2015.

philipp Redeker

Books

Redeker, philipp.BeschaffenheitsbegriffundBeschaffenheitsvereinbarungbeimKauf,VerlagC.H.Beck,Munich2012,281p.


TobiasBeuchertandphilipp Redeker.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuerundGesell-schaftsrechtDeutschlands.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesell-schaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich-Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,289-371.

erik Röder

Books

Schön,Wolfganganderik Röder.Zukunfts-fragendesdeutschenSteuerrechtsII.MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Volume4,SpringerVerlag,Heidelberg2014,IX+148p.


Röder, erik.ProposalforanEnhancedCCTBasAlternativetoaCCCTBwithFormulary


Apportionment.WorldTaxJournal4/2012,No.2,125-150andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-01(http://ssrn.com/ab-stract=2012640).

Röder, erik.ZurVerfassungswidrigkeitderMindestbesteuerung(§10dAbs.2EStG)undderBeschränkungdesVerlustabzugsnach§8cKStG.StuW89[42]/2012,No.1,18-32.

Röder, erik.DiskussionsberichtzudenRe-feratenvonPeterO.Mülbert,PeterClouth,HansChristophGrigoleitundPetraBuck-Heeb.ZHR177/2013,No.2/3,344-348.

Röder, erikandMalcomGammie.TaxationofFinancialTransactions.BulletinforInter-nationalTaxation67/2013,No.10,529-535.

Röder, erik.DieKommanditgesellschaftimRechtsvergleich:Hintergründederun-terschiedlichenKarriereeinerRechtsform.RabelsZ78/2014,No.1,109-154.

Röder, erik.Co-ordinationofCorporateExitTaxationintheInternalMarketandBeyond.BritishTaxReview(BTR)2014,No.5,574-604andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-22.(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2537465).

SchönWolfgang,AndreasBakrozis,Jo-hannesBecker,TobiasA.Beuchert,MartinBoer,NadjaDwenger,AndreasGerten,MaximilianHaag,SabineHeidenbauer,CarstenHohmann,AlexanderJehlin,KarinE.M.Kopp,DanielKornack,NadiaLagdali,ChristianMarquart,LukasMüller,MartaCastelon,ChristineOsterloh-Konrad,NataliaPaxinou,CarloPohlhausen,PhilippRedeker,erik Röder,andAstridRoesener.DebtandEquityinDomesticandInternationalTaxLaw–AComparativePolicyAnalysis.BritishTaxReview(BTR)59/2014,No.2,146-217andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInsti-tuteforTaxLawandPublicFinance2014-09(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2444683).


Pohlhausen,Carloanderik Röder.Eigen-undFremdkapitalimSteuer-undGesell-schaftsrechtdesVereinigtenKönigreichs.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesellschaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich- Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,697-773.

Röder, erik.Germany:TheWagner-Raith(C-560/13)andGrünewald(C-559/13)Cases.In:ECJ–RecentDevelopmentsinDirectTaxation2013(SeriesonInternationalTaxLaw;83),(eds.)M.Lang,P.Pistone,J.Schuch,C.Staringer,andA.Storck,Linde,Vienna2014,63-82.

Forthcoming

Röder, erik.DievorzeitigeBeendigungvonDarlehensverträgengegenVorfällig-keitsentschädigungimSpannungsfeldvonRechtsfortbildungundKodifizierung.Jahr-buchJungerZivilrechtswissenschaftler2014,forthcoming.

Jonathan schindler


Schindler, Jonathan.RechtlicheGestal-tungsmöglichkeitenderHofübergabe.ErbR8/2013,No.11,334-341.

Wolfgang Schön

Books

Schön, WolfgangandKaiA.Konrad(eds.).FundamentalsofInternationalTransferPric-inginLawandEconomics.MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.1,Springer,Heidelberg2012,XIII+304p.

Bachmann,Gregor,HorstEidenmüller,Andreas,Engert,HolgerFleischer,andwolf-gang Schön (eds.).Rechtsregelnfürdiege-schlosseneKapitalgesellschaft.ZGR,SpecialVol.18,DeGruyter,Berlin 2012,235p.


English version: Bachmann,Gregor,HorstEidenmüller,Andreas,Engert,HolgerFleischer,andwolf-gang Schön.RegulatingtheClosedCorpora-tion.ECFR,SpecialVol.4,DeGruyter,Berlin2013,265p.

Schön, Wolfgang,IsabelleRichelle,andEdoardoTraversa(eds.).AllocatingTaxingPowerswithintheEuropeanUnion.MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.2,Springer,Berlin2013,XI+220p.

Schön, Wolfgang (eds.).EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesellschafts-recht-Rechtsvergleich-Rechtspolitik.MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3,Springer,Heidelberg2013,XX+876p.

Schön, WolfgangandErikRöder(eds.).ZukunftsfragendesdeutschenSteuer-rechtsII.MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Volume4,SpringerVerlag,Heidel-berg2014,IX+148p.


Schön, Wolfgang.DieFinanztransaktions-steuer–ein„fairerBeitrag“desFinanzsek-tors?.Editorial,ZHR176/2012,No.3,261-267.

Schön, Wolfgang.ZurZukunftdesInterna-tionalenSteuerrechts.StuW89[42]/2012,No.3,213-224. Published also in: PraxisundZukunftdesdeutschenInterna-tionalenSteuerrechts,(ed.)J.Lüdicke,Dr.OttoSchmidt,Cologne2012,1-28.

Schön, Wolfgang.TheDistinctEquityoftheDebt-EquityDistinction.BulletinforInterna-tionalTaxation66/2012,No.9,490-502andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-08(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2444648).

Schön, Wolfgang. Deutsche Hinzurech-nungsbesteuerungundEuropäischeGrund-freiheiten.IStR22/2013,No.6(insert),1-24.

Schön, Wolfgang.DasSystemdergesell-schaftsrechtlichenNiederlassungsfreiheitnachVALE.ZGR42/2013,No.3,333-365.

Schön, Wolfgang.LeitideendesSteuer-rechtsoder:Nichtwissenalsstaatswissen-schaftlichesProblem.StuW90[43]/2013,No.4,289-297.

Schön, Wolfgang.Prof.Dr.FranzDötschtrittindenRuhestand.FR96/2014,No.4,145-146.

Schön, Wolfgang.EinSteuerrechtfürdieWissensgesellschaft.FR96/2014,No.3,93-97.

Schön, Wolfgang.VerabschiedungundEin-führung–Max-Planck-Institutfürausländi-schesöffentlichesRechtundVölkerrecht,Heidelberg,27.November2013.ZaöRV74/2014,No.2,177-184.

Schön, Wolfgang.InternationalTaxationofRisk.BulletinforInternationalTaxation68/2014,No.6-7,280-294andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-03(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2402612).

Schön, Wolfgang.VerdeckteEinlageninKapitalgesellschaften-unsichtbarfürdenEuGH?.Editorial,ZHR178/2014,No.4,373-386.

Ault,Hugh,Wolfgang Schön,andStephenE.Shay.BaseErosionandProfitShifting:ARoadmapforReform.BulletinforInterna-tionalTaxations68/2014,No.6-7,275-279.

Schön Wolfgang,AndreasBakrozis,Jo-hannesBecker,TobiasA.Beuchert,MartinBoer,NadjaDwenger,AndreasGerten,MaximilianHaag,SabineHeidenbauer,CarstenHohmann,AlexanderJehlin,KarinE.M.Kopp,DanielKornack,NadiaLagdali,ChristianMarquart,LukasMüller,MartaCastelon,ChristineOsterloh-Konrad,NataliaPaxinou,CarloPohlhausen,PhilippRedeker,ErikRöder,andAstridRoesener.DebtandEquityinDomesticandInternationalTaxLaw-AComparativePolicyAnalysis.BritishTaxReview(BTR)59/2014,No.2,146-217andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInsti-tuteforTaxLawandPublicFinance2014-09(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2444683).



Schön, Wolfgang.TransferPricing-Busi-nessIncentives,InternationalTaxationandCorporateLaw.In:FundamentalsofInternationalTransferPricinginLawandEconomics,(eds.)W.SchönandK.Konrad,MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.1,Springer,Heidelberg2012,47-67.

Schön, Wolfgang.StateAidintheAreaofTaxation.In:EUStateAids,(eds.)L.Hancher,T.Ottervanger,andP.J.Slot,4thEdition,Sweet&Maxwell,London2012,321-362.

Schön, Wolfgang.ThePermanentEstablish-ment-OneWord,TwoConcepts.In:Fest-schriftinHonorofProfessorTadashiMurai,(eds.)K.Kameda,Y.Kawabata,T.Miyamoto,S.Nakamura,H.Urahigashi,andM.Tsuji,SeibunshaCo.,Osaka,Japan2012,437-442.

Schön, Wolfgang. Der Anspruch auf HaftungsbschränkungimEuropäischenGesellschaftsrecht.In:FestschriftfürPeterHommelhoffzum70.Geburtstag,(eds.)B.Erle,W.Goette,D.Kleindiek,G.Krieger,H.-J.Priester,C.Schubel,M.Schwab,C.Teichmann,andC.-H.Witt,Dr.OttoSchmidt,Cologne2012,1037-1057.

Schön, Wolfgang.GläubigerschutzindergeschlossenenKapitalgesellschaft.In:RechtsregelnfürdiegeschlosseneKapitalge-sellschaft,(eds.)G.Bachmann,H.Eidenmül-ler,A.Engert,H.Fleischer,andW.Schön.ZGR,SpecialVol.18,DeGruyter,Berlin 2012,112-162. English version: Schön, Wolfgang.CreditorProtectionintheClosedCorporation(Chapter5).In:Regula-tingtheClosedCorporation,(eds.)G.Bachmann,H.Eidenmüller,A.Engert,H.Fleischer,andW.Schön.ECFRSpecialVol.4,DeGruyter,Berlin2013,124-178.

Schön, WolfgangandOtmarThömmes.Ak-tuelleFragenzumEuropäischenSteuer-undGesellschaftsrecht(1.Generalthema).In:JahrbuchderFachanwältefürSteuerrecht2012/2013,(eds.)K.GrundmannandK.-D.Drüen,nwb,Herne2012,33-107.

Schön, Wolfgang.GrenzenderRechtsdurch-setzung.In:KollektiverRechtsbruch-Gefahr

fürunsereFreiheit,(ed.)C.Flick,Wallstein,Göttingen2013,21-34. English version: TheLimitsofLawEnforcement.In:Collec-tiveLaw-Breaking-AThreattoLiberty,(ed.)C.Flick,ConvocoEditions,Munich2013,27-42.

Schön, Wolfgang.VorstandspflichtenundSteuerplanung.In:FestschriftfürMichaelHoffmann-Beckingzum70.Geburtstag,(eds.)G.Krieger,M.Lutter,andK.Schmidt,VerlagC.H.Beck,Munich2013,1085-1100.

Schön, Wolfgang.InternationalesSteuer-recht(§150).In:LeitgedankendesRechts-PaulKirchhofzum70.Geburtstag,(eds.)H.Kube,R.Mellinghoff,G.Morgenthaler,U.Palm,T.Puhl,andC.Seiler,C.F.Müller,Heidelberg2013,1625-1633.

Schön, Wolfgang.TransferPricing,theArm’sLengthStandardandEuropeanUnionLaw.In:AllocatingTaxingPowerswithintheEuropeanUnion(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.2),(eds.)W.Schön,I.Richelle,andE.Traversa,Springer,Heidel-berg2013,73-99.

Schön, Wolfgang.EigenkapitalundFremd-kapital-einesteuerpolitischeAnalyse.In:EigenkapitalundFremdkapital-Steuerrecht-Gesellschaftsrecht-Rechtsvergleich- Rechtspolitik(MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Vol.3),(ed.)W.Schön,Springer,Heidelberg2013,1-99.

Schön, WolfgangandOtmarThömmes.Ak-tuelleFragenzumEuropäischenSteuer-undGesellschaftsrecht(1.Generalthema).In:JahrbuchderFachanwältefürSteuerrecht2013/2014,(ed.)K.-D.Drüen,nwb,Herne2013,1-100.

Schön, Wolfgang.DieFunktiondesUnternehmenssteuerrechtsimEinkom-mensteuerrecht.In:ErneuerungdesSteuer-rechts(DStJGBand37),(ed.)M.Jachmann,Dr.OttoSchmidt,Köln2014,217-258.

Schön, Wolfgang.TaxingMultinationalsinEurope.In:HøytSkattet-FestskrifttilFred-erikZimmer,(eds.)B.Banoun,O.Gjems-Onstad,A.AageSkaar,Universitetsforlaget,Oslo2014,471-499.


Schön, WolfgangandOtmarThömmes.Ak-tuelleFragenzumEuropäischenSteuer-undGesellschaftsrecht(1.Generalthema).In:JahrbuchderFachanwältefürSteuerrecht2014/2015,(ed.)K.-D.Drüen,nbw,Herne2014,1-74.

PressArticles

DasgroßeinternationaleSteuer-Spiel. In:FAZ,No.85,12.04.13,p.12.

LobderPromotion.In:FAZ,No.165,19.07.2013,p.9.

IstSteuerwettbewerbillegal?.In:FAZ,No.276,27.11.14,p.20.

Interviews

StaatenbraucheneinesolideBesteu-erungsgrundlage,DeutschlandradioKultur,22.04.2013

WollenwirinsystematischerSchönheit sterben?.GesprächzursteuerlichenFörder-ungvonF&E.In:EYTAX&LAW01/2014

LeichteraufdieAnklagebank.GesprächzuraktuellenBEPS-Debatte.In:EYTAX&LAW02/2014

SteueroaseninEuropa.GesprächmitGabiKautzmanninderSendung“orange”,Bayern2,21.06.2014.

Steuern-DemokratiehatihrenPreis.Sende-reihe“Durchgecheckt”,ARTE,23.09.2014.

Discussion Papers

Schön, Wolfgang.TaxingMultinationalsinEurope.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-11(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2185282).

Forthcoming

Schön, Wolfgang.Beraterhaftungundhy-pothetischerInzidentprozess.In:Rechtslage-Rechtserkenntnis-Rechtsdurchsetzung-FestschrifftfürEberhardSchilkenzum70.Geburtstag,(eds.)C.Meller-Hannich,

L.Haertlein,H.F.Gaul,E.Becker-Eberhard,VerlagC.H.Beck,München2015,119-138.

Schön, Wolfgang.KapitalverkehrsfreiheitundNiederlassungsfreiheit.In:Privat-undWirtschaftsrechtinEuropa-FestschriftfürWulf-HenningRothzum70.Geburtstag,(eds.)T.Ackermann,J.Köndgen,VerlagC.H.Beck,München2015,553-583.

mirna s. screpante


Screpante, Mirna.Cross-BorderSoftwareTransactionsfromaTechnologyImportingCountryPerspective:TheCaseoftheArgen-tina-GermanyIncomeandCapitalTaxTreaty(1978).BulletinforInternationalTaxation67/2013,No.9,460-465.

christian Sternberg


vanKesteren,Herman,MadeleineMerkx,and christian Sternberg.Dutch/GermanCross-BorderVATGrouping.ECTaxReview22/2013,No.4,187-196.

Heber,Carolineandchristian Sternberg. Over-the-CounterDerivativeMarketsintheLightoftheEMIRClearingObligationsandtheFinancialTransactionTax.DerivativesandFinancialInstruments(DFI)8/2014,No.2,107-116. German version: Heber, carolineandChristianSternberg.EMIR-ClearingPflichtunddieFinanztransak-tionssteuer.RdF4/2014,No.3,211-220.


Heber,Carolineandchristian Sternberg. LegalInterpretationofTaxLawinGermany.In:LegalInterpretationofTaxLaw(SeriesonInternationalTaxation;46),(eds)R.vanBrederodeandR.Krever, KluwerLawInternational,AlphenaandenRijn2014,163-189.


Discussion Papers

Heber,Carolineandchristian Sternberg. MarketInfrastructureRegulationandtheFinancialTransactionTax.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-07(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2433009).

Forthcoming

Sternberg, christian.DieUmsatzbesteu-erunggemeinnützigerOrganisationenimBinnenmarkt–SteuerbarkeitundLeistungs-ort,IFStSchriftenreihe,forthcoming.

Sternberg, christian.Steuerrechtsentwick-lunginderBRD.In:LexikondesRechts,Cologne,WoltersKluwer,Gr.6/1390,forth-coming.

Sternberg, christian.Steuerreformen.In:LexikondesRechts,Cologne,WoltersKlu-wer,Gr.6/1410,forthcoming.

Martina Sunde


Sunde, Martina.EntfaltendieGrundfrei-heitenihresteuerlichenAuswirkungenauchimVerhältniszurSchweiz?BesprechungdesEuGH-Urteilsvom28.02.2013,C-425/11,Ettwein.IStR22/2013,No.15,568-573.

Lehner,Martin,Martina Sunde,andPatrickGeißler.D-A-CHSteuer-Kongress2013:ProblemeausderaktuellenDBA-Praxis.IStR22/2013,No.17,641-649.

Jieyin tang


tang, Jieyin.LegislativeChoiceonTaxforDevelopmentofFinancialMarketwiththeFocusonFunctionofTaxtoRegulate.Taxa-tionandEconomy2012,No.2,69-79.

tang, Jieyin.TaxTreatmentofSecuritiza-tionofCreditAssets.Derivatives,FinancialInstruments14/2012,No.1,1-6.

franan Vaquer ferrer


vaquer Ferrer, Franan.NuevoCDIentreEspañayAlemania.Laeliminacióndelacláusuladeresidenciaficticiadelartículo4.4enmateriadesociedadesdepersonas:¿Su-presióndeunacláusulaconflictiva?.CivitasRevistaEspañoladeDerechoFinanciero156/2012,No.1,131-151.

Alberto vega

Discussion Papers

vego, Alberto.InternationalGovernancethroughSoftLaw:TheCaseoftheOECDTransferPricingGuidelines.TransStateWorkingPaperNo.163,2012andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-05(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2100341).

vego, Alberto.Eurostat,SoftLawandtheMeasurementofPublicDebt:TheCaseofPublic-PrivatePartnerships.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-04(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2419389).

Wei Xiong


Evans, Chris and Wei Xiong. Towards an Im-provedDesignoftheChineseGeneralAnti-AvoidanceRule:AComparativeAnalysis.BulletinforInternationalTaxation68/2014,No.12,686-696.


Max planck institute for tax Law & public Finance studies in tax Law and Public finance

WolfgangSchönandKaiA.Konrad

FundamentalsofInternationalTransfer PricinginLawandEconomics

MPIStudiesinTaxLawandPublicFinance,Band1,Springer

Heidelberg2012

WolfgangSchön,IsabelleRichelle,andEdoardo Traversa

AllocatingTaxingPowerswithinthe EuropeanUnion


Heidelberg2013

WolfgangSchön

EigenkapitalundFremdkapital:Steuerrecht–Gesellschaftsrecht–Rechtsvergleich– Rechtspolitik


Heidelberg2013

WolfgangSchönandErikRöder

ZukunftsfragendesdeutschenSteuerrechtsII


Heidelberg2014


2012Boer, Martin J:AFewCommentsontheCCTB-Directive.WorkingPaperFebruary2012(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2012276).

Röder, erik:ProposalforanEnhancedCCTBasAlternativetoaCCCTBwithFormularyApportionment.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-01(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2012640).

Hellgardt, Alexander:ComparingApplesandOranges?Public,Private,Tax,andCrim-inalLawinFinancialMarketsRegulation.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-04(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2083462).

vega, Alberto:InternationalGovernancethroughSoftLaw:TheCaseoftheOECDTransferPricingGuidelines.TransStateWorkingPaperNo.163,2012,andWorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-05(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2100341).

Mostacatto, Bianca:EliminatingRegulatoryRelianceonCreditRatings:RestoringtheStrengthofReputationalConcerns.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-07(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2120395).

Schön, Wolfgang:TaxingMultinationalsinEurope.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-11(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2185282).

2013Ault, Hugh:SomeReflectionsontheOECDandtheSourcesofInternationalTaxPrin-ciples.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2013-03(ssrn.com/abstract=2287834).

2014Schön, Wolfgang:InternationalTaxa-tionofRisk.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-03(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2402612).

vega, Alberto:Eurostat,SoftLawandtheMeasurementofPublicDebt:TheCaseofPublic-PrivatePartnerships.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-04(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2419389).

Heber, caroline and christian Sternberg: MarketInfrastructureRegulationandtheFinancialTransactionTax.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-07(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2433009).

Schön, Wolfgang:TheDistinctEquityoftheDebt-EquityDistinction.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-08(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2444648).

Schön, Wolfgang,et.al.:DebtandEquityinDomesticandInternationalTaxLaw–AComparativePolicyAnalysis.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance2014-09(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2444683).

Röder, erik:Co-ordinationofCorporateExitTaxationintheInternalMarketandBeyond.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-22(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2537465).

Max planck institute for tax Law & public Finance Research Paper series


ii Lectures at Conferences or seminars

Hugh Ault“SomeReflectionsontheOECDandtheSourcesofInternationalTaxPrinciples,70TaxNotesInternational”,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,May2013.

“TheOECDanditsBEPSProject:WhereareweandWhereareweGoing?”,Lecture,IFARegionalMeeting,Heidelberg,April2013.

Chiara Balbinot“SystemsofDifferingTaxationofLegalFormsundertheScrutinyofEuropeanStateAidLaw”,PosterPresentation,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

“BeihilferechtundRechtsformneutralität”,StaffRetreat,DepartmentofBusinessandTaxLaw,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,February2013.

“Beilhilfeverbotvs.Unternehmenssa-nierung?–DiskussionanhandvonSa-nierungsklauselundSanierungserlass”,RoundTableoftheMPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,May2013.

Commenton:TimStolper,“TheRoleofCustomerCoordinationintheFightAgainstTaxHavens”,IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013.

Commenton:KasperDziurdz,“Non-Dis-criminationinInternationalTaxLaw”,2nd MaxPlanckEuropeanPostdoctoralConfer-enceonTaxLaw,MPlforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2013.

ewa Bienkowska“TaxIncentivesforTechnologyTransfertoLDCs”,StaffRetreat,DepartmentofBusinessandTaxLaw,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,February2013.

Andreas eggert“TheComputationoftheTaxBaseAccord-ingtotheCCCTBProposal”,PosterPresenta-tion,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

“AuslegungderGewinnermittlungsregelnderCCCTB”,Lecture,PAKTProject,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,February2013.

“EU:ProposedDirectiveforaCommonConsolidatedCorporateTaxBase(CCCTB)”,Lecture,YINSeminar,68thCongressoftheInternationalFiscalAssociation,Mumbai,India,October2014.

mauritz von einem“IPMigration–TaxPlanningandTaxPolicy”,Presentation,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,July2012.

“IP-Migration–SteuergestaltungmitImma-teriellenWirtschaftsgütern”,ResearchSemi-nar,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,April2013.

Kilian eßwein“PrivatautonomeGestaltungderVorstands-haftung”,WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,November2012.

Deborah fries“DiesteuerrechtlicheGeschäftsführerhaf-tunginderKriseundInsolvenz:EinFiskus-privilegimRechtsvergleich”,Doktoranden-WorkshopRestrukturierungundInsolvenz2014,InstitutfürInterdisziplinäreRestruktu-rierunge.V.,Berlin,September2014.

eivind furuseth“TheRelationshipbetweenDomesticAnti-Avoidance-RulesandTaxTreaties”,The


NordicTaxConference,Stockholm,Sweden,November2012.

Birke Häcker“DiegeplanteEU-Verordnungzurgenzüber-schreitendenvorläufigenKontopfändung–EinekritischeAnalyse”,AktuelleStunde,MPIforComparativeandInternationalPri-vateLaw,Hamburg,January2012.

“Öffentlich-rechtlicheErstattungsansprücheimdeutsch-englischenVergleich”,WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,January2012.

“TheCaseofAllSoulsCollegev. Cod[d]rington(1720)–LitigationovertheCodringtonBequest”,LunchtimeTalk,AllSoulsCollege,OxfordUniversity,UK,Febru-ary2012.

“DirectandIndirectEnrichmentattheClaimant’sExpenseinThree-PartyCases:ASurveyoftheU.S.Restaement(Third)onRestitutionandUnjustEnrichment”,R3RUE-Symposium,BrasenoseCollege,OxfordUniversity,UK,May2012.

“DasenglischeRechtunddieeuropäischeRechtstradition”,EveningLecture,SummerAcademyoftheGermanScholarshipFoun-dation,SanGiovanniinValleAurina,AltoAdige,Italy,August2013.

Commenton:JensDammann,“TheMan-datoryLawPuzzle:RedefiningAmericanExceptionalisminCorporateLaw”, 3rdAnnualMeetingoftheAlumniAsso-ciationoftheMPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2013.

“(Fall)RechtalsSystem?ZumUmgangdesCommonLawmitSystematisierungsfragen”,4.Zukunftsfakultät–“RechtalsSystem”,RechtimKontext:Rechtskulturen,InstituteforAdvancedStudy,Berlin,December2013.

“MistakenGiftsafterPittvHolt”,CurrentLegalProblemsLecture,UniversityCollege,London,UK,February2014.

“DasvertauschteTestament.Oder:ÜberdieForm,AuslegungundBerichtigungletztwil-

ligerVerfügungen”,AktuelleStunde,MPIforComparativeandInternationalPrivateLaw,Hamburg,May2014.

“DivergenceandConvergenceintheCom-monLaw–LessonsfromtheIusCommune”,ObligationsVIIConference,UniversityofHongKong,HongKong,July2014.

Caroline heberCommenton:JuanBenitoGallegoLópez,“OTCDerivativesandtheEuropeanFinancialTransactionTax–OpenIssues”,2nd Max PlanckEuropeanPostdoctoralConferenceonTaxLaw,MPlforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2013.

“OTCDerivativesintheLightofEMIRClear-ingObligationsandtheFTT”,IBFDFTTCon-fence,Madrid,Spain,February2014.

“EnhancedCooperationProcedureandTaxLaw”,IBFDPostdoctoralInternationalTaxForum(PITF),Amsterdam,Netherlands,May2014.

“UmsatzsteuerrechtlicheBehandlungvonForschungskooperationen”,DiscussionRound,FederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,July2014.

“EuropeanFinancialTransactionTax–ScopeandInterplaywithEuropeanMarketRegula-tion”,ResearchSeminar,CentreforEuro-peanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,July2014.

“ResearchInstitutesintheScopeofVAT”,EuropeanCommission,Brussels,Belgium,September2014.

Commenton:EsperanzaBuitrago,“Taxpay-ersRights:FreshHopesorOldConcerns?”,4thAnnualMeetingoftheAlumniAsso-ciationoftheMPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2014.

“MehrwertsteuerrechtlicheBehandlungvonForschungskooperationen”,Freiburger Arbeitstagung,Freiburg,November2014.

“VerrechnungspreiseundKonzernumlageninderUmsatzsteuer”,2.Umsatzsteuerkon-ferenz,Munich,November2014.


Alexander Hellgardt“DerUrsprungdesheutigenPrivat-rechtsverständnissesinderromanistischenTraditiondes19.Jahrhunderts”,AktuelleStunde,MPIforComparativeandInterna-tionalPrivateLaw,Hamburg,January2012.

“BankenregulierungmittelsSteuernundAbgaben”,TeamHopt,MPIforComparativeandInternationalPrivateLaw,Hamburg,January2012.

“TheBankLevyasanExampleofaCorrec-tiveTax”,Seminar:TaxationoftheFinancialSector,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,February2012.

“ComparingApplesandOranges?Public,Private,andCriminalLawinFinancialMar-ketsRegulation,Conference”,LegalChal-lengesArisingoutoftheGlobalFinancialCrisis:TheEuro,Bail-outs,andRegulation,TheQueen’sCollege,Oxford,UK,March2012.

“AnforderungenandieWahlvonRege-lungsinstrumentenaufgrunddesver-fassungsrechtlichenErforderlichkeitsge-bots”,Habilitandentreffen,Mannheim,June2012.

“ComparingApplesandOranges?DifferentLegalInstrumentsinFinancialMarketsReg-ulation”,Presentation,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

“EU-RegelnzurKapitalmarktinformations-haftung”,DAI-Seminar,OrganhaftungmitAuslandsbezug,Frankfurt,October2012.

“RegulierungalsFunktiondesRechts”,Habilitandentreffen,Frankfurt,December2012.

“RegulierungmittelsPrivatrecht”,Habilitan-denkolloquium,MPIforComparativeandInternationalPrivateLaw,Hamburg,April2013.

“DieRegulierungsfunktiondesSachen-rechts”,Habilitandentreffen,Hamburg,June2013.

Commenton:PhilippMeyer-Brauns,“Finan-cialContractingwithTaxEvaders”,IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013.

Commenton:JenniferHill,“VisionsoftheShareholderinthePost-CrisisEra”,Munich-Sydney-ConferenceontheLawandEconom-icsofTaxation,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandUniversityofSydney,Munich,September2013.

“ParallelweltenderallgemeinenRechtsge-schäftslehre–PrivatautonomeAlternativenzuden§§116ff.,145ff.BGB”,WorkshopPrivatrecht,FacultyofLaw,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,December2013.

“ParallelweltenderallgemeinenRechtsge-schäftslehre”,Habilitandentreffen,Frank-furt,January2014.

“StaatsrechtlicheZulässigkeitderRegulie-rungmittelsPrivatrecht”,Habilitandentref-fen,Munich,June2014.

Yasmin holm“InternationalProfitAttribution:Implemen-tationoftheAOAintoGermanLaw”,IfAPosterProgrammeatthe67thAnnualCon-gress,Copenhagen,Denmark,August2013.

“GewinnermittlungbeiBetriebsstätten”, IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013.

“DerAOAinseinerUmsetzungindeutschesRecht.BetriebsstättenbesteuerungunterAnwendungvon§1AStG”,PosterPro-gramme,38.JahrestagungderDeutschenSteuerjuristischenGesellschaft(DStJG),Berlin,September2013.

Šime Jozipović“TheApplicabilityoftheStrategicInvestmentActonEnergyLawRegulations”,Symposium:Energy–andEnvironmentalLawwithFocusonRenewableEnergy–FreieUniversitätBerlin,UniversityofSplit,Split,Croatia,May2013.


“TheLegalBordersofCroatianIndustrialPolicyintheFieldofTaxationandTech-nological”(togetherwithA.NanićandA.Jukić),Advancement–InternationalConfer-enceontheRoleofEurope’sIndustryinthe21stCentury–TheInstituteofEconomicsZagreb(EIZ),Zagreb,Croatia,November2013.

“FinesandCivilMechanismsofRedressAgainstCartelsintheEnergySector”,InternationalSymposium:Energy-andEnvironmentalLawWithSpecialFocusonRenewableEnergy,FreieUniversitätBerlin,UniversityofSplit,Split,Croatia,May2014.

Leif Klinkert“ProblemsofStatutoryConstraintsonDivi-dendDistributionswithaFocuson §268(8)HGB”,PosterPresentation,Scien-tificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

Sarah LindebergCommenton:HarmvandenBroek,“Com-batingHybridMismatches”,2ndMaxPlanckEuropeanPostdoctoralConferenceonTaxLaw,MPlforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2013.

Angelika Meindl“ComparisonoftheBVerfG’sandtheECHR’sJurisprudence”,PosterPresentation,Scien-tificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

“BeneficialOwnershipindenUSA”,MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2013.

toshiko Miyamoto“AStudyonInternationalInheritanceTaxintheEU”,JointSeminarofKansaiUniversityTaxLawSociety,RitsumeikanUniversityTaxLaw,andPublicFinanceSociety,Kyoto,Japan,May2014.

“Cross-borderReorganizationandExitTaxintheEU”,JointSeminarofKansaiUniversityTaxLawSociety,RitsumeikanUniversityTaxLaw,andPublicFinanceSociety,Kyoto,Japan,October2014.

Bianca Mostacatto“Managers’DutieswithRegardtoTaxPlan-ning:aComparativeAnalysis”,PosterPres-entation,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

marta oliveros Castelon“InternationalTaxationofIncomefromEnterpriseServices:AttributionofTaxCompetenceundertheOECD-,UN-andUS-ModelDTCs”,PosterPresentation,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

“InternationalTaxationofIncomefromSer-vicesunderDoubleTaxationConventions”,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,January2013.

“InternationalTaxationofIncomefromEnterpriseServicesunderDoubleTaxationConventions”,PosterPresentationatthe“EATLPDoctorateSeminaronEuropeanTaxLaw”,Vienna,Austria,February2013.

“TaxationofCross-borderServices”,IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013.

“GermanTaxLawinLightoftheConstitu-tion&BrazilianTaxLawinLightoftheCon-stitution”,LectureattheHeidelbergUniver-sity–FourthColloquiumonAspectsofthePortuguese-SpeakingWorld:German-andPortuguese-SpeakingLegalTraditionsandLegalTerminology,Heidelberg,June2014.

“GermanTaxLawinLightoftheConstitu-tion&BrazilianTaxLawinLightoftheConstitution”,LectureattheLawFacultyoftheUniversityofSãoPaulo(viawebinar),Munich-SãoPaulo(webinar),November2014.


christine osterloh-Konrad“ErmittlungdesNachlasses:Informations-ansprücheimErbrecht”,7.Deutscher Erbrechtstag,Berlin,March2012.

“GestaltungsfreiheitimSteuerrecht”,Habili-tandenkolloquium,MPIforComparativeandInternationalPrivateLaw,Hamburg,April2013.

Commenton:PatriciaF.AppsandRayRees,“OptimalTaxationofCapitalIncome”,Munich-Sydney-ConferenceontheLawandEconomicsofTaxation,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandUniversityofSydney,Munich,September2013.

“GestaltungsmissbrauchimSteuerrecht”,IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013.

“DieBesteuerungvonPersonengesell-schaften”,PanelDiscussion,DeutschesAnwaltsinstitute.V.,Munich,October2013.

Commenton:HannaFilipczyk,“IsTaxAvoidance(Im)Moral?Ethics,MetaethicsandTaxes”,2ndMaxPlanckEuropeanPost-doctoralConferenceonTaxLaw,MPlforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2013.

“GefangeninderVor-undNacherbschaft?”,WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,July2014.

susanne Risch“DieGenferWertpapierkonvention”,WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,May2013.

erik Röder“TowardsaCommonCorporateTaxBase”,Presentation,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,July2012.

“DieKommanditgesellschaftimRechtsver-gleich:Hintergründefürdieunterschiedli-cheKarriereeinerRechtsform”,WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,October2012.

“DasKonzepteinerCCTBplus:EinVorschlagzurNutzungdesvollenPotentialseinerhar-monisiertenBemessungsgrundlage”, CCCTB–neuesLeitbildfürdieUnterneh-mensbesteuerunginEuropa?,16.Vor-trags-undDiskussionsveranstaltungderDüsseldorferVereinigungfürSteuerrecht,Heinrich-Heine-Universität,Düsseldorf,January2013.

“PerspectivesofCorporateTaxHarmonisa-tioninEurope”(togetherwithProf.Dr.C.Spengel),PAKTPolicyConference,Landes-vertretungBaden-WürttembergbeiderEU-Kommission,Brussels,Belgium,April2013.

Commenton:CelesteM.Black,“Account-ingforCarbonEmissionAllowancesintheEuropeanUnion:InSearchofConsistency”,Munich-Sydney-ConferenceontheLawandEconomicsofTaxation,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,September2013.

Commenton:MaximilianHaag,“TypischeProblemederUnternehmensnachfolge:MitunternehmerschaftundNießbrauchimLichtevonEinkommensteuerundErbschaft-steuer“,3rdAnnualMeetingoftheAlumniAssociationoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,No-vember2013.

Commenton:FrederikBoulogne,“Short-comingsintheMergerDirective”,2nd Max PlanckEuropeanPostdoctoralConferenceonTaxLaw,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2013.

“GermanCases:C-560/13(Wagner-Raith)andC-559/13(Grünewald)”,RecentandPendingCasesattheECJonDirectTaxation,ViennaUniversityofEconomicsandBusi-ness,Vienna,Austria,November2013.

“VomSinnundUnsinndesNutzungsaus-gleichsbeiderRückabwicklungvonVerträ-gen”,StaffRetreat,DepartmentofBusinessandTaxLaw,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,February2014.


“ReformüberlegungenzumRechtderGbR”,WorkshopPrivatrecht,JuristischeFakultätderLudwig-Maximilians-Universität,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität,Munich,July2014.

“EntstrickungsbesteuerungimBinnenmarkt–NotwendigkeitundAusgestaltungeinerHarmonisierung”,MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2014.

“DievorzeitigeBeendigungvonDarlehens-verträgengegenVorfälligkeitsentschädigungimSpannungsfeldvonRechtsfortbildungundKodifizierung”,„RichterlicheRechts-fortbildungundkodifiziertesRichterrecht“–25.TagungderGesellschaftjungerZivil-rechtswissenschaftler,UniversitätzuKöln,Cologne,September2014.

“GermanLPandUSLLC:InsightsintotheEvolutionoftwoEquivalentBusinessEnti-ties”,FacultyTalk,UniversityofFlorida,LevinCollegeofLaw,Gainesville,USA,November2014.

“HarmonisationofCorporateExitTaxation:NeedandPerspectives”,ResearchSeminarSeries–MichaelmasTerm2014,OxfordUniversityCentreforBusinessTaxation,Oxford,UK,November2014.

Wolfgang Schön“MaterielleGestaltungsschwerpunkte–Personen-undKapitalgesellschaften”,PanelChair,FachinstitutfürSteuerrecht,DeutschesAnwaltsinstitute.V.,Munich,January2012.

“ReformoptionenbeiderEinkommen-steuer”,CDU/CSU-Fraktion,Klausursitzung,BayerischeLandesvertretungBerlin,Berlin,February2012.

“CorporateGovernanceundSteuern”,Dah-lemLecturesonFACTS,CorporateGover-nance:aktuelleProbleme,FreieUniversitätBerlin,Berlin,February2012.

“PerspektivenderUnternehmensbesteue-rung”,HaarmannSteuerkonferenz2012,Berlin,March2012.

“AktuelleFragenzumEuropäischenSteuer-undGesellschaftsrecht”,63.Steuerrecht-licheJahresarbeitstagungUnternehmen2012,1.Generalthema,Arbeitsgemein-schaftderFachanwältefürSteuerrechte.V.,Wiesbaden,May2012.

“Euro-undStaatsschuldenkrisealsHe-rausforderungandienationaleundeu-ropäischeSteuerpolitik”,WeichenstellungderdeutschenundeuropäischenSteuer-politik,IFSt-Jahrestagung2012,HausderdeutschenWirtschaft,Berlin,June2012.

“TransferPricingandIntegrationBenefits”,IntangiblesandTransferPricing,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,INTR,DeutscheIFA,Munich,July2012.

“GrenzenderDurchsetzbarkeitdesRechts”,ConvocoForum2012,ZwischenSeinundSollen–KollektiverRechtsbruchalsGefahrfürunsereFreiheit,UniversitätSalzburg,Mozarteum,Salzburg,Austria,July2012.

“TaxingMultinationalsinEurope”,SeminaronInternationalTaxReform,HarvardLawSchool,Woodstock,USA,August2012.

“TaxingMultinationalsinEurope”,Munich-Tokyo-ConferenceonFederalPublicEconomics,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,September2012.

“InternationalAllocationoftheCorporateTaxBase”,ConferenceinHonorofHughAult,Boston,USA,September2012.

“FromGlobalNetworkstoGlobal Science?”,NetworkofTrust:WilltheNewSocialMediaChangeGlobalScience?,PanelDiscussion,6thForumontheInternation-alizationofSciencesandHumanities,Alex-andervonHumboldtFoundation,Berlin,October2012.

“MaterielleGestaltungsschwerpunkte–Personen-undKapitalgesellschaften”,PanelChair,FachinstitutfürSteuerrecht,DeutschesAnwaltsinstitute.V.,Munich,January2013.


“TaxingMultinationalsinEurope”,FacultyofLaw,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK,March2013.

“TransferPricingandIntegrationBenefits”,SaïdBusinessSchool,CentreforBusinessTaxation,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK,March2013.

“Returns,RisksandRents:HowtoTaxInternationalBusinessIncome”,TaxingMultinationals:TheInternationalAllocationoftheTaxBase,MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance,CentreforBusinessTaxation,OxfordUniversity,Oxford,UK,March2013.

“DiedeutscheVerhandlungsgrundlagefürDoppelbesteuerungsabkommen”,PanelDis-cussion,FederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,April2013.

“DasgroßeinternationaleSteuer-Spiel”,Thinkers’Corner,HochschulefürPhiloso-phie,Munich,May2013.

“AktuelleFragenzumEuropäischenSteuer-undGesellschaftsrecht”,64.Steuerrecht-licheJahresarbeitstagungUnternehmen2013,1.Generalthema,Arbeitsgemein-schaftderFachanwältefürSteuerrechte.V.,Wiesbaden,May2013.

“WelcomingAddress”,OpeningCeremonyMaxPlanckInstituteLuxembourgforInter-national,EuropeanandRegulatoryProce-duralLaw,Luxembourg,May2013.

“BasicsforBEPS:HowtoTaxInternationalBusinessIncome”,ATOZChairforEuropeanandInternationalTaxation,UniversityofLuxembourg,Luxembourg,May2013.

“LeitideendesSteuerrechts,LeitgedankendesRechts”,Symposiumanlässlichdes70.GeburtstagesvonPaulKirchhof,AlteUniver-sität,Heidelberg,June2013.

“InternationalCompetitivenessofTaxSystems”,InternationalTaxConference:ProtectingtheTaxBase,ConfederationofSwedishEnterprise,Stockholm,Sweden,June2013.

“DieFunktiondesUnternehmenssteuer-rechtsimEinkommensteuerrecht”,Erneue-

rungdesSteuerrechts,38thAnnualMeetingoftheDeutscheSteuerjuristischeGesell-schafte.V.,HumboldtUniversitätzuBerlin,Berlin,September2013.

“InternationalTaxationofRisk”,Munich-Sydney-ConferenceontheLawandEconom-icsofTaxation,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandUniversityofSydney,Munich,September2013.

“RiskandTaxation–theLegalView”, IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013.

“VonderRechtsdogmatikzurRechtsökono-mie:LaudatioaufGerhardWagner”,Lau-datioanlässlichderVerleihungdesPreisesderBerlin-BrandenburgischenAkademiederWissenschaften(gestiftetvonderCom-merzbank-Stiftung)anProfessorGerhardWagner,Berlin,November2013.

“Steuerpolitik2013:EinSteuerrechtfürdieWissensgesellschaft”,49.BerlinerSteuer-gespräch,SteuerpolitischePerspektivenderneuenLegislaturperiode,Berlin,November2013.

“GrenzüberschreitungenimSteuerrecht,Steuerrechtswissenschaft:Disziplinierung–Grundfragen–Koordinaten”,Workshop,SchlossMickeln,Düsseldorf,November2013.

VerabschiedungundEinführunganlässlichdes“Stabwechsels”,MPIforComparativePublicLawandInternationalLaw,Heidel-berg,November2013.

“Tribute,`TheAnthropocene´Symposium”,80thBirthdayofPaulCrutzen,Mainz,De-cember2013.

“InternationalTaxationofRisk(Shifting)”,BaseErosionandProfitShifting:ARoadmapforReform,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,INTR,Munich,January2014.

“TheIncreasingPressuretoImplementTaxStrategyandTaxRiskManagement”,Panelist,3rdAnnualWTSInternationalTaxConference,Munich,January2014.


“DieZukunftdesUnternehmens-undInter-nationalenSteuerrechts”,HaarmannSteuer-konferenz2014,Berlin,February2014.

“WelcomeAddress”,OpeningCeremony,PopulationEuropeExhibition,Berlin,April2014.

“RecentCasesoftheGermanConstitutionalCourtinMattersofTaxation”,PekingUniver-sity,Beijing,China,May2014.

“InternationalCompetitionandGermanTaxPolicy”,SummerConference2014:TaxCom-petitionandBEPS,SaïdBusinessSchool,OxfordUniversityCentreforBusinessTaxa-tion,Oxford,UK,June2014.

“Introduction”,ConvocoForum,Unterlassen–DieanspruchsvollsteFormdesHandelns?EinPlädoyerfürMassundZiel,Mozarteum,Salzburg,Austria,July2014.

“InternationalTaxationofRisk”,DavisPolk&WardwellColumbiaLawSchoolTaxPolicyColloquium,ColumbiaLawSchool,NewYork,USA,September2014.

“InternationalTaxationofRisk”,TheJamesHausmanTaxLawandPolicyWorkshop Series,UniversityofToronto,FacultyofLaw,Toronto,Canada,October2014.

“NeutralityandTerritoriality–CompetingorConvergingConceptsinEuropeanTaxLaw?”,Klaus-Vogel-Lecture,WirtschaftsuniversitätWien,Austria,Vienna,October2014.

“Eröffnung,Moderation,Podiumsdiskus-sion”,14.IStR-Jahrestagung2014,Berlin,November2014.

“WissenschaftlicheEinführung”,InternationalTaxAuditForumMünchen–Grenzüberschrei-tendeBetriebsprüfungen,ITAXAuslandsfach-prüfertagung,Munich,November2014.

“DieAuswirkungenvonBaseErosionandProfitShifting(BEPS)aufCorporateGover-nanceundRechnungslegung”,56.IDWAr-beitstagung,Baden-Baden,November2014.

“NeutralitätundTerritorialität–GegensätzeoderGrundsätzedesEuropäischenSteuer-rechts?,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,December2014.

Julian schroeder“DieProspekthaftungdesEmittentenundseinerVorstandsmitgliedernachden§§21ff.WpPGund§§20ff.VermAnlG,Stifterver-bandfürdiedeutscheWissenschaft”.An-nualConferenceoftheWorkingGroupforBusinessandLaw(ArbeitskreisWirtschaftundRecht),Munich,May2014.

Mirna Solange Screpante“TheTaxationofSoftwarebetweenArgenti-naandGermany.”StaffRetreat,DepartmentofBusinessandTaxLaw,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,February2013.

Amelie Singer“DasCommonEuropeanSalesLawimLichtedesInternationalenPrivatrechts”,StaffRe-treat,DepartmentofBusinessandTaxLaw,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,February2013.

“DasCommonEuropeanSalesLawimLichtedesInternationalenPrivatrechts”,Doktoran-denseminar,Albert-Ludwigs-UniversityofFreiburg,Freiburg,April2013.

christian Sternberg Commenton:FangfangTan,“LearningDynamicsinTaxEvasion”,IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013.

“OTCDerivativesintheLightofEMIRClear-ingObligationsandtheFTT”,IBFDFTTConf-erence,Madrid,Spain,February2014.

“FormelaufteilungnachderGKKBundVölk-ergewohnheitsrecht”,StaffRetreat,Depart-mentofBusinessandTaxLaw,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,February2014.

“FormulaApportionmentintheEU”,Doctor-alMeetingforStudentsofInternationalTaxLaw,Amsterdam,Netherlands,May2014.

“EuropeanFinancialTransactionTax–ScopeandInterplaywithEuropeanMarketRegula-


tion”,ResearchSeminar,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,July2014.

Martina Sunde“DieintegrativeKraftderAssoziierungskom-petenz–oderwiederEuGHmitSonder-rechteneinzelnerMitgliedstaatenumgeht”,PAKT-Workshop,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,May2014.


iii editorial services

Wolfgang Schön

BookSeries

SeriesCo-editor:MPI Studies in Tax Law and Public Finance.

SeriesCo-editor:Rechtsordnung und Steuerwesen.

Journals

ManagingEditor:Zeitschrift für das gesamte Handelsrecht und Wirtschaftsrecht.

Co-editor:Deutsche Steuer-Zeitung.

MemberoftheEditorialAdvisoryPanel: Der Konzern.

Co-editor: Internationales Steuerrecht.

Co-editor:World Tax Journal.

MemberoftheAdvisoryBoard:European Business Organization Law Review.

MemberoftheAdvisoryBoard:Dirito e Practica Tributaria Internazionale.

MemberoftheEditorialAdvisoryPanel:British Tax Review.

Networks

Co-editor:Social Science Research Network/ Max Planck Institute for Tax Law & Public Finance Research Paper Series.

iv Activities and Memberships

Anastasios AndrianesisMember,Gesellschaftsrechtliche Vereinigung–WissenschaftlicheVereinigungfürUnternehmens-undGesellschaftsrecht(VGR)e.V.

Chiara BalbinotMember,Deutsch-ItalienischeJuristenver-einigunge.V.

Birke Häcker Fellow,AllSoulsCollege,Universityof Oxford.

Fellow,EuropeanLawInstitute,Brussels/Vienna.

Member,GesellschaftfürRechtsverglei-chunge.V.

Member,Habilitand(inn)enzirkel, Zukunftsfakultät,RechtimKontext:Rechts-kulturen,WissenschaftskollegzuBerlin.

Lehrbeauftragte,FacultyofLaw,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich.

MenteeoftheLudwig-Maximilians-Univer-sitätMünchenExcellence-Program.

Andreas eggertMember,InternationalFiscalAssociation(IFA).

Member,DeutscheSteuerjuristischeGe-sellschaft(DStJG).

Member,AugsburgerForumfürSteuer-recht.

Caroline heber Member,InternationalFiscalAssociation(IFA).


Member,YoungIFANetwork(YIN).

Member,AustralasianTaxTeacherAssocia-tion(ATTA).

Alexander HellgardtElectedScientificStaffEmployeetotheHumanSciencesSectionandtheScientificCounciloftheMaxPlanckSociety,untilJune2014.

Member,Institute’sCommittee,untilJune2014.

Member,BoardoftheMPDL,untilJune2014.

Member,GermanLawyers’Association(DeutscherJuristentag).

Member,German-AmericanLawyersAs-sociation(Deutsch-AmerikanischeJuristen-vereinigunge.V.).

Member,FriendsoftheHamburgMaxPlanckInstituteforComparativeandInter-nationalPrivateLaw(FreundedesHamburg-erMax-Planck-InstitutsfürausländischesundinternationalesPrivatrechte.V.).

Member,GesellschaftsrechtlicheVereini-gung–WissenschaftlicheVereinigungfürUnternehmens-undGesellschaftsrechte.V.(VGR).

Member,GesellschaftJungerZivilrechtswis-senschaftlere.V.(GJZ).

Fellow,EuropeanLawInstitute.

Member,HarvardLawSchoolAssociationofGermany e.V.

Lehrbeauftragter,FacultyofLaw,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich.

Yasmin holmMember,Institute’sCommittee,sinceJuly2014.

Bianca Mostacatto Member,BrazilianLawyers’Association(OrdemdosAdvogadosdoBrasil).

AssistantProfessorofLaw,FacultyofLaw,UniversidadeCandidoMendes,RiodeJaneiro,Brasil.

Member,ASABelow40(ASA–AssociationSuissed’Arbitrage).

toshiko MiyamotoMember,InternationalFiscalAssociation(IFA).

MemberoftheBoard,TheJapaneseSocietyfor Tax Law.

marta oliveros CastelonMember,InternationalFiscalAssociation(IFA).

