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INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR GODAVARI BASIN IN MAHARASH TRA VOLUME I: INTEGRATED PLAN

1 GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT




INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR GODAVARI BASIN IN MAHARASHTRA

VOLUME - I INTEGRATED PLAN

(Upto year 2030)

CHAPTERS 01-11

GODAVARI MARATHWADA IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORAT ION AND

VIDARBHA IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

NOVEMBER 2017




Certificate

This is to certify that te contents of the Integrated State Water Plan

for Godavari Basin in Maharashtra (June 2017) (Vol. II, Part I & II)

henceforth will be referred as Vol. I & II, are true and correct to the best

of our knowledge and information available. Further, the contents are in

accordance with the prevailing rules, practices, and directives of the

Water Dispute Tribunal Award for the Godavari Basin. This integrated

State Water Plan for Godavari Basin is as per Section 15 (3) of the

Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority Act 2005.

The matter and figures shall be corrected suitably after due

deliberations in water board and water council.

Executive Director

Vidarbha Irrigation Development Corporation, Nagpur

Executive Director

Godavari Marathwada Irrigation Development Corporation, Nagpur




Preface The Godavari is the longest river in peninsular India. It originates at an altitude of 1067 m above msl near Trimbakeshwar (N 190 55' 47'' and E 730 31' 22'') in Brahmagiri range in the Sahyadri Western Ghats in Nashik district of Maharashtra and meets at the Bay of Bengal in Andhra Pradesh state. The total length of river is 1465 Km out of which the length in Maharashtra is 694 Km. The basin is bounded by western ghats in West, Satmala hill Ajanta hill ranges and Mahadeo hills on the North. Low hill ranges in South and eastern ghats in the East. The Godavari basin covers in the states of Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhatisgarh and Orisa. In addition to this a small area covers in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Union Territory of Pudduchery and having a total geographical area of 312811 Km2. The basin has a length of 995 Km and width of 583 Km. lies in between N 160 19' to 220 34' and E 730 24' to 830 04'. It occupies nearly 9.5% of total geographical area of the country. Godavari basin covers 152598 Km2 in Maharashtra about 49% of the state area. There are five basins in Maharashtra viz. Godavari-49.66% (152588 Sq.Km.), Krishna-22.43% (69032 Sq.Km.), Narmada-0.52% (1338 Sq.Km.), Tapi-16.67% (51304 Sq.Km.) & Western Flowing Rivers-10.79% (33228 Sq.Km.). Godavari basin is largest basin covering almost 50% geographical area of Maharashtra. And as such preparation Integrated State Water Plan is taken in hand on priority on pilot basis. So that this will be a guideline to the all other basins in the state. There are 807 watersheds. The cultivable area is 108.03 lakh ha.. The Godavari basin covers 22 district and 21437 villages in Nashik, Pune, Marathwada, Amravati & Nagpur regions. The district wise geographical area of Nashik Region - Nashik-47.06% & Ahmednagar-63.81%, Pune region - Pune-1.48%, Marathwada region - Aurangabad-89.49%, Jalna-99.84%, Beed-84.92%, Parbhani-100%, Hingoli-100%, Nanded-100%, Latur-100% & Osmanabad-40.63%, Amravati region - Buldhana-41.75%, Akola-38.36%, Yavatmal-100%, Washim-100% & Amravati-33.17%, Nagpur region - Wardha-100%, Nagpur-100%, Bandara-100%, Chandrapur-100%, Gadchiroli-100% & Gondiya-100%. The DPAP area is 30.57 lakh ha (20%) and forest area is 25.62 lakh ha (16.75%).

The Godavari Basin receives its maximum rainfall from south west monsoon ranging from 740 to 3000 mm in upper hill hilly region. The Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal Award the entire Godavari basin is divided in to 12 sub-basins - G-1 Upper Godavari (M), G-2 Pravara (M), G-3 Purna (M), G-4 Maharashtra and AP, G-5 Middle Godavari Maharashtra & AP, G-6 Manar Maharashtra & AP, G-7 Penganga (Maharashtra & AP), G-8 Wardha (M, MP, AP), G-9 Pranhita (M, MP, AP), G-10 L Godavari (M, MP, AP), G-11 Indravati (M, O, AP), G-12 Sabari (O, MP, AP). The Godavari basin is divided in to 30 sub-basins considering the availability of surface Water, Groundwater and Topographical features, of which Middle Godavari sub basin has the largest area of 17208 Km2, & Pench is the smallest one with an area of 539 Km2. Middle Godavari sub basin has maximum number of watersheds i.e. 82 and Sudha - Swarna has only 3 watersheds. The Godavari basin has divided in to three parts viz. Western Godavari Basin, Central Godavari Basin and Eastern Godavari Basin.

Maharashtra is the first State in India to have an Independent Regulatory Authority (IRA) in the Water Sector, a concept initiated in Maharashtra’s State Water Policy, 2003. It has the visionary provision of creating a new institutional arrangement for water governance & enactment of appropriate legislation. Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project (MWSIP), 2005 provided the necessary platform to launch Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority (MWRRA) by an Act of Legislature.

MWRRA Act, 2005 advocated the concept of preparing Integrated State Water Plan (ISWP) to develop & manage water resources in the State in a systematic, systemic




& river basin wise manner, by setting up River Basin Agencies (RBAs), State Water Board (SWB) & State Water Council (SWC) for its implementation.

There is a provision to prepare Integrated State Water Plan in Article 14 to 16 of Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority Act, No. 18 of 2005. According to these articles the draft Integrated State Water Plan was to be submitted for approval within a period of six months from the date on which the MWRRA Act is made applicable in the State. It was decided by the Government in Water Resources Department vide letter no.��-2007/17/(14/2007)/�� 14.5.2007 to take up the work of preparation of Integrated State Water Plan of Godavari Basin in Maharashtra.

Dr. D.M. More, Retd. Director General has been appointed as Technical Advisor for preparation of integrated state water plan of Godavari Basin in the meeting held on 06.07.2007 under the chairmanship of the Secretary, Water Resources Department, Govt. of Maharashtra. Afterwards three Executive Engineer (Retd.) from Water Resources Department, one Agronomist (Retd. from WALMI) and one Sr. Geologist (Retd. from GSDA) have been appointed to assist Technical Advisor in the work of preparation of state water plan of Godavari basin.

This is the first attempt of preparation of integrated state water plan in the Country. For preparation of Integrated State Water Plan guidelines were issued by MWRRA through a technical manual. The work of preparation State Water Plan of Godavari Basin was interested with the eight Agencies, sub basin wise. The Data collected by the Agencies are validated, analyzed and inferences are drawn and sub basin wise reports are prepared in 27 chapters.

Approval by the State Water Board: After the preparation of the Draft Report of Integrated State Water Plan of the sub-basins, the same were submitted before the State Water Board. The seven meetings of the State Water Board were held on the following dates.

(1) 08.07.2013, (2) 22.08.2013, (3) 10.03.2014, (4) 12.05.2014, (5) 17.06.2014, (6) 17.03.2015 & (7) 08.05.2015. In the meeting held on 08.05.2015, the State Water Board has given approval to the Integrated State Water Plan of Godavari basin.

After getting approval from State Water Board, the Integrated State Water Plan of Godavari basin is submitted before the State Water Council. The two meetings of the Water Council were held on 17.01.2015 & 19.11.2015 respectively. In the meeting held on 19.11.2015 the Hon'ble Chief Minister & Chairman of the State Water Council has directed to form a dedicated team of officers from the department and to guide the dedicated team, a team of subject experts from retired government officers and subject experts from private sector should be formed.

In the mean time Integrated State Water Plan of Godavari Basin was published on Government Web site for the period from 17.08.2015 to 31.10.2015 for stake holders' consultation. In response total no. of comments / suggestions received are 1387. The classifications of the comments / suggestions received. Regarding policy of the state water plan are 66, Regarding outline of the state water plan are 7, Regarding release / non release of water through dam are 762, New ideas and others are 26 and Not related with the state water plan are 526.

Accordingly, Government in Water Resources Department has appointed experts committee to finalize the integrated state water plan of Godavari basin on 12.04.2016.

ISWPGB, a multi-sectoral water plan of 30 sub-basins, was originally prepared by two Irrigation Development Corporations viz. GMIDC & VIDC with the help of private agencies during the period 2007 to 2013. The Expert Committee has prepared




Integrated State Water Plan of Godavari Basin based on reports of 30 sub-basins as per terms of reference given by Government vide G.R. dated 12.04.2016.The report of thirty sub-basins were based on data of irrigation projects of the years 2006-2011. Now the scenario of irrigation projects is changed. Based on recent data of irrigation projects the chapters related to surface water used has now been modified. A modified report of Integrated State Water Plan of Godavari Basin is now prepared containing 25 chapters which are interdisciplinary in nature. River sub basin wise approach for surface water and watershed wise approach for Groundwater is the central theme of the report. ISWPGB is not only meant for prioritizing ongoing and taking up new projects. It goes beyond that & sets the things in a broader & right perspective. Considering the river basin wise location specificity arising out of natural parameters like geology, hydrogeology, soils, climate & hydrology, ISWPGB deals with issues like supply side & demand side management of Water Resource on one hand & socio-economic & legal aspects on the other hand.

The report is prepared in two volumes i.e. Vol-I containing 1 to 11 chapters and Vol-II containing 12 to 25 chapters.

Broad Features of Master Plan:-

Surface Water

Average surface water availability by R & R equation is 51.75 BCM, 75% Dependable available yield by R & R equation is 38.60 BCM. Groundwater availability as per GEC - 97 groundwater assessment 2011-12 is 17.49 BCM. Utilization of water is mainly for drinking, irrigation, Industries and hydrogenation. Regeneration of water is taken as 80% from domestic and industrial use. Water balance and Water resource management of the Godavari basin is highlighted.

The Surface Water availability : Annual Average is 51757 Mm3, At 50% dependability is 49800 Mm3, At 75% dependability is 38607 Mm3 and Allocation by GWDT is 29023 Mm3.

Based on availability of 75% dependable yield of water and 70% of net groundwater available as per GEC-97 the Groundwater Assessment 2011-12 in each sub-basin of the sub-basins are grouped in to six groups they are -

1. There is no highly deficit (< 1500 Mm3) sub basin. 2. There are six Deficit (< 1500 to 3000 Mm3) sub-basins. They are : Middle Godavari, Dudhna, Manjra, Terna, Manar, Bembla . 3. There are 17 Normal (3000 to 8000 Mm3) sub-basins. They are : Upper Godavari, Pravara, Mula, Purna, Lendi, Kayadhu, Penganga, Pus, Arunvati, Wardha, Venna, Erai, Nag, Kolar, Kanhan, Wainganga, Pench. 4. There are 2 Surplus (8000 to 12000 Mm3) sub-basins are Andhari & Bagh and 5. Abundant (> 12000 Mm3) sub-basins are five. They are : Sudha-swarna, Ghadhvi, Khobragadi, Pranhita & Indravati.

Water Balance of each sub basin is worked out in chapter no. 10. This indicates how much water is in balance in the sub basin (both at present and by 2030) taking into account water that will be utilize for drinking, industries and for irrigation. This exercise is only for academic use. If there is negative balance in the sub basin it indicates that water of lower dependability shall be utilized for irrigation.

Groundwater Availability :

As per (GEC - 97) the Groundwater assessment 2011-12 is carried out water shed wise recharge, draft and Groundwater availability for Godavari Basin. The total annual net Groundwater recharge is 17498 Mm3 and annual Groundwater availability (70 % of net. groundwater) is 12248 Mm3. Annual gross groundwater draft from irrigation wells, domestic and industrial wells and bore wells is 8459 Mm3. The allocation for domestic and industrial water supply needs to be kept reserved based




on projected population of 2025. The remaining quantum of 3789 Mm3 is available for future irrigation use. The total of 252600 new irrigation wells are feasible for construction.

There are 807 watersheds, 4588 & 19383 mini & micro watersheds in Godavari basin. Out of 807 watersheds, 31 watersheds are over exploited, 1 watershed is critical and 49 watersheds are semi critical. Thus there is no scope to development of groundwater in 81 watersheds. There is a scope of development of groundwater in 726 (90%) in safe watersheds of Godavari basin.

On behalf of the Water Resources Department & on our behalf, we sincerely thank all those who have contributed in finalizing this report.

Er. A. V. Surve Executive Director

VIDC, Nagpur

Er. H A Dhangare Executive Director

GMIDC, Aurangabad




Acknowledgements Two Irrigation Development Corporations viz. Godavari Marathwada Irrigation Development and Vidarbha Irrigation Development Corporation were taken an uphill time to prepare an integrated state water plan for Godavari basin of Maharashtra. A separate cell of Godavari Khore is established in Aurangabad. Dr. D.M. More, former Director General of MERI, Nashik was specially appointed by Government of Maharashtra as a Technical Advisor. To assist the Technical Advisor Executive Engineers, Agronomist and Senior Geologist were appointed. The Godavari basin covering an area of about 50% of the State dividing it into 30 sub-basins. The reports were prepared by eight agencies and each of the reports contains 27 chapters of multi-inter-disciplinary in nature. It was not an easy task to bring out the first of its kind an integrated State water plan of Godavari basin. Thanks to the guidance rendered by the stalwarts, co-operation of state and central government departments, stakeholders and JPIRC committee members, State Water Board & State Water Council of Maharashtra.

The Executive Directors are grateful to Hon Chief Minister, who is also the Chairman of the State Water Council, for entrusting the responsibility of finalization of Godavari Integrated Water Plan to the Water Resources Department.

The Executive Directors are also grateful to the Chief Secretary & Ex –Officio Chairman of the State Water Board (SWB) for his active support. The Executive Directors are thankful to all the Hon Members of SWB for extending all co-operation, providing valuable data & information from their respective departments.

The Executive Directors particularly expresse their gratefulness towards Dr Madhavarao Chitale & Shri. H.T. Mendhegiri for their valuable suggestions.

The Executive Directors particularly expresse their gratefulness and thanks to the expert committee.

Chiarman : K.P. Bakshi, Former Addl. Chief Secretary, Home Department, Maharashtra State and now Chairman, MWRRA ember : Ranade V.M., former Secretary, Water Resources Department, Maharashtra State. Member : Pradeep Purandare, Former Associate Professor, WALMI, Aurangabad Member : S.L. Bhingare, Former Executive Director, Water Resources Department, Maharashtra Member : M.I. Shaikh, Former Director General, MERI, Nashik Member : Vijay Paranjape, Chairman, Gomukh Trust, Pune Member : D.S. Kulkarni, Managing Director, M/s. Wat-ere-sources Technologies Pvt Ltd., Pune Member : Dr. D.M. More, Former Director General, MERI, Nashik Member Secretary : S.H. Kharat, Superintending Engineer, Aurangabad Irrigation Circle, Aurangabad. For contribution of their best in preparing reports and for the preparation of guidelines of integrated state water plans of Krishna, Tapi, Narmada and Western Flowing Rivers.

The Executive Directors express their sincere thanks to the following Special Invitees who interacted with the Committee on various occasions & gave their valuable inputs.




Shri. Purushottam Bhapkar , the then Principal Secretary, Water Conservation, Mantralaya, Maharashtra, (Now, the Divisional Commissioner, Aurangabad Division) Shri. R.J. Singh , Director, Groundwater Survey & Development Agency, Pune, Shri. C.A. Birajdar , the then ED, GMIDC and Co - Chairman of the Committee (Now, Secretary, WRM & CADA, WRD, Government of Maharashtra) Shri. A.P. Kohirkar , Chief Engineer (WR), Water Resources Department, Aurangabad, Shri. A.R. Kamble , the then Chief Engineer & Chief Administrator, CADA, Aurangabad (now CE, Gosikhurd, Nagpur) Shri. S.S. Waghmare , Chief Engineer, North Maharashtra Region, Water Resources Department, Nashik, Shri. R.M. Chauhan , Chief Engineer (WR), Water Resources Department, Nagpur, Shri. R.P. Landekar , Chief Engineer (WR), Water Resources Department, Amravati Shri Rajendra Pawar , the then Chief Engineer, Planning & Hydrology, Water Resources Department, Nashik (Now Managing Director, Maharashtra Water Conservation Corporation, Aurangabad) Shri. I.S. Chaudhari , Chief Engineer, Planning & Hydrology, Water Resources Department, Nashik. Shri. A.M. Khapare , Chief Engineer, Minor Irrigation (Water Conservation) Pune, Shri. S.G. Mukhedkar , Chief Engineer, Maharashtra Jivan Pradhikaran, Aurangabad Dr. Vivek M Kale , Scientist & Coordinator, Maharashtra Remote Sensing Application Centre (MRSAC), Nagpur

Thanks to Shri. V. T. Tandale, Chief Engineer & Chief Administrator, CADA, Aurangabad for his valuable suggestions and help. The Executive Directors want to place on record their deep appreciation & thanks to the following staff of Godavari Khore Kaksha, Aurangabad for their continuous hard work with the Committee. Without their hard and dedicated work, it would not have been possible to compile all the data presented before the Committee.Shri. S.N. Dehedkar, former Executive Engineer, Shri. S.T. Naik, former Executive Engineer, Dr. S.M. Masoom, former Sr. Geologist, Shri. G.H. Pakhale, former Draftsman, Shri. V.L. Bamnodkar, former PA, Shri. Umesh Bharaswadkar, Computer Operator and Shri. V.B. Wagh, Computer Operator. The Executive Directors wants to place on record to eight agencies for the good preparation of 30 sub-basins's reports. The Executive Directors also wants to place on record their deep appreciation & thanks to all members of Dedicated Team who helped the members of the Expert Committee in finalizing various chapters. The Executive Directors express their sincere thanks to the Executive Director, MKVDC, the Director General, WALMI, Auranagabad, and the Superintending Engineer, Koyna Designs Circle for providing all facilities for the meetings of the Committee respectively at Sinchan Bhavan, Pune, WALMI, Aurangabad & Jal Sampatti Bhavan, Pune.




