SND C2 SPO

Maj. LeRoy PedoneUSAF/AFMC/ESC/NDCI

GSAW993-5 March 1999

Integrated SpaceCommand andControl (ISC2)

SND C2 SPO

Outline

• NORAD USSPACECOM Warfighter Support System (N/UWSS)Initiative

• Architecture initiatives• Impact of evolving standards• Defining and managing architectures

SND C2 SPOSPACE-BASED COMM LINKS

MISSILEWARNING SENSOR

PROCESSING

IR GROUNDPROCESSING

ENDURABLE GROUND

PROCESSING

PHASE 1

CINC’s C2 NODES

ENGAGEMENTNODE PROCESSING

REMAININGC2 NODES

BEYOND PHASE 1

SATELLITECONTROL

PROCESSING

ATMOSPHERICSENSOR PROCESSING

LAUNCHRANGE

PROCESSINGSPACE TRACKSENSOR

PROCESSING

TERRESTRIALCOMM LINKS

N/UWSS: Future BM/C2 Functions and Systems forNORAD/USSPACECOM Mission Areas

N/UWSS Scope

SND C2 SPO

N/UWSS Mission Scope

• Command and Control for– Strategic Missile Warning– Air Defense and Warning– National Missile Defense– Space Control– Space Support– Space Force Enhancement– Space Force Application– Information Operations

SND C2 SPO

Global Infosphere• C4I Warrior Tenets• Global Grid

Mission Needs• Interoperable BM/C2• Warfighting Warning Information• Space Product Integration• Flexible to Evolve• Reduce Cost of Ownership

USSPACECOM• Full Force Integration• Global Partnerships• Global Engagement• Control of Space

Ops Concept

COLD WAR - Strategic Focus

Strategic & Theater - Global Focus

NORAD• Precision Tracking• Precision Engagement• Integrated Battle Mgmt• Focused Logistics

Workaround Workaround

N/UWSS Thrust

SND C2 SPO

N/UWSS Content

• Strategic Warning & North American Defense– Migrate existing warning & NORAD C2 systems

• Enable global information availability/interoperability• Align with joint C2 doctrine• Address sustainment problems• Evolve to DII COE/GCCS based infrastructure• NORAD/USSPACECOM COP

– Integrate expanding mission responsibilities• Global Space Battle Management C2• Single Focal Point for Space• Global Space Partners Integration• Incorporate National Missile Defense C2• Information Operations

• Theater support & integration– Add new space C2 capabilities

• Integrate emerging capabilities to effective ops tools

Leverage off-the-shelf capabilitiesAdd new C2 decision supportImprove collaborative (vertical & horizontal) planningAlign with Joint Doctrine

• Enable theater space information integration

SND C2 SPOThe Path to N/UWSS Business Case and POM Input

Activity Modeling

ImprovementAnalysis

Operator Conducts:

As-Is Architecture

Activity BasedCosting

To-Be Architecture

To-BeIntegration

Policy Guidance- Joint Vision 2010- CINCs Vision- C4ISR Guidance

Operator DrivenReengineering

InformationInfrastructureAssessment• As-Is System Architecture• As-Is Data Structures

MigrationSelectionCriteria

Business CaseDevelopment

Migration Plan

Business Case

PE XYZ

3600

3400

3080

00 01 02...

POM Input

Part 1 Jan-Mar 97 Part 2 Apr-Jun 97 Part 3 Jul-Dec 97

N/UWSS Process

SND C2 SPO

Architecture Initiatives

• N/UWSS Operational Architecture Development– Approach– Products– Architecture evaluation

• Space Battle Manager Core System (SBMCS)• Migration of Space Architecture• Shared Early Warning

SND C2 SPO

Integrated Space C2 System

Path 1: Top-downTo Be Requirements(Vision)

Path 2: Bottoms-upMigration Initiatives(Implementation)

