institutional repositories in india: an ......international journal of library & information...
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http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 166 [email protected]
International Journal of Library & Information Science (IJLIS) Volume 5, Issue 3, Sep–Dec 2016, pp. 166–184, Article ID: IJLIS_05_03_016
Available online at
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/issues.asp?JType=IJLIS&VType=5&IType=3
Journal Impact Factor (2016): 8.2651 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
ISSN Print: 2277-3533 and ISSN Online: 2277-3584
© IAEME Publication
INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES IN INDIA:
AN EVALUATIVE STUDY
Sofi Gh Mohiuddin Jeelani
Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir
Haamid Amin Mir
Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir
Basharat Ahmad Wani
Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir
ABSTRACT
The present society is an information society where information possess its value in all walks of
life and there is not a single minute when information producing, storing, maintaining and
dissemination didn’t take place. Institutional repositories are a small step towards achieving a big
objective of information dissemination to the right person at right time. Institutional Repository
consists of formally organized and managed collections of digital contents generated by faculty,
staff and students at an institution and are concerned with the collection, management,
preservation, and dissemination of intellectual output of an individual institution in a digital form
within and outside the institution. The Study gives a detailed list of institutional repositories in
India along with their special characteristics/features that make them unique and serviceable to its
user community. Indian researchers get number of barriers in their research while getting needed
material like deterioration of primary source, distance factor & non availability of needed source.
The only way to tap this missing research is the concerned Institutional repositories. Although a
number of studies have been carried out discussing growth and development, technical and
establishment issues of Indian Institutional Repositories, no effort has been made to explore
various kinds of documents available in these repositories. The present study is an endeavour in
this direction.
Key words: Institutional Repositories, Information dissemination, Digital Library, Digital
Repository, Digital Library Software, Open DOAR, Knowledge Repository.
Cite this Article: Dr. R.P. Bajpai, Dr. Kapil Singh Hada and Geetanjali Bajpai, Academic
Libraries and E-Learning: Initiative and Opportunities, Pune, India. International Journal of
Library & Information Science, 5(3), 2016, pp.166–184.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/issues.asp?JType=IJLIS&VType=5&IType=3
Institutional Repositories in India: An Evaluative Study
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 167 [email protected]
1. INTRODUCTION
An Institutional Repository is an online locus for collecting, preserving, and disseminating of the
intellectual output of an institution. Before knowing Institutional Repositories, it would be appropriate to
know first about the repository. A repository is a central place where data is stored, mined and where
multiple databases or files are located for distribution over a network or it is a location that is directly
accessible to the user without having to travel across a network (Wikipedia, 2014).Institutional
Repositories provide a centralized framework in which faculty, researchers, scholars, and others can build
their digital collections. According to Gibbon (2004) Institutional Repositories provide these digital
collections with an infrastructure and permanence that can sustain changes. Similarly, Crow (2002) defines
Institutional Repositories as digital collections capturing and preserving the intellectual output of a single
or multi-university community. On the other hand, Johnson (2002) defines Institutional Repository as a
digital archive of the intellectual product created by the faculty, research staff, and students of an
institution and accessible to end users both within and outside the institution, with few if any barriers to
access. Further the content of an Institutional Repository, as per is institutionally defined; Scholarly;
Cumulative & perpetual; and Open & interoperable.
Institutional Repository consists of formally organized and managed collections of digital contents
generated by faculty, staff and students at an institution and are concerned with the collection,
management, preservation, and dissemination of intellectual output of an individual institution in a digital
form within and outside the institution (Singh, Sharma & Kaur, 2011). Institutional Repository is a kind of
service, which an individual institute or organization offers to its community for the management and
dissemination of research materials created by different community members and provide improved access
to their research publications. These are digital collections of the outputs created within a university or
research institution. Whilst the purposes of repositories may vary (for example, some universities have
teaching/learning repositories for educational materials), in most cases they are established to provide
Open Access to the institution’s research output. It is most essentially an organizational commitment to the
stewardship of these digital materials, including long-term preservation where appropriate, as well as
organization and access or distribution. For (Barton & Waters, 2004) Institutional Repositories are
designed to manage, host, preserve and enable distribution of the scholarly output of an institution and it
must be open and interoperable (using OAI complaint software) as suggested by Clifford, A.L & Gerard
V.W. (2005) while defining it as a web-based database of scholarly material. It could be cumulative and
perpetual (a collection of record).
An Institutional Repository collects, stores, disseminates digital resources and also preserves digital
materials for long term usage. It is a set of services that an institute/university offers to the members of its
community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its
community members. An effective institutional repository necessarily requires collaboration among
librarian, information technologists, archives and record managers, faculty, administration and policy
makers (Wikipedia, 2014).
The closed access system to most of the scholarly literature both published and unpublished paved the
way for institutional repositories. The essence of Institutional Repository is to make research and
development publications to be freely available on the internet. This initiative was directed to have an
increased visibility of the research outcomes. Thus the Institutional Repositories were experimented by the
Indian educational institutions and R & D institutes to disseminate their scholarly articles. In India there
are number of reputed R & D institutes, which produce scholarly rich research documents every year, now
adopt this Institutional Repository service in their homepage.
1.1. Statement of the Problem
Indian researchers, for their research purposes, need to consult the primary sources of information
regularly, but due to frequent handling these sources of information are getting deteriorated, which requires
proper preservation. Distance is also one of the barriers for easy consultation of this source of information.
Sofi Gh Mohiuddin Jeelani, Haamid Amin Mir and Basharat Ahmad Wani
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 168 [email protected]
The only way to tap this missing research is the concerned Institutional repositories. Although a number of
studies have been carried out discussing growth and development, technical and establishment issues of
Indian Institutional Repositories, no effort has been made hitherto to explore various kinds of documents
available in these repositories. The present study is an endeavor in this direction.