The Executive Directors want to place on record their deep appreciation & thanks to Shri. S.H.Kharat, Superintending Engineer, Aurangabad Irrigation Circle and Member Secretary of the Committee for providing all administrative support & assistance to the Committee with the help from Engineers and staff of GMIDC, VIDC and Shri Anil Nimbhore Executive Engineer Minor Irrigation Division No.1, Aurangabad, Shri. A.V. Purohit, Sub Divisional Engineer, IPI Sub Division No. 8, Aurangabad and his staff Shri P A Rajurikar, Junior Engineer for assisting in meetings at Mumbai, Pune and Aurangabad.

Last but not the least, thanks to Shri. P.F. Dhongade, Sectional Engineer from C.E.W.R.D Aurangabad and Shri. S.B. Tapse, Sectional Engineer from M.I.Division No. 1 Aurangsbad for their hard work and compilation of technical data of Godavari Basin. The Executive Director express thanks to the technical and non technical staff who are directly / indirectly involved in the preparation of Godavari Basin Report.

Er. A. V. Surve Executive Director

VIDC, Nagpur

Er. H A Dhangare Executive Director

GMIDC, Aurangabad




Contents

Glossary .......................................... ..................................................................................................... 23

1 Introduction ...................................... ............................................................................................. 37

1.0 Preamble....................................... ........................................................................................... 37

1.1 Introduction of Godavari Basin ................ ............................................................................. 37

1.2 Land use pattern .............................. ....................................................................................... 39

1.3 Rainfall Pattern in the Godavari Basin (GB) ... ..................................................................... 39

1.4 Climate ....................................... .............................................................................................. 40

1.5 Tribunal Award for Godavari Basin ............. ......................................................................... 40

1.6 Status of natural and man-made features in the Godavari Basin .................................... . 44

1.6.1 Land use pattern ...................................................................................................... 45

1.6.2 Detailed study of thirty sub basins under Godavari Basin ....................................... 45

1.6.3 Water availability in Godavari Basin and status of 30 sub basins – ........................ 48

1.6.4 Status of Irrigation Projects...................................................................................... 49

1.6.5 Division of Godavari Basin for further study – ......................................................... 49

1.7 Western Godavari Basin (WGB) .................. .......................................................................... 50

1.7.1 Historical Background .............................................................................................. 50

1.7.2 Geology and Hydrogeology ..................................................................................... 51

1.7.3 Groundwater (GW) occurrence, movement and use - ............................................ 51

1.7.4 Soils, crops and agro-industries .............................................................................. 51

1.7.5 Hydrology, Hydrometeorology, Water Availability and Tribunal Award ................... 52

1.7.6 Watershed Development and Management ............................................................ 53

1.7.7 Water Resources Development ............................................................................... 53

1.7.8 Energy sources in the WGB .................................................................................... 55

1.8 Central Godavari Basin (CGB) .................. ............................................................................ 56

1.8.1 Historical Background .............................................................................................. 56

1.8.2 Geographic coverage and Demography .................................................................. 56


1.8.4 GW occurrence, movement, availability and use .................................................... 57

1.8.5 Soils, crops and Agro-industries .............................................................................. 57

1.8.6 Hydrology, Hydrometeorology, Water availability and Tribunal Award ................... 58



1.8.9 Inter-Basin Water Transfer - .................................................................................... 61

1.8.10 Energy sources in the CGB ..................................................................................... 61

1.9 Eastern Godavari Basin (EGB) .................. ............................................................................ 62

1.9.1 Historical Background - ............................................................................................ 62

1.9.2 Geographic Coverage and Demography ................................................................. 63





1.9.4 Groundwater Occurrence, Movement and Use ....................................................... 63

1.9.5 Soils, crops and Agro-industries .............................................................................. 64

1.9.6 Hydrology, Water Availability and Provisions of Tribunal Award ............................. 64



1.9.9 Power Development ................................................................................................ 68

2 Geology and Hydro-Geology of Godavari basin ....... ................................................................ 72

2.1 Geology ........................................... ........................................................................................ 72

2.1.1 Alluvium..................................... .............................................................................72

2.1.2 Deccan Trap.................................. ..........................................................................73

2.1.3 Gondwana system.............................. ....................................................................74

2.1.4 Proterozoic.................................. ............................................................................74

2.1.5 Pre-cambrian................................. ..........................................................................74

2.1.6 Lineaments................................... ...........................................................................75

2.2 Hydrogeology................................... .........................................................................78

2.2.1 Water bearing properties..................... ..................................................................78

2.2.2 Groundwater occurrence and movement.......... ..................................................79

2.2.3 Groundwater Worthy and Non-Worthy Area....... ................................................79

2.2.4 Aquifer Geometry and Aquifer Systems......... .....................................................80

2.2.5 Aquifer Parameters........................... .....................................................................81

2.2.6 Groundwater recharge and discharge........... ......................................................82

2.2.7 Yield of dug wells and bore wells............ .............................................................83

2.3 Conclusions and Recommendations ............... .................................................................... 86

3 Soils ............................................. .................................................................................................. 89

3.1 Soil Color Based Soil Series .................. ............................................................................... 89

3.2 Soil Depth .................................... ............................................................................................ 91

3.3 Soil Taxonomy Classification .................. .............................................................................. 92

3.4 Soil Texture Classification ................... .................................................................................. 93

3.5 Soil Erosion Status ........................... ...................................................................................... 94

3.6 Soil Drainage Condition ....................... .................................................................................. 95

3.7 Land Capability Classification ................ .............................................................................. 96

3.8 Soil Irrigability ............................. ............................................................................................ 98

3.9 Land Slope .................................... .......................................................................................... 99

3.10 Soil Type and Suitability for Crops: ......... ........................................................................ 100

3.11 SWOT Analysis: ............................... ................................................................................... 101

3.11.1 Strengths: ............................................................................................................... 101

3.11.2 Weaknesses: ......................................................................................................... 101

3.11.3 Opportunities:......................................................................................................... 102

3.11.4 Threats: .................................................................................................................. 102

3.12 Recommendations: ............................. ............................................................................... 102

3.13 Annexures .................................... ....................................................................................... 103

3.13.1 Annexure 3.1.......................................................................................................... 103




3.13.2 Annexure 3.2 ......................................................................................................... 104

3.13.3 Annexure 3.3 ......................................................................................................... 105

3.13.4 Annexure 3.4 ......................................................................................................... 106

3.13.5 Annexure 3.5 ......................................................................................................... 107

3.13.6 Annexure 3.6 ......................................................................................................... 108

3.13.7 Annexure 3.7 ......................................................................................................... 109

3.13.8 Annexure 3.8 ......................................................................................................... 113

3.13.9 Annexure 3.9 ......................................................................................................... 115

4 Land use pattern .................................. ....................................................................................... 117

4.1 Land Use Pattern .............................. .................................................................................... 117

4.2 Sub-basin wise Area ........................... ................................................................................. 118

4.3 Demographic Profile ........................... ................................................................................. 118

4.4 Cultivable and Non-Cultivable Area ............ ....................................................................... 118

4.5 Rain gauge and River gauge .................... ........................................................................... 119

4.6 Diversion of Agricultural Land ................ ............................................................................ 119

4.7 Galper Land ................................... ........................................................................................ 119

4.8 Surplus Land .................................. ....................................................................................... 120

4.9 Existing Cropping Pattern ..................... .............................................................................. 120

4.10 Proposed Cropping Pattern..................... .......................................................................... 121

4.11 Source of Irrigation ......................... ................................................................................... 121

4.12 Irrigation Source Wise Crop Area: ............ ........................................................................ 122

4.13 Categorization of Sub-basin: ................. ........................................................................... 123

4.14 Perennial Crops Suggested in Basin: .......... .................................................................... 123

4.15 Crop Productivity and Requirement: ........... ..................................................................... 124

4.16 Crop Production: ............................. ................................................................................... 125

4.17 Research and Extension:....................... ............................................................................ 126

4.18 Agro based Industries ........................ ................................................................................ 127

4.19 Ultimate Irrigation Potential: ............... .............................................................................. 130

4.20 Conclusions and Recommendations: ............. ................................................................. 131

4.21 Annexures .................................... ....................................................................................... 133

4.21.1 Annexure 4.1 ......................................................................................................... 133

4.21.2 Annexure 4.2 ......................................................................................................... 134

4.21.3 Annexure 4.3 ......................................................................................................... 137

4.21.4 Annexure 4.4 ......................................................................................................... 139

4.21.5 Annexure 4.5 ......................................................................................................... 140

4.21.6 Annexure 4.6 ......................................................................................................... 141

4.21.7 Annexure 4.7 ......................................................................................................... 143

4.21.8 Annexure 4.8 ......................................................................................................... 144

4.21.9 Annexure 4.9 ......................................................................................................... 145

4.21.10 Annexure 4.10 ....................................................................................................... 148

4.21.11 Annexure 4.11 ....................................................................................................... 149

4.21.12 Annexure 4.12 ....................................................................................................... 151




4.21.13 Annexure 4.13........................................................................................................ 152

4.21.14 Annexure 4.14........................................................................................................ 154

4.21.15 Annexure 4.15........................................................................................................ 156

4.21.16 Annexure 4.16........................................................................................................ 158

5 River System ...................................... ......................................................................................... 161

5.1 River System .................................. ....................................................................................... 161

5.2 Details of Godavari River System in the Maharas htra State ........................................ .... 161

5.3 Broad classification of Godavari Basin - ...... ..................................................................... 165

5.4 Morphological details of rivers ............... ............................................................................ 166

5.5 List of sub basins classified for different pur poses ............................................. ............ 166

5.5.1 Godavari River Dispute Tribunal Award ................................................................ 167

5.5.2 Second Water & Irrig ation Commission Report of 1999 ..................................... 167

5.5.3 Present study for ISWP - ....................................................................................... 169

6 Surface & Ground Water Availability ............... ......................................................................... 170

6.0 Meteorological setup .......................... .................................................................................. 170

6.1 Hydrometeorology .............................. .................................................................................. 171

6.1.1 Rainfall Phenomena .............................................................................................. 171

6.1.2 Rainfall Pattern and Rainfall Distribution ............................................................... 172

6.1.3 Water Availability ................................................................................................... 180

6.1.4 Surface Water ........................................................................................................ 180

6.1.5 Ground Water availability ....................................................................................... 201

6.2 Tribunal award ................................ ...................................................................................... 215

6.3 Water availability ............................ ...................................................................................... 227

6.4 Conclusions and recommendations ............... ................................................................... 229

7 Water Resources Development ....................... .......................................................................... 232

7.1 Surface Irrigation ............................ ...................................................................................... 232

7.1.1 Preamble ................................................................................................................ 232

7.1.2 Flow Irrigation ........................................................................................................ 233

7.1.3 Lift Irrigation ........................................................................................................... 258

7.1.4 Sedimentation ........................................................................................................ 264

7.1.5 Special Features .................................................................................................... 268

7.1.6 Future Planning...................................................................................................... 272

7.1.7 Executive Summary ............................................................................................... 275

7.2 Other Important Uses .......................... ................................................................................. 277

7.2.1 Preamble ................................................................................................................ 277

7.2.2 Drinking and Domestic Water: ............................................................................... 278

7.2.3 Water for industries ................................................................................................ 288

7.2.4 Water for Environment and importance of Environmental Flows (E-flows) ........... 291

7.2.5 Fisheries: Water for Pisciculture (Inland Fisheries) ............................................... 291

7.2.6 Water for Tourism .................................................................................................. 297

7.2.7 Navigation .............................................................................................................. 303

7.3 List of References ............................ .................................................................................... 307




8 Water Transfer Management ......................... ............................................................................ 308

8.1 Interstate water projects ..................... ................................................................................. 308

8.1.1 Interlinking of Rivers .............................................................................................. 308

8.1.2 Interstate Projects .................................................................................................. 309

8.2 Inter-basin diversion within State of Maharasht ra ............................................................ 310

8.3 Left over water as per GWDTA .................. .......................................................................... 317

8.4 Inter sub-basin (Intra-basin) water transfer .. ..................................................................... 322

8.5 Alternative options for water diversion schemes ............................................................. 322

8.6 Conclusions and recommendations ............... ................................................................... 322

9 Watershed Development and Management .............. ............................................................... 329

9.1 Watershed development. ........................ ............................................................................. 329

9.1.1 Concept of Watershed Development and Management ....................................... 329

9.1.2 Types of Watershed Development Works – .......................................................... 330

9.1.3 Prioritisation in selecting Watershed for taking up WSD works – .......................... 330

9.1.4 Sub basin wise details of watersheds – ................................................................. 331

9.1.5 Impact of Watershed Development Works: - ......................................................... 334

9.1.6 Performance evaluation of completed WSD works – ............................................ 335

9.2 Sub basin wise additional GW recharge due to WS D works ........................................... 336

9.2.1 Criteria for deciding status of exploitation of GW – ............................................... 336

9.2.2 Watershed wise details of ground water recharge in Mcum and possibilities for number of new wells/ bore wells ...................................................................... 338

9.3 Recommendations of various Committees: ........ .............................................................. 341

9.3.1 Committee for Drought Prone Area (Sukhthankar Samiti), 1973 .......................... 341

9.3.2 Dr. Subramanyam Samiti, 1987............................................................................. 341

9.3.3 White Paper, 1995 ................................................................................................. 341

9.3.4 Maharashtra Water & Irrigation Commission, 1999 .............................................. 341

9.3.5 National Water Policy, 2002 / 2012 ....................................................................... 342

9.3.6 Way forward ........................................................................................................... 342

10 Water Balance of Godavari Basin ................... .......................................................................... 344

10.1 For preparation of ISWP of Godavari Basin In d etail the Godavari Basin in Maharashtra is further divided into 30 sub basins a nd their co- relation with the sub basins of Godavari water Disputes Tribunal is shown below:....................... 344

10.2 Water balance of Godavari Basin: ............. ....................................................................... 345

10.2.1 General 345

10.2.2 Surface Water Availability ...................................................................................... 346

10.2.3 Water Requirement ................................................................................................ 351

10.2.4 Regeneration ......................................................................................................... 352

10.2.5 Water Balance of sub basin ................................................................................... 352

10.2.6 The integrated water balance ................................................................................ 352

10.2.7 Water in balance in the sub basin and conclusions for implementation ................ 373

10.2.8 Annex- I: Sub basin wise Water Balance .............................................................. 383

10.2.9 Annex-II: 483




10.2.10 Annex-III Manjra-Terna sub basin ................................................................... 493

10.2.11 Annex-IV: Groundwater Balance ..................................................................... 496

11 Water Resources Management ........................ ......................................................................... 511

11.1 Management of Irrigation Projects ............ ....................................................................... 511

11.1.1 Introduction: ........................................................................................................... 511

11.1.2 Review of Documents: ........................................................................................... 511

11.1.3 Modernisation of Irrigation Systems: ..................................................................... 513

11.1.4 Volumetric Supply .................................................................................................. 515

11.1.5 Piped Distribution Network: ................................................................................... 515

11.1.6 Maintenance & Repairs: ........................................................................................ 516

11.1.7 Revision of Irrigation Potential: .............................................................................. 516

11.1.8 Eight Monthly Irrigation: ......................................................................................... 517

11.1.9 Projectwise Management Improvement Plan: ....................................................... 518

11.1.10 Conclusions: .......................................................................................................... 518

11.1.11 Recommendations: ................................................................................................ 518

11.1.12 Annexures .............................................................................................................. 520

11.2 Management of Water Resources: Other important uses ............................................. . 537

11.2.1 Introduction: ........................................................................................................... 537

11.2.2 Management of Drinking / Domestic Water Supply: .............................................. 537

11.2.3 National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) ............................................... 538

11.2.4 Problems / gaps in services provided (domestic water supply): ............................ 539

11.2.5 Suggestions and action plan:................................................................................. 540

11.2.6 Legal Provisions: ................................................................................................... 541

11.2.7 Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) Policy 541

11.2.8 Case Studies:......................................................................................................... 541

11.2.9 National Water Policy (2012): ................................................................................ 544