System Architecture System Architecture

IER Matrix

Tech ArchitectureTech Architecture

CSACSS

CSP/COP

Kernel

Shared Data

DII COE

Process

C2STA Capability view Distributed view Data view Security Production

Architecture Approach

ISC2Profile

Operational ArchitectureOperational Architecture

NodeConnectivity

Activity Model NewMissions

DII

Sustainment/Migration Systems/ReengineeringSustainment/Migration Systems/Reengineering

HQ

SOC

Use Cases

Req Min. Priority Thresh. Object. 00 01 02 03 04 051 2

SMM

SystemArchitectureObjectives

A-Specification Level requirements in DOORSSoftware Reengineering Products (?)

SND C2 SPO

V eri fy Asse ss & Report

A ttacks Ag ainst N/U or A l l ied A ssets

V al id ate A sse ss & Report

A ir Even ts

Va l i dat e A ssess & Re port

M issi le Events

V eri fy A ssess & Report

NBC Events

M onit or Ai r T ra cks

M on it or Forc e &

Reso urce Status

M oni tor Force E m plo ym ent

M aintai n Rel evant S i tuatio n Inform ation

Detect & Rep ortS atel l i te M ane uver

Order M issi le Defen se

Operati ons E xecution

Order A ir Opera tions

E xec ution

Pla n

S pecial A ctivi ties

Detect & Report

Satel l i te S eparatio n

Detect & Rep ort

S ate ll ite DeOrbi t

M on i to r Hi ja ck A ir T rac ks

V a li d at e & Repor t

E NHA Z Bio logical /Chem i ca l

P lan A ir Operat ions

RA OC/S AOC

Pl an Nat ional Mi ssi le De fen se Ope rat ionsA R SPA CE

NAV SP ACE

Pl an S pace Operat ions

A FS PA CE

V al ida te Asse ss & Report

NUDE T

Iden ti fy & Report Launch

Id enti fy & Rep ort

NUDET

Val i d ate A ssess & Re po rt

Reen try

M oni tor & Repo rt Na tural S pace En vironm en t

Detect & Re po rt Breaku p

B ui ld Co m m on

Opera tional P icture

Pred ict, De tect &

Re port Ree n try

S i tuat i on Di stribut ion S ervices

Val idate & Re port

ENHA Z Ra diolog ica l

Su bsc ri be t o S it ua ti o n Al erts

Su bscribe to S tandard Inform ation

S ets/Disp lays (e.g. COP )