Member,German-BrazilianLawAssociation(Deutsch-BrasilianischeJuristenvereini-gung).

christine osterloh-KonradMember,DeutscheSteuerjuristischeGe-sellschaft(DStJG).

Member,GermanLawyers’Association(DeutscherJuristentag).

Member,GesellschaftjungerZivilrechtswis-senschaftlere.V.(GJZ).

Member,ArbeitsgemeinschaftErbrechtdesDAV.

Member,GesellschaftsrechtlicheVereini-gung–WissenschaftlicheVereinigungfürUnternehmens-undGesellschaftsrechte.V.(VGR).

Lehrbeauftragte,FacultyofLaw,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich.

MenteeoftheLudwig-Maximilians-Univer-sitätMünchenExcellence-Program.


Leopoldo ParadaMember,ChileanBarAssociation.

Member,AmericanBarAssociation(ABA),SectionofTaxation,2012-2014.

Member,2015IRSDirectoryofTaxPrepar-erswithProfessionalCredentialsandotherSelectedQualifications.

erik RöderMember,Institute’sCommittee,sinceJuly2014.


Member,GesellschaftJungerZivilrechtswis-senschaftlere.V.(GJZ).

Lehrbeauftragter,FacultyofLaw,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich.

Wolfgang Schön

ResearchandTeachingPositions

HonoraryProfessor,FacultyofLaw,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,since2002.

VicePresident,MaxPlanckSociety,Munich,06/2008–06/2014.

VicePresident,GermanResearchFounda-tion(DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft),Bonn,since07/2014.

FellowshipsandHonours

InternationalResearchFellow,OxfordUni-versityCentreofBusinessTaxation,since2006.

Member,GlobalLawFaculty,NewYorkUni-versity,since2009.

ProfessionalActivities

Expert,DeutscherBundestag,CommitteeofFiscalAffairs,since1995.

Member,ScientificCommittee,GermanTaxLawAssociation,since1995.

Member,GermanLawProfessors’WorkingGrouponAccountingLaw,since1996.

WorkingGroupforBusinessandLaw(Ar- beitskreis“WirtschaftundRecht”imStifter-verbandfürdiedeutscheWissenschaft),since1997.

Member,BoardofTrustees,International BureauofFiscalDocumentation,since2003.

Member,BoardofTrustees,BerlinerSteuer-gesprächee.V.,since2003.

Member,PermanentScientificCommittee,InternationalFiscalAssociation,since2005.

Member,BoardoftheInternationalFiscal Association,GermanBranch,since2005.

Member,ResearchBoard,Ludwig-Maximil-ians-UniversitätMünchen,since2006.

Member,BoardofTrustees,HertieSchoolofGovernance,since2008.

Member,SenateoftheMaxPlanckSociety,2008–2014.

Member,BoardofTrustees,MaxPlanckFoundation,2008–2014.

ViceChair,PermanentScientificCommittee,InternationalFiscalAssociation,2008–2014.

Member,BoardofTrustees,ifo-InstitutfürWirtschaftsforschunge.V.,since2009.

Member,ExecutiveBoard,MaxPlanck LuxembourgFoundation,2012–2014.

Member,BoardofTrustees,BayerischeStaatsbibliotheke.V.,since2013.

Member,ScientificAdvisoryBoard,LeibnizScienceCampusMaTax,since2014.

Member,Arbeitskreis“Verrechnungspreise”derSchmalenbachGesellschaft,since2014.


Memberships in Scientific Associa-tions

GermanLawyers’Association(Deutscher Juristentag),since1986.

VATForum(Umsatzsteuer-Forume.V.),since1988.

GermanAssociationofCivilLawTeachers(Zivilrechtslehrervereinigung),since1992.

Member,DeutscheSteuerjuristischeGe-sellschaft(DStJG),since1995.

GermanAssociationforBusinessandCom-panyLaw(WissenschaftlicheVereinigungfürUnternehmens-undGesellschaftsrecht),since1996.

FachinstitutderSteuerberater,since1996.

EuropeanAssociationofTaxLawProfessors(EATLP),since1999.

InternationalFiscalAssociation(IFA),since2003.

christian SternbergMember,InternationalFiscalAssociation(IFA).

Member,YoungIFANetwork.


Member,WestfälischerSteuerkreis.

v teaching

Anastasios AndrianesisTutorialon“CivilLawforForeignStudents”(ZivilrechtfürausländischeStudierende),LL.M.Program,LawFaculty,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.

Hugh AultSeminaron“OECDTreatyNegotiationsProcess”,HeidelbergUniversity(ProfE.Reimer),19-20April2013.

Birke Häcker Lectureon“EinführungindasenglischeRecht”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2011/12.

Lectureon“EinführungindasenglischeRecht”Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2012.

“DenReichennehmen,denArmengeben:VonRäubern,BanditenundPiratenin‘sozialerMission’”,SummerAcademyoftheGermanScholarshipFoundation(togetherwithProf.Dr.P.Wittig),SanGiovanniinValleAurina,AltoAdige,Italy,18-31August2013.

Alexander HellgardtCorporateandSecuritiesLaw,MunichUniversitySummerTraininginGermanandEuropeanLaw,Ludwig-Maximilians-Univer-sitätMünchen,Munich,July2012.

Arbeitsgemeinschaftzu“GrundkursimZivilrechtI”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.

RechtstheoretischesKolloquium“Öffent- lichesRechtundPrivatrecht“(togetherwithDr.S.Unger),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2013.


Grundlagenseminar“Verfassungsge-richtsentscheidungenzumPrivatrecht“(togetherwithProf.Dr.Dr.h.c.W.Schön,Dr.C.Osterloh-Konrad,Dr.E.Röder),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2013.

“CorporateandSecuritiesLaw”,CoursefortheMunichUniversitySummerTraininginGermanandEuropeanLaw,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,July2013.

RechtstheoretischesKolloquium“Interdis-ziplinaritätimRecht”(togetherwithDr.S.Unger),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2013/14.

“IntroductiontoEnglishLaw”,LectureSeries,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2014.

RechtstheoretischesKolloquium“Interdis-ziplinaritätimRecht”(togetherwithDr.S.Unger),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2013/14.

Lecture“EuropäischesundinternationalesUnternehmensrecht”(togetherwithProf.Dr.Schön),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2014.

CorporateandSecuritiesLaw,CoursefortheMunichUniversitySummerTraininginGermanandEuropeanLaw,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,July2014.

Yasmin holmArbeitsgemeinschaftzu“GrundkursÖffent-lichesRechtII(Grundrechte)”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2013.

Arbeitsgemeinschaftzu“GrundkursÖffent-lichesRechtI(Staatsorganisationsrecht)”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2013/14.

christine KomisarczykExaminatoriumzumSteuerrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2012.

stefan KreutzerArbeitsgemeinschaftzu“GrundkursZivil-rechtI”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2014/15.

Sara LindebergLecture“ParticipationExemptionRegime”,BINorwegianBusinessSchool,Oslo,Nor-way,November2013.

marta oliveros CastelonFachsprachkurs“BrazilianConstitutionalandTaxLawandonBrazilianLegalTerminology”(Linguagemetemasjurídicosbrasileiros4),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2012.

Fachsprachkurs“BrazilianConstitutionalandTaxLawandonBrazilianLegalTerminology”(Linguagemetemasjurídicosbrasileiros4),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.

AdvancedCourseon“BrazilianConsti-tutionalandTaxLawandonBrazilianLegalTerminology”(Linguagemetemasjurídicosbrasileiros4),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.

Lecture“IntroductiontoBrazilianCon-stitutionalandTaxLawandtoBrazilianLegalTerminology”(Linguagemetemasjurídicosbrasileiros1),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2013.

Lecture“CurrentQuestionsofBrazilianLaw1(AktuelleFragendesbrasilianischenRechts1),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2013/14.


Lecture“CurrentQuestionsofBrazilianLaw1(AktuelleFragendesbrasilianischenRechts1),Lecture,Ludwig-Maximilians-University,Munich,WinterTerm2014/15.

christine osterloh-KonradGrundlagenseminar“Verfassungsge-richtsentscheidungenzumPrivatrecht“(togetherwithProf.Dr.Dr.h.c.W.Schön,Dr.A.Hellgardt,Dr.E.Röder),Ludwig-Maximili-ans-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2013.

Lecture“UnternehmenssteuerrechtII–KörperschaftenundUmwandlungssteuer-recht”(togetherwithProf.Dr.Dr.h.c.W.Schön),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2013.

Lecture“UnternehmenssteuerrechtII–KörperschaftenundUmwandlungssteuer-recht”(togetherwithDr.E.Röder),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2014.

erik RöderLecture“UnternehmenssteuerrechtII –KörperschaftenundUmwandlungssteuer-recht”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2012.

RecentTrendsinEUTaxLaw,CoursefortheLL.M.-Program“InternationalTaxLaw”(8hours),ViennaUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness/AkademiederWirtschaft-streuhänder,Vienna,Austria,May2013.

Lecture“UnternehmenssteuerrechtII–KörperschaftenundUmwandlungssteuer- recht”(togetherwithDr.C.Osterloh-Konrad),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2014.

ExaminatoriumSteuerrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2013/2014.

Course“MultinationalEnterprisesandtheLaw,”UniversityofFlorida–LevinCollegeofLaw,Gainesville,USAFall2014.

Wolfgang SchönSeminar“GrenzüberschreitendeUnterneh-menimEuropäischenSteuer-undGesellschaftsrecht”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2011/12.

Grundlagenseminar“Verfassungsgerichts-entscheidungenzumPrivatrecht”(togetherwithDr.A.Hellgardt,Dr.C.Osterloh-Konrad,Dr.E.Röder),Ludwig-Maximilians-Univer-sitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2013.

Lecture“UnternehmenssteuerrechtII–Kör-perschaftenundUmwandlungssteuerrecht”(togetherwithDr.C.Osterloh-Konrad),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2013.

Seminar“EuropäischesUnternehmens-recht”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2013/14.

Lecture“EuropäischesundinternationalesUnternehmensrecht”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2014.

Lecture“EuropeanTaxLaw”,ColumbiaLawSchool,NewYork,USA,FallTerm2014.

Seminar“UnternehmensbesteuerungundVerfassungsrecht”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2014/15.

Lecture“TrendsinEUTaxLaw”,Wirtschafts-universitätWien,Austria,October2014.

Amelie Singer Tutoriumzu“GrundkursZivilrecht”(Prof.Lorenz),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.

PropädeutischeÜbungzu“GrundkursZivil-recht”(Prof.Lorenz),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.


Vi Awards and Prizes

philipp AignerAcademic Prize of the Munich Chamber ofTaxConsultants(SteuerberaterkammerMünchen),in2013.

Andreas eggertMitchellB.CarrollPrize2014bytheInterna-tionalFiscalAssociation(IFA)forhisdoctoralthesis,in2014.

Caroline heberTheFirstDerivativesandFinancialInstru-mentsAwardforthecontribution“Over-the-CounterDerivativeMarketsinLightofRegulationandTaxation”(togetherwithChristianSternberg),in2014.

HonorableMention(2ndprize)inthecom-petitionfortheMauriceLauréPrize2014,in2014.

christian MarquartAcademic Prize of the Munich Chamber ofTaxConsultants(SteuerberaterkammerMünchen),in2014.

PromotionPrizeoftheEsche-Schümann-Commichau-Prizeforhisdoctoralthesis,in2014.

Gerhard-ThomaPrizeofHonuor(Fachinsti-tutderSteuerberatere.V.),in2014.

Carlo PohlhausenUniversityPrice(2ndprize)ofthe“DeutschesAktieninstitut”forhisdoctoralthesis,in2013.

philipp RedekerFacultyPrizeoftheLawFacultyofLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchenforhisdoctoralthesis,in2012

Ph.D.ThesisAwardoftheMünchnerUniversitätsgesellschaft,GesellschaftvonFreundenundFörderernderUniversitätMünchen,e.V.,in2012.

Wolfgang SchönThecollectivevolume“LegalRulesfortheClosedCorporation”byGregorBachmann,HorstEidenmüller,AndreasEngert,HolgerFleischerandWolfgangSchönwasselectedasoneofthe“LegalBooksoftheYear2014”in Germany.

simon stepperTaxLawMootCourtCompetitionorganizedbytheFederalFiscalCourt(Bundesfinanz-hof).MemberoftheWinningTeam,in2012.

christian SternbergTheFirstDerivativesandFinancialInstru-mentsAwardforthecontribution“Over-the-CounterDerivativeMarketsinLightofRegulationandTaxation”(togetherwithCarolineHeber),in2014.

Jieyin tangSecondAwardoftheOutstandingAchieve-mentPrizeforSocialSciencesandPhiloso-phyinBeijingforthebestpaper,in2012.


vii Habilitation, ph.D. and Master’s theses

1. Habilitation theses

a) Supervised by Wolfgang Schön

WorkinProgress

Alexander Hellgardt:RegulierungdurchPrivatrecht.

christine osterloh-Konrad:Gestaltungsfrei-heitimSteuerrecht.

erik Röder:NutzungsherausgabeundNut-zungsersatz.

b) external supervisors

WorkinProgress

Birke Häcker:VermächtnisundPrivatau-tonomie(ReinhardZimmermann,Univer-sitätRegensburg,andBuceriusLawSchool).

Caroline heber:EnhancedCooperationPro-cedureandTaxLaw(WirtschaftsuniversitätWien).

2. Ph.D. theses

a) Supervised by Wolfgang Schön

WorkinProgress

Anastasios Andrianesis:BerichterstattungüberkonzerninterneTransaktionen.

chiara Balbinot: RechtsformneutralitätundBeihilferecht.

Ferdinand Blezinger: GewinnverteilungbeiPersonengesllschaften.

Mauritz von einem:IPMigration–Besteu-erungvonIPHoldinggesellschaften.

Deborah Fries:DasFiskusprivileg.

Mirja Hennigs: EuropäischeGrundfreiheitenundsteuerlichesVerwaltungsverfahren.

carsten Hohmann:DiesteuerlicheBehand-lungvonVerlusteneinerKörperschaftbeiUnternehmenskäufen.

yasmin Holm:SteuerlicheGewinnermittlungbeiBetriebsstätten.

Šime Jozipović: TaxationandStateAidLaw.

Leif Klinkert:BilanzrechtlicheAusschüt-tungssperren.

Ulli Konrad:GleichheitundDifferentia-tion–DieDualeEinkommensteuerundderGleichheitssatz.

Stefan Kreutzer:UmwandlungenderPersonengesellschaftenimsteuerlichenRechtsvergleich.

Nadia Lagdali:KapitalmarktpublizitätindenarabischenLändern.

Angelika Meindl-Ringler:BeneficialOwner-shipinInternationalTaxLaw.

Bianca Mostacatto:Manager’sDutieswithRegardtoTaxPlanning:AComparativeLegalAnalysis.

Marta oliveros castelon:InternationalTaxa-tionofServiceIncome.

thomas poschenrieder:KapitalschutzdesAgioimdeutschenundenglischenRecht.

Susanne Risch:GutgläubigerErwerbundderRangvonRechteninderGenferWert-papierkonvention.

Martina Sunde:FreizügigkeitsabkommenundSteuerrecht-AuslegungimSpannungs-feldvonnationalemRecht,UnionsrechtundVölkerrecht


CompletedWork

Andreas eggert:DieGewinnermittlungnachdemRichtlinienvorschlagübereineGemein-sameKonsolidierteKörperschaftsteuer-Bemessungsgrundlage–VergleichmitderGewinnermittlungnachdemHGB,EStGunddenIFRS(Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen).

Kilian eßwein:PrivatautonomeGestaltungderVorstandshaftung(Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen).

christian Garate: Research&Development&InnovationFiscalIncentiveProvisions(Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen).

christian Marquart:GewinnverlagerungendurchdiegezielteFremdfinanzierungvonUnternehmenundKonzeptezurGegen-steuerung–EinerechtsvergleichendeUn-tersuchungderRegelungeninDeutschland,Australien,Kanada,denUSAunddemVereinigtenKönigreichsowiezurAusgestal-tungdelegeferenda(Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen).

carlo pohlhausen:Unternehmensfina-zierungamKapitalmarktindenarabischenStaaten.(Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen)

InvolvementinForeignDoctoralCom-mittees

Anzhela yevgenyeva:DirectTaxationandtheInternalMarket:AssessingPossibilitiesforaMoreBalancedIntegration(UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK).

Angharad Miller:AnExaminationoftheApproachtotheAllocationoftheTaxBasefromCross-borderEnterpriseServicesintheOECDandUNModelTaxConventions(Insti-tuteofAdvancedLegalStudies,UniversityofLondon,London,UK).

b) external supervisors

WorkinProgress

Sara Dietz:DieUnabhängigkeitderEZB(PeterMichaelHuber,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen).

Leopoldo parada:ComparativeAnalysisoftheProblematicofDoubleNon-Taxation(FranciscoA.GarciaPrats,UniversityofValencia).

Julian Schroeder:DerpersönlicheAnwend-ungsbereichderProspekthaftungnachden§§21ff.WpPGundden§§20ff.VermAnlG(MathiasHabersack,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen).

Amelie Singer:DasCommonEuropeanSalesLawimLichtdesInternationalenPrivat-rechts(Marc-PhilippeWeller,UniversitätFreiburg).

christian Sternberg:FormularyApportion-mentundertheCCCTB(JoachimEnglisch,UniversitätMünster).

christine Watzinger (geb. Komisarczyk): RechtlicheProblemederAusgestaltungvonZahlungsverkehrssystemeninderWirtschafts-undWährungsunion(ChristophHerrmann,UniversitätPassau).

CompletedWork

philipp Aigner:DiesteuerlicheRelevanzdesWegfallsderEinkunftsquellein§20EStGn.F.amBeispielvonKapitalgesell-schaftsanteilundKapitalforderung(MonikaJachmann,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen).

Andreas Gerten:DiesteuerrechtlicheBehandlungvonverdecktenGewinnauss-chüttungeniminternationalenVergleich(JoachimHennrichs,UniversitätKöln).

Alexander Jehlin: DieZinsschranken-regelungdes§4hEStG–einrechtswis-senschaftlicherundökonomischerBeitrag(ChristianSeiler,UniversitätTübingen).


natalia Paxinou:DieBesteuerungvonZinserträgenannatürlichePersonenausdemBlickwinkelGriechenlands(TheodoreFortsakis,UniversityofAthens,Greece).

3. Master’s theses

Wolfgang Schön

WorkinProgress

Máté Kovács:MehrwertsteuerlicheAspektederGesellschaftereinlageninderGrün-dungsphase.

Renato Mendes pellegrini Nahn:DieSi-cherungdesSteuergläubigersbeiWegzugvonGesellschaften.

yong Shang:Unilaterale„subject-to-tax/switch-over“-Klauseln(§§8bAbs.1S.3KStG,50dAbs.8und9EStG).

CompletedWork

Šime Jozipović:DerEinflussdesEU-Beihil-fenrechtsaufdaskroatischeSteuerrecht.

Beatriz Nobre Nunes: GesetzlicheVorgabenfürdieVorstandsvergütungbeiAktiengesell-schaften(Zuständigkeiten,Angemessenheit,Offenlegung).

Gianluca perencin: Deutsch-italienischeErb-schaftsbesteuerung:DoppelbesteuerungundEU-Recht.

Nicole Rode: InternationaleSteuerarbitragedurchhybrideFinanzinstrumente–Prob-lemeundLösungsvorschläge.

Arthur troula Stüssi Neves:VergleichvonArt.24OECD-MAmitEU-Diskriminierungs-verboten.


c eveNtS, coNveNtioNS, AND coMMitteeS

i events of the Department

1. Conferences and other events 4thInternationalDiplomatsProgramme,InternationaleDiplomatenausbildung,Aus-wärtigesAmt,MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,20April2012.

SteuergesetzgebungundSteuersystematik,SymposiumzuEhrenvonHerrnMinisterial-dirigentenEckehardSchmidt,MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,4May2012.

III.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Schliersee,6-8May2012.

IntangiblesandTransferPricing,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,INTR,DeutscheIFA,Munich,3-4July2012.

StaffRetreat,DepartmentofBusinessandTaxLaw,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,25February2013.

TaxingMultinationals:TheInternationalAllocationoftheTaxBase,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,OxfordUniversityCentreforBusinessTaxation,SaïdBusinessSchool,Oxford,UK,18March2013.

Munich-SydneyConferenceontheLawandEconomicsofTaxation,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandUniversityofSydney,Munich,2-3September2013.

IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,22-24September2013.

2ndMaxPlanckEuropeanPostdoctoralConferenceonTaxLaw,MPlforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,25-26November2013.

BaseErosionandProfitShifting:ARoadmapforReform,MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance,INTR,Munich,24-25January2014.

StaffRetreat,DepartmentofBusinessandTaxLaw,MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,24February2014.

2. mPi Lecture series Peter melz,Professor,StockholmUniversity,Sweden,EarnedIncomeorCapitalIncome?–SomeStructuralQuestionsConcerningClassification,26March2012.

marc Desens,Professor,UniversitätLeipzig,ReformvorschlägezurVermeidungderUmsatzsteuerdefinitivbelastungbeiKörper-schaftendesöffentlichenRechts,17April2012.

tina ehrke-Rabel,Professor,Karl-Franzens-UniversitätGraz,Austria,AuslegungdesSteuerrechtsimSpannungsfeldzwischenunionsrechtlichenVorgabenundnationalenNormen,18June2012.

Graeme Cooper,Professor,UniversityofSydney,SydneyLawSchool,Australia,Inter-nationalExperiencewithStatutoryGeneralAnti-AvoidanceRules,11September2012.

Michael Droege, Professor, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversitätMainz,DieKodifika-tionsideeinderSteuerrechtsordnung,24September2012.

Roland ismer,Professor,UniversitätErlan-gen-Nürnberg,GrundfragenderBesteuerungdesFinanzsektors,15October2012.

Johannes Kippenberg,VerlagC.H.Beck,20JahreZeitschriftIStR,4December2012.

105events, conventions, and committees 105

Andreas Musil,Professor,UniversitätPots-dam,DieSichtderSteuerrechtswissenschaftaufdasVerfassungsrecht,12December2012.

Luis eduardo schoueri,LL.M.,Professor,SãoPaulo,Brazil,TaxSparing:AReconsiderationoftheReconsideration,14January2013.

Deborah schanz,Professor,Ludwig-Maxi-milians-UniversitätMünchen,TaxAttractive-nessandtheLocationofGerman-ControlledSubsidiaries,4February2013.

Hugh J. Ault,Professor,BostonCollegeLawSchool,Boston,USA,SomeReflectionsontheOECDandtheSourcesofInternationalTaxPrinciples,2May2013.

Michael Dirkis,Professor,SydneyLawSchool,Sydney,Australia,BaseErosionandProfitShifting–TheAustralianResponse,22July2013.

Lee A. sheppard,TaxAnalysts,FallsChurch,USA,TheTwilightoftheInternationalCon-sensus,26November2013.

Yariv Brauner,Professor,LevinCollegeofLaw,Gainsville,USA,InternationalTaxPolicyandDevelopment,5December2013.

Georg Kofler, LL.M., Professor, Linz, Austria, IstderSpukdesEuropäischenSteuerrechtsbaldvorbei?,4February2014.

Juliane Kokott, Professor, Gerichtshof der EuropäischenUnion,Luxemburg,Der unionsrechtlicheallgemeineGleichheitssatzimEuropäischenSteuerrecht,3April2014.

hanno Kube,Professor,UniversitätMainz,DieSchwierigkeitjudikativerSystembildungimEuropäischenErtragsteuerrecht,5May2014.

Ruth mason,Professor,UniversityofVirgin-ia,Charlottesville,USA,CitizenshipTaxation,22May2014.

miranda stewart,Professor,UniversityofMelbourne,Australia,PastandFutureoftheTaxState,8July2014.

Michael Lang,Professor,Wirt-schaftsu-niversitätWien,Vienna,Austria,Istdie

RechtsprechungdesEuGHzudenfinalenVerlustenamEnde?,6October2014.

Alexander Rust,LL.M.,Professor,Wirt-schaftsuniversitätWien,Vienna,Austria,DerBEPS-AktionsplanzudenhybridenFinanzinstrumentenundseineVereinbarkeitmitdenGleichbehandlungsgeboten,4No-vember2014.

Wolfgang Schön, Professor, MPI for Tax Law andPublicFinance,NeutralitätundTerrito-rialität–GegensätzeoderGrundsätzedesEuropäischenSteuerrechts?,3December2014.

3. Guest Lectures Daniel Deak,Professor,UniversityofBu-dapest,Hungary,andAlexander Hellgardt, SpecialTaxationofFinancialEnterprisesaftertheGlobalFinancialCrisis(BankLevy),7February2012.

chloe Burnett,BarristerandAdjunctLecturer,UniversityofSydney,Sydney,Aus-tralia,Intra-groupDebtattheCrossroads:Stand-alonevsWorldwideApproach,14January2013.

Alexia Kardachaki,IFAResearcher,IBFD,Amsterdam,Netherlands,VATAspectsofOutsourcing,andTaxAspectsofInternatio-nalNon-TaxAgreements,23January2013.

Ayelet shachar,Professor,UniversityofToronto,FacultyofLaw,Toronto,Canada,OlympicCitizienship:MigrationandtheGlobalRaceforTalent,18February2013.

James S. Halpern,JudgeattheU.S.TaxCourt,Washington,USA,TheU.S.TaxCourtanditsRoleinU.S.TaxLitigation,22July2013.

Lisa evers, Centre for European Economic Research(ZEW),Mannheim,IntellectualPropertyBoxRegimes:EffectiveTaxRatesandTaxPolicyConsiderations,27November2013.

Jens C. Dammann,Professor,TheUniversityofTexas,Austin,USA,PerspectivesforTrans-atlanticScholarship,2July2014.


4. Münchner Gesprächskreis unternehmensrecht

Dieter Mayer,Professor,Notar,München,DerverschmelzungsrechtlicheSqueezeout–neueGestaltungsmöglichkeitenfürdenHauptaktionär,28March2012.

Klaus J. Hopt, Professor, MPI for Compara-tiveandInternationalPrivateLaw,Hamburg,and Konrad Wartenberg,GeneralCounsel,AxelSpringerAG,Berlin,DerDeutscheCor-porateGovernanceKodex:GrundlagenundPraxisfragen,26July2012.

Lars Klöhn,Professor,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,andmichael Brel-lochs,Allen&Overy,München,Ad-Hoc-PublizitätundInsiderrecht,26November2012.

michael Kort,Professor,UniversitätAugs-burg,andGeorg Annuß,Professor,Linkla-tersLLP,Munich,AltersgrenzenfürLeitungs-personeninUnternehmen,15April2013.

Karsten schmidt,Professor,BuceriusLawSchool,Hamburg,Die“Innenkommandit-gesellschaft”–wirklicherVerbandundvirtuellerRechtsträger,18September2013.

Jochem Reichert,Professor,Schilling–Zutt–Anschütz,Mannheim,andHelmut Krenek, VorsitzenderRichteramLandgericht,Mu-nich,RechtsfragenderBusinessCombina-tionAgreements,24March2014.

Gerhard Wagner,Professor,HumboldtUniversität,Berlin,andoliver Sieg,NoerrLLP,Düsseldorf,ReformderOrganhaftung,18June2014.

Martin Burgi,Professor,Ludwig-Maximil-ians-UniversitätMünchen,DaskünftigeVergabe-undPrivatisierungsrechtalsHerausforderungfürUnternehmen,1De-cember2014.

5. Brownbag-Lunches mauritz von einem,CurrentProblemsandtheReformoftheDirectiveonInterestandRoyaltyPayments,5January2012.

Birke Häcker,DiegeplanteEU-VerordnungzurgrenzüberschreitendenvorläufigenKon-topfändung,9February2012.

Christoph weber,Kapitalmarktinforma-tionshaftungundgesellschaftsrechtlicheKapitalbindung,12April2012.

federica Pitrone,EnvironmentalTaxation:TheItalianCase,10May2012.

Andreas Gerten,AngemessenheitundSteu-ern:VerdeckteEinkommensverwendungbeiKapitalgesellschafteniminternationalenVergleich,31May2012.

Angelika Meindl,DasRückwirkungsverbot–einVergleichderRechtsprechnungdesBVerfGsunddesEGMR,28June2012.

Kilian eßwein,PrivatautonomeGestaltungderVorstandshaftung,26July2012.

Andreas eggert,DieGewinnermittlungnachdemRichtlinienvorschlagübereinegemein-samekonsolidierteKörperschaftsteuer-Bemessungsgrundlage–VergleichmitderGewinnermitt lungnachdemHGB,EStGunddenIAS/IFRS,11October2012.

Kai purnhagen,Warumhatesdieökono-mischeAnalysedesRechtsinEuropasoschwer?Einesozio-kulturelleSicht,8No-vember2012.

susanne Risch,DieRegelungdesredlichenErwerbsinderGenferWertpapierkonven-tion,6December2012.

thomas poschenrieder,DieVale-Entschei-dungdesEuGH,10January2013.

Yasmin holm,VerfassungswidrigkeitderMindestbesteuerung,7February2013.

Martina Sunde, Muss der EuGH bei der BeurteilungdesFreizügigkeitsabkommensseineeigeneRechtsprechungignorieren?, 7March2013.


Alexander Hellgardt,RechtsfortbildungdurchdenEuGHundihreUmsetzunginsnationaleRecht–dasWeber/Putz-Urteil, 4April2013.

ewa Bienkowska,TaxationforDevelopment–TaxIncentivesforTechnologyTransfertotheLDCs,13June2013.

Jonathan schindler,DieHofnachfolgealserbrechtlicherSonderfall,4July2013.

Angelika Meindl,BeneficialOwnershipindenUSA,1August2013.

Daniel Dürrschmidt,Nichtanwendungser-lasseundNichtanwendungsgesetze–einsteuerrechtlichesPhänomen,einverfas-sungsrechtlichesProblem?,12September2013.

Birke Häcker,DasCommonLaw:Entwick-lung,CharakteristikaundVerhältniszumIusCommune,10October2013.

Jörg Schwarz,VomDanegeldzumFloren-tinerKataster.KonzeptionendesSteuer-rechtsimeuropäischenMittelalterundihreUmsetzung,14November2013.

Carina frahm,TaxMattersandInternationalInvestmentLaw,12December2013.

erik Röder,EntstrickungsbesteuerungimBinnenmarktnachNationalGridIndus:Be-standsaufnahmeundPerspektiven, 9January2014.

Chiara Balbinot,DieTrennungstheoriebeiderBesteuerungvonOptionsgeschäften, 6February2014.

Caronie heber and christian Sternberg, DeraußerbörslicheDerivatemarktimLichtederEMIR-Clearing-PflichtundderFinanz-transaktionssteuer,20March2014.

christine Komisarczyk,RechtlicheProblemederAusgestaltungdesZahlungsverkehrssys-temsTARGET2inderEuropäischenWirtschafts-undWährungsunion, 10April2014.

Leopoldo Parada,AutomaticExchangeofFinancialInformation,FATCAandIntergov-ernmentalAgreements(IGAs),8May2014.

Hugh J. Ault,Professor,PerspectiveonBEPS,12June2014.

Jean-nicolas Druey,Professor,Geheim-undGemeinsphäre,9July2014.

stefano Ronco,TheNotionofBusiness EnterpriseinEUDirectTaxationinLightoftheCase-lawonItalianBankFoundationsandCo-operativeEntities,17July2014.

Deborah fries,DiesteuerrechtlicheHaftungdesGeschäftsführersinderKriseundInsol-venz:EinFiskusprivilegimRechtsvergleich, 2October2014.

Wolfgang Schön,Professor,BeraterhaftungundhypothetischerInzidentprozess, 13November2014.

Carmel said formosa,FinancialTransactionTax:AComparativeAnalysisofTransactionTaxesAcrossEurope,11December2014.

6. Discussion Rounds Andreas eggert,BFHUrteilv.12.07.2012(=DStR2012,2058=BB2012,2864)–Kön-nenMissbrauchsregelungenMissbrauchverhindern?,21February2013.

Ferdinand Blezinger,BGHUrteilv.10.07.2012(=NJW2012,3439=ZIP2012,1552)–GarantenpflichtvonGeschäftsfüh-rern,21February2013.

christine osterloh-Konrad,BGHUrteilv.16.10.2012–IIZR251/10(BGHNZG2013,57)–ÄnderungvongesellschaftsrechtlichenKlauselnmitMehrheitserfordernissen,21March2013.

Yasmin holm,BFHVorlagebeschlussv.27.09.2012–IIR9/11–Verfassungswidrig-keitdesErbStG,21March2013.

thomas Poschenrieder,BFHUrt.v.02.08.2012,IVR41/–UnentgeltlicheÜber-tragungvonMitunternehmeranteilen,18April2013.

thomas Poschenrieder,BGHUrt.v.24.01.2012,IIZR109/11–Einziehungvon GmbH-Geschäftsanteilen,18April2013.


Chiara Balbinot,Kommissionsentscheidungv.26.01.2011,C-(2011)275–Beihilfeverbotvs.Unternehmenssanierung:DiskussionanhandvonSanierungsklauselundSani-erungserlass,16May2013.

thomas Poschenrieder,BGHUrteilv.12.03.2013–IIZR179/12(=DStR2013,982):RechtsfolgenbeiVerstoßgegen §57AktG,16May2013.

Ferdinand Blezinger,BGHUrteilv.15.11.2012,IXZR205/11–Insolvenzanfech-tungvonBeraterhonoraren,20June2013.

yasmin Holm, BFHUrteilv.30.01.2013,IIR6/12–VerhältnisverdeckteGewinnaus-schüttung–Schenkungssteuer,20June2013.

christine osterloh-Konrad,BFHBeschl.v.31.01.2013,GrS1/10–Aufgabedessubjek-tivenFehlerbegriffs,18July2013.

Alexander Hellgardt,BGHBeschl.v.23.04.2013,IIZB7/09–InsiderinformationbeizeitlichgestrecktemSachverhalt,Daim-ler/Geltl,18July2013.

Julian schroeder,BGHUrteilv.21.02.2013,IIIZR139/12(=NJW2013,1877)–Pros-pekthaftungeinesWirtschaftsprüfers,26September2013.

Daniel Blum,ÖsterreichischerVwGHUrteilv.25.09.2013–Schumacker-EntscheidungdesEuGHinDrei-Staaten-Konstellationen,26September2013.

christian Sternberg,EuGHUrteilv.03.10.2013,C-282/12–ZulässigkeitvonZinsschranken,17October2013.

erik Röder,BGHUrteilv.16.4.2013,IIZR118/11–AnspruchderKGgegendenKom-manditistenaufErstattungderKapitaler-tragsteuer,17October2013.

Ferdinand Blezinger,BGHUrteilv.8.10.2013,IIZB26/12–KeinAnspruchaufBarabfindungbeimregulärenDelisting(MacrotronII),21November2013.

Yasmin holm,EuGHUrteilv.7.11.2013–GrenzüberschreitendeVerlustnutzung,21November2013.

christian Sternberg,BFHUrteilv.24.10.2012,IXR36/11–Verfassungsmäßig-keitvon§17EStG,19December2013.

christine osterloh-Konrad,EuGHUrteilv.18.7.2013,C-147/12–ZuständigkeitfürgesellschaftsrechtlicheGläubigerschutz-ansprüchenachderEuGVVO,19December2013.

thomas Poschenrieder,OLGMünchenBe-schl.v.16.2.2013–KeineZuständigkeitdesBaselerNotarszurEinreichungderGesell-schafterlistebeimHandelsregister, 23January2014.

christine osterloh-Konrad,EuGHUrteilv.3.10.2013,C322/12–BilanzierungbeioffenkundignichtwertangemessenenAn-schaffungskosten,23January2014.

Ferdinand Blezinger,LGMünchenIUrteilv.04.03.2013–15O8167/12–ZurUnwirk-samkeitvonRentenklauselninSozietätsver-trägennach§723Abs.3BGB,20February2014.

Julian Schröder:BGHUrteilv.20.9.2011,IIZR234/09–SorgfaltspflichtendesVorstandseinerAktiengesellschaftundVoraussetzun-geneinerEnthaftung,24April2014.

Birke Häcker,BFHUrteilv.18.7.2013,IIR45/11–Kettenschenkungenalserbschaftss-teuerlichesGestaltungsmittel,24April2014.

Leopoldo Parada,SchweizerBVerwGUrteilv.06.01.2014–A-5390/2013:Amtshilfege-suchderUS-amerikanischenSteuerbe-hörden;AnforderungenanzulässigeGrup-penanfragen,22May2014.

erik Röder,BGHUrteilv.19.11.2013–IIZR383/12:AnwendungderGrundsätzederfehlerhaftenGesellschaftaufmehrgliedrigestilleGesellschaft,22May2014.

Anastasios Adrianesis,DieBedeutungderMarktunüblichkeitimSinnevon§285Nr.21HGB,27June2014.


Deborah fries,BFHUrteilv.16.05.2013,IVR23/11–EinkommensteueralssonstigeMasseverbindlichkeitbeiVeräußerungvonmitAbsonderungsrechtenbelastetenWirtschaftsgüterndurchdenInsolvenzver-walter,26June2014.

christine osterloh-Konrad,BVerfGBeschl.v.17.12.2013,IBvG5/08–EchteRückwirkungdurchKlarstellunggeltendenRechts,25September2014.

stefan Kreutzer,DieÜbertragungeinesWirtschaftsgutsaufeinePersonengesell-schaftgegenTeilentgeltoderteilprivilegier-tesMischentgelt,25September2014.

thomas Poschenrieder,BGHUrteilv.15.10.2007,IIZR216/06–SchuldrechtlicheVereinbarungenüberAgiounddessenEinforderunginderInsolvenz,30October2014.

Yasmin holm,ZurAnwendbarkeitvon§1Abs.4,5AStGaufausländischeSchwester-betriebsstätten,30October2014.


ii participation at conferences, congresses, and conventions

2012Organschaften“überdieGrenzen”,Vortrags-veranstaltungBayerischeIFA,Bundesfinanz-hof,Munich,January2012(Schön).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,January2012(Hellgardt, Röder).

DesigningCompanyLawActsinEurope,Podiumsdiskussion,CenterforAdvancedStudiesderLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,January2012(Häcker, Schön).

DerpolitischeMord,GrundlagenseminarProf.Dr.P.Wittig,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,January2012(Häcker).

DieneueErbrechtsverordnung,Forschungs-stellefürNotarrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,January2012(poschenrieder).

CCCTBandThirdCountries,InstituteforAustrianandInternationalTaxLawofWirtschaftsuniversitätWien,Vienna,Aus-tria,January2012(Röder).

PerspektivenbeiderEinkommensbesteue-rung,KlausurtagungderArbeitsgruppeFinanzenderCDU/CSU-Bundestagsfraktion,BayerischeVertretung,Berlin,February2012(Schön).

TaxationoftheFinancialSector,Seminar,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,February2012(Hellgardt).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,February2012(Häcker).

NeillLecture,AllSoulsCollege,OxfordUni-versity,Oxford,UK,February2012(Häcker).

PropertyLawDiscussionGroupMeet- ing,LawFaculty,OxfordUniversity,Oxford,UK,February2012(Häcker).

TargetedKilling,LawFacultySeminar,Ox-fordUniversity,Oxford,UK,February2012(Häcker).

SirJeremyLeverLecture,LawFaculty,Ox-fordUniversity,Oxford,UK,February2012(Häcker).

WorkshoponEmpiricalMethodsinPublicFinance,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2012(Schön).

TaxMeasuresasStateAid–TheAftermathoftheGibraltarCase,AcademyofEuropeanLaw,Brussels,Belgium,March2012(Balbi-not).

Mysterium„Gesetzesmaterialien“,MPIforComparativeandInternationalPrivateLaw,Hamburg,March2012(Hellgardt).

LectureProf.Dr.C.Fuest,Queen’sCollege,OxfordUniversity,Oxford,UK,March2012(Häcker).

EuropeanTakeoverRegulation,OxfordUni-versity,Oxford,UK,April2012(Hellgardt).

RichardMusgraveLecture,CESifoGroup,Munich,April2012(Kane, Schön).

ZHR-Herausgebersitzung,Frankfurt,May2012(Schön).

III.StaffRetreatandWorkshopMPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Schliersee,May2012(Balbinot, eggert, eßwein, Furuseth, Häcker, Kane, Klinkert, Komisarczyk, Mein-dl, Mostacatto, oliveros castelon, osterloh-Konrad, pitrone, Röder, Schön, Sunde).

63.SteuerrechtlicheJahresarbeitstagung,Unternehmen2012,Wiesbaden,May2012(Balbinot, Komisarczyk, Meindl, Röder).

EATLP-Congress2012,ErasmusUniversityRotterdam,Rotterdam,Netherlands,May2012 (Schön).

BeneficialOwnership,InstitutfürÖster-reichischesundInternationalesSteuerrecht,Vienna,Austria,May2012(Furuseth, meindl).


DerSchutzdesImmaterialgüterrechtsimInternetinderRechtsprechungdesEuGH,LectureProf.V.Trstenjak,MaxPlanckCampusforLegalandEconomicResearch,Munich,May2012(Hellgardt).

AntrittsvorlesungJ.Waldron,OxfordUniver-sity,Oxford,UK,May2012(Hellgardt).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,May2012(Hellgardt).

EuropaalsRechtsgemeinschaft,UniversitätAugsburg,Augsburg,May2012(Komisar-czyk, Mostacatto).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,June2012 (Hellgardt).

AntrittsvorlesungProf.Maultzsch/Prof.Tröger,Goethe-UniversitätFrankfurt,Frank-furt,June2012(Hellgardt).

IFSt-Jahrestagung2012,WeichenstellungenderdeutschenundeuropäischenSteuerpoli-tik,Berlin,June2012(eggert).

SteuerpolitikimUmfeldneuerFiskalinstitu-tionenundAbstimmungsverfahren,Kick-OffMeeting,Mannheim,June2012(Röder, sunde).

540.StiftungsfestderLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,June2012(Kindler, Redeker, Schön).

TheGREITLisbonSummerCourseonStateAid,GroupforResearchonEuropeanandInternationalTaxation,Lisbon,Portugal,June2012(oliveros castelon).

EUTaxPolicyConference,SalãoNobre,ReitoriadaUniversidadedeLisboa,Lisbon,Portugal,June2012(oliveros castelon).

Montagsseminar,MCGLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,June2012(Hellgardt).

AngleichungderUnternehmensbesteuerungzwischenDeutschlandundFrankreich–neuerAnstoßfüreineHarmonisierunginEuropa?,43.BerlinerSteuergespräche,Ber-lin,June2012(eggert).

TaxTreatyCaseLawaroundtheGlobe,Til-burgUniversity,Tilburg,Netherlands,June2012(Furuseth).

InterdisziplinärerFörderkongressJungeWissenschaftundPraxis,HannsMartinSchleyer-Stiftung/RobertBoschStiftung,Leipzig,June2012(Röder).

DiscussionMeetingontheUKSupremeCourtDecisionintheFIILitigation,OneEs-sexCourt,London,UK,June2012(Häcker).

IntangiblesandTransferPricing,Interdis-ciplinaryConference,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,INTR,DeutscheIFA,Munich,July2012(Röder).

VorweggenommeneVermögensübertragungunterAusschlussvonPflichtteilsansprüchen,TagungderForschungsstellefürNotarrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,July2012(Häcker).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,July2012(Hellgardt).

ChallengingOrthodoxy,ObligationsVICon-ference,UniversityofWesternOntarioLawSchool,London/Ontario,Canada,July2012(Häcker).

AntrittsvorlesungProf.Dr.P.Hellwege,UniversitätAugsburg,Augsburg,July2012(Häcker).

RhetorikseminardesMentoring-ProgrammsderLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen(JuristischeFakultät),Frau-enchiemsee,July2012(Häcker).

23.JahrestagungderGesellschaftJungerZivilrechtswissenschaftler,Berlin,September2012(Röder).

37.JahrestagungInternationalesSteuer- recht,DeutscheSteuerjuristischeGesell-schaft,Linz,Austria,September2012(Bal-binot, von einem, Komisarczyk, oliveros castelon, Röder, Schön, Sunde).

69.DeutscherJuristentag,Munich,Sep-tember2012(eßwein, Komisarczyk, Schön, Singer).


GenossenschaftsrechtinBayern–histori-scheEntwicklungen,9.TagungderGe-sellschaftfürBayerischeRechtsgeschichte,Munich,September2012(poschenrieder).

66thCongressoftheInternationalFiscalAssociation,Boston,USA,September2012(Röder, Schön).

JahreskonferenzderDeutsch-Amerikani-schenJuristen-Vereinigung,NewYork,USA,October2012 (Stepper).

1.WienerUnternehmensrechtstag,Vienna,Austria,October2012 (Hellgardt).

AkademischeFeierausAnlassdes60.GeburtstagesvonReinhardZimmermann,Hamburg,October2012(Schön).

Forschung2020–PerspektivendesWissen-schafts-undForschungssystems,Fachkon-gressderSPD-Bundestagsfraktion,Berlin,October2012(Schön).

SemestereröffnungsvortragdesCVMmitHeinerGeißler,Ludwig-Maximilians-Uni-versitätMünchen,Munich,October2012(Hellgardt).

SymposiumzurGeschichtederMPG,Berlin,October2012(Schön).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,October2012(osterloh-Konrad).

2ndAnnualMeetingoftheAlumniAsso-ciationoftheMPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November,Munich,No-vember2012(Häcker, Hellgardt, osterloh-Konrad, Schön).

SteuerlicheFaktorenbeiM&A-Transak-tionenundihreAuswirkungaufStruk-turierungundVertragsgestaltung,Beck-Akademie-Seminar,Munich,November2012(Balbinot).

ErtragsteuerlicheVorschriftenalseuro- parechtswidrigeBeihilfen?,Vortragsver-anstaltungIFABerlin-Brandenburg,Berlin,November2012(Balbinot).

BestandsaufnahmezurErbschaftsteuer, 45.BerlinerSteuergespräche,Berlin,No-vember2012(Balbinot).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,November2012(Hellgardt, osterloh-Konrad, Röder).

ZehnJahreSchuldrechtsmodernisierung,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,November2012(osterloh-Konrad, Hellgardt).

Forschungsseminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,November2012(Hellgardt).

VermeidungderDoppelbesteuerungundihreGrenzen,29.HamburgerTagungzurinterna-tionalenBesteuerung,Hamburg,December2012(von einem, Holm).

SteuerpolitikimUmfeldneuerFiskalinstitu-tionenundAbstimmungsverfahren,Kick-OffMeeting,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,December2012(Röder, Schön, Sunde).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,December2012(Hellgardt, osterloh-Konrad).


2013Räuber,BanditenundPiraten,Interdiszi-plinäresGrundlagenseminarzuorganisier-temVerbrechenundBandenkriminalität,Herrsching,January2013(Häcker).

DevelopingaTaxEnvironmentforGrowthandCompetitiveness,InstituteforAustrianandInternationalTaxLaw,WU/AssociationInternationaledeDroitEconomique,Vienna,Austria,January2013(osterloh-Konrad).

VersicherungsrechtausderPerspektivedesOLG,NetzwerkJuraMünchen,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,January2013(poschenrieder).

ZHR–Symposion2013,Gesellschafts-undKapitalmarktrecht,Königstein,January2013 (Röder).

75thAnniversaryoftheInternationalFiscalAssociation,TheHague,Netherlands,Febru-ary2013 (Schön).

VerleihungdesBerlinerWissenschafts-preisesdesRegierendenBürgermeistersvonBerlin,Berlin,February2013(Schön).

FestschriftübergabeanMichaelHoffmann-Becking,Düsseldorf,February2013(Schön).

StaffRetreat,DepartmentofBusinessandTaxLaw,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,February2013(Andrianesis, Ault, Blezinger, eggert, eßwein, Hellgardt, Holm, Jozipović, Martinengo, Mostacatto, oli-veros castelon, osterloh-Konrad, poschen-rieder, Risch, Schön, Sunde).

Crowdinvesting-Symposium2013,Mark-tentwicklungundRegulierungsperspektive,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,February2013(Komisarczyk).

BetreutesWohnen,ForschungsstellefürNotarrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,February2013(poschenrieder).

Rechtsphilosophischeundrechtstheore-tischeGrundlageneineseuropäischenVer-tragsrechts,JungesKollegderBayerischenAkademiederWissenschaften,Munich,February2013(Singer).

SteuerpolitikimUmfeldneuerFiskalinstitu-tionenundAbstimmungsverfahren,InternalWorkshop,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,February2013 (Sunde).

AStrategyforFreeSpeechinanIntercon-nectedWorld,TimothyGartonAsh,CON-VOCOLecture2013,London,UK,March2013(Schön).

TaxingMultinationals:TheInternationalAllocationoftheTaxBase,MaxPlanckIn-stituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance,SaïdBusinessSchool,Oxford,UK,March2013(eggert, Häcker, Hellgardt, Holm, oliveros castelon, osterloh-Konrad).

AnnualMeetingoftheHarvardLawSchoolAssociationofGermany,Frankfurt,March2013(Hellgardt).

MarketEfficiencyandtheU.S.Mortgage-BackedSecuritiesCrisis,ProfessorReinierKraakman,Frankfurt,March2013(Hell-gardt).

8.DeutscherErbrechtstag,Arbeitsgemein-schaftErbrechtdesDeutschenAnwaltver-eins,Berlin,March2013(osterloh-Konrad).

52.MünchnerSteuerfachtagung,Munich,March2013(osterloh-Konrad).

ZHREditorialBoard,Frankfurt,April2013(Schön).

TheEmploymentandSocialSituation–Europe’sSocialCrisis:IsthereaWayOut?,LászláAndor,MPIforSocialLawandSocialPolicy,Munich,April2013(Schön).

BifurkationimdeutschenPatentstreitver-fahren–eineNemesisfürPatentverletzerund-inhaber?,DietmarHarhoff,MPIforIntellectualPropertyandCompetitionLaw,Patentrechtszyklus2013,Munich,April2013(Schön).


DiedeutscheVerhandlungsgrundlagefürDoppelbesteuerungsabkommen,PanelDis-cussion,FederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,April2013(Martinengo).

13thAnnualTaxPlanningStrategies:USandEurope,London,UK,April2013(Bien-kowska).

FutureFrontiersinPoliticalEconomyResearchandTheory,MPIfortheStudyofSocieties,Cologne,April2013 (Hellgardt).

D-A-CHSteuer-Kongress2013,HotelMar-riott,Vienna,Austria,April2013(Sunde).

64.SteuerrechtlicheJahresarbeitstagungUnternehmen2013,ArbeitsgemeinschaftderFachanwältefürSteuerrechte.V.,Wiesbaden,May2013(Balbinot, Holm, Komisarczyk, osterloh-Konrad).

RelaunchingEurope,XII.MunichEconomicSummit,Munich,May2013(Schön).

EATLPCongress2013,EuropeanAssociationofTaxLawProfessors,Lisbon,Portugal,May2013 (Balbinot).