1.2. Scope
The scope of the study is limited to 43 Institutional Repositories in India.
1.3. Objectives
The main objectives of the study are:
1. To enlist the Indian institutional repositories & the software being used by the institutions for building
these repositories.
2. To explore various types of documents available to users in these repositories
3. To identify the type of institutions and subject coverage of Institutional repositories developed in India.
4. To compare various type of research materials available in the Institutional Repositories.
2. METHODOLOGY
For the present study the Institutional Repositories owned by Academic institutes/ Research &
Development (R&D) institutes in India have been selected from the secondary sources, metadata
harvesting services, directories etc for this study. The data related to these institutional repositories have
been collected from the respective institutions’ websites and other secondary sources. The data is analyzed
based on certain parameters enumerated as: 1) Number of document items, 2) Software used, 3) Languages
adopted, 4) Growth of collection etc. The Open DOAR; Directory of Open Access Repositories & ROAR;
Registry of Open Access Repositories have been used to identify the Open Access Repositories in India.
The repositories which are institutional and with a minimum of 100 documents were selected for the study.
3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
India has a long tradition of higher education dating back to the Gurukul system 700 to 500 years B.C. At
the time of independence in 1947 (Basu, 1989) says India inherited 20 universities and 496 colleges with
237,546 students. Currently there are about 650 universities (includes central, state and deemed
universities), 39 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratories, 16 Indian Institutes of
Technology (IITs) and ten Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs). IITs are autonomous engineering and technology-oriented institutes of higher education.
IIMs are graduate business schools in India that also conduct research and provide consultancy services in the field
of management to various sectors of the Indian economy.
Access and Visibility, according to Arunachalam (2008), are the two main problems faced by Indian
scientists. They find it difficult to access what has already been published because of the high costs
involved in subscribing to journals and databases. Similarly researchers in the rest of the world were
unable to access what the Indian researchers are doing. This is because much of the research work done in
India is published in the national journals, which are not indexed by the leading abstracting and indexing
databases. This leads to low visibility and low readership of research papers published by scientists from
India. Pappalardo (2007) credited the advent of the internet and other digital reproduction and
communication technologies that enable the people to have access to information far more easily than ever
before.As per Markey et al., 2007institutional repositories can be conceptualized around three main roles:
a) An electronic scholarly communication forum,
b) A digital library, and
c) A Knowledge Management system.
Institutional Repositories in India: An Evaluative Study
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 169 [email protected]
A survey of Institutional repositories in Greece conducted by Chantavaridou (2009) found that content
availability seems to be hindered by fear of copyright infringement rather than financial charges. Similarly
Kim (2011) conducted a survey of 17 Carnegie doctorate-granting universities in the United States, in
which he found that long-term preservation and copyright concerns are the motivating factors for the
professors for their Institutional Repository contribution. Mark & Shearer (2006) suggested that initially
Institutional Repository staff should deposit, assign Metadata and check copyright on behalf of the faculty.
However, academics have been slow to embrace the concept of institutional repositories as the data from
the survey of academics in New Zealand indicated so, and these academicians show little interest in using
repositories for increasing the accessibility of their own work, or to access the work of others. As a result
number of deposits remains low (Cullen & Chawner, 2010). However, Doctor (2008) in a study indicated
that faculty in business schools from different academic areas and teaching experience do use digital
resources for scholarly publications and teaching material. Xu (2005) found that long term preservation,
easy access, and support for a variety of formats are the most appreciated benefits of institutional
repositories by faculty. According to Chan, Kwok, & Yip (2005) the reference librarians have an important
role in recruiting the content for institutional repositories and interpreting publisher’s policies to authors.
Institutional Repositories have been growing rapidly over the past five years, and publications on
Institutional Repositories have flourished as well (Rieh et al., 2007). A comprehensive report on a census
of institutional repositories in the United States Academic Institutions by (Markey et al., 2007), published
recently, and reported the staffing, finances, planning, system selection, policies, benefits, and
beneficiaries of Institutional Repositories. Yeats (2003), on the other hand, presented the benefits of
Institutional Repositories, along with Crow (2002) and Chan (2004) described the benefits of IRs and
showed convincing reasons for establishing an Institutional Repository.
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
There are about 2618 repositories in the whole world hosted by Open DOAR, out of which 2218 are
institutional. In Indian case, there are about 69 repositories which are listed by Open DOAR and run by
various types of organizations such as universities, institutes, research organizations, government and non-
government organizations, etc. These repositories contain various types of items. Out of these 69
repositories, 60 are institutional, 7 are disciplinary and 2 are aggregating. Data collected is analyzed by
using different techniques and the findings are presented with the aid of tables, graphs & charts wherever
necessary in the following section.
5. REPOSITORIES UNDER THE SCOPE OF PRESENT STUDY
For the present study, we have taken 43 institutional repositories as 17 of the institutional repositories
could not be opened/accessed (Table 1). These 43 institutional repositories have been studied considering
the Repository software used, Repository type, Content types in the repository, Languages, Subject area,
Year wise growth in number of the repositories etc.
Sofi Gh Mohiuddin Jeelani, Haamid Amin Mir and Basharat Ahmad Wani
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 170 [email protected]
Table 1 Selected Institutional Repositories in India
S.
No
.