S ubscribe to Use r Def ined Info rm at ion

S ets/Displays

S u bsc ri be to C onfe rence Displa ys

Push E ve nt to User

P ush Event t o Assessm ent

Id enti fy & Re portE rrant/Non-Nom ina l Launch

V al idate Assess & Report

La u nch

P la n

Spe ci al Tec hn ica l Operat io ns

P repare & T ransm it

Condi tio n Ch anges

A524 Pre pare Nuclear Contro l Order,

E AM , Force M an agem e nt Directive

A ssess & Repo rt

Fal lout

M oni tor Defe cto r Ai r T racks

M on i tor In -F l ight

Em e rgency Ai r T ra cks

M oni to r Spe ci al Intere st

Fore ign A ircraft T racks

A 525 Prep are NORA D Region Alert,

P ostu re, Flush & Execute Orders

S et Ar eas o f Respon si bi li ty /

Interest, Fi l ters & T hresh olds

S et A OR/A OI, Fi l te rs & Th resh olds for

Warni ng

S et A OR/A OI, Fi l te rs & Th resho lds

for In tel

Set A OR/AOI, Fi l ters & T hresholds

fo r M ission

S e t A OR/A OI , Fi lte rs & Th resh ol ds

for Force & Reso urce

S et A OR/AOI, F il te rs & T h resholds for

Fo rce Em p loym ent

M ain ta in & Respond t o

Perio d of In terest I nform ation

M aintai n & Respond to

Co operat iv e Pre dictiv e Infor m ation

M oni tor

M issi le Operatio ns

M ain tain Relevant S i tua tion

Inform atio n Other Govern m ent S ources

M a intain Relevan t Si tu ation

Inform ation Interna tional & US

P lan & Fore ca st Govern m ent & Co m m ercial & In ternatio nal Lau nch

T ransfer of Com m and A uthori ty

A uthe nt icate

Force Direction Orders

Archive Data

<<Uses>>

Reset E ve nt Da ta

<<Use s>>

R eport

L ess-Tha n-Re lease Launch

A nalyze & Rep ort Orbi ta l .

Safety Im pact

A na ly ze & Re po rt

Laser Il lum ination

Ana lyze & ReportOrbi tal Conjunction s

Detect & Re port Sa tel li t e

R en de zvo us an d Do cking

Report & Respon d to

Anom alous Even t

Ve ri fy Assess & Report

Co-Orbi ta l AS AT

V eri fy A ssess & Repo rtDi re ct A scen t A SA T

V e ri fy A ssess & Re po rt

Directed Ene rgy

Veri f y A ssess & Rep ort

E lec tr on ic Warfa re

V erif y A ssess & Repo rt

Grou nd A ttack/S abota ge

Verif y, Assess, & Rep ort

Inform a tion Warfare A ttack

V ali date Assess & Repo rt

T he a te r M issi le E ven ts

M oni tor & Report T erre stria l

We ather In form at ion E ve nts

P l an Com b at Su pp ort Ope ratio ns (G loba l S AT COM , Spa ce Based Nav ig a ti on,

E valuate NM D ROE s

P lan NM D Eng agem e nt Operat ions

Grant /Withdraw

NM D DE A

Cha nge NM D

Strategies & T actics

M anage NM D T argets

by E xcep tion

S et A OR/AOI , F i l te rs & Th reshol ds

fo r I nform ation Ope ra tions

Plan

In form at ion Opera tions

A52 2 Prepa re Fi ghter A le rt Force Order /

AWACS Contro l Dire ct ive

M oni tor Spa ce

Operatio ns

Pla n Recovery & Reconst i tution

of M issio n Force E lem e nts

CAP - Re cu rring

E xecution of Forces

DP - Develop

S t ra te gic Co nc ept

DP - Develop Draf t OPLA N

DP - Develop

Fin al OPL A N

DP - Develop

Su pportin g Pla ns

DP - De ve lop P lann ing Guida nce

Relocate NORAD/US S PA CEC OM Nod e

Fire

Bom b T hreat / Explosion

Loss of Power

L oss of Com m u nications

Si te Ev a cua ti on

NBC Attack

Relocate A FS PA CE SOC

M ai nta in Re lev ant Situ at ion I nf orma tio n Int el

M on i tor M i ssi ons

M o ni tor E nvironm ent

M a intain S atel l i te

S ystem Cha racteristics

Coordin ate & Rep ort

SA TRAN

M oni tor

Inform atio n Operati ons

M on itor

Ai r Ope rat ions

M oni tor

L eadership L ocations

M on i tor OP SCAP /SY S CA P

M on i tor Orde r of Battle

S up por t & Repo rt

Cooperative Laun ch

A nalyze & Repo rt

RFI

S upp ort T reaty M on i toring

A3 Plan Operatio ns

Anal yz e & R epor t S p a ce Lau nch

Col lect

& Rep ort S OI

V eri fy, A ssess, & Rep ort

Sp ace NUD ET A tta ck

<< Uses>> <<Uses> >

P lan S pace Com bat Operation s

Pl an Sp ace Su pport Ope rat ions

P lan G lob al Pa rtner/A l l ied Op eration s

< <Uses> >

< < Uses>>

<< Uses>>

< <Uses>>

A1 M oni to r Si tuation

< <Use s>>

NORA D/US SP ACECO

M A ssessor

N ORA D/USS PA CE C O

M CINC

HCA

Natio nal Intel /CIC

NORA D/USS PA CECO

M Op eratorCr iti ca l S it uati ons

A2 Asse ss Si tuatio n A 5 T ran sm i t Force Di rection Orders

<<Uses>>

<<Uses>>

<<Uses>>

< <Uses> >

<<Uses>>

.