UnitedNations,ECOSOC,SessionModera-tor,SpecialSessiononInternationalCoop-erationinTaxMatters,NewYork,USA,May2013(Ault).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,May2013(osterloh-Konrad).

3.Zukunftsfakultät–“Interdisziplinarität”,RechtimKontext:Rechtskulturen,InstituteforAdvancedStudy,Berlin,June2013(Häcker).

FragendesDeutschenCorporateGover- nanceKodex(Rechtsnatur,SanktionenbeifehlerhafterEntsprechenserklärung),ProfessorHabersack,MünchenerJuristischeGesellschaft,Munich,June2013(Hellgardt).

SteuerhistorischesSymposiumderDeutschenSteuerjuristischenGesellschafte.V.,FrankfurtamMain,June2013(Holm, osterloh-Konrad).

InternationalPrivateLawinChinaandEu-rope,MPIforComparativeandInternationalPrivateLaw,Hamburg,June2013(Singer).

IntensivierungderinternationalenZusam-menarbeitinSteuerfragen,BayerischesStaatsministeriumderFinanzen,Munich,July2013(Schön).

ConvocoForum2013,RechnenmitdemScheitern:IndividuelleundkollektiveStra-tegieninungewissenZeiten,Salzburg,Austria,July2013(Schön).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,July2013(osterloh-Konrad).

67thCongressoftheInternationalFiscalAssociation,Copenhagen,Denmark,August2013(Schön, Xiong).

ErneuerungdesSteuerrechts,38.Jahre-stagungderDeutschenSteuerjuristischenGesellschafte.V.,HumboldtUniversitätzuBerlin,Berlin,September2013(Balbinot, Komisarczyk, Meindl, Sternberg, Sunde).

Munich-SydneyConferenceontheLawandEconomicsofTaxation,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandUniversityofSydney,Munich,September2013(Blum, Häcker, Komisarczyk, Meindl, oliveros castelon, Schroeder, Sternberg, Sunde).

34.TagungfürRechtsvergleichung,RechtundRechtsvergleichunginderFinanzkrise,GesellschaftfürRechtsvergleichung,Mar-burg,September2013(Häcker).

IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013(Blezinger, Häcker, Jozipović, Komisarczyk, Lindeberg, Meindl, Mostacatto, oliveros castelon, poschenrieder, Röder, Singer, Schroeder, Sunde, Xiong).

InternationalTaxPrinciplesinBRICsandOECDCountries:DivergencesandConver-gences,BrazilianTaxLawInstitute(IBDT),LawFacultyoftheUniversityofSãoPaulo,BrazilianSchoolforJudges(EMAG),andInternationalFiscalAssociation(IFA),SãoPaulo,Brazil,September2013(oliveros Castelon).


TheEconomicsofFormal&InformalInstitu-tions,Workshop,MarburgCentreforInstitu-tionalEconomics,Marburg,September2013(Sternberg).

7.ErbR-Tagung,Vermögensnachfolge,Ar-beitsgemeinschaftErbrechtdesDeutschenAnwaltvereins,Munich,October2013(Häcker, osterloh-Konrad).

LecturebyProf.H.MacQueentoMarkthePublicationof“JudgeandJurist:EssaysinMemoryofLordRodgerofEarlsferry”,Uni-versityofOxford,Oxford,UK,October2013(Häcker).

5thBrazilianCongressonInternationalTaxLaw,BrazilianTaxLawInstitute(IBDT)andLawFacultyoftheUniversityofSãoPaulo,SãoPaulo,Brazil,October2013(oliveros Castelon).

IStR-Jahrestagung,Berlin,October2013(Holm).

NiedriglohnundMindestlohn,Dr.ChristianPicker,ZentrumfürArbeitsbeziehungenundArbeitsrecht,Munich,October2013(Hellgardt).

GrenzensteuerlicherGestaltungsfreiheit–Verhältnisdes§42AOzuspeziellenMiss-brauchsvermeidungsvorschriften,MünchnerUnternehmenssteuerforume.V.,Munich,October2013(osterloh-Konrad).

SteuerpolitikimUmfeldneuerFiskalinstitu-tionenundAbstimmungsverfahren,InternalWorkshop,PAKT,Speyer,October2013(Röder, Sternberg, Sunde).

3rdAnnualMeetingoftheAlumniAssocia-tionoftheMPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,November2013(osterloh-Konrad, Schön).

QuoVadisEurope,IfoInstitute,Munich,November2013 (Schön).

AnnualMeetingoftheWissenschaftlicheVereinigungfürUnternehmens-undGesell-schaftsrecht(VGR),FrankfurtamMain,November2013(Andrianesis).

2ndMaxPlanckEuropeanPostdoctoralConferenceonTaxLaw,MPlforTaxLawand

PublicFinance,Munich,November2013(Häcker, Hellgardt, Komisarczyk, Sternberg, sunde).

ThemenschwerpunkteundMethodenderwissenschaftlichenDiskussioninandereneuropäischenLändern,ProfessorMatthiasRuffert,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,November2013(Hell-gardt).

TaxComplianceinFieldandLaboratoryExperiments,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2013(oster-loh-Konrad).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,November2013(osterloh-Konrad).

FinanzierungderGmbH,ForschungsstellefürNotarrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-Univer-sitätMünchen,Munich,November2013 (poschenrieder, Röder).

FoundationsofEconomicPreferences,ErnstFehr,MunichLecturesinEconomics,Mu-nich,November2013(Sternberg).

Rechtsgeschichte–HerausforderungenderZukunft,Kolloquium,MPIforEuropeanLegalHistory,Frankfurt,December2013(Schön).

UnitedNations,FinancingforDevelopmentOffice,SeminaronTaxTreatyAdministra-tion,December2013(Ault).

PrinzipiendereuropäischenUnternehmens-undFinanzmarktregulierung,ProfessorKlausJ.HoptundProfessorKatharina Pistor,CASLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,December2013(Hell-gardt, Röder, Schön).


2014NewDirectionsinUnjustifiedEnrichment:LearningfromSouthAfrica?,Workshop,UniversityofEdinburgh,Edingburgh,UK,January2014(Häcker).

BaseErosionandProfitShifting:ARoadmapforReform,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,INTR,Munich,January2014(oli-veros castelon, osterloh-Konrad, Röder, Sternberg).

ConferenceonUnderstandingTaxHavens,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandNorwegianSchoolofEconomics,Munich,January2014(Schön, Sternberg).

Klausurtagung,SteuerrechtlicheFragenbeidergemeinsamenNutzungvonForschungs-infrastrukturendurchHochschulenundaußeruniversitäreForschungsorganisas-tionen,SchlossRingberg,January2014(Heber, Schön).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,LudwigMaxmilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,January2014(osterloh-Konrad).

ZGR-Symposium,Personengesellschafts-recht,Königstein,February2014(Schön).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,February2014(Häcker, osterloh-Konrad).

SirJeremyLeverLecture,UniversityofOx-ford,Oxford,UK,February2014(Häcker).

VerbesserteKooperationzwischenFinanz-verwaltungundUnternehmen–StatusQuo,Konzepte,Umsetzungschancen-,In-ternationalFiscalAssociation(IFA),Munich,February2014(osterloh-Konrad).

69.SitzungdesIDWArbeitskreises“Perso-nengesellschaften”,InstitutderWirtschaft-sprüfer,Düsseldorf,February2014(Ble-zinger, Röder).

53.MünchnerSteuerfachtagung,Munich,March2014(Heber, osterloh-Konrad, Röder, Schön).

LectureontheHistoryoftheCollege,AllSoulsCollege,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK,March2014(Häcker).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,LudwigMaxmilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,March2014(Häcker).

IX.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,March2014(Sternberg).

OECDMeeting,Paris,France,April2014(Schön).

13thAnnualTaxPlanningStrategies:USandEurope,InternationalBarAssociation,Lon-don,UK,April2014(Bienkowska).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,LudwigMaxmilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,April2014(osterloh-Konrad).

1stAnnualBerlinConferenceonEUandInternationalTax“LatestInsightsandDe-bates“,Conference,QueenMaryUniversityofLondon,CentreforCommercialStudies,Berlin,April2014 (Sternberg).

40thAnniversaryofMPG-CASCooperation,Präsidentendelegation,Beijing,Shanghai(PRC),May2014(Schön).

65.SteuerrechtlicheJahresarbeitstagungUnternehmen2014,Wiesbaden,May2014(Balbinot, Holm, Komisarczyk, Kreutzer, osterloh-Konrad, Röder).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,LudwigMaxmilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,May2014(osterloh-Konrad).

PAKT-WorkshopamZEW,CentreforEuro-peanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,May2014(Sternberg).

SummerConference2014:TaxCompetitionandBEPS,SaïdBusinessSchool,CentreforBusinessTaxation,UniversityofOxford,Ox-ford,UK,June2014(Meindl, Röder).

51.BerlinerSteuergespräch,“Sanierung,InsolvenzenundSteuern”,Berlin,June2014(Fries).

LunchtimeTalkbyProfessorPeregrineHorden,AllSoulsCollege,UniversityofOx-ford,Oxford,UK,June2014(Häcker).


TheRoleofAssumptionofRiskinaSystemofStrictLiability:ConceptualTanglesandSocialConsequences,LecturebyProfessorRichardEpstein,ObligationsDiscussionGroup,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK,June2014(Häcker).

AcademicSymposium2014,SaïdBusi-nessSchool,CentreforBusinessTaxation,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK,June2014(Meindl, Röder).

InternationalVATConference2014,Tegern-see,June2014(Heber).

DoktorandenseminarInstitutfürSteuer- rechtundInstitutfürbetrieblicheSteuer-lehre,Münster,July2014(Sternberg).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,July2,2014(Häcker, Hellgardt).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,July9,2014(Häcker).

EuropeanBankingRegulation,InternationalConference,CenterforAdvancedStudies,Munich,July2014(Blezinger, Hellgardt, Schön).

BewerbungundBerufung,DeutscherHoch-schulverband,Workshop,Munich,July2014(Häcker, osterloh-Konrad).

DoctorateSeminaronComparativeTaxLaw,UppsalaUniversity,UppsalaCenterforTaxLaw,Uppsala,Sweden,August2014(Kreutzer, Sternberg).

9thAnnualGREITConference“InternationalTaxLawandNewChallengesbyConstitu-tionalandLegalPluralism”,UniversityofMuenster,InstituteforTaxLaw,Münster,September2014(Heber, Sternberg).

1stAnnualJournalofLaw,Finance,andAc-countingConference,NYUSchoolofLaw,NewYork,USA,September2014(Schön).

68thCongressoftheInternationalFiscal Association,Mumbai,India,October2014(Heber, Holm, Miyamoto, Schön).

Klaus-Vogel-Lecture,WirtschaftsuniversitätWien,Vienna,Austria,October2014(Bykov, Heber, Sternberg).

37.DeutscherSteuerberatertag,Munich,October2014(Schön).

43thCongressoftheJapaneseSocietyforTaxLaw,Nishinomiya,Japan,October2014(Miyamoto).

Conferenceon“TheBEPSProject”,JeanMonnetChairofEULawandTaxation,Uni-versityofValencia,Valencia,Spain,October2014(parada).

ReformingEntityTaxation,ABostonCollegeLawSchoolandTaxAnalystsConference,BostonCollegeLawSchool,Newton,MA,USA,October2014(Röder).

10thAnnualUFInternationalTaxSympo-sium,UniversityofFlorida,LevinCollegeofLaw,Gainville,USA,October2014(Röder).

StrategischeErschließungneuerForschungs-felder,VeranstaltungimRahmendesPaktesfürForschungundInnovation,DFG,Berlin,November2014(Schön).

RethinkingtheGlobalCurrencySystem,CES-Lecture,ProfessorKennethRogoff,Munich,November2014(Schön, Sunde).

InternationalTaxAuditForumMunich–GrenzüberschreitendeBetriebsprüfungen,ITAXAuslandsfachprüfertagunge.V.,Mu-nich,November2014(osterloh-Konrad).

ATributetoF.A.Mann,HumboldtUni-versitätzuBerlin,Berlin,November2014(Schön).

WissenschaftnachKassenlage,MPGundARD-Alpha,Munich,November2014(Schön).

SeriesofPwC-WU-Seminars“CurrentDevel-opmentsinEuropeanandInternationalTaxLaw”,WirtschaftsuniversitätWien,Vienna,Austria,November2014(Bykov).

Russia’sEconomicPolicyinthePresenceofGlobalTurbulence,Forum,FinancialUniver-sityundertheGovernmentoftheRussianFederation,Russia,November2014(Bykov).


10thRussianTaxForum“TaxManeu-ver-2014:AViewofBusinessandGovern-ment”,ChamberofCommerceandIndustryoftheRussianFederation,Russia,November2014(Bykov).

Prof.Dr.AlexanderRustInauguralLecture,WirtschaftsuniversitätWien,Vienna,Aus-tria,November2014(Bykov).

InternationalConference“TheJudicialReforminRussia:Past,Present,andFuture”,FacultyofLawofLomonosovMoscowStateUniversityandKutafinAcademyofLaw,Moscow,Russia,November2014 (Bykov).

4thAnnualMeetingoftheAlumniAsso-ciationoftheMPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2014(Fries, Häcker, Heber, Hellgardt, Kreutzer, Meindl, osterloh-Konrad, Schön, Sunde).

ConferenceoftheUniversitàCattolicadiPiacenza:ImmovablePropertyunderDo-mesticLaw,EULawandTaxTreaties,Milan,Italy,November2014 (Miyamoto).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,Ludwig-Maxmilians-UniverstitätMünchen,Munich,November2014(osterloh-Konrad).

Hochschulbesteuerung,Conference,SteuerninForschungundPraxise.V.,FreiburgimBreisgau,November2014(Heber, Stern-berg).

vbwAusschussfürSteuer-undFinanzpolitik,Munich,December2014(Schön).

BochumerSteuerseminarfürPraktikerundDoktoranden,“SteuerlicheRahmen-bedingungenfürdieSanierungvonUn-ternehmen”,Bochum,December2014(Fries).

DerdigitaleNachlass,TagungderFor- schungsstellefürNotarrecht,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,November2014(Häcker).

AbsenceofBasis,SeminaronRestitutionforUnjustEnrichment,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK,December2014(Häcker).

WorkshopPrivatrecht,LudwigMaxmilians-UniverstitätMünchen,Munich,December2014(osterloh-Konrad).


iii participation on committees

2012MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforResearchonCollectiveGoods,Bonn,January2012(Schön).

PresidiumoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,January2012(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIforCompara-tivePublicLawandInternationalLaw,Ham-burg,January2012(Hellgardt, Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,SciencesPo,Mu-nich,January2012(Schön).

ExecutiveBoardMeetingIFA,Copenhagen,Denmark,February2012(Schön).

PermanentScientificCommittee(PSC)IFA,Copenhagen,Denmark,February2012(Schön).

PresidiumoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,February2012(Schön).

ScientificCounciloftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,February2012(Hellgardt, Schön).

HSSectionMeetingoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,February2012(Hellgardt, Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIfortheStudyofSocieties,February2012(Schön).

Medium-termFinancialPlanningoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,March2012(Schön).

SearchCommittee,MPIofEconomics,Mu-nich,March2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforHumanCognitiveandBrainSci-ences,Leipzig,March2012(Schön).

ITStrategicCommission,MaxPlanckDigitalLibrary,Munich,March2012(Schön).

SelectionCommitteeforSupportingMem-bersoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,March2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheExecutiveCommiteeandoftheSenateoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Mu-nich,March2012(Schön).

BoardMeeting,MaxPlanckFoundation,Munich,March2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforSocialLawandSocialPolicy,Munich,March2012(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIfortheStudyofSocieties,Munich,April2012(Schön).

PresidiumandPerspectivesCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,April2012(Schön).

SenateCommitteeforResearchPlanningoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,April2012(Schön).

President’sCommissionGovernanceStruc-turesoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,April2012 (Schön).

PerspectivesCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Hamburg,April2012(Hellgardt, Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforSocialAnthropology,Halle(Saale),April2012(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIfortheHis-toryofScience,Berlin,April2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforForeignandInternationalCriminalLaw,Freiburg,May2012 (Schön).

PresidiumandPerspectivesCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,May2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforEuropeanLegalHistory,Frankfurt,May2012(Schön).

HessenStateMinistryofHigherEducation,ResearchandtheArts,MPIforEmpiricalAesthetics,Wiesbaden,May2012(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIfortheHis-toryofScience,Berlin,June2012(Schön).


63thAnnualMeeting,ExecutiveCommittee,SenateandHSSectionoftheMaxPlanckSo-ciety,Berlin,June2012(Hellgardt, Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforComparativePublicLawandInter-nationalLawHeidelberg,June2012(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIfortheStudyofSocieties,Hamburg,June2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012(all staff).

PresidiumoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Mu-nich,July2012 (Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012(all staff).

MeetingoftheBoardoftheMPDL,Munich,July2012(Hellgardt, Schön).

CoreCommittee,MPIofEconomics,Jena,July2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforComparativeandInternationalPri-vateLaw,Hamburg,July2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheCommitteefortheMaxPlanck-WeizmannCenterforintegrativeArchaeologyandAnthropology,Munich,July2012(Schön).

PerspectivesCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,September2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforBiophyisicalChemistry,Göttingen,September2012(Schön).

PresidiumandPerspectivesCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,September2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheAdministrativeCounciloftheIBZ,Munich,October2012(Schön).

PresidiumoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,October2012(Schön).

HSSectionMeetingoftheMaxPlanckSoci-ety,Berlin,October2012(Hellgardt, Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIfortheStudyofSocieties,Cologne,November2012(Schön).

SymposionMPG–CASS,Munich,November2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheExecutiveCommitteeandoftheSenateoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,November2012(Schön).

Medium-termFinancialPlanningoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,November2012(Schön).

ConcludingMeetingoftheFieldCommitteeonResearchAreaNo.1oftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,November2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardoftheMPDL,Munich,December2012(Hellgardt, Schön).

Medium-termFinancialPlanningoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,December2012(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,KunsthistorischesInstitutinFlorenz,Flor-ence,Italy,December2012(Schön).

PresidiumandPerspectivesCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,December2012(Schön).


2013Finanzverfassungsreform2019,MeetingoftheMaxPlanckSociety,SchlossRingberg,January2013(Schön).

AdvisoryGroupMaxPlanckSociety–CAS,Munich,January2013(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIofEconom-ics,Munich,January2013(Schön).

MeetingoftheCommitteefortheMaxPlanck-WeizmannCenterforintegrativeArchaeologyandAnthropology,Munich,January2013(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,BibliothecaHert-ziana,Munich,January2013(Schön).

IFAExecutiveBoard(EB),TheHague,Neth-erlands,January2013(Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardoftheMPDL,Munich,February2013 (Hellgardt, Schön).

IFAPermanentScientificCommittee(PSC),TheHague,Netherlands,February2013(Schön).

IStREditorialBoard,Munich,February2013(Schön).


HSSectionMeetingoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,February2013(Hellgardt, Schön).

PresidiumDFGandMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,February2013(Schön).

ScientificCounciloftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,February2013(Hellgardt, Schön).

ScientificAdvisoryBoardoftheDeutscheSteuerjuristischeGesellschaft(DStJG),Mu-nich,March2013(Schön).


MeetingoftheExecutiveCommiteeandoftheSenateoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Mu-nich,March2013(Schön).

German-FrenchInitiativeoftheMPG–BMF,VideoConference,March2013(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIfortheStudyofReligiousandEthnicDiversity,Göttingen,April2013(Schön).

IT-Steering-CommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,April2013(Schön).

PresidiumoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Mu-nich,April2013(Schön).

SenateCommitteeforResearchPlanningoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,April2013(Schön).

ResearchBoardoftheLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,April2013(Schön).

StandorttreffenMünchenoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,April2013(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIofEconom-ics,Munich,April2013(Schön).

PerspectivesCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,April2013(Hellgardt, Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,Friends,andSupportersoftheBavarianStateLi-brary,Munich,May2013(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIforDemo-graphicResearch,Berlin,May2013(Schön).

Discussion“SteuergestaltungenInterna-tionalerKonzerneundBEPS-InitiativederOECD”,FederalChancellery,Berlin,June2013(Schön).

BoardMeeting,MaxPlanckFoundation,Munich,June2013 (Schön).

64thAnnualMeeting,ExecutiveCommittee,Senate,andHSSectionMeetingoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Potsdam,June2013(hell-gardt, Schön).

ReceptionofaMongolianDelegation,MaxPlanckSociety,Munich,June2013(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,BibliothecaHert-ziana,Munich,June2013(Schön).


AppointmentCommittee,MPIfortheStudyofSocieties,Cologne,June2013(Hellgardt, Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPILuxembourgforInternational,EuropeanandRegula-toryProceduralLaw,Hamburg,June2013(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIofEconom-ics,Berlin,June2013(Schön).

JointSelectionCommitteeforResearchGroupLeaders,Maxpo,Munich,June2013(Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardoftheMPDL,Munich,July2013(Hellgardt, Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2013(Manta, Schön, Singer, Wanger).

PresidiumoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Mu-nich,July2013(Schön).

ReformCommission,BayerischeAkademiederWissenschaften,Munich,July2013(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIforDemo-graphicResearch,Munich,August2013(Schön).

ScientificAdvisoryBoard,andGeneralAs-semblyoftheDeutscheSteuerjuristischeGesellschaft(DStJG),Berlin,September2013(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,BibliothecaHert-ziana,Munich,September2013(Schön).

PresidiumandPerspectivesCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,September2013(Schön).

“TagmitWissenschaft”oftheMaxPlanckSociety,SchlossRingberg,Tegernsee,Sep-tember2013(Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,FriendsandSupportersoftheBavarianStateLi-brary,Munich,September2013(Schön).

ReformCommission,BayerischeAkademiederWissenschaften,Munich,September2013(Schön).

PerspectivesCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Bonn,September2013(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIofEconom-ics,Bonn,October2013(Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardoftheMPDL,Munich,October2013(Hellgardt, Schön).

Shareholders’Meeting,MaxPlanckFounda-tionforInternationalPeaceandtheRuleofLaw,Munich,October2013(Schön).

DiscussiononTaxPolicy,FederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,October2013(Schön).

BoardMeeting,MaxPlanckFoundation,Munich,October2013(Schön).

PresidiumandPerspectivesCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,October2013(Schön).

ExecutiveCommittee,MPILuxembourgforInternational,EuropeanandRegulatoryProceduralLaw,Luxembourg,October2013(Schön).

HSSectionMeetingoftheMaxPlanckSoci-ety,Berlin,October2013(Hellgardt, Schön).

AppointmentCommitee,MPIfortheStudyofSocietes,Berlin,October2013(Hell-gardt).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIforDemo-graphicResearch,Berlin,November2013(Schön).

MeetingoftheWorkingGroup“Organisa-tionsstrukturen”,BayerischeAkademiederWissenschaften,Munich,November2013(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforEvolutionaryAnthropology,Leipzig,November2013(Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,HertieSchoolofGovernance,Berlin,November2013(Schön).

ProjectMeeting“HistoryoftheMaxPlanckSociety”,Berlin,November2013(Schön).


PresidiumandExcecutiveCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,November2013(Schön).

SelectionCommitteeforSupportingMem-bersoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,November2013(Schön).

CelebrationontheOccasionofProfessorWolfrum’sFarewell,andtheOfficialIntro-ductionofProfessorPeters,MPIforCom-parativePublicLawandInternationalLaw,Heidelberg,November2013(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforComparativePublicLawandInter-nationalLaw,Heidelberg,November2013(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIfortheStudyofSocietes,Berlin,November2013(Hell-gardt, Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIforEuropeanLegalHistory,Frankfurt,December2013(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforPsycholinguistics,Nijmegen,Nether-lands,December2013(Schön).

ReformCommission,BayerischeAkademiederWissenschaften,Munich,December2013(Schön).

InternationalTaxGroupMeeting,OxfordUniversityCentreforBusinessTaxation,SaïdBusinessSchool,Oxford,UK,December2013(Schön).

2014MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforResearchonCollectiveGoods,Ber-lin,January2014(Schön).

4thMaxPlanckCenterMeeting,Munich,January2014(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,BibliothecaHert-ziana,Munich,January2014(Schön).

SearchCommittee,MPIJena,Bonn,January2014(Schön).

PresidiumoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Mu-nich,January2014(Schön).

TaxationofResearchCooperation,MaxPlanckSociety,SchlossRingberg,January2014(Heber, Schön).

JointSelectionCommitteeforMaxPlanckResearchGroupLeaders,Munich,February2014(Schön).

IFAPermanentScientificCommittee,Prague,CzechRepublic,February2014(Schön).

IStREditorialBoardMeeting,Munich,Feb-ruary2014(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforHumanCognitiveandBrainSci-ences,Leipzig,February2014 (Schön).

MeetingPAAR,MaxPlanckSociety,Munich,February2014(Schön).


HSSectionMeeting,andScientificCounciloftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,February2014(Schön).

ITSteeringGroup,Munich,February2014(Schön).

IFAPresidium,ExecutiveCommitteeMeet-ing,GeneralMeeting,Munich,March2014(Schön).



MeetingoftheExecutiveCommittee,andoftheSenateoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,March2014(Schön).

AuditCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,March2014(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIfortheStudyofReligiousandEthnicDiversity,Göttingen,March2014(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforSocialAnthropology,Halle,April2014(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,Ludwig-Maximili-ans-UniversitätMünchen,SuccessiontoMorisLehner,Munich,April2014(Schön).

ZHREditorialBoardMeeting,Frankfurt,April2014(Schön).

PresidiumoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,April2014(Schön).

AppointmentCommitteesoftheHSSectionoftheMPG,Bonn,April2014(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,ArchivesoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,April2014(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,MPIforEuropeanLegalHistory,Munich,April2014(Schön).

PerspectivesCommitteeoftheHSSec-tion,MaxPlanckSociety,Bonn,April2014(Schön).

ConcludingMeetingoftheFieldCommitteeonResearchAreaNo.4oftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,April2014(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIforHumanDevelopment,Berlin,May2014(Schön).

AppointmentCommittee,Ludwig-Maximili-ans-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,May2014(Schön).

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,MPIfortheStudyofSocieties,Cologne,May2014(Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardoftheMPDL,Munich,June (Hellgardt, Schön).

MeetingoftheMaxPlanckLegalStudiesNetwork,Munich,June2014(Schön).

SelectionCommitteeforSupportingMem-bersoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,June2014 (Schön).

63thAnnualMeeting,ExecutiveCommittee,SenateandHSSectionMeetingoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,June2014(Hell-gardt, Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,ifoInsti-tute,Munich,June2014(Schön).

InternationalTaxGroupMeeting,OxfordUniversityCenterforBusinessTaxation,SaïdBusinessSchool,Oxford,UK,June2014(Schön).

AnnualMeetingoftheDeutscheFor-schungsgemeinschaft(DFG),Frankfurt,July2014(Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2014(Hornung, Lang, Konrad, Manta, Röder, Schön, Wanger).

ProjectMeeting“HistoryoftheMPG”,Ber-lin,August2014(Schön).

HSSectionMeetingoftheMaxPlanckSoci-ety,Berlin,October2014(Schön).

ConcludingMeetingoftheFieldCommitteeonResearchAreaNo.3oftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,October2014(Schön).

PreparationoftheMeetingoftheSenateoftheDFG,Berlin,November2014(Schön).

CommitteeMeeting,“HistoryoftheMaxPlanckSociety”,Berlin,November2014(Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,HertieSchoolofGovernance,Berlin,November2014(Schön).

AuditCommitteeoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,November2014(Schön).

ReformCommission,BayerischeAkademiederWissenschaften,Munich,November2014(Schön).


NetworkMeetingoftheAlexandervonHumboldtFoundation,Julius-MaximilianUniversityofWürzburg,Würzburg,Novem-ber2014(Miyamoto).

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,FriendsandSupportersoftheBavarianStateLibrary,Munich,December2014(Schön).

ResearchPolicyCounciloftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,December2014(Schön).

Senate,PresidiumandGeneralCommitteeoftheDFG,Bonn,December2014(Schön).

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,IBFD,Amsterdam,Netherlands,December2014(Schön).

126 Department of Public Economics

DEPartmEnt of Public Economics

127research in Public Economics

a rEsEarch in Public Economics

This activity report describes the devel-opments in, and the scientific achieve-ments of the Public Economics Depart-ment in the three years from 2012 to 2014. A first part provides information on the human resources and on the com-munication activities. This includes brief biographies of the members of the group and the Department’s internal scientific meetings, workshops, and conference activities. The following parts report the main research output in the areas of “Understanding Taxation and Tax Com-pliance”, “International Public Finance”, and “Political Economy of Distribution and Conflict”.

The report is followed by a listing of publications, presentations, committee work and other documented scientific activities. It also includes an overview of the guest lectures and some highlights from the media coverage. Most research projects within economics take several – often many – years between the first idea and eventual publication. This makes it difficult to assign each and every project precisely to one audit period. The mo-bility of young researchers generates a further problem: Some researchers bring projects with them when they arrive at our Institute while others start projects at the Institute but then continue or complete these projects elsewhere. For instance, Ph.D. students typically pursue

research at the Institute that is then pub-lished after they have left the Institute.

The report in section A focusses on re-search in projects for which it holds that at least a share of this work was conducted by researchers while their main affiliation was the Max Planck Institute. The report in section B takes stock of all publications that appear, and paper acceptances that happened, in the reporting period and while the Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance was (at least one of) the formal affiliation(s) of the respective researcher. This implies that papers ac-cepted but not published in one reporting period will be reported as forthcoming, and will also be included as published in the next activity report. Though such papers are reported twice, they are only listed to give as accurate a picture as pos-sible of what happened in a given report-ing period. The report also includes pub-lications of the Ph.D. theses of doctoral students or papers from their theses (as far as these can be traced) and of work of senior researchers if the origin of this research can clearly be traced to their pe-riod of employment at the Institute, even if the researchers have already left the Institute. The reporting of other activities of researchers is easier: activities other than publications are reported only as far as these activities were pursued while the persons’ main affiliation was the MPI.


i Who we are

The Department of Public Economics has a human resource structure which is typ-ical for units in the humanities section of the Max Planck Society. The Department consists of a group of Ph.D. students, a group of senior research fellows, and a director. Most of the researchers hold multiple-year non-tenured positions. These positions allow researchers to gain the qualification for more senior posi-tions, in most cases positions outside the Max Planck Society.

The fluctuation among researchers is substantial. On average, about 20 to 30 per cent of the members of the group leave the Institute and must be replaced by young entrants within a period of two years. This requires that the Department pursues a steadily active policy of recruit-ing both at the Ph.D. student level and at the level of senior research fellows.

1. Ph.D. students

In the reporting period the number of Ph.D. students simultaneously in resi-dence was about eight.

The Department advertises the Ph.D. program widely in each year both on the internet and by sending posters with a call for applications to more than 500 economics Departments around the world. Students admitted typically applied directly to the Institute or via the internet application platform of the Munich Graduate School of Economics (MGSE). The students in this reporting period hold degrees from diverse places, including the London School of Econo-mics and Political Science (London/UK), Harvard University (Cambridge/USA), University of Oxford (Oxford/UK), Uni-versity of the Philippines Manila (Manila/Philippines), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Barcelona/Spain), Technische Universität München, Ludwig-Maximil-ians-Universität München, University of Hohenheim, University of Cologne, and University of Mannheim.

Ph.D. students at the Department also enroll with a university. Their respective

in December 2012, December 2013, and December 2014

Country composition

Germany

Egypt

Phillipines

China

2012 2013 2014

The Netherlands

Figure 1 shows the composition of the nationalities of the Ph.D. students and se-nior research fellows working at the De-partment in 2012 to 2014.


Ph.D. committee is at the university and the Ph.D. granted is a degree awarded by the respective university. In the reporting period some students in the Department were enrolled at the Freie Universität Berlin in the Ph.D. programme of the Berlin Doctoral Program in Economics and Management Science (BDPEMS), a majority of students were enrolled at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in Munich (LMU) at the Munich Graduate School of Economics (MGSE). A contract between the LMU and the Max Planck Institute establishes this collabo-ration between the two institutions in more formal terms.

Admission and participation in these doc-toral programmes imply that students take part in their respective structured Ph.D. programmes and successfully com-plete the mandatory coursework that is part of the Ph.D. programme. Depending on the education background of students at the time of admission and the gradu-ate courses they have previously taken at other institutions, completion of this programme takes students about one year on average before they start full-time work on their thesis research.

The director of the unit holds an af-filiation as an honorary professor at both LMU in Munich and the Freie Universität Berlin. This makes him eligible as a chair of Ph.D. committees for the students who are supervised in the Public Eco-nomics group at these two universities. He acts as the main thesis advisor for all students admitted to the Department at the Institute.

As is usual in Germany, not all doctoral students aim at a career in academia. Some do, others aim at positions in su-pranational institutions and NGOs, while some aim to work for the public sector or the private sector.

May Elsayyad took up a position at Al-lianz SE in Munich. She has published several papers in very good or top field journals. Her preference was not to follow an academic career.

Rhea Molato handed in her thesis on “Differences in the Public Sector: Es-says on Secession Threats and Wage Differentials” in autumn 2014. The reports on her thesis are positive. She will defend her thesis on 6 May 2015. She left the Institute in autumn 2014 and took up a position as a postdoc-toral researcher at the HealthEconLab of the University of the Philippines Manila, School of Economics.

Phillip Meyer-Brauns handed in his thesis in autumn 2014 and defended at the Freie Universität Berlin on 26 January 2015. The grade “summa cum laude” was granted. He takes a position in Austin, Texas, in the re-search department of “Dimensional Fund Advisors“, a firm for investment solutions.

Sabine Aresin is about to complete her Ph.D. thesis and has taken a research position at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

Thomas Daske is also close to comple-tion and has accepted a teaching and


Figure 2 provides an overview of the composition of the group of Ph.D. students in the audit period, who entered when, and who left when. The figure also lists the date and topic of the Ph.D.´s that were successfully granted in this period, and the expected com-pletion for the Ph.D. students who are currently in the programme.

research position at the Technische Universität München.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert left the Insti-tute to work as an analyst for “Con-nect Energy Economics“, a consul-tancy for decision makers in energy policy and energy economics based in Berlin. Her Ph.D. thesis is likely to be completed in autumn 2015.

Ph.D. students of the unit are strongly encouraged to submit their research out-put to national and international confer-ences and to academic journals. This has led to a large number of conference pres-entations by young scholars at interna-tional conferences such as the meetings

of the European Economic Association, the Association for the Public Economic Theory, the Royal Economic Society, the German Economic Association, and con-ferences of the International Institute of Public Finance.

Michael Hilmer handed in his thesis in autumn 2014 and will defend on 6 May 2015 at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. The thesis re-ports are excellent. He has taken a position as an assistant to Horst Seehofer, the current Prime Minister of Bavaria and party leader of the gov-erning Christian Social Union.

Sabine Arensin

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert

Kai Brückerhoff

Thomas Daske

Luisa Herbst

Michael Hilmer

Rhea Molato

Harald Lang

Sven-Arne Simon

Philipp Meyer-Brauns

Tim Stolper Essays in Public Finance

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Ph.D. Students

Essays in Public Finance

Topics in Public Finance


Essays on Contest Experiments




Essays in Public and Corporate Finance

Completed and expected completion

May Elsayyad Fighting Tax Havens and Climate Change

Differences in Public Sector: Essays on Secession Threats and Wage Differentials

Taxing Manager’s Bonuses: Essays on the Implications of Bonus Taxation


60

45

30

15

0

Post-Doc Post-Doc Post-DocPh.D. Ph.D. Ph.D.

Refereed external conferences

Invited seminars and external workshops

Internal brown bags, seminars and workshops

13

16

10

1

4

12

9

7

13

10

21

15

10

7

12

19

25

10

Total Number of Presentations at Conferences

2012 2013 2014

12

9

6

3

0

Post-Doc Post-Doc Post-DocPh.D. Ph.D. Ph.D.

Refereed external conferences

Invited seminars and external workshops

Internal brown bags, seminars and workshops

0.12

0.47

1.41

0.97

0.76

1.41

1.04

0.73

1.25

2.89

3.56

2.22

2.22

4.67

3.33

3.74

4.92

1.97

Average Number of Presentations per Researcher

2012 2013 2014

Figure 3 and 4: Overall frequencies of active conference participation of Ph.D. students at these events in different years. You can find a full list of the conferences attended in the reporting period on page 227. These conferences provide the Ph.D. students with an opportunity to meet and make contact with other young scholars, disseminate their work and learn more about academic life in general.


Other activities that were supported and encouraged for similar purposes are student research visits, participation in

Research Visits

Sabine Aresin Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada | September – December 2013

Philipp Meyer-Brauns Freie Universität Berlin | December 2013

Rhea Molato University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines | January 2013

Tim Stolper University of Copenhagen, Denmark | September – December 2014

Summer Schools

Harald Lang Barcelona GSE Summer School 2013, Spain | July 2013

Tim Stolper IIPF Doctoral School on Interna-tional Corporate Taxation, Oxford, UK | September 2014

Internships

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert European Commission, Brussels, Belgium | October – December 2014

Harald Lang European Investment Bank, Luxembourg | November 2013 – January 2014 April – May 2014

summer schools, and internships at in-ternational organisations.


Sabine Aresin graduated from the Ludwig-Maximili-ans-Universtät München. She joined the group in Oc-tober 2010. Her work is on international climate pol-icy. A focus of her work is on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). This regulation is an important element of the Kyoto Protocol. She plans to complete her Ph.D. in 2015.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert is a graduate from the Univer-sity of Cologne. She joined the group in October 2011. She works on different aspects of conspicuous con-sumption, particularly in relation to taxation and tax enforcement. She took a position at Connect Energy Economics in Berlin in January 2015.

Kai Brückerhoff completed his BA (Hons) at Oxford (Trinity College) in 2008, spent four years at Goldman Sachs and then graduated from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He joined the group in Octo-ber 2014. His general research interest lies in financial market regulation.

Thomas Daske joined in October 2010. He is a math-ematician by training and graduated from the Techni-sche Universität München. He works on problems of collective action with subjects who have other-regarding preferences. He plans to complete his Ph.D. in 2015 and moves to a researcher position at the Technische Universität München in April 2015.

Sabine Aresin


Kai Brückerhoff

Thomas Daske


May Elsayyad graduated from the University of Co-logne before entering into the MGSE as a Ph.D. stu-dent. She joined Max Planck in 2010. She successfully completed and defended her thesis “Fighting Tax Ha-vens and Climate Change” in 2012. She has taken a position at the Allianz SE.

Luisa Herbst graduated from the University of Mann-heim. She joined the group in October 2010. She has a full-time position at the Sonderforschungsbereich Transregio 15, funded by the German Research Foun-dation (DFG). One major focus of Luisa Herbst’s work is the formation of alliances in the context of redistri-butive conflict.

Michael Hilmer graduated from the Ludwig-Maximil-ians-Universität München before joining the Institute in October 2010. He handed in his Ph.D. thesis in au-tumn 2014. He studies the incentive effects and the incidence effects of the tax treatment of bonus pay-ments to managers in a general equilibrium model with limited liability on the side of managers and moral hazard.

Harald Lang studied at UC Berkeley, the University of Sydney, and graduated from the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in 2012. He joined Max Planck in October 2011. His research is on the information aspects of interpersonal comparisons, motivated by what Hirschman refers to as “the tunnel effect”.

Luisa Herbst

Michael Hilmer

Harald Lang

May Elsayyad


Philipp Meyer-Brauns graduated from the London School of Economics and Political Science. He joined the group in October 2010 and completed his Ph.D. thesis in autumn 2014. His research focusses on theo-retical aspects of corporate tax evasion and the title of his thesis is “Essays in Public and Corporate Finance”. He completed the oral defense in January 2015 and started working at Dimensional Fund Advisors in Aus-tin as a Research Associate in 2015.

Rhea Molato, was a graduate from the University of the Philippines before she joined the Institute in Oc-tober 2010. She handed in her thesis in autumn 2014 and will defend her thesis entitled “On Differences in the Public Sector: Essays on Secession Threats and Wage Differentials” in spring 2015.

Sven Arne Simon studied in Mannheim and Copenha-gen and completed his Master of Science in Econom-ics in Mannheim in 2014. He joined Max Planck in October 2014. His research interest is in theoretical and experimental public finance. He also takes admin-istrative responsibility for the Max Planck Experimen-tal Laboratory econlab.

Tim Stolper completed his MSc in Finance and Eco-nomics (with distinction) at the London School of Eco-nomics before he joined Max Planck in October 2012. He recently spent several months as a guest research-er at the University of Copenhagen. His research is on understanding tax havens.


Rhea Molato

Sven Arne Simon

Tim Stolper


2. senior research fellows

In the reporting period the group of sen-ior research fellows consisted of between four to six young researchers with a Ph.D. The senior research fellows typically join the Institute at the stage when their Ph.D. thesis is about to be completed or has just been completed. The contract is typically for a period of 3+3 years and positions are non-tenured. This design and the characterisation of the positions are prototypical for research positions at many Max Planck Institutes. Senior re-search fellows can freely pursue broadly defined basic research within the pro-gramme. Collaboration on major pro-jects of the Department is very welcome and encouraged. A large share of the members of the Department participate in some of these joint projects, another share pursues own research within the research area of the Department inde-pendently and often with collaborators from outside the Institute.

The resources for academic travel to con-ferences, for exchange research stays, the research money for running laboratory experiments, for hiring student research assistants, for IT hardware and software and for other standard research tools are available and pooled. Researchers can also draw on the library resources of the Institute and the Max Planck Digital Library and, since 2015, can use a newly established experimental laboratory that is a joint venture with the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition.

The senior research fellow positions come without a tenure perspective. It is

not surprising that the senior research fellows move on to more senior, ten-ured positions when interesting options emerge. This often happens after only a few years. As a policy that is common in the Max Planck Society, the Institute does not make counteroffers to senior research fellows if they receive an offer for a senior position as a professor. This, together with the high productivity and competitiveness of the group of senior research fellows, causes considerable mobility in this group.

In the reporting period Salmai Qari left for a professorship at the Berlin School of Economics and Law, Changxia Ke left for an academic position in China and moved on to Australia not much later. Fangfang Tan took up a position first at the University of California at Santa Cruz and later in the research department of Facebook. Nadja Dwenger is on her way to a professorship. Former senior re-search fellows often keep close links with the Institute.

Senior research fellows travel substan-tially. They participate in a large number of conferences, are frequently invited as visiting scholars and to departmental seminars or workshops. This is evident from figures 3 and 4 on page 131 and from the further information in parts B and C of this report.


Research Visits

Nadja Dwenger University of California, Berkeley, USA | August – December 2012 NHH, Bergen, Norway | May 2014 University of California, Berkeley, USA | November – December 2014 Harvard University, Cambridge, USA | since January 2015

Florian Morath Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, USA | October 2011 – June 2012 April 2013

Fanfang Tan Carnegie Mellon University, Pitts-burgh, USA | April 2012

University of Zurich, Switzerland | October 2012 George Mason University, Fairfax, USA | November – December 2012 Carnegie Mellon University, Pitts-burgh, USA | March 2013 University of California, Santa Cruz, USA | April 2013

Nadja Dwenger received her Ph.D. at the Freie Uni-versität Berlin in February 2010 for her work on “Corporate Income Taxation and Firms’ Investment and Financing Decisions”. She joined Max Planck in 2010. She has been a member of the committee “Public Economics” of the German Federal Ministry of Finance since 2010. Her research interest is on empiri-cal public economics and applied microeconometrics, in particular in the areas of tax compliance and tax enforcement, corporate taxation and the economics of education. She was awarded the Schmölders prize 2014 for her work on tax compliance.

Nadja Dwenger


Erik Hornung

Changxia Ke

Aart Gerritsen has a Bachelor’s degree from Utrecht University and a Master’s degree from the University of Groningen, both in Economics and cum laude. Before starting his Ph.D., he worked for a year as an economic researcher at McKinsey & Company. He completed his Ph.D. at the Erasmus University Rotterdam in February 2014, cum laude. The title of his dissertation is “Essays in Optimal Government Policy”, part of which has been awarded the 2011 IIPF Young Economist Award. In No-vember 2013 he joined the MPI as a senior research fellow.

Erik Hornung graduated from the University of Stutt-gart. He worked in the Department of Human Capital and Innovation at the ifo-Institute and as a tax advisor in the Transfer Pricing Group of Deloitte and Touche GmbH before joining the MPI in 2013 as a senior re-search fellow. He completed his Ph.D. at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in May 2012 with summa cum laude. The topic of his thesis was “Human Capital, Technology Diffusion, and Economic Growth – Evidence from Prussian Census Data”. He was a re-search fellow at the University of Warwick in 2012.

Changxia Ke obtained her Ph.D. degree in Economics from the University of Adelaide in 2010. She joined the MPI in December 2009 and was working at the Sonder- forschungsbereich TR-15 on “Governance and the Ef-ficiency of Economic Systems” until July 2012. She is currently a postdoctoral research fellow at the School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology. Her research interests are focussed on experimental and behavioural economics, in particular, the applications of microeconomic theory in areas of industrial organisation and political economy.

Aart Gerritsen


Florian Morath graduated from the University of Karlsruhe. He worked at the Sonderforschungsbereich TR-15 on “Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems” at the Freie Universität Berlin and at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center before joining the MPI in 2009 as a senior research fellow. He completed his Ph.D. at the Freie Universität Berlin in January 2010. The topic of his thesis was “On Knowledge and Ignorance – the Strategic Role of Information in Con-flicts”. He was a visiting fellow at Columbia University in 2011–2012.

Fangfang Tan, prior to joining the Max Planck Insti-tute, studied at Zhejiang University for her Bachelor’s degree in China (top 3 per cent in her cohort) and Tilburg University in the Netherlands for her Master’s degree (cum laude). In January 2012 she attained her Ph.D. in Economics at Tilburg University with a thesis titled “Behavioral Heterogeneity in Economic Institu-tions”. While working at the MPI, she visited several universities for research purposes including Carnegie Mellon University, University of Zurich, George Mason University, and the University of California Santa Cruz.

Salmai Qari graduated from the Freie Universität Ber-lin where he also completed his Ph.D. with summa cum laude. The title of the thesis is “Essays on Family Economics and Social Policy”. Prior to joining the MPI in 2009 as a senior research fellow, he was a research fellow at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center. Before joining the WZB, he worked in the area of statistical and econometric modelling of risk. In April 2014 he became a professor of Econometrics at the Berlin School of Economics and Law.

Florian Morath

Fangfang Tan

Salmai Qari


ii research conferences and internal Workshops

The Department continued its commu-nication strategy with a large number of research conferences and internal or semi-internal workshops. The research conferences in the reporting period are listed on the following pages:

Empirical methods in Public finance

organisers: Nadja Dwenger, May Elsay-yad, Salmai Qari Location: MPI Munich Date: 15–16 March 2012

Figure 5 provides an overview of the composition of the group of senior research fel-lows in the reporting period, who entered when, and who left when and to where.

On 15–16 March 2012, the MPI for Tax Law and Public Finance invited outstand-ing young researchers from all over the world to learn from each other about their cutting-edge empirical work on public finance. About 20 top young economists accepted the invitation. Nine speakers presented work in pro-gress in the field of microeconometrics and public finance, including Greogori Baetschmann (University of Zurich, Swit-zerland), Valerio Merlo (ETH Zurich, Switzerland), Li Liu (University of Oxford, UK), Peter Egger (ETH Zurich, Switzer-

Nadja Dwenger

Changxia Ke Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,

Australia

Salmai Qari Professor of Econometrics at the Berlin School of Economics and Law

Fangfang Tan Researcher at Facebook

Aart Gerritsen

Erik Hornung

Changxia Ke

Florian Morath

Salmai Qari

Fangfang Tan

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Senior Research Fellows


Taxation and Redistribution

organisers: Changxia Ke, Kai A. Konrad, Fanfang Tan Location: MPI Munich Date: 6 June 2012

The workshop on taxation and redistribu-tion focussed on the most recent empiri-cal work and on controlled laboratory ex-periments that aimed at a better under-standing of the social and redistributional motivations of individuals. It brought to-gether a strong group of researchers from experimental economics that consider the role of taxation for redistribution and

land), Anastasia Semykina (Florida State University, USA), Martin Ljunge (Univer-sity of Copenhagen, Denmark and Stock-holm School of Economics, Sweden) and Day Manoli (University of California, Los Angeles, USA).

related problems in public finance, who mutually exchanged information regard-ing their most current research. Leading experimentalists who presented at the workshop were Ernesto Reuben (Colum-bia University, USA), Marie-Claire Villeval (Université de Lyon, France), Jean-Robert Tyran (University of Vienna, Austria), Jens Grosser (Florida State University, USA), Arno Riedl (Maastricht University, Neth-erlands), Karl Ove Moene (University of Oslo, Norway) and Lise Vesterlund (Uni-versity of Pittsburgh, USA).

munich-tokyo conference on federal Public Economics

organisers: Toshihiro Ihori (University of Tokyo, Japan), Kai A. Konrad Location: MPI Munich Date: 13 September 2012

This workshop was inspired by several highly productive meetings of public

finance economists from the University of California, Irvine and the University of Tokyo. Invitees were public finance economists from the University of Tokyo and other universities in the greater To-kyo region, with the aim of establishing


the End of federalism?

organisers: Benny Geys (WZB), Kai A. Konrad, Ronnie Schöb (Freie Universität Berlin) Location: WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Berlin Date: 29–30 October 2012

This international conference marked the end of a WGL-funded project on fed-eralism which also involved researchers from TU Dresden and the University of Mannheim. It took stock of the achieve-ments of PhD students who were funded for several years as part of this project, and of cutting-edge research by a group of more senior researchers in the field. The project was initiated by Kai A. Konrad when he was still at the WZB Berlin So-cial Science Center. Researchers from the Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschafts-forschung (ZEW) in Mannheim, the ifo-Institute Dresden, and from the Max Planck Institute joined forces to research fiscal federalism and advise a small group of Ph.D. students who were funded by the programme. The event closed with the conclusion that federalism, and in particular the political economy of it, will remain high on the research agenda in

Shaping the Fiscal Institutions of Europe

organisers: International policy confer-ence, jointly organised by Kai A. Konrad and the Federal Ministry of Finance, Christian Kastrop und Ludger Schuknecht Location: Federal Ministry of Finance, Berlin Date: 21 November 2012

The European public debt crisis within the Eurozone remains one of the challenging problems of this decade. Most economic researchers agree that the constitution of current institutions of the Eurozone is

scientific contact and exchange between researchers from the Max Planck Insti-tute and leading public finance econo-mists from Japan. Presenters include Jun-ichi Itaya (Hokkaido University, Japan), Amihai Glazer (University of California, Irvine, USA), Kai A. Konrad, Hiroki Kondo (Sophia University, Japan), Takashi Sato (Shimonoseki City University, Japan) and Wolfgang Schön.

