integrated lighting & acoustic with design studio 5

Bachelor of Science (Honours)

(Architecture) Building Science 2 [ARC

3413]

Project 2: Integrated Lighting &

Acoustic with Design Studio 5

by:

Kian Soon Jean

Tutor: Mr. Rizal

[0314978]

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 LIGHTING ANALYSIS

1.1 Natural Daylighting

1.1.1 Zone: 1st Floor Caf 2

1.1.2 Zone: 2nd Floor Publishing Office 4

1.2 Artificial Lighting 6

1.2.1 Zone: Ground Floor Library 7

1.2.2 Zone: 2nd floor Printing Office 10

2.0 ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS

2.1 Zone: Ground Floor Library 13

2.2 Zone: 2nd floor Printing Office 18

3.0 APPENDIX 23

4.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 26

PAGES

1.0 LIGHTING ANALYSIS 1.1 Natural Daylighting

According to Department of Standards Malaysia. (2007), the daylight factor

distribution is described in the table below.

=

100%

DF: Daylight factor

Ei: Indoor illuminance

Eo: Outdoor illuminance

1.1.1 Zone: 1st Floor Caf

The cafe faces a highway where in that direction, it is exposed to Western sunlight.

The open faade is employed in order to encourage cross ventilation where prevailing

winds are strongest. Roof overhang and timber roller shades are used to prevent glare

and vegetation is planted along the faade to work as an acoustic barrier and air

purifier.

HIGHWAY BACKALLEY CAFE

1ST FLOOR PLAN

N

2

Daylight Factor, DF

Ideal lux levels for reading-caf: 300-500 lux

Floor area (2) 60

Daylight opening

area (2)

74

Daylight opening

area to floor area

ratio

(DF)

=123% x 0.1

=12.3%

74

60 100%

Given, Eo (Reading

obtained from site A)

11000 lux

DF= (

100%)

Ei= (DF x Eo) / 100%

Ei= (12.3% x 11000) /100%

= 1353 lux

Conclusion:

The caf has a daylight factor of 12.3% which is very bright. The calculation for

daylighting is 1353lux, whereas the standard illuminance level is 300-500 lux for a caf

that encourages reading activities (Department of Standards Malaysia, 2007). These

calculations are higher due to the exclusion of the factor of timber roller shades and an

overhang roof that is used to shade the space to prevent glare and excess daylighting.

1.1.1 Zone: 1st Floor Cafe

3

1.1.2 Zone: 2nd Floor Publishing Office The publishing office receives indirect daylighting as it is well shaded by roof overhangs. It is situated beside a courtyard which receives sunlight all day.

HIGHWAY BACKALLEY

PUBLISHING OFFICE

2ND FLOOR PLAN

N

4

Daylight Factor, DF

Ideal lux levels for proof-reading activities in a publications office: 500 lux

Floor area (2) 38.4

Daylight opening

area area (2)

27.6

Daylight opening

area to floor area

ratio

(DF)

=72% x 0.1

=7.2%

27.6

38.4 100%

Given, Eo

(Reading obtained

from site A)

7800 lux

DF= (

100%)

Ei= (DF x Eo) / 100%

Ei= (7.2% x 7800) / 100%

= 518.4 lux

Conclusion:

The public reading area has a daylight factor of 9.3% which is very bright. The

calculation for daylighting is 518.4 lux which fulfills the illuminance level required for

proof-reading tasks (MS1525, 2007). These calculations exclude the fact that the

space is shaded by a roof overhang which means that lux levels may be lower than

calculated. Artificial lighting would be needed to overcome this deficiency.

1.1.2 Zone: 2nd Floor Publishing Office

5

1.2 Artificial Lighting

By using the given formula below:

E x A

F x UF x MF

N =

where,

N = Number Of Lamps Required

E = Illuminance Level Required (lux)

A = Area at Working Plane Height (m)

F = Average Luminous Flux from Each Lamp (lm)

UF = Utilisation Factor, an Allowance for the Light Distribution of the

luminaire and the Room Surfaces

MF = Maintenance Factor, an Allowance for Reduced Light Output because of

deterioration and Dirt

(Lights by Linea, n.d.)

6

1.2.1 Zone: Ground Floor Library

Ideal illuminance levels for a library is between 300-500lux, according to MS1525

(2007). The desired level of lighting for the proposed ground floor library is 400 lux.

The type of luminaire used is as shown below:

Bulb Fiction pendant light

Lamp type Initial

lumen

Wattage Voltage Light color CRI

Incandescent 2800 42 120 Soft white 100

HIGHWAY BACKALLEY LIBRARY

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

N

7

Lumen Method Calculation

Conclusion:

36 incandescent pendant light bulbs are needed to light up the library in order to

achieve the required illuminance level at 400 lux.