Repository
Name
Host
Organisation
Subjects Contents Total
Items
As On
05-06-
2014
Software Languages Year
Of
Establ
ishme
nt
Url
1 DeepBlue
Knowledge
Repository@PDP
U
Institute of
Petroleum
Management
Pandit Deendayal
Petroleum
University (PDPU)
Multidisciplinary Articles;
Unpublishe
d
166
Items
DSpace English NA http://spmlib.pdp
u.ac.in:8080/xm
lui/
2 Digital Repository
of West Bengal
Public Library
Network
West Bengal Public
Library Network,
Kolkata
Multidisciplinary Books 10196
Items
DSpace,
Version:
1.8.2
English;
Bengali
2010 http://dspace.wbp
ublibnet.gov.in:8
080/jspui/
3 DIR@IMTECH CSIR-Institute of
Microbial
Technology
(Council of
Scientific and
Industrial Research
– Institute of
Microbial
Technology),
Chandigarh
Multidisciplinary Articles;
References;
Theses
1359
items
EPrints,
Version:
3.3.10
English
2008 http://crdd.osdd.n
et/open/
4 DKR@CDRI Central Drug
Research Institute
(CDRI), Lucknow
Biology and
Biochemistry;
Health and
Medicine
Articles;
Unpublishe
d
890
Items
DSpace
English 2007 http://dkr.cdri.res
.in:8080/dspace/i
ndex.jsp
5 DRS@NIO NICMAS (NIO
library), National
Institute Of
Oceanography
(NIO), Goa
Science General;
Technology
General; Arts and
Humanities
General
Articles;
Conference
s; Theses
4499
items
DSpace
English 2006 http://drs.nio.org/
6 DSpace @
GGSIPU
Guru Gobind Singh
Indraprastha
University, Delhi
Multidisciplinary Articles;
Theses;
Learning
Objects
137 items DSpace,
Version:
1.7.2
English 2007 http://14.139.60.
216:8080/xmlui/
7 DSpace@GIPE Gokhale Institute
of Politics and
Economics
(GIPE)
Multidisciplinary Unpublishe
d; Books;
Multimedia
12587
items
DSpace,
Version:
3.1
English 2011 http://dspace.gipe
.ac.in/jspui/
8
DSpace@IIAP Indian Institute of
Astrophysics,
Bangalore
Physics &
Astronomy
Articles;
Theses;
Multimedia
; Special
7220
items
DSpace English 2004 http://prints.iiap.r
es.in/
9 DSpace@IIMK
Indian Institute of
Management
Kozhikode (IIMK),
Kerala
Business and
Economics
Articles;
Conference
s; Theses;
Unpublishe
d
669 items DSpace English 2005 http://dspace.iim
k.ac.in/
10 DSpace@IITB Indian Institute of
Technology (IITB),
Bombay
Multidisciplinary Articles;
Conference
s
14099
items
DSpace,
Version:
1.8.0
English 2010 http://dspace.libr
ary.iitb.ac.in/jspu
i/
11 DSpace@IMSC Institute of
Mathematical
Sciences, Chennai
Mathematics and
Statistics
Conference
s; Learning
Objects
296 items DSpace,
Version:
3.0.5
English NA http://www.imsc.
res.in/xmlui
12 DSpace@INFLIB
NET Information and
Library Network
Center
(INFLIBNET),
Gujarat
Multidisciplinary Conference
s; Learning
Objects;
Special
1328
items
DSpace,
Version:
1.6
English;
Hindi
2004 http://ir.inflibnet.
ac.in/
Institutional Repositories in India: An Evaluative Study
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 171 [email protected]
13 Dspace@IUCAA
Inter-University
Centre for
Astronomy and
Astrophysics
(IUCAA), Pune
Chemistry and
Chemical
Technology; Earth
and Planetary
Sciences
Articles;
Conference
s
2539
items
DSpace
Version:
1.8.2
English 2011 http://www.iucaa.
ernet.in:8080/jsp
ui/
14 DSpace@MS
University
Smt. Hansa Mehta
Library, Maharaja
Sayajirao University
of Baroda, Gujarat
Multidisciplinary
Theses
271
Items
DSpace,
Version:
1.7.0
English 2013 http://14.139.121
.106:8080/jspui/
15 Dspace@NITR
National Institute of
Technology,
Rourkela (NITR),
Orissa
Chemistry and
Chemical
Technology;
Physics and
Astronomy;
Mechanical
Engineering and
Materials
Articles;
Conference
s; Theses;
Books
2033
Items
DSpace English 2005 http://dspace.nitr
kl.ac.in/dspace/
16 DSpace@TU
Thapar University Multidisciplinary
Articles;
Conference
s; Theses
2612
items
DSpace English NA http://dspace.thap
ar.edu:8080/dspa
ce/
17 Dyuthi
Cochin University
Of Science &
Technology
(CUSAT)
Multidisciplinary Articles;
Theses;
Learning
Objects
3103
items
DSpace,
Version:
1.8.1
English 2008 http://dyuthi.cusat
.ac.in/
18 Archives of Indian
Labour V.V.Giri National
Labour Institute,
Uttar Pradesh
Geography and
Regional Studies;
History and
Archaeology;
Social Sciences
General; Law and
Politics
Unpublishe
d; Books;
Multimedia
; Special
42845
items
HTML English;
Tamil
1998 http://www.indial
abourarchives.or
g/
19 Eprints@CMFRI
Indian Council of
Agricultural
Research (ICAR),
Central Marine
Fisheries Research
Institute (CMFRI)
Agriculture, Food
and Veterinary;
Biology and
Biochemistry;
Ecology and
Environment;
Health and
Medicine
Articles;
Conference
s; Theses;
Unpublishe
d; Books;
Patents
9742
Items
Eprints,
Version:3
English 2010 http://eprints.cmf
ri.org.in/
20 Eprints@IARI Indian Agricultural
Research Institute
(IARI)
Agriculture ,Food
& Veterinary
Articles;
Conference
s; Theses;
Unpublishe
d
230 items EPrints,
Version: 3
English 2009 http://eprints.iari.