11.2.10 Management of domestic and industrial water resource ....................................... 545

11.2.11 Water for environment and importance of E-flows: ............................................... 546

11.2.12 Resilience to Climate Change: .............................................................................. 550

11.2.13 Background and Justification: ................................................................................ 550

11.2.14 Recommendation for industrial water management: ............................................. 551

11.2.15 Recommendations for maintaining E-flows: .......................................................... 551

11.2.16 Recommendations for resilience to climate change impacts: ............................... 552

11.2.17 References ............................................................................................................. 552

Minutes of Maharashtra State Water Council's 4th meeting dated 30.11.2017.................553




List of Tables

Table 1-1: Total Land Use / Cover statistics ............................................................ 39

Table 1-2: Basin wise Land Use Cover Statistics ..................................................... 45

Table 1-3: Basin wise water availability ................................................................... 48

Table 1-4: Category of Sub Basins w.r.t. Water Availability ..................................... 48

Table 1-5: Status of Irrigation Projects ..................................................................... 49

Table 1-6: Provisions of Tribunal award ................................................................... 59 Table 1-7: Tanks in Godavari basin ......................................................................... 67 Table 2.1.1: Succession of Geological Formation...................................................72 Table 2.1.2 : Stratigraphical Succession of Geological formations.........................75 Table 2.2.1 : Geological formations, its parameters and well characteristics Godavari basin ........................................................................................... 84 Table 2.2.2: Yield of dug wells and bore wells.........................................................86 Table 3-1: Soil Series .............................................................................................. 89

Table 3-2: Soil Depth Class ..................................................................................... 91

Table 3-3: Soil Groups in Basin ............................................................................... 92

Table 3-4: Soil drainage condition ........................................................................... 95

Table 3-5: Land Capability Class ............................................................................. 96

Table 3-6: Irrigability classes ................................................................................... 98

Table 3-7: Slope Classes......................................................................................... 99

Table 3-8: Suitable Crops ...................................................................................... 100

Table 3-9: Sub-Basin (12 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Series Category ................................................................................................................ 103

Table 3-10: Sub-Basin Wise (30 Sub-Basins) Area under Different Soil Depth Category ................................................................................................................ 104

Table 3-11: Sub-Basin (7 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Groups Category ................................................................................................................ 105

Table 3-12: Sub-Basin (25 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Texture ... 106

Table 3-13: Sub-Basin (21 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Erosion Category ................................................................................................................ 107

Table 3-14: Sub-basin wise (Penganga sub-basins) area under different drainage condition category ................................................................................................. 108

Table 3-15: The Sub-basin Wise (all 30 sub-basins) Area under different Land Capability Classes ................................................................................................. 109

Table 3-16: Sub-basin Wise (all 27 sub-basins) Area Suitable for Irrigability ......... 113

Table 3-17: Nature of Land slopes ......................................................................... 115

Table 4-1: Land Use Pattern .................................................................................. 117

Table 4-2: Details of Land: ..................................................................................... 118

Table 4-3: Diversion of Agricultural Land ............................................................... 119

Table 4-4: Galper Land in Godavari Basin ............................................................. 119

Table 4-5: Surplus Land in Godavari Basin ........................................................... 120

Table 4-6: Existing Cropping Pattern ..................................................................... 121

Table 4-7: Source of Irrigation ............................................................................... 122

Table 4-8: Irrigation Source wise Crop Area .......................................................... 122

Table 4-9: Categorization of Godavari basin .......................................................... 123

Table 4-10: Perennial Crops Suggested ................................................................ 123

Table 4-11: Productivities of Different Crops ......................................................... 124

Table 4-12: Crop wise yield ................................................................................... 125

Table 4-13: Crop wise Production .......................................................................... 125

Table 4-14: Agricultural Infrastructure .................................................................... 126

Table 4-15: Decentralized Agro processing Centers .............................................. 128

Table 4-16: Agricultural Marketing ......................................................................... 130

Table 4-17: Ultimate Irrigation Potential ................................................................. 131

Table 5-1: Godavari River System in the Maharashtra State ................................. 162




Table 5-2: Morphological details of rivers ............................................................... 166

Table 6-1: Basinwise Meteorological stations network of HP,Nashik ...................... 171

Table 6-2: Meteorological stations data used for Godavari Basin/sub-basins ......... 172

Table 6-3: Annual observed station Rainfall in Godavari sub-basins ...................... 172

Table 6-4: Sub-basin wise Average Annual Rainfall Distribution ............................ 174

Table 6-5: Sub-basin wise stochasticity of rainfall by Thiessen's method ............... 176

Table 6-6: Adequacy of Rain gauge Stations ......................................................... 177

Table 6-7: Cliamtalogical data of Godavari basin. .................................................. 179

Table 6-8: River gauging and tank data used for analysis ...................................... 181

Table 6-9: Group/Sub-basin wise Monthly/monsoon regression equations for monsoon months ................................................................................................... 182

Table 6-10: Post monsoon flow .............................................................................. 194

Table 6-11: Sub-basin wise present Annual yields arrived for Godavari Basin ....... 195

Table 6-12: Comparison * of previous estimations and present estimation of yields .............................................................................................................................. 197

Table 6-13: Annual yield rates arrived for Godavari sub-basins ............................. 200

Table 6-14: Sub-basins of Godavari basin as per GWDTA .................................... 215

Table 6-15: Abstract of the tribunal awards ............................................................ 216

Table 6-16: Share of Water allocation and balance of water to flow down .............. 221

Table 6-17: Present annual yield and water allocation by Tribunal ......................... 222

Table 6-18: Classification of sub-basins on the basis of water availability .............. 227

Table 6-19: Classification of sub-basins according to water availability .................. 228

Table 7-1: Project Categorisation ........................................................................... 232

Table 7-2: Status of Irrigation Projects ................................................................... 234

Table 7-3: Abstract of Status of Irrigation Development ......................................... 254

Table 7-4: Well Irrigation in Godavari Basin ........................................................... 257

Table 7-5: Sources, Nature and Objective of Lift Irrigation Schemes ...................... 259

Table 7-6: Lift Schemes in Godavari Basin ............................................................ 259

Table 7-7: Sedimentation in Sub Basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra ........... 265

Table 7-8: Micro Irrigation in Godavari Basin ......................................................... 269

Table 7-9: Backlog in Various Sub Basins .............................................................. 271

Table 7-10: Water Availability and Present/Future Planning ................................... 272

Table 7-11: Inter-Sector Water Allocation ............................................................... 278

Table 7-12: Assessment and Recovery of Revenue generated (In INR Crore) ....... 278

Table 7-13: Population and Domestic Water Demand as per MJP ......................... 280

Table 7-14: Population and Domestic Water Demand as per current norms for 2016 and as per Kelkar Committee Norms recommended for 2030 ................................ 281

Table 7-15: Urban and Rural domestic water use assessed for 30 sub-basins ...... 282

Table 7-16 Sub-basin-wise Per Capita Water Availability in an ascending order. The level of stress is as per Malin Falkenmark’s classification: ..................................... 282

Table 7-17: Current status of urban water supply and sanitation schemes in the Godavari Basin ...................................................................................................... 285

Table 7-18: Current status of rural water supply and sanitation schemes in the Godavari Basin ...................................................................................................... 285

Table 7-19: Current industrial water requirement ................................................... 289

Table 7-20: Industrial Water Demand Projected for 2030 ....................................... 289

Table 7-21: Water Demand of certain important Industries .................................... 290

Table 7-22: Norms for contracting the fishing tanks (as per GR dated 15-01-2001, GoM) ...................................................................................................................... 292

Table 7-23: No. of tanks, water spread area, fish production, rate of fish production, fish seed centers, fish conservation ponds and capacity of fish seed rearing tanks for the year 2010 and 2030 ......................................................................................... 293

Table 7-24: Expected employment generation ....................................................... 294

Table 7-25: Employment in (Persons/Man-days) .................................................... 294

Table 7-26: Sub basin wise co-operative societies for fisherman ........................... 295




Table 7-27: Present and proposed water routes, villages benefited, and employment generated .............................................................................................................. 304

Table 7-28: Some of the important Interstate water routes .................................... 305

Table 8-1: Proposed River Interlinking Projects in Godavari basin ......................... 309

Table 8-2: Interstate projects ................................................................................. 311

Table 8-3: Summary of Proposed Gravity Flow and LIS in diversion of west flowing water ..................................................................................................................... 314

Table 8-4: Proposed Gravity and LIS in diversion of west flowing water ................ 314

Table 8-5: Yield measured at exist locations of Godavari River in Maharashtra State .............................................................................................................................. 318

Table 8-6: Inter basin water diversion schemes ..................................................... 319

Table 8-7: Inter-sub-basin water transfer projects/schemes ................................... 323

Table 9-1: Sub basin wise details of watersheds ................................................... 332

Table 9-2: Watershed criticality ............................................................................. 337

Table 9-3: Watershed wise details of ground water recharge in Mcum .................. 338

Table 10-1: Rivers and sub-basins ........................................................................ 344

Table 10-2: Sub-basin wise present Annual Yields arrived for Godavari Basin ...... 347

Table 10-3: Water allocated to State of Maharashtra by GWDT ............................ 348

Table 10-4: Integration of water balance at present and by 2030 of Upper Godavari, Pravara and MulaI ................................................................................................. 353

Table 10-5: Sub-basin wise shares –Middle Godavari ........................................... 355

Table 10-6: Sub-basin wise shares of Terna and Manjra ....................................... 356

Table 10-7: Middle Godavari Basin - Picture of Integrated Water Balance : Present Status .................................................................................................................... 357

Table 10-8: Middle Godavari Basin - Picture of Integrated Water Balance : Status By 2030 ...................................................................................................................... 358

Table 10-9: Water use allocated as per Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal in Wardha (G-8) sub basin ...................................................................................................... 360

Table 10-10: Godavari in Wardha - Picture of Integrated Water Balance : Present Status .................................................................................................................... 362

Table 10-11: Godavari in Wardha - Picture of Integrated Water Balance : Status By 2030 ...................................................................................................................... 363

Table 10-12: water alloted by Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal in G-9 and G-10 sub basins .................................................................................................................... 365

Table 10-13: Water in balance in the sub basin and conclusions for implementation .............................................................................................................................. 373

Table 10-14: Surface Water Balance - Abstract (MCM) ......................................... 486

Table 10-15: Sub basin wise Categorisation of Watersheds in Godavari basin ...... 504

Table 10-16: Categorization of Sub-basins ............................................................ 505

Table 11-1: Completed /ongoing /proposed structures on the rivers for environment .............................................................................................................................. 549




Figure 1-1: Godavari Basin ...................................................................................... 38

Figure 1-2: State wise Drainage Area ...................................................................... 38

Figure 1-3: Temperature Profile ............................................................................... 40

Figure 1-4: Region wise basin area .......................................................................... 44

Figure 1-5: Sub-basin area ...................................................................................... 46

Figure 1-6: Sub-basin wise watersheds ................................................................... 47

Figure 3-1: Percentage area under different Soil depth classes ............................... 92

Figure 3-2: Taxonomic classification of soils ............................................................ 93

Figure 3-3: Soil textural classification ....................................................................... 94

Figure 3-4: Soil erosion status .................................................................................. 95

Figure 3-5: Drainage condition in Penganga sub basin ............................................ 96

Figure 3-6: Land capability classification .................................................................. 97

Figure 3-7: Arable and Non-arable land distribution ................................................. 97

Figure 3-8: Soil irrigability condition .......................................................................... 99

Figure 3-9: % Area under different slope categories .............................................. 100

Figure 5-1: Line diagram of rivers........................................................................... 168

Figure 6-1: Godavari Basin .................................................................................... 170

Figure 6-2: FCS station –Pategaon (GV-132) ........................................................ 179




Glossary S.