<<Uses> >

HCA

NORAD/USS PA CE CO

M Ope rator

Warn ing/S i tuatio n Impa cts/

A s ses smen ts

NORA D/US SP ACECO

M CINC

NORA D/USS P ACECO

M Operator

CAP - De ve lop NORA D/USS PA CECOM

COA s

A4 M ake Force E m ploym e nt De ci sions

Employment Decisi ons

N ORA D/US SPA CE C O

M Operato r

COA s

Request De log

<<Use s>>

Plan G lobal S AT COM

P lan S pace B ased Navig ation

P l an Env ironm e n ta l M oni to ring

Pla n Sur vei l la n ce & Thr eat Wa rn ing

P lan Reconna issance

P lan S pace A sset Deploym e nt (Laun ch ,

P ost Laun ch, Ran ge, S pacecraft

P lan S pace A sset Operations (Inform ation

T ransfer, Reposi tioni ng, On-Orbi t Service)

Pl an S pace Asse t Recovery

(Rende zvou s Recovery, De orbi ts, Landi ng,

Develop AFS PA CE COAs

< <Uses> >

<<Use s>>

Uni t

HCA

NORAD/USS PA CE CO

M CINC

CAP - Te rm inate OPORD

(S upp o rt ed CI NC)

<<Uses> >

Deve lop A FSP A CE Task Ord ers

S pTO

<<Uses> >

CA P - Develop OPORD/FRAGO

(Su pporte d CINC)

< <Uses> >

NORAD/US S PACE CO

M CINC

HCA

A FS PA CE

OPORD/FRA GO

CAP - Execute OPORD (S upp ort ed CINC)

<<Uses>>

Execute Order

P repare & T ransm it E AM s

<<Use s>>

UNCLASSIF IED

Draft NUWSS-ISC2 Top Level 10/29/98

<<Uses>>

<<Uses>>

A 6 M ai ntain

M issio n Re adiness

A nal yz e & Asse ss Ca pac it y toM e et user Re quirem ents

Ini tia l ize & T erm i nate S ystem

P erfo rm P reventive an dCorre ct ive System M a intenan ce

Con duc t Testing

Co nduc t Exe rc ises

Uti l ize Sim ulation & M odel in g to

Determ ine V alue o f Inform ation to

Condu ct Em e rgency Proce dures

Conduct T raini ng

NORA D/USS P ACECO

M Operator

Detect & Report Spa ce Events

M a intain RSO Orb i tal P aram e ters

<<Uses>>

S upport & Report Coo perative

Space L aunch

A na ly ze & Repo rt No n-Coope ra ti veSpa ce Lau n ch

<<Uses> >

<<Uses> >

M on i tor UAV

M oni tor Com m on A ir T racks

Prep are & Tran sm it

T HREA TCON Change s

P repare & T ransm it LERTCON Chan ges

Prep a re & Tr ansm it

INFOCON Chan ges

Pre pare & T ransm it WA TCHCON Chan ges

P repare & T ra nsm it A i r Fo rce

THRE A TCON Chan g es

P lan Space

P reve nti on Ope ra t ions

P lan S pace

Neg ation Ope rations

Pl an Spa ce ForceA ppl icatio n Operati ons

De tect & Repo rt

Ano ma lo us Eve nt

Top Level Use Case Model

Use Case Model

Monitor ExecuteAssess Plan MaintainReadiness

SND C2 SPO

N/UWSS NCD Example

Us e C ase: SS IFD6Na me: Non-Cooperative S pace Launch IFDInitial Creation Date: 8-4 -98Initial Review Date: 8-20-98BIGPIC Int egration Date: 8-25-98Final Re view & Base line Dat e: 9-1-98 Re v Dat e: 9-1-98