Public Economics. Speakers at this event were, among others, Marius Brühlhart (Université de Lausanne, Switzerland), Marie-Laure Breuillé (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France), Justin Valasek (Social Science Research Center Berlin – WZB), Enrico Spolaore (Tufts University, USA), Gerald Schneider (Universität Konstanz), Thomas König

(University of Mannheim), Eckhard Janeba (University of Mannheim), Thiess Büttner (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg), Sebastian Kessing (Universität Siegen) and James M. Sny-der Jr. (Harvard University, USA).


contests: Experiments and theory

organisers: Kai A. Konrad, Fangfang Tan Location: MPI Munich Date: 9–10 January 2013

This workshop featured cutting edge research on contests – a particularly sali-ent type of conflict game – by theorists and empirical economists. There were stimulating presentations by Loukas Balafoutas (University of Innsbruck, Aus-tria), Mehrdad Vahabi (Université Paris 8

at the heart of the problem. Research-ers advocate various reform measures. Should Europe adapt a centralised fiscal model or rather follow a decentralised approach? At the conference “Shaping the Fiscal Institutions of Europe”, partially funded by the German Bundestag, on 21 November in Berlin, it became clear that there is no common vision for the Euro Area as yet. Among the speakers were Wolfgang Schäuble (Federal Minister of Finance, Germany), Charles Wyplosz (Graduate Institute Geneva, Switzerland), Jörg Rocholl (President European School of Management and Technology Berlin), Thomas Philippon (New York University, USA, former advisor to the French Minis-ter of Finance) and Vitor Gaspar (former Minister of Finance of Portugal).

and Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne, France), Changxia Ke (MPI for Tax Law and Public Finance and Lingnan University College at Sun Yat-Sen University, China), Dana Sisak (Erasmus University Rotter-dam, Netherlands), Qian Fu (National Uni-versity of Singapore, Singapore), Fangfang Tan, Jacob Goeree (University of Zurich,

Switzerland), Jordi Brands (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain), Joseph Tao-Yi Wang (National Taiwan University, Taiwan) and Florian Morath. Henrik Orzen (University of Mannheim), Martin Sefton (University of Nottingham, UK) and Luca Stanca (University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy) demonstrated the dynamics of this research area.

Advances on the Political Economy of Conflict and Redistribution II

organisers: Thomas Cusack, (WZB), Kai A. Konrad, Karl Ove Moene (University of Oslo, Norway) Location: WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Berlin Date: 28–29 October 2013

This international conference was a joint initiative of the MPI for Tax Law and Pub-lic Finance, the WZB Berlin Social Science


tax compliance in field and laboratory Experiments

organisers: Kai A. Konrad, Nadja Dwenger Location: MPI Munich Date: 4–5 November 2013

The international research workshop at-tracted leading experts and researchers conducting controlled laboratory and field experiments on tax compliance. It was also a forum for the presentation of recent work emerging from the research projects inside the Department. Present-ers at the workshop were Henrik Jacob-sen Kleven (London School of Economics, UK), Benno Torgler (Queensland Univer-sity of Technology, Australia), Johannes Rincke (Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg), Tim Lohse (Hoch-schule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin and MPI for Tax Law and Public Finance), James Alm (Tulane University, USA), Paul E. Carrillo (George Washington Universi-ty, USA), Tuomas Kosonen (VATT Institute for Economic Research, Finland), Carlos

Scartascini (Inter-American Develop-ment Bank, Argentina), Monica Singhal (Harvard Kennedy School, USA), Erik O. Sørensen (NHH Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administra-tion, Norway) and Adnan Khan (London School of Economics, UK).

Center and the Norwegian Centre of Ex-cellence on Equality, Social Organisation, and Performance at the University of Oslo. It was a platform for the exchange of ideas and for the presentation of the most research from economists and po-litical scientists aiming at a better under-standing of the causes and consequences of redistributional conflict. Speakers at the workshop were Pablo Beramendi (Duke University, USA), Joan Esteban

(Barcelona Graduate School of Econom-ics and Spanish National Research Coun-cil – CSIC, Spain), Dan Kovenock (Chap-man University, USA), Erik O. Sørensen (NHH Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration (NHH) and University of Oslo, Norway), Debraj Ray (New York University, USA), Marta Rey-nal-Querol (Barcelona Graduate School of Economics and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain), Branko Milanovic (World Bank), Gerald Schneider (Universität Kon-stanz), Rajiv Sethi (Columbia University, USA), Stergios Skaperdas (University of California, Irvine, USA), Halvor Mehlum (University of Oslo, Norway) and Andrea Mattozzi (European University Institute, Italy).


understanding tax havens

organisers: Kai A. Konrad, Guttorm Schjelderup (NHH Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Norway) Location: MPI Munich Date: 22–23 January 2014

Tax havens and the logic of their inter-actions with individual or corporate tax-payers, with accounting firms and non- haven countries are not easy to under-stand. This interdisciplinary workshop brought economists, accountants and legal scholars together to make further

Contest Theory and Political Competition

organisers: Kai A. Konrad, Dan Ko-venock (Chapman University, USA) Location: MPI Munich Date: 4–5 September 2014

The theory of contests has made major progress in the last 20 years. Indepen-dently and in parallel, the study of politi-cal competition is an important research area in political science. These two lines

of research more recently crossed and joined. This workshop aimed at a union of key figures from both lines of research, and of persons working at the crossing. Presenters at this event were Pierre C. Boyer (University of Mannheim), Brian Roberson (Purdue University, USA), Alex-ander Hirsch (California Institute of Tech-nology, USA), Tilman Klumpp (University of Alberta, USA), Andrea Mattozzi (Eu-ropean University Institute, Italy), James Snyder Jr. (Harvard University, USA), Ronny Razin (London School of Econom-ics, UK), Ivan Pastine (University College Dublin, Ireland), Kenneth Shotts (Stanford University, USA), Stergios Skaperdas (Uni-versity of California, Irvine, USA), Daniel Diermeier (University of Chicago, USA), Christopher Li (Northwestern University, USA), Karl Ove Moene (University of Oslo, Norway) and Mattias Polborn (University of Illinois, USA).

steps in this direction. Among the pre-senters were Petro Lisowsky (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA), Niels Johannesen (University of Copen-hagen, Denmark), Tim Stolper, Prem Sikka (University of Essex, UK), Thomas Gresik (University of Notre Dame, USA), Tina Søreide (University of Bergen, Nor-way), Dirk Schindler (NHH Norwegian School of Economics and Business Ad-ministration, Norway) and May Elsayyad (Allianz SE and MPI for Tax Law and Pub-lic Finance).


The interdepartmental lecture series fea-tures about 6–10 international research-ers of outstanding scholarship from tax law and from public economics per year. The series is a joint initiative of both De-partments of the Institute.

As a further format for mutual intellec-tual exchange the Institute organises or co-organises annual workshops in which the Department meets with other, simi-lar groups. Within the reporting period, such meetings took place on a yearly ba-sis with the research group of Matthias Sutter (University of Innsbruck, Austria), the research group of Werner Güth (Max Planck Institute for Economics, Jena) and the research group of Bruno Frey (CRE-MA, Zurich, Switzerland).

The Department is also a member of a collaborative project on “Govern-ance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems”. The part of this project which is pursued at the MPI is entitled “Konflikte in Organisations- und Steue- rungsproblemen” (conflict in govern-ance problems). This project is funded as

a Sonderforschungsbereich-Transregio by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Part of the interaction is a series of regular meetings, a common internet platform, a common monthly newslet-ter and an exchange of researchers on an individual basis. The project is in its third (and last) funding period that lasts until December 2015. Partner institu-tions of this project are the University of Mannheim, the University of Bonn, the Freie Universität Berlin, the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich.

The Department collaborates (jointly with the Department of Tax Law) in a project entitled “Steuerpolitik in der EU im Umfeld neuer Fiskalinstitutionen und Abstimmungsverfahren” (Tax Policy in the EU in an Environment with New Fiscal Institutions and Coordination Pro-cesses). Other partners in this project are at the Verwaltungshochschule at Speyer and at the University of Oxford. This project has led to a number of joint conference meetings in Mannheim and a stimulating exchange on research re-sults. The project ends in 2015.

The Department collaborated with re-searchers at the WZB Berlin Social Sci-ence Center, the ifo-Institute Dresden (Marcel Thum) and the ZEW (Lars Feld, Friedrich Heinemann), the Free Univer-sity of Brussels (Benny Geys), and the Freie Universität Berlin (Ronnie Schöb) on a research project entitled “The Fu-ture of Fiscal Federalism”. The project ended in 2012. A group of six Ph.D. students was jointly supervised by this group of researchers who study ques-

Joint seminar with the group of Bruno Frey, Schliersee, 12–14 May 2013.


tions of fiscal competition and on federal governmental structures, either inside a country or as federations of countries. The programme started in 2009 and ended in December 2012.

The Department took part in a research collaboration with the Deutsche Akade-mie der Technikwissenschaften (acatech) in a project entitled “Adaptation Strate-gies in Climate Policy”. In this project, acatech brought together a highly inter-disciplinary group of experts from other research institutes from a large number of disciplines and of representatives of stakeholders from interest groups and major companies to conduct a high level report on “Anpassungsstra-tegien in der Klimapolitik” (adaptation strategies in cli-mate policy). This report was published as an acatech Position report in Sep-tember 2012. The project was steered by a committee consisting of Ulrich von Deessen, BASF SE, Rolf Emmermann, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Reinhard Hüttl, Deutsches GeoForschungs-Zentrum, Potsdam, acatech Präsident, Kai A. Konrad, Volker Mosbrugger, Senckenberg Gesell- schaft für Naturforschung und Univer-sität Frankfurt, Ekkehard D. Schulz, for-mer ThyssenKrupp AG and Fritz Vahren-holt, RWE Innogy GmbH.

Through personal links the Department is involved in policy-oriented research by the Council of Scientific Advisors to the Federal Ministry of Finance. Kai A. Konrad was Chair of this council for two office periods from 2011 to the end of 2014. In this time period the Council advised the Federal Ministry of Finance

on a number of topics. The reports or publications that emerged from the time period 2012–2014 are listed in section B, from pages 192. A second link with the Ministry of Finance is through Nadja Dwenger who is a member of the young experts group which meets regularly with members of the Ministry.

The researchers of the Department were granted several awards, prizes, and mem-berships during the reporting period. An overview of all accolades can be found on page 218.

Nadja Dwenger (middle) with Ronnie Schöb (left) and Stefan Traub (right) from the Verein für Socialpolitik.

Nadja Dwenger, senior research fel-low at the MPI for Tax Law and Public Finance, was granted several awards in the reporting period. Honoured as a Schöller Fellow 2013, she received funding totalling 20,000 € to carry out research on tax compliance. One year later, Nadja Dwenger was honoured with the Schmölders Prize from the Ver-ein für Socialpolitik (VfS). The prize was


On 27 November 2014, the new mem-bers of the humanities and social and behavioural sciences section of Leopol-dina were officially welcomed and given their membership certificates. Kai A. Konrad (left) is pictured above with Leo-poldina President Jörg Hacker (right).

Salmai Qari accepted a professorship in econometrics at the Berlin School of Economics and Law.

awarded for the paper “Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations for tax compliance: Evidence from a field experiment in Ger-many”, which she wrote together with her co-authors Henrik Jacobsen Kleven from the London School of Economics, Imran Rasul from the University College London and Johannes Rincke from the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg.

Kai A. Konrad was elected membership to various academies in the reported pe-riod: In 2012 he was elected as a Mem-ber of the National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech), in 2013 he became a Member of the Academia Eu-ropaea and the German National Acad-emy of Sciences, Leopoldina. In 2014 Kai A. Konrad became a Member of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften.

We turn next to a survey on basic re-search. The researchers in the Depart-ment addressed questions in the area of public finance. Much of the work focussed more narrowly on taxation is-sues. Similar to previous activity reports, we do not survey all the results here; the complete list of publications and working papers can be found further below. In-stead, we report the results of three ma-jor research areas. These can be broadly grouped into “Understanding Taxation and Tax Compliance”, “International Pub-lic Finance” and “The Political Economy of Distribution and Conflict”.

III Understanding Taxation and tax compliance

The aim of our work in this area is to reach a better understanding of how ta-xation affects human behaviour both as private individuals and as decision mak-ers in firms, and a better understanding of what drives tax compliance decisions. Analytical and game theory tools, econo-metric approaches, laboratory and field experiments are applied in the Depart-


ment to research questions within this area.

1. tax compliance

As emphasised by Andreoni et al. p. 821 (Andreoni, James, Brian Erard, and Jonathan Feinstein. “Tax compliance”. Journal of Economic Literature 1998, 36(2), 818-860) in their survey, tax com-pliance behaviour is not well-described as a risk-taking activity only. Behaviour differs from what individuals would do in a pure money gamble and what would be predicted by a narrow theory of crime and punishment in the line of reasoning of Gary Becker. Understand-ing tax compliance is more difficult and requires a broader research approach. A great deal of work has been devoted to assess a large number of factors that are important for taxed subjects in their decision as to whether or not to report truthfully and comply with their legal tax obligations. Intrinsic motivations such as moral attitudes, norms, religiosity, fam-ily status, profession, and other factors may play a significant role. Research in the Department in the reporting period contributed further to this research ap-proach.

Nadja Dwenger, Henrik Kleven, Imran Rasul, and Johannes Rincke exploit a unique setting for making progress on understanding tax compliance: the lo-cal church tax in Germany. As they show in their paper entitled “Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations for tax compli-ance: Evidence from a field experiment in Germany” (under review), tax evad-

ers, compliers and donors can coexist in the local church tax system and can be distinguished from each other. The local church tax is a specific tax that is not ac-tually enforced by the authorities. Com-pliance in the absence of more specific treatments provides data on compliance behaviour and the actual tax payment in the absence of enforcement can be seen as a direct measure of intrinsi-cally motivated tax compliance. Starting from this zero enforcement baseline, a randomised field experiment is used to add deterrence or recognition into the system. This allows Nadja Dwenger and

her co-authors to study whether poli-cies aimed at either extrinsic motivation (deterrence) or intrinsic motivation (rec-ognition) have qualitatively different ef-fects on agents who have revealed each of those motivations in the baseline treatment.

The main empirical findings of this work are the following. First, a significant fraction of individuals comply in the absence of deterrence/enforcement, where compliance should be expected to be zero absent intrinsic motivations. Around 20 per cent of individuals pay at least the true taxes owed. This suggests

Nadja Dwenger


the measurement of baseline intrinsic motivation. Fourth, tax simplification and deterrence have strong effects on compliance for baseline evaders, but small and mostly insignificant effects for baseline donors. Finally, the provi-sion of compliance rewards has funda-mentally different impacts on baseline donors (who increase their donations) and baseline evaders (who increase their evasion). That is, whether recog-nition for compliance raises or reduces tax payments hinges on what motivates taxpayers in the first place, with positive effects on the intrinsically motivated and negative effects on the extrinsically mo-tivated taxpayers. These qualitative pat-terns arise irrespective of the exact form of the compliance reward offered in the different treatments, be it in terms of social recognition, entry into monetary prize draws, or their combination. This suggests that the behavioural effects are driven by what such compliance rewards signal about the tax institution rather than by the social/private nature of the reward. A natural interpretation is that rewarding taxpayers for contributing to the public good (rather than punish-ing them for not paying their taxes) signals the voluntary aspect of a poorly enforced tax system (and so positively affects the warm glow of donor types) and at the same time downplays the mandatory aspect of a legally binding tax system (and so may affect evader types negatively). All of these findings can be explained by a model of tax compliance provided in the paper that unifies the standard Becker-Allingham-Sandmo ap-proach (strengthening extrinsic motives for tax compliance) and the Andreoni

Figure taken from Nadja Dwenger, Hen-rik Kleven, Imran Rasul, and Johannes Rincke, “Extrinsic and intrinsic motivati-ons for tax compliance”: Distribution of tax liabilities and tax payments.

status quo) has only a small impact on compliance, implying that there is very little misperception on average. In fact, less than 5 per cent of baseline compli-ance can be attributed to a mispercep-tion of the audit probability, and hence this is not an important confounder in

that intrinsic motivation is important. The remaining 80 per cent of individu-als evade taxes and most of them fully evade, and so the vast majority behave as extrinsically motivated taxpayers consistent with the Becker-Allingham-Sandmo framework of crime and punish-ment. Second, there is sharp bunching at exact compliance in the zero deterrence baseline. Further analyses suggest that bunching at exact compliance is driven by duty-to-comply preferences. Third, announcing a zero audit probability (the


warm-glow model of pro-social behav-iour (capturing intrinsic motivation).

The study on extrinsic and intrinsic mo-tivations for tax compliance raises the question on the optimal financing mode of public goods. In another randomised field experiment in the paper “Do taxes crowd out intrinsic motivation? Field-experimental evidence from Germany” Pierre Boyer, Nadja Dwenger, and Jo-hannes Rincke focus on the trade-off between a tax-based and a voluntary contribution-based financing of public goods and investigate how an individu-al’s motivation is affected if a voluntary contribution becomes compulsory. To this end, they consider the church levy, which is a fee collected by the Catholic Church in Germany as a charitable dona-tion on a purely voluntary basis—despite the fact that it is legally a tax. Starting from a baseline where the church levy is collected as a pure charitable dona-tion, individuals are informed that the church levy is in fact a tax. A theoretical model developed in the paper highlights that such a tax framing creates a discon-tinuity in individuals’ motivation and will heterogeneously affect individuals, depending on their initial motivation to contribute. This is also found empirically: While those who regularly contributed before do not respond to the imposition of the legal norm, weakly intrinsically individuals, who contributed only from time to time, significantly reduce their payments. The paper provides among the first evidence from the field showing that external incentives (partly) crowd out intrinsic motivation. Financing public goods by taxes can thus impair the indi-

viduals’ intrinsic motivation to contrib-ute to the public good.

A second set of work on tax compli-ance in the reporting period explores controlled laboratory experiments. Fangfang Tan together with Andrew Yim studied how to conduct tax audits more efficiently in light of the huge resources devoted to reduce the tax gap. The pro-ject started and was described in more detail in the report for the previous audit period. The results are published now as Fangfang Tan and Andrew Yim, “Can strategic uncertainty help deter tax eva-sion? An experiment on auditing rules” (Journal of Economic Psychology 2014, 40, 161-174). They compare two audit rules. One is the standard audit rule that suggests a given probability for an audit. A novel feature of their alterna-tive rule is that since the tax authority only conducts a fixed number of audits, the actual audit probability faced by a taxpayer is endogenously determined by the evasion decisions of all other taxpayers. Consequently, a taxpayer has to infer the audit probability by forming expectations on others’ decisions. This causes strategic uncertainty. They find that the deterrence effect of this modi-fied audit rule is as strong as that of a traditional rule. However, their rule is more cost-effective, for two reasons. First, it conducts fewer audits to attain the same level of deterrence. Second, it uses the public budget more efficiently. The budget-usage ratio, which is defined as the percentage of resources actually used in auditing for a given budget, is higher for their rule. They also explore the effect of strategic uncertainty on


taxpayers’ decisions. They find that if the taxpayers are highly uncertain of others’ evasion decisions, they are more likely to choose to honestly report their income instead of cheating on taxes. This result is consistent with previous experimental results on coordination problems.

to whether the third party is a group or an individual?

The main finding is that groups are more likely to punish instrumentally than individuals: Groups are more likely to approve punishment towards defectors when the punishment has a deterrence effect than when the punishment can only be retributive. In contrast, individu-al third parties punish similarly for both purposes. Furthermore, a significant amount of proposed punishment is ne-gated by the third party. However, a new result of this study is that when the third party is a group, the punishment disap-proval rate is even higher, even though it is a costless decision to punish.

Whether punishment is perceived to be legitimate determines how effectively it can signal social norms and promote conformity. Erte Xiao and Fangfang Tan (2014) also present novel experimental evidence that requiring justification could promote the legitimacy of third-party punishment and curb corrupt pun-ishment behaviour. In the baseline non-profitable punishment treatment (NPP), the punishment decision of the third party is independent of the decision it-self – the party only receives a fixed pay-ment for the task. In the profitable pun-ishment treatment (PP), the third party earns extra money if the party punishes the sender, regardless of whether the sender has sent a false message to the receiver. Previous literature reports that people are less likely to view punishment as signalling a norm violation in PP than NPP treatment. This paper introduces a justification treatment. Compared to PP,

Fangfang Tan

Punishment threats, such as fines, play a major role in the early theory of tax com-pliance, such as in the Allingham-Sandmo framework. Fangfang Tan and Erte Xiao (2014) conduct experiments to better understand compliance. They focus on a problem of voluntary cooperation (e.g. such as the provision of public goods). It is known in this context that compliance relies not only on second-party punish-ment in which only an implicated party can punish a wrongdoer, but perhaps more importantly on third-party punish-ment, in which those who sanction norm violators do not directly benefit from their decisions. Erte Xiao and Fangfang Tan (2014) address the following two questions: (1) To what extent do third parties use punishment as retribution or to deter defectors? (2) How does the an-swer to the first question differ according


the only diff erence in the justi fi cati on treatment is that the third party must explain its decision (whether to punish or not punish the sender). Legiti mate punishment counts if and only if a sender violates a truth-telling norm.

Erte Xiao and Fangfang Tan fi nd that justi fi cati on increases legiti mate punish-ment to a level similar to the NPP treat-ment. Moreover, compared with the PP treatment, the senders are signifi cantly more likely to tell the truth in the justi -fi cati on treatment, and the receivers are more likely to perceive punishment as signalling a norm violati on. These fi nd-ings shed light on the underlying mecha-nisms of the role of justi fi cati on on legal enforcement and policy making.

A further line of research on tax compli-ance was directed towards an assess-ment of a diff erent non-monetary incen-ti ve of taxpayer subjects. Much of this line of research was conducted and re-ported in the previous reporti ng period. Using several waves of the Internati onal Social Survey Programme (ISSP) dataset the studies identi fi ed patrioti sm as an important determinant for taxpayers’ behaviour and the transmission mecha-nisms by which these determinants aff ect the fi scal capacity of states. The results of this research were published in this reporti ng period. One of the studies con-centrates on internati onal aspects and cross-border mobility, the other study concentrates on individuals’ percepti ons about the legiti macy of tax avoidance. In the arti cle “Patrioti sm, taxati on and internati onal mobility” by Salmai Qari, Kai A. Konrad, and Benny Geys (Public

Choice 2012, 151(3-4), 695-717) the authors establish a strong relati onship between nati onal identi ty (self-assessed patrioti sm) and individuals’ tax burden. While this study does not identi fy the channels by which governments may pursue this acti vely or unconsciously, the data analysis reveals a positi ve relati on-ship between the patrioti sm of persons and the tax burden they bear, in line with the idea that a less mobile tax base can be taxed more heavily.

Related to this result, research by Kai A. Konrad and Salmai Qari, enti tled “The last refuge of a scoundrel? Patrioti sm and tax compliance” (Economica 2012, 79(315), 516-533) shows that more strongly patrioti c subjects are indeed also more tax compliant. As the strong corre-lati on between the atti tude towards tax compliance and patrioti sm could be the result of diff erent directi ons of causality, the analysis also uses an instrumental variables approach. It shows that there is good reason to believe that the relati on-ship is parti ally causal, with patrioti sm inducing higher compliance.

Homepage of the Internati onal Social Sur-vey Programme (ISSP) (htt p://www.issp.org).


Tax compliance is a complex matter with difficult lines to draw between avoid-ance on the one side, and evasion and tax fraud on the other, and with many further dimensions. To study the be-havioural aspects of the compliance decision, Kai A. Konrad, Tim Lohse, and Salmai Qari chose to approach a more straightforward problem in the labo-ratory. In experiments they studied a problem in which subjects have to make a simple decision between two alterna-tives: whether to declare honestly or not. This situation is, for instance, very close to the decision which travellers face in the context of customs compli-ance. The start of this work was actu-ally reported in the previous reporting period, in which several tax/customs compliance experiments focussing on the importance of face-to-face encoun-ters between the taxable subjects were executed in the laboratory with student research assistants taking the role of tax inspectors. We provide insights into the role of the self-perception of taxed sub-jects about how their observed appear-ance affected tax inspectors’ decisions regarding a possible audit. We also vide-otaped the interviews conducted on this question. These videotapes were the ba-sis of two further experiments that were conducted in the reporting period. One experiment showed individuals when they made their tax reports to tax inspec-tors. It showed individuals who reported having a low income. Some of these indi-viduals truthfully declared that they had a low income (resulting in zero taxation). Other individuals declared having a low income, whereas their true income was high and, if honestly declared, caused

tax liabilities. Sets of 40 video clips were shown to 231 other laboratory subjects who had to assess whether a given clip showed a truthful or an untruthful report.

The major findings were published as “Deception detection and the role of self-selection” (Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 2014, 107, 25-39). First, there is much heterogeneity among the taxpayer subjects as regards whether they are assessed as truthful or untruth-ful in their reports. Some taxpayer sub-jects are systematically assessed as truth-ful, other taxpayers as untruthful. These assessments are mostly independent of whether taxpayers were actually truthful in their reports or untruthful. Assessment biases are hence caused by characteris-tics that are tied to the taxed subjects, rather than to whether they declare truthfully or untruthfully. Second, there is mild evidence showing that taxpayer subjects are aware of their appearance as truthful or untruthful. Third, there is evidence of self-selection of taxpayers with high income when they make their declaration decision. It is the taxpayer subjects who appear truthful who self-select and choose to underreport their true income.

A follow-up study by Nadja Dwenger, Kai A. Konrad, and Tim Lohse is currently under way that uses a within-subjects design. It allows for the study of truth-fulness assessments by student subjects who watch a set of video clips for a set of taxpayer subjects for which two declara-tion decisions are on tape: one in which the subject truthfully reports low income, and one in which the same subject has


high income and decides to untruthfully report low income. Evidence from these studies suggests that the taxpayer sub-jects do not appear to be more truthful when they truthfully report low income, compared to when their true income is high and they falsely report low income.

While experimental and empirical results on compliance decisions and the possi-ble non-material incentives which drive them were an important part of the re-search in the Department, much work was devoted to the theory that studies tax evasion and tax auditing as incen-tive problems from a contract theory perspective. Important contributions to these questions included the Ph.D. thesis by Philipp Meyer-Brauns.

In his paper “Multitasking in corporate tax evasion” he studies corporate tax eva-sion. Using a principal-agent model with multitasking, the paper considers how contracting between a non-specialist firm-owner and a specialist tax manager influences the tax evasion game when the manager decides on both the quan-tity and quality of tax evasion. Quantity is defined here as the extent or the amount of underreporting. Quality is defined as a form of self-insurance activity that re-duces the expected fine for evasion in case of an audit. Higher quality may be interpreted as resorting to more sophisti-cated or complex ways of evasion, for ex-ample. The paper first characterises the optimal remuneration contract between a tax manager and firm-owner in such a setting. It finds that asymmetric informa-tion between the two contracting parties reduces both the optimally chosen quan-

tity and quality of tax evasion in equi-librium. The work then determines the government’s optimal tax enforcement policy and examines how this policy changes with the extent of asymmetric information between the principal and agent. Its main finding is that due to the reduction of evasion quality, tax enforce-ment may become more effective as a result of asymmetric information inside


the firm. Consequently, tax enforcement may be stricter where firms enter prin-cipal-agent relationships to evade taxes, rather than more lenient as suggested by earlier studies.

In his work entitled “Financial contracting with tax evaders” Philipp Meyer-Brauns studies how financial contracting and tax evasion interact. This paper extends the classic Townsend-Gale-Hellwig costly state verification model of financial con-tracting to allow for tax evasion by the borrowing entrepreneur. Because tax evasion is illegal, the potential proceeds from it are not contractible. The down-side in case of detection, however, is potentially harmful to the investor. That


is because fines for evasion may exhaust the entrepreneur’s funds and thus con-strain her ability to repay the investor. In this context, the paper finds that stand-ard debt contracts are no longer optimal. Instead, the optimal contract derived in this work combines elements of debt and equity and is less efficient than a standard debt contract.

In a third project entitled “Optimal audit-ing with heterogeneous audit percep-tions” Philipp Meyer-Brauns studies how heterogeneous perceptions of audit risk by taxpayers influence the government’s optimal tax audit policy. The paper finds that a taxpayer population exhibiting such heterogeneity requires a substan-tially different optimal audit strategy. In particular, the equilibrium audit inten-sity may increase or decrease as a result of heterogeneity in audit perceptions, depending on how costly audits are for the government. For instance, high audit costs imply that the government’s main trade-off in choosing its audit policy is

between economising on audit costs and inducing honesty. More dispersed per-ceptions of the true audit probability are found to weaken the honesty-inducing effect of a marginal increase in tax audit probability, but leaves the additional audit costs unchanged. This tilts the gov-ernment’s trade-off towards economis-ing on audit costs, which in turn leads to less intense audits as a result of higher heterogeneity in perceived audit risk.

2. tax incidence

Questions of tax incidence and the distri-bution of the burden of taxation belong to the classic topics in the analysis of tax-ation. It is one of the important results within public finance that statutory inci-dence (the description about who physi-cally has to pay a tax) and economic inci-dence (the description about who bears the economic burden of a tax) can be, and often are, two very different things. To study economic incidence and how it differs from statutory incidence, the tools of modern industrial organisation and an understanding of the functioning of mar-kets are indispensable. Market structure is decisive for economic incidence, and results on economic incidence are often counterintuitive or at least contradict the layman’s perceptions. Theory, but also laboratory experiments can contribute to clarifying the effects. The experiments on “Taxation and market power” by Kai A. Konrad, Florian Morath, and Wieland Müller (Canadian Journal of Economics 2014, 47(1), 173-202) was described in the previous activity report. It addresses an aspect which is often misperceived

Conference on Tax Compliance in Field and Laboratory Experiments, 4–5 November 2013.


in the public debate and in the financial press: the relation between the market power of firms and their ability to shift tax increases onto consumers.

In the working paper entitled “The taxa-tion of bilateral trade with endogenous information”, Tri Vi Dang and Florian Morath (2013) study questions of tax in-cidence and the efficiency effects of taxa-tion in decentralised markets in which agents may acquire information before they decide whether to trade. Invest-ments in information acquisition play, for instance, a crucial role in financial mar-kets. Their work shows that the policy conclusions on the efficiency effects of a financial transaction tax and of a capital gains tax may change when accounting for the implications of taxation for in-formation acquisition. They consider a model of decentralised bargaining and trade such as trade in over-the-counter markets and show that taxation has two effects: a direct effect on the equilib-rium trading price; and an indirect effect which works through the trading parties’ equilibrium choices of whether to invest in information acquisition. As a result, a transaction tax leads to more informa-tion acquisition and to less trade in equi-librium, while a capital gains tax leads to less information acquisition and to more trade in equilibrium. In contrast, a capi-tal gains tax has no effect on equilibrium trade if private information is exogenous. The overall welfare effects depend on whether bilaterally beneficial trade is socially optimal and the policy implica-tions differ diametrically for the two tax instruments considered. By preventing information acquisition and hence prob-

lems of asymmetric information, a capi-tal gains tax can be efficiency-enhancing.

On a closely related topic, Michael Hilmer analyses and compares differ-ent fiscal instruments that can affect managerial compensation and that were discussed in many countries and imple-mented by some governments: (i) taxes which managers (agents) need to pay on the bonuses received, (ii) limited deduct-ibility of bonuses from company profits and (iii) a corporate income tax (CIT). Based on a principal-agent framework in which the agent’s limited resources gen-erate the second-best problem, he ex-plores how the three tax instruments af-fect managerial incentives and how they change the design of incentive contracts used in equilibrium. For a given com-pensation structure, he finds that a bo-nus tax affects the equilibrium bonuses paid by firms. It decreases net bonuses that are chosen in the equilibrium and reduces managerial effort. However, al-lowing for an endogenous adjustment as it occurs if the principal-agent contract is chosen optimally, for incentive contracts used in equilibrium, both a bonus tax and the limited deductibility of bonus payments from company profits reduce (and distort) the manager’s effort and net bonus. Gross bonus payments may increase when a bonus tax is introduced. Nevertheless, limited deductibility and bonus taxes are close substitutes in terms of welfare. Both lead to a welfare loss compared to a CIT raising the same tax revenue.

This research project has a starting point that is a contract equilibrium that


is second-best from the perspective of the private sector in the absence of taxes. In this framework the CIT is a pure profit tax and does not distort the firm owners’ decisions, and bonus taxes and limited tax deductibility of managerial compensation cannot improve upon a CIT. This starting point can be seen as an important benchmark. It may be im-portant, however, to study bonus taxes and constraints on tax deductibility in set-ups in which a market failure prevails in the laissez-faire situation. Michael Hilmer analyses these in the presence of a systemic risk externality. He considers a financial market with highly intercon-nected financial institutions. In a simple symmetric principal-agent model with two banks, owned by different groups of shareholders, he assumes these bank insolvencies are systemic only if several banks simultaneously run into trouble, causing a too-many-to-fail externality: the banks receive a bailout only if sev-eral banks fail jointly. Thereby, the model generates incentives for herding and col-lective moral hazard. These may prevail even if each single bank is small.

In his model framework a wealth-con-strained manager is the only decision mak-er who knows about the distribution of re-turns of a feasible project. The bank’s own-ers have to use incentive payments such as a bonus in order to align managers’ interests with stockholders’ interests. In combination with the bailout externality, this leads to a number of results. If banks can anticipate bailouts, they can coordi-nate on an equilibrium in which they col-lectively incentivise the managers to take excessive risks. A bonus tax can prevent this excessive risk-taking. It reduces the risk-taking of the taxed bank and, conse-quently, rules out the equilibrium with excessive risk-taking by both banks and reestablishes market discipline. This is also true if the bonus tax is implemented unilaterally for one bank only.

Michael Hilmer also studies the role of these taxes in a dynamic framework in which the point of departure of his analysis is characterised by what is often referred to as “short-termism”. He exam-ines in which respect (i) the externality of a bailout and (ii) the introduction of a bonus tax on short-term bonus pay-ments influence the managerial timing of investment strategies and the rela-tionship between long-term and short-term compensation. He uses a model that is an adapted version of a model on short-termism in the literature. In this framework, investment opportunities last for two periods and the manager can choose the degree of short-termism. To shift profits from future to more immedi-ate periods is costly for the manager, and such increases in expected short-term profits also come at the expense of ex-

Michael Hilmer


pected long-term profits. As this short-termism is harmful for the bank, it should be in the bank’s best interest to prevent any short-termism chosen by the manager. However, an anticipated bailout can make the bank willing to tolerate short-termism more often and to a higher degree. While it is indeed in the bank’s interest to prevent short-termism by using an appropriate compensation structure in the absence of a bailout, in the presence of a bailout it is more profitable for the bank to pay higher short-term payments and to tolerate the negative consequence of increased short-termism. Nevertheless, an appropriate tax on short-term bonuses is found to change the determinants of incentive provision towards long-term bonuses and, thus, can induce the bank to internalise the costs of a bailout. Finally, inefficient short-termism can be reduced.

Overall, these findings by Philipp Meyer-Brauns and by Michael Hilmer shed new light on questions on which many premature common sense conclusions are prevalent in the public debate. The findings are of high policy relevance and contribute to a debate on the benefits of certain tax policies that emerged in the context of the recent financial crisis.

3. Optimal Taxation

Economic incidence analysis predomi-nantly takes a positive point of view. It describes who bears the economic con-sequences of a given tax. This perspec-tive offers insights into the mechanisms by which taxes affect decision makers as a function of the market framework,

informational constraints and the set of feasible contractual arrangements. Opti-mal taxation, in contrast, typically starts with a normative objective which, in typical cases, is a society’s welfare func-tion. The research on optimal taxation can then be seen as solving “engineering tasks”, where the economist is the engi-neer for a welfare-maximising govern-ment or a welfare-maximising politician who seeks to implement a tax policy that maximises this societal welfare function.

This classical area of public finance dates back more than 100 years. The field is associated with work by Nobel prize winners such as James Mirrlees, Finn E. Kydland, and Edward C. Prescott. The early work by Mirrlees “An exploration in the theory of optimum income taxation” (The Review of Economic Studies 1971, 38(2), 175-208) addressed the question of how to design a redistributive tax on personal income if individuals’ true earn-ings ability is their private information, and if the individuals can react to a tax by changing their work effort. Economists have continued to study variants of this key question for decades, but the work had a major revival in the last 15 years with economists including Robin Boad-way, Raj Chetty, Peter Diamond, and Em-manuel Saez.

Within the Department, Aart Gerritsen, together with Bas Jacobs (Erasmus Uni-versity Rotterdam), completed further research on this question. More specifi-cally, they ask whether a binding mini-mum wage is an appropriate instrument for redistribution in this context: should a government implement a binding mini-


mum wage if it also has access to pro-gressive taxation to redistribute income? They theoretically show that a minimum wage does redistribute from skilled work-ers to unskilled workers by flattening the wage distribution. But such redistribu-tion could also be replicated by an ad-justment of the progressive tax system. A minimum wage distinguishes itself from progressive taxation by raising the costs of hiring unskilled workers, which yields two separate effects on social welfare. On the one hand, as firms will be less willing to hire unskilled workers, a mini-mum wage leads to higher involuntary unemployment – a welfare loss. On the other hand, as unskilled workers want to avoid involuntary unemployment, they will invest more in skills. As higher skilled workers tend to pay more taxes, this in-crease in education constitutes a welfare gain. A minimum wage is desirable if the social welfare gains from more education outweigh the social welfare losses from higher unemployment.

Aart Gerritsen and Bas Jacobs also devel-op an empirically measurable condition

under which a minimum-wage increase is desirable. Three measures turn out to be crucial: the tax-revenue gains associ-ated with an additional skilled worker, the tax-revenue losses associated with an additional unemployment person, and an elasticity which indicates how the number of skilled workers responds to an increase in unemployment. Using OECD data for tax-revenue gains and losses, they conclude that for almost all OECD countries under consideration, a minimum wage increase would be desir-able only if a percentage point increase in the unemployment rate leads to high-er educational enrollment of at least 0.6 percentage points. Only for the United States, enrollment rates should increase by 0.4 percentage points. Within the empirical literature, the best estimates of the unemployment-enrollment effect tend to lie between 0.1 and 0.6. This suggests that a minimum wage decrease is desirable for all countries under con-sideration – except possibly the United States. If such a reform is accommodated by compensating tax adjustments, it can lead to both more tax revenue, as well as utility gains for individuals who man-age to obtain a job due to lower wage costs. A reduction of the minimum wage could thus be part of a Pareto-improving policy reform, leading some groups of individuals to be better off and no other group to be worse off. Within their model context they also conclude that, for countries without legally binding minimum wage – such as Germany at the time of the research, Austria, Italy, or the Nordic countries – implementing one is not desirable.

Aart Gerritsen


Next to minimum wages, another tool that may be relevant in the context of optimal taxation is rationing. Rationing may, however, also come into the picture as a constraint rather than as an instru-ment. An important example of ration-ing is involuntary unemployment and is studied by Aart Gerritsen in the context of optimal taxation. Involuntary unem-ployment is characterised by the sup-ply of labour to exceed the demand for labour, without market forces adjusting towards a market clearing equilibrium. A typical feature of the rationing scheme that applies in the state of involuntary unemployment is that some of the un-employed would derive more satisfaction from a job than some of the workers who do manage to obtain a job. Now consider taxes. Higher tax rates lead to reduced incentives to supply work. Starting from a given equilibrium rationing state, this causes a selective exit: some workers change to work less or not at all. At the margin, the increase in income taxes causes an interesting selection effect. It is the persons who derive relatively little utility from being employed who decide to work less or quit. They create employ-ment for some of the unemployed, and the newly hired persons may not be per-sons close to indifference, but individuals who derive a non-zero rent from becom-ing employed. Similar results apply to unemployment benefits. In the absence of involuntary unemployment, higher benefits lead to less labour supply and thereby to an efficiency loss. However, in the presence of involuntary unem-ployment, higher benefits lead workers to create jobs for the unemployed who, on average, derive more well-being from

it. In other words, by raising taxes and benefits the government may substitute voluntary unemployment for involuntary unemployment, thereby generating an efficiency gain.

Unlike in the conventional equity-efficiency trade-off, taxes and benefits may lead to both improved equity and improved efficiency here. Within this analytic framework, the policy recom-mendations from these considerations would be to raise income taxes for labour-market segments that are char-acterised by high involuntary unemploy-ment, and use the additional revenue to increase unemployment benefits.

Applied to a more dynamic perspec-tive that takes into account the ups and downs of economic activity, the results suggest that government should raise in-come taxes and unemployment benefits in times of high-unemployment reces-sions, and lower them in more prosper-ous economic times. These conclusions also bear implications for government policy that is aimed at increasing labour-market participation. If the labor market is characterised by involuntary unem-ployment, it need not be desirable to activate the unemployed. This is the case if such a policy would only replace peo-ple who have a net surplus from work-ing, compared to being on welfare by persons who are just indifferent about whether to be on welfare or to enter the labour market.

Another finding is that a standard result on the economic incidence of labour income taxes need not hold: the irrel-


evance of whether these taxes are col-lected from employees or employers. In both cases the tax would lead to the same decrease in workers’ net wages and increase in firms’ labour costs. The conventional wisdom is based on the as-sumption of flexible wages, an assump-tion that does not square well with many types of involuntary unemployment. In the presence of involuntary unemploy-ment, higher employee taxes may lead to both equity and efficiency gains (as described above), but higher employer taxes may lead to even less labour de-mand and higher unemployment in this framework, and therefore to an efficien-cy loss.

Standard rational choice theory assumes that people make decisions in line with their preferences. This assumption has often been subject to criticism from psychologists and, more recently, also by economists. This makes it worthwhile to study the welfare effects of taxation if the fundamental rational choice assump-tion is relaxed. Pursuing this objective as

an exercise in behavioural economics, Aart Gerritsen finds that on top of the standard equity and efficiency effects, taxes might serve to ‘correct’ people’s ‘mistaken’ behaviour. For example, when it comes to labour income taxes, higher marginal tax rates cause workers to work less. Apart from the standard efficiency effects, such a reduction of labour sup-ply may be to the benefit of workers if workers tend to work harder than ‘what is good for them’ and is less beneficial if workers tend to work less than ‘what is good for them.’

Whether people indeed work ‘too much’ or ‘too little’ is a difficult question. Aart Gerritsen attempts to address this question by using British panel data on people’s subjective life satisfaction as a measure of well-being. On the basis of these and other data, he determines how this measure of well-being depends on both net income and working hours. This allows him to calculate the ‘well-being optimal number of working hours’ for every individual. Comparing this number with individuals’ actual work-ing hours shows a divergence. Measured against the welfare objective he has con-structed, British workers with a relatively low income work, on average, too little. They could enhance their ‘well-being’ by working more hours each week. For workers with a relatively high income, the opposite holds: they work too many hours each week, harming their own ‘well-being’. If the British government would adopt and pursue this happiness-based welfare objective, it could increase this welfare by reducing the marginal income tax for low-income workers, and

Workshop on Taxation and Redistribu-tion, 6 June 2012.


raising the marginal income tax for high-income workers.

IV International Public Finance

Tax compliance, tax incidence and opti-mal taxation typically study the interac-tion between the private sector and the public sector within a given regulatory framework, whereas this framework can be chosen by the government. Different phenomena can be studied in the inter-national context, when governments themselves take the roles as players in the international arena.

Standard problems that have for a long time been studied in this context are the choice of trade instruments, the theory of optimal tariffs, tariff wars and strate-gic trade policy. Also, the theory of non-cooperative collective action has major applications in the international context. These include the issue of international public goods, such as international cli-mate policy, international security and the avoidance of international conflict or war. A further important area in in-ternational public finance is the theory of international taxation, international tax competition and tax coordination in a world with firms’ and other private sec-tor decision makers’ cross-border trans-actions.

What differentiates many of these prob-lems from standard problems in the national context is a two-layered struc-ture with strategic interaction between governments in the top layer, and with

the absence of strong international insti-tutions that could enforce international contracts on this top layer. Recall the theory of optimal tariffs, tariff unions and tariff war: countries, or national governments on their behalf, choose the tariffs that apply for cross-border trans-actions. Once these decisions are made, a regulatory framework exists in which the private sector decision makers in dif-ferent countries take this framework as a given when making their own economic decisions. Of course, the governments anticipate this private sector behaviour when making their regulatory/tax/tariff choices. Furthermore, the policy choices made in one country are interdepend-ent with the policy choices made in an other countries. Commitment between countries is difficult to obtain as these countries are souvereign. Further, policy choice makers can be lobbied or influ-enced by important players from the pri-vate sector.

Research in international public finance was conducted at the Department in the reporting period in three broader areas: (1) International Tax Competition and Tax Havens, (2) Global Climate Change, and (3) Fiscal Policy and Souvereign Debt in the Eurozone.

1. Tax Competition and Tax Havens

Due to international mobility, increased international trade and the internatio-nalisation of business more generally, taxation in one country increasingly has fiscal spillovers to other countries and redistributive effects between different


groups in the private sectors in different countries. As a result, when countries choose their tax rules, they take into account that these rules have a cross-border impact. The strategic implications of this insight have been assessed in a large literature on tax competition and tax coordination. Michael Keen and Kai A. Konrad with “The theory of interna-tional tax competition and coordination”, In: Auerbach, Alan J., Raj Chetty, Martin Feldstein, and Emmanuel Saez (eds.) Handbook of Public Economics 2012. Amsterdam/Oxford: Elsevier, 257-328.) survey the theoretical achievements in this field. The survey addresses business taxation in particular. It highlights the early contributions, the Wilson-Wilda-sin-Zodrow-Mieszkowski model and the Keen-Kanbur model of tax competition. These are the two workhorse models for theory on tax competition. It also ad-dresses the role of full or partial coordi-

nation, surveys several dynamic aspects and considers political economy aspects.

One intriguing phenomenon in interna-tional taxation is the emergence of what is often called “tax havens”. These are often described as small countries or small jurisdictions within larger coun-tries which seemingly operate a particu-lar “business” model: they make use of their national souvereignty or independ-ence and offer special services to capital owners and internationally operating corporations. These services can take various forms, but they typically allow models of “tax optimisation” to operate and include the provision of a decent lo-cal internal system of governance that endows investors in this jurisdiction with the amenities of a high level of secu-rity of property rights, and regulations that offer the investor privacy vis-à-vis the governments that may want to im-pose taxes on the capital or the returns brought to the haven country.

Secret accounts, trusts or other legal en-tities with opaque ownership located in these haven countries structure may be used by private investors to shield own capital returns from capital income taxa-tion in their residence countries. Maybe even more importantly, the haven coun-tries are used for corporations to store their international business returns for a long time, delaying the corporate taxes that may apply upon the repatriation of these profits. Recently, several cases discussed in the press reported US firms reducing their effective corporate tax burden close to zero, when they arrange special deals with the local tax adminis-

Conference on Understanding Tax Ha-vens, 22–23 January 2014.


Figure taken from May Elsayyad and Kai A. Konrad, “Fighti ng multi ple tax havens”, illustrati ng the game structures and the role of sequenti al versus simultaneous joint off ers to deacti vate several tax ha-vens.

trati on of some countries, or fi rms that delay the repatriati on of profi ts and simultaneously borrow large sums at home to pay dividends to their share-holders. These reports have brought the business of tax havens to the forefront of the tax policy debate.

The characteristi cs of tax havens have been studied more carefully in the last 10 to 15 years, and they have become the main target of non-haven countries and internati onal non-governmental or-ganisati ons, such as the OECD. However, this research is just beginning. The non-haven countries may rightly expect that the existence of haven countries and their tax sheltering business may erode the basis for corporate taxati on as far as it is related to internati onal corpora-ti ons. And economists interested in the distributi on of income and wealth may be concerned that such arrangements protect the rich and very rich from in-come taxati on and therefore may have redistributi ve consequences that are considered to be undesired or unfair, or that the rich and wealthy cannot be made accountable when it comes to the allocati on of the burden of fi nancing public expenditure.

May Elsayyad and Kai A. Konrad ana-lysed the OECD’s strategy and process of closing down tax havens from a dynamic market theory perspecti ve. This work is published as “Fighti ng multi ple tax ha-vens” (Journal of Internati onal Econom-ics 2012, 86(2), 295-305). This work was discussed in the acti vty report of the previous audit period. Their main con-cern is that a sequenti al closing down of

tax havens will increase the profi tability for the havens that remain in business. Applying this insight for a back-of-the-en-velope calculati on, and using data from Gabriel Zucman (“The missing wealth of Nati ons: Evidence from Switzerland, 1914-2010”. Paris School of Economics Working Paper No. 2011-07), they esti -mate that what it takes to convince the last tax haven to quit is about twenty ti mes what it takes to convince the fi rst tax haven in this process, even if one as-sumes that the tax havens are, ex ante, very similar. They also received indirect support for the relevance of the competi -ti on between tax havens from the work by Niels Johannesen and Gabriel Zucman (“The end of bank secrecy? An evalua-ti on of the G20 tax haven crackdown”. American Economic Journal: Economic


Policy 2014, 6(1): 65-91). They show that portfolio capital reacts to the number of information transfer agreements signed by a tax haven: some portfolio capital is shifted away from these countries and to other tax havens which were less active in signing agreements.

In their working paper “Coordination and the fight against tax havens”, Kai A. Kon-rad and Tim Stolper address the decision of a haven country as to whether to give in to international pressure and comply with international standards of transpar-ency or to resist the costly pressure and maintain the secrecy regime typical for a tax haven. This work complements the work by May Elsayyad and Kai A. Kon-rad. It ignores competition between tax havens, but highlights the importance of small amounts of incomplete informa-tion. The haven country’s decision of whether to offer services as a tax haven is largely driven by the amount of costly international pressure relative to the rev-enues that the haven can realise with the tax haven business. The revenues depend on the amount of investment that the

country can attract with its haven status. These revenues, in turn are determined endogenously by the individual decisions of many individual investors who may invest in the haven country or not. The success or failure of the fight against tax havens is the outcome of a many-player coordination game. The analysis applies a standard equilibrium selection tool from the literature on coordination games, the global game approach developed by Carlsson and van Damme (“Global games and equilibrium selection”. Econometrica 1993, 61(5), 989-1018) and Morris and Shin (“Unique equilibrium in a model of self-fulfilling currency attacks”. American Economic Review 1998, 88(3), 587-597). It derives a unique equilibrium for the game. This equilibrium is then used to derive a number of policy implications. Uncertainty that is used in the theory of global games as an equilibrium re-finement concept is likely to be actually present in the tax haven context. Hence, one can make a more precise prediction as to why some haven countries are very successful in attracting large sources of international investment and yielding substantial profits, while other coun-tries fail to do so. This work also shows why the rents for tax havens are not competed fully away despite the pres-ence of multiple active tax havens and international financial markets. Further, the analysis has implications for the tax policy of high-tax countries that went largely unnoticed in the current policy debate. There is a trade-off between a successful fight against tax havens on the one hand, and high tax rates in non-hav-en countries – e.g. in the context of an international tax rate harmonisation – or

Tim Stolper


low fines for revealed offshore tax eva-sion – often implemented to encourage the repatriation of offshore funds – on the other side.