No. Abbreviation Full form

1 AA Administrative Approval

2 ACP Ari commodity Parks/Assistant Commissioner of Police

3 ACS Additional Chief Secretary

4 ACZ Agro-Climatic Zones

5 AD Anno Domini

6 ADF Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development and Fisheries

7 AFCL. Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd.

8 AFS Annual Financial Statement

9 AIBP Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program

10 AICTE All India Council for Technical Education

11 AIDC Agro-Industries Development Corporation

12 AIDP Agro Industry Development Programme

13 ALTS Agriculture Labour Training School

14 AM&R Annual Maintenance and Repairs.

15 AMRUT Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation

16 ANC Ante Natal Care

17 ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife

18 APMC Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee

19 AR Assured Rainfall zone

20 ARG Autographic Raingauge Station

21 ARI Acute Respiratory Infection

22 Art Article

23 ARWSP Accelerated Rural Water Supply Program

24 AS Sickle Cell Carrier

25 ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist

26 ASPG Agro Services Provider Groups

27 ATC Additional Tribal Commissioner

28 ATMA Agricultural Technology Management Agency

29 ATS Agriculture Technical School

30 AYUSH Ayurveda,Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha & Homeopathy

31 B.A. Bachelor of Arts

32 B.C. Before Criest

33 B.Com. Bachelor of Commerce

34 B.Sc. Bachelor of Science

35 BAIF Bhartiya Agro Industries Foundations

36 BAM Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada




S. No. Abbreviation Full form

37 BAMU Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University

38 BCM Billon Cubic Meter

39 BDO Block Development Officer

40 BEAMS Budget Estimation, Allocation & Monitoring System

41 BHEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

42 BMI Body Mass Index

43 BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

44 BOT Build, Operate &Transfer

45 BPC Block Planning Committee

46 BPL Below Poverty Line

47 BPO Business Processing Outsourcing

48 CAD Command Area Development

49 CADA CommandArea Development Authority

50 CADWM Command Area Development&Water Management

51 CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate

52 CBA Cost Benefit Analysis

53 CBIP Central Board of Irrigation and Power

54 CBR Crude Birth Rate

55 CC Community College

56 CCA Culturable CommandArea

57 CCT Continuous Contour Trenches

58 CDO Central Design Organisation

59 CEO Chief Executive Officer

60 CEPI Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index

61 CETP Central Effluent Treatment Plant

62 CETP CommonEffluentTreatment Plant

63 CFC Common Facility Centre

64 CGB Central Godavari Basin

65 CGWB Central Groundwater Board

66 CHC Community Health Centre

67 CHW Community HealthWorkers

68 CIDCO City and Industrial Development Corporation

69 CIE Co-operative Industrial Estate

70 CII Confederation of Indian Industries

71 CIL Coal India Limited

72 CM Chief Minister

73 Cm. Centimetre

74 Col. Collectively

75 COTS Commercial on the Shelf

76 CPCB Central Pollution Control Board





77 CPHEEO Central Public Health & Environmental Engineering Organisation

78 CRF Central Roads Fund

79 CRHP Comprehensive Rural Health Project

80 CRIDA Central Research Institute for Dry LandAreas

81 CRZ Coastal Regulation Zone

82 CSS Centrally Sponsored Scheme

83 cum. Cubic meter

84 CV Coefficient of Variation

85 CWC Central Water Commission

86 DADM Dry-Land Agriculture Development Mission

87 DCM Deputy Chief Minister

88 DCR Development Control Regulations

89 DEO District Extension Officer

90 DEOC District Emergency Operation Centre

91 DES Directorate of Economics and Statistics

92 DESU District Extension Services Unit

93 DFID Department for International Development (UK)

94 DIC District Industries Centre

95 DIPP Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion

96 DIRD Directorate of Irrigation Research and Development

97 DIV Division

98 DLHS District Level Household Survey

99 DMIC Delhi - Mumbai Industrial Corridor

100 DMP Disaster Management Plan

101 DP Drought Prone

102 DPA Drought Prone Area

103 DPAP Drought ProneArea Programme

104 DPC District Planning Committee

105 DPDC District Planning and Development Council

106 DRDA District Rural Development Agency

107 DSR District Schedule of Rates

108 DST Distribution Network

109 DTE Directorate of Technical Education

110 DWMC District Watershed Management Committee

111 EBM Education Backwardness Measure

112 EDP Educational Development Plan

113 EGB Eastern Godavari Basin

114 EGoM Empowered Group of Ministers

115 EGS Employment Guarantee Scheme

116 EHV Extra-HighVoltage





117 EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

118 EMI Eight Monthly Irrigation

119 ESIC Employees State Insurance Corporation

120 ESP Electrostatic Precipitator

121 EXIM Export Import

122 F.R.L. Full Reservoir Level

123 FAO food & agriculture organisation

124 FC Forest Conservation

125 FCI Food Corporation of India

126 FCS Flood Control Station

127 FCS Full Climatological Stations

128 FDA Food and Drugs Administration

129 FFC Fact Finding Committee

130 FFT Fact FindingTeam

131 FLIM Fodder and Livestock Improvement Mission

132 FRA Forest RightsAct

133 FRBM Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management

134 FReL Fiscal Responsibility Law

135 FSI Floor Space Index

136 FTK Field Testing Kits

137 FTWZ FreeTrade Warehousing Zone

138 FW Family Welfare

139 FWTI Farm Women Training Institute

140 FY Financial Year

141 FYP Five Year Plan

142 G & D Gauge & Discharge

143 GA Geographical Area

144 GB Godavari Baisn

145 GDDP Gross District Domestic Product

146 GDDPCI Gross District Domestic Per Capita Income

147 GDP Gross Domestic Product

148 GDP Gross Domestic Product

149 GDS Gauge discharge sites

150 GEMS Global Environmental Monitoring System

151 GGE Gender Gaps in Education

152 GH Ghat Zone

153 GIA Grant-in-Aid

154 GIS Geographical Information Systems

155 GIWP Godavari Integrated Water Plan

156 GMIDC Godavari Marathwada Irrigation Development Corporation





157 GMR Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao

158 GoI Government of India

159 GoM Government of Maharashtra

160 GOS Gate Operation Schedule

161 GR Government Resolution

162 GSDA GroundWater Survey&DevelopmentAgency

163 GSDA) Groundwater Surveys & Development Agency

164 GSDP Gross State Domestic Product

165 GST Goods and ServiceTax

166 GW Groundwater

167 GWDT Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal

168 GWMA Ground Water Management Association

169 GWP Global Water Partnership

170 Ha Hectare

171 HDI Human Development Index

172 HFL High Flood Level

173 HIG High Income Group

174 HIV Human Immuno deficiencyVirus

175 HLEG High Level Expert Group

176 HMIS Health Management Information System

177 Hon'ble Honorable

178 HP Horse Power

179 HR Human Resources/ Head Regulator (Tudumb).

180 HRA House Rent Allowance

181 HRD Human Resource Development

182 HRM High Rainfall zone with soil from Mixed parent material

183 HSC Higher Secondary Certificate

184 HW Hot Weather

185 HYV High Yield Variety

186 I&BC Indicators and Backlog Committee

187 IAM Institute of Agricultural Mechanization

188 IAP Integrated Action Plan

189 IAS Indian Administrative Service

190 IBSSA Incentive Based Scheme for Skill Acquisition

191 ICA Irrigable Command Area

192 ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research

193 ICDS Integrated Child Development Scheme

194 ICT Information and Communications Technology

195 ICTC Integrated Counselling and Treatment Centre

196 IDCs Irrigation Development Corporations





197 IDMO Integrated Disaster Management Organization

198 IEA Independent Evaluation Agency

199 IEM Industrial Entrepreneurs Memorandum

200 IEO Independent Evaluation Office

201 IEPL Ideal Energy Projects Ltd.

202 IGIDR Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research

203 IID Integrated Infrastructure Development

204 IIM Indian Institute of Management

205 IIPS International Institute for Population Sciences

206 IIT Indian Institute of Technology

207 IIUS Industrial Infrastructure Upgradation Scheme

208 ILA Institutional & Legal Arrangements

209 IMD Indian Meteorological Department

210 IMF International Monetary Fund

211 IMFL Indian Made Foreign Liquor

212 IMR Infant Mortality Rate

213 INM Integrated Nutrient Management

214 IP Irrigation Potential

215 IPHS Indian Public Health Standards

216 IPI Irrigation Project Investigation

217 IRBP Integrated River Basin Planning

218 IRC Indian Roads Congress

219 IRD Irrigation Research Directorate

220 ISRO Indian Space Research Organization

221 ISSP Indian Statistical Statement Project

222 ISWP Integrated State Water Plan

223 IT Information Technology

224 ITDP Integrated Tribal Development Project

225 ITES Information Technology Enabled Services

226 ITI Industrial Training Institute

227 IWRDM Integrated Water Resource Development & Management

228 IWRDP Integrated Water Resources Development Plan

229 IWT Inland Water Transport

230 JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

231 JNPT Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust

232 JRMMC Joint Risk Monitoring and Management Committee

233 KEM Konkan Excluding Mumbai

234 KFW (Germany)

235 Kg./Ha Kilogram per Hectare

236 Khar Pan Patta Saline Area of Amravati and Akola Districts





237 KIDC Konkan Irrigation Development Corporation

238 KM Kilo Meter

239 KT Kolhapur Type

240 KVI Key Volume Indicator

241 KVK Krishi Vigyan Kendra

242 KW KiloWatt

243 KWDT Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal

244 KWH Kilo Watt Hour

245 L&Jd Law and Judiciary Department

246 LBC Left Bank Canal

247 LHV Lady Health Visitor

248 LIG Low Income Group

249 LIS Lift Irrigation Scheme

250 lpcd litres per capita per day

251 LPCPD Litres Per Capita Per Day

252 LRDS Limited Rate Demand Schedule

253 LS Local Sector

254 LWE Left Wing Extremism

255 LWL Lowest water level

256 M Meter

257 M&R Maintance & Repairs

258 M2 Square Meter

259 M3 Cubic meter

260 MAAS MaharashtraAssociation ofAnthropological Sciences

261 MADC MaharashtraAirport Development Company

262 MAFSU MaharshtraAnimal and Fishery Sciences University

263 MAHAGENCO Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Limited

264 MAIC Maharashtra Agro-Industrial Corporation

265 MAID MaharashtraAgro-Industries Development Corporation

266 MARD Marathwada Aurangabad Revenue Division

267 MASA Maharashtra Agriculture StatisticalAgency

268 MAU Marathwada Agricultural University

269 MAX Maximum

270 MBA Master of Business Administration

271 MBBS Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery

272 MCAFR Maharashtra Council for Agriculture Education and Research

273 MCAR Maharashtra Council of Agricultural Research

274 Mcft Million Cubic feet

275 MCL Mahanadi Coalfields Limited





276 Mcum Million Cubic Meter

277 MDDL Maximum Draw Down Level

278 MDR Major District Roads

279 MDRC Maharashtra Development Research Council

280 MEDA Mission Economic Development Association

281 MEDC Maharashtra Economic Development Council

282 MEGS Maharashtra Employment Guarantee Scheme

283 MERI Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute

284 MFP Minimum Foundation Programme

285 MGA Maharashtra Ground Water Act.

286 MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

287 MGW (D&M) Maharashtra Ground Water (Development and Management) Act, 2009/2013 Act 2009

288 MHADA Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority

289 MHRD Ministry of Human Resource Development

290 MI Minor Irrigation

291 MIDC Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation

292 MIG Middle Income Group

293 MIHAN Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur

294 MIN Minimum

295 MINARS Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources

296 MIS Management Information System

297 MIS Micro Irrigation System

298 MIT Maharashtra Information of Technology

299 MJP Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran

300 MKVDC Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation

301 MLA Member of Legislative Assembly

302 MLC Member of Legislative Council

303 MLD/mld Million Litres per Day

304 MLLA Maharashtra Land Lease Act

305 MM Maji Malgujari (In the context of Nagpur)

306 MM Mile Meter

307 Mm3 Million Cubic Meter

308 MMISF Maharashtra Management of Irrigation System by Farmers Act.

309 MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio

310 MMTs Maji Malgujari Tanks

311 MNC Multi National Company

312 MNP Minimum Needs Programme

313 MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests

314 Mono- croping Paddy crop





315 MoRD Ministry of Research & Development

316 MoWRGOI Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India

317 MP MP Member of Parliament

318 MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board

319 MPCE Monthly Per capita Consumer Expenditure

320 MPHW Multi-Purpose Health Worker

321 MPKV Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth

322 MPLAD Members of Parliament LocalArea Development

323 MPR Monthly Progressive Report

324 MPW MultipurposeWorker

325 MR Moderate Rainfall zone

326 MRSAC Maharashtra Remote Sensing Application Center

327 MSE-CDP Micro and Small Enterprises - Cluster Development Programme

328 MSH Major State Highway

329 MSL Mean Sea Level

330 MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise

331 MSP Minimum Support Price

332 MSSIDC Maharashtra Small Scale Industries Development Corporation

333 MT Metric Tonne

334 MTA Million Tonnes per Year

335 MTDC MTDC Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation

336 mtr. Meter

337 MTSE Maharashtra Talent Search Examination

338 MUs Million Units

339 MVET Maharashtra Vocational and Education Training

340 MW Mega Watt

341 MWIS Maharashtra Water and Irrigation Commission

342 MWRDC Maharashtra Water Resources Developement Corporation

343 MWRRA Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority

344 MWSIP Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project

345 NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development

346 NAC National Agricultural Commission

347 NAREGA National Rural Employment GuaranteeAct

348 NASSCOM NationalAssociation of Software and Services Companies

349 NBSS National Bureau of Soil Survey

350 N-CADA New CommandArea DevelopmentAuthority

351 NDMA National Disaster Management Authority

352 NDWM National Drinking water Mission

353 NEERI State Level Water Quality Review Committee





354 NEP National Environment Policy ()

355 NFHS National Family Health Survey

356 NGO Non Government Organisation

357 NH National Highway

358 NHDP National Highways Development Project

359 NHP National Health Package

360 NIC National Irrigation Commission

361 NIMZ National Investment and Manufacturing Zone

362 NIT National Institute ofTechnology

363 NNMB National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau

364 NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Kalium (Potassium)

365 NPV Net PresentValue

366 NRCP National River Conservation Plan

367 NRDWP National Rural Drinking Water Program

368 NRHM National Rural Health Mission

369 NRLD National Register on Large Dams

370 NRSC National Remote Sensing Center

371 NSF National Sanitation Foundation

372 NSSO National Sample Survey Organization

373 NTFP Non-Timber Forest Produce

374 NVEQF NVEQF NationalVocational Education Qualifications Framework

375 NWDA. National Water Development Authority

376 NWMP National Water Quality Monitoring Program

377 NWP National Water Policy

378 O & M Operation & Maintenance

379 OCR Optical Character Recognition

380 ODR Other District Road

381 OTSP OutsideTribal Sub Plan

382 P.G. Post Graduation

383 PAPs Project Affected Persons

384 PAR Performance Appraisal Report

385 PCI Per Capita Income

386 PDN Pipeline Distribution Network

387 PDROs Primary Dispute Resolution Officers

388 PDS Public Distribution System

389 PESA Panchayat Extension to ScheduledAreas

390 PHC Primary Health Centre

391 PHCC Primary Health Care Centre

392 PHN Public Health Nurse

393 PIM Participatory Irrigation Management





394 PKV Panjabrao KrishiVidyapeeth

395 plf Plant Load Factor

396 PMF Probable Maximum Flood (

397 PMGSY Pradhan Mantri Gram SadakYojna

398 PMKSY Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana

399 PPP Public Private Partnership

400 PPP Public Private Partnership

401 PRBC Pravara Right Bank Canal

402 PRI Panchayati Raj Institution

403 PSI Package of Scheme of Incentives

404 PSU Public Sector Undertaking

405 PTG PrimitiveTribal Groups

406 PURA Provision of UrbanAmenities to Rural Areas

407 PV Photovoltaic

408 PWD Public Works Department

409 R&D Research and Development

410 R&R/RR Rainfall & Runoff

411 RAA Revised Administrative Approval

412 Rabi Season Winter Season

413 RAMM Regional Agriculture Mechanization Mission

414 RBA River Basin Agency

415 RBC Right Bank Canal

416 RCH Reproductive&Child Health

417 RD Revenue Division

418 RDB Regional Development Board

419 RDC Regional Development Commissioner

420 RDD Rural Development Department

421 RDP Road Development Plan

422 REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation

423 RF Reserved Forest

424 RFI Rural Financial Institutions

425 RGNDWM Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission

426 RGS River Gauging Station

427 RH Rural Hospital

428 RIP Revision of Irrigation Potential

429 RL Reduce Level

430 RM Rising Main

431 RMP Risk-Management plan

432 RoM Rest of Maharashtra (Pune, Nashik&Konkan Revenue Divisions)





433 ROS Reservoir Operation Schedule

434 RRO Relief and Rehabilitation Organization

435 RRR Repairs Renovation & Restoration

436 Rs. Rupees

437 RTE Right to Education

438 RTI Right to Information

439 RTM Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj

440 RUSA Rashtriya Uccha ShikshaAbhiyan

441 SC Scheduled Caste

442 SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

443 SCD Survey of Cause of Death

444 SCSP Scheduled Caste Sub Plan

445 SD Standard Deviation

446 SDB Statutory Development Board

447 SDP State Domestic Product

448 SEARCH Society for Education,Action and Research in Community Health

449 SECL South Eastern Coalfields Limited

450 SEIA Socio-Economic Impact Assessment

451 SEOC State Emergency Operation Centre

452 SEZ Special Economic Zone

453 SH State Highway

454 SHC Sub Health Centre

455 SHG Self Help Group

456 SIT Special Investigation Team

457 SME Small and Medium Enterprise

458 SNDT Shreemati Nathibai DamodarThackersey

459 SPV Special PurposeVehicle

460 Sq.Ft. Square Feet

461 Sq.Km. Square Kilometre

462 SR Special Repairs

463 SRG Standard Rain Gauge

464 SRI System of Rice Intensification

465 SRTM Swami RamanandTirtha Marathwada

466 SS Sicklecell Society

467 SS State Sector Projects

468 SSA Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

469 SSC Secondary School Certificate

470 SSI Small Scale Industries

471 SSSP State Statistical Strengthening Project





472 ST ScheduledTribe

473 Std. Standard

474 STDEV Standard Deviation

475 STP Systematic Transfer Plan

476 SWB State Water Board

477 SWC State Water Councial

478 SWP State Water Policy

479 TAC TribalAdvisory Council

480 Tb Tuberculosis

481 TCS Tata Consultancy Services

482 TDD Tribal Development Department

483 TDI Taluka Development Index

484 TDR Transfer of Development Rights

485 TFR Total Fertility Rate

486 TGA Total Geographical Area

487 Th.HA. Thousand Hectare

488 TIDC Tapi Irrigation Development Corporation

489 TINA There Is No Alternative

490 TMC Thousand Million Cubic feet

491 ToR Terms of Reference

492 TP Transit Permit / Treatment Plant

493 TPP TPP Thermal Power Plant

494 TRDF Technical Research and Development Fund

495 TRI Transition Zone - I

496 TRTI Tribal Research&Training Institute

497 TSP Tribal Sub Plan

498 TTR2 Transition Zone - II

499 TUF Technology Upgradation Fund

500 UGC University Grants Commission

501 UHC Universal Health Care

502 UIDSSMT Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns

503 ULB Urban Local Bodies

504 UMPP Ultra Mega Power Plant

505 UNDP United Nations Development Programme

506 UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change

507 UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

508 Unicef United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund

509 US United States

510 USA United States ofAmerica





511 USFDA United States Food and Drug Administarion

512 VAT Value Added Tax

513 VATI Vocational Agriculture Training Institute

514 VGF Viability Gap Funding

515 VIDC Vidarbha Irrigation Development Corporation

516 Viz Used for 'for example', 'as like'

517 VM Volumetric Measurement

518 VR Village Road

519 VRL Very high Rainfall zone with Lateritic with black and red soil (Vertisol &Oxysol)

520 VRN Very high Rainfall zone with Non-Lateritic soils

521 VSI Vasantdada Sugar Institute

522 VTDC VidarbhaTourism Development Corporation

523 w.r.t. With reference to

524 WALMI Water and Land Management Institute

525 WAT Water Absorption Trenches

526 WCD Water Conservation Department

527 WCL Western Coalfields Limited

528 WER Water Evaporation Retardant

529 WFR West Flowing Rivers

530 WGB Western Godavari Basin

531 WHO World Health Organisation

532 WMGR Water Management, Governance & Regulation

533 WMO World Meteorological Organization

534 WQAA Water Quality Assessment Authority

535 WQI Water Quality Index

536 WQRC Water Quality Review Committee WQRC

537 WRD Water Resources Department

538 WRMT Water Resources Management & Training

539 WSD Watershed Development

540 WSSD Water Supply and Sanitation Department

541 WUAs Water Users' Associations

542 WW Waste Weir

543 YAP Yamuna Action Plan

544 YASHADA Yashwantrao ChavanAcademy of DevelopmentAdministration

545 YOY Year on Year

546 ZP Zilla Parishad

547 ZREAC Zonal Reserch And Extension Advisory Committee




1 Introduction 1.0 Preamble

Keeping in view all characteristics of Water as a Resource, different types of infrastructure has been developed to harness water resource so as to match the supply with the dynamics of various competing demands on water. A holistic and inter-disciplinary approach towards planning, development and management of surface & groundwater resource in an integrated & environmentally sound basis, and governed by rational perspectives should be aimed at.

As a part of Integrated State Water Plan (ISWP), comprehensive plan for Godavari Basin has been prepared by adopting Integrated Water Resource Development and Management (IWRDM) and in consultation with the stakeholders. Brunt of surface water resource development is taken care of by a mosaic of major, medium and minor dams scattered all over the basin. Thousands of local sector minor irrigation schemes (less than 250 ha each) are taken up to ensure dispersal of irrigation benefits in the upper reaches of sub basins. At the micro level, watershed has been considered as a unit for development. Even if GW development is done entirely through the private sector, augmentation of GW through water conservation activities is done through Govt. agencies. Watershed development works ensure more equitable allocation of water in the watersheds and aim at water security, food security and more employment generation in rural area. For the basin as a whole, efficient water use in all WRD infrastructures, optimization of financial returns, increased employment generation in rural area, duly achieved by least degradation of the environment and ecosystems are the broad objectives.

