MICROBIOLOGY

LAB REPORT -01TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO A BASIC

MICROBILOGY LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS.

Submitted By

ID: 2015-1-77-033

Date: 30 July 2015

Autoclave: It work in a similar way like pressure cookers, but they're typically used in a more

extreme form of cooking: to blast the bugs and germs on things with steam long enough to sterilize them. The extra pressure in an autoclave means that water boils at a temperature higher than its normal boiling

point—roughly 20°C hotter—so it holds and carries more heat and kills microbes more effectively. A lengthy blast of high-pressure steam is much more effective at penetrating and sterilizing things than a quick wipe in ordinary hot water! An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121 °C (249°F) for around 15–20 minutes depending on the size of the load and the contents.

Figure: Autoclave

Hydroclave: A hydroclave is a complex engineering system essentially used for curing

components fabricated from advanced composites under conditions of high pressure and temperature.

Figure: Hydroclave

Hot dry air sterilization : It is generally used for materials that tolerate high temperatures,

generally metal or glass. It is the method of choice whenever possible, as the glass surface, being in direct contact with the product, can be the origin of pyrogenic contamination, and dry air is an effective agent for destroying pyrogens. It also has the advantage that the processed material emerges dry at the end of the cycle.

Figure: Dry air sterilization

Laminar air flows : Laminar Flow can maintain a working area devoid of contaminants. Many medical and research laboratories require sterile working environments in order to carry out specialised work. Laminar Flow Cabinets can provide the solution. Laminar Flow Cabinets create particle-free working environments by projecting air through a filtration system and exhausting it across a work surface in a laminar or uni-directional air stream. They provide an excellent clean air environment for a number of laboratory requirements. Laminar Flow Cabinets are suitable for a variety of applications and especially where an individual clean air environment is required for smaller items, e.g. particle sensitive electronic devices.In the laboratory, Laminar Flow Cabinets are commonly used for specialised work.Laminar Flow Cabinets can be tailor made to the specific requirements of the laboratory and are also ideal for general lab work, especially in the medical, pharmaceutical, electronic and industrial sectors.

Figure: Air flow cabinet

Incubator:Incubator an apparatus for maintaining optimal conditions for growth and development, such as temperature and humidity, especially one used in the early care of premature infants, or one used for cultures. The primary purpose of the incubator used for preterm newborns is to surround the infant with some of the environmental conditions normally provided in the uterus and necessary until he reaches approximately the level of development of a full-term infant.The temperature within the incubator is regulated so that the infant's temperature is maintained between 35.5° and 36.6°C (96° to 98°F). Humidity is kept at 50 to 60 per cent unless there is respiratory difficulty, in which case the humidity may be raised as high as 85 to 100 per cent. Oxygen is added in concentrations not exceeding 30 to 40 per cent only as long as the infant is cyanotic because of the danger of RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA with high concentrations of oxygen.

Figure: Incubator

Microscope: It an optical instrument having a magnifying lens or a combination of lenses for

inspecting objects too small to be seen or too small to be seen distinctly and in detail by the unaided eye.

Figure: Microscope

Beaker: Beaker are useful as a reaction container or to hold liquid orsolid samples. They are also used to catch liquids from titrations and filtrates from filtering operations.

Figure: Beaker

Spatula: A spatula is used to take and handle small quantities of solid chemicals. It serves as a

spoon.Laboratory spatulas are ideal for removing chemicals or compounds from small bottles, and for applying cultures or other substances to slides for microscope viewing. You can also use them to scrape away samples of biological materials, or chemical precipitates and residues. Many brands are resistant to acids, bases and solvents, which makes them safe for use in a broader spectrum of compounds.

Figure: Spatula

Test tube: Test tubes are usually made of borosilicate glass so they can resist reaction with chemicals

and withstand temperature changes without breaking. Some test tubes are made from plastic and in most cases they are disposed of after use unlike the ones made from glass.

Figure: Test tube

Weighing Balance : An weighing balance is a class of balance designed to measure small mass in the sub-milligram range. The measuring pan of an analytical balance (0.1 mg or better) is inside a transparent enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect and so any air currents in the room do not affect the balance's operation. This enclosure is often called a draft shield. The use of a mechanically vented balance safety enclosure, which has uniquely designed acrylic airfoils, allows a smooth turbulence-free airflow that prevents balance fluctuation and the measure of mass down to 1 μg without fluctuations or loss of product.

Figure: Weighing balance