institutional repositories: the benefits they bring alma swan key perspectives ltd, truro, uk london...

Institutional repositories: The benefits they bring

Alma SwanKey Perspectives Ltd, Truro, UK

London Online Information meeting

30 November 2005

Key Perspectives Ltd

A little bit of history…

Computer scientists started self-archiving their articles decades ago

Citeseer (circa 750,000 articles)

Physicists followed

arXiv (circa 340,000 articles)

‘Centralised’ archives (subject-based)


What are institutional repositories?Electronic archivesInstitutional, school or departmentalDepot for:o research articleso datao researcher informationo institutional informationo and much more…


Advantages to an institutionFulfils a university’s mission to engender, encourage and disseminate scholarly workEnables a university to compile a complete record of its intellectual effortForms a permanent record of all digital output from an institutionEnables standardised online CVs for all researchers (e.g. RAE exercise)‘Marketing’ tool for universities


Advantages to researchers

Secure storage (for completed work and for work-in-progress)A location for supporting data that are unpublishedA location for all digital objectsOne-input-many outputs (CVs, publications)


How many institutions have them?Over 500Most are institution-wideSome are departmentalSome are cross-institutionalSome are nationalSome are subject-specificSome contain only specific types of article (e.g. theses/dissertations)


How do you build a repository?

Repository software EPrints (University of Southampton)

CDSWare (CERN)

FEDORA (Cornell U and U of Virginia)

DSpace (MIT)

Server

Technical expertise


What goes into a repository?PostprintsPreprintsSupporting dataConference papersBook chapters (or whole books/monographs)Working papersTechnical reportsTheses/dissertationsCourseware


0

10

20

30

40

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60

70%

re

spo

nd

en

ts

Postprint

Conference paper

Preprint

Technical report

Working paper

Book chapter

Dissertation or thesis

Courseware

Discussion paper

Software

Monograph

Manual

Video file

Audio file


Why researchers publish

0

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20

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Communicateresults to peers

Advance career Personal prestige Gain funding Financial reward


Citations

0

10

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50

60

% r

es

po

nd

en

ts

0 to 2 3 to 5 6 to 10 Morethan 10

Don'tknow


Overall proportion of people using these

‘Traditional’ bibliographic services: 98%

OAI search services: 30%


Recent developments

Google Scholar ISI’s Web Citation Index

Ways to self-archive

Place article on web page

Place article in institutional repository

Place article in subject-based repository


Overall self-archiving activity level

0

5

10

15

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25

30

% r

espo

nden

ts

Preprint onweb page

Postprint onweb page

Preprint inIR

Postprint inIR

Preprint insubjectarchive

Postprint insubjectarchive


Length of self-archiving experience

0

5

10

15

20

25

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35

% r

es

po

nd

en

ts

>5 years 3-5 years 2-3 years Last year only


Awareness of self-archivingOf those who have not self-archived any articles:29% are aware of the possibility of providing open access this way71% are notNon-archivers = 51% of the population36% of researchers are not aware of the possibility of self-archiving


Publisher permissions

92% of journals permit self-archiving

SHERPA/RoMEO list at:

www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php

Or at: http://romeo.eprints.org/stats.php


What can encourage self-archiving?

Highlighting the increased visibility and impact


Open access increases citations

Lawrence 2001 (computer science)

Kurtz 2004 (astronomy)

Brody & Harnad 2004 (all disciplines)

Antelman 2005 (philosophy, politics, electrical & electronic engineering, mathematics)

Wren 2005 (biomedicine)


“Self-archiving in the PhilSci Archive has given instant world-wide visibility to my work. As a result, I was invited to submit papers to refereed international conferences/journals and got them accepted.”

An author’s testimony


What can encourage self-archiving?

Highlighting the increased visibility and impact

Requiring authors to self-archive


Author readiness to comply with a mandate

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10

20

30

40

50

60

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80

90

% r

esp

on

de

nts

Would complywillingly

Would complyreluctantly

Would notcomply

81%

14%5%


The mandates are appearingQUT

CERN

School of ECS, Southampton University

University of Minho

University of Zurich

Compliance as expected


University of Tasmania

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Actualdocuments

DESTpublications


University of Queensland

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Queensland University of Technology

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Authors say…

“I publish because it is a professional responsibility, and demanded by my employment contract.”

“It is a requirement of my job.”


Increasing author awareness

Make them AWARE:of the citation advantage of open access workof the existence of IRs and what is in them that THEY can self-archive too and reap the benefits (peers, word of mouth, statistics)of the issues involved:

easy to dodoesn’t take long – just a few minutes, just a few keystrokescopyright

of moves on the official requirement to self-archive officially require them to self-archive!


What to do to help

Build an archiveTeach them how to deposit (do it for them if necessary)Advocate: tell authors the advantagesReassure: the consequences are not disastrousInsist they do it (impose a mandate)


Positive reinforcement

Providing ‘hit’ statistics

Demonstrating the citation advantage

Showing authors how to find citation counts


Previous studies on Open Access

Authors and Open Access publishing:

www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/JISCOAReport1.pdf

Model for a UK national eprints delivery system:

www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/ACF1E88.pdf

All reports on OA, including articles published in journals:

www.keyperspectives.co.uk

Funded by JISC and OSI: www.jisc.ac.uk/


Thank you for listening

[email protected]


institutional repositories: the benefits they bring alma swan key perspectives ltd, truro, uk london...

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