Activity Reading

Room Dimension (m) L = 10, W = 6

Total floor area (m) 60

Standard illuminance required (lm) 400

Mounting height (hm) 4.5 1

=3.5m

Room index (K),

L x W

(L + W) x hm

= 10 x 6 /[(10 + 6) x 3.5]

= 1.1

Assumed reflectance value 70, 30, 10

Utilization factor (UF)

(Based on utilization factor table)

0.3

Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8

Lumen calculation

= 400 x 602800 0.3 0.8

= 35.7

= 36 luminaires

Numbers of luminaires on across

(Length)

/

(1036/6) =7.7

Thus, spacing = 10/7.7

= 1.3m

Numbers of luminaires along

(width)

/

(636/10) = 4.6

Thus, spacing = 6/4.6

= 1.3m


8

Conclusion:

40 incandescent pendant light bulbs are needed to light up the library in order to

achieve the required illuminance level at 400 lux.


9

1.2.2 Zone: 2nd floor Printing Office

Ideal illuminance levels for an office is between 300-400lux, according to Department

of Standards Malaysia. (2007). The desired level of lighting for the proposed 2nd floor

printing office is 400 lux. The type of luminaire used is as shown below:

SA-Type T12 Fluorescent Lamp Tube

Lamp type Initial

lumen

Wattage Voltage Light color CRI Colour

Temperature

Incandescent 1200 20 120 Cold white 60 4000K

HIGHWAY BACKALLEY

PRINTING OFFICE

2ND FLOOR PLAN

N

10

Lumen Method Calculation

Conclusion:

52 fluorescent lamp tubes are needed to light up the printing office in order to achieve

the required illuminance level at 400 lux.

Activity Printing

Dimension (m) L = 9.9, W = 3.4

Total floor area (m) 33.7

Standard illuminance required (lm) 400

Mounting height (hm) 4 1

= 3m

Room index (K),

L x W

(L + W) x hm

= 9.9 x 3.4/ [(9.9 + 3.4) x 3]

= 0.8

Assumed reflectance value 70, 30, 10

Utilization factor (UF)

(Based on utilization factor table)

0.27

Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8

Lumen calculation

= 400 x 33.71200 0.27 0.8

= 52

= 52 luminaires

Numbers of luminaires on across

(Length)

/

(9.9 52 / 3.4) =12.3

Thus, spacing = 9.9/12.3

= 8m

Numbers of luminaires along

(width)

/

(3.4 52 / 9.9) = 4.2

Thus, spacing = 3.4/4.2

= 0.8m


11

Conclusion:

52 fluorescent lamp tubes are needed to light up the printing office in order to achieve

the required illuminance level at 400 lux.


12

2.0 ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS

Reverberation Time [RT] formulae:

Human speaking voice ranges from 100-600Hz (Grondzik, 2010), thus material

absorption coefficient value is taken at 500Hz

Combined Sound Intensity Level (SIL) formulae:

Sound Reduction Index (SRI) formulae:

2.1 Zone: Ground Floor Library

The Library faces a highway . It is also located next to a book market area.

t = 0.16V

A

SIL = 1010

1 1012

SRI=10 log (1/T)

HIGHWAY BACKALLEY LIBRARY

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

N

BOOK MARKET

13

Building Element

Material Absorption Coefficient, a

Total Area, m2

m2 X a

Ceiling Unfinished Concrete

0.02 60 1.2

Wall Unglazed Brickwork

0.03 69.3 2.1

Door 1 Glass 0.04 29.7 1.2

Door 2 Timber Bookshelves with books

0.3 45 13.5

Floor Timber Flooring 0.1 60 6

Furniture Sofa 0.8 36 28.8

52 Total Absorption, A

Conclusion:

Reveberation time in the library at 0.8s is well below the optimum level set by

Ashrae.org. (2011).

Space volume: 270m3

t = [0.16 x V] / A

= [0.16 x 270] / 52 = 0.8s

Optimum t for library :

External noise source:

70dB from the highway

Internal noise source:

From ground floor book market: 55dB

70 = 1010IMain road 1 1012

107 x (1 1012) = IMain road

IMain road = 1x 10-5

IExternal = 1 x 10-5

55 = 1010Imarket 1 1012

105.5 x (1 1012) = Imarket

Imarket= 3.2 x 10-7

Optimum sound level for library : 40dB- 45dB

Combined external and internal SIL for library:

Conclusion:

The combined SIL in the library is 70dB which exceeds the optimum sound levels for

library at 40dB-45dB.

Total intensities = (1 x 10-5) + (3.2 x 10-7)

= 1 x 10-5

Total SIL for library =10101 x 1051 1012

= 70 dB


15


GROUND FLOOR PLAN

N

Unglazed brickwall

Glass wall

Timber bookshelves

wall

HIGHWAY LIBRARY

BOOK MARKET

Materials Sound

reduction

index (dB)

Surface

area /

Transmission

coefficient

material

Surface area x

transmission

coefficient

material

Plastered

brickwall

44 25 4 105

1 x 10-3

Glass wall 26 16 2.5 x 10-3 0.04

Timber

Bookshelves

40 45 1 x 10-4

4.5 x 10-3

Total 86 .

16

Conclusion:

As shown in the SRI calculation above, 32.3dB can be reduced during transmission of

sound into the library. The total sound transmitted into the library is 70dB - 32.3dB =

37.7dB, which is slightly below the range of the recommended sound levels at 40dB-

45dB.