1.1 Introduction of Godavari Basin

Godavari River is the longest river in southern India. The river originates at RL 1067 m near Trimbakeshwar (19055’47”N and 73031’22”E) in Brahmagiri ranges in the Sahyadri of Western Ghats in Nashik District and meets sea at the Bay of Bengal in Andhra Pradesh state. Total length of the Godavari River is 1465 km, out of which length within Maharashtra state it is 694 km.

Godavari basin extends over states of Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha, in addition to smaller parts in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Union territory of Pudducherry and having a total drainage area of 3,12,811 sqkm. The basin has a length of about 995 km and width of about 583 km and lies between 73°24’ to 83°4’ east longitudes and 16°19’ to 22°34’ North latitudes and occupies nearly 9.5% of the total geographical area of the country and is largest river basin in the Peninsular India. Within the Maharashtra state, Godavari River Basin drains an area of 1,52,598 sqkm. (i.e., about 49% of the total Godavari Catchment Area). In the Maharashtra state, it occupies about 49.7% of the total geographic area. The basin is bounded by the Western Ghats on the west side; Satmala hills, Ajanta range and Mahadeo hills on the north; low hill ranges in the South and by the Eastern Ghats in the east. As explained below in para 1.5, it is proposed to divide the entire basin in Maharashtra State in 3 parts, viz. Western Godavari Basin (WGB), Central Godavari Basin (CGB) and Eastern Godavari Basin (EGB). Same terminology is used in this Chapter to describe the basins.




Map of entire Godavari Basin showing area under different states is shown below. Pie-chart showing area occupied by each state is also shown below.

Figure 1-1: Godavari Basin

Figure 1-2: State wise Drainage Area

Source : CWC Report on Godavari Basin March 2014




1.2 Land use pattern

Existing land use pattern in any river basin is a fairly useful indicator in understanding the environmental set up, climatic conditions, socio-economic status and infrastructural facilities in a River Basin. Major part i.e. about 71% of the Godavari basin in Maharashtra state is under agricultural land. Western part close to Sahyadri ranges and North-eastern part of the basin is particularly rich in deciduous forests, covering about 17 % of the total basin area. Area under water bodies occupy about 3.3% of the total basin area. Other main categories of land use/land cover in the basin are fallow land, waste land, scrub forest, mining, built up area etc. (Land use land cover Atlas of India, NRSC, 2011).

Table 1-1: Total Land Use / Cover statistics

Sr. No.

Category Total Basin Area Basin Area in Maharashtra

Area (Sq. km)

% of Total Area

Area (Sq. km) % of Total Area

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Built up land 5,190 1.60 2191 1.44

2 Agricultural 1,86,431 59.60 108413 71.04

3 Forest 93,140 29.80 25372 16.63

4 Wasteland 16,790 5.40 14086 9.23

5 Water bodies 11,260 3.60 2536 1.66

Total 3,12,811 100 152598 100

Source : CWC Report on Godavari Basin March 2014 Abstracted information from http://www.ireda.gov.in/writereaddata/AtlasPotentialLandRE/Data/Maharashtra.pdf

1.3 Rainfall Pattern in the Godavari Basin (GB)

Godavari Basin receives its maximum rainfall from South-west monsoon, which strikes the west Coast of the Peninsula from west and South-west; meet the Western Ghats or Sahyadri ranges which present an almost uninterrupted barrier ranging from 600 m to 2100 m in height above MSL. Before surmounting this barrier, orographic clouds deposit most of their moisture on its windward side, and then sweep across the interior of the peninsula on the easterly course. GB hence receives annual rainfall varying from 1,000 to 3,000 mm in the upper hilly region of Sahyadri range. Before crossing the Western Ghats, clouds lose a large part of its moisture, and rainfall rapidly reduces to less than 600 mm within less than 50 km towards east in the rain shadow area. Zone extending over about 10,400 sq.km having width varying from about 80 km in the South to about 100 km in the North and having less than 600 mm of average annual rainfall is called as drought prone zone. In all 14 districts of Maharashtra state falling in the GB are drought prone (Source: Drought Prone Areas Program, DPAP, MoRD, 2002). Towards east of this zone in Parbhani and Nanded Districts of CGB and then further in the EGB, rainfall gradually increases. Eastern part of the Godavari basin in Vidarbha region falls under assured rainfall zone. This part also receives some rain from North-east monsoon and in association with monsoon depressions which occur in the Bay of Bengal.




Godavari basin as a whole receives 84% of the annual rainfall on an average, from Southwest monsoon only, which sets in by mid June and recedes by mid October. Months of January and February are almost dry receiving less than 15 mm rainfall. During the next three months up to end of May, it varies from 20 mm to about 50 mm. Indravati and Pranhita sub-basins also receive rainfall due to influence of depressions, cyclonic storms and North-east monsoon.

1.4 Climate

With a limited latitudinal extent and not so very pronounced range of altitude, the temperature conditions do not change significantly. Godavari basin has a tropical climate, but average temperature gradually increases as we go from WGB to EGB eastwards, highest being in Nagpur Region. Mean annual surface temperature in the Western Ghat area is about 240C, which increases gradually towards east and attains a maximum of 290C in EGB. Weather in the basin is cold from mid-October to mid-February, but the western and the north-eastern part being colder than the rest of the basin. Trend of temprature profile in Godavari basin is shown in the graph below.

Figure 1-3: Temperature Profile

Source : CWC Report on Godavari Basin March 2014

1.5 Tribunal Award for Godavari Basin

Government of India, Ministry of Irrigation and Power constituted Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal on April 10th, 1969. Under the Inter State Water Disputes Act, 1956, all the disputes raised by the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh were referred to the Tribunal for adjudication. The Tribunal headed by Shri. R.S.Bachawat, investigated the matters referred to and forwarded its report to the GoI on November 27th, 1979.

For Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal Award, the entire Godavari basin is divided in 12 sub basins as below




G-1 Upper Godavari (M) G-5 MiddleGodavari (M, AP) G-9 Pranhita (M, MP, AP)

G-2 Pravara (M) G-6 Manair (AP) G-10 LGodavari (M, MP, AP)

G-3Purna (M) G-7 Penganga (M, AP) G-11 Indravati (M, O, MP)

G-4 Manjra (M, K, AP) G-8 Wardha (M, MP, AP) G-12 Sabari (O, MP, AP)

(M-Maharashra, K–Karnataka, AP–Andhra Pradesh, MP–Madhya Pradesh, O– Odisha)

River Indravati joins the river Godavari at the junction of the boundaries of the three States Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. After discussions amongst the five States, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha and subsequent meeting on 19th July, 1975 held at New Delhi, water allocation to Maharashtra is as follows.

G1 Upper Godavari: Maharashtra can use all waters up to Paithan dam site on the Godavari and up to Siddheswar dam site on the Purna.

G2 & G3 Pravara and Purna: Below Paithan dam site on the Godavari and below Siddheswar dam site on the Purna and below Nizamsagar dam site on the Manjra and up to Pochampad dam site on the Godavari, Maharashtra can utilize waters not exceeding 60 TMC for new Projects including any additional use over and above the present sanctioned or cleared utilization, as the case may be.

G4 Manjara: In the Manjra sub-basin above Nizamsagar dam site, Maharashtra can utilize waters not exceeding 22 TMC for new projects including any additional use over and above the present sanctioned or cleared utilization as the case may be: Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh will be free to use additional quantity of 300 TMC of water each below Pochampad dam site for new projects. Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh agree in principle to taking up of Inchampalli Project with F.R.L. as commonly agreed to by the interested States, viz., Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh agree to take up following Joint Projects at the appropriate time with agreed utilisations: Lendi Project, Lower Penganga Project, Pranahita Project.

G5 Middle Godavari: The State of Maharashtra can use a quantity of 0.4 TMC of water in the Middle Godavari sub-basin for the existing, under construction and proposed projects/schemes downstream of the Pochampad Dam

G6 Manair: The State of Andhra Pradesh can use all the waters of Manar sub-basin. G7 Penganga: The State of Maharashtra can use all the waters upto: Lower Penganga Project site near Chikal Wardha on Penganga river. Waghadi Project Dam site on the Waghadi river near village Yelbara. In addition to the use of all the waters of the Penganga sub-basin upto the point as specified above the State of Maharashtra can use from the waters of the rest of the Penganga sub-basin 9 TMC for its existing, under construction and proposed schemes / projects each of which individually will not exceed an annual use of 1.5 TMC

G8 Wardha : The State of Madhya Pradesh in terms of the Agreement relating to certain Inter-State irrigation and hydel projects between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra dated 18th December, 1968 can use 9.10 TMC for its existing, under construction and proposed schemes/projects which are located upstream of the contemplated Upper Wardha Project of




the State of Maharashtra. In addition to this, the State of Madhya Pradesh can use a quantity of 1 TMC for its existing, under construction and proposed schemes/projects in the remaining portion of the sub-basin. Maharashtra, subject to the use by the State of Madhya Pradesh as stipulated above, they can use all the waters of the river Wardha and/or its tributaries for its existing, under construction and proposed projects/schemes upto the following points: Upto Tulana Project, on the Wardha river at Tulana village. On the tributaries of the Wardha river joining downstream of the Tulana site upto Chargaon Project Merged Project, Lat. 280-03’-N and Long 780-53’E; and Bandara Project Lat. 190-40’-15”N Long. 790-23’-55”E In addition to the use of water upto the projects as specified above, the following uses are agreed to for the schemes existing, under construction and proposed in the Wardha sub-basin downstream of the project sites mentioned above (1) Mudhali Project 2.80 TMC

(2) Lift Irrigation from Dhanora weir 2.70 TMC (3) Lift Irrigation from Mared weir 2.80 TMC (4) Lift Irrigation from Kalmana weir 2.00 TMC (5) Lift Irrigation from Tohegaon weir 1.60 TMC (6) Lift Irrigation from Sonapur weir 2.00 TMC (7) Usagaon Bulsani and Chandur Lift Irrigation Schemes 3.00 TMC (8) Other Schemes each of which individually utilising not more than 1.5

TMC 9.10 TMC

Total 26.00 TMC

Provided that in the event of full quantity of water agreed to be allocated for any of the items 1 to 7 above can not be sanctioned for use at any of those projects, the balance of the quantity of water allocated herein above for projects at Items 1 to 7 above can be sanctioned for use by the State of Maharashtra in any of the other projects as specified in items 1 to 8 subject to the condition that the total uses of all such sanctions for the projects as specified in items 1 to 8 shall not exceed 26 TMC.

G9 Pranhita sub-basin: Subject to what has been stated above regarding use of the Pranhita sub-basin waters by the State of Madhya Pradesh, the State of Maharashtra can use all waters of the river Wainganga and/or its tributaries upto the following points: Gosikhurd Project site on the Wainganga river near village Gosikhurd. Lower Chulband Dam site on the Chulband river near village Bonde Itiadoh dam on the Garvi river near village Gothangaon. Satti Project site on the Satti river near village Palasgad. Lower Tultuli dam site on the Khobragadi river near village Tultuli Lower Kathani dam site on the Kathani river near village Rajoli. Bhimkund dam site on the Pohar river near village Wakri. Dina dam on the Dina river near village Regree. Buti nala dam site on the Buti nala near village Panoti. Gardi Project dam site on the Gardi nalla near village Chandgaon Khurd. Nimghat dam site on the Nimghat Dhoda nalla near village Mendki Asolamendha dam on the Pathri river near village Asolamendha Ghorajhari dam on the Bokardho nalla near village Ghorajhari. Human nalla dam site on the Human nalla near village Chirkhada. Naleshwar dam on the Upsa nalla near village Naleshwar.

In addition to the use of all the waters of the river Wainganga and /or its tributaries upto the points as specified in clauses above, the State of Maharashtra can use, from the waters of rest of the Pranhita sub-basin 41 TMC for its existing, under construction and proposed schemes/projects using annually not more than 1.50 TMC individually. It is also agreed that Pranhita Hydro-electric Project is not viable and therefore has to be given up. However, the States of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra agree to have




barrage/barrages across the Pranhita river at suitable sites so that they may provide irrigation facilities in their areas. The quantum of water that will be used by Maharashtra from these barrages will be reckoned against 41 TMC as specified above. The joint Project/Projects for such barrages are to be taken up after reaching separate Agreement/Agreements for them, between the States of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, either for the benefit of both the States or one State. G-10 Lower Godavari : The State of Maharashtra can use upto 1 TMC for its existing, under construction and proposed schemes/projects in the Lower Godavari sub-basin. The States of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh agree to take up the Inchampalli Multi-purpose Project as a joint venture . The State of Andhra Pradesh cannot divert for its use more than 85 TMC directly from the Inchampalli reservoir. No part of the reservoir losses at Inchampalli shall be debitable to the shares of water agreed to for the States of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. The Andhra Pradesh shall bear 78.10 % of the cost of Inchampalli storage, Maharashtra shall bear 10.50 % and Madhya Pradesh shall bear 11.40 % The power generation at Inchampally and the cost of power component, excluding the storage cost, shall be shared between the Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh in the proportion of 38, 35, 27 per cent respectively. After generation of power the Andhra Pradesh can use the water released in any manner they like. The Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh would be free to use 3 TMC , 4 TMC and 5 TMC, respectively, by lifting water from the Inchampalli reservoir for use in their own territory without bearing any cost of the storage. The quantum of this use will be accounted for against the provision made for the Madhya Pradesh; Maharashtra; and Andhra Pradesh.

G-11 Indravati : Maharashtra can use 34 TMC for its existing, under construction and proposed project/projects upstream of Bhopalapatnam I Hydro-electric Project. This includes the share of evaporation losses of Maharashtra at the Bhopalapatnam I Hydro-electric Project. Maharashtra can use an additional quantum of 7 TMC downstream of the Bhopalapatnam I Hydro-electric Project for its existing, under construction and proposed projects/schemes each using not more than 1.5 TMC annually. Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra agree that regulated releases after generation of power from Bhopalapatnam I Hydro-electric Project, a joint project of the two States as per the finalised scope would be available for use lower down for the Inchampalli project another joint project of all the three States, viz., Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.

G-12 Sabari : The State of Maharashtra has no share of this basin.




1.6 Status of natural and man-made features in the Godavari Basin

In the Maharashtra state, Godavari Basin is spread over four administrative regions viz. Nashik, Aurangabad, Amravati and Nagpur. It is proposed to present in this chapter, salient details of Godavari Basin by dividing the entire basin in the Maharashtra state in three parts in the following manner:

Western Godavari Basin (WGB). Central Godavari Basin (CGB). Eastern Godavari Basin (EGB).

Such division is proposed firstly because, area of WGB is covered mostly by Nashik Administrative Region, that of CGB mostly by Aurangabad Administrative Region and that of EGB by Nagpur and Amravati Administrative Regions. Secondly, each of these basins is broadly characterised by its own slightly different rainfall pattern, climate, topography, water resource development infrastructure pattern and so the crops grown. Details of area of each of the above basins and their percentages are as shown in the Pie-chart below:

Figure 1-4: Region wise basin area




1.1.1 Land use pattern Land use pattern in these three basins is as shown below:

Table 1-2: Basin wise Land Use Cover Statistics

Sr. No.

Category Western Godavari Central Godavari Eastern Godavari Area (Sq

km) % of Total Area

Area (Sq km)

% of Total Area

Area (Sq km)

% of Total Area

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Agricultural 17735 80.92 44275 84.98 46402 59.05 2 Built up

land 35 0.16 233 0.45 1923 2.45

3 Wasteland 1580 7.2 5125 9.84 7381 9.39 4 Forest 1863 8.5 1528 2.93 21981 27.97 5 Water

bodies 705 3.22 939 1.80 893 1.14

Total 21918 100% 52100 100% 78580 100 Source : CWC Report on Godavari Basin March 2014 Abstracted information from: http://www.ireda.gov.in/writereaddata/AtlasPotentialLandRE/Data/Maharashtra.pdf

1.1.2 Detailed study of thirty sub basins under Godavari Basin For the sake of detailed study of the Godavari Basin for preparation of Godavari Integrated Water Plan (GIWP), it was divided in 30 sub basins and exhaustive Sub basin wise Reports were got prepared from different Consulting Firms during the period from the year 2007 to 2013. Out of these 30 sub-basins, 3 are under WGB; 9 are under CGB & remaining 18 are under EGB. As a part of the Integrated State Water Plan (ISWP), it is now proposed to prepare comprehensive plan for the entire Godavari Basin, based on the sub basin wise information extracted from the 30 sub basin Reports and other information compiled and collated from concerned Departments of GoM, various Committee Reports and Web sites. Sub basinwise area and number of watersheds in each sub basin has been displayed in histograms as shown below. It is seen from the histogram that, Middle Godavari Sub basin has maximum area of 17208 sqkm and that of Pench (in Maharashtra) is only 539 sqkm. Middle Godavari sub basin has maximum number of watersheds i.e. 82 and Sudha-Swarna has only three watersheds. In all there are 807 watersheds in these 30 sub basins.