res.in/
21 EPrints@IISc Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore
(IISc),
Chemistry and
Chemical
Technology;
Mathematics and
Statistics; Physics
and Astronomy
Articles;
References;
Conference
s;
Unpublishe
d; Books;
Patents;
Special
37502
items
EPrints,
Version:
3.3.9
English 2004 http://eprints.iisc.
ernet.in/
22 EPrints@IITD Indian Institute of
Technology (IITD),
Delhi
Multidisciplinary Articles;
Theses
2148
items
DSpace English 2005 http://eprint.iitd.a
c.in/dspace/
23 EPrints@NIRT National Institute for
Tuberculosis
Research, Chennai
Biology and
Biochemistry;
Health and
Medicine
Articles;
References;
Conference
s; Theses;
Books
830 items Eprints English 2014 http://eprints.nirt.
res.in/
24 Eprints@NML
National
Metallurgical
Laboratory
Chemistry and
Chemical
Technology;
Technology
General
Articles;
Conference
s; Theses;
Books;
Learning
5768
items
Eprints English 2009 http://eprints.nml
india.org/
Sofi Gh Mohiuddin Jeelani, Haamid Amin Mir and Basharat Ahmad Wani
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 172 [email protected]
Objects;
Patents
25 Eprints@MDRF
Madras Diabetes
Research
Foundation,
Chennai
Health and
Medicine Articles;
Theses;
Books
681
items
Eprints English 2009 http://mdrf-
eprints.in/
26 EPrints@UoM
University of
Mysore, Mysore
University Library
Multidisciplinary Articles 9127
Items
EPrints,
Version:
3.3.10
English 2013 http://eprints.uni-
mysore.ac.in/
27 E
Repository@IIHR Indian Council of
Agricultural
Research (ICAR),
Indian Institute of
Horticultural
Research (IIHR),
Bangalore
Multidisciplinary References;
Unpublishe
d; Special
486 items DSpace,
Version:
1.7.2
English NA http://www.erepo
.iihr.ernet.in/
28 ETD@IISC
Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore
Multidisciplinary Theses 2255
items
DSpace English 2005 http://etd.ncsi.iis
c.ernet.in/
29 E theses- A
Saurashtra
University Library
Service
Saurashtra
University
Multidisciplinary Articles;
References;
Theses
1016
items
EPrints,
Version:
3.3.6
English;
Gujarati
NA http://etheses.sau
rashtrauniversity.
edu/
30 IACS Institutional
Repository
Indian Association
for the Cultivation
of Science, Kolkata
Science General
Articles;
Theses;
Unpublishe
d
221 items DSpace English NA http://arxiv.iacs.r
es.in:8080/jspui/
31 ICRISAT Open
Access Repository
International Crops
Research Institute
for the Semi Arid
Tropics (ICRISAT),
Hyderabad
Multidisciplinary Articles;
Conference
s; Learning
Objects;
Multimedia
7471
items
EPrints,
Version:3.3
.10
English;
Arabic
2009 http://oar.icrisat.
org/
32 Indian Academy
of Sciences:
Publications of
Fellows
Indian Academy of
Sciences
Science General;
Health and
Medicine;
Technology
General
Articles 91995
items
EPrints,
Version: 3
English NA http://repository.i
as.ac.in/
33 IR@CECRI CSIR-Central
Electrochemical
Research Institute,
Tamil Nadu
Electrical and
Electronic
Engineering
Articles 2479
Items
EPrints,
Version:
3.2.8
English 2011 http://cecri.csirce
ntral.net/
34 Institutional
Repository@CSI
O
CSIR-Central
Scientific
Instruments
Organisation
(CSIR-CSIO,
Chandigarh
Biology and
Biochemistry;
Chemistry and
Chemical
Technology; Earth
and Planetary
Sciences; Physics
and Astronomy;
Technology
General;
Computers and IT;
Electrical and
Electronic
Engineering;
Mechanical
Engineering and
Materials;
Management and
Planning
Articles;
Conference
s; Theses;
Unpublishe
d; Learning
Objects;
Multimedia
; Special
347 items Eprints
English NA http://csioir.csio.r
es.in/
35
Institutional
repository@VSL Indian Institute of
Management,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Multidisciplinary Articles;
Conference
s; Theses;
Unpublishe
d;
Multimedia
11166
items DSpace
English 2009 http://vslir.iimahd
.ernet.in:8080/xm
lui
Institutional Repositories in India: An Evaluative Study
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 173 [email protected]
36 Kautilya@igidr Indira Gandhi
Institute of
Development
Research (IGIDR),
Mumbai
Multidisciplinary Conference
s; Theses;
Unpublishe
d
247 items DSpace English 2006 http://oii.igidr.ac.