The tax haven phenomenon can also be approached from an empirical perspec-tive. May Elsayyad studied the empiri-cal aspects of the tax havens’ reactions to the OECD pressure. The recent G20 crackdown on tax havens has resulted in a surge of new bilateral treaties that regulate the information exchange be-tween tax havens and high-tax countries. Her work on this started in the previous reporting period and was discussed in the previous activity report. The main contribution of her resulting paper en-titled “Bargaining over tax information exchange” is the analysis and identifica-tion of the main mechanism driving re-cent treaty signings by tax havens. The analysis allows for a more detailed analy-sis of the legal vehicles proposed by the OECD Harmful Tax Practices Initiative to curb the tax haven phenomenon: the signing of a TIEA or the inclusion of an information exchange clause to a double taxation convention (DTC). The paper analyses the main factors determining the signing of an agreement as the out-come of a bargaining process between tax havens and high tax countries. Given that a tax haven would rather sign an information exchange treaty which also facilitates cross-border investment (DTC) than sign a treaty which only regulates information exchange (TIEA), the paper uses a stylised bargaining model to de-velop testable hypotheses with regards to the type of agreement signed. The theoretical model identifies the general

bargaining position of a tax haven versus a high tax country, the effectiveness of the defensive measures that can be used by the high tax country against a tax haven and the share of capital which is evaded in the tax haven country as the main drivers of the bargaining outcome. Taking these insights to the data, she argues that the respective bargaining positions are a function of each coun-try’s respective economic position, while the effectiveness of the defensive meas-ures is a function of the strength of the bilateral relationship. Using an ordinal maximum likelihood regression model, the empirical analysis confirms that the main drivers of treaty signing are haven-specific characteristics such as economic strength and good governance. Bilateral similarity and geographical proximity characteristics seem to be unrelated to treaty outcomes.

2. International Public Finance of climate Policy

The Department also continued its re-search on international public finance in the area of climate policy. Among other aspects, international climate policy today is characterised by a preliminary agreement of a subgroup of countries (the Kyoto Protocol) and by an otherwise non-cooperative framework between countries with heterogeneous inter-ests. A large community of researchers, politicians groups, activists and other interested parties has also emerged in this context. A considerable group of researchers and interest groups study the problems of climate change. A long


series of climate summits documents the difficulties and failures to reach an international climate protection ar-rangement. The negotiating parties are souvereign countries, and their number is large. There is asymmetric informa-tion between the countries about the actual objective functions of the politi-cians who negotiate with each other in the climate summits, e.g. about their willingness to pay for avoiding climate change. Moreover, there is no global en-forcement mechanism, no international court to appeal to in case a country does not stick to its agreements, and no international power monopoly that could enforce an international agree-ment or implement sanctions in case of non-compliance by one or the other country. This marks some of the difficul-ties in the process of reaching a climate agreement. Today, even if an agreement were to be reached in one of the next meetings, it would not prevent, but only limit climate change.

The National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech) has established a working group named “Adaptation Strat-egies in Climate Policy”. Up to shortly before the final publication stage, it was chaired by Kai A. Konrad, Volker Mos-brugger (Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung und Universität Frank-furt) and Fritz Vahrenholt (RWE Innogy GmbH). The report of this working group that consisted of researchers and repre-sentatives of the different relevant in-dustry branches, was published as “An-passungsstrategien in der Klimapolitik” in September 2012 as acatech’s position paper to the climate change.

Other policy relevant institutions have also become interested in the topic of adaptation. The European Investment Bank prepared a public policy confer-ence on climate policy for June 2012 and commissioned a research paper to Kai A. Konrad and Marcel Thum (Technische Universität Dresden and ifo-Institute Dresden) on the role of different layers of the public sector for adaptation policy in Germany and Europe. The paper enti-tled “The role of economic policy climate change adaptation” was published in the CESifo Economic Studies (2014, 60(1), 32-61). The major results of this study have already been adopted in the European Investment Bank research report enti-tled “Investment and growth in the time of climate change” (Atanas Kolev, Armin-D. Riess, Georg Zachmann and Edward Calthrop, Eds., Economic Department of the EIB, Brussels) that appeared in 2012.

Position paper on climate change from the acatech working group “Ad-aptation Strategies in Climate Policy”, published September 2012.


The paper highlights that adaptation is largely a task that is carried out by the private sector, and in private markets. The report identifies only a few areas in which public policy involvement in adaptation policy is needed in Germany. These mainly encompass the provision of information, basic economic research on climate change and climate change adaptation, and a few areas in which re-gional public policy steps are desirable.

In her Ph.D. project, Sabine Aresin analy-ses the role of a special feature of climate policy that was established as part of the Kyoto Protocol. To facilitate compliance with the protocol and to foster efficient mitigation technologies in developing countries and in emerging markets coun-tries, industrialised countries have the option to carry out abatement projects abroad, in developing countries, with the emission reductions generated by these projects counting towards the industrial-ised countries’ achievement of their own emission reduction goals. These cross-border abatement provisions are called Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and allow industrial countries to abate at the lowest possible cost, while promot-ing the recipient country’s know-how in green technology and its economic development. However, this mechanism and the ability of some players to make use of it also has strategic effects for the emission abatement policies implement-ed by other countries. This makes the equilibrium effects of such a mechanism for total worldwide abatement and for the allocation of the cost burden of these abatement efforts less straightforward.

In the paper “Cross border abatement and its welfare effects” (Max Planck In-stitute for Tax Law and Public Finance Working Paper No. 2013-04), she analy-ses these effects in a non-cooperative emission reduction game between two countries. A key result is that the conse-quences of the CDM strongly depend on “additionality”: whether CDM-projects are low-cost abatement projects that are substitutes for projects that could also be carried out by firms or the gov-ernment in the developing countries, or whether the CDM leaves it to the devel-oping countries to implement the low-cost-abatement projects themselves, such that the CDM projects add to local abatement. Only in the latter case will developing countries abate at all. If, however, CDM-projects crowd out pro-jects which developing countries could have taken on themselves, the emission reductions generated by these CDM pro-jects will merely become a substitute for the emission reduction by the develop-ing countries, which will cease to abate at all.

Her current and future projects also fo-cus on the CDM. In recent years several emission trading schemes around the world started to treat emission certifi-cates generated abroad less favourably. A given quantity of emission reduction obtained abroad may then count for less than the same quantity of emission re-duction at home. She analyses how this different weighing affects the equilibrium choice of domestic and abroad abate-ment in her paper “Import restrictions on emission credits”. A further project is based on the idea that the difference


in regulatory treatment of abatement at home and cross-border abatement abroad may be related to informati on asymmetries between the fi rms claiming emission credits abroad and the nati onal governments. The well-known Crime and Punishment framework dati ng back to Gary Becker (“Crime and punishment: An economic approach”. Journal of Politi cal Economy 1968, 76, 169-217) can be used to explain why a government would like fi rms to shift their emission abatement away from abroad and towards domesti c abatement, if such informati on asym-metries exist.

The project enti tled “Technology trans-fers for climate change” by May Elsayyad and Florian Morath (2013) is moti vated by the recent success of internati onal initi ati ves for the transfer of green technology as an instrument to tackle the problem of climate change. They develop a dynamic model which adds another important trade-off to the clas-

sic public goods problem. Countries face the following trade-off when deciding on their contributi on to climate protec-ti on: decision-makers have an incenti ve to wait unti l (some of) the uncertainty about the impact of climate change on the country level is resolved. But delay-ing acti on may also turn out to be costly due to the concentrati on of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, which makes current emissions (and foregone emission reducti on eff orts, respecti vely) basically irreversible. Incenti ves to free-ride not only on other countries’ current climate protecti on eff ort but also on their future eff orts will bias the countries’ contributi on path towards later contri-buti ons. They also show that the trans-fer/export of cost-reducing technology to other countries aff ects the trade-off between uncertainty about the impact of climate change and the irreversibility of foregone climate protecti on eff orts; hence, technology transfer aff ects the countries’ ti ming of their contributi ons. Even though advanced green technology makes it generally cheaper to contrib-ute to climate protecti on, technology transfer can make it relati vely more ex-pensive to delay acti on against climate change. By inducing other countries not to delay their climate protecti on eff orts, the transfer of green technology can be strategically benefi cial for the country that has developed the technology. Ef-fects pointi ng in the opposite directi on are also possible when countries share technology that is parti cularly useful in the future and thereby strengthen other countries’ incenti ves for delay; sharing such types of technology would, however, be strategically disadvanta-

Sabine Aresin presents her fi ndings at the Workshop on Öff entliche Finanzen und Politi sche Ökonomie, May 2013.


geous for a country. Technology transfer mechanisms are shown to have positive welfare effects whenever they induce countries to shift their contributions to climate protection to an earlier point in time, and their implementation can be the outcome of a non-cooperative game, making these mechanisms particularly promising policy instruments.

Theory work in the Department on the role of incomplete information in the context of international climate negotia-tions reconsiders work by Michael Hoel (“Global environmental problems – The effects of unilateral actions taken by one country”. Journal of Environmental Eco-nomics and Management 1991, 20(1), 55-70) on unilateral commitment. He es-tablished that a policy in which one coun-try takes a lead and unilaterally commits to making high efforts in own national emission reductions is mainly counter-acted by increases in the emission levels that will be chosen in other countries. In the complete information context he con-siders, the unilateral commitment does not affect the probability of reaching an international environmental agreement. As an application of the Coase theorem, reaching a cooperative agreement can be taken for granted in this framework. The work by Kai A. Konrad and Marcel Thum (Technische Universität Dresden and ifo-Institute Dresden) that has al-ready been mentioned in the previous activity report researches the role of unilateral commitment for the likelihood of reaching a climate agreement if the negotiating politicians who meet in the world climate summits have incomplete information about their mutual eager-

ness to reach such an agreement. Using a bargaining framework with incomplete information, they show that unilateral leadership typically reduces the likeli-hood of an efficient agreement. This work is published as “Climate policy ne-gotiations with incomplete information” (Economica 2014, 81(322), 244-256).

The same authors also apply a similar logic to other aspects of international climate policy. They show that the avail-ability of transborder emission abate-ment that can be used by countries to fulfill their own abatement goals, such as a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the Kyoto Protocol has a similarly neg-ative effect for the likelihood of reaching a cooperative climate agreement. This result is described in a paper entitled “Does a clean development mechanism facilitate international environmental agreements?” (Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance Working Paper No. 2014-20). While the precise mechanism at work and the policy ques-tion addressed differ from the previous research result, the logic is similar to the bargaining framework on unilateral commitment. The more general principle that applies is known as the topsy-turvy principle in industrial organisation: coop-eration becomes more difficult if the out-come of non-cooperation is less harmful for the potentially cooperating players.

3. souvereign Debt and the Eurozone

A further issue in international public fi-nance, and one that has received utmost policy prominence in recent years, is the


problem of souvereign debt inside the European Monetary Union. This topic was already on the agenda of the activ-ity report in the period 2010–2011 and some of the policy-focussed research in the Public Finance Department was geared towards this topic.

In short, after a long period of interest rate convergence inside the Eurozone, the revision of the Greek government deficit from about 3 per cent to close to 14 per cent of the GDP marked the end of this period and led to the first souvereign debt crisis inside the Eurozone. This crisis did not trigger a default and restructur-ing, as would have been suggested by the “no bailout” Article 125 (AEUV). The crisis spread towards other member countries. This spreading had different reasons in the varous crisis countries, but all reasons were related to the financial and economic crisis that had emerged in 2007 and the impact the crisis had on some policy developments in the respec-tive countries that were unhealthy, but remained without major negative con-sequences in the boom time prior to the crisis. With the first half of 2010 the Eu-rozone entered into a muddling-through regime which is still ongoing. Major steps in this process were the attempt to re-vise and revitalise the European Stabil-ity and Growth Pact, intergovernmental guarantees such as the early guarantee devices that were followed and replaced by the ESM, and interventions by the European Central Bank, with the Long-Term-Refinancing Operations, the Out-right Monetary Transactions programme (OMT) and the announcement of a major programme of Quantitative Easing.

Members of the Department contributed to the policy debate along several chan-nels. Kai A. Konrad and Holger Zschäpitz (financial journalist at “Die Welt”) pub-lished the first book on the European debt crisis in Germany in 2010 (see ac-

Kai A. KonradHolger Zschäpitz schulden ohne sühne? Was Europas Krise uns Bürger kostet.

dtv Verlag283 p.

tivity report 2010–2011). The book gained major public attention and was nominated for the “Wirtschaftsbuch-preis” in 2010. A thoroughly revised and updated edition of this book was entitled “Schulden ohne Sühne? Was Europas Krise uns Bürger kostet” and was pub-lished as a paperback edition (dtv-Verlag, 2012) two years later. It offers an analysis of the various mistaken developments that eventually led to the European Debt Crisis, offers an assessment of the early measures taken to address the crisis, and sketches an alternative approach to deal with the crisis. In commentaries and in-terviews in newspapers and in short arti-cles in policy outlets such as vox.org, oe-konomenstimme.org, Ifo-Schnelldienst, Wirtschaftsdienst, among other outlets) Kai A. Konrad also commented on the developments in the course of the crisis. As the Chairman of the Council of Scien-


ti fi c Advisors to the Federal Ministry of Finance he also contributed to several statements of this group on this topic. The Council also completed a detailed report on the European fi nancial crisis in January 2012 and this document was formally handed over to the Minister on 2 March 2012. This report characterises the current reform process as a combina-ti on of rescue acti viti es that collecti vise debt responsibility inside the European Union, and changes in the governance structure that shift more control rights

from the nati on states to the European governance level.

The Council report provides economic and politi cal reasons as to why a policy that aims at an improved Stability and Growth Pact is likely to fail in the medium run and why this policy risks breaking up the European Union. The Council report also provides advice as to what would be an alternati ve, sustainable governance regime that is organised along the prin-ciples of autonomy and nati onal respon-


sibility, what is the specific role of reform in the banking sector and in the regula-tion of financial markets for making this regime credible, and how the transition from the status quo to this regime could be achieved.

In 2013 the German Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) had an expert hearing on the Outright Mon-etary Transactions (OMT) programme of the European Central Bank. The court basically had to rule on whether the European contract of Maastricht that es-tablished the common currency area in Europe and the European System of Cen-tral Banks is compatible with the German constitution, given that the European Central Bank adopts the OMT. Evidently, the German Constitutional Court has no direct jurisdiction regarding the Euro-pean Central Bank, and the question it has to decide addresses the behaviour of German governmental institutions in particular. Kai A. Konrad was appointed as one of the expert witnesses to the Court and offered his assessment to the court at the court meeting in June 2013.

All five independent economist witness-es’ statements (Clemens Fuest, Marcel Fratzscher, Kai A. Konrad, Hans-Werner Sinn, Harald Uhlig) were published in a collected volume entitled “Bundesver-fassungsgericht und Krisenpolitik der EZB – Stellungnahmen der Ökonomen”, (Wirtschaftsdienst 2013, 93(7), 431-454). The final court ruling is still not out at the time of this report’s production, but the court has already declared that it is likely to consider the OMT program as an action by which the European Cen-

tral Bank is stretching its mandate by too much. The court will need to come to a ruling once the European Court of Justice has provided its own assessment.

V Political Economy of Distribution and Conflict

Research on the public sector should not overlook major insights of political economy: politicians are self-interested decision makers who optimise within the constraints of the political system. In an ideal world the contractual arrange-ment in which these choices are made perfectly aligns their objectives with the objectives of a greater public, the repre-sentative citizen, their constituency, or the well-understood common interest. But in a world with collective decision making, with conflicting interests, with bureaucrats, experts, interest groups and policy makers, with information asymmetries, with transaction costs and with problems of time consistency and commitment, the policy process is less straightforward, and also more interest-ing from a research perspective.

The area of “Political Economy of Distri-bution and Conflict” takes these aspects on board. While many studies in the other programme areas consider princi-pal-agent problems by which the (well-minded) government faces a private sec-tor who reacts to what the government chooses, or in which the government is confronted with other governments in other countries, and acts on behalf of the well-understood interest of its own


constituency, this section also studies the process that leads to governmental decision making.

1. Conflict Theory

Part of this research is carried out in a sub-project on “Conflict in Governance Problems” within the Sonderforschungs-bereich (SFB) TR-15. This SFB is enti-tled Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems and brings together about 15 different projects based in Bonn, Berlin, Mannheim and Munich and is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and started its third funding period (2012–2015) at the be-ginning of the reporting period in this activity report. The purpose of the sub-project in the first two funding periods was to study the role of resource-waste-ful conflict as an empirically relevant determinant of allocation processes. The third funding period is about the role of collective action, and in particular, the role of alliances in this context. Repre-sentative of this agenda are research questions stated in the research outline, such as: how does the existence of an alliance or the nature of its formation af-fect the ability and willingness of players to mobilise resources for conflict? How does a common history as “brothers in arms” or a common history as having interacted in more antagonistic roles af-fect distributional conflict and any pos-sible struggle about resources among players? When do alliances form, and when do they break up? What is the role of information for the formation or ero-sion of alliances? What is the role of the

governance structure inside an alliance for success? These are most fundamen-tal questions and some of these ques-tions have been taken up in the context of economics and political science. The research methodology is the formation of theory and theory-guided controlled laboratory experiments.

In a series of laboratory experiments, Changxia Ke, Kai A. Konrad, and Florian Morath investigate the role of internal distributional conflict for the prospects of alliances. In the paper “Brothers in arms – An experiment on the alliance puzzle” (Games and Economic Behavior 2013, 77(1), 61-76) they analyse how the possibility of internal conflict affects the willingness of alliance members to con-tribute to the alliance effort. Does future distributional conflict inside a victorious alliance discourage its members from making effort contributions in the con-flict between the alliance and its adver-sary, compared to a situation in which al-liance members can commit to share the

Workshop on Contest Theory and Poli-tical Competition, 4–5 September 2014.


spoils of victory peacefully? In line with the theoretical prediction, the experi-mental evidence confirms such a hold-up effect, which leads to lower effort contri-butions when alliance members antici-pate future internal conflict. Neverthe-less, independent of the process of prize allocation in victorious alliances, the free-riding of alliance members is less pronounced than predicted by a theory of narrowly selfish players. This finding is in line with aspects like in-group solidar-ity and in-group favouritism, which have been argued to be particularly strong in the presence of an out-group.

The study also asks whether such in-group favouritism survives the end and break-down of an existing alliance. How do the alliance members’ experiences of successfully fighting ‘shoulder-to-shoulder’ affect their willingness to turn against each other when they have to solve the distributional conflict between them? By comparing the efforts of alli-ance members in an internal distribution-al contest to the efforts of players who do not have any joint history, they find that within their institutional environ-ment, in-group solidarity breaks down as soon as the joint enemy is defeated; former allies fight each other even more vigorously than contestants who do not have a joint history.

In another set of experiments this group of authors (“Alliances in the shadow of conflict”. Economic Inquiry, forthcoming) analyses the determinants of whether internal distributional conflict emerges within victorious alliances when alliance members cannot commit ex ante to a

prize-sharing rule. In the experiments al-liance members have to choose whether to share the prize peacefully or whether to enter into distributional conflict once they have defeated the joint adversary. The focus is on two main institutional variations: asymmetries, and non-bind-ing announcements. First, an imbalance between the alliance members’ fighting strength in the internal conflict and the rent distribution in case of a peaceful settlement matters for the likelihood of internal conflict. Players are more likely to fight internally the more unequal the division of the prize is, even if the peace-ful settlement yields a higher material payoff to both alliance players. In turn, the higher likelihood of internal conflict is anticipated by alliance members and strengthens the hold-up problem when fighting the out-group. Second, alliance members may make use of (non-binding) ex-ante declarations on their prize-shar-ing intention. In line with the prediction for payoff-maximising players, the op-portunity to make non-binding declara-tions does not change either the actual probability of internal fight or the effort contributions of alliance players in the conflict with the out-group, compared to a situation where ex-ante non-aggression declarations are not possible. Finally, the experimental results show that internal conflict becomes more likely−and more intense−the more unequally the alliance members have contributed to the fight against the joint enemy.

Kai A. Konrad and Florian Morath (“Evo-lutionary determinants of war”. Defence and Peace Economics, forthcoming) pro-vide a theoretical underpinning of the


Figure taken from Kai A. Konrad and Flo-rian Morath, “Evolutionary determinants of war”: The range of peaceful resource allocations that is evolutionarily stable is smaller than the corresponding range in the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium.

observation that players may choose to fight even if this reduces their monetary payoff. They study evolutionary argu-ments in the context of finite popula-tions. If players’ strategies are shaped by evolutionary forces in small populations, this puts an emphasis on relative rather than absolute material payoff. Conse-quently, players may reject resource al-locations and trigger distributional con-flict even when conflict leads to a lower material payoff, as long as conflict makes them better off in relative terms. They show that the range of peaceful resource allocations that is evolutionarily stable is smaller than the corresponding range in the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium.

Besides the moral hazard problem within alliances and the hold-up problem gener-ated by the potential of internal conflict, the work entitled “Endogenous group formation in experimental contests” by Luisa Herbst, Kai A. Konrad, and Florian Morath (European Economic Review, forthcoming) focusses on a third impor-tant aspect of alliance formation: the self-selection of certain types of players into alliances. While endogenous al-liance formation may also strengthen aspects like in-group solidarity and in-group favouritism in comparison to exogenously formed alliances, adverse selection can constitute a major prob-lem when alliances are formed on a voluntary basis. Taking into account that individuals may differ in their intrinsic or extrinsic incentives to expend effort, the theory analysis predicts that such heterogeneity leads to a self-selection of weakly motivated players into alliances while strongly motivated players prefer

to stand alone in an upcoming conflict. The intuitive reason is that strong players bear a disproportionately high share of the cost of alliance effort and therefore prefer to stand alone, while weak players benefit from the free-riding opportuni-ties inside alliances.

The theory prediction is confirmed in the experimental treatments. In particular, the experimental results show that self-selection occurs along heterogeneity in both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Players who have a low monetary and/or non-monetary cost (“strong players”) of expending effort select predominantly into stand-alone contests, while players with a high monetary and/or non-mone-tary effort cost (“weak players”) enter into endogenously formed alliances. While


the self-selection of weak players leads to lower effort in endogenously formed alliances, the evidence found suggests that there is also an effort-stimulating effect if players endogenously form an alliance, which is in line with theories of in-group favouritism and which partially counterbalances the negative effect of self-selection.

An evolutionary explanation for the emer-gence of in-group favoritism is provided by Konrad and Morath (“Evolutionarily stable in-group favoritism and outgroup spite in intergroup conflict”. Journal of Theoretical Biology 2012, 306, 61-67). This work focusses on a framework in which groups fight with each other. They show that the emergence of altruism towards the members of the own group and of spiteful attitudes towards the members of other groups is evolutionar-ily stable. In fact, in-group altruism and out-group spite are substitutes and both

lead to a higher level of fighting effort than in the Nash equilibrium for players who maximise their material payoff. In contrast to previous results, the evolu-tionary foundation for in-group altruism and out-group spite is not based on the observability of preference types with the implied strategic behavioural effects but is derived in a framework with strict private information on individuals’ types.

A related question on evolutionarily sta-ble behaviour in distributional conflict is analysed by Konrad and Morath (“Bar-gaining with incomplete information: Evolutionary stability in finite popula-tions”. Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance Working Paper No. 2014-16). While incomplete information is known to cause resource allocations in bargaining games to be inefficient, this work considers how the outcome of bargaining games with incomplete infor-mation changes if players who bargain pursue evolutionarily stable strategies. Their main model focusses on a take-it-or-leave-it offer bargaining game with a responder who has private information but the analysis is also extended to the case of a privately informed proposer. For evolutionarily stable strategies, the parameter range in which trade takes place turns out to be more limited than for perfect Bayesian equilibrium. The main intuition for this low-trade result is that responders reject offers that would increase their own material payoff but would make them worse off relative to the rest of the population. The same concerns for relative payoff, however, cause the proposer to accommodate to the anticipated responder behaviour

Figure taken from Luisa Herbst, Kai A. Kon-rad, and Florian Morath, “Endogeneous group formation in experimental con-tests”: It symbolises the generic question of alliance formation of players who enter into conflict either as stand-alone players or as an alliance of players.”


and to make a more generous offer. Evolutionary considerations hence make the responder look ‘aggressive’ and the proposer look ‘accommodating’. The overall effect for the probability for trade is negative. The accommodating behav-iour is not sufficient to overcome the pri-mary, efficiency-reducing effect of tough responder behaviour.

By and large, these theory results sug-gest that institutional environments in which concerns for relative payoffs be-come more important can have severe consequences for distributional conflict and efficiency; accordingly, defining and enforcing property rights becomes more valuable in these environments.

Contests between alliances can follow a variety of rules. The most common assumption is that the members of an alliance pool effort, each group making the best out of the resulting budgets, like military alliances may do. But as ana-lysed by Qiang Fu, Jingfeng Lu, and Yue Pan in their recent work entitled “Team contests with multiple pairwise battles” (forthcoming in American Economic Re-view), a different structure may apply: the members of two rival alliances may compete on a one-by-one basis in com-ponent contests with their individual counterpart, and victory may be a func-tion of the number of victories in such component contests. In a paper titled “’Success breeds success’ or ‘Pride goes before a fall’? Teams and individuals in multi-battle contests” (under invited re-vision and resubmission to Games and Economic Behavior), Qiang Fu, Changxia Ke, and Fangfang Tan offer the first

empirical evidence from a controlled laboratory experiment on the impact of progress feedback in such group contests with one-by-one component contests. Their findings suggest that the impact of progress feedback also depends on the contest structure. The same feed-back mechanism could affect a player’s performance and incentives differently according to whether the production is team-based or individual-based.

Some further work in this area was described in the activity report for the previous period, but has been finalised and published in the current activity period. Kai A. Konrad and Dan Kovenock analyse contestants who can self-select themselves into one of a set of different tournaments or contests. They study the problem of coordination of players as regards the self-selection into tourna-ments. The problem has a large number of equilibria with very different welfare properties. Outcomes and equilibrium payoffs strongly depend on whether players can coordinate or not. Their pa-per “The lifeboat problem”, published in the European Economic Review (2012, 56(3), 552-559), provides a characterisa-tion of how and when certain classes of uncoordinated equilibrium yield supe-rior outcomes for the contestants than classes of coordinated equilibrium. A further paper by Kai A. Konrad entitled “Information alliances in contests with budget limits” in Public Choice (2012, 151(3-4), 679-693) studies the role of information exchange for whether an alliance is formed. We reported about this work in more detail in the previous activity report. Information transmission


is easier and more likely to occur inside an alliance than between non-allied players or across different alliances. Members of the same alliance may learn about the strengths and weaknesses of other members of the same alliance. There are many reasons why this im-proved knowledge could be mutually useful, even if the members of such an alliance do not pool resources or fight jointly. The paper studies one particular type of information: the fighting power of the co-members of the alliance. It is shown that transfer of this information is a powerful reason for why an alliance may be formed. Finally, work by Kai A. Konrad and Stergios Skaperdas which we also described in more detail previously, entitled “The market for protection and the origin of the state”, was published in Economic Theory (2012 (50(2), 417-443).

2. Electoral Competition

Motivated by the developments and repercussions of the “Arab spring”, May Elsayyad and Shima’a Hanafy (Philipps-University Marburg) studied the early elections after the revolution in Egypt. Their paper entitled “Voting Islamist or voting secular? An empirical analysis of voting outcomes in Egypt’s ‘Arab spring’” (Public Choice, 2014, 160(1-2), 109-130) empirically analyses the voting outcomes of the first parliamentary elections in post-revolution Egypt along one particu-lar dimension: the secular versus Islam-ist spectrum. With the central theme of the elections focussing on the drafting of the new constitution, both old and new parties positioned themselves along the

secular-Islamist dimension in an attempt to shape Egypt’s future political identity.

Using a unique dataset of voting out-comes from the country’s 2011–2012 parliamentary elections at the constitu-ency level and the most recent popula-tion and housing census data, their cross-sectional analysis identifies two dimen-sions that affected voting outcomes: the socioeconomic profile of a constituency and the institutional framework of the voting procedure. Specifically, the analy-sis shows that education seems to be a strong and robust predictor of secular or Islamist voting. A larger share of uni-versity graduates in a constituency is sig-nificantly correlated with a larger share of secular voting and a smaller share of Islamist voting. Furthermore, illiteracy has a significant positive correlation with the share of voting for Islamist parties. A particularly important result of this analysis pertains to the effect of poverty on voting outcomes. Interestingly, when controlling for education levels, higher poverty levels do not correspond to larger shares of voting for Islamist parties. In fact, more poverty is associated with fewer

May Elsayyad


votes for Islamist parties. This is particularly surprising given the strong social outreach character of Islamist groups.

This analysis further confirms the notion that the sequential voting framework and the timing of elections affect voting out-comes. In fact, voters showed significant-ly less support for the winning Islamist parties in the last stage of the vote. Thus, this research finds no evidence of a band-wagon effect. This finding supports the argument that voters in the later stages opted to vote strategically so as to ensure diversity in the elected parliament.

Erik Hornung considers empirically the Political Economy of Parliamentary Vot-ing in Prussia. A major step towards redistribution was undertaken with the introduction of the Prussian parliament after the German Revolution of 1848. The established voting rights were however far from equal; the particular three-class franchise system in Prussia disadvan-taged median voters and led to an over-representation of the upper and middle classes. A project by Erik Hornung and Sascha Becker (University of Warwick) analyses the outcome of voting by roll call by members of the Prussian House of Representatives (MP). The project is not completed. Hypotheses that emerge and preliminary findings can be described as follows.

It is likely that due to the particularity of the three-class franchise system, the MPs’ interest was more aligned with the upper class of their constituency than with the interest of the median voter. Consequently, roll call voting of MPs

might be supportive of elite interest and preventive of redistributive reforms. Combining new data on individual-level votes from parliamentary minutes with biographical information of representa-tives and constituency-level information, the project team predicts the voting behaviour of delegates during a range of historically important ballots in the Prus-sian Parliament during the period 1867 to 1908. Their estimates analyse the driving forces of the Prussian political economy during a period of fundamental changes from agriculture to capitalism, from liberalism to protectionism, from an ecclesiastical to a secularised econ-omy, and from poll taxation to income taxation. Preliminary findings suggest that delegates often vote in their own self-interest and disregard the median voters in their constituency.

3. intergovernmental bargaining

Alongside more resource-wasteful con-flict or electoral competition, political bargaining between parties is another important element of political decision making that aims to resolve distribu-tional conflict. A joint research project of Thomas R. Cusack at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center and Kai A. Konrad analyses how the formation of groups of political players and the unanimity of decision making may affect bargaining outcomes. Such groups may be formed inside a country, but the prototypical example for these groups is intergov-ernmental arrangements such as the European Union. The researchers ask: What is the strategic role of the forma-


tion of an intergovernmental group with unanimity requirements if the members of this group negotiate with an outside player in a setting with incomplete infor-mation? The finding is that the forma-tion of this group with veto players has two main effects. First, the formation of a joint decision mechanism in which each member of the group has veto power typically shifts bargaining power towards the members of this group. The key mechanism that benefits the group is a strategic effect of the unanimity re-quirement as regards the behaviour of the outside player. The veto power that each member of the group has as regards a possible negotiation outcome tends to reduce the ex-ante probability of bar-gaining success. This makes the outside player less demanding in the negotia-tions and makes him willing to settle for less. Second, the unanimity requirement causes the group to reject possible ne-gotiation outcomes unless all players are satisfied with the outcome. This is a potential source of inefficiency. The ex-pected overall efficiency of the negotia-tion outcome tends to be lower than in the case of separate, bilateral bargaining. The unanimity requirement implies that partial bargaining success, in which one of the group members likes the deal very much but the other group member does not, is prevented: deals made by the out-side player with only one members of the intergovernmental group cannot emerge, even if such a deal would be highly ben-eficial to both of them. The size and im-portance of the efficiency loss depends on the internal governance structure of the group, and the efficiency loss can be moderated if side payments can be ar-

ranged inside the group. The aspect of incomplete information evidently plays a major role here. Incomplete informa-tion is the source of potential inefficiency, where an agreement is not reached even though it would be mutually beneficial. Under complete information this could, of course, not happen and the negotiation outcome would be efficient in any case in the environment we study as the Coase theorem would apply. The project goes further and studies more precisely the role of preference alignment and prefer-ence independence among the members of the intergovernmental group and the role of side payments. The conclusion is that the joint distribution from which the specific preferences of the members in-side the group are randomly chosen mat-ters. For a wide parameter range for this joint distribution, small coalition groups with unanimity requirements tend to achieve better outcomes for its members, compared to fully decentralised, bilateral negotiations.

The main results from this project are published as “Hanging together or hanged separately: The strategic power of coalitions where bargaining occurs with incomplete information” (Journal of Con-flict Resolution, 2014, 58(5), 920-940).

4. Property Rights Allocation and its Effects on Growth and Development

The allocation of property rights and decision rights is known to be essential for economic outcomes as well as for de-velopment and economic growth. One of


Figure taken from the work of Erik Hor-nung et al.: Share of serfs emancipated from labour services in 1848.

the most important historical changes in property rights was the abolition of serf-dom. The abolition of serfdom assigned the property rights to labour for a large fraction of the population in Germany at the beginning of the 19th century. Formerly coerced peasants were now able to reap the benefits of their own labour and investments. A range of pro-jects undertaken at the MPI empirically analyse which circumstances led to the introduction of such changes and what consequences derive from this change in the property rights regime.

Cooperating with a range of international researchers, Erik Hornung (and Quamrul Ashraf, Williams College; Francesco Cin-nirella, ifo-Institute; Oded Galor, Brown University; Boris Gershman, American University) analyse the abolition of serf-dom theoretically as well as empirically. They argue that the abolition of serfdom occurs as a strategic decision of the elite to increase their income. Under serfdom, the return to labour is effectively un-protected for a large part of the popula-tion. Since the political power is entirely owned by the economic elite, they are able to choose the amount of labour co-ercion that they want to extract from the serfs. The model predicts that there exists a capital-labour ratio where it becomes beneficial for the owners of physical capi-tal to increase the share of human capital in the production process. However, due to the lack in incentives to invest, the supply of human capital from the serfs is insufficient. This means, the elite need to change the incentives for investment in human capital. The elite chose to either continue expropriation or to abolish the

coercion of serf-labour and guarantee the protection of property rights. The model suggests that this change happens when a certain capital-labour ratio is reached. This is the point where the elite’s income from abolishing serfdom exceeds their income from coercion.

Using unique new data on the redemp-tion of coerced labour services from 19th century Prussia, the project team found empirical evidence supporting the pre-dictions of the theoretical model: Eman-cipation from serfdom occurs earlier in regions with an initially larger stock of physical capital. Furthermore, they evi-dence – consistent with the hypothesis – that regions where coercion was ended comparatively early thus introducing effective property rights, subsequently exhibit a higher level of mass education.

These findings find further support in a second project by Erik Hornung and


Francesco Cinnirella (ifo-Institute). Ac-cording to the literature, elites generally oppose redistribution using their politi-cal power to i.e. block the extension of voting rights or the expansion of school financing for mass education. In a re-cent article, the researchers propose an alternative mechanism based on the labour relations between the elite and the masses. Due to the prevailing institu-tions of serfdom, the nobility exercised a direct authority over the local popula-tion by performing the functions of polic-ing and jurisdiction as well as patronage over churches and schools. Their unique position of power allowed the nobility to directly interfere with the education decisions of the peasantry. Using a large panel dataset including unique data on land distribution and school enrollment rates spanning the entire 19th century, Cinnirella and Hornung analyse the rela-tionship between feudal power as meas-ure by landownership concentration and peasants’ investments in education. They show that a large regional concentration of noble landowners is associated with lower enrollment rates in mass primary schooling. Furthermore, findings suggest that due to the introduction of agricul-tural reforms that eroded the authority of noble landowners, peasants gradually emancipated from labour coercion and increasingly enrolled in primary schools. Throughout the 19th century, the nega-tive effect of the nobility on education decreases. Further findings indicate that the nobility did not limit the provision of public schooling by restricting the supply of teachers and schools. This supports the hypothesis that the nobility restrict-ed the demand for schooling through the

coercion of labour services that prevailed even after serfdom was formally ended.

A second aspect of public investment in human capital is the provision of health care. The introduction of compulsory health insurance, advocated by the chancellor of the German Reich Otto von Bismarck and the Parliament as part of the so-called Bismarck reforms was an important step towards social protection and redistribution. The recent introduc-tion of the Affordable Care Act (“Obama-care”) in the U.S. is an important example for the ongoing debate regarding conse-quences of mandatory health insurance for the economy. Erik Hornung, Anastasia Driva (LMU Munich), and Stefan Bauern-schuster (University of Passau) analyse the first-ever occurrence of compulsory health insurance that took place in 19th century Germany. The project analyses the causal link between the provision of compulsory health insurance and mor-tality in Prussia, the largest of the Ger-man states. The empirical strategy rests on the fact that the compulsory nature of the health insurance only applied to industrial workers. This allows us to de-fine a clear treatment group (the indus-trial workers) and a clear control group (the agricultural workers). Preliminary findings suggest that a relative increase of the insured is associated with a strong decrease in mortality, even after control-ling for a range of indicators for overall industrialisation, development, income and changes in sanitation and pollution.

Next to the provision of public goods in the form of schooling and health care, public infrastructure is an important as-


pect of development. Investments in pub-lic transport infrastructure, in particular, are a matter of debate whenever govern-ments are in need to boost the economy during downturns in the business cycle. The study “Railroads and growth in Prus-sia” by Erik Hornung that was accepted for publication in the Journal of the Eu-ropean Economic Association sheds light on the relationship between investment in railroad infrastructure and subsequent growth. Cities that gained railroad access in the early phase of railroad-network expansion in Prussia subsequently grew an additional 1.7 percentage points fast-er than their unconnected neighbours. One of the main challenges in the as-sessment of the benefits from investing in transport infrastructure is separating the part of growth that is induced by the infrastructure itself, from growth that would have occurred anyway due to fundamental characteristics of cities that gained access. The author combines data on the expansion of the railroad network derived from geoinformation systems with historical data on the expansion of roughly 1,000 cities in terms of popula-tion growth and industrial growth. The use of geoinformation allows us to es-tablish a quasi-random assignment of railroad access to quantify the causal ef-fect of railroad access on urban popula-tion growth. Cities located on a straight line between two major cities were more likely to gain access to the railroad than cities that deviated from the straight line but were otherwise similar. Fortunately, highly detailed census data allow a com-parison only among those cities that were similar in their size and economic development prior to the coming of the

railroad and thus only differed regarding their initial access to the railroad. The subsequent additional growth of these cities can hence be attributed to invest-ment in public transport infrastructure.

VI Perspectives for the Future

Most of the research lines of this report-ing period are very active at the end of the period and stretch into the next re-porting period. These include, in particu-lar, the theory and experimental work on

For his work, Erik Hornung, along with a group of researchers, digitised and organised data that the Royal Prussi-an Statistical Office collected over the period 1816–1901. He digitised around 1 million of the historical material’s data fields. First, the original sources were photographed and then the data was transferred manually into spread-sheets. The result is a huge archive, the Ifo Prussian Economic History Database (iPEHD). Picture: Royal Statistical Bu-reau (1873), Volume VIII, pp. 234-235.


tax compliance, the work on understand-ing international taxation and tax havens, and the work in the area of political economy of redistributive conflict. Some of the work is at an intermediate stage, where the first research results are docu-mented in the format of a manuscript or a working paper, waiting for the process of publication. This process often re-quires much further work, revisions and additional treatments in experiments. We look forward to report about the re-sults in three years from now.

Staff Retreat, July 2012.


i publications

sabine Aresin

Discussion Papers

Aresin, Sabine.2013.“Crossborderabate-mentanditswelfareeffects.”WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2013-04(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2307821).

Johannes Becker

JournalArticles

Becker, JohannesandMarcoRunkel.2012.“Evensmalltradecostsrestoreefficiencyintaxcompetition”.Journal of Urban Econo-mics, 72(2-3),191-195.

Becker, Johannes,MayElsayyad,andClemensFuest.2012.“DieAuswirkungderGlobalisierungaufdieStrukturderBesteue-rung”.Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, 13(1-2),4-18.

Becker, Johannes.2013.“Taxationofforeignprofitswithheterogeneousmultinationalfirms”.World Economy,36(1),76-92.

Becker, JohannesandNadineRiedel.2013.“Multinationalfirmsmitigatetaxcompeti-tion”.Economics Letters,118(2),404-406.

Becker, JohannesandMarcoRunkel.2013.“Corporatetaxregimeandinternationalallocationofownership”.Regional Science and Urban Economics,43(1),8-15.


Becker, JohannesandNadjaDwenger.2013.“DieBesteuerungvonFremd-undEigenkapitalausökonomischerSicht.”In:Schön,Wolfgang(ed.),Eigenkapital und Fremdkapital. Steuerrecht, Gesellschafts-recht, Rechtsvergleich, Rechtspolitik.Berlin/Heidelberg:Springer,101-124.


Discussion Papers

Bronsert, Anne-Kathrin,AmihaiGlazer,andKaiA.Konrad.2014.“Oldmoney,thenouveauxrichesandBrunhilde’smar-riagestrategy”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-15(http://ssrn.com/ab-stract=2476388)andIZADPNo.8307.

Nadja Dwenger

JournalArticles

Dwenger, NadjaandViktorSteiner.2012.“Profittaxationandtheelasticityofthecorporate income tax base. Evidence from Germancorporatetaxreturndata”.National Tax Journal,65(1),117-150.

Dwenger, Nadja,JohannaStorck,andKatharinaWrohlich.2012.“Dotuitionfeesaffectthemobilityofuniversityapplicants?Evidencefromanaturalexperiment”.Eco-nomics of Education Review,31(1),155-167.

Dwenger, Nadja.2014.“Usercostelasticityofcapitalrevisited”.Economica,81,161-186.

B pUBLicAtioNS, LectUReS, teAcHiNG, AND AwARDs

Department of Public economics188

Dwenger, NadjaandViktorSteiner.2014.“Financialleverageandcorporatetaxation.Evidence from German corporate tax return data”.International Tax and Public Finance, 21(1),1-28(leadarticle).

Braun,Sebastian,Nadja Dwenger, Dorothea Kübler,andAlexanderWestkamp.2014.“Implementingquotasinuniversityadmis-sions:Anexperimentalanalysis”.Games and Economic Behavior,85,232-251.

Schön,Wolfgang,Nadja Dwenger,etal.2014.“Debtandequityindomesticandinternationaltaxlaw.Acomparativepolicyanalysis”.British Tax Review,2(2),146-217.


Becker,JohannesandNadja Dwenger.2013.“DieBesteuerungvonFremd-undEigen-kapitalausökonomischerSicht”.In:Schön,Wolfgang(ed.),Eigenkapital und Fremdkapi-tal. Steuerrecht, Gesellschaftsrecht, Rechts-vergleich, Rechtspolitik.Berlin/Heidelberg:Springer,101-124.

Discussion Papers

Dwenger, Nadja,DorotheaKübler,andGeorgWeizsäcker.2012.“Preferenceforrandomization:empiricalandexperimentalevidence”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-14(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2192422).

Boyer,Pierre,Nadja Dwenger, and Johannes Rincke.2014.“Dotaxescrowdoutintrinsicmotivation?Field-experimentalevidencefromGermany”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-23(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2540539).

may elsayyad

Books

elsayyad, May.2012.Fightingtaxhavensandclimatechange.Dissertation,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Depart-

mentofEconomics(http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15031/).

JournalArticles

elsayyad, MayandKaiA.Konrad.2012.“Fightingmultipletaxhavens”.Journal of International Economics,86(2),295-305.

Becker,Johannes,may elsayyad, and ClemensFuest.2012.“DieAuswirkungderGlobalisierungaufdieStrukturderBesteue-rung”.Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, 13(1-2),4-18.

elsayyad, MayandShima’aHanafy.2014.“VotingIslamistorvotingsecular?Anempiricalanalysisofvotingoutcomesin‘ArabSpring’Egypt”.Public Choice,160(1-2),109-130.


elsayyad, May.2013.“Steueroasen:WieüberdenAustauschvonInformationenverhandeltwird/Bargainingovertaxinformationexchange”.2013 Yearbook of the Max Planck Society(ResearchReport,http://www.mpg.de/6754116/JB_20131?c=7291695).

Discussion Papers

elsayyad, May.2012.“Bargainingovertaxinformationexchange”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-02(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2012593).

elsayyad, MayandFlorianMorath.2012.“Technologytransfersforclimatechange”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-09(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2166205)andCESifoWorkingPaperNo.4521.

Gerritsen, Aart

Books

Gerritsen, Aart.2014.Essaysinoptimalgovernmentpolicy.DoctoralThesis577

DePARtment of PuBLiC eConomiCs


oftheTinbergenInstituteResearchSeries(http://repub.eur.nl/pub/76077).

Discussion Papers

Gerritsen, Aart.2014.“Equityandefficiencyinrationedlabormarkets”.Mimeo.

Gerritsen, Aart.2014.“Optimaltaxationwhenpeopledonotmaximizewell-being”.Mimeo.

Gerritsen, AartandBasJacobs.2014.“Isaminimumwageanappropriateinstru-mentforredistribution?”.CESifoWorkingPaperNo.4588(http://ssrn.com/ab-stract=2393889).

Gerritsen, AartandBasJacobs.2014.“Dewelvaartsgevolgenvaneenlagerminimum-loon”.ADutchaddendumontheNether-landsforCESifoWP4588.Mimeo.

Gerritsen, AartandBasJacobs.2014.“Minimumwagesandtaxationincompeti-tivelabormarketswithendogenousskillformation”.Mimeo(http://people.few.eur.nl/bjacobs/minwage1.pdf).

Gerritsen, Aart,BasJacobs,AlexandraRusu,andKevinSpiritus.2014.“Optimalcapitaltaxationwhenpeoplefacedifferentratesofreturn”.Mimeo.

PressArticles

Gerritsen, Aart.2014.“Werkvoorbijstand,beleidsevaluatieenwelvaartstheorie”.ESB blog,3January.

Gerritsen, AartandBasJacobs.2014.“Datminimumloonkanbestwatlager”.NRC Handelsblad,21February.

Gerritsen, Aart.2014.“Gratisgeldbestaatniet”.ESB blog,5March.

Gerritsen, AartandBasJacobs.2014.“Ar-mengeholpenmetlastenverlichtingénlagerminimumloon”.MeJudice,18March.

Interviews

Gerritsen, Aart.2014.RadiointerviewatBNR Nieuwsradio,19February.

Luisa herbst

ForthcomingJournalArticles

Herbst, Luisa,KaiA.Konrad,andFlorianMorath.2012.“Endogenousgroupforma-tioninexperimentalcontests”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-10(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2166206).2015.Euro-pean Economic Review,74,163–189.

Discussion Papers

Herbst, Luisa,FlorianMorath,andKaiA.Konrad.2014.“Balanceofpowerandthepropensityofconflict”.MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceWorkingPaper2014-13(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2471532).

michael hilmer

Discussion Papers

Hilmer, Michael.2013.“Fiscaltreatmentofmanagerialcompensation–awelfareanalysis”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2013-02(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2277461).

Hilmer, Michael.2014“Bailouts,bonusesandbankers’short-termism”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-17(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2506518).

Hilmer, Michael.2014“Toomanytofail–Howbonustaxationpreventsgamblingforbailouts”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-18(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2506526).

erik Hornung

JournalArticles

Hornung, erik,2014.“Immigrationandthediffusionoftechnology:theHuguenotdias-


porainPrussia”.American Economic Review, 104(1),84-122.

Becker,Sascha,FrancescoCinnirella,erik Hornung,andLudgerWößmann.2014.“iPEHD–TheifoPrussianEconomicHistoryDatabase”.Historical Methods,47(2),57-66.


Hornung, erik.2014.“RailroadsandgrowthinPrussia”(http://ssrn.com/ab-stract=2399352).Journal of the European Economic Association,forthcoming.

Discussion Papers

Cinnirella,Francescoanderik Hornung. 2013.“Landownershipconcentrationandtheexpansionofeducation”.CEPRDiscus-sionPaperNo.DP9730(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2353887)andCAGEOnlineWork-ingPaperSeriesNo.175.

changxia Ke

JournalArticles

Ke, changxia,KaiA.Konrad,andFlorianMorath.2013.“Brothersinarms–anexperimentonthealliancepuzzle”.Games and Economic Behavior,77(1),61-76.


Ke, changxia,KaiA.Konrad,andFlorianMorath.2012.“Alliancesintheshadowofconflict”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-03(http://ssrn.com/ab-stract=2029085)andCESifoWorkingPaperSeriesNo.4056.2015.Economic Inquiry, 53(2),854-871.

Kai A. Konrad

Books

Konrad, Kai A.andHolgerZschäpitz.2012.SchuldenohneSühne?WasEuropasKrise

unsBürgerkostet.Third,completelyrevisedandexpandededition.München:dtv.Firstedition:2010.SchuldenohneSühne?WarumderAbsturzderStaatsfinanzenunsalletrifft.München:VerlagC.H.Beck.

Konrad, Kai A.,RonnieSchöb,MarcelThum,andAlfonsWeichenrieder(eds.).2013.DieZukunftderWohlfahrtsgesellschaft.Fest-schriftfürHans-WernerSinn.Frankfurta.M.: Campus.

JournalArticles

Konrad, Kai A.2012.“Dynamiccontestsandthediscouragementeffect”.Revue d’Economie Politique,122(2),233-256.

Konrad, Kai A.2012.“Informationalliancesincontestswithbudgetlimits”.Public Choice,151(3-4),679-693.

Konrad, Kai A.andDanKovenock.2012.“Thelifeboatproblem”.European Economic Review,56(3),552-559.

Konrad, Kai A.andDanKovenock.2012.“Introduction–symposiumonadvancesinthetheoryofcontestsanditsapplications”,Economic Theory,51(2),241-245.

Konrad, Kai A.andFlorianMorath.2012.“Evolutionarilystablein-groupfavoritismandout-groupspiteinintergroupconflict”.Journal of Theoretical Biology,306,61-67.

Konrad, Kai A.andSalmaiQari.2012.“Thelastrefugeofascoundrel?Patriotismandtaxcompliance”.Economica,79(315),516-533.

Konrad, Kai A.andStergiosSkaperdas.2012.“Themarketforprotectionandtheoriginofthestate”.Economic Theory,50(2),417-443.

Elsayyad,MayandKai A. Konrad.2012.“Fightingmultipletaxhavens”.Journal of International Economics,86(2),295-305.

Qari,Salmai,Kai A. Konrad,andBennyGeys.2012.“Patriotism,taxationandinter-nationalmobility”.Public Choice,151(3-4),695-717.


Ke,Changxia,Kai A. Konrad,andFlorianMorath.2013.“Brothersinarms–anexperimentonthealliancepuzzle”.Games and Economic Behavior,77(1),61-76.

Konrad, Kai A.2014.“Searchduplicationinresearchanddesignspaces–exploringtheroleoflocalcompetition”.International Journal of Industrial Organization,37,222-228.