= ( )

= 0.0455

86

= 5.3 10 -4

= 10101

= 10101

5.3 104

= 32.3dB


i. Plastered brickwall

SRIbrick = 44

44 = 10 log (1/Tbrick)

Tbrick = 4 x10-5

ii. Glass wall

SRIglass = 26

26 = 10 log (1/Tglass)

Tglass = 2.5 x 10-3

ii. Timber

bookshelves wall

SRItimber = 40

40 = 10 log (1/Ttimber)

Ttimber = 1 x 10-4

Transmission coefficient of materials:

17

2.2 Zone: 2nd floor Printing Office

The printing office faces a back-alley and is located next to a publishing office.

HIGHWAY BACKALLEY

PRINTING OFFICE

2ND FLOOR PLAN

N

18

Building Element

Material Absorption Coefficient, a

Total Area, m2

m2 X a

Ceiling Bamboo Poles 0.1 33.7 3.4

Wall Unglazed Brickwork

0.03 64.4 1.9

Door Glass 0.04 5.76 0.2

Floor Timber Flooring

0.1 33.7 3.4

Furniture Sofa 0.8 18 14.4

Timber Table 0.06 2 0.1

Plastic/Metal Chair

0.14 0.8 0.1

Timber Bookshelf with books

0.3 2 0.6

24.1


Space volume: 151.5m3

t = [0.16 x V] / A

= [0.16 x 151.5] / 24.1 = 1s

Total Absorption, A

Conclusion:

Reveberation time for the printing office at 1second is above the ideal level of 0.8

second and below. This may be solved by installing acoustic panels in the office in

order for better speech clarity between the client and salesperson.

Optimum t for print shop: < 0.8s

19

External noise source:

55dB from the backalley

Internal noise source:

From publishing office: 40dB

40 = 1010Ioffice 1 1012

104 x (1 1012) = Ioffice

Ioffice = 1x 10-8

IExternal = 3.2 x 10-7

55 = 1010Ibackalley 1 1012

105.5 x (1 1012) = Ibackalley

Ibackalley= 3.2 x 10-7

Optimum sound level for print shop: 55dB- 70dB

Combined external and internal SIL for printing office:

Conclusion:

The combined SIL in the printing office is 55.2dB which fulfills the optimum sound

levels for a print shop at 55dB-70dB.

Total intensities = (3.2 x 10-7) + (1x 10-8)

= 3.3 x 10-7

Total SIL for printing office =10103.3 x 107 1 1012

= 55.2 dB


20


PUBLISHING OFFICE

BACKALLEY PRINTING OFFICE

2ND FLOOR PLAN

N

Unglazed brickwall

Glass wall

Materials Sound

reduction

index (dB)

Surface

area /

Transmission

coefficient

material

Surface area x

transmission

coefficient

material

Unglazed

brickwall

44 27.2 4 105

1.1 x 10-3

Glass wall 26 39.6 2.5 x 10-3 0.1

Total 66.8 .

21

Conclusion:

As shown in the SRI calculation above 28.2dB can be reduced during transmission of

sound to and from the printing office. Total sound transmitted into the printing office is

55.2dB - 28.2dB = 27dB, which is well below the range of the recommended sound

levels at 55dB- 70dB.

= ( )

= 0.1

66.8

= 1.5 10 -3

= 10101

= 10101

1.5 103

= 28.2dB


i. Unglazed brickwall

SRIbrick = 44

44 = 10 log (1/Tbrick)

Tbrick = 4 x10-5

ii. Glass wall

SRIglass = 26

26 = 10 log (1/Tglass)

Tglass = 2.5 x 10-3

Transmission coefficient of materials:

22

3.0 Appendix

Department of Standards Malaysia. (2007). Recommended average

illuminance levels [Table]. 23

Grondzik, W. T. (2010). Chapter 19 Building Noise Control. In Mechanical and electrical

equipment for buildings (11th ed., p. 831). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

3.0 Appendix

24

3.0 Appendix

Ashrae.org. (2011, January). Recommended sound criteria for intermediate

measurements [Table]. Retrieved from www.ashrae.org 25

4.0 Bibliography

Ashrae.org. (2011). Acoustic Performance Measurement Protocols. ASHRAE

Journal , 32. Retrieved from www.ashrae.org

Ashrae.org. (2011, January). Recommended sound criteria for intermediate

measurements [Table]. Retrieved from www.ashrae.org

Department of Standards Malaysia. (2007). MALAYSIAN STANDARD.

Department of Standards Malaysia. (2007). Recommended average illuminance

levels [Table].

Grondzik, W. (2010). Mechanical and electrical equipment for buildings. Hoboken,

N.J.: Wiley

Lights by Linea. (n.d.). Utilisation factor [Table]. Retrieved from

http://lightsbylinea.com/index.php?route=information/information&information_id=

10

Randall, R. (2005). An Introduction to Acoustics (p. 196). Mineola: Dover

Publications.

26
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integrated lighting & acoustic with design studio 5

Documents

lux floor area

area area

lux df

floor publishing office

floor area ratio df

floor cafe

floor printing office

df x eo