(1 ) M W1 0 - Launch E vent Indicat ion fro m Missile Sensor(2 ) MW 3 1 - Launch Event Indication fro m Fusion Cent er(3) SS19 - Poss ible Non-Coop Launch Alert (Historic) from AFSPACE(4 ) SS18 - Anc hor A ler t (Init) from AFSP ACE(5) SS6 - Sensor Tasking Change from AFSPACE(6) S S55 - Request for Launch Ampli fy ing Information to AFSP ACE(7) S S2 - RSO Orbital P arameters from AFSPACE(8 ) S S1 - Raw or Processed Observati on from RSO Sensor(8 ) SS17 - M iss Pass Info rmation from RSO Sensor(8 ) SS 33 - POS/ NEG Report to AFSP ACE(9 ) SS3 - ELSET 1 Noti fi cat io n from AFSP ACE(1 0) SS15 - Satellit e Ca talog Act ion fro m AFSP ACE(11) SS21 - Terminate Anchor A lert from AFSPACE

Flow:UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

May trigger an RA

USSPACECOM Assess and Report Non-Cooperative Space Launch IFD

National Int el/CIC

Missile Sensor System

RS O Sensor Syst em

Fusion CenterAssess and Report Non-Cooperative Space Launch IFD

AFSPACE Assess and Report Non-Cooperative Space Launch IFD

SS2

*27

*26

*19

*18

MW 10

SS55

SS18

SS19

SS1

SS3

SS33

*28*29

*31

SS17

SS2 1

SS6

SS2

SS15

*30MW 31

Non DoD Government *32

Assess & Report Non-Cooperative Space Launch

SND C2 SPO

Operational Architecture Modeling Issues

• Many options for the modeling approach– start with subsystems– start by extending from the top C2 functions– break out by mission domains

• Key considerations– must be understandable to mission users– must lend itself to further modeling to support system

architecture and code generation

SND C2 SPO

N/UWSS IER Example

SND C2 SPO

ISC2 Architecture Evaluation

• Generate a framework for ongoing quantitative/qualitative analysis– Evaluate proposals

• Proposed system architectures• Architecture strategy with demonstration• Migration strategy and plan

– Continue architecture evaluation throughout life cycle• Determine how well the proposed architecture supports specified

quality attributes (requirements)• Illuminate points in the architecture where:

– sensitivity to various attributes exists– quality attribute tradeoffs occur

SND C2 SPO

Architecture Evaluation (concluded)

ArchitectureAttributeCategory

Architecture Attribute Rationale forConsideration

ArchitectureArtifact Used in

Evaluation

EvaluationMethod

ArchitectureTrades-off

InteroperabilityTransparent access to space data

(e.g., develop, manage and use astandard Data Access Interfacewith standard syntax foraccessessing data and metadata)

Automated access tospace data for emergingspace applications andfor virtual commandcenter concept.

Allows Joint andCoalitioninteroperability

Security: May introducesecurity challenges(e.g., classified byaggregation)

Transparent access to missile data Allows Joint andCoalitioninteroperability

Attributes Table

SND C2 SPO

Space Battle Management Core Systems(SBMCS)

SBMCS Objectives:• Provide space force status

• Space surveillance (location) feed toCommon Operational Picture

• 2D-3D Satellite orbit visualization• Satellite system status (OPSCAP)

• Provide space event impact assessmentto Joint Warfighter

• GPS Navigational Accuracy• Solar environment Forecasts/Events

• Support collaborative planning for COAdetermination

• Produce Space Tasking Orders

Technology Initiatives:• 3-tier architecture• Subscription-based brokering• Agent-based information push• Collaborative planning environment• JTA & DII COE compliance migration• Spiral development & demonstration