in:8080/jspui
37 Knowledge
Repository Open
Network (Knoor)
Department of
Library &
Information
Science, University
of Kashmir,
Srinagar(Kashmir)
Science General;
Agriculture, Food
and Veterinary;
Health and
Medicine;
Technology
General
Articles;
Conference
s; Theses
933
Items
DSpace,
Version:
1.8.2
English;
Hindi;
Arabic;
Persian
2011 http://dspaces.uo
k.edu.in:8080/jsp
ui/
38 Mahatma Gandhi
University Theses
Online
Mahatma Gandhi
University, Kerala
Multidisciplinary Theses 1874
Items
Nitya Sanskrit;
Malayalam;
Hindi;
English
2009 http://www.mgut
heses.org/
39 NAL Repository
Information Centre
for Aerospace
Science and
Technology
(ICAST), Bangalore
Mathematics and
Statistics;
Technology
General;
Mechanical
Engineering and
Materials
Articles;
Conference
s; Theses;
Unpublishe
d; Learning
Objects;
Multimedia
; Patents
5692
Items
EPrints,
Version:
3.2.0
English 2004 http://nal-
ir.nal.res.in/
40 National Science
Digital Library
(NSDL)
NISCAIR (National
Institute of Science
Communication and
Information
Resources), New
Delhi
Science General Books 579 items DSpace English 2010 http://nsdl.niscair
.res.in/
41 NOPR (NISCAIR
Online Periodical
Repository)
NISCAIR (National
Institute of Science
Communication and
Information
Resources), New
Delhi
Multidisciplinary Articles;
References
26083
items
DSpace English 2007 http://nopr.niscai
r.res.in/
42 Osmania
University Digital
Library [OUDL]
Osmania
University,
Hyderabad
Multidisciplinary Articles 24506
items
DSpace English;
Hindi
2010 http://oudl.osman
ia.ac.in/
43 RRI Digital
Repository
Raman Research
Institute, Bangalore
Physics and
Astronomy
Articles;
Unpublishe
d; Learning
Objects
5656
Items
DSpace English 2005 http://dspace.rri.r
es.in/
6. ITEMS IN THE REPOSITORIES
Data analyzed reveals that most of the repositories contain mixture of documents like journal articles,
conference proceedings, annual reports, books/book chapters, project reports, preprints, working papers,
patents, teaching resources, and thesis besides, images, editorials, short communications, data sets,
newspaper clippings, videos, monographs, brochures etc are in small numbers. Distribution of these items
in the repositories under the scope of present study is given in table 2.
Sofi Gh Mohiuddin Jeelani, Haamid Amin Mir and Basharat Ahmad Wani
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 174 [email protected]
Table 2 Distributions of Repository Items
Name Of Repository Journal
Articles/
Research
papers
Theses &
Dissertatio
ns
Conferenc
e papers/
Proceeding
s/
posters/
Workshop
items
Unpublish
ed
Reports/
Working
Papers
Books,
Chapters &
Sections
Multimedi
a &
Learning
Objects
Miscellaneo
us
Total
Items
DeepBlue Knowledge
Repository@PDPU
20
(12.04)
6
(3.61)
_
58
(34.93)
1
(0.60)
66
(39.75)
15
(9.03)
166
Digital Repository of
West Bengal Public
Library Network
_
_
_
452
(4.43)
9744
( 95.56 )
_
_
10196
DIR@IMTECH
1112
(81.82)
243
(17.88)
_ _ 3
(0.22)
1
(0.07)
_ 1359
DKR@CDRI
818
(91.91)
58
(6.51)
_
8
(0.89)
_ 6
(0.67)
_ 890
DRS@NIO
_
_
_
_
4380
(97.35)
_
119
(2.64)
4499
DSpace @ GGSIPU
110
(80.29)
25
(18.24)
_
_
_
2
(1.45)
_
137
DSpace@GIPE 1345
(10.68)
10
( 0.07)
_
327
(2.59)
9619
(76.42)
1286
(10.21)
_
12587
DSpace@IIAP
5674
(78.58)
123
(1.70)
_
1106
(15.31)
_
256
(3.54)
61
(0.84)
7220
DSpace@IIMK
1
(0.14)
_
260
(38.86)
28
(4.18)
379
(56.65)
1
(0.14)
_
669
DSpace@IITB
10504
(74.50)
2262
(16.04)
13
(0.09)
1050
(7.44)
270
(1.91)
14099
DSpace@IMSC
_
170
(57.43)
_
124
(41.89)
_
2
(0.67)
_
296
DSpace@INFLIBNET
65
(4.89)
_
1245
(93.75)
_
_
18
(1.35)
_
1328
Dspace@IUCAA 1995
(78.57)
_
167
(6.57)
_
_
377
(14.84)
_
2539
DSpace@MS University
_
210
(77.49)
_
_
59
(21.77)
2
(0.73)
_
271
Dspace@NITR
867
(42.64)
37
(1.81)
1119
(55.04)
_
10
(0.49)
_
_
2033
DSpace@TU
_
2470
(94.56)
20
(0.76)
_
2
(0.07)
3
(0.11)
117
(4.47)
2612
Dyuthi
_
2070
(66.70)
17
(0.54)
_
_
2
(0.06)
1014
(32.67)
3103
Institutional Repositories in India: An Evaluative Study
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 175 [email protected]
Archives of Indian
Labour
_
_
_
32127
(74.98)
5633
(13.14)
3089
(7.20)
1996
(4.65)
42845
Eprints@CMFRI
6957
(71.41)
177
(1.81)
956
(9.81)
377
(3.86)
898
(9.21)
300
(3.07 )
77
(0.79)
9742
Eprints@IARI
219
(95.21)
1
(0.43)
4
(1.73)
_
2
(0.86)
_
4
(1.73)
230
EPrints@IISc
30652
(81.73)
_
5293
(14.11)
58
(0.15)
131
(0.34)
1341
(3.57)
27
(0.07)
37502
EPrints@IITD
2105
(97.99)
35
(1.62)
_ 8
(0.37)
_ _ _ 2148
EPrints@NIRT
810
(97.59)
_
13
(1.56)
_
7
(0.84)
_
_
830
Eprints@NML 3381
(58.61)
50
(0.86)
1861
(32.26)
184
(3.19)
241