Konrad, Kai A.andThomasR.Cusack.2014.“Hangingtogetherorbeinghungseparately:thestrategicpowerofcoalitionswherebargainingoccurswithincompleteinforma-tion”.Journal of Conflict Resolution58(5),920-940.

Konrad, Kai A.,TimLohse,andSalmaiQari.2014.“Deceptionchoiceandself-selection–theimportanceofbeingearnest”.Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,107,25-39.

Konrad, Kai A.,FlorianMorath,andWielandMüller.2014.“Taxationandmarketpower”.Canadian Journal of Economics,47(1),173-202.

Konrad, Kai A.andMarcelP.Thum.2014.“Theroleofeconomicpolicyinclimatechangeadaption”.CESifo Economic Stud-ies,60(1),32-61.Blogpostonthearticle:Whatistheroleofgovernmentsinclimatechangeadaptation?(withMarcelP.Thum),OxfordUniversityPress‘sblog(http://blog.oup.com/2014/07/government-adaptation-climate-change/),23.07.2014.

Konrad, Kai A.andMarcelP.Thum.2014.“Climatepolicynegotiationswithincom-pleteinformation”.Economica,81(322),244-256.


Herbst, Kai A. Konrad,andFlorianMorath.2012.“Endogenousgroupformationinex-perimentalcontests”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-10(http://ssrn.com/ab-stract=2166206).2015.European Economic Review,74,163–189.

Ke,Changxia, Kai A. Konrad,andFlorianMorath.2012.“Alliancesintheshadowofconflict”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance2012-03(http://ssrn.com/ab-stract=2029085)andandCESifoWorkingPaperSeriesNo.4056.2015.Economic Inquiry,53(2),854-871.

Konrad, Kai A.andFlorianMorath.2012.“Evolutionarydeterminantsofwar”.Work-ingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-12(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2187218).Defence and Peace Economics,forthcoming.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“Affection,speeddat-ingandheartbreaking”.WZBDiscussionPaperSPII2013-309(bibliothek.wzb.eu/pdf/2013/ii13-309.pdf).Journal of Popula-tion Economics,forthcoming.


Werding,MartinandKai A. Konrad.2012.“ReformingtheEuropeanwelfarestate”.In:Buettner,Thiess,andWolfgangOchel(eds.),The Continuing Evolution of Europe.CESifoSummerSeries.Cambridge,MA/London:MITPress,71-118.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“DieRollevonnati- onalerIdentitätfürdieöffentlicheWirt-schaft”.In:Konrad,KaiA.,RonnieSchöb,MarcelThum,andAlfonsWeichenrieder(eds.),Die Zukunft der Wohlfahrtsgesells-chaft. Festschrift für Hans-Werner Sinn. Frankfurta.M.:Campus,217-231.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“HaushaltsdisziplininDeutschlandunterderPerspektivedesBremen-Syndroms”.In:Heintzen,Markus(ed.),Auf dem Weg zu nachhaltig ausgeglichenen öffentlichen Haushalten. Baden-Baden:Nomos,45-57.Publishedalsoin:2014.Gesmann-Nuiss,Dagmar,RonaldHartz,andMarkusDittrich(eds.),Perspek-tiven der Wirtschaftswissenschaften. Wies-baden:SpringerGablerVerlag,109-122.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“UrsachenderSchuldenkriseundKonzeptezuihrerBewältigung”.In:Yavaşlar,FundaBaşaran(ed.),Finanzkrise in der Europäischen Union


und ihre Einflüsse auf die Türkei(AvrupaBirliğindeMaliKrizveTürkiye’yeEtkileri).Ankara:Seçkin,65-74.

Keen,MichaelandKai A. Konrad.2013.“Thetheoryofinternationaltaxcompetitionandcoordination”.In:Auerbach,AlanJ.,RajChetty,MartinFeldstein,andEmmanuelSaez(eds.),Handbook of Public Economics. Amsterdam/Oxford:Elsevier,257-328.

Konrad, Kai A.2014.“Strategicaspectsoffightinginalliances”.In:Wärneryd,Karl(ed.),The Economics of Conflict.Cambridge/London:TheMITPress,1-22.

PolicyPapersandReports

Konrad, Kai A.2012.“DenEuroretten,Europapreisgeben?”.Der Hauptstadtbrief – Informations- und Hintergrund-Dienst aus Berlin,14(108),9-12.

Konrad, Kai A. 2012.“KommentarzumVortragvonJoachimWeimann:Wiesinn-vollistderklimapolitischeAlleingangDeutschlands?”.ifo Schnelldienst,65(12),40-41.Publishedalsoas:2012.“ZumdeutschenSonderweginderKlimapolitik:ErgänzendeBetrachtungen”.In:Rund-gespräche der Kommission für Ökologie, Die Zukunft der Energieversorgung, 41,165-168.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“DerStaatentschuldetsich,derSparerzahltdieZeche”.Der Haupt-stadtbrief,(15)113,7-11.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“HaftungsrisikenundFehlanreizeausESMundOMT-Programm”.Wirtschaftsdienst,93(7),431-439.Revisedversion of the expert report commissioned bytheGermanConstitutionalCourt.June2013.“StellungnahmegegenüberdemBundesverfassungsgerichtzudenVerfahrenmitdenAz.2BvR1390/12,2BvR1421/12,2BvR1438/12,2BvR1439/12,2BvR1440/12,2BvR1824/12,2Bve6/12”.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“SteuerfluchtundSteueroasen–LässtsichderKampfgegendieSteueroasengewinnen?”.Wirtschaftsdi-enst,93(6),359-362.

Konrad, Kai A.andHolgerZschäpitz.2013.“ThefutureoftheEurozone”.In:Flick,

CorinneMichaela(ed.),Can’t pay, won’t pay? Sovereign debt and the challenge of growth in Europe,ConvocoEdition,93-106.FirstpublishedinGerman,Frankfurta.Main:ConvocoEdition,2010.

Konrad, Kai A.2014.“WerhatAngstvormbösenWort?”.Der Hauptstadtbrief – Infor-mations- und Hintergrund-Dienst aus Berlin, 16(120),30-32.

Konrad, Kai A.2014.“DerTraumeinesFinanzministersistdieEntschuldungimSchlaf”.Der Hauptstadtbrief – Informations- und Hintergrund-Dienst aus Berlin,16(122),28-31.

Konrad, Kai A.2014.“Balancingausterityandstrategiesforgrowth”.CFA Institute Conference Proceedings Quarterly. Second Quarter,1-8.

Konrad, Kai A.2014.“‘Lackmustest’zurSta-bilitätsunion”.Wirtschaftsdienst,94(3),154.

Konrad, Kai A.,ThiessBüttner,andJörgRocholl.2014.“PrivilegiendesStaatesaufdemPrüfstand”.Wirtschaftsdienst,94(8),560-563.

Konrad, Kai A.,andRonnieSchöb.2014.“FrackinginDeutschland–eineOptionfürdieZukunft!”.Wirtschaftsdienst,94(9),645-654.Furtherpublication:Ökonomenstimme, 10October.

Konrad, Kai A.,2014.“GefährlicheWetten”.In:Flick,CorinneMichaela(ed.),Rechnen mit dem Scheitern: Strategien in ungewissen Zeiten.Göttingen,ConvocoEdition,115-122.Englishversion:Konrad,KaiA.,2014.“Dan-gerouswagers”.In:Flick,CorinneMichaela(ed.),Dealing with Downturns: Strategies in Uncertain Times,123-133.

Expertise

CounciloftheScientificAdvisorstotheMinistryofFinance.March2012.Expertise“DieBegünstigungdesUnternehmensver-mögensinderErbschaftsteuer”(http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Standardartikel/Ministerium/Ge-schaeftsbereich/Wissenschaftlicher_Beirat/Gutachten_und_Stellungnahmen/Aus-


gewaehlte_Texte/02-03-2012-ErbSt-anl.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4).

CounciloftheScientificAdvisorstotheMinistryofFinance.March2012.Expertise“FiskalpolitischeInstitutioneninderEuro-zone”(http://www.bundesfinanzministe-rium.de/Content/DE/Standardartikel/Minis-terium/Geschaeftsbereich/Wissenschaftlich-er_Beirat/Gutachten_und_Stellungnahmen/Ausgewaehlte_Texte/02-03-2012-Eurozone-Anlage.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5).

CounciloftheScientificAdvisorstotheMinistryofFinance.November2012.Expertise“EinHaushaltfürEuropa–Stel-lungnahmezummehrjährigenFinanzrah-menderEU2014-2020”(http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Standardartikel/Themen/Europa/EU_auf_einen_Blick/EU_Haushalt/2012-11-23-Stellungnahme-Finanzrahmen-EU.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1).

Project“AnpassungsstrategieninderKlimapolitik”.September2012.Expertise“AnpassungsstrategieninderKlimapolitik”.acatech Position.Heidelbergu.a.:Springer-Verlag(http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Publikationen/Stellung-nahmen/acatech_POSITION_Klimawan-del_WEB.pdf).

CounciloftheScientificAdvisorstotheMinistryofFinance.January2013.Expertise“FinanzpolitischeHerausforderungendesdemografischenWandelsimföderativenSystem”(http://www.bundesfinanzmin-isterium.de/Content/DE/Downloads/Broschueren_Bestellservice/2013-06-28-finanzpolitische-herausforder-ungen-demografischer-wandel-anlage.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5).

CounciloftheScientificAdvisorstotheMinistryofFinance.February2013.Expertise“BesteuerungvonVermögen.EinefinanzwissenschaftlicheAnalyse”(http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Downloads/Broschueren_Bestellservice/2013-07-01-vermoegensteu-er-anlage.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5).

CounciloftheScientificAdvisorstotheMinistryofFinance.January2014.Expertise“StellungnahmezuraktuellenEntwicklungderEuropäischenBankenunion”(http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Downloads/Broschueren_Bestellservice/2014-04-10-stellungnahme-europaeische-bankenunion-anlage.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=10).

CounciloftheScientificAdvisorstotheMinistryofFinance.February2014.Exper-tise„DerStaatalsprivilegierterSchuldner–AnsatzpunktefüreineNeuordnungderöffentlichenVerschuldunginderEuropäis-chenWährungsunion”(http://www.bundes-finanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Down-loads/Broschueren_Bestellservice/2014-04-10-gutachten-staat-als-schuldner-anlage.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5).

CounciloftheScientificAdvisorstotheMinistryofFinance.March2014.Expertise“Öffentlich-rechtlicheMedien–AufgabeundFinanzierung”(http://www.bundes-finanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Down-loads/Broschueren_Bestellservice/2014-12-15-gutachten-medien.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=9).

CounciloftheScientificAdvisorstotheMinistryofFinance.November2014.Letter“ExpertiseKeineRückkehrzurSchulden-politikderVergangenheit!ZurDebatteüberInvestitionenundStaatsverschuldunginDeutschland”(http://www.bundesfinan-zministerium.de/Content/DE/Downloads/Abt_2/2014-11-25-Gutachten-Beirat.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1).

PressArticles

Konrad, Kai A.2012.“KarlsruherRichterkönnendenSpielraumerweitern”.Die Welt, 10July.

Konrad, Kai A.2012.“DieIllusionenderKli-mapolitik”.Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 17December.

Konrad, Kai A.andRonnieSchöb.2014.“Fracking?Spätervielleicht”.Die Zeit,23December.


Interviews

Konrad, Kai A.2012.“EuropaundderEurosindzweivölligunterschiedlicheDinge”.Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium, 1(41).

Konrad, Kai A.2012.“DeichestattWin-dräder”.Der Spiegel,3December.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“Auch60ProzentSchuldensindzuviel”.Welt am Sonntag, 21 April.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“Europaschwerbe-schädigt”.Focus Money,30April.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“Wenn,dannmussDeutschlandraus”.Die Welt,17August.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“AlsZahlmeisteristDeutschlandzukleinundnichtwohlhabendgenug”.feine adressen, 1 December.

Konrad, Kai A.2013.“NachgefragtbeiKaiKonrad:WennSpeed-DaterHerzenbrech-en”.WZB Mitteilungen, December.

Konrad, Kai A.2014.“DeutschlandziehtdenEurohoch”.Finanz und Wirtschaft,26February.

Konrad, Kai A.2014.“Leprojeteuropéendoitêtresauvé,pasforcémentl’euro“/DaseuropäischeProjektmussgerettetwerden,nichtnotwendigerweisederEuro”.L’Expansion,February.

Konrad, Kai A.2014.“WieverändertsichdiedeutschePolitik,wenndieKonjunkturwiederstottert?“.NZZPodiuminBerlin.Neue Zürcher Zeitung online,October.

Discussion Papers

Konrad, Kai A.andMichaelKeen.2012.“Thetheoryofinternationaltaxcompetitionandcoordination”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-06(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2111895).

Konrad, Kai A.andMarcelThum.2012.“Theroleofeconomicpolicyinclimatechangeadaptation”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublic

FinanceNo.2012-08(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2158578),CESifoWorkingPaperSeriesNo.3959andEIBWorkingPapers2012/02.

Konrad, Kai A.,TimLohse,andSalmaiQari.2012.“Customscomplianceandthepowerofimagination”.CESifoWorkingPaperSeriesNo.3702(http://ssrn.com/abstractid=1990188).

Konrad, Kai A.,TimLohse,andSalmaiQari.2013.“Dubiousversustrustworthyfaces–whatdifferencedoesitmakefortaxcompliance?”.CESifoWorkingPaperSeriesNo.4373(http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=2319853).

Konrad, Kai A.,andAdalbertWinkler.2014.“Pro&Contra:OMT-UrteildesBundes-verfassungsberichts”.MunichReprintsinEconomics(http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/lmumuenar/22063.htm).

Buchholz,WolfgangandKai A. Konrad. 2014.“Taxesonriskyreturns–Anupdate”.MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceWorkingPaperNo.2014-10(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2469268).

Herbst,Luisa,FlorianMorath,andKai A. Konrad.2014.“Balanceofpowerandthepropensityofconflict”.MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceWorkingPaper2014-13(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2471532).

Boyer,PierreandKai A. Konrad.2014.“Tar-getedcampaigncompetition,loyalvoters,andsupermajorities”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-14(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2474987).

Bronsert,Anne-Kathrin,AmihaiGlazer,and Kai A. Konrad.2014.“Oldmoney,thenouveauxrichesandBrunhilde’smar-riagestrategy”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-15(http://ssrn.com/ab-stract=2476388)andIZADPNo.8307.

Konrad, Kai A.andFlorianMorath.2014.“Bargainingwithincompleteinformation:evolutionarystabilityinfinitepopulations”.


WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-16(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2490351).

Konrad, Kai A.andMarcelThum.2014.“Doesacleandevelopmentmechanismfacilitateinternationalenvironmentalagree-ments?”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-20(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2518349).

Harald Lang


Lang, Harald.2013.“Konferenzbericht:WegezueinerneuenFiskalpolitikinEu-ropa”.WZB Mitteilungen, March.

Lang, Harald.2013.“Fiscalpolicy:Europeatacrossroads”.Newsletter of the Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance, 01/2013(http://www.tax.mpg.de/files/pdf2/2103-07-22_Interaktiv1.pdf).

tim Lohse

JournalArticles

Lohse, tim, andSalmaiQari.2014.“Genderdifferencesindeceptionbehaviour–theroleofthecounterpart”.Applied Economics Letters,21(10),702-705.

Konrad, Kai A., tim Lohse, andSalmaiQari.2014.“Deceptionchoiceandself-selection–theimportanceofbeingearnest”.Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,107,25-39.

Discussion Papers

Konrad, Kai A., tim Lohse, and Salmai Qari. 2013.“Dubiousversustrustworthyfaces–whatdifferencedoesitmakefortaxcom-pliance?”.CESifoWorkingPaperSeriesNo.4373(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2319853).

Lohse, tim,andChristianThomann.2014.“ArebadtimesgoodnewsfortheSecurities

andExchangeCommission?”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-11(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2469275).

Philipp meyer-Brauns

Discussion Papers

Meyer-Brauns, philipp.2013.“Multitaskingincorporatetaxevasion”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2013-05(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2331969).

Meyer-Brauns, philipp.2014.“Financialcontractingwithtaxevaders”.WorkingPa-peroftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-01(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2375604).

Meyer-Brauns, philipp.2014.“Optimalauditingwithheterogeneousauditper-ceptions”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-06(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2430241).

Rhea molato

Dissertation

Molato, Rhea. 2014. Differencesinthepub-licsector:essaysonsecessionthreatsandwagedifferentials.InauguralDissertation,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Department of Economics.

florian morath

JournalArticles

Konrad, Kai A. and florian morath.2012.“Evolutionarilystablein-groupfavoritismandout-groupspiteinintergroupconflict”.Journal of Theoretical Biology,306,61-67.

Morath, Florian.2013.“Volunteeringandthestrategicvalueofignorance”.Social Choice and Welfare,41(1),99-131.


Morath, FlorianandJohannesMünster.2013.“Informationacquisitioninconflicts”.Economic Theory,54(1),99-129.

Ke,Changxia,KaiA.Konrad,andflorian morath.2013.“Brothersinarms–anexperimentonthealliancepuzzle”.Games and Economic Behavior,77(1),61-76.

Konrad, Kai A., florian morath,andWielandMüller.2014.“Taxationandmarketpower”.Canadian Journal of Economics,47(1),173-202.


Morath, Florian.2012.“MarktmachtunddieWohlfahrtswirkungvonBesteuerung/Marketpowerandthewelfareeffectsoftaxation”.2012 Yearbook of the Max Planck Society(ResearchReport,http://www.mpg.de/4659308/Wohlfahrtswirkung_Besteuerung?c=5732343).


Ke,Changxia,KaiA.Konrad,andflorian morath.2012.“Alliancesintheshadowofconflict”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance2012-03(http://ssrn.com/ab-stract=2029085)andCESifoWorkingPaperSeriesNo.4056.Economic Inquiry,2015,53(2),854-871.

Konrad, Kai A. and florian morath.2012.“Evolutionarydeterminantsofwar”.Work-ingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-12(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2187218).Defence and Peace Economics,forthcoming.

Herbst, Luisa, Kai A. Konrad, and florian morath.2012.“Endogenousgroupforma-tioninexperimentalcontests”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-10(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2166206).2015.Euro-pean Economic Review,74,163–189.

Kovenock,Dan,florian morath, and Jo-hannesMünster.2010.“Informationsharingincontests”.SFB/TR15DiscussionPaperNo.334andJournal of Economics & Manage-ment Strategy,forthcoming.

Discussion Papers

Elsayyad,Mayandflorian morath.2012.“Technologytransfersforclimatechange”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2012-09(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2166205)andCESifoWorkingPaperNo.4521.

Dang,TriViandflorian morath.2013.“Thetaxationofbilateraltradewithendogenousinformation”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2013-07(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2361365).

Herbst, Luisa, Kai A. Konrad, and florian morath.2014.“Balanceofpowerandthepropensityofconflict”.MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceWorkingPaper2014-13(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2471532).

Konrad, Kai A. and florian morath.2014.“Bargainingwithincompleteinformation:Evolutionarystabilityinfinitepopulations”.MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceWorkingPaper2014-16(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2490351).

Morath, FlorianandJohannesMünster.2014.“Onlineshoppingandplatformdesignwithexanteregistrationrequirements”.MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceWorkingPaper2014-21(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2537431).

salmai Qari

Books

Qari, Salmai.2012.Taxavoidance,house-holdformationandinequality.Dissertation,Berlin:FreieUniversitätBerlin(http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/receive/FUDISS_the-sis_000000038191).


JournalArticles

Qari, Salmai,KaiA.Konrad,andBennyGeys.2012.“Patriotism,taxationandinter-nationalmobility”.Public Choice,151(3-4),695-717.

Konrad, Kai A. and salmai Qari.2012.“Thelastrefugeofascoundrel?Patriotismandtaxcompliance”.Economica,79(315),516-533.

Hendel,Ulrichandsalmai Qari.2014.“Immigrationandattitudestowardsdaycare”,Social Indicators Research,119(2),S.997–1029.

Konrad, Kai A., Tim Lohse, and salmai Qari. 2014.“Deceptionchoiceandself-selection–theimportanceofbeingearnest”.Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,107,25-39.

Lohse, Tim and salmai Qari.2014.“Genderdifferencesindeceptionbehaviour–theroleofthecounterpart”.Applied Economics Letters21(10),702-705.

Qari, Salmai.2014.“Marriage,AdaptationandHappiness:Aretherelong-lastingGainstoMarriage?”.Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics,50,29-39.


Qari, Salmai. 2014.“GeschlechtsspezifischeEffektebeimLügenbeiderSteuererklärung/Genderdifferencesintaxcompliancebehavior”.2014YearbookoftheMaxPlanckSociety(ResearchReport,http://www.mpg.de/7746757/JB_20141?c=8236817).


Lohse, Tim and salmai Qari.2014.“Gender-effektebeiRisikoneigungundLügen-Evi-denzauseinemCompliance-Experiment”.Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium,43,91-97.

Discussion Papers

Konrad, Kai A., Tim Lohse, and salmai Qari. 2012.“Customscomplianceandthepower

ofimagination”.CESifoWorkingPaperSeriesNo.3702(http://ssrn.com/abstractid=1990188).

Konrad, Kai A., Tim Lohse, and salmai Qari.2013.“Dubiousversustrustworthyfaces–whatdifferencedoesitmakefortaxcompliance?”.CESifoWorkingPaperSeriesNo.4373(http://paper.ssrn.com/abstract_id=2319853).

Fangfang tan

Books

tan, Fangfang.2012.Behaviouralheter-ogeneityineconomicinstitutions:anexperimentalapproach.OpenAccesspublicationsfromTilburgUniversity,ISBN:9789056683078(http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=121485).

JournalArticles

tan, FangfangandErteXiao.2012.“Peerpunishmentwiththird-partyapprovalinasocialdilemmagame”.Economics Letters, 117(3),589-591.

tan, FangfangandErteXiao.2012.“Peerpunishmentwiththird-partyapprovalinasocialdilemmagame”.Economics Letters, 2012,117(3),589-591.

Müller,WielandandFangfang tan.2013.“Whoactsmorelikeagametheorist?Groupandindividualplayinasequentialmarketgameandtheeffectofthetimehorizon”Games and Economic Behavior,82,658-674.

Xiao, Erte and Fangfang tan.2014.“Justifi-cationandlegitimatepunishment”.Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 170(1),168-188.

tan, FangfangandAndrewYim.2014.“Canstrategicuncertaintyhelpdetertaxevasion?–Anexperimentonauditingrules”.Journal of Economic Psychology,40,161-174.


Discussion Papers

Fu,Qiang,ChangxiaKe,andFangfang tan. 2013.“‘Successbreedssuccess’or‘Pridegoesbeforeafall’?Individualsandteamsinthebest-of-threecontests”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2013-06(http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=2340079).

tan, Fangfang,andErteXiao.2014.“Third-partypunishment:retributionordeterrence”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-05(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2425522).

Kocher,Martin,Fangfang tan,andJingYu.2014.“Providingglobalpublicgoods:Elec-toraldelegationandcooperation”.WorkingPaperoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceNo.2014-12(http://ssrn.com/abstract=2471511).

ii Lectures at Conferences or seminars

sabine Aresin“CrossBorderAbatementanditsWelfare Effects”,V.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,January2012.

“CrossBorderAbatementanditsWelfareEffects”,PosterPresentation,ScientificAd-visoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

“CrossBorderAbatementanditsWelfareEffects”,VII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,September2012.

“CrossBorderAbatementanditsWelfareEffects”,ÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkonomieI,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFrey,Schliersee,May2013.

“CrossBorderAbatementanditsWelfareEffects”,PublicEconomicSeminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,May2013.

“CrossBorderAbatementanditsWelfare Effects”,SpringMeetingofYoungEcono-mists,AarhusUniversity,Aarhus,Denmark,May/June2013.

“CrossBorderAbatementanditsWelfareEffects”,PETInternationalMeeting,Associa-tionforPublicEconomicTheory,Lisbon,Portugal,July2013.

“CrossBorderAbatementanditsWelfare Effects”,69thAnnualCongressoftheInterna-tionalInstituteofPublicFinance,Taormina,Italy,August2013.

“CompetitionandtheCleanDevelopmentMechanism”,BrownBagSeminar,SimonFraserUniversity,Burnaby,Canada,Novem-ber2013.

„ImportRestrictionsonEmissionCredits“,Energie,KlimaunderschöpfbareRessour-cen,Ifo-Seminar,Loas,Austria,June2014.


Anne-Kathrin Bronsert“OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrunhilde’sMarriageStrategy”,WorkshopÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkono-mieII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFreyandMarcelThum,Munich,June2014.

“OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrunhilde’sMarriageStrategy”,PublicEconomicSeminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,June2014.

“OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrunhilde’sMarriageStrategy”,28thAnnualConferenceoftheEuropeanSocietyforPopulationEconomics,Braga,Portugal,June2014.

“OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrunhilde’sMarriageStrategy”,70thAnnualCongressoftheInternationalInstituteofPublicFinance,RedesigningtheWelfareStateforAgingSocieties,UniversityofLu-gano,Lugano,Switzerland,August2014.

“OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrunhilde’sMarriageStrategy”,EuropeanEconomicAssociationAnnualCongress,EuropeanEconomicAssociation,Toulouse,France,August2014.

“OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrunhilde’sMarriageStrategy”,AnnualCongressoftheVereinfürSocialpolitik,Helmut-SchmidtUniversität,Hamburg,September2014.

thomas Daske“WhenAltruistsBecomeSelfish–CanweDeduceMotivefromAction?”,V.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Mu-nich,January2012.

“WishingforEnemies?–TheEffectofOut-GroupConsiderationsonCollectiveAction”,PosterPresentation,VI.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,May2012.

“AssigningTeamsinaSocialNetwork”,VIII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2013.

“AssigningTeamsinaSocialNetwork”,Workshop“,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperi-mentalEconomicsIII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandMPIofEconomics,Jena,April2013.

“AssigningTeamsinaSocialNetwork”,Micro-EconomicWorkshop,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,April2013.

“AssigningTeamsinaSocialNetwork”,WorkshopÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkonomieI,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFrey,Schliersee,May2013.

“SocialPreferencesandWorkIncentives–TheRoleofUncertaintyabouta(Co-)Work-er’sType”,MikroökonomischesKolloquium,FreieUniversitätBerlin,May2014.

“SocialPreferencesandWorkIncentives–TheRoleofUncertaintyabouta(Co-)Worker’sType”,Micro-EconomicWorkshop,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,May2014.

Nadja Dwenger“SharingtheBurden:EmpiricalEvidenceonCorporateTaxIncidence”,AmericanEconomicAssociation,AnnualMeeting,Chicago,USA,January2012.

“SharingtheBurden:EmpiricalEvidenceonCorporateTaxIncidence”,EmpiricalEcon- omicsSeminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-Univer-sitätMünchen,Munich,January2012.

Commenton:“TaxComplianceCosts”,1stFAUWorkshoponTaxCompliance,Friedrich-Alexander-UniversitätErlangen-Nürnberg,Nuremberg,March2012.

“SharingtheBurden:EmpiricalEvidenceonCorporateTaxIncidence”,RoyalEconomicSociety,AnnualConference,Cambridge,UK,March2012.

“SharingtheBurden:EmpiricalEvidenceonCorporateTaxIncidence”,Seminar,Techni-scheUniversitätDortmund,Dortmund, May2012.


“SharingtheBurden:EmpiricalEvidenceonCorporateTaxIncidence”,Forschungs-seminarfürWirtschaftspolitikundquan-titativeWirtschaftsforschung,Friedrich-Alexander-UniversitätErlangen-Nürnberg,Nuremberg,June2012.

“SharingtheBurden:EmpiricalEvidenceonCorporateTaxIncidence”,PosterPresenta-tion,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich, July2012.

“Economicvs.SocialIncentivesinTaxCom-pliance:EvidencefromaFieldExperimentinGermany”,PublicEconomicsSeminar,Uni-versityofCalifornia,Berkeley,USA,October2012.

“SharingtheBurden:EmpiricalEvidenceonCorporateTaxIncidence”,NationalTaxCon-ference,AnnualMeeting,Providence,USA,November2012.

“Randomization:EmpiricalandExperimen-talEvidence”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperi-mentalEconomicsIII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandMPIofEconomics,Jena,April2013.

Commenton:RitadelaFeriaandMichaelDevereux,“ImplementingaDestination-BasedCorporationTax”,ETPF/CEPSConfer-enceonFinancialSectorTaxation,Brussels,Belgium,May2013.

Commenton:AndreasHauflerandChristianLülfesmann,“ReforminganAsymmetricUnion:OntheVirtuesofDualTierCapitalTaxation”,AnnualSymposium,OxfordUni-versityCentreforBusinessTaxation,Oxford,UK,June2013.

“SharingtheBurden?EmpiricalEvidenceonCorporateTaxIncidence“,MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2013.

“RealEffectsofBankDistress.EvidencefromIndividualFirm-BankRelationships”,ETHZurich,Zurich,Switzerland,July2013.

“SharingtheBurden?EmpiricalEvidenceonCorporateTaxIncidence”,69thAnnualCon-gressoftheInternationalInstituteofPublicFinance,Taormina,Italy,August2013.

“SharingtheBurden?EmpiricalEvidenceonCorporateTaxIncidence”,CompetitionPolicyandRegulationinaGlobalEconomicOrder,AnnualCongressoftheVereinfürSocialpolitik,Düsseldorf,September2013.

Commenton:GlenLoutzenhiser,“SmallBusinessTaxationintheUK”,Munich-Sydney-ConferenceontheLawandEconom-icsofTaxation,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandUniversityofSydney,Munich,September2013.

“TaxCollectionandTaxCompliance.EmpiricalEvidenceinFieldExperiments”,BestPracticesinTaxCollection,EuropeanCommission,Brussels,Belgium,September2013.

“EconomicvsSocialIncentivesinTaxCom-pliance:EvidencefromaFieldExperimentinGermany”,SteuerpolitikimUmfeldneuerFiskalinstitutionenundAbstimmungsver-fahren,InternalWorkshop,PAKT,Speyer,October2013.

“EconomicvsSocialIncentivesinTaxCom-pliance:EvidencefromaFieldExperimentinGermany”,TaxComplianceinFieldandLaboratory Experiments, MPI for Tax Law andPublicFinance,Munich,November2013.

“EconomicvsSocialIncentivesinTaxCom-pliance:EvidencefromaFieldExperimentinGermany”,SITESeminar,Stockholm,Sweden,November2013.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance:EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,IOandTradeSeminar,Munich,November2013.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance:EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,FacultySeminar,Vallen-dar,November2013.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance:EvidencefromaFieldExperi-


mentinGermany”,PublicEconomicsSemi-nar,Mannheim,December2013.

“ExtrinsicvsIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance:EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,FacultySeminarattheOxfordUniversityCentreforBusinessTaxa-tion,Oxford,UK,December2013.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,AmericanEconomicAs-sociation,Philadelphia,USA,January2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,Ludwig-Maximilians-Uni-versitätMünchen,Munich,January2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,February2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,GovernmentInstituteforEconomicResearchHelsinki(VATT),Febru-ary2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,February2014.

“DoTaxesCrowdOutIntrinsicMotivation?Field-ExperimentalEvidencefromGerma-ny“,Taxation,SocialNormsandCompliance,Nuremberg,March2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,18th Conference of the SFB/TR15,GovernanceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSystems,Mannheim,April2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,NorwegianSchoolofEconomics,Bergen,Norway,May2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,UniversityofBochum,Bochum,May2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,UniversityofCopenha-gen,Copenhagen,Denmark,May2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,Workshop“CredibleIdentificationandStructuralModeling”,Ohlstadt,June2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,UniversityofPotsdam,Potsdam,June2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperimentinGermany”,PublicEconomicsCommitteeoftheVereinfürSocialpolitik,Bremen,June2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,ÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkonomieII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFreyandMarcelThum,Munich,June2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,arqus-Jubiläumstagung,Bayreuth,July2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,NBERSummerInstitute,Cambridge,USA,July2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,UniversityofTrier,Trier,July2014.

“ExtrinsicandIntrinsicMotivationsforTaxCompliance.EvidencefromaFieldExperi-mentinGermany”,AnnualCongressoftheVereinfürSocialpolitik,Helmut-SchmidtUniversität,Hamburg,September2014.


“SteuerehrlichkeitundSteuerdurchsetzung.EmpirischeEvidenzdurchFeldexperimente”,ArbeitskreisFinanzwissenschaft,GermanFederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,October2014.

“DoTaxesCrowdOutIntrinsicMotivation?Field-ExperimentalEvidencefromGer-many”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsII,UniversityofInnsbruck,Inns-bruck,Austria,October2014.

“ImprovingTaxCollectionbyPublicSham-ing”,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,USA,November2014.

may elsayyad “TechnologyTransfersforClimateChange”,IOandTradeSeminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,February2012.

“BargainingOverTaxInformationExchange”,WorkshoponEmpiricalMethodsinPublicFinance,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2012.

“BargainingOverTaxInformationExchange”,IOandTradeSeminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,April2012.

“BargainingOverTaxInformationExchange”,VI.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,May2012.

“BargainingOverTaxInformationExchange”,VereinstagungfürSocialpolitik2012,Göt-tingen,September2012.

“BargainingOverTaxInformationExchange”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,October2012.

Aart Gerritsen“OptimalTaxationWhenPeopleDoNotMaximizeWell-Being”,IX.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,August2013.

“IsaMinimumWageanAppropriateInstru-mentforRedistribution?”,X.TaxDay,MPI

forTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2013.

OrganisatoroftheTinbergenInstituteWork-shoponPublicEconomics,ErasmusUniver-sityRotterdam,Rotterdam,Netherlands,February2014.

“Essaysoveroptimaaloverheidsbeleid–hetlekenpraatje”,ErasmusUniversityRot-terdam,Rotterdam,Netherlands,February2014.

“EquityandEfficiencyinRationedLaborMarkets”,XI.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2014.

“OptimalTaxationwhenPeopleDoNotMaximizeWell-Being”,CESifoAreaConfer-enceonPublicSectorEconomics,CESifoGroup,Munich,April2014.

“OptimalTaxationwhenPeopleDoNotMaximizeWell-Being”,CentreforEconomicDevelopmentandInstitutionsConference,London,UK,May2014.

“OptimalTaxationwhenPeopleDoNotMaximizeWell-Being”,ÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkonomieII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFreyandMarcelThum,Munich,June2014.

“OptimalTaxationwhenPeopleDoNotMaximizeWell-Being”,SeminarattheUni-versityofSiegen,Siegen,July2014.

“OptimalTaxationwhenPeopleDoNotMaximizeWell-Being”,PublicEconomicTheoryConference,Seattle,USA,July2014.

“OptimalTaxationwhenPeopleDoNotMaximizeWell-Being”,70thAnnualCongressoftheInternationalInstituteofPublicFinance,RedesigningtheWelfareStateforAgingSocieties,UniversityofLugano,Lugano,Switzerland,August2014.

“IsaMinimumWageanAppropriateInstrumentforRedistribution?”,EuropeanEconomicAssociationAnnualCongress,EuropeanEconomicAssociation,Toulouse,France,August2014.


“IsaMinimumWageanAppropriateInstrumentforRedistribution?”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsII,UniversityofInnsbruck,Innsbruck,Austria,October2014.

“OptimalCapitalTaxationwhenPeopleFaceDifferentRatesofReturn”,DeNederlandseEconomendag,Amsterdam,Netherlands,October2014.

“OptimalCapitalTaxationwhenPeopleFaceDifferentRatesofReturn,”XIII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2014.

Luisa herbst“EndogenousAllianceFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,7thFFFStipend-Research-Workshop,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,February2012.

“EndogenousAllianceFormationinEx-perimentalContests”,PosterPresentation,Conference on Contests, Mechanisms and Experiments,UniversityofExeter,UK,April2012.

“EndogenousAllianceFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,VI.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,May2012.

“ContestsofThreeParties”,8thFFFStipend-Research-Workshop,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,June2012.

“EndogenousAllianceFormationinEx-perimentalContests”,PresentationandPosterPresentation,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

“EndogenousAllianceFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,Ph.D.CoursewithJohnList“FieldandLabExperimentsinEconom-ics”,NorwegianSchoolofEconomicst,Bergen,Norway,October2012.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,16th Conference of the SFB/TR15,GovernanceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSystems,Bonn,April2013.

“BalanceofPowerandtheProbabilityofConflict”,7thYoungResearchersWorkshop,SFB/TR15,GovernanceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSystems,Bonn,April2013.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,FlorenceWorkshoponBehaviouralandExperimentalEconomics,Florence,Italy,May2013.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,ÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkonomieI,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFrey,Schliersee,May2013.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,SpringMeetingofYoungEconomists,AarhusUniversity,Aarhus,Denmark,May/June2013.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,Workshop“Competi-tionbetweenConflictandCooperation”,Freiburg,June2013.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,PETInternationalMeet-ing,AssociationforPublicEconomicTheory,Lisbon,Portugal,July2013.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,69thAnnualCongressoftheInternationalInstituteofPublicFinance,Taormina,Italy,August2013.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,28th European Economic AssociationMeeting,Gothenburg,Sweden,August2013.

Co-organisatoroftheTinbergenInstituteWorkshoponPublicEconomics,ErasmusUniversityRotterdam,Rotterdam,Nether-lands,February2014.

“BargainingwithPre-Investments”,9thYoungResearchersWorkshopoftheSFB/TR15,GovernanceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSystems,Mannheim,April2014.

“BalanceofPowerandthePropen-sityofConflict”,ÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkonomieII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFreyandMarcelThum,Munich,June2014.


“BalanceofPowerandthePropensityofConflict”,PET201415thInternationalConf-erenceonPublicEconomics,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,USA,July2014.

“BalanceofPowerandthePropensityofConflict”,ESAEconomicScienceAssociation2014EuropeanMeeting,Prague,CzechRepublic,September2014.

“BalanceofPowerandthePropensityofConflict”,19thConferenceoftheSFB/TR15,GovernanceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSystems,Caputh,October2014.

“BalanceofPowerandthePropensityofConflict”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimen-talEconomicsIV,MPIofEconomics,Jena,October2014.

“BalanceofPowerandthePropensityofConflict”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimen-talEconomicsII,UniversityofInnsbruck,Innsbruck,Austria,October2014.

michael hilmer“IncentiveContractingunderLimitedLiabil-ityandLimitedDeductibilityofBonuses”,VI.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,May2012.

“FiscalTreatmentofManagerialCompensa-tion–AWelfareAnalysis”,Presentation,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

“FiscalTreatmentofManagerialCompensa-tion–AWelfareAnalysis”,VIII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2013.

“FiscalTreatmentofManagerialCompen-sation–AWelfareAnalysis”,ÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkonomieI,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFrey,Schliersee,May2013.

“FiscalTreatmentofManagerialCompensa-tion–AWelfareAnalysis”,PublicFinanceandEconomicPolicySeminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,July2013.

“FiscalTreatmentofManagerialCompensa-tion–AWelfareAnalysis”,PETInternationalMeeting,AssociationforPublicEconomicTheory,Lisbon,Portugal,July2013.

“FiscalTreatmentofManagerialCompensa-tion–AWelfareAnalysis”,CompetitionPolicyandRegulationinaGlobalEconomicOrder,AnnualCongressoftheVereinfürSocialpolitik,Düsseldorf,September2013.

“TooManytoFail–HowBonusTaxationPreventsGamblingforBailouts”,PublicFinanceandEconomicPolicySeminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,December2013.

“TooManytoFail–HowBonusTaxationPreventsGamblingforBailouts”,Evidence-basedEconomicPolicy,AnnualCongressoftheVereinfürSocialpolitik,Helmut-SchmidtUniversität,Hamburg,September2014.

erik Hornung“LandownershipConcentrationandtheExpansionofEducation”,X.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2013.

“RailroadsandGrowthinPrussia”,EconomicHistorySeminar,UniversityofMannheim,Mannheim,February2014.

“TheEvolutionofIndividualPropertyRightsintheProcessofDevelopment”,XII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2014.

“TheEvolutionofIndividualPropertyRightsintheProcessofDevelopment”,MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2014.

“RailroadsandGrowthinPrussia”,EuropeanEconomicAssociationAnnualCongress,EuropeanEconomicAssociation,Toulouse,France,August2014.

“RailroadsandGrowthinPrussia”,AnnualCongressoftheVereinfürSocialpolitik,Helmut-SchmidtUniversität,September2014.


“ThePoliticalEconomyofthePrussianThree-classFranchise”,XIII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2014.

“TheEvolutionofIndividualPropertyRightsintheProcessofDevelopment”,EconomicsBrownBagSeminar,UniversityofPassau,Passau,December2014.

changxia Ke“Are‘RocketsandFeathers’CausedbySearchorInformationalFrictions?”,SeminarPresentation,MonashUniversity,Mel-bourne,Australia,January2012.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”,Meet-ingoftheSFB/TR15,GovernanceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSystems,Mannheim,April2012.

“FightAloneorTogether?TheNeedtoBelong”,Contest,MechanismsandEx-perimentsConference,UniversityofExeter,Devon,UK,April2012.

“Are‘RocketsandFeathers’CausedbySearchorInformationalFrictions?”,SeminarPresentation,DüsseldorfInstituteforCom-petitionEconomics,HeinrichHeineUniver-sitätDüsseldorf,Düsseldorf,May2012.

“FightAloneorTogether?TheNeedtoBelong?”,PosterPresentation,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”,SeminarPresentation,UniversitätAugsburg,Augsburg,July2012.

Kai A. KonradCommenton:JoachimWeimannns,“WiesinnvollistderklimapolitischeAlleingangDeutschlands?”,DieZukunftderEnergiev-ersorgung,ifo-InstituteandBayerischeAkademiederWissenschaften,Munich,January2012.

“FutureArchitectureoftheEuro”Presenta-tionandPanelDiscussion,JointWorkshopontheEuroCrisis,DIWBerlin,Berlin,Janu-ary2012.

“EvolutionarilyStableIn-GroupFavoritismandOut-GroupSpiteinIntergroupConflict”,SeminarSeriesoftheSFB-TR15,GovernanceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSystems,Berlin,February2012.

“EvolutionarilyStableIn-GroupFavorit-ismandOut-GroupSpiteinIntergroupConflict”,TagungdesAusschussesfürBe-völkerungsökonomik,InstitutderdeutschenWirtschaft,Cologne,February2012.

“CustomsComplianceandthePowerofImagination”,1stFAUWorkshoponTaxCompliance,Friedrich-Alexander-UniversitätErlangen-Nürnberg,Nuremberg,March2012.

“TheChallengeofDeLeveragingandOver-hangsofDebtII:ThePoliticsandEconomicsofRestructuring”,Lecture,ParadigmLostConference,InstituteforNewEconomicThinking,Berlin,April2012.

“UnilateralActionandNegotiationsaboutClimatePolicy”.ConferenceonNewDirec-tionsintheVoluntaryProvisionofInterna-tionalPublicGoods,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,April2012.

“BrothersinArms–AnExperimentontheAlliancePuzzle”,MPIforDemographicRe-search,Rostock,April2012.

“HaushaltsdisziplininDeutschlandunterderPerspektivedesBremen-Saarland-Syndroms”,IGV-Conference:AufdemWegzunachhaltigausgeglichenenHaushalten?–ZwischenbilanzimzweitenJahrgrundge-setzlicherSchuldenbremsung,FreieUni-versitätBerlinandHumboldt-UniversitätzuBerlin,Berlin,May2012.

“DasSchuldenprobleminderEurozone–dieRollevonFreiheitundVerantwortung”,KeynoteSpeaker,WELT-Währungskonferenz,Berlin,May2012.


“BrothersinArms–AnExperimentontheAlliancePuzzle”,WorkshoponPoliticalEconomy,ErasmusSchoolofEconomics,Rotterdam,Netherlands,June2012.

“DasSchuldenprobleminderEurozone–dieRollevonFreiheitundVerantwortung”,quirinbankAG,Darmstadt,June2012.

“HaushaltsdisziplininDeutschlandunterderPerspektivedesBremen-Syndroms”,WirtschaftsratderCDUe.V.,Berlin,June2012.

“EvolutionarilyStableIn-GroupFavoritismandOut-GroupSpiteinIntergroupConflict”,12thJanTinbergenConference,DIWBerlin,Berlin,June2012.

“TheFutureoftheEurozone”,AssociationofManagersandExecutivesofAragon,Zaragoza,Spain,July2012.

“EvolutionarilyStableIn-GroupFavoritismandOut-GroupSpiteinIntergroupConflict”,AnnualCongressoftheInternationalInsti-tuteofPublicFinance,TechnischeUniver-sitätDresden,Dresden,August2012.

“Alliances:JointFightingandIn-GroupConflict”,27thEuropeanAnnualCongress,Malaga,Spain,August2012.

“BrothersinArms–AnExperimentontheAlliancePuzzle”,AnnualCongressoftheVereinfürSocialpolitik,Göttingen,Septem-ber2012.

“HaushaltsdisziplininDeutschlandunterderPerspektivedesBremen-Syndroms”,Panel:DerWegzusolidenStaatsfinanzen,AnnualCongressoftheVereinfürSocialpolitik,Göt-tingen,September2012.

“HangingTogetherorBeingHungSepa-rately:TheStrategicPowerofCoalitionswhereBargainingOccurswithIncompleteInformation”,Munich-Tokyo-ConferenceonFederalPublicEconomics,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,September2012.

“StaatsschuldenohneSühne–LösungdurchInflation?”,18thColloquiumoftheInstitutfürbankhistorischeForschunge.V.,Frank-furt,September2012.

“HangingTogetherorBeingHungSeparate-ly:TheStrategicPowerofCoalitionswhereBargainingOccurswithIncompleteInforma-tion”,MicroeconomicsSeminar,UniversityofZurich,Zurich,Switzerland,October2012.

“BrothersinArms–AnExperimentontheAlliancePuzzle”,DistinguishedLecture,Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg,Delmenhorst,November2012.

“DasSchuldenprobleminderEurozone–dieRollevonFreiheitundVerantwortung”,Con-ference,FamilienunternehmerimGespräch,Baden-Baden,November2012.

“ClimatePolicyNegotiationswithIncom-pleteInformation”,WWZResearchSeminar,UniversityofBasel,Basel,Switzerland,November2012.

“WhentheWeakStandTogetherandtheStrongStandAlone–onGroupFormationinContests”,ResearchSeminaronMicro-economics,UniversitätHamburg,Hamburg,November2012.

“WhentheWeakStandTogetherandtheStrongStandAlone–onGroupFormationinContests”,YoungResearchersWorkshopon Contests and Tournaments, Dortmund, November2012.

“UrsachenderSchuldenkriseundKonzeptezuihrerBewältigung,FinanzkriseinderEUundihreEinflüsseaufdieTürkei”,IstanbulKültürUniversity,Istanbul,Turkey,Novem-ber2012.

“BargainingwithIncompleteInformation:theStrategicPowerofCoalitions”,6th WorkshoponPoliticalEconomy,CESifo/TechnischeUniversitätDresden,Dresden,December2012.

“ClimatePolicyNegotiationswithIncom-pleteInformation”,BC3-ResearchSeminar,BasqueCentreforClimateChange,Bilbao,Spain,December2012.

“WiekanndieEuropäischeWährungsunionlangfristigbestehen?FünfFragen”,ECON-WATCH-Meeting,Berlin,February2013.


“ClimatePolicyNegotiationswithIncom-pleteInformation”,THEMA,UniversitéCergy-Pontoise,Cergy,France,March2013.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”,Centred’EconomiedelaSorbonne,UniversitéParis1,Paris,France,March2013.

“HangingTogetherorBeingHungSepa-rately:TheStrategicPowerofCoalitionswhereBargainingOccurswithIncompleteInformation”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperi-mentalEconomicsIII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandMPIofEconomics,Jena,April2013.

“TheEuropeanDebtCrisis:TheRoleofFree-domandResponsibility“,Storebrand,Berlin,April2013.

“DieEuropäischeSchuldenkrise–dieRollevonFreiheitundVerantwortung”,JohannesGutenbergUniversityMainz,Mainz,May2013.

“DeceptionDetectionandtheRoleofSelf-Selection”,ÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkonomieI,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFrey,Schliersee,May2013.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”,Uni-versityofYork,York,UK,May2013.

“DeceptionDetectionandtheRoleofSelf-Selection”,CentreforBusinessTaxationSeminarSeries,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK,May2013.

“DieEuropäischeSchuldenkrise–dieRollevonFreiheitundHaftung”,DresdnerVorträgezurWirtschaftspolitik,IfoInstituteDresden,Dresden,June2013.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”,Conflict:TheoryandEvidence,StockholmSchoolofEconomics,Stockholm,Sweden,June2013.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests,ConcentrationonConflict”,BarcelonaGSESummerForum,InstituteforEconomicAnalysis,Barcelona,Spain,June2013.

“DieEuropäischeSchuldenkrise–dieRollevonFreiheitundVerantwortung”,MunichSeminars,CESifoGroupandSüddeutscheZeitung,Munich,June2013.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”, PETInternationalMeeting,AssociationforPublicEconomicTheory,Lisbon,Portugal,July2013.

“DieEuropäischeSchuldenkrise–dieRollevonFreiheitundVerantwortung“,ÖkonomiederZukunft,UBSDeutschlandAGandInsti-tutÖkonomiederZukunft,Frankfurt,July2013.

“GibtesglaubwürdigeBündnisregeln?”,AspectsoftheEuro’sFuture,VillaVigoni,Italy,July2013.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”,13th SAETConferenceonCurrentTrendsinEco-nomics,MINESParisTech,Paris,France,July2013.

“TaxCompliance:TheRoleofDeceptionandDeceptionDetectionAbilitiesandSelfSelec-tion”,KeynoteLecture,ConferenceonTheShadowEconomy,TaxEvasionandGovern-ance,UniversityofMünster,Münster,July2013.

“BrothersinArms–TheoryandEvidenceonAlliances”,InvitedLecture,5thSingaporeEconomicReviewConference,UniversityofSingapore,Singapore,August2013.

“DeceptionChoiceandAuditDesign–TheImportanceofBeingEarnest”,Munich-Sydney-ConferenceontheLawandEconom-icsofTaxation,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandUniversityofSydney,Munich,September2013.

“HangingTogetherorBeingHungSeparate-ly:TheStrategicPowerofCoalitionswhereBargainingOccurswithIncompleteInforma-tion”,AnnualCongressoftheVereinfürSocialpolitik,Düsseldorf,September2013.

“TheEuropeanDebtCrisis,itsDevelopmentandPossibleSolutions”,25th Anniversary Conference,AcademiaEuropaea,Breslau,Poland,September2013.


“RiskTakingandTaxation”,IV.StaffRetreat,MPIorTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013.

“Sind‘ehrlicheTypen’wirklichehrlich?EinExperimentzurSteuerehrlichkeit”,MeetingoftheChairmenoftheBoardofTrustees,MaxPlanckSociety,Munich,October2013.

“Europe–TowardsRenewedGrowth?APublicFinanceEconomist’sPerspective”,NHHSummit2013,NorwegianSchoolofEconomics,Oslo,Norway,November2013.