Figure 1-5: Sub-basin area




Figure 1-6: Sub-basin wise watersheds




1.1.3 Water availability in Godavari Basin and status of 30 sub basins –

Total water available in Godavari Basin is as shown below

Table 1-3: Basin wise water availability

Basins Surface Water Availability (Mm3)

Ground Water Availability

(Mm3) 75%

dependable 50 %

dependable Average Net Safe

1 2 3 4 5 6 Western Godavari 5,773 6,933 7,152 2704 620 Central Godavari 7,046 9,708 10,803 6798 3170 Eastern Godavari 25,788 33159 33802 7,996 5445 Total 38,607 49,800 51,757 17498 9039 Source: Abstracted information from - table 6.11 of this volume

Depending on the basis of water availability per ha of geographical area, the basins can be divided in five categories. All sub basins in WGB fall under Average categary. In CGB, Purna and Kayadhu sub basins fall under Average categary and all other except Sudha-Suvarna which is in Rich category; are in Deficit category. All sub basins in EGB fall from Average to Ample category. Detais are as shown below:

Table 1-4: Category of Sub Basins w.r.t. Water Availability

Sr. No

Category (w.r.t. Water Availability)

Cum/ Ha

No of Sub

basins

Name of Sub basin Geographical

Area Sqkm

% age

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Highly deficit

(<1500) - - - -

2 Deficit (1500 to 3000)

6 Middle Godavari, Manjra, Terna, Manar, Dudhana, Bembala

39278 25.74%

3 Normal (3000 to 8000)

17 Upper Godavari, Pravara, Mula, Purna, Lendi, Kayadhu, Penganga, Pus, Arunavati, Wardha, Venna, Erai, Nag, Kolar, Kanhan, Pench, Wainganga

94112 61.67%

4 Surplus (8000 to 12000)

2 Andhari, Bagh 6235 4.09%

5 Abundant (>12000)

5 Sudha-Swarna, Gadhavi, Khobragadi, Pranhita, Indravati

12973 8.50%

30 152598 100% Source: Information from - Table 6.18 of this volume.




1.1.4 Status of Irrigation Projects Status of irrigation potential created and ultimate potential through State Sector irrigation projects in Godavari Basin is as below

Table 1-5: Status of Irrigation Projects

Basin

No of Completed Projects

No. of Projects Under Construction

IP of Completed & Ongoing

Project (lakh Ha)

Ultimate (lakh Ha) Major Medium Minor Major Medium Minor

Western Godavari 15 15 287 3 2 30 5.71 9.07

Central Godavari 2 44 1366 9 8 161 11.01 21.01

Eastern Godavari 14 57 2625 9 36 356 19.77 23.12

Total 31 116 4278 21 46 547 36.49 53.20 Note - Out of total IP of Jayakwadi project 1.83 lakh ha. is considered in CGB. Out of total IP of Penganga sub basin, 1.21 lakh ha. is considered in CGB.

1.1.5 Division of Godavari Basin for further study – Names of sub basins included under WGB, CGB & EGB are as shown below:

Western Godavari Basin – (North Maharashtra – Nashik Region)

Upper Godavari Mula Pravara

Central Godavari Basin – (Marathwada – Aurangabad Region)

Middle Godavari Dudhana

Manjara Purna Terna Kayadhu Lendi Sudha-Swarna Manar

Eastern Godavari Basin – (Vidarbha – Nagpur & Amravati Regions)

Penganga Kolar Pus Sub Basin Kanhan Arunavati Pench Bembla Wainganga Wardha Bagh Venna Gadhavi Erai Khobragadi Andhari Pranhita Nag Indravati Details of natural and man-made features in the GB in Maharashtra State, divided in three parts viz. Western Godavari Basin (WGB), Central Godavari Basin (CGB) and Eastern Godavari Basin (EGB) are covered under sections 1.7, 1.8 and 1.9 here




after. In subsequent Chapters, however, most of the information has been given for the 30 sub basins and then it has been combined for the entire GB in the State.

1.7 Western Godavari Basin (WGB)

Area of this part of the GB is 21918 sqkm, starting from Trimbakeshwar in Nashik District at RL 1067 m, to Jayakwadi dam at Paithan (RL 442 m) in Aurangabad District. Western edge of the basin is an almost unbroken line formed by the Sahyadri range of the Western Ghats. Whereas low hill ranges are located in the northern portion of the sub-basin. Satmala ranges and Ajantha hills extend from west towards east. Except for the hills along ridge lines in the west and North, entire drainage comprises rolling and undulating topography in upper reaches and flatter topography in the lower reaches. Well defined river courses separated by low ridge lines between the rivers and fertile gently sloping lands near rivers are the chief characteristics of this plateau. Very high rainfall of 3360 mm near the source, which reduces rapidly towards east in the rain shadow area even up to 330 mm, are the characteristics of WGB.

1.1.6 Historical Background Nashik was known as Kishkinda before Ramayana period. Nashik has mythological, historical, social and cultural importance. The city is situated on the banks of the Godavari River, making it one of the holiest places for Hindus all over the world. Nashik has a rich historical past, as the mythology has it that Lord Rama, the King of Ayodhya, made Nashik his abode during his 14 years in exile. At the same place Lord Laxman, by the wish of Lord Rama, cut the nose of "Shurpnakha" and thus this city was named as "Nashik".

After the fall of the Satavahana empire, the Abhiras or Ahirs ruled in the north east and the Chutus in Maharashtra and Kuntala. The Puranas state that, ten Abhiras ruled for 67 years. The Nasik inscription speaks of King Madhuriputra Ishvarasena, the Abhir and a son of Shivadatla. This dynasty originated in A. D. 249-50, an era called Kalachuri or Chedi in later times.

From 1487 A.D, the province came under the rule of Mughals and was known as Gulshanabad. It was also home of Emperor Akbar who wrote at length about Nashik in Ein-e-Akbari. It was also known as the 'Land of the Brave' during the regime of Shivaji Maharaj. It was part of the British Regime during pre-independence period.

The most important historical significance is that Kumbh Mela is conducted at Nashik once every twelve years, out of 4 places in India.

1.1.6.1 Geographic coverage and Demography Total Geographic Area (TGA) includes area of Upper Godavari sub basin 15,509 sqkm, area of Mula sub basin 2902 sqkm and area of Pravara sub basin 3507 sqkm, covered in Nashik (33.26%), Ahmednagar (43.66%), Aurangabad (22.61%), Pune (0.09%) and Jalgaon (0.38 %) districts. Land use pattern shows land under forest is 13.06% of TGA. Culturable area including fallow lands is 18.76 lakh ha (81.86% of TGA). Population in this region is 87.27 lakhs (census 2011) and future population projections by 2030 are 122.78 lakhs, with decadal growth of about 21 %. Tribal population of 9.60 lakhs (11%) is noticeable in this region. WGB is divided into 101 watersheds for assessment of GW availability/exploitation and for planning of Water Conservation activities. Out of the 101 watersheds, 47 watersheds are drought prone which amounts to 47% geographic area of the WGB. These are the watersheds located to the east of Sahyadri in the rain shadow area.




1.1.7 Geology and Hydrogeology Deccan Traps (basalt) are the major rock formations. These comprise a series of basaltic lava flows of individual thickness of 8 to 48 m. About 94% of the sub-basin area is covered by Deccan Traps followed by 6% under Alluvium. Alluvial pockets are observed along the main river and its major tributaries. Pravara Sub Basin has its maximum RL 1067 m near Ghatghar -in the Sahyandri ranges and its minimum RL is 465 m at the confluence with Godavari river. Mula Sub Basin has its maximum RL 1110 m at its origin near Harishchandragad in the Sahyadri ranges and minimum 480 m where it meets Pravara river near village Pachegaon.

1.1.8 Groundwater (GW) occurrence, movement and use - Groundwater potential is limited and available mainly in shallow unconfined, disconnected aquifers which can be tapped by dug wells. GW gets annual replenishment through precipitation, irrigation return flows, canal seepage, tank irrigation etc. Recharge components are 13.65 Mm3 (60%) from rainfall, 0.35 Mm3 (2%) from canal seepage, 4.07 Mm3 (18%) from return flow from surface irrigation, 3.46 Mm3 (15%) from return flow from GW irrigation and 1.30 Mm3 (5%) from tank, ponds and water conservation structures. GW occurs under unconfined condition within a depth of 30 m. It occurs under semi confined or confined condition below the depth of 30 m. About 94% of the sub-basin area is recharge-worthy area. Optimum yield of dug wells in Deccan Trap ranges from 2 to 90 cum/hr and in alluvium it is from 2 to 190 cum/hr. GW is also available in deep aquifers at some locations, which is exploited (aptly called as mined) by means of deep drilled bores and electrically operated submersible pumps

Watershed wise GW availability and its present use have been estimated by GSDA for the year 2007-08. From which it is observed that Net GW availability in this region is 2834 Mm3 out of which utilizable GW is 2426 mm3 (86 %) and total GW use is 3218 Mm3 (114%). Out of 101 watersheds in this region, 62 are safe, 21 are semi critical and 18 are over exploited. It means that 40% watersheds fall under semi critical and over exploited category, indicating that further GW exploitation should be made very cautiously to avoid over exploitation in these watersheds. Watershed Development (WSD) activities should be taken up on priority in such watersheds.

1.1.9 Soils, crops and agro-industries With the analysis of rainfall observed at large number of rain gauge stations in the sub basin for the last 30 years, a new isohyetal map has been developed. Average annual rainfall in the sub basins reduces from about 2000 mm near the origin to about 500 mm at the lower end. There are 9 Agro climatic zones in the state, but the sub-basin falls in 4 agro climatic zones i.e. Transitional Zone–I, Transitional Zone–II, Scarcity Zone and Assured rainfall Zone.

Soils are covered under three major textural classes viz. fine (57%), medium (31%) and coarse texture (12%). Majority of the soils are very gently sloping (1-3% - 52%), followed by gently sloping soils (3-5% - 31%), moderately sloping (5-10% - 17%) and steeply sloping soils as (>10% - 2%). Soils are mainly covered in ‘moderately eroded’ (82%) category, followed by ‘severely eroded’ (15%) and slightly eroded (3%). Majority of the soils are slightly to moderately alkaline (62%) and 75% soils have Ec < 1 dSm. Land use capability classification shows 90% lands are arable lands. About 27% of the soils have depth < 25 cm, 23% between 25 to 45 cm and 50% soils are deep soils.

Soils in Upper Godavari sub-basin are derived from basaltic rocks. In general upper portion of the sub-basins is undulating and soils are shallow, sloping & coarse




textured. Lower portion of the sub basin is flat and the soils are moderately shallow, but deep along the riverbanks and are of medium to fine texture. As per All India Land Use Survey Organization and NBSS, the soils in the sub-basin are quite sensitive to erosion. Therefore, there is a need to undertake soil conservation measures in the sub basin. Efforts have been taken to implement the measures but they are inadequate. Recently Soil and Water Conservation Department in Maharashtra has introduced integrated watershed development in mega or cluster of watersheds put together. This programme will conserve soil, improve fertility of soil, augment GW recharge and would help in reducing siltation of reservoirs to some extent.

Problem of saline and alkaline soil extends over a small percentage of irrigated area. Problem of reclaiming such land by draining and lowering GW table is looked after by DIRD Pune. By and large, water logging and salinity is not a serious problem in the canal command area.

Soil is one of the most important factors for deciding type of crops grown and cropping systems. Arable lands those are useful for crop production are placed under Class-I to IV and the non-arable lands (Useful for Livestock, Forestry, Recreation, Tourism and Wild life conservation etc.) occur under Class-V to VIII. About 75% land is arable while 25% is non arable. Most of the soils are best suited for crops like Cotton, Sugarcane, Sorghum, Wheat, Groundnut, Pigeon pea, Soya bean and Vegetables. Horticultural varieties like Banana, Sweet lime, Grapes, Pomegranate, Guava, Mango are extensively grown and floriculture is also practiced, mostly on wells and under drip irrigation. Total cropping intensity of the sub basin is 139 %. Rabi seasonal and HW seasonal cropping intensity is 41% and 12% respectively.

Sugar Mills - As a result of extensive area under sugar cane cultivation, WGB is known for sugar mills and sugar cane production. Out of the existing over 200 sugar factories installed in the State, 26 are operating in WGB, located within the Nashik Region with an aggregate installed capacity of 54,500 MT. Sugar industry is one of the biggest agro-industries here.

Grapes - It is extensively grown in Nashik region. Grapes are exported and are also used for production of Export Quality wine. Agricultural export zone for Grapes and Mango is being contemplated at Nashik and Aurangabad respectively.

1.1.10 Hydrology, Hydrometeorology, Water Availability and Tribunal Award

1.1.10.1 Hydrology, Hydrometeorology and Water Availability Data for 32 SRG, 1 FCS and 1 ARG and 6 river gauging stations (including 1 tank gauge data) in the sub-basins was available. Maximum rainfall is received from South-west monsoon during Mid June to end September and very meager rainfall is received from North-east monsoon. Average annual rainfall of the sub-basin is 705 mm (CV: 0.16). Maximum, minimum and average temperature observed is 42OC, 7O C and 34OC respectively. Maximum, minimum and average humidity observed was 78%, 58% and 68% respectively. Maximum, minimum and average wind velocities measured were 14 kmph, 1 kmph and 5 kmph respectively. Maximum, minimum and average sunshine hours recorded were 11 hrs, 2 hrs and 7 hrs respectively. Annual average pan evaporation was 1860 mm (Kharif 400 mm, Rabi 570 mm and HW 890 mm).

Maximum rainfall in this region is 3360 mm, minimum is 330 mm and average is 705 mm. Average surface water availability is 2384 Mm3.and 75 % and 50% dependable




water availability is 5773 Mm3 and 6933 Mm3 respectively. (Ref: CE Water planning letter No 1535 Dt. 30.11.2016) Net GW availability is 1365 Mm3.

1.1.10.2 Provisions of Tribunal Award Upper Godavari Sub Basin: Upper Godavari sub basin is covered under the Award of the GWDT-1980 (G-1 sub-basin). As per this award 100% water use is allowed (4964 Mm3) in this sub-basin. The sub-basin is categorized as normal in respect of annual surface and groundwater put together (5438 m3/ha and 1006 m3/capita). Pravara & Mula Sub Basins:-By an Agreement between States of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, dated 6th October 1975, the decisions arrived for use of water in Pravara & Mula Sub Basins which are on upstream of Paithan Dam is as below “Maharashtra can use for their beneficial use all waters up to Paithan Dam on the Godavari and up to Siddheshwar Dam on the Purna”. Since Mula river is a tributary of Pravara river, which is a tributary of Godavari river and joins Godavari river on upstream side of Paithan Dam, all the available water can be used in Mula & Pravara sub basins.

1.1.11 Watershed Development and Management Water conservation works when carried out on streams and on land at the watershed level are helpful for augmentation of natural GW recharge and thus in achieving more equitable distribution of water resources in the basin. Incidental soil conservation improves soil fertility and reduces rate of siltation of reservoirs located on its downstream. Due to completion of watershed development works increase in GW table on nalla banks could be up to 1.5 to 4 m in pre-monsoon and up to 7 m in post monsoon. (Source A.F.C.L. New Delhi). Augmentation of natural GW recharge helps in providing protective irrigation to cultivators practicing rain-fed agriculture. Total watershed development worthy area of Nashik Region is 7.57 lakh ha. About 22 % of watershed development work is completed in 1.70 lakh ha watershed area so far. Balance watershed development activities in the intercepted catchment area of 5.88 lakh ha are proposed to be taken on priority. Agriculture Department has also done prioritization of watersheds on the basis of erosion status, DPAP area and stage of GW development. There are 5 high priority, 10 moderate, 15 low and 71 least priority watersheds.

Almost one-third of Maharashtra faces drought-like conditions for at least once every five years on an average. GoM has recently undertaken a programme called Jalyukta Shivar in 6000 villages across the state. It consists of widening and deepening of nallas to store more water and to recharge GW table on both banks. It may not help in the case of late outbreak of monsoon, but it will ensure crop survival during the long breaks between two spells of rain fall and increase possibility of follow on crop during Rabi season.

1.1.12 Water Resources Development 1.1.12.1 Historical development of irrigation In the WGB, two major irrigation projects were constructed in the pre independence period during British regime between 1869 and 1926.

Ahmednagar district as a whole has a very less rainfall ranging from 450 mm to 550 mm in most of the talukas, but there is very good rainfall where river Pravara originates. Considering this situation, in the pre independence period, British Govt. constructed in the year 1869 a masonry weir near village Lakh across river Pravara with only LBC, to divert flow of river Pravara to provide irrigation. In the year 1893, one more weir near Ashvi with only RBC was constructed to provide irrigation. For want of adequate flow in the Pravara river during Rabi and hot weather seasons, construction of a masonry dam across Pravara river near Bhandardara village to store monsoon flow was taken up in the year 1910 and completed in 1926. Live




storage of 11,040 Mcft was used, to irrigate crops during Rabi and hot weather irrigation through PLBC and PRBC, to irrigate of about 33,000 ha land in Pravara and Mula sub basins. Block system of irrigation was subsequently introduced to promote use of water for irrigation through Sugarcane Blocks, Fruit blocks, Garden blocks and Two Seasonal blocks.