(4.17)
18
(0.31)
33
(0.57)
5768
Eprints@MDRF
660
(96.91)
2
(0.29)
_
_
19
(2.79)
_
_
681
Eprints @UOM
8653
(94.80)
_
351
(3.84)
_
111
(1.21)
_
12
(0.13)
9127
E Repository@IIHR
_
288
(59.25)
_
5
(1.02)
190
(39.09)
3
(0.61)
_
486
ETD@IISC
_
2255
(100)
_
_
_
_
_
2255
E theses- A Saurashtra
University Library
Service
1016
(100)
_ _ _ _ _ 1016
IACS Institutional
Repository
187
(84.61)
_
_
3
(1.35)
21
(9.50)
_
10
(4.52)
221
ICRISAT Open Access
Repository
4566
(61.11)
222
(2.97)
977
(13.07)
_ 576
(7.70)
1127
(15.08)
3
(0.04)
7471
Indian Academy of
Sciences: Publications
of Fellows
91995
(100)
_
_
_
_
_
_
91995
IR@CECRI 2090
(84.30)
46
(1.85)
2
(0.08)
_ _ 9
(0.36)
332
(13.39)
2479
Institutional
Repository@CSIO
340
(97.98)
_
7
(2.01)
_
_
_
_
347
Institutional
repository@VSL
8646
(77.43)
298
(2.66)
127
(1.13)
2028
(18.16)
_ 67
(0.60)
_ 11166
Kautilya@igidr
_
41
(16.59)
37
(14.97)
169
(68.42)
_
_
_
247
Sofi Gh Mohiuddin Jeelani, Haamid Amin Mir and Basharat Ahmad Wani
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp
4%
4%
12%
10%
Knowledge Repository
Open Network (Knoor)
89
(9.53)
Mahatma Gandhi
University Theses
Online
_
NAL Repository
1504
(26.42)
National Science Digital
Library (NSDL)
_
NOPR (NISCAIR
Online Periodical
Repository)
26083
(100)
Osmania University
Digital Library [OUDL]
24471
(99.85)
RRI Digital Repository
_
Total
235919
(66.29)
Sofi Gh Mohiuddin Jeelani, Haamid Amin Mir and Basharat Ahmad Wani
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 176
Figure 1 Distribution of Repository items
66%
10%
3% 1%
Distribution of Repository Items
Journal Articles
Theses & Dissertations
Conference Proceedings
Unpublished reports
Books, chapters &
Sections
Multimedia & Learning
Objects
843
(90.35)
1
(0.10)
_
_
_
1874
(100)
_
_
_ _
7
(0.12)
983
(17.26)
3117
(54.76)
39
(0.68)
15
(0.26)
_
_
_
508
(87.73)
36
(6.21)
_
_
_
_ _
_
_
_
_
35
(0.14)
_
_
828
(14.63)
3781
(66.84)
716
(12.65)
12577
(3.53)
15702
(4.41)
41020
(11.52)
36354
(10.21)
9828
(2.76)
Sofi Gh Mohiuddin Jeelani, Haamid Amin Mir and Basharat Ahmad Wani
Journal Articles
Theses & Dissertations
Conference Proceedings
Unpublished reports
Books, chapters &
Multimedia & Learning
_
_
933
_
_
1874
15
(0.26)
27
(0.47)
5692
36
(6.21)
35
(6.04)
579
_
_
26083
35
(0.14)
_
24506
716
(12.65)
331
(5.85)
5656
9828
(2.76)
4483
(1.25)
355883
Institutional Repositories i
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp
7. SOFTWARE ADOPTED BY
Repositories under the scope of present study have adopted different
repositories is indicated in table 3
Name of
Software
Developer
DSpace
DuraSpace
Eprints
University of
Southampton
Nitya
Centre for
Informatics
Research &
Development
Html
W3C &
WHATWG
Percentage of Software being used by Institutional Repositories
Figure 2 Software adopted by Indian Institut
33%
2%
Institutional Repositories in India: An Evaluative Study
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 177
SOFTWARE ADOPTED BY INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES
Repositories under the scope of present study have adopted different software. Software adopted by these
3
Table 3 Software Adopted
Web Address License System
Requirements
http://www.dspace.org BSD License Apache
1.3,Tomcat 4.0,
PostgreSQL 7.3+,
Ant 1.5, Java
language
http://software.eprints.org GNU General
Public
License
Apache, MySQL
database, Perl
language
http://www.nityainc.com N.A N.A
http://www.w3.org/html N.A N.A
Percentage of Software being used by Institutional Repositories
Software adopted by Indian Institutional repositories
63%
2% 2%
n India: An Evaluative Study
TORIES
software. Software adopted by these
System
Requirements
Operating
System
omcat 4.0,
PostgreSQL 7.3+,
Ant 1.5, Java
language
Solaris, Linux
& Windows
Systems
Apache, MySQL
database, Perl
language
Linux or Unix
N.A
N.A
ional repositories
DSpace
Eprints
Nitya
HTMl
Sofi Gh Mohiuddin Jeelani, Haamid Amin Mir and Basharat Ahmad Wani
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 178 [email protected]
7.1. Languages Adopted by Institutional Repositories
Figure 3 Languages adopted by Indian Institutional Repositories
Considering the language diversity all of the 43 repositories, it is evident from the above Chart that
English is used as a basic language by all Indian institutional repositories. Besides English, Hindi is the
second most used language i.e. 4 followed by Arabic language used by 2 repositories. Malayalam, Bengali,
Gujarati, Persian, Sanskrit & Tamil language are the least used languages in the study concerned.