„FöderalismusundnachhaltigeFinanzpoli-tik“,InvitedLecture,CeremonialActofthe Department of Economics, Technische UniversitätChemnitz,Chemnitz,November2013.

Commenton:KlausSchmidt,“PayWhatYouWantasaMarketingStrategyinMonopolis-ticandCompetitiveMarkets”,17th Confer-enceoftheSFB/TR15,GovernanceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSystems,Tutzing,November2013.

“SustainableFiscalPolicyinaFederation–ImplicationsforEurope”,SixthAnnualEuro-peanInvestmentConference,CFAInstitute,London,UK,November2013.

“FiskalunionundBankenunion=Schulden-union?EinFortschrittsbericht”,ConferenceonEuropa:EindämmungderKrise,unddann?,CentreforEuropeanEconomicRe-search(ZEW)andWirtschaftsdienst,Berlin,November2013.

„HaushaltsdisziplinimFöderalstaat“,BBAW-Vorlesungsreihe,Berlin-BrandenburgischeAkademiederWissenschaften,Berlin,December2013.

“Werte:LehrenausderFinanzkrise”,SecondPromeritExecutiveForum,PromeritAG,Frankfurt,January2014.

“Deception,ChoiceandAuditDesign–TheImportanceofbeingEarnest”,WorkshoponInstitutions,GamesandExperiments,MPIofEconomics,Jena,February2014.

“OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrun-hilde’sMarriageDilemma”,FamilyEconom-icsWorkshop,RoyalHallowayUniversityofLondon,UK,February2014.

“OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrunhilde’sMarriageDilemma”,SeminarattheCentreforStudiesinEconomicsandFinance,Universita’degliStudidiNapoliFedericoII,Naples,Italy,February2014.

“VoteBuyingwithUnlimitedBudgets”,XI.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2014.

“HangingTogetherorBeingHungSepa-rately:TheStrategicPowerofCoalitionswhereBargainingOccurswithIncompleteInformation”,WorkshoponFederalismandRegionalPolicy,UniversityofSiegen,Siegen,April2014.

“FinanzwissenschaftlicheDimension”,2.SitzungArbeitskreisÖkonomieundInnova-tionsforschung,acatech,Munich,April2014.

“DeceptionChoiceandAuditDesign”,Meet-ingonExperimentalEconomics/NeuroandSocialSciences,Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg,Delmhorst,May2014.

“StaatsschuldenabbauwieimSchlaf?”,Keynote,WELT-Währungskonferenz,Berlin,May2014.

“StrategicAspectsintheFightAgainstTaxHavens”,WorkshoponTaxCompetitionandPublicPolicy,CenterforResearchinEco-nomicAnalysis,UniversityofLuxembourg,Luxembourg,May2014.

“DeceptionChoiceandAuditDesign–TheImportanceofBeingEarnest”,BehavioralPublicEconomics,UniversitätWien,Austria,June2014.

“DeceptionChoiceandAuditDesign”,Lec-ture,UniversityHohenheim,Hohenheim,July2014.

“TheFutureofFiscalResponsibilityintheEurozone”,ForumforEU-USLegal-EconomicAffairs,TheMentorGroup,Vienna,Austria,September2014.


“FiscalArchitectureinEurope:TheSa-maritan’sDilemma?”,Keynote,WorkshoponEurope’sCrisis:TheConflict-theoreticPerspective,UniversityofFreiburg,Freiburg,September2014.

“NZZ-Podium:Europas«Weltmeister»–dasdeutscheMomentum”,NeueZürcherZei-tung,Berlin,October2014.

“TargetedCampaignCompetition,LoyalVoters,andSupermajorities”,ESIMiniWork-shoponExperimentalEconomicsIV,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandMPIofEconomics,Jena,October2014.

“TargetedCampaignCompetition,LoyalVot-ers,andSupermajorities”,Keynote,Work-shop,NUIMaynoothUniversity,Maynooth,Ireland,November2014.

“BrothersinArms–TheoryandExperimen-talEvidenceonAlliances”,AustralasianPub-licChoiceConference,MonashUniversity,Melbourne,Australia,December2014.

“DeceptionChoiceandSelfSelection–TheImportanceofBeingEarnest”,Seminar,Uni-versityofOsnabrück,Osnabrück,December2014.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinContests”,TheEconomicsofWars,Écolenationaledelastatistiqueetdel’analysedel’information,Rennes,France,December2014.

Harald LangCommenton:YasminHolm,“Gewinnermit-tlungbeiBetriebsstätten”,IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013.

“AGlanceintotheTunnel–Beliefsvs.Relative-IncomeConsiderations”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsIV,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandMPIofEconomics,Jena,October2014.

“AGlanceintotheTunnel–Beliefsvs.Relative-IncomeConsiderations”,ESIMini-WorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsII”,UniversityofInnsbruck,Innsbruck,Austria,October2014.

Philipp meyer-Brauns“CorporateTaxAvoidanceinaPrincipalAgentModel”,7thFFFStipend-Research-Workshop,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,February2012.

“MultitaskinginCorporateTaxEvasion”,VIII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2013.

“FinancialContractingwithTaxEvaders”,IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013.

“FinancialContractingwithTaxEvaders”,PublicEconomicsSeminarattheChairofProf.Haufler,Ludwig-Maximilians-Univer-sitätMünchen,Munich,October2013.

“FinancialContractingwithTaxEvaders”,12.FinanzwissenschaftlichesSeminar,SocialSci-enceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,December2013.

“OptimalAuditingwithOverconfidentTax-payers”,BrownbagSeminarattheChairofProf.Schöb,FreieUniversitätBerlin,Berlin,December2013.

“FinancialContractingwithTaxEvaders”,PET201415thInternationalConferenceonPublicEconomics,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,USA,July2014.

“FinancialContractingwithTaxEvaders”,70thAnnualCongressoftheInternationalInstituteofPublicFinance,RedesigningtheWelfareStateforAgingSocieties,UniversityofLugano,Lugano,Switzerland,August.

“FinancialContractingwithTaxEvaders”,AnnualCongressoftheVereinfürSocialpo-litik,Helmut-SchmidtUniversität,Hamburg,September2014.

Rhea molato“PublicDebtandtheThreatofSecession”,V.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,January2012.


“PublicDebtandtheThreatofSecession”,PublicEconomicsSeminar,Ludwig-Maximil-ians-UniversitätMünchen,DepartmentofEconomics,Munich,May2014.

“MeasuringBriberyfromMicroData”,Ph.D.Seminar,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,May2014.

florian morath“BrothersinArms–AnExperimentontheAlliancePuzzle”,AnnualCongressoftheInternationalInstituteofPublicFinance,TechnischeUniversitätDresden,Dresden,August2012.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”,Eu-ropeanCongressoftheEconomicScienceAssociation,UniversitätzuKöln,Cologne,September2012.

“TheTaxationofFinancialTransactionswithEndogenousInformation”,VII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,September2012.

“TechnologyTransfersforClimateChange”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,October2012.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”,CESifoAreaConferenceonBehaviouralEconomics,CESifoGroup,Munich,November2012.

“TechnologyTransfersforClimateChange”,ConferenceoftheSFB/TR15,GovernanceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSystems,Caputh,November2012.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”,Work-shop on Contests: Experiments and Theory, MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,January2013.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,Innsbruck-MunichConfe-renceonPublicEconomics,UniversityofInnsbruck,Innsbruck,Austria,March2013.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”,Uni-versitätWien,Vienna,Austria,March2013.

“OnlineShopping”,VIII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2013.

“AlliancesintheShadowofConflict”,Inter-nationalConferenceonCooperationorCon-flict,Wageningen,Netherlands,May2013.

“TheTaxationofBilateralTradewithEndo-genousInformation”,UniversityofCologne,Cologne,June2013.

“TechnologyTransfersforClimateChange”,UniversityofAugsburg,Augsburg,June2013.

“TechnologyTransfersforClimateChange”,AssociationforPublicEconomicTheory,InternationalMeeting,Lisbon,Portugal,July2013.

“TechnologyTransfersforClimateChange”,InternationalInstituteofPublicFinance,AnnualConference,Taormina,Italy,August2013.

“TechnologyTransfersforClimateChange”,CESifoAreaConferenceonEnergyandClimateEconomics,CESifoGroup,Munich,October2013.

“TheTaxationofBilateralTradewithEndo-genousInformation”,17th Conference of the SFB/TR15,GovernanceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSystems,Tutzing,November2013.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,WorkshoponNorms,Ac-tions,Games2014,King’sCollegeLondon,London,UK,April2014.

“TheTaxationofBilateralTradewithEndog-enousInformation”,CESifoAreaConferenceonPublicSectorEconomics,CESifoGroup,Munich,April2014.

“EndogenousGroupFormationinExperi-mentalContests”,2014PoliticalEconomyWorkshop,CatholicUniversity,Milan,Italy,May2014.

“TheTaxationofBilateralTradewithEndogenousInformation”,PET201415th InternationalConferenceonPublicEconom-ics,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,USA,July2014.


“TheTaxationofBilateralTradewithEndog-enousInformation”,70thAnnualCongressoftheInternationalInstituteofPublicFinance,RedesigningtheWelfareStateforAgingSocieties,UniversityofLugano,Lugano,Switzerland,August2014.

“TechnologyTransfersforClimateChange”,AnnualCongressoftheVereinfürSocialpo-litik,Helmut-SchmidtUniversität,Hamburg,September2014.

“TechnologyTransfersforClimateChange”,Seminar,TechnischeUniversitätDortmund,Dortmund,October2014.

salmai Qari“MethodsforClusteredBinaryResponseData:APowerComparison”,WorkshoponEmpiricalMethodsinPublicFinance,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2012.

“DurableConsumptionGoodsandHap-piness”,RoyalEconomicSociety,AnnualConference,Cambridge,UK,March2012.

“ComplianceandBeliefs:Appearancevs.Performance”,PosterPresentation,ScientificAdvisoryBoardMeeting,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

“ComplianceandBeliefs:Appearancevs.Performance”,VI.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012.

“CustomsComplianceandthePowerofImagination”,AnnualConferenceoftheInternationalInstituteofPublicFinance,TechnischeUniversitätDresden,Dresden,August2012.

“CustomsComplianceandthePowerofImagination”,EuropeanEconomicAssocia-tionAnnualCongress,Malaga,Spain,August2012.

“DoSecond-OrderBeliefsWork?”,VII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,September2012.

“DoSecond-OrderBeliefsWork?”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,October2012.

“ComplianceandtheSubjectiveAuditProbability”,DepartmentofPublicFinance,UniversityofInnsbruck,Innsbruck,January2013.

“DeceptionDetectionandtheRoleofSelf-Selection”,VIII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2013.

“Discussionof‘Short-andLong-TermEf-fectsofFreeCareServicesforMothersandInfants’”,AugsburgWorkshopontheEco-nomicsofHealthBehaviorsandPrevention,AugsburgUniversity,Augsburg,December2013.

“DeceptionChoiceandSelf-Selection–TheImportanceofBeingEarnest”,UniversityofSiegen,Siegen,January2014.

tim stolper“TheRoleofCustomerCoordinationintheFightAgainstTaxHavens”,IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013.

“CoordinationandtheFightAgainstTaxHavens”,WorkshoponUnderstandingTaxHavens,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandNorwegianSchoolofEconomics,Mu-nich,January2014.

“CoordinationandtheFightAgainstTaxHavens”,SeminarwithBrunoFrey,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2014.

“CoordinationandtheFightAgainstTaxHavens”,TaxPolicyandtheActivitiesofMul-tinationalFirms,EberhardKarlsUniversitätinTübingen,Tübingen,June2014.

Discussionon“GreatExpectations:IncomeExpectations,IncomeRealizations,andAttitudesTowardsRedistribution”,EDGEJamboree,UniversityofCopenhagen,Cop-enhagen,Denmark,September2014.


“CoordinationandtheFightAgainstTaxHa-vens”,Ph.D.Seminar,UniversityofCopenha-gen,Copenhagen,Denmark,October2014.

“CoordinationandtheFightAgainstTaxHa-vens”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsIV,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandMPIofEconomics,Jena,Octo-ber2014.

Fangfang tan“WhoActsMoreLikeaGameTheorist?GroupandIndividualPlayinaSequentialMarketGameandtheEffectoftheTimeHorizon”,RoyalEconomicSociety,AnnualConference,Cambridge,UK,March2012.

“CanStrategicUncertaintyHelpDeterTaxEvasion?–AnExperimentonAuditingRules”,Deception,IncentivesandBehaviourSymposium,SanDiego,USA,April2012.

“WhoApprovesPunishment?AComparisonofGroupsandIndividualsinSocialDilem-mas”,InternationalESAConference,NewYork,USA,June2012.

“DelegationintheProvisionofGlobalPublicGoods”,MicroWorkshop,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,July2012.

“DelegationintheProvisionofGlobalPublicGoods”,EconomicColloquiaSeminar,UniversityofAmsterdam,Amsterdam,Neth-erlands,August2012.

“WhoApprovesPunishment?AComparisonofGroupsandIndividualsinSocialDilem-mas”,TiberSymposiumonPsychologyandEconomics,Tilburg,Netherlands,August2012.

“DelegationintheProvisionofGlobalPublicGoods”,EconomicsScienceAssociationEuropeanConference,Cologne,September2012.

“DelegationintheProvisionofGlobalPublicGoods”,BehaviouralandExperimentalSemi-nar,UniversityofZurich,Zurich,Switzerland,October2012.

“Third-PartyPunishment:RetributionorDeterrence”,LunchSeminaratETHZürich,Zurich,Switzerland,October2012.

“DelegationintheProvisionofGlobalPublicGoods”,FrankfurtSchoolofFinanceandManagement,Frankfurt,October2012.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,MicroWorkshop,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,October2012.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,October2012.

“DelegationintheProvisionofGlobalPublicGoods”,ESANorthAmericanMeeting,Tuc-son,USA,November2012.

“Third-PartyPunishment:RetributionorDeterrence”,ICESBrownbagLunchSeminar,GeorgeMasonUniversity,WashingtonDC,USA,November2012.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,WorkshoponCon-tests: Experiments and Theory, MPI for Tax LawandPublicFinance,Munich,January2013.

“DelegationintheProvisionofGlobalPublicGoods”,Innsbruck-MunichConferenceonPublicEconomics,UniversityofInnsbruck,Innsbruck,Austria,March2013.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,2013ConferenceonTournaments,ContestsandRelativePer-formanceEvaluation,FresnoCenteroftheUniversityofCalifornia,Fresno,USA,March2013.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,BrownbagLunchSeminaratUniversityofPittsburgh,Pitts-burgh,USA,March2013.


“Third-PartyPunishment:RetributionorDeterrence”,ESIMiniWorkshoponExperi-mentalEconomicsIII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandMPIofEconomics,Jena,April2013.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,ExperimentalEconomicsSeminarSeries,UniversityofCaliforniaatSantaCruz,SantCruz,USA,April2013.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,Seminar,UniversityofSanFrancisco,SanFrancisco,USA,April2013.

“DelegationintheProvisionofGlobalPublicGoods”,IX.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,May2013.

“Third-PartyPunishment:RetributionorDeterrence”,TheBayAreaBehavioralandExperimentalEconomicsWorkshop,Univer-sityofSanFrancisco,SanFrancisco,USA,May2013.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,VCEESeminarSeries,UniversityofVienna,Vienna,Austria,May2013.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,SABESessionattheWesternEconomicAssociationInternationalMeeting,Seattle,USA,June2013.

“JustificationandtheLegitimatePunish-ment”,ESAWorldMeeting,Zurich,Switzer-land,July2013.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,INFORMSAnnualMeeting,Minneapolis,USA,October2013.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,CaliforniaStateUniversityEastBay,Hayward,USA,October2013.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”ESANorthAmericanMeeting,SantaCruz,USA,October2013.

“LibertyandResponsibilityinPolycentricCircles:TheOstromLegacy”,ESANorthAmericanMeeting,SantaCruz,USA,Octo-ber2013.

“DelegationintheProvisionofGlobalPublicGoods”,SeminarPresentation,UniversityofVermont,Burlington,USA,January2014.

“Third-PartyPunishment:RetributionorDeterrence”,SeminarPresentation,Uni-versityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,USA,February2014.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,SeminarPresenta-tion,CaliforniaStateUniversity,SanMarcos,USA,February2014.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,UniversityofBritishColumbia,Vancouver,Canada,April2014.

“‘SuccessBreedsSuccess’or‘PrideGoesBeforeaFall’?IndividualsandTeamsintheBest-of-ThreeContests”,Presentation,Ya-hoo!Labs,Sunnyvale,USA,April2014.

“Third-PartyPunishment:RetributionorDeterrence”,InternationalSocietyofJusticeResearch(ISJR)Meeting,NewYork,USA,June2014.

“DelegationintheProvisionofGlobalPublicGoods”,PET201415thInternationalConfer-enceonPublicEconomics,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,USA,July2014.


iii editorial services

Kai A. KonradCo-editor:Journal of Public Economics.

Associate Editor: CESifo Economic Stud ies.

Associate Editor: Economics of Governance.

Associate Editor: The Geneva Risk and Insur-ance Review.

MemberofEditorialBoard:Journal of Con-flict Resolution.

Associate Editor: Journal of Population Economics.

MemberofEditorialBoard:German Eco-nomic Review.

MemberofEditorialBoard:World Tax Jour-nal.

SeriesCo-editor:Finanzwissenschaftliche Schriften.

Co-editor:Beiträge zur Finanzwissenschaft.

Co-editor:Social Science Research Network/ Max Planck Institute for Tax Law & Public Finance Research Paper Series.

iv Activities and Memberships

sabine AresinMember,EuropeanEconomicAssociation(EEA).

Member,InternationalInstituteofPublicFinance(IIPF).

Anne-Kathrin BrosertElectedPh.D.Representative,from2012-2014.

Member,EuropeanEconomicAssociation(EEA).


Member,VereinfürSocialpolitik(VfS).

Nadja DwengerAffiliate,CESifoResearchNetwork.

Member,AmericanEconomicAssociation(AEA).

InternationalInstituteofPublicFinance(IIPF),Member.

Member,NationalTaxAssociation.


Member,CollaborativeResearchCenter(SFB)Transregio15.

Member,BerlinNetworkofLaborMarketResearch.

ElectedScientificStaffEmployeetotheHumanSciencesSectionandtheScientificCounciloftheMaxPlanckSociety,untilJune2014.

Member,Institute’sCommittee,sinceJuly2014.


may elsayyadMember,EuropeanEconomicAssociation(EEA).



Aart GerritsenMember,EuropeanEconomicAssociation(EEA).


Member,RoyalEconomicSociety(RES).

Member,Institute’sCommittee,sinceJuly2014.

Luisa herbstMember,EconomicScienceAssociation(ESA).


Member,EuropeanEconomicAssociation(EEA),in2013.

Member,InternationalInstituteofPublicFinance(IIPF),in2013.

ElectedMemberoftheInstitute’sCom-mitee,untilJanuary2014.

michael hilmerMember,AmericanEconomicsAssociation(AEA).


ElectedMemberoftheInstitute’sCom-mitee,untilJanuary2014.

erik HornungAffiliate,CESifoResearchNetwork.

ResearchFellow,CAGE(CentreforCompeti-tiveAdvantageintheGlobalEconomy).


Member,AmericanEconomicAssociation(AEA).

Member,EconomicHistoryAssociation(EHA).


Kai A. KonradMemberoftheBerlin-BrandenburgischeAkademiederWissenschaften,since2014.

Member of the Academia Europaea, since 2013.

MemberoftheGermanNationalAcademyofSciencesLeopoldina,since2013.

MemberoftheNationalAcademyofSci-enceandEngineering(acatech),since2012.

HonoraryProfessor,SchoolofBusinessandEconomics,FreieUniversitätBerlin,since2011.

Honorary Professor, Department of Eco-nomics,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,since2009.

WZBFellow,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),since2013.

ResearchProfessor,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),2009–2012.

ResearchProfessor,IfoInstituteMunich,since2002.

ChairmanoftheCouncilofScientificAdvi-sorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance(Wis-senschaftlicherBeiratbeimBundesmini-steriumderFinanzen),2011–2014.

MemberoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,since1999.


MemberoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,KielInstitutefortheWorldEconomy(IfW),Kiel,since2014.

MemberoftheScientificCouncil,Bruegel,since2012.

MemberoftheScientificAdvisoryBoard,Rheinisch-WestfälischesInstitutfürWirtschaftsforschunge.V.(RWI),since2011.

MemberoftheScientificAdvisoryCouncilof the Munich Center of Governance, Com-munication,PublicPolicyandLaw(MCG),2009-2012.

MemberoftheScientificAdvisoryCouncil,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),since2000.

MemberofMaxNetAging,since2009.

InternationalResearchFellow,OxfordUni-versityCentreforBusinessTaxation,since2009.

CESifoAreaDirector,ResearchArea“Em-ploymentandSocialProtection”,since2004.

InternationalAffiliate,CenterfortheStudyofDemocracyatUCI,since2003.

ResearchFellow,InstitutefortheStudyofLabor(IZA),since1999.

CESifoResearchNetworkFellow,since1999.

ResearchFellow,CentreforEconomicPolicyResearch(CEPR),since1994.

MemberoftheBoardofTrustees, ECONWATCH,since2012.

MemberoftheScientificCouncil,Wirtschaftsdienst,since2011.

FoundingMemberofthe“Ökonomen-stimme”,since2010.

MemberoftheBoardoftheResearchProgramme“StrengtheningEfficiencyandCompetitivenessintheEuropeanKnowl-edgeEconomy”(SEEK),CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),since2010.

MemberoftheProject“Anpassungsstrate-gieninderKlimapolitik”,NationalAcademy

ofScienceandEngineering(acatech),2011–2012.

MemberoftheE.ONRuhrgasScholarshipCommittee,2004–2012.

Philipp meyer-BraunsMember,AmericanEconomicAssociation(AEA).


Member,InternationalInstituteforPublicFinance(IIPF).


florian morathAffiliate,CESifoResearchNetwork.

InternationalInstituteofPublicFinance(IIPF),Member



salmai QariMember,InternationalInstituteforPublicFinance(IIPF).


Fangfang tanMember,AmericanEconomicAssociation(AEA).


Member,EconomicScienceAssociation(ESA).

Member,WesternEconomicAssociation(WEA).

Member,RoyalEconomicSociety(RES).


v teaching

sabine AresinClassesfortheLecture“MathematischeMethodenderVWL”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2014/15.

thomas DaskeClassesfortheLecture“AnalysisforCom-puterScience”,TechnischeUniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2011/12.

ClassesfortheLecture“Analysis2”,Techni-scheUniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2012.

ClassesfortheLecture„Spieltheorie“(“GameTheory“),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.


VacationCourse“Analysis2”,TechnischeUniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2013.

ClassesfortheLecture“Analysis1”,Techni-scheUniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2013/14.


VacationCourse“Analysis2”,TechnischeUniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2014.

Nadja DwengerEmpiricalPublicEconomics,LectureandTutorialforMasterandPh.D.Students,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2012.

may elsayyadTutorialfortheLecture“InternationaleFi-nanzpolitik”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.

Luisa herbstClassesfortheLecture“TopicsonInterna-tionalPublicFinance”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.

erik HornungLecture“CultureandInstitutionsinEconom-icHistory”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2014.

Kai A. KonradPh.D.Seminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-Univer-sitätMünchen/MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,WinterTerm2011/12.

Lecture“InternationaleFinanzpolitik”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2011/12.

Ph.D.Seminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-Univer-sitätMünchen/MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,SummerTerm2012.

Lecture“InternationaleFinanzpolitik”,FreieUniversitätBerlin,Berlin,SummerTerm2013.

Lecture“TopicsinInternationalPublicFinance”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.

Ph.D.Seminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-Univer-sitätMünchen/MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.





Lecture“InternationalPublicEconomics”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2014/15.


florian morathLecture“PublicEconomics”,ColumbiaUni-versity,NewYork,USA,SpringTerm2012.

salmai QariLecture“EinführunginverteilungsfreieVerfahren”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2012.

Lecture“EinführunginverteilungsfreieVerfahren”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,SummerTerm2013.

Lecture”Econometrics(Master)”,Hoch-schulefürWirtschaftundRechtBerlin,Berlin,SummerTerm2014

Lecture“EmpiricalEconomicResearchandIntroductoryEconometrics(Bachelor)”,HochschulefürWirtschaftundRechtBerlin,Berlin,SummerTerm2014,WinterTerm2014/15

Lecture“Statistics(Bachelor)”,HochschulefürWirtschaftundRechtBerlin,Berlin,Win-terTerm2014/15.

tim stolperTutorialfortheLecture“InternationalPublicEconomics”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2014/15.

Fangfang tanLecture“BehaviouralEconomics”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.

ClassesfortheLecture“BehavioralEco-nomics”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,WinterTerm2012/13.

Lecture“ExperimentalEconomics”,Univer-sityofCaliforina,SantaCruz,USA,FallTerm2014.

Vi Awards and Prizes

Nadja DwengerBestPaperAwardoftheVereinigungderFreundedesDIWBerline.V.(2500Euro)in2013.

AwardoftheDr.TheoundFriedlSchöllerFoundation(20000Euro)in2013.

SchmöldersPrize2014,grantedtothebestpaperbytheVereinfürSocialpolitik(VfS).

ResearchGrant,ResearchCouncilofNorway(€3700).

may elsayyadIbnKhaldunPrize2012,grantedtoyoungeconomistsbytheMiddleEastEconomicAssociation.

Aart GerritsenNominatedfortheKVS-medalforthebestPh.D. thesis in Economics, awarded every threeyearsbytheRoyalDutchSocietyforEconomics2014.

erik HornungPrizeforYoungAcademicsoftheLeibnizAssociationin2013.

Kai A. Konrad ElectedasaMembertotheNationalAcad-emyofScienceandEngineering(acatech)in2012.


ElectedasaMembertotheGermanNation-alAcademyofSciencesLeopoldinain2013.

ElectedasaMembertotheAcademiaEuro-paeain2013.

ElectedasaMembertotheBerlin-Branden-burgischeAkademiederWissenschaftenin2014.

Harald LangAlumniPrizeforYoungEconomistsoftheMüchnerVolkswirteAlumni-Clube.Vin2013.

salmai QariOfferforaProfessorshipinMathematicalEconomicsandQuantitativeMethods,BerlinSchoolofEconomicsandLaw,in2013(declined).

OfferforaProfessorshipinEconometrics,BerlinSchoolofEconomicsandLaw,in2013(accepted).

E.ONmobilitygrantforaresearchvisittoDepartmentofEconomics,NorwegianBusi-nessSchool(BI),Oslo,Norwayin2014.

vii Habilitation and ph.D. projects

Kai A. Konrad

1.HabilitationThesesDr. Nadja Dwenger:InstitutionalFrameworkandIndividualResponse–NewPerspectivesonPublicFinance.

Aart Gerritsen: EssaysinPublicEconomics.

Dr. erik Hornung: EssaysinPublicEconomics.

Dr. Florian Morath: EssaysinPublicEco-nomics. 2. Ph.D. Theses

Sabine Aresin: EssaysinPublicFinance.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert: EssaysinPublicFinance.

Kai Brückerhoff: EssaysinPublicFinance.

thomas Daske: EssaysinPublicFinance.

May elsayyad: FightingTaxHavensandCli-mateChange,November2012(completed).

Luisa Herbst: Essays on Contests Experi-ments.

Michael Hilmer: TaxingManager’sBonuses:EssaysontheImplicationsofBonusTaxa-tion.

Harald Lang: EssaysinPublicFinance.

philipp Meyer-Brauns: EssaysinPublicandCorporateFinance,January2015(com-pleted).

Rhea Molato: DifferencesinthePublicSec-tor:EssaysonSecessionThreatsandWageDifferentials.

Sven Arne Simon: EssaysinPublicFinance.

tim Stolper:EssaysinPublicFinance.

Salmai Qari: TaxAvoidance,HouseholdFor-mationandInequality,June2012(completed).


i events of the Department

1. Conferences and other events V.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,10-11January2012.

7thFFFStipend-Research-Workshop,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Ber-lin,1February2012.

WorkshoponEmpiricalMethodsinPublicFinance,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,15-16March2012.

III.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Schliersee,6-8May2012.

VI.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,23May2012.

WorkshoponTaxationandRedistribution,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,6June2012.

8thFFFStipend-Research-Workshop,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Ber-lin,22June2012.

Munich-Tokyo-ConferenceonFederalPublicEconomics,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,September2012.

VII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,13September2012.

ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,22-23October2012.

TheEndofFederalism?,Conference,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Ber-lin,29-30October2012.

ShapingtheFiscalInstitutionsofEurope,Conference,FederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,21November2012.

WorkshoponContests:ExperimentsandTheory,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,9-10January2013.

Innsbruck-MunichConferenceonPublicEco-nomics,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,andUniversityofInnsbruck,Innsbruck,Austria,12March2013.

TaxingMultinationals:TheInternationalAllocationoftheTaxBase,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,OxfordUniversityCentreforBusinessTaxation,SaïdBusinessSchool,Oxford,UK,18March2013.

VIII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,20-21March2013.

ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsIII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandMPIofEconomics,Jena,8-9April2013.

ÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkono-mieI,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFrey,Schliersee,12-14May2013.

IX.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,13-14August2013.

IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,23-24September2013.

AdvancesonthePoliticalEconomyofCon-flictandRedistributionII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,SocialScienceResearchCenter(WZB),NorwegianCentreofExcel-lenceonEquality,SocialOrganization,andPerformanceattheUniversityofOslo,Ber-lin,28-29October2013.

c eveNtS, coNveNtioNS, AND coMMitteeS


TaxComplianceinFieldandLaboratoryExperiments,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,4-5November2013.

X.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,26-27November2013.

WorkshoponUnderstandingTaxHavens,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,22-23January2014.

XI.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,18-19March2014.

WorkshoponÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkonomieII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFreyandMarcelThum,Munich,17-18June2014.

XII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,8-9July2014.

WorkshoponContestTheoryandPoliticalCompetition,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,4-5September2014.

ESI-MiniWorkshoponExperimentalEco-nomicsIV,MPIforTaxLawandPublicEco-nomicsandMPIofEconomics,Jena,21-22October2014.

Innsbruck-MunichConferenceonPublicEconomicsII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicEconomicsandUniversityofInnsbruck,Innsbruck,Austria,27October2014.

MGSEOpenDayEvent,MPIforTaxLawandPublicEconomics,Munich,5November2014.

XIII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicEco-nomics,Munich,11-12November2014.

2. mPi Lecture series Bruno Jeitziner,Professor,UniversityofFreiburg,SteuerpolitikimSpannungsfeldderInteressen,17January2012.

Bruno s. frey,Professor,UniversityofZurich,Switzerland,GlücksforschungundManipulationsprinzip,21May2012.

Robin Boadway,Professor,Queen’sUniver-sity,Canada,TaxPolicyforthe21stCentury:LessonsfromtheMirrleesandHenryRe-views,10July2012.

Dr. Dr. Christoph m. schmidt, Profes-sor,Rheinisch-WestfälischesInstitutfürWirtschaftsforschung,Wachstum,Wohlstand,Lebensqualität:ErgebnissederBundestags-Enquete,28May2013.

thomas A. Gresik,Professor,UniversityofNotreDame,USA,TheEconomicImplica-tionsofChoosingBetweenSeparateAc-countingandFormulaApportionment,10July2013.

Jan K. Brueckner,Professor,UniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,USA,NegativeCam-paigninginaProbabilisticVotingModel,11September2013.

Dr. Ronnie Schöb,Professor,FreieUniver-sitätBerlin,Geldmachtdochglücklich!DieökonomischeGlücksforschungaufdemPrüfstand,15July2014.

Dr. michael Ahlheim,Professor,UniverstitätHohenheim,TheEconomicValuationofEnvironmentalImprovementsandtheRoleofEthnicityandCulture–AnExamplefromSouthwestChina,5August2014.


3. Guest Lectures Carlo Prato,NorthwesternUniversity,USA,DynamicPoliticalDistortionsunderAlterna-tiveConstitutionalSettings,31January2012.

Raphael Parchet,UniversitédeLausanne,Switzerland,CultureandTaxesTowardsIdentifyingTaxCompetition,31January2012.

niels Johannesen,UniversityofCopenha-gen,Denmark,TheEndofBankSecrecy?AnEvaluationoftheG20TaxHavenCrackdown,22February2012.

pohan Fong,CityUniversityofHongKong,China,AgendaSettingwithEndogenousAgendaSetters,14May2012.

Bob chirinko,UniversityofIllinoisatChi-cago,USA,TaxCompetitionamongU.S.States:RacingtotheBottomorRidingonaSeesaw?,15May2012.

Andreas Nicklisch,UniversityofHamburg,Transparency&Accountability:SubstitutesorComplements?,21June2012.

trond e. olsen,NorwegianSchoolofEco-nomics,Norway,IncentiveProvisionwhenContractingisCostly?,25July2012.

Ami Glazer,Professor,UniversityofCalifor-niainIrvine,USA,Profit-MaximizingNon-GovernmentalOrganizations,6March2013.

Jenny simon,StockholmSchoolofEconom-ics,Sweden,ImperfectFinancialMarketsasa Commitment Device for the Government, 20March2013.

Luca salvadori,UniversityofBarcelona,Spain,EmpiricalEvidenceonHorizontalCompetitioninTaxEnforcement,21March.

Raul fabella,Professor,UPSchoolofEconomics,Philippines,TheRobustNashEquilibriumandEquilibriumSelectioninCoordinationGames,29May2013.

Luca Corazzini,AssociatedProfessor,Uni-versityofPadova,Italy,TooManyCharities?InsightsfromanExperimentwithMultiplePublicGoodsandContributionTresholds,13August2013.

thomas moutos,Professor,AthensUni-versityofEconomicsandBusiness,Greece,Monopoly,GovernmentInefficiency,andPublicProvisionofPrivateGoods,13August2013.

Aart Gerritsen,ErasmusUniversityRotter-dam,Netherlands,OptimalTaxationwhenPeopleDoNotMaximizeWell-Being,13August2013.

Dr. Axel Möhlmann,LeibnizUniversitätHannover,TheReturnonTaxPreparationExpenses,14August2013.

Pierre Boyer,JuniorProfessor,UniversityofMannheim,Efficiency,Welfare,andPoliticalCompetition,14August2013.

Dr. Loukas Balafoutas,Professor,UniversityofInnsbruck,Austria,TheHiddenCostsofTaxEvasion,26November2013.

Dr. James Rockey,AssistantProfessor,Uni-versityofLeiceister,UnitedKingdom,PartyFormationandCompetition,27November2013.

Dr. sabine flamand,NovaSchoolofBusi-nessandEconomics,Portugal,PartialDe-centralisationasaWaytoAvoidSecessionistConflict,27November2013.

Ayse Gül Mermer,Ph.D.,UniversityofTilburg,Netherlands,ContestswithExpecta-tion-BasedLoss-AversePlayers,15January2014.

Dr. Kiryl Khalmetski,UniversityofFrankfurt,TheHiddenValueofLying:EvasionofGuiltinExpertAdvice,15January2014.

irem Guceri,UniversityofOxford,UK,TaxIncentivesandR&D:AnEvaluationofthe2002UKReformUsingMicroData,15Janu-ary2014.

Pierre Boyer,Ph.D.,UniversityofMann-heim,WelfareProgramsandMotivationBiasofSocialWorkers,18March2014.


Dr. Rafael Aigner,MPIforCollectiveGoods,TaxingWallStreet:Thecaseofboringbank-ing,18March2014.

Rajshri Jayaraman, Ph.D., Professor, Europe-anSchoolofManagementandTechnology,Productiveresponsetoacontractchange,18March2014.

Dr. Regine oexl,UniversityofInnsbruck,Austria,DistributionalPreferenceTypesandEgoDepletion,19March2014.

sven Arne simon,UniversityofMannheim,SeminarTalksonFinancialDevelopmentandEconomicGrowth,24April2014.

Susanne Wildgruber,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,SeminarTalkonFinancialSectorDevelopmentinLatinAmerica-theInfluenceofPoliticalFactors,20May2014.

Steeve Mongrain,Professor,SimonFraserUniversity,Canada,Crime,Wealth,andProtection:TheoryandCanadianEvidence,10June2014.

Vai-Lam mui,Professor,MonashUniversity,Australia,IdentityandCooperationintheInter-GroupPrisoner’sDilemma,10June2014.

Wolfgang Leininger, Professor, Technische UniversitätDortmund,AsymmetricLotteryContestswithHeterogeneousAgentsandtheProvisionofPublicGoods,24June2014.

Dan Kovenock,Professor,ChapmanUni-versity,USA,DynamicBehaviorandPlayerTypesinMajoritarianMulti-BattleContests,26August2014.

Rick van der ploeg,Professor,UniversityofOxford,UK,ClimateTippingandEconomicGrowth:PrecautionarySavingandtheSocialCostofCarbon,19November2014.

Justin valasek,Ph.D.,SocialScienceRe-searchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,Reform-inganInstitutionalCultureofCorruption:CollectiveReputation,Signaling,andPublicSectorMotivation,9July2014.

Dr. Ronnie Schöb,Professor,FreieUniver-sitätBerlin,ClimateChangeandPsychologi-calAdaptation:ABehavioralEnvironmentalEconomicsApproach,10July2014.

David Agrawal,Ph.D.,Professor,UniversityofGeorgia,USA,StateTaxDifferentials,Cross-borderCommuting,andCommutingTimesinMulti-StateMetropolitanAreas,10July2014.

Dr. Rupert Sausgruber,Professor,Univeristy,ofVienna,Austria,ExperimentalEvidenceonMotivationalGenderSortingintoJobs,11-12November2014.

Dr. nils aus dem moore,Rheinisch-West-fälischesInstitutfürWirtschaftsforschung,TaxesandCorporateFinancingDecisions–EvidencefromtheBelgianACEReform,11-12November2014.

Blake Allison,UniversityofCalifornia,USA,DoPlayersPrefertoBargainNon-cooper-ativelyintheShadowofConflict?,11-12November2014.

Dr. Bettina Klose,UniversityofZurich,Switzerland,ModeratingAlliances,11-12November2014.


4. ph.D. Lecturesmichael hilmer,BonusesandLimitedDe-ductibility,18January2012.

thomas Daske(withMauritzvonEinem),ProfitShiftingandTaxCompetition,28February2012.

Luisa herbst,AlliancesinThree-PartyCon-tests,4April2012.

michael hilmer,IncentiveContractingunderLimitedLiabilityandLimitedDeduct-ibilityofBonuses,4April2012.

sabine Aresin,CrossBorderAbatementanditsWelfareEffects,2May2012.

sabine Aresin,CrossBorderAbatementanditsWelfareEffects,ProgressReport,20June2012.

thomas Daske,PublicGoodsandRefer-ence-groupDependentSocialPreferences,20June2012.

Luisa herbst,WhentheWeakStandToge-therandtheStrongStandAlone–OnAlli-anceFormationinContests,3July2012.

michael hilmer,FiscalTreatmentofMana-gerialCompensation–aWelfareAnalysis,3July2012.

Michael Hilmer,FiscalTreatmentofMana-gerialCompensation–aWelfareAnalysis,ProgressReport,13August2012.

thomas Daske,FriendsandFoesatWork:AssigningTeamsinaSocialNetwork,5Sep-tember2012.

Michael Hilmer,FiscalTreatmentofMana-gerialCompensation–aWelfareAnalysis,ProgressReport,1October2012.

thomas Daske,FriendsandFoesatWork:AssigningTeamsinaSocialNetwork,Pro-gressReport,7November2012.

Luisa herbst,ResearchIdeaonAllianceDeterrence,18December2012.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert,TheNouveauxRiches,OldMoneyandConspicuousCon-sumption,15January2013.

thomas Daske,FriendsandFoesatWork:AssigningTeamsinaSocialNetwork,Pro-gressReport,15January2013.

Philipp meyer-Brauns,MultitaskinginCor-porateTaxEvasion,15January2013.

Rhea molato,ConditionalCashTransfersandHouseholdConsumptioninthePhilip-pines,6February2013.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert,TheNouveauxRich-es,OldMoneyandConspicuousConsump-tion,ProgressReport,19February2013.

Philipp meyer-Brauns,FinancialContractingwithTaxEvaders,ProgressReport,16April2013.

Philipp meyer-Brauns,FinancialContractingwithTaxEvaders,ProgressReport,30April2013.

Luisa herbst,DoestheBalanceofPowerMatterforResourceWastefulConflict?,30April2013.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert,OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrunhilde’sMarriageDilemma,22May2013.

Harald Lang,ThePoliticalEconomyofReform–OpaquePolicyDecisionsandInfor-mationLobbying,22May2013.

thomas Daske,WhyApplaudwhenOthersSucceed?ASocialNetworkApproachtotheCausesofAwards,26June2013.

Rhea molato,TheEconomicCostofSeces-sionistConflictinthePhilippines,9July2013.

michael hilmer,InternationalCorporateIncomeTaxationwithTaxSparing,17July2013.

Philipp meyer-Brauns,FinancialContractingwithTaxEvaders,ProgressReport,17July2013.

sabine Aresin,FirmCharacteristicsandtheCDMDecision,20August2013.

Rhea molato,TheEconomicCostofSeces-sionistConflictinthePhilippines,ProgressReport,20August2013.


Luisa herbst,EndogenousGroupFormationinExperimentalContests–ProgressReport,10September2013.

michael hilmer,TooManytoFail–HowBonusTaxationPreventsGamblingforBail-outs,10September2013.

Harald Lang,WhenDoGovernmentsRepaytheirDebts?,10September2013.

philipp Meyer-Brauns,FinancialContract-ingwithTaxEvaders,ProgressReport,10September2013.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert,OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrunhilde’sMarriageDilemma,ProgressReport,25September2013.

thomas Daske,WorkIncentivesandOther-RegardingPreferences–TheRoleofUncertaintyabouta(Co-)Worker’sType,25September2013.

Rhea molato,PublicDebtandtheThreatofSecession,25September2013.

tim stolper,TheRoleofCustomerCoordi-nationintheFightAgainstTaxHavens,25September2013.

Luisa herbst,Pre-InvestmentandBargainingintheShadowofConflict,21October2013.

michael hilmer,TooManytoFail–HowBonusTaxationPreventsGamblingforBail-out,ProgressReport,21October2013.

tim stolper,CoordinationandtheFightAgainstTaxHavens,21October2013.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert, Conspicuous Con-sumptionandTaxEvasion,20November2013.

Harald Lang,Hirschman’sTunnelEffect:Ex-perimentalEvidence,20November2013.

Philipp meyer-Brauns,OptimalAuditingwithOverconfidentTaxpayers,20November2013.

Rhea molato,TheEconomicCostofSeces-sionistConflictinthePhilippines,ProgressReport,20November2013.

Luisa herbst,BalanceofPowerandtheProbabilityofWar,5December2013.

sabine Aresin,CompetitionandtheCleanDevelopmentMechanism,18December2013.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert, Conspicuous Con-sumptionandTaxEvasion,ProgressReport,18December2013.

thomas Daske,HawksandDovesRevis-ited–ExAnteOptimalLaborContractsforOther-RegardingAgents,14January2014.

michael hilmer,TooManytoFail–HowBonusTaxationPreventsGamblingforBail-outs,14January2014.

tim Stolper, CoordinationandtheFightagainstTaxHavens,14January2014.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert, Conspicuous Con-sumptionandTaxEvasion,28January2014.

Luisa Herbst,BalanceofPowerandtheProbabilityofWar,28January2014.

thomas Daske, HawksandDovesRevis-ited–ExAnteOptimalLaborContractsforOther-RegardingAgents,4February2014.

michael hilmer,TooManytoFail–HowBonusTaxationPreventsGamblingforBail-outs,4February2014.

Sabine Aresin,ImportRestrictionsonEmis-sionCreditsfromtheCDM,12February2014.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert, Conspicuous ConsumptionandTaxEvasion,12February2014.

Harald Lang, Hirschman’sTunnelEffect–Ex-perimentalEvidence,12February2014.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert, Conspicuous Con-sumptionandTaxEvasion,ProgressReport,27February2014.

Sabine Aresin,ImportRestrictionsonEmis-sionCredits,ProgressReport,24March2014.


Anne-Kathrin Bronsert, OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrunhilde’sMarriageStrategy,ProgressReport,24March2014.

Harald Lang,Hirschman’sTunnelEffect–ExperimentalEvidence,ProgressReport,24March2014.

tim Stolper,CoordinationandtheFightagainstTaxHavens,ProgressReport,24March2014.

Luisa Herbst, BargainingwithPre-Invest-ments:Literature,8April2014.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert, Conspicuous Con-sumptionandTaxEvasion,ProgressReport,22April2014.

Luisa Herbst, EndogenousGroupFormation:In-GroupFavoritism,22April2014.

michael hilmer,VoluntaryTaxDisclosure,22April2014.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert Conspicuous Con-sumptionandTaxEvasion,Progress-Report,6May2014.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert,OldMoney,theNouveauxRichesandBrunhilde’sMarriageStrategy,21May2014.

tim Stolper,HeterogeneousBenefitsfromFightingTaxHavens,21May2014.

Michael Hilmer, Bailout,BonusesandBank-ers’Short-Termism,21May2014.

thomas Daske, HawksandDovesRevis-ited–ExAnteOptimalLaborContractsforOther-RegardingAgents,3June2014.

Luisa Herbst,EndogenousGroupFormation:Revision,24June2014.

Harald Lang, Hirschman’sTunnelEffect–ExperimentalEvidence,ProgressReport,24June2014.

thomas Daske,HowOther-RegardingAgentsShareRiskEfficiently,15July2014.

Harald Lang, Hirschman’sTunnelEffect–ExperimentalEvidence,ProgressReport,28July2014.

Sabine Aresin,OptimalImportQuotasforCERs,19August2014.

thomas Daske, ParentalUpbringingandTaxMorale,3September2014.

Anne-Kathrin Bronsert, Conspicuous Con-sumptionandTaxEvasion,15September2014.

Harlad Lang, AGlanceintotheTunnel–Be-liefsvs.Relative-IncomeConsiderations,1October2014.

thomas Daske, ParentalUpbringingandTaxMorale,24November2014.

Luisa Herbst,BalanceofPower:AdditionalTreatments,24November2014.

Harald Lang, AGlanceintotheTunnel–Beliefsvs.Relative-IncomeConsiderations–NewSessions–,11December2014.


ii participation at conferences, congresses, and conventions

2012DieZukunftderEnergieversorgung:Atomaustieg,VersorgungssicherheitundKlimawandel,BayerischeAkademiederWissenschaften,Munich,January2012(Aresin).

VerfassungsrechtlicheProblemederEuro-Rettung,Prof.Dr.DietrichMurswiek,MunichSeminars,CESifoGroup,Munich,January2012(Konrad).

V.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,January2012(Bronsert, Dwenger, elsayyad, Grijalva, Herbst, Hilm-er, Ke, Konrad, Meyer-Brauns, Qari, tan).

7thFFFStipend-Research-Workshop,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Ber-lin,February2012(Konrad).

FinancialCrisisinEurope,NorwegianSchoolofEconomics(NHH)andE.ONRuhrgasScholarshipProgram,Bergen,Norway,March2012(Konrad).

WorkshoponEmpiricalMethodsinPublicFinance,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,March2012(Aresin, Bron-sert, Daske, Dwenger, elsayyad, Herbst, Hilmer, Ke, Molato).

DieRollerderKernfusionimEnergiemixderZukunft,Prof.Dr.SibylleGünter,MunichSeminars,CESifoGroup,Munich,April2012(Aresin).

ESP2012,CESifoAreaConference2012,CESifoGroup,Munich,April2012(hilmer).

III.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Schliersee,May2012(Aresin, Bronsert, Daske, Dwenger, elsayyad, Herbst, Hilmer, Ke, Konrad, Qari, tan).

2012HenryA.KissingerPrize,HonoringGeorgeP.Shultz,TheAmericanAcademyinBerlin,Berlin,May2012(Konrad).

Celebrationofthe20th Anniversary of EC Tax Review-FiscalSovereignty,EuropeanAs-sociationofTaxLawProfessors,Rotterdam,Netherlands,May2012(Konrad).

MunichEconomicSummit2012,BMWStiftungHerbertQuandt,Munich,May2012(Dwenger, Konrad).

SteuergesetzgebungundSteuersystematik,SymposiumzuEhrenvonHerrnMiniste-rialdirigentenEckehardSchmidt,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,May2012(Konrad).

TaxCompetitionamongU.S.States:RacingtotheBottomorRidingonaSeesaw?BobChirinko(UniversityofIlliniosatChicago),MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,May2012(Konrad).

VI.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,January2012(Aresin, Bron-sert, Dwenger, Frey, Grijalva, Ke, Konrad, Meyer-Brauns, Molato, tan).

8thFFFStipend-Research-Workshop,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Ber-lin,June2012 (Konrad).

BaselIIIundESRB–kannsomehrFinanz-marktstabilitäterreichtwerden?,ECON-WATCH,Berlin,June2012(Konrad).

VerleihungderWürdeeinesEhrensenatorsimEuropäischenWirtschaftsforume.V.(EwiF)anProf.Dr.Dres.h.c.PaulKirchhof,UnionMittelständischerUnternehmen(UMU),Munich,June2012(Konrad).

WorkshoponTaxationandRedistribution,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,June2012(Aresin, Bronsert, Daske, el-sayyad, Herbst, Hilmer, Ke, Konrad, Molato, Qari, tan).

WorkshopNaturalExperimentsandCon-trolledFieldStudies,HolzhausenamAm-mersee,June2012(Aresin).

CreatingMoralWiggleRoom:StrategiestoAvoidAccountabilityforUnfairBehaviour,Prof.BjörnBartling,CESLectures,CESifoGroup,Munich,July2012(tan).


IntangiblesandTransferPricing,Interdis-ciplinaryConference,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2012(Daske).

TopicsintheDesignandAnalysisofExperi-ments,Prof.DanielHouser,CESLectures,CESifoGroup,Munich,July2012(tan).

PublicFinancesandtheNewEconomicGov-ernance, 2ndPublicFinanceDialogue,HertieSchoolofGovernance/FederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,August2012(Konrad).

ConfermentoftheM100SanssouciMediaAwardtoMarioDraghi,WhatKindofEu-rope?LearningfromtheCrisis,Potsdam,September2012(Konrad).

Munich-Tokyo-ConferenceonFederalPublicEconomics,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,September2012(Aresin, Bronsert, Daske, Herbst, Hilmer, Meyer-Brauns, Molato).

VII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,September2012(Bronsert, Daske, elsayyad, Herbst, Hilmer, Konrad, Meyer-Brauns, Molato, tan).

ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicEconomics,Munich,October2012(Aresin, Bronsert, Daske, elsayyad, Herbst, Hilmer, Konrad, Lang, Morath, Stolper).

Modekrankheit:Verdrossenheit,Haupt-stadtsalon,Berlin,October2012 (Konrad).

11.FinanzwissenschaftlichesSeminar,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Ber-lin,November2012(Konrad).

ConferenceonTheEndofFederalism?,So-cialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,October2012(Konrad, Molato, Qari).