Overview:• Demo initial capability in JWID 99/EFX 99• Transition current 14th AF SBM to future

SBMCS• Pathfinder for N/UWSS SBM requirements and

architecture• Capability to transition to ISC2 contract

Data Set Impact AssessmentAnalysis Tools

JWID/EFXOps Event “Strings”

Space COP

Collaborative Planning

SpaceForceStatus,

Forecast,&

Events

Sensors • Mission Planning•Mission Impact• COA Planning•Space/Air Tasking

SND C2 SPO

SBMCS Software Architecture Framework

FORTE Integrating Framework

LegacyApplicationComponent

New NativeJava

Application

Java Wrapper

LegacyApplicationComponent

Web ClientUser Interface

Web ClientUser Interface

COP ClientUser Interface

ClientTier

BrokerTier

ApplicationTier

Data Sources

Java Wrapper

Legacy Apps are complete systems wrapped as componentsproviding standard component interface

Services- Directory Services- Naming Services- Apps Management- Security Services- Subscription Services- Event Management

Standard Component Interface

Agents

SND C2 SPONCA/JCS

USCINCSPACESPOC

Theater CINCSupported CINC

COMARSPACEARSPACE SOC

Enroute Air Mobiles

Reachback

ASOCCTP/CTD

Feed

CAMS

COPVTC

Threat Assess

ARSPACECOP/CTD

Feed

ASOCCTP/CTD

Feed

ACOMCop/CTD

COP/CTD

CAMS

COPVTC

Threat Assess

CWAN FeedCTD

Coalition Forces

DeployedJTF

NAVSPACECOMNAVSPACE SOC

ASPADOCCMOC/1CACS

AFSPACECOP/CTD

Feed

COMAFSPACEAFSPACE SOC

1CACS LAN

USSPACECOM COP/CTD

NAVSPACECOP/CTD

Feed

AFSPACECOP/CTD

Feed

SBMCSSDS

OSW

Enterprise DB

Space Sensors

Data Standards

Data Sharing

Integrated Tools

Migration of Space Architecture

SND C2 SPOShared Early Warning Elements

?

USA RF (JWC)RF (NWC)

ISREALJAPAN

NATO

S KOREA

CENTCOM OTHERS

MISSILE WARNING

MISSILE WARNING CENTER

THREAT-BASEDREAL WORLD EVENTS

PRE-LAUNCHNOTIFICATION

www

TREATY BASEDPRE-EVENT

PROMOTE SECURITY INTERESTS - ENHANCE STRATEGIC/TACTICAL STABILITYPROMOTE SECURITY INTERESTS - ENHANCE STRATEGIC/TACTICAL STABILITY

Verification/Validation

SND C2 SPO

Impact of evolving standards

• UML– Needed to sell concept of Use Cases– Waiting for XMI support for exchange among tools

• CORBA– Real Time, Fault tolerance, load balancing, security– Component model– Asynchronous messaging

• JTA– Phase out legacy standards (message sets, link protocols)– Additions (emerging standards)

• QoS (RSVP, diffserv, 802.1p)• Astro standards• Policy-based infrastructure

– Space C2 subdomain annex?– USSPACECOM/J6N Joint Interoperbility Portfolio (JIP)

SND C2 SPO

Defining and managing architectures

• Government to provide– Target Ops Arch (2005-2010)– Initial Tech Arch

• Proposals to provide– System Architecture

• Post Contract Award– Contractor to maintain and evolve Sys and Tech Arch– Subject to Govt approval– Expect to form an Architecture IPT to consider outside

influences (AC2ISRC, GNIE, …)

SND C2 SPO

For further information

• Maj LeRoy Pedone (leroy.pedone@cisf.af.mil)• Loring Bernhardt (loringbe@mitre.org)• Paul Denning (pauld@mitre.org)