7.2. Subject Area-Wise Indian Repositories
Table 4 Subject Area-wise Indian repositories
S.No. Subjects Repository(s) Percentage
1 Multidisciplinary Etheses-A Saurashtra University Library
Service,
Dyuthi (Digital Repository of Cochin
University of Science & Technology),
DSpace@GGSIPU,
DSpace@GIPE,
DSpace@MS University,
DSpace@Thapar University,
ICRISAT Open Access repository,
E-Repository@IIHR,
DSpace@INFLIBNET,
Digital Repository of West Bengal Public
Library Network,
Institutional Repository@VSL,
Kautilya@IGIDR,
Mahatma Gandhi University Theses Online,
NISCAIR Online Periodical Repository
(NOPR),
Osmania University Digital Library(OUDL),
EPrints@UoM
DeepBlue Knowledge Repository@PDPU,
DIR@IMTECH,
Etd@IISc,
Eprints@IITD
DSpace@IITB
49%
1 1 1 1 1 1 24
43
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Institutional Repositories in India: An Evaluative Study
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 179 [email protected]
2 Health & Medicine Knoor,
Eprints@CMFRI,
Eprints@MDRF,
DKR@CDRI,
Eprints@NIRT
Indian Academy of Sciences: Publications of
Fellows
13%
3 Technology General Knoor,
Indian Academy of Sciences: Publications of
Fellows,
Eprints@NML,
DRS@NIO,
Institutional Repository@CSIO,
National Aerospace Laboratories
Institutional Repository (NAL Repository)
13%
4 Science General Knoor,
Indian Academy of Sciences: Publications of
Fellows,
IACS Institutional Repository,
DSpace@NIO,
National Science Digital Library (NSDL)
11%
5 Physics & Astronomy DSpace@NITR,
DSpace@IIA,
Institutional Repository@CSIO,
Eprints@IISc,
RRI Digital Repository
11%
6 Chemistry & Chemical Technology Eprints@IISc,
Institutional Repository@CSIO,
DSpace@IUCAA,
DSpace@NITR,
Eprints@NML
11%
7 Biology & Biochemistry Eprints@CMFRI,
DKR@CDRI,
Eprints@NIRT,
Institutional Repository@CSIO
9%
8 Mathematics & Statistics Eprint@IISc,
National Aerospace Laboratories
Institutional Repository (NAL Repository),
DSpace@IMSC
7%
9 Mechanical Engineering & Materials National Aerospace Laboratories
Institutional Repository (NAL Repository),
Institutional Repository@CSIO,
DSpace@NITR
7%
10 Agriculture, Food & Veterinary Knoor,
Eprints@CMFRI,
Eprints@IARI
7%
11 Business & Economics DSpace@IIMK 4%
Sofi Gh Mohiuddin Jeelani, Haamid Amin Mir and Basharat Ahmad Wani
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 180 [email protected]
12 Electrical & Electronic Engineering Institutional Repository@CSIO,
IR@CECRI
4%
13 Earth & Planetary Science Institutional Repository@CSIO,
DSpace@IUCAA
4%
14 Ecology & Environment Eprints@CMFRI 4%
15 Computers & Information
Technology
Institutional Repository@CSIO 4%
16 Management & Planning Institutional Repository@CSIO 2%
17 Arts & Humanities General DRS@NIO 2%
18 Geography & regional Studies Archives of Indian Labour 2%
19 Social Sciences General Archives of Indian Labour 2%
20 Law & Politics Archives of Indian Labour 2%
21 History & Archeology Archives of Indian Labour 2%
Figure 4 Subject Area-Wise Indian Repositories
1=2%
1=2%
1=2%
1=2%
1=2%
1=2%
1=2%
1=2%
1=2%
2=5%
2=5%
3=7%
3=7%
3=7%
4=9%
5=12%
5=12%
5=12%
6=14%
6=14%
21=49%
0 5 10 15 20 25
History & Archeology
Computers & IT
Ecology & Environment
Business & Economics
Law & Politics
Social Sciences General
Geography & Regional Studies
Arts & Humanities General
Management & Planning
Earth & Planetary Science
Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Agriculture, Food & Veterinary
Mechanical Engineering & Materials
Mathematics & Statistics
Biology & Biochemistry
Chemistry & Chemical Technology
Science General
Physics & Astronomy
Technology General
Health & Medicine
Multidisciplinary
Subject Area-Wise Indian Repositories
Institutional Repositories in India: An Evaluative Study
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 181 [email protected]
Table 5 Year-Wise Growth Rate of Indian institutional repositories
Year No. Of Repository Growth Rate
(%) 1998 1 2.32
1999 0 0
2000 0 0
2001 0 0
2002 0 0
2003 0 0
2004 3 7
2005 5 11.62
2006 3 7
2007 2 4.65
2008 4 9.30
2009 6 13.95
2010 5 11.62
2011 4 9.30
2012 0 0
2013 2 4.65
2014 1 2.32
Not Defined 7 16.30
Total 43 100
Figure 5 Year wise growth rate of Indian Institutional repositories
10 0 0 0 0
3
5
32
4
65
4
0
21
7
2.32
0 0 0 0 0
7
11.62
7
4.65
9.3
13.95
11.62
9.3
0
4.65
2.32
16.3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
No
. o
f R
ep
osi
tory
Year
Growth Rate of Repositories
No. Of Repository
Growth Rate (%)
Sofi Gh Mohiuddin Jeelani, Haamid Amin Mir and Basharat Ahmad Wani
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 182 [email protected]
8. FINDINGS 1. From Table 1, it is evident that “Archives of Indian Labour” is the first Institutional repository in India
established in 1998 and “EPrints@NIRT” is the latest one as established in 2014.Among 43 Institutional
repositories, 3 repositories contain exclusively electronic thesis and dissertation. These three repositories are
as under:
• Mahatma Gandhi University Thesis Online
• Etheses@Saurashtra and
• etd@IISc
It is also clear from Table 1 that the largest repository is ‘Indian Academy of Science: Publication of
Fellows with 91995 documents/items and ‘DSpace@GGSIPU’ is the smallest institutional repository with
only 137 documents/items’
2. From table 2, it is evident that:
• There are355883documents availablein 43 institutional repositories, out of which 91995(25.84%) are
available in “Indian Academy of Sciences: Publication of Fellows”. The second and the third largest
repositories are “Archives of Indian Labor” and Eprints@IISc with 42845(12.03%) and 37502(10.53%)
documents respectively. However, three repositories viz., ETD@IISC, E Theses-A Saurashtra University
Library service and Mahatma Gandhi University Theses Online exclusively deal with theses. The other
repositories also contain thesis though in small numbers.