Second project consisted of construction of a masonry dam on Darna river, having live storage of 202 Mcum and Nandur Madhmeshwar pick up weir located 75 Km. downstream of Darna dam. GRBC of length 110 Km. and GLBC of length 90 km which of take from Nandur Madhmeshwar pick up weir were constructed in 1911 and 1916. GCA is 79,700 ha and ICA under both the canals is 33,170 ha. These canals supply water for irrigation and for drinking purposes to 110 villages from Nashik, Ahmednagar and Aurangabad districts. Since 2011, construction of a power house (2 x 2.45 MW) is in progress on BOT basis.

These two projects are the classic examples of Intra-basin transfer of water to achieve equitable distribution of water in the river basin, by constructing dams in high rainfall zone and conveying stored water to the drought prone area on the downstream side for irrigation.

1.1.12.2 Irrigation development after independence After independence, initially emphasis was given on construction of major dams and medium dams. Later on many minor dams were constructed to irrigate rain-fed land in the upper reaches of the sub basins, on consideration of equitable allocation of water. There is extensive surface irrigation facility (3.75 lakh ha) created with the help of 12 major, 10 medium and 953 minor/local sector projects.

1.1.12.3 Inter basin water transfer Total 65 schemes (for Upper Godavari excluding Mula and Pravara) were investigated for diversion of water of west flowing rivers from North Konkan, Nar-Par and Damanganga sub-basins to Upper Godavari basin by gravity and by lifts, with aggregate water transfer of 1623 Mm3. Out of these schemes, 19 schemes which divert water of west flowing rivers by conveying it through tunnel towards east by gravity (65.74 Mm3) are taken up on priority (ongoing).

1.1.12.4 Inter basin and Intra-basin water transfer There are schemes of 555 Mm3 import of water from west-flowing rivers and 2187Mm3 of export of water from WGB. All import schemes are within Upper Godavari sub basin (433 Mm3), Mula sub-basin (90 Mm3) and Pravara sub-basin (31 Mm3). There is an export of 11 Mm3 of water to Tapi basin for water supply to Manmad City and Railway Station and 91 Mm3 of water is proposed to be exported to Krishna Basin for water supply to Ahmednagar city and MIDC, Ahmednagar. 2028 Mm3. Water is exported to Middle Godavari sub-basin for irrigation and 57 Mm3 of water is exported to Dudhana sub-basin for Jalna City Water Supply and MIDC, Jalna Water transfer of 1064 Mm3 for various purposes is planned from high to low rainfall zone.

At present 11.05 Mm3 of water is being diverted to Tapi basin, 2067 Mm3 of water is being transferred to Middle Godavari sub-basin and 28 Mm3 of water is being transferred to Dudhana sub-basin from Upper Godavari sub basin. 36 Mm3 of water is being transferred to Ahmednagar city and MIDC, Ahmednagar in Krishna basin from Mula sub basin. 1622 Mm3 of water is planned to be diverted from west flowing rivers to Upper Godavari, Pravara and Mula sub basins. Upper Godavari and




Pravara sub basins import water about 697 Mm3 of water. Whereas all the three sub basins export 2187 Mm3 of water.

At present water of west flowing Vaitarna River stored in Upper Vaitarna dam is used to generate hydro power and further downstream to generate hydro power at Middle Vaitarna dam. Then the water is used for Bombay Metropolitan area from Lower Vaitarna dam. Possibility of diverting some water from Vaitarna reservoir backwater by gravity in Mukane dam towards east for use in WGB is under consideration.

1.1.13 Energy sources in the WGB 1.1.13.1 Hydropower development There is scope to construct reversible hydro turbines by storing and diverting water of some east flowing or west flowing rivers towards west. Water stored would be used to generate power during day time (peak demand hours) and would be pumped back during night time during off-peak hours, when surplus power is available at cheap rates. Hydropower generation is a non-consumptive use of water because water used for power generation can be used again for irrigation, domestic or industrial use. Hydroelectric projects viz. Karanjwan (3 MW), Darna (4.9 MW), Gautami (1.2 MW), Nilwande Low level (7 MW), Bhandardara1 (12 MW) and Bhandardara 2 (34 MW) are completed and their energy generation capacity is 127.5 MUs. There are 3 ongoing projects (12.3 MW) in the region and 2 projects are proposed in Mula Sub basin having installed capacity of 4.9 MW. Total energy generation is expected to increase from the present generation of 127.5 MUs to about 170 MUs up to 2030.

1.1.13.2 Thermal Power The installed capacity of Nashik Thermal Power Station was 910 MW. The present capacity is 3 x 210 = 630 MW. The existing water requirement for present viz. 630 MW is 19.824 Mm3 and reservation with WRD is 33.984 Mm3, considring reservation for proposed expansion of 660 MW. The present allocation through WRD is 39.5 Mm3. Presently NTPS lifts water through Eklahare barrange which is constructed across Godavari river. The water received at Eklahare barrange is as good as sewage water. NTPS has to treat this water before utilization. Regarding availability of Nashik Muncipal Corporation water pre-feasibility report is prepared by Mahagenco and under study considering the balance life span of unit no. 3, 4 & 5.

1.1.13.3 Other sources of energy There are 13 sugar mills with aggregate baggase co-generation capacity of 93 MW. The estimated wind power potential of the area is 2287 MW. Owing to bright sunshine and adequate sunshine hours, there is good potential for solar power generation. It is proposed to install 1 MW capacity solar projects (with 25% plf) in each watershed. There is substantial area under cultivation of rice and Cotton and waste material from such crops can be used for power generation. Three biomass power projects of 6 MW each are proposed in Aurangabad, Nashik and Ahmednagar Districts of WGB.




1.8 Central Godavari Basin (CGB)

This Basin is located between Western Godavari Basin and Eastern Godavari Basin. Extent of this basin is from Jayakwadi dam at Paithan (RL 442 m) in Aurangabad District to village Kandeli in Andhra Pradesh where Sudha river meets Godavari (RL 317 m) and also up to Nirmal town downstream of Madapur village in Andhra Pradesh where Swarna river meets Godavari (RL 300 M). Area of the sub basin is 52100 Km2. Major area of this basin is from Marathwada Region.

1.1.14 Historical Background Marathwada Region has long historical background and the area has been inhabited for more than last 2000 years. Excavations by Archaeological Department near village Ter Dist. Osmanabad date back to Satvahana period (second and third century AD). Ter was a large urban centre and a manufacturing hub of that time, with links to civilizations located far away across the oceans. Kandhar Dist. Nanded, having a fort built during Rashtrakut dynasty was an important city with status of second capital of the kingdom. Village Apegaon and Paithan in Dist. Aurangabad are known for Sant Dnyaneshwar and Sant Eknath, from the thirteenth century. Traditionally, agrarian economy based on fertile land and moderate rainfall, supported the population. In the Middle reaches of Godavari remnants of masonry tanks still survive around Daulatabad fort, earlier known as Devgiri (1187). These are extant examples of small scale water management on and around defense fortresses. More interesting, however, was the urban water supply system for Aurangabad, which was based on source of several infiltration galleries connected and then to convey the water was over long distance by means of small masonry tunnel, which still runs satisfactorily. There were 4-5 such schemes in Aurangabad city. Construction of masonry dam on the Harsul River to support Aurangabad city water supply was a good example, which used unglazed clay embedded in brick masonry and surrounded by lime and mortar workmanship. (Ref: Gazetteer of Nizams Dominium, Aurangabad District, 1884)

More recently, the area was under rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad and in 1956 it was liberated and became part of independent India. In 1960 the area became a part of the Maharashtra state. Till that time only few small WRD projects were planned and implemented during Nizam regime.

1.1.15 Geographic coverage and Demography Total Geographic Area (TGA) in CGB is 52100 Km2, covered in Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, Jalna, Parbhani, Hingoli, Nanded, Beed, Latur, Osmanabad, Buldhana and Washim districts. Land use pattern shows land under forest as 2.20 lakh ha (4 % of TGA.) and culturable area as 46.02 lakh ha (91% of TGA). Population in this basin is 146 lakhs (census 2011) and future projections in 2030 are 203 lakhs, with decadal growth as 20%. Scheduled caste population of 23.38 lakhs (12%) and Tribal population of 16.07 lakhs (8%) are noticeable in the CGB.

1.1.16 Geology and Hydrogeology Basin area is underlain by vesicular and amygdaloidal hard & compact massive basalt of Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene age (94%) and hard rock comprising Archaean Complex viz. peninsular granite complex of Archaean age (4.3%). Basalt flows are sometimes separated by red bole. The area displays step like topography on some flat topped hills with steep to moderate slope. Plateaus with moderate slopes and plains with gentle slopes are common. Bordering the Godavari River and




its main tributaries draining their sub-basins, alluvium of Recent to Sub-Recent age of varying thickness from 10 to 30 m is found to occur overlying the basalt and occupy remaining (1.70%) area of the CGB.

1.1.17 GW occurrence, movement, availability and use Occurrence and movement of GW is governed by topography, slope, lithology, weathered zone thickness, drainage pattern, land forms, land use cover and climatic parameters. In the Deccan trap, GW occurs under unconfined condition within a depth of about 30 m. It occurs under semi confined condition between 30 to 60 m depth and confined condition below the depth of 60 m (deep GW aquifers). About 87% of the basin area is recharge worthy. Optimum yield of dug wells in this basin is about 90 to 180 m3/day in winter season and ranging between 50 to 130 m3/day in summer season.

Watershed wise GW availability and its present use have been estimated by GSDA for the year 2007-08. From which it is observed that Net GW available in this basin is 6798 Mm3 out of which utilizable ground water is 4760 mm3 (70%) and present total GW use is 3637 Mm3 (76%).

Out of 279 watersheds in this basin, 190 watersheds are safe, 8 watersheds are critical, 71 watersheds are semi critical and 10 watersheds are over exploited. It means that 32% watersheds fall under critical, semi critical and over exploited category, indicating that further use should be made very cautiously to avoid over exploitation of GW in these watersheds. Hence watershed development works should be taken up on priority in these watersheds.

1.1.18 Soils, crops and Agro-industries With the analysis of rainfall observed in large number of rain gauge stations in the CGB for the last 30 years, a new isohyetal map has been developed. Average annual rainfall in the basin varies from 530 mm to 1600 mm. There are 9 Agro climatic zones in the state, but the basin falls in 3 agro climatic zones i.e. Assured rainfall zone (66%), Moderate zone (15%) and Scarcity zone (19%).

Soils are covered under three major textural classes viz. fine (36%), medium (34%) and coarse texture (30%). Majority of the soils are very gently sloping (1-3% - 51%), followed by gently sloping soils (3-5% - 28%), moderately sloping (5-15% - 20%) and steeply sloping (>15% - 1%). Soils are mainly covered in “Slight to moderately erode” (51%) category, followed by “Moderate to severely eroded” (33%) and “very severely eroded “(16%). Majority of the soils are slightly to moderately alkaline (56%), and 75% soils have Ec < 1 dSm. Land use capability classification shows 84% lands are arable lands. About 30% of the soils have depth < 25cm, 31% between 25 to 50 cm and 39% soils are deep soils.

Soils in CGB are residual soils derived from in-situ decomposition of basaltic rocks by Hydro-Thermal actions of elements. Most of the North side and South side tributaries of Godavari River originate from low rainfall hills and flow in South-east direction. In general upper portion of the sub-basins are undulating and lower portions are fairly leveled ones. As per All India Land Use Survey Organization and NBSS, soils in the basin are sensitive to erosion. Recently WCD of GoM has undertaken integrated watershed development schemes. It would conserve water to augment GW recharge, would conserve soil and help in reducing siltation of reservoirs located on their downstream to some extent.

Problem of saline and alkaline soil extends over a small area compared to total command area and the same is being sorted out by the DIRD Pune by various




methods. Therefore, water logging or salinity is not a problem in the command area of projects.

Soil is one of the most important factors for deciding type of crops grown and cropping systems. Arable lands useful for crop production are about 78% and are placed under Class-I to IV. Non arable lands (Useful for Livestock, Forestry, Recreation, Tourism and Wild life conservation etc.) extend over about 22% and occur under Class-V to VIII.

Kharif cropping (55%) has a major place in the basin in which Kharif Jawar, Bajara, Maize, Green & black Gram, Ground Nut, Sesame, Sunflower, Soya bean are the major crops. In Rabi season (28%) Rabi Jawar, Wheat, Maize, Soya bean, Gram, Safflower are the major crops. Two Seasonal crops (25%) are Tur, Cotton and pigeon pea. Perennial crops (4%) are Sugar cane, Horticulture, Vegetables etc. Hot weather crops (2%) are Vegetables, Floriculture and Fodder. Out of the total irrigated area of about 12.62 lakh ha (this is actual average irrigated area), major crops are Wheat, Rabi Jawar, Cotton, Soya bean, Vegetables, Sugarcane and Gram. Crop intensity is about 125% on an average

Most of the Sugar factories in CGB are located in Manjara basin (14Nos), in Aurangabad Dist. (12Nos) and in Terna basin (7 Nos.). Out of the existing over 200 sugar factories installed in the State, 94 are operating in the CGB and located within the Marathawada region with an aggregate installed capacity of 79,500 MT. Sugar industry is one of the biggest agro-industry here. In addition to that there are 51 Oil Mills, 9 Dal Mills, 11 Textile mills, 7 Milk processing Industries and 537 agro processing units in this basin. There is increasing trend of growing Keshar variety of Mango, Sweet lime and Grapes. Agricultural export zone for Keshar Mango is contemplated. The basin is known for Sweet lime orchards. At present aggregate storage facility (godowns) is to the tune of 69,000 MT. There are 11 cold storages in Aurangabad and Jalna cities.

1.1.19 Hydrology, Hydrometeorology, Water availability and Tribunal Award

1.1.19.1 Hydrology, Hydrometeorology, Water availability Data for 112 rain gauge stations and 8 river gauging stations in the CGB was available. Maximum rainfall of 92% is received from South-west monsoon during mid-June to end September and very meager rainfall of 6% from North-east monsoon and 2% rainfall is received after December. Average maximum rainfall in this region is 1350 mm, average minimum rainfall is 460 mm where as average rainfall is 855 mm. Maximum, minimum and average temperatures observed are 44OC, 5O C and 25OC respectively. Maximum, minimum and average humidity observed is 92%, 32% and 61% respectively. Maximum, minimum and average wind velocities measured are 17 kmph, 3 kmph and 5 kmph respectively. Maximum, minimum and average sunshine hours recorded are 8 hrs, 6 hrs and 7 hrs respectively. Annual average observed pan evaporation loss was 2169 mm.

Average surface water availability is 10,654 Mm3 and average 75 % and 50% dependable availability is 6,859 and 9,546 Mm3 respectively. (Ref: CE Water Planning letter No 1535 Dt. 30.11.2016) Net GW availability is 6,798 Mm3.




1.1.19.2 Provisions of Tribunal Award Table 1-6: Provisions of Tribunal award

Sr. No.

Sub basin Provision as per Award (Mm3)

Actual Use

/planned use

(Mm3)

Consumptive use limited to

75% Yield (Mm3)

Considering Total Use

(Mm3)

Considering Consumptive Use (Limited)

(Mm3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Manjara 623 777 594 No scope 29

2 Terna 226 342 231 No scope No scope

3 Lendi 212 284 191 No scope 21

4 Middle Godavari

1826 1468 1319 358 507

5 Manar 247 578 247 No scope No scope

6 Purna Above Siddheshwar

1148 1400 1400 No scope No scope

Purna Below Siddheshwar

190 70 66 120 124

Total Purna 1338 1470 1466 120 124

7 Dudhana 368 534 317 No scope 51

8 Kayadhu 333 248 248 85 85

9 Sudha 45 30 28 15 17

10 Swarna 11 1 1 10 10

Total 5229 5732 4642 588 844

Government of India, Ministry of Irrigation and Power constituted Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal on April 10th, 1969. Under the Inter State Water Disputes Act, 1956.All the disputes raised by the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh were referred to the tribunal for adjudication. The tribunal headed by Shri. R.S.Bachawat, investigated the matters referred to and forwarded its report to the GoI on November 27th, 1979. Following are the provisions in the Award:

‘From the water in the area of Godavari basin below Paithan dam site on the Godavari and below Siddheshwar dam site on the Purna and below Nizamsagar dam site on the Manjra and up to Pochampad dam site on the Godavari, Maharashtra can utilize water not exceeding 60 TMC for new projects including any additional use over and above the present sanctioned or cleared utilization, as the case may be.’