Abschieds-undAntrittsvorlesungKlaus-DirkHenkeundProf.Dr.MarcoRunkel,Techni-scheUniversitätBerlin,Berlin,November2012(Konrad).

GenderEqualityandDevelopment,Prof.EstherDuflo,MunichLecturesinEconom-ics,CESifoGroup,Munich,November2012 (Konrad, Lang, Stolper).

MPG-CASSConferenceonPerspectivesofCooperation,AdministrativeHeadquartersoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,Novem-ber2012(Konrad).

ArbeitsmarktpolitikfürDeutschland–15JahreIZA,Jubilee,InstitutefortheStudyofLabor(IZA),Berlin,December2012(Kon-rad).

DerEuro:ProblemeundLösungsmöglich-keiten,Prof.Dr.StefanHomburg,MunichSeminars,CESifoGroup,Munich,December2012(Aresin).

StaatsschuldeninderDemokratie:Ur-sachen,WirkungenundGrenzen,GermanNationalAcademyofScience(Leopoldina)andFreieUniversitätBerlin,Berlin,Decem-ber2012(Konrad).

WievielVertrauenverdientderEuro?Prof.Dr.ManfredJ.M.Neumann,MunichSemi-nars,CESifoGroup,Munich,December2012(Aresin).


2013Wohlstandfüralle?LangfristigeWirtschafts-entwicklungausglobalerSicht,Prof.Dr.UweSunde,InauguralLecture,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,January2013(Konrad).

WorkshoponContests:ExperimentsandTheory,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,January2013(Aresin, Bronsert, Daske, Dwenger, elsayyad, Herbst, Hilmer, Konrad, Lang, Meyer-Brauns, Qari, stolper).

WorkshoponPublicEconomicsandPublicPolicy,UniversityofCopenhagen,Copenha-gen,Denmark,January(Dwenger).

50JahreSachverständigenrat(1963-2013),TheGermanCouncilofScientificExperts,Berlin,February2013(Konrad).

CeremonialActattheOccasionoftheHandoverofthePresidentialOffice,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,February2013 (Konrad).

SteuerpolitikimUmfeldneuerFiskalin-stitutionenundAbstimmungsverfahren,PAKTProject,Mannheim,February2013(Dwenger).

CESifoAreaConferenceonMacro,MoneyandInternationalFinance,CESifo,Munich,February2013(Konrad, Lang).

V.MunichEconomicSummitLecture:Al-ternativenzurTransferunion,IfoundBMWStiftung,HotelBayerischerHof,Munich,March2013(Aresin, Hilmer, Lang).

VIII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2013(Aresin, Bronsert, Dwenger, elsayyad, Herbst, Kon-rad, Lang, Molato, Stolper).

Innsbruck-MunichConferenceonPublicEconomics,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,UniversityofInnsbruck,Austria,Innsbruck,March2013(Konrad).

TaxingMultinationals:TheInternationalAllocationoftheTaxBase,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,OxfordUniversity

CentreforBusinessTaxation,SaïdBusinessSchool,Oxford,UK,March2013(Bronsert, Hilmer, Konrad, Meyer-Brauns, Morath, stolper).

CESifoAreaConferenceonPublicSectorEconomics,CESifo,Munich,April2013(Lang).

CorporateTaxation–theNextBuildingBlockofaFutureFiscalUnion?,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mann-heim,RepresentationoftheStateofBaden-WürttembergtotheEuropeanUnion,Brus-sels,Belgium,April2013(Hilmer).

ESIMiniWorkshoponExperimentalEconomicsIII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandMPIofEconomics,Jena,April2013(Herbst).

RichardMusgraveLecturebyJoelB.Slem-rod,Munich,April2013(Hilmer, Lang, stolper).

TaxCompliance,InternationalFiscalAsso-ciation(IFA),MunichRe,Munich,April2013(Hilmer).

CESifoAreaConferenceonEmploymentandSocialProtection,CESifoGroup,Munich,May2013(Bronsert, Dwenger, Konrad).

ÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkono-mieI,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFrey,Schliersee,May2013(Aresin, Bronsert, Herbst, Lang, Molato, Stolper).

BaseErosionandProfitShifting–WelcheIn-strumentewerdenbenötigt?,InternationalFiscalAssociation(IFA),Deloitte&Touche,Munich,June2013(Hilmer, Stolper).

DieEuropäischeSchuldenkrise–dieRollevonFreiheitundVerantwortung,LectureProf.KaiA.Konrad,MunichSeminars,CESifoGroupandSüddeutscheZeitung,Munich,June2013(Bronsert, Hilmer, Stolper).

MünchnerVolkswirteAlumniClube.V.Jahresfestveranstaltung,Munich,June2013(Lang).

WorkshopNaturalExperimentsandControlledFieldStudies,Holzhausenam


Ammersee,June2013(Aresin, Dwenger, herbst).

BarcelonaBankingSummerSchool,Barce-lonaGraduateSchoolofEconomics,Barce-lona,Spain,July2013(Lang).

FinanzwissenschaftlichesForschungssemi-nar,IfoInstitute,Munich,July2013(Hilmer, Lang).

NationalBureauofEconomicResearch(NBER)SummerInstitute,Cambridge,USA,July2013(Dwenger).

RechnenmitdemScheitern:IndividuelleundkollektiveStrategieninungewissenZeiten,ConvocoForum2013,Salzburg,Aus-tria,July2013(Konrad).

IX.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,August2013(Aresin, Bronsert, Daske, Dwenger, Herbst, Hilmer, Konrad, Lang, Meyer-Brauns, Molato, Mor-ath, Qari, Stolper).

ReadingWorkshop“SuccessfulCandidatesontheUSJobMarket”,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,August2013(Stolper).

IV.StaffRetreat,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Kreuth,September2013(Bronsert, Daske, Herbst, Konrad, Molato, tan).

Munich-Sydney-ConferenceontheLawandEconomicsofTaxation,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,September2013 (Aresin, Bronsert, Daske, Dwenger, Herbst, Hilmer, Lang, Meyer-Brauns, Molato, Mor-ath, Stolper, tan).

AdvancesonthePoliticalEconomyofConflictandRedistributionII,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,Octo-ber2013(Herbst, Konrad, Morath, tan).

CESifoAreaConferenceonBehaviouralEconomics2013,CESifo,Munich,October2013(Lang).

8thYoungResearchersWorkshop,SFB/TR15,Munich,November2013(Herbst).

2ndMaxPlanckEuropeanPostdoctoralConference on Tax Law, MPI for Tax Law and

PublicFinance,Munich,November2013(Bronsert, Dwenger).

X.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,November2013(Bronsert, Daske, Dwenger, Herbst, Hilmer, Konrad, Lang, Meyer-Brauns, Molato, Morath, Qari, stolper).

17thConferenceoftheSFB/TR15Govern-anceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSys-tems,Tutzing,November2013 (Herbst).

Celebrationofthe32th Munich Lectures, CESifoGroup,Munich,November2013(Konrad).

EvaluationZEW-Unternehmensbesteuerung,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,November2013(Kon-rad).

TaxComplianceinFieldandLaboratoryExperiments,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2013(Bronsert, Daske, Gerritsen, Herbst, Hilmer, Hornung, Konrad, Meyer-Brauns, Molato, Morath, Qari, Stolper, tan).

Norwegian-GermanSeminaronPublicEco-nomics,CESifoandtheNorwegianCenterforTaxation,Munich,November2013(Ger-ritsen).

TaxingMultinationalFirms,CentreforEuro-peanEconomicResearch(ZEW),UniversityofMannheimandOxfordUniversityCentreforBusinessTaxation,Mannheim,Novem-ber2013(Dwenger, Hilmer, Hornung, stolper).

TheLongShadowofHistory–MechanismsofPersistenceinEconomicsandtheSocialSciences,CentreforBusinessTaxation, Mannheim,November2013(Hornung).

ThirdCREAConferenceTalkonEconomics–MonetaryPolicyandGlobalCapitalMarkets–NewPerspectives,NewOpportunities,NewDangers,UniversityofLuxembourg,Luxembourg,November2013(Lang).

12.FinanzwissenschaftlicherWorkshop,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,December2013(Konrad).


2014ConferenceonBaseErosionandProfitShift-ing:ARoadmapforReform,InternationalNetworkforTaxResearchandMPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,January2014 (Konrad).

WorkshoponUnderstandingTaxHavens,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinanceandNorwegianSchoolofEconomics,Munich,January2014(Aresin, Bronsert, Daske, Dwenger, elsayyad, Gerritsen, Herbst, Hilm-er, Hornung, Konrad, Lang, Meyer-Brauns, Molato, Morath).

StreitgesprächzurZukunftderEurozone,FreieUniversitätBerlin,Berlin,January2014(Konrad).

CESifoSpanish-GermanEconomicDialogue,CESifoGroup,Munich,February2014(Lang).

SitzungderBundesarbeitsgruppeStaatsfi-nanzen,WirtschaftsratderCDUe.V.,Berlin,February2014 (Konrad).

WirtschaftspolitikinDeutschland:SpielenParteieneineRolle?Prof.Dr.NikalsPotrafke,InauguralLecture,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,February2014(Konrad).

WorkingonInsolubleProblems,Prof.BazonBrock,Convocos10thAnniversary,ConvocoFoundation,Berlin,February2014(Konrad).

BerlinBehavioralEconomicsWorkshop,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,March2014(Konrad).

ConferenceonDasReichswirtschaftsmini-steriumimNationalsozialismus,FederalMinistryforEconomicAffairsandEnergy,Berlin,March2014(Konrad).

XI.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,March2014(Aresin, Bronsert, Daske, Gerritsen, Herbst, Hilmer, Hornung, Meyer-Brauns, Molato, Morath, stolper).

2.EnergiepolitischerWorkshop“Bioenergie–WievielEnergiewendewächstaufBaum

undFeld”,IfoInstitute,Munich,April2014(Aresin).

18thConferenceoftheSFB/TR15,Gov-ernanceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSystems,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),UniversitätMannheim,Mann-heim,April2014(Herbst).

CESifoAreaConferenceonPublicSectorEconomics,CESifoGroup,Munich,April2014(Bronsert, Stolper).

RichardMusgraveLecturebyProf.JamesR.Himes,Jr.,CESifo,Munich,April2014(Stolper).

VomÜbeltäterzumUmweltretter:Mitso-zialerMartkwirtschaftalleinistdieUmweltnichtzuretten,Dr.AnselmGörres,MunichSeminars,CESifoGroup,Munich,April2014(Aresin).

4thSEEKConferenceonPublicFinanceandIncomeDistributioninEurope,CenterfortheEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,May2014(Konrad).

CESifoAreaConferenceonEmploymentandSocialProtection,CESifoGroup,Munich,May2014(Konrad).

DieEuropäischeFiskal-undBankenunion,ClemensFuest,MunichSeminars,CESifoGroup,Munich,May2014(Lang).

Lecture about the European Debt Crisis, JerominZettelmeyer,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,May2014(Konrad, Hilmer).

PAKT-Workshop–PaktfürForschungundInnovation,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,May2014(Stolper).

TheInternetasaTaxHaven?TheEffectoftheInternetonTaxCompetition,PublicFinanceandEconomicPolicy–SpecialSeminar,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,May2014(Gerritsen, hilmer).


WorkshoponPoliticalConsultinginGerma-ny:AProfile,Otto-von-Guericke-UniversityMagdeburg,Magdeburg,May2014(Kon-rad).

28thAnnualConferenceoftheEuropeanSocietyforPopulationEconomics,Braga,Portugal,June2014 (Bronsert).

EinBlickaufdieWettbewerbspolitikvonmorgen–inDeutschland,Europaundweltweit,AndreasMundt,MPIforInnova-tionandCompetition,Munich,June2014(Hilmer).

VACJahresfestveranstaltung2014,Münch-nerVolkswirteAlumniClube.V.,Munich,June2014(Lang).

WorkshoponNaturalExperimentsandControledFieldStudies,sponsoredbytheFritz-ThyssenStiftung,theSFB/TR-15,andtheEconomicsDepartmentsoftheUniversi-tiesofMunichandUlm,Ohlstadt,June2014(Aresin).

WorkshoponÖffentlicheFinanzenundPolitischeÖkonomieII,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,JointSeminarwithBrunoFreyandMarcelThum,Munich,17-18June2014(Aresin, Daske, Gerritsen, Hilmer, Hor-nung, Konrad, Lang, Meyer-Brauns, Molato, Morath, Stolper).

WorkshoponPolicyChallengesfortheEuroArea,VillaVigoni,LovenodiMenaggio,Como,Italy,June2014(Konrad).

37thAnnualNBERSummerInstitute,Eco-nomicFluctuationsandGrowth,Cambridge,USA,July2014(Hornung).

AcademiaEuropaea26thAnnualConfer-ence,Institutd’EstudisCatalans,Barcelona,July2014(Konrad).

EinführungzumThema“HyperbolischesDiskontieren”,“Dusollstnicht...–dasUnter-lassenalsdiehöchsteFormdesHandelns”,ConvocoFoundation,Salzburg,Austria,July2014(Konrad).

FinanzwissenschaftlichesForschungssemi-nar,IfoInstitute,Munich,July2014(Hilmer, Lang).

WasistFührung?/Innovationen–NeueForschungsansätze,InnauguralLecture,Prof.Dr.MartinHöglandProf.Dr.DietmarHarhoff,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,July2014(Konrad).

XII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFi-nance,Munich,July2014(Aresin, Bronsert, Daske, Dwenger, Gerritsen, Herbst, Hilmer, Konrad, Lang, Meyer-Brauns, Molato, Mor-ath, Stolper, tan).

3.EnergiepolitischerWorkshop“Bioenergie–WievielEnergiewendewächstaufBaumundFeld”,IfoInstitute,Munich,September2014(Aresin).

5thMeetinginEconomicSciences,LindauNobelLaureatesMeeting,Lindau,August2014(Hornung).

IIPFDoctoralSchoolonInternationalCorpo-rateTaxation,OxfordUniversityCentreforBusinessTaxation,Oxford,UK,September2014(Stolper).

WorkshoponContestTheoryandPoliticalCompetition,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,September2014(Brücker-hoff, Gerritsen, Hornung, Konrad, Lang, morath).

AnnualMeetingoftheSFB/TR15,Govern-anceandtheEfficiencyofEconomicSys-tems,Caputh,October2014(Morath).

CESifoAreaConferenceonBehaviouralEconomics2014,CESifo,Munich,October2014(Lang).

CopenhagenWorkshoponAttentioninEco-nomics,UniverstiyofCopenhagen,Copen-hagen,Denmark,October2014(Stolper).

2ndJointExperimentalWorkshop,UniversityofInnsbruck,Innsbruck,Austria,October2014(Dwenger, Gerritsen, Konrad, Lang, Morath, Simon).

JourFixe,MunichExperimentalLaboratoryforEconomicandSocialSciencesMELESSA,Munich,October2014(Lang).

Joint Conference on The Comprehensive As-sessment,theECB’sNewRoleandLimitsofaCommonSupervisionintheEU,Brussels


ThinkTankBruegel,GermanInstituteforEconomicResearch(DIW),ESMTEuropeanSchoolofManagementandTechnologyandtheJacquesDelorsInstitute,Berlin,October2014(Brückerhoff, Konrad).

MGSEWelcomeDay,MunichGraduateSchoolofEconomics(MGSE),Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,October2014(Konrad).

RethinkingtheGlobalCurrencySystem,Prof.KennethS.Rogoff,MunichLecturesinEco-nomics,CESifoGroup,Munich,November2014(Konrad, Lang).

TheLongShadowofHistory–MechanismsofPersistenceinEconomicsandtheSocialSciences,CenterforAdvancedStudiesandLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen,Munich,November2014(Hornung).

XIII.TaxDay,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,November2014(Aresin, Brückerhoff, Daske, Herbst, Konrad, Lang, Morath, Simon).

13.FinanzwissenschaftlicherWorkshop,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,December2014(Konrad).

LecturebyJoelSlemrod,UniversityofCo-penhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark,Decem-ber2014(Stolper).

TheLawandEconomicsofSovereignDebtandDefault,MituGulatiandLeeC.Buch-heit,CESLecture,CESifoGroup,Munich,December2014(Simon).

iii participation on committees

Nadja DwengerArbeitskreisFinanzwissenschaft,FederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,March2013.

ArbeitskreisFinanzwissenschaft,FederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,March2014.

erik HornungMeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,July2014.

Kai A. Konrad MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,January2012.

MeetingoftheHumanitiesSectionandtheAdvisoryBoardoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,February2012.

MeetingoftheZEWScientificCommittee,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,February2012.

MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,March2012.

SecondMeetingMPIofEconomics,Admin-istrativeHeadquartersoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,March2012.

MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Leipzig,May2012.

AnnualConference,MeetingandSympo-siumoftheHumanitiesSectionoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Düsseldorf,June2012.

MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Cologne,June2012.

MeetingoftheZEWScientificCommittee,CentreforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,June2012.


MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,September2012.

MeetingoftheHumanitiesSectionoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,October2012.

SozialpolitischerAusschuss,SocialScienceResearchCenterBerlin(WZB),Berlin,Octo-ber2012.

CESCouncilMeeting,CenterforEconomicStudies(CES),Munich,November2012.

MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,November2012.

MeetingofthePerspectivesCommissionoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,December2012.

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoardoftheRWI,Essen,November2012.

MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,January2013.

MeetingoftheBoardofTrusteesofECON-WATCH,Berlin,February2013.


MeetingoftheZEWScientificCouncil,Cen-treforEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,February2013.


MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Weimar,April2013.

MeetingofthePerspectivesCommissionoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,April2013.

E.ONRuhrgasScholarshipProgram,Mann-heim,April2013.

AnnualConferenceandMeetingoftheHu-manitiesSectionoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Potsdam,June2013.

StatementbyGermany’sConstitutionalCourtontheECB’sOMTProgramme,Fed-eralConstitutionalCourt,Karlsruhe,June2013.

MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Mainz,July2013.

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,July2013.

WorkingGroupoftheTechnischeUniver-sitätDresden,TenureTrack,Frankfurt,July2013.


MeetingofthePerspectivesCommissionoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Bonn,September2013.

MeetingoftheHumanitiesSectionoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,October2013.

WorkingGroupoftheTechnischeUniver-sitätDresden,TenureTrack,Frankfurt,October2013.

WorkingGroupoftheTechnischeUniver-sitätDresden,TenureTrack,Frankfurt,November2013.


MeetingofthePerspectivesCommissionoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Bonn,December2013.

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoardoftheRheinisch-WestfälischesInstitutfürWirtschaftsforschung(RWI),Essen,Decem-ber2013.

WorkingGroup,NationalAcademyofSci-enceandEngineering(acatech),Berlin,December2013.

MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Berlin,January2014.


MeetingoftheZEWScientificCouncil,CenterfortheEuropeanEconomicResearch(ZEW),Mannheim,February2014.



E.ONRuhrgasMeeting,E.ON,Dresden,April2014.

MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Münster,May2014.

PAKT, Center for the European Economic Research(ZEW),Mannheim,May2014.

AnnualConferenceandMeetingoftheHu-manitiesSectionoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Munich,June2014.

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,July2013.

MeetingoftheCouncilofScientificAdvisorstotheFederalMinistryofFinance,Ham-burg,July2014.

MeetingofthePerspectivesCommissionoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,September2014.

E.ONScholarshipProgram,Berlin,Septem-ber2014.


SABMeeting,KielInstitutefortheWorldEconomy,Kiel,November2014.


SymposiumofGermanNationalAcademyofScienceLeopoldina,Halle/Saale,November2014.

MeetingoftheScientificAdvisoryBoardoftheRheinisch-WestfälischesInstitutfür

Wirtschaftsforschung(RWI),Essen,Novem-ber2014.

CESCouncilMeeting&AreaDirectorsMeeting,CenterforEconomicStudies(CES),Munich,November2014.

WorkingGroup,NationalAcademyofSci-enceandEngineering(acatech),Berlin,December2014.

Harald Lang“ReportonShadowPrices”,AdvisoryAs-signment,EuropeanInvestmentBank(EIB),Luxembourg2013.

MeetingoftheBoardofTrustees,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,July2014.

“ReportonShadowPrices”,AdvisoryAs-signment,EuropeanInvestmentBank(EIB),Luxembourg,2014.

salmai QariDeputyHead,SearchCommitteeforaProfessorshipinStatistics,HochschulefürWirtschaftundRechtBerlin,Berlin,July2014.

Fanfang tanPostdoctoral(SeniorResearchFellow)JobSearchCommittee,MPIforTaxLawandPublicFinance,Munich,January2012.

236 Services

(left to right and front to back): Hendrik Wanger, Sabrina Wittmann, Donika Doqi, Kerstin Gabler, Gabriele Zinczuk, Elfriede Stangl, Cornelia Zimmermann.

ServiceS

237Administration

Focal points and challenges in the years 2012–2014

The Administration looks after all ad-ministrativematters for theMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinanceaswell as for its sister, theMax PlanckInstitute for Innovation and Competi-tion. In this regard the administrativeworkisshoulderedbythreemainunits,human resources, finance (financials,fundsmanagement)andgeneraladmin-istration(includingprocurementandrealestate).

For the Administration, the years 2012and 2013 were predominantly markedbytheexpansionofthesisterInstitutebya third department that focuses on eco-nomics.Thiswas implementedwiththeappointment of Prof. Dietmar Harhoff, Ph.D.on1January2013.

To start with, space had to be found for around 40 extra people, including thejunioracademicstaff.Followingnegotia-tionswiththeGeneralAdministrationoftheMaxPlanckSociety,asectionofthethirdfloorinthebuildinginMarstallplatzwasmadeavailabletoaccommodatethenewDepartment. Additional spacewasleased at Karl-Scharnagl-Ring 7 for theAdministration,theIT-Departmentandanewly established experimental labora-toryusedjointlybyProf.Dr.Kai A. Konrad and Prof. Dietmar Harhoff, Ph.D. for both Institutes. The relocation of the servicedepartmentstookplaceinautumn2013.BothInstitutes,originatingfromthefor-

ADministRAtion

merMPI for IntellectualProperty,Com-petition and Tax Law, are now spreadoverthreelocationsincludingtheservicefacilities(Marstallplatz1,Marstallstrasse8andKarl-Scharnagl-Ring7).TheAdmin-istration’semployeesmettheadditionalworkload with a surge in energy andcommitmentandtookadditionalchargeof, for example, countless procurementmeasures for equipment, coordinationof the renovation works for the roomsandfloors,thetransferofstaffandnewemployees,aswellastheincreaseinrealestate. Due to the separation of workareas, some work processes had to bere-organised.

The new Department was finally fullyintegratedwithin the sister Instituteonitsrenamingfrom“IntellectualPropertyand Competition” to “Innovation andCompetition” at the turn of the year2013/2014.

The Supreme Bavarian Audit Courtperformed an audit of both Institutes’activities in 2013 and 2014. The auditexaminedtheuseof fundsallocatedbytheFederalGovernmentandtheStatesandfocussedoncompliancewithstatu-tory provisions, workplace agreementsandbudgetaryrules.ThefinalreportwasprovidedtobothInstitutesinDecember2014;itledtoasuccessfulfinalisation.

Moreover, a workplace agreement forthedistributionofbonuspaymentsun-der the LoB principles (LoB stands for

238 services

performance-oriented payment) wassigned.

Furthermore, in the reporting periodtherewerenumerouschangestostatu-tory andworkplace agreement laws. InFebruary2014,withretrospectiveeffectfrom1January2014,thenewscheduleforpaymentgradesinGermanpublicser-vicesentered intoforce.Givenchangedjob descriptions and job specificationsin the public service, the law regard-ing payment grades, whichwas in partvery out of date, was comprehensivelymodernised.TheoldBAT(Bundes-Ange-stelltentarifvertrag – Federal EmployeeWorkplace Agreement) job characteris-ticsapplieduntil31December.Whilere-tainingthepaymentgradeusedtodate,theemployeesattheInstituteweresuc-cessfullytransitionedtotheTVÖDBund(TarifvertragfürdenÖffentlichenDienst–GermanFederalWorkplaceAgreementfor the Public Service). Payment grade9 was replaced by payment grades 9aand9b.Thecorrectallocationfortheaf-fectedemployeeshadtobeindividuallyidentifiedineachcase.

The accounting system within theMaxPlanck Society was further developed

in accordance with the requirements of the fondus and the GWK (gemeinsameWissenschaftskonferenz – Joint Aca-demicConference)andalsoleftitsmarkin the Institute’saccounting.Thegoal isto establish an accounting system thatmeetsalltherequirementsofaresearchinstituteandtoprepareanannualreport(preceded by annual financial state-ments) in accordance with commerciallawprinciples,whichcanthenbeauditedbyexternalauditors(todate,byinternalrevision).Therewillnowbeanearningsandcosts-basedbudgetasopposedtoasimplestatementofcashandexpenses.AfurtherfocalpointwithintheaccountingsystemwastheEurope-wideconversiontoIBANandBICforpayments(corecredi-tordata).Aspartofthenewaccountingsystem,thecapitallistofassetsandtheinventorywerealsogivenanewformat.In accordance with the new inventory directiveforthecapitalassetsoftheMaxPlanck Society, in the period from theendofMarch to the endof June 2014,ahugestocktakewascarriedoutat theInstitute. In October 2014 the due andproperimplementationofthenewspeci-ficationswasexaminedandconfirmedbythe revision.

239Administration

Head of Administration

Hendrik Wanger(from01.07.2013)

Bernd Höller (until31.07.2013)

Ulrike Mayer – Assistant to the Head of Administration

Trainees

Donika Doqi (ManagementAssistantforOfficeCommunication), Sinja Koestler (from01.09.2014OfficeManagementAssistant)

Financials

Kerstin Gabler, Elfriede Hurmer, Monika Reeck(until31.12.2014), Cornelia Zimmermann

HumanResources

Petra Schwarz, Elfriede Stangl, Christl Werner (from01.03.2013), Martina Wette(until08.08.2012)

FacilityManagement

Jakica and Zdenko Caganic, Zoltan Pavkovics(from01.05.2014), Manfred Schwarz

TravelAgent

Gabriele Zinczuk

Housing,Cashier’sOffice

Stilla Wenger

CentralPurchasing

Sabrina Wittmann

240 services

it seRViCes

As a part of the common services divi-sion for theMaxPlanck Institute for In-novationandCompetitionand theMaxPlanck Institute for Tax Law and PublicFinance, the IT Department deliverscentral services fordataprocessingandcommunicationforbothInstitutes.

Thefirsthalfof2012wascharacterisedby the work required to conclude themigrationtoWindows7andOffice2010.Institute employees received trainingsinthenewsoftware;theITDepartmentcreated documents for private study and trainingvideosforthispurpose.Inaddi-tion, in2012theESXserverfarmunderVM-Ware was updated to version 5.The storage sub-system was expandedthroughthestronggrowthintheamountof data in the academic divisions. Due to the advanced age of the system theexpansion could only be achieved bymeansofrefurbisheddiscs(andthusalsocost-effectively).

The years 2013 and 2014 deserve par-ticularattentioninthereportingperiod.TheITDepartmentwasparticularlychal-lengedbytherelocationofAdministrationandITtothenewsiteatHofgarten-PalaisonKarl-Scharnagl-Ring,theappointmentof Prof. Dietmar Harhoff, Ph.D. and the associatedcreationofanewdepartmentat theMPI for InnovationandCompeti-tion, and theestablishmentof theMaxPlanck Laboratory for Experimental Re-searchandSocialScienceseconlab.

IT Infrastructure for a new economics-orientiedresearchdepartmentatthesis-ter instituteTheplanningandestablish-ment of the IT infrastructure for the new Departmentat theMaxPlanck InstituteforInnovationandCompetitionbeganin2013.SincethenewDepartmentcoversanentireflooratthesiteatMarstallplatz1,theexistingITinfrastructurehadtobeexpandedsubstantially.

Relocation of the Administration and the it Department

In September 2013, the AdministrationandITDepartmentrelocatedtothenewbuilding at Karl-Scharnagl-Ring 7, andthis was preceded by comprehensive planning regarding the necessary IT in-frastructure. Among otherwork, a new

241it services

server room was established for thelaboratoryserver,theswitchingcompo-nentsandthenewbackupsystem.

Max planck Laboratory for experi-mental Research for social sciences (econlab)

In2013and2014theplanningandestab-lishmentofthe IT infrastructureforthe“MaxPlanck Laboratory for Experimen-tal Research for Social Sciences” (econ-lab)tookplace.Withconsiderationgiventothespecificrequirementsofeconomicscientists,sixworkplacesforlaboratorystaff and 24 laboratory placeswere es-tablished;inadditionaserverfarmwitha “Citrix-Zen” server was installed fortheexperiments.Fortheplanningoftheexperiments “Orsee” software was im-plementedasanadministrativetoolandit was adapted to the requirements of thelaboratoryandaprogrammefortheremotecontrolof the laboratoryplaceswas developed. Furthermore, an Inter-net site for the laboratorywas created(www.econlab.mpg.de).

expansion of the it infrastructure

Attheendof2012,attherequestofthelibrary, anewsolution for thepaymentofdepositsfortheguestprintandcopycardswasdevelopedandimplemented.Inaddition,inthesecondhalfof2013anewVPN(VirtualPrivateNetwork)solu-tionwasimplementedinordertomeetthe increased requirements of academ-icsforexternalaccesstotheITsystems.InDecember2013,attherequestofthe

New building at Karl-Scharnagl-Ring 7, for the Administration, the IT Depart-ment and a newly established experi-mental laboratory.

academicdepartmentsandwiththehelpof new software (“Viewfinity”), accessto thepersonalPCswithadministrativerightswasmadepossible.Inadditionthe“Nexthink”softwarewasacquired,withthehelpofwhichanenduserITanalysismakesitpossibletosignificantlyreducethe time required for troubleshootingandincreasetheuser-friendlinessoftheHelp Desk. Following extensive testingand with the involvement of the em-ployee organisation and the end-usersthesoftwarewasreleasedinthefourthquarterof2014forthesystemadminis-tration. SinceSummer2014 theW-LANnetwork“EduRoam”hasalsobeenavail-abletobothInstitutes.

242 services

cMS and Workflow for Scholarship students

In November 2013,work began on theconversionoftheContentManagementSystem (CMS) used to date, “Contens”,to the new open source CMS “Typo3”.The conversionworkwill be completedin February2015. In anticipationof theconversiontothenewCMS,theprogram-ming of a new scholarships-workflowbegan in2014andthiswassuccessfullycompletedinDecember2014.

Head of IT

Klaus Herfurtner

Staff

Alfred Kaiser (sinceAugust2013),Heiner Leitl, Jens Leber, Hans Müller, Christopher Rowland (untilMay2014),Michael Wildgruber (untilMay 2013),Kfir Arbel(sinceJuly2013)

Trainees

Thomas Grillenberger (sinceSeptember2012),Markus Hackbarth (until July 2014), Dominik Huber(sinceSeptember2014),Victor Tietze (since September2013),Patrick Gabler(untilJuly2013)

243press and Media Relati ons

Thepressandmediarelationsunitisre-sponsibleforkeepingthepublicupdatedwith reports on the Institute’s work.ThepositioniscurrentlyheldbyChrista Manta on a part-time basis. She is re-sponsible forthe Institute’swebsite, forthe Institute’s publications, such as theinterimand theactivity reports, for theconception anddistribution of informa-tionmaterialliketheInstitute’sflyer,andfor thedisseminationof scientific infor-mation via the electronic journal “MaxPlanck Institute for Tax Law and PublicFinance Research Paper Series” on theSocialScienceResearchNetworkSSRN.

PRess AnD meDiA ReLAtions

newsandthe Institute’s recentpublica-tions.Itsdevelopmentanddistributionisinthehandsofthepublicrelationsunit–fromtheconceptandtheeditingtothegraphicaldesignandthetype-setting.

press Relati ons

Thedirectorsinparticulararefrequentlyrequested as dialogue partners by themedia.Theygiveinterviewsandprovideexclusivereportsandarticlesfornationalandinternationalpress.Theissueswhichreceivedmostattentioninthereportingperiod were the European economic and financial crisis, the problem of taxhavens, of the tax avoidance strategiesmultinational firms apply and the al-locationof taxing rights in internationalcontext.From2012to2014,theInstituteanditsscientificstaffwasquotedintotalbyaround400regional,nationalandin-ternationalprintandonlinepublications,TV and radio.

M a x P l a n c k I n s t I t u t e f o r t a x l a w a n d P u b l I c f I n a n c e i s s u e 01/2013

Private law as a develoPment aid........................................6

alliances and solidarity.........................................................7

TAXing cross-border services................................................8

crisis MeAsures before The consTiTuTionAl courT.........9

selecTed PublicATions.............................................................13

newsletter

Newslett er

Oneofthemajor innovations inthere-portingperiodwasthelaunchofanews-letterinJuly2013.Thenewlydevelopednewsletterisavailableinprintandonlineandisdesignedtoaddressboththesci-entificandnon-scientificgeneralpublic.ItreportstwiceayearinEnglishonnewresearch projects and results, selectedlectures and conferences, on personnel

Christa Manta

244 Services

(left to right): Ina Wockenfuss, Caterina Maul, Ludwig Rickert, Elke List, Annika Dolabdjian, Claudia Metz, Sabine Schmotz, Marcus Noack, Peter Weber (Library Director), Carmen Diana Holzer, Roswitha Schmidt (not shown: Petra Golombek, Christin Lindemann).

245Library

The library, under the direction of Peter Weber, consolidated its comprehensive range of services in the reporting period and was able to expand in certain key are-as. Since 2011 the library, and its employ-ees, have served as a central service unit for the provision of academic information not only for the Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance but also to the same extent for the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition.

1. Library Development 2012–2014

At the end of 2014 the library of the Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance had a total stack of more than 48,000 volumes. The traditional and ma-jor task of the library remains the opti-mal supply of information to all academ-ics in all areas of research pursued at the Institute. This continues to be reflected in the huge increase in available books: The library acquired more than 11,700 volumes in the reporting period.

It has become increasingly difficult to store the growing library holdings in the space available. In autumn 2014 prepa-rations began to make the currently closed stacks in the library’s basement directly accessible to all users. This will significantly enlarge the public access areas. Up to now, journal volumes that were published prior to 2005 have to be ordered from the basement.

The library’s range of local information provision is complemented by databases, electronic journals and eBooks licensed through the Max Planck Society’s central-ly administered funds. Thus, the academ-ic team has several thousand electronic journals at their command, alongside a multitude of legal and economic data-bases. In addition there is access to more than half a million eBooks in all areas of study. This includes an extensive product range with publications from Elsevier, Springer, DeGruyter, Duncker & Humblot, Cambridge University Press and Oxford University Press, among others.

Alongside the bibliographic information, a fundamental strength of the library catalogue is the ability to undertake research in more than 35,000 tables of contents for literature acquired since 2008 – for which the only location in Germany or Europe where such amassed information can be found is often our library. In addition, not only are there approximately 4,700 locally catalogued eBooks as a research tool, but there are also more than 500,000 eBooks con-tained in the MPG eBook catalogue.

Going beyond the classic fields of library work, as a further service the manage-ment of the Institute’s publication data has been reinforced. Thus, the recording of publication data in the repository of the Max Planck Society, MPG.PuRe, was established as a key task.

LIbrArY

246 services

Librarian Petra Golombek in the Institute‘s library, at Marstallstraße 8.

In 2014 a cooperation agreement wasconcluded with the International TaxCentre of the Bavarian State Ministryfor Finance, State Development andHeritage (Internationalen Steuerzen-trum, Bayerisches Staatsministerium der Finanzen, für Landesentwicklung und Heimat),extendingtheuseofthelibrarytoBavariantaxofficials.Thiscooperationunderlines the quality and significanceof the library’suniquecollection,whichreaches beyond the boundaries of the Institute.

The insolvency of the journal agency“Swets”inSeptember2014gaverisetoanunforeseeablechallenge.Intotal,thelibraryobtainedmorethan120journalsfrom this agency (of these, 44weredi-rected to the Max Planck Institute forTax Law and Public Finance). In all, 88publishers were contacted in order toobtaintheoutstandingissues.However,completion of the 2014 collection willnotbeachieveduntilwellinto2015.Forsometitlesthereisariskthatthe2014volumeswillnotbeacquiredinfull.

In 2012 Julia Sauerer successfully com-pleted her training as a specialist inmedia and information services, with afocusonthelibrary.WithCarmen Diana Holzer,thelibraryhastrainedthreespe-cialistsinmediaandinformationservicessince2012.

Since 2013 Sabine Schmotz has been committed to the enhancement of thequality of training in Bavaria throughheractivitiesasaspeaker for theQual-ity Circle “FaMI” (Fachangestellte/r für Medien- und Informationsdienste – spe-cialist in media and information services) Training in Bavaria).Shemaintainsregu-lar contactwith the person responsiblefor continuity training at the BavarianState Libraryandorganisesmeetingsofalltrainers.

A change in personnel had particularimpacton the library in the years2012and2013.Ines Saler, the deputy head of the library,went into retirement along-side another long-standing employee,Susanne von Brescius. This made it nec-essary to undertake a comprehensivereassignment of tasks as the positionof deputy head would no longer befilled. Fortunately, the library teamwasstrengthenedbyCaterina Maul. Howev-er,atsuchshortnoticeitwasnotpossibletofillapositionthatwasresponsibleforthelibrarysoftware,Aleph,andincludedamongitstasksthefurtherdevelopmentofthelibrary’sIT-basedservices.

247Library

2. external Activities and training

Thelibrarymaintainsclosetieswiththe“Association for Law Library and Docu-mentation Systems” (Arbeitsgemein-schaft für juristisches Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswesen) (AjBD). Peter Weber, library director andmember oftheboardof theAjBD,was responsibleforthecontentoftrainingeventsin2013and2014“eBooksinLawLibraries”and“Visibility of Library Services in Law Li-brariesintheDigitalAge”.Theseeventsilluminatedcurrentissuesinlibraryworkandwere each attended bymore than100 participants. Further, since June2014 PeterWeber has been amember

ofthe“LegalCommissionoftheGermanLibrariansClub”,sothatacloseexchangewith colleagues from a great variety oflibraries has beenmaintained and sup-port in respect of legal questions hasbeenprovidedtoclubmembers.

Further,Peter WeberwasthespeakerfortheAdvisoryCouncilfortheMaxPlanckLibraries.TheAdvisoryCouncilservestorepresenttheinterestsoftheMaxPlanckSociety libraries as against the MaxPlanckDigitalLibrary,amongothersandinadditionorganisesthelibrarysessionsoftheMaxPlanckSocietyinconsultationwiththeMaxPlanckDigitalLibrary.

Library staff took part in the following professional training sessions

2012

Training:MPGYearBookfromPubMan,Munich,25.01.(Schmotz) AdvisoryCouncilMeeting,Bonn,09.02.(Weber) Training:“FitfürdieFaMI-Ausbildung”,Munich,27.02.(Schmotz) XXXVLibraryConferenceoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Heidelberg, 16.04.–18.04.(Saler, Schmotz, Weber) 101stGermanLibrarianDay,Hamburg,22.05.–25.05.(Weber) InterculturalBasicTraining,Garching,19.06.–20.06.(Dolabdjian, Saler, Wockenfuss) AdvisoryCouncilMeeting,Halle,10.07.(Weber) 1stWorkingSession“Bibliothek2025”,Marburg,23.08.–24.08.(Weber) AdvisoryCouncilMeeting,Munich,06.09.(Weber) Training“FachenglischanderAusleihtheke”,Munich,15.10.(Schmotz) eBookWorkshop,Leipzig,24.10.–25.10.(Weber) TrainingbyAjBDandViFa-Recht“Erschließung,KataloganreicherungundPräsentation”,Berlin,08.11.–09.11.(Weber)

248 services

AutumnMeetingoftheHumanitiesLibraries,Jena,13.11.–14.11. (Saler, Weber) 12thConferenceoftheBavarianLibraryAssociation(BVB),Würzburg, 20.11.(Wockenfuss) MeetingoftheQualityCircleforFaMI-TraininginBavaria,Munich27.11.(Schmotz)

2013 AdvisoryCouncilMeeting,Berlin,28.01.–29.01.(Weber) 5thCongress“BibliothekundInformationDeutschland”,Leipzig,11.03.– 13.03.(Weber) 2ndWorkingSession“Bibliothek2025”,Würzburg,21.03.–22.03.(Weber) XXXVILibraryConferenceoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Golm,06.05.–08.05.(Schmotz, Weber) “Auskunftprofessionellgestalten–strukturelleundkonzeptionelle Aspekte”,Munich,13.06.(Wockenfuss) AdvisoryCouncilMeeting,Göttingen,25.06.–26.06.(Weber) InaugurationoftheNewInstituteBuildingoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforEuropeanLegalHistory,Frankfurt,02.09.(Weber) 1stMeetingoftheWorkingGroup“BibliothekskonzepteinderMPG”, Berlin,03.09.(Weber) 34thConferenceofthe“ArbeitsgemeinschaftfürSpezialbibliotheken”,Kiel,10.09.–13.09.(Weber) “XMLinLibraries”,Munich,24.09.–25.09.(Wockenfuss) PubManDays2013,Munich,23.10.–24.10.(Schmotz, Wockenfuss) TrainingoftheAjBD“E-BooksinjuristischenBibliotheken”,Koblenz, 07.11.–08.11.(Weber) ProjectMeeting“vLib-Nachfolge”,Munich,07.11.(Schmotz) MeetingoftheQualityCircleforFaMI-TraininginBavaria,Munich,11.11.(Schmotz) AutumnConferenceoftheHumanitiesLibraries,Leipzig,11.11.–13.11. (Weber)

2014

AdvisoryCouncilMeeting,Berlin,30.01.(Weber) 3rdWorkingSession“Bibliothek2025”,Weimar,05.02.–06.02.(Weber) OpeningoftheLibraryatHelmholtz-CentreRossendorf,Dresden,07.02.(Weber)

249Library

InternationalScience2.0Conference,Hamburg,26.03.–27.03.(Weber) MeetingoftheQualityCircleforFaMI-TraininginBavaria,Nuremberg, 31.03.(Schmotz) XXXVIILibraryConferenceoftheMaxPlanckSociety,Berlin,12.05.–14.05.(Schmotz, Weber) 103rdLibrarianDay,Bremen,03.06.–04.06.(Weber) Workshop“BibliometrischeLeistungsmessungindenGeistes-undSozial-wissenschaften”,Berlin,15.07.(Weber) 4thWorkingSession“Bibliothek2025”,Eltville,26.09.–27.09.(Weber) Workshop“Bibliothekskonzept”attheMPIforEmpiricalAesthetics, Frankfurt/Main,29.09.(Weber) “EffektivrecherchierenimInternet”,Munich,23.10.–24.10.(Dolabdjian, Wockenfuss) TrainingoftheAjBD“SichtbarkeitbibliothekarischerDienstleistungeninjuristischenBibliothekenimdigitalenZeitalter”,Hamburg,06.11.–07.11.(Weber) AutumnConferenceoftheHumanitiesLibraries,Bonn,13.11.–14.11. (Weber) 14thConferenceoftheBavarianLibraryAssociation(BVB),Rosenheim, 21.11.(Schmotz) MeetingoftheQualityCircleforFaMI-TraininginBavaria,Munich,24.11.(Schmotz)

250 services

3. the Library in numbers

ThelibraryoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinancesystematical-lyandprospectively increases its inven-tory,whichmakesitanimportantcentreofattractionworldwideforresearchers.Itisthelibrary’sgoaltoofferacademicsthe best possibleworking conditions inall areas of information supply. Due to

its sound financial endowment all sig-nificant publications have been madeavailable. The following figures providean overview over the acquisitions inthereportingperiod,thecurrentlyheldjournals and looseleaf services and thedevelopmentofthetotalinventory.

Monographs(purchased)

Allmediatypes

Monographs(donated)

Periodicals E-books listed

Library for Tax Law andPublicFinance

Department of BusinessandTaxLaw

Department of PublicEconomics

4,099

2,510

1,022

2,768

1,888

880

394

252

142

370

370

567

Acquisitions20124,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

251Library

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0Monographs(purchased)

Allmediatypes

Monographs(donated)





4,133

2,199

851

2,434

1,776

658

286

93

193

330

330

1,083

Acquisitions2013

Monographs(purchased)

Allmediatypes

Monographs(donated)





3,473

2,287

693

2,374

1,855

519

288

114

174

318

318

493

Acquisitions20144,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

the Library in numbers

252 services

Looseleafservices

Journals

2012

2013

2014

221

222

218

141

142

134

CurrentlyHeldJournalsandLooseleafServices

400

300

200

100

0

MonographsNumberofvolumes

Journals eBooks

2012

2013

2014

40,505

44,638

48,111

31,020

33,740

36,402

6,368

6,698

7,016

3,117

4,200

4,693

Developmentofthe TotalInventory

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

the Library in numbers

253Library

4. outlook

In the years to come, the desired com-prehensivesupplyofinformationtotheresearch areas of the Institute, be it inprintedorelectronicform,willcontinueto have paramount priority. However, it remains tobeseen,particularlyagainstthebackdropofthedevelopmentoftheEuroexchangerate,whetherthelibrarywillcontinuetobecapableofmakinglit-eratureavailableinthenecessaryscopein future, as we can assume that the costs ofliterature,notonlyofAnglo-Americanorigin,willsignificantlyincrease.

We further intend to ensure that there is anoticeableimprovementintheuseofexclusively electronically sourced jour-nalsbyintroducinganappropriatepush-service, so that an electronic journalcirculationwill be established for thesejournalsaswell.

In the first quarter of 2015 a flat-bedscanner will be made available in thelibrary foracademicsworkingatthe In-stitute,withthehelpofwhichliteraturecan be quickly digitalised in a mannerthatisatthesametimenon-invasivetothephysicalbook.

With the conclusion of the extensionworks in thebasementof the library inthe first half of 2015 the public accesssectionwill be enlarged by 588metresof shelf space to a total of more than1,600metresofshelfspace.Thisshouldbe recognised as a significant improve-mentintheeffectiveuseofthelibrary.Itisonlythearchiveforpreviouseditionsthatcannotbeintegratedintothepublicaccess.Thereisatotalofapproximately

1,950metresofshelfspaceavailabletothe library togetherwith the archiveofformer editions. Of these, almost 700metres of shelf space are not occupiedandofferspaceforgrowthintheinven-toryoverthenexteightyears.

Acentraltaskofthelibrarywillbetoopti-miseaccesstothedistributedelectronicresourcesthathavebeenlicensedbythelibrary or centrally frombasic provisionfunds for the Max Planck Society. Thedecision,made in 2014, to offer a newsearchplatformshouldbeimplementedin2015.Viathisdiscoverytoolitwillbepossible tosearch theunique inventoryof the library via an index with, at thesametime,asmanyelectronicresourcesfrom various publishing houses as pos-sible.AspartofacommonprojectwiththeMaxPlanckInstituteforComparativeandInternationalPrivateLaw(Hamburg),theMaxPlanckInstituteforForeignandInternationalCriminalLaw(Freiburg)andthe Max Planck Institute for Compara-tive Public Law and International Law(Heidelberg)asolutionshouldbeimple-mentedbyexploitingthesynergiesthatenables each Institute to have both itsownaccesstothelibrarydataaswellasan Institute-specificparameterisationofthesearch.Afundamentalchallengewillbe to prepare heterogeneous data forsuchasearchindexsothatqualitativelyvaluable and comprehensible numbersof matches are obtained.

Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board, 5–6 July 2012.

255Scientific Advisory Board

sCientifiC ADVisoRY BoARD

Professor Robin W. Boadway, Ph.D. Queen‘sUniversity,Canada

Prof. Dr. Friedrich Breyer UniversityofKonstanz,Germany

Prof. Dr. Peter H. J. Essers TilburgUniversity,Netherlands

Professor Daniel Gutmann, Ph.D. UniversitéParis1,France

Prof. Dr. Joachim Hennrichs UniversityofCologne,Germany

Professor Michael Keen InternationalMonetaryFund,USA

Prof. Dr. Karl Ove Moene UniversityofOslo,Norway

Prof. Dr. Kees van Raad ITCLeidenUniversity,Netherlands

256 services

Meeting of the Board of Trustees 2014. (left to right): Hendrik Wanger, Harald Lang, Erik Röder, Kai A. Konrad, Christian Thimann, Rudolf Mellinghoff, Wolfgang Schön, Christoph M. Schmidt, Klaus P. Naumann, Franz-Christoph Zeitler, Erik Hornung.

257Board of trustees

BoARD of tRustees

Prof. Dr. Alfred Bergmann PresidingJudge,FederalCourtofJustice

Prof. Dr. Claudia M. Buch VicePresident,DeutscheBundesbank

Georg Fahrenschon President,GermanSavingsBanksAssociation

Johannes Geismann StateSecretary,FederalMinistryofFinance

Heike Göbel FrankfurterAllgemeineZeitung

Prof. Dr. rer. pol. Bernd Huber President,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen

Dr. Christian Kaeser President,IFAGermany

Prof. Dr. Han Kogels SecretaryGeneral,InternationalFiscalAssociation

Prof. Dr. h.c. Rudolf Mellinghoff President,FederalTaxCourt

Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter Naumann SecretaryGeneral,InstituteofPublicAuditors

Prof. Dr. Detlev Jürgen Piltz President,IFAGermany

Prof. Dr. Dr. Christoph M. Schmidt President,Rheinisch-WestfälischesInstitutfürWirtschaftsforschung

Prof. Dr. Roman Seer President,GermanTaxLawAssociation

Dr. h.c. Wolfgang Spindler ChairmanGermanAuditorOversightCommission

Dr. Christian Thimann ExecutiveCommittee,AXAGroup

Prof. Frederick van der Ploeg, Ph.D. OxfordCentrefortheAnalysisofResourceRichEconomies,UniversityofOxford

Prof. Dr. Franz-Christoph Zeitler FormerVicePresident,GermanCentralBank

imprint

ManagingDirector

Prof. Dr. Kai A. Konrad

MaxPlanckInstituteforTaxLawandPublicFinance

Marstallplatz1

80539Munich,Germany

Phone: +498924246-5250

Fax: +498924246-5299

type-Setting

Christa Manta

Print

DruckereiMayer&Söhne

photographs and Graphics

DavidAusserhofer(p.126,KaiA.Konrad)

NinaBonge(p.128,130,131,140,142,144left,250,251,252)

ZdenkoCaganic(p.236)

AthinaGrigoriadou(p.6,146,158,170,186,243)

ChristaManta(p.1(title),4,7,8,10,13bottom,16bottom,17top,18top,19middle,20middle,

25,27,28,29,30,43,44,49,53,58,61,62,63,65,67,135top+bottom,137,138middle,141,

149,152,155,160,164,166,246,254,256)

MPI(p.41,143,144right,145,147,156,162,175,180,240,241,244)

OxfordCentreforBusinessTaxation(p.26)

GonçaloSilva(p.143)

StBKMünchen(p.36,46)

MarkusScholzforLeopoldina(p.148)

WUVienna(p.38)

Max

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institute's activity report 2012-2014

Documents