• The number of Journal articles account for 66.29% (235919) of the total number of documents within the
repositories as is evident from table 3. ‘Indian Academy of Sciences: Publications of Fellows’ contains the
highest number of Journal Articles/Research papers (91995) followed by EPrints@IISc (30652) and NOPR
(26083), where as KNooR (Knowledge Repository Open Network) DSpace@IIMK contains the lowest
number i.e.(1), followed by DeepBlue Knowledge Repository@PDPU, DSpace@INFLIBNET and KnoOR
with (20), (65) and (89) respectively. The Conference papers/proceedings/workshop items account for
4.41% (15702) of the total document collection of the repositories. The highest number of these documents
are found in Eprints@IISc (5293) and the lowest in KnooR (1).
• The cumulative number of books/book chapters in the repositories is 36354 (10.21%). The highest numbers
are available in Digital Repository of West Bengal Public Library Network (9744) followed by
DSpace@GIPE (9619) and Archives of Indian Labor (5633). Out of the total 12577 Theses & Dissertations,
2470 are present in DSpace@TU followed by etd@IISc with 2255 and Dyuthi with 2070. There are total
41020 unpublished reports/Working papers available in all institutional repositories, out of which Archives
of Indian Labor alone contain 32127, followed by NAL Repository (3117) and Institutional
Repository@VSL (2028). Out of the total 9828 Multimedia & Learning Objects, Archives of Indian Labor
contain the majority 31.43% (3089), seconded by Eprints@IISc (1341).
• The Miscellaneous items, which include patents, reviews, corrections, additions, study centers/units,
editorials, convocations, ideas, short communications, interviews etc., constitute 1.25% of the total
collection of the repositories (Table2). Items in these repositories are presented diagrammatically in fig 1.
3. It is evident from the Fig.2 and Table 3 that the Institutional Repositories in India are rapidly
growing with the help of open source software like DSpace, GNU EPrints, Nitya, HTML etc. Out
of the 43 institutional repositories, 27 have opted for DSpace software (63%) because of its ability
to provide a permanent access to digital content. Another feature of D Sapce is that anybody can
download and customize the application to fit their needs, as the software is free and open source.
Eprints is the second most used software as 14 repositories use this software (33%). Nitya &
HTML are the other but least used software (2%) each.
4. Considering the language diversity all of the 43 repositories, it is evident from Fig.3 that English is
used as a basic language by all Indian institutional repositories. Besides English, Hindi is the
second most used language i.e. 4 followed by Arabic language used by 2 repositories. Malayalam,
Bengali, Gujarati, Persian, Sanskrit & Tamil language are the least used languages in the study
concerned.
Institutional Repositories in India: An Evaluative Study
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 183 [email protected]
5. The data from the Table 4 reveal that maximum no. of repositories contain multidisciplinary
literature in them. Among the various subjects present in Indian institutional repositories,
Multidisciplinary forms the majority with 49%, followed by Health & Medicine 13%, Technology
General 13%, Science General 11%, Physics and Astronomy 11%, Chemistry and Chemical
Technology 11%, Biology and Biochemistry 9%, Mathematics and statistics 7%, Mechanical
Engineering & Materials 7%, Agriculture Food and Veterinary 7%, etc. Among the chosen 43, a
total number of 21 Institutional repositories are multidisciplinary in nature. 6 Institutional
repositories deal with Health & Medicine and Technology General. 5 institutional repositories
exclusively deal with Physics & Astronomy, Science General and Chemistry & Chemical
Technology. Other repositories contain documents regarding Biology & Biochemistry,
Mathematics & Statistics, Mechanical Engineering & Materials, Agriculture, Food & Veterinary,
Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Earth & Planetary Science, Management & Planning, Arts &
Humanities, Geography & Regional Studies, Social Sciences General, Law & Politics etc.
Therefore, it can be stated that, Indian repositories are keeping bias to cover multidisciplinary
literature than specific subject area.
6. From Table 6, it is evident that institutional repositories in India have witnessed varying growth
rates. Although the growth momentum during initial years of development witnessed a sudden
increase i.e. 2.32% in 1998 but later this momentum gradually decreased i.e.0% (from 1999 to
2003). Fortunately, from 2003 onwards, due to efforts of UGC and concerned R&D centers, there
is a visible increase in growth of institutional repositories which recently fluctuated upto 16.30%.
9. CONCLUSION
An institutional repository is a very powerful practice that can serve as an engine of change for institutions
of higher education, and more broadly for the scholarly enterprises that they support. If an Institutional
Repository is properly developed and maintained, it advocates in realizing the goals of an institution, and
addresses an impressive range of needs. More and more universities in India have established their
institutional repositories. The functions and benefits of these Institutional repositories have been gradually
recognized by many countries, unfortunately, Institutional repositories in India are still at their embryonic
stage and there are still many works needed to be done. Institutional repositories’ sustainment and
development depend on many aspects like management, training, platform building, metadata
development, file format, quality control, and technology upgrade, but encouragement of faculty to
willingly contribute to institutional repositories is however an indispensable factor.
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