Following sub basins are part of above menstioned area:- 1. Middle Godavari, 2. Purna – Below Sidheshwar dam site 3. Dudhna 4. Sudha 5. Lendi 6. Manar




As per Inter-state Agreement between Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh executed on 06/10/1975 share of water for Maharashtra is as below:-

Utilisation of water in respect of sanctioned and cleared projects as on 06/10/1975 is 42 TMC

ii. Utilisation now allocated is 60 TMC (After 06/10/1975)

Total 42 + 60 = 102 TMC (2888 Mm3)

The share of each sub basin is mentioned in table 1.6 above

The Provision in GWDT award for Manjra sub-basin is as given below: ‘In the Manjra sub-basin above Nizamsagar dam site, Maharashtra can utilize waters not exceeding 22 TMC for new projects including any additional use over and above the present sanctioned or cleared utilization as the case may be.’

The total sanctioned use in Manjra sub-basin before the GWDT award i.e. before 6.10.1975 was 8.0 TMC. So the total allotted water by the Tribunal Award in Manjra sub-basin is 30 TMC (22+8) i.e. 849 Mm3.

The Manjra basin as mentioned in GWDT award covers following sub basins:

i. Manjra

ii. Terna

The state of Maharashtra can use a quantity of 0.4 TMC (11.32 Mm3) of water in Middle Godavari sub-basin for the existing, under construction and proposed projects/schemes downstream of the Pochampad Dam.

This part covers Swarna sub basin

1.1.20 Watershed Development and Management Water conservation works conserve water at local level to augment GW recharge to achieve equitable distribution of water in the sub basins and provide flexibility in water management by the farmers. Integrated approach for watershed development conserves soil to improve land productivity and bio measures help in meeting fuel and fodder needs thereby protecting the environment. Potential watershed area in CGB is 26.15 lakh ha. Watershed development work have been completed on 10.23 lakh ha (39%) so far. Since about 32% watersheds fall under semicritical to over exploited category, WCD should give priority to taking up WSD works in these watersheds and complete all balance work in all the remaining watersheds within less than next ten years.

1.1.21 Water Resources Development In the Marathwada region Water Resources Development was started after 1960. Within the Marathwada region of CGB, 2 major, 44 medium, 1366 minor projects are completed from which about 3097 Mm3 storage is created. Ongoing projects in the basin are 9 major, 8 medium, 161 minor projects and from which about 3307 Mm3 storage (including total live storage of Upper Penganga project which is to be utilize for irrigation in Marathwada as well as in Vidarbha region) will be created. Irrigation potential of completed projects is 6.58 lakh ha (including 1.83 lakh ha. I.P. of Jayakwadi project in CGB) and that of ongoing project is 4.43 lakh ha.




Substantial part of CGB is the command area of Jayakwadi project. On account of various reasons, the reservoir gets much less runoff each year than the designed runoff. Some quantity of stored water is allocated for Aurangabad city drinking water and for industrial area around the city. Their demand is constantly increasing, giving rise to Urban-Rural conflict. Water availability situation for Majalgaon dam, which is part of Jayakwadi project is also precarious. With the result much less water (compared with design water planning) is available for irrigation on Jayakwadi project in the CGB. All tributaries of Godavari flowing in CGB originate from hills which have low rainfall and same is the case for entire catchment. Available water resources are mostly tapped by means of major, medium, minor irrigation dams and many local sector dams. Even then by and large it can be said that CGB is a water-short basin.

1.1.22 Inter-Basin Water Transfer - There are schemes to import 3752 Mm3 of water and to export 1042Mm3 of water from this basin. Total import and export of water by year 2030 is expected to be 3828 Mm3 and 1107 Mm3 respectively.

There are some approved schemes for transfer of water from Krishna basin to CGB. There is possibility of lifting water from Godavari River to store it in Manar, Kundalika and Majalgaon dams for its use in the existing canal systems. There is also a possibility of lifting and conveying water from Wainganga River (from EGB) to some water-short sub basins in CGB. Where ever there is scope to take up such schemes of Inter-basin transfer of water from water-surplus sub basins to water-short sub basins, WRD should investigate and keep a shelf of such technically feasible schemes which could be taken up in hand as the need arises. From this shelf of schemes they could be ranked on the basis of relative economic viability, social acceptability and environmental sustainability and taken up for implementation in future as per need of water then and as per availability of funds.

‘In the CGB, from Terna sub basin 6.79 Mm3 of Import and 2.75 Mm3 of export is proposed to Krishna basin. 1.00 Mm3 of water is being exported to Krishna basin through Terna sub basin.

1.1.23 Energy sources in the CGB 1.1.23.1 Hydropower development Hydropower generation is a non-consumptive use of power generation. Water used for power generation is again used for irrigation, domestic or industrial use. Yeldari hydroelectric project (3x7.5 MW) is operating since 1968. Hydroelectric projects viz. Paithan (12 MW), Majalgaon (2.25 MW) are also complete. Five Small Hydro Power projects (SHP) have been proposed at Paithan LBC (3 MW), Paithan RBC (1MW), Wan (0.6 MW), Siddheshwar reservoir canal outlet (3 MW) and on Purna river downstream of Yeldari reservoir (3 MW). WRD GoM vide letter dated 15th September 2005 has authorized hydropower development through private sector participation. About 80 schemes (irrigation-cum-power outlets) may be possible in future and total installed capacity would be about 10 MW.

1.1.23.2 Thermal Power Parali thermal power station is located in CGB having capacity of 1170 MW.

Presently old unit 4 & 5 (2x210 MW) and new unit no. 6, 7 & 8 (3x250 MW) with total install capacity of 1170 MW are in operation as stated below :




Unit No. Capacity (MW)

Date of commissioning

Status

01 30 1971 Decommissioned 02 30 1971 Decommissioned 03 210 1982 Decommissioned 04 210 1984 Running 05 210 1987 Running 06 250 2006 Running 07 250 2010 Running 08 250 2016 Running

Present installed capacity : 1170 MW

The existing water requirement is 39.00 Mm3 per year and reservation with WRD is 39.50 Mm3. The water is supplied by WRD through Jaykawadi and Majalgaon Dam in Khadka barrange and Parli TPS lift this water through Khadka barrage.

Further, Mahagenco has already deposited Rs. 142 Cr. to WRD for lift irrigation scheme of Loni Sawangi. Presently scheme is under hold due to various constraint / reasons.

Mahagenco is examining the feasibility of utilization of Nanded Municipal Corporation sewage water by constructing STP plant and laying pipeline from Nanded to Parli TPS about 110 Km.

Another thermal power plant is functioning in Manar sub basin at village Kharab Khandgaon having capacity 20 MW.

Sugar factories in the sub basin are attempting self-sufficiency through captive / co-generation. Present installed capacity of co-generation by sugar factories is 87.5 MW.

1.9 Eastern Godavari Basin (EGB)

EGB occupies an area of about 78580 Sqkm area and is largest amongst the three Basins. It covers 18 sub basins and 420 watersheds. It lies at the eastern end of the GB in the Maharashtra state. River Penganga rises in the Maharashtra state. But Rivers Wardha and Wainganga rise in high rainfall zone in Madhya Pradesh and meet Godavari River. Majority of the area of EGB falls under assured rainfall zone. In the Eastern part of the basin where paddy is grown, practice of constructing ‘Malgujari Tanks’ to provide protective irrigation to paddy crop is traditionally followed during last 2 - 3 centuries.

1.1.24 Historical Background - The region is said to be named after Vidarbha as a ruling clan in the Mahabharata epic. Bhonsale dynasty of Marathas commenced in the mid eighteenth century and covered much of east-central India. Nagpur division became a part of the British Regime as Central Provinces in 1861. Present Amravati Division, formerly known as Berar, was administered by the Nizam of Hyderabad until 1853. In that year, it was brought under British Regime and then it was added to the Central Provinces in 1903. After independence in 1947, Central Provinces and Berar became the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. In 1956 Vidarbha (Present Nagpur and Amravati Regions) was transferred to the then Bombay state. After formation of Maharashtra State In 1960, Vidarbha became part of the Maharashtra state.




1.1.25 Geographic Coverage and Demography Total Geographic Area (TGA) of EGB is 78580 Sqkm. Land use pattern shows 50,982 Sqkm (61%) as cultivable area, 26,543 Sqkm (32%) as area covered by forest, 3,458 Sqkm (4%) area as barren & built up area and about 2,595 Sqkm (3%) area as water spread area. Out of 187 talukas in this region, 61 talukas (about 33%) are drought prone. Eight talukas viz. Maregaon, Ralegaon, Kelapur, Ghatanji, Gadchiroli, Armori, Chamorshi and Rajura are Tribal talukas in the EGB.

Geographically EGB lies in the northern part of Deccan Plateau. Unlike the Western Ghats, there are no major hilly areas in EGB. Satpuda Range lies in Madhya Pradesh, to the north of Vidarbha region. Melghat area of Amravati district is on southern offshoot of the Satpuda Range. Buldhana Dist. has famous Lonar Lake, created by impact of meteorite.

Population of EGB on the basis of Census 2011 is 175.90 lakhs. Projected population by 2030 is expected to be 248.61 lakhs. Density of population is 316 per Km2. Nearly 43% is urban population and about 57% is rural population. Tribal population in EGB is about 14%.

1.1.26 Geology and Hydrogeology Large basaltic rock formations of Deccan lava trap viz. vesicular basalt and fine grained basalt predominantly occur in the wastern part of EGB. Gondia district is unique in Maharashtra in the sense that entire area of the district is occupied by metamorphic rock and alluvium. In the eastern part of the EGB in Wainganga basin, there is predominance of Granite, Gneiss, Schist, sand stones and variety of metamorphic rocks. Central part of the basin is transitional. Soils in the EGB are mostly residual soils formed by in-situ decompositon of parent rock as a result of Hydro-Thermal action of elements over millions of years. Area on banks of rivers are having alluvial soils. Suitability of watersheds for doing water conservation works depends on depth of decomposed strata and on porosity and transmissivity of the underlying parent rock strata. Underground Bandharas across major rivers are effective in arresting sub surface flow which would help in maintaining GW table level till late summer.

1.1.27 Groundwater Occurrence, Movement and Use Occurrence and movement of GW is governed by topography, slope, weathered zone thickness, drainage pattern, land forms, land use cover and rainfall pattern in the basin. In EGB parent rock is basalt, granite, sedimentary and metamorphic. It responds in different degrees to the hydro-thermal action of elements. In massive and less fractured rock, GW potential is very limited. In fractured and jointed rocks where thickness of decomposed layer is more, GW potential is relatively high. By and large, GW potential is limited and exists mainly in shallow unconfined aquifers which can be tapped by dug wells. GW gets annual replenishment through precipitation, irrigation return flows, canal seepage, tank irrigation etc. Exploitation of deep aquifers is predominant to irrigate Orange orchards. In other areas it is not so prominent.

Net annual GW available in EGB is 9087 Mm3 and utilisable GW is 6360 Mm3. Existing gross GW draft for all users (domestic, industrial and irrigation) is 3537 Mm3. Future requirement as assesed for all users is 750 Mm3. So there is balance of 2073 Mm3 of GW for future use. (Ref: Report On the Dynamic Ground Water Resources Of Maharashtra 2011-12 Pg No 845)

There are 427 watersheds in this region, out of which 4 watersheds from Wardha and 1 from Bembala sub basin are over exploited. Three watersheds in Venna sub basin




are critical and 8 from Pus, Wardha, Bembala, Kolar and Bagh sub basins are semicritical. Balance 411 water shades are safe and can be used for further development. There are 93,950 wells are in existance. 1,18,340 more wells can be dug in this region.

1.1.28 Soils, crops and Agro-industries General topography of EGB is mostly plain. Soils in this region fall under three major textural classes’ i.e. deep to very deep clay-soils (Vertisol) (35%), deep loamy-soils (Inceptisol) (40%), and shallow loamy-soils (Entisol) (25%). No salt-affected or saline-areas are there in this region. pH value ranges from 7.5 to 8.5.

Soil is one of the most important factors for deciding type of crops grown and cropping systems. Arable lands those are useful for crop production are placed under Class-I to IV and the non arable lands, useful for Livestock, Forestry, Recreation, Tourism and Wild life conservation etc. occurs under Class-V to VIII. About 71% land is arable while 29% is non arable. Out of this 19.5% is already under forest cover. Paddy is the predominant crop in eastern part of the Vidarbha, in Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Bhandara and Gondia Districts Area covered by paddy is about 75% and remaining crops are Soya bean, Cotton, Wheat and vegetables. In Amravati Region, Cotton, soya bean, pulses, Wheat, Gram are the major crops. Horticultural varieties like Oranges are extensively grown in Amravati Region. Banana and Sugarcane are also grown in the vicinity of sugar factories. Cropping intensity of this area is 111%.

Out of the existing over 200 sugar factories installed in the State, total 12 factories are installed in the Vidarbha region, out of which only 6 are operative having crushing capacity as 38 MT. Apart from sugar industries, other industries like NOGA Foods Ltd, Orange Processing Center of MAIDC, Navkar Processing are orange processing industries. Purti Agrotech-Fruit and vegetable processing, Beakers Products- Fruits and tomato processing, Suruchi Masale- Spices, pickles, Waghmare Masale-Spices and Pickles are some predominant agro based industries in Vidarbha Region.

1.1.29 Hydrology, Water Availability and Provisions of Tribunal Award

1.1.29.1 Hydrology and Water Availability Data for 158 Rain gauge stations and 42 river gauging stations in the sub-basins is used to calculate the yield of this region. Maximum rainfall is received from South-west monsoon during Mid June to end September and very meager rainfall is received from North-east monsoon. Maximum rainfall in EGB is 3170 mm, minimum is 350 mm and average is 1200 mm. Maximum, and minimum temperature observed is 49.8OC in Wainganga sub basin, 4OC in Sudha-Suvarna sub basin respectively. Maximum, minimum and average humidity observed was 80%, 20% and 55% respectively. Maximum, minimum and average wind velocities measured were 22 kmph, 2.5 kmph and 5 kmph respectively. Maximum, minimum and average sunshine hours recorded were 12 hrs, 2 hrs and 8 hrs respectively. Annual average pan evaporation was 1860 mm.

Average surface water availability is 33,978 Mm3 and 75 % and 50% dependable water availability is 25937 Mm3 and 33317 Mm3 respectively. (Ref: CE Water Planning letter No 1535 Dt. 30.11.2016). Net GW availability is 7,996 Mm3

1.1.29.2 Provisions of Tribunal Award The provisions in Godawari Water ribunal of bains in Eastern Godavari region is as follows.




Penganga,Pus and Arunavati sub basins are covered under G-7. As per GWT the State of Maharashtra can use all the waters up to Lower Penganga Project site, Waghadi Project Dam site on the Waghadi river and Saikheda Dam on Khuni river. In addition the State of Maharashtra can use from the waters of the rest of the Penganga sub-basin 9 TMC for its existing, ongoing and proposed schemes/projects each of which will not exceed using annually more than 1.50 TMC individually. As per the meeting with Secretaries of Maharashtra & Andhra-Pradesh in 1999 the total water allocated is as below:

Table 1-7 : Provisions of Tribunal Award / Secretary level decision. � In Mm3 In TMC � Use up to Lower Penganga

Project 2,274.30 80.31

� Use for Lower Penganga Project.

1,063.38 37.55

� 75% dependable Yield at Waghadi Project.

138.00 4.87

� 75% dependable Yield at Saikheda Project.

� Total 3476.00 122.78

� Use of Water below LPP, Waghadi & Saikheda

255.00 9.00

Total Water Allocated for use. 3,731 131.79

Moreover, the Tribunal has awarded all waters to Maharashtra upto Lower Penganga Project.

Bembala, Wardha, Erai and Venna sub basins are covered by G-8. As per GWT the state of Madhyapradesh can use 9 TMC of water above Upper Wardha Projectand 1 Tmc in the remaining portion of sub basin.

The state of Maharashtra can use balance water up to Tulana on Wardha river and Merged & Bandara Project on tributaries of Wardha river and 26 TMC on downstream.

Thus, the total water available in the Wardha sub-basin shall be

100% Water available up to Tulana after deducting share of MP

1894 Mm3 (67 TMC)

100% Water available up to Nirguda 124 Mm3 (4.38 TMC)

100% Water available up to Bendara Proportionate share of 26 TMC of water of rest of Wardha sub-basin

573 Mm3 (20.26 TMC)

Total water available as per Tribunal 2591 Mm3 (91.66 TMC)

Andhari, Nag, Kolar, Kanhan, Pench Wainganga, Bagh, Gadhavi and part of Pranhita are covered under G-9. As per GWT the state of Madhya pradesh can use all the water up to Nandana dam on Tributary of Kanhan,Chenkatwari dam, Amla, Dokodoh, Mohagaon Integrated Projects, Sovana Nalla Project. In addition to this MP can use 14 TMC downstream of above location in Kanhan sub valley. The state of Maharashtra can get 15 TMC water as regulated flow in Kanhan sub valley.

• Thus total reservation with 75% dependability is 26.78 TMC (758 Mm3) • Rest of the water can be utilised by Maharashtra state.




• In addition Maharashtra state would get additional 15 TMC (425 Mm3) as a regulated releases from the proposed Jamghat Hydro electric project in Madhya Pradesh from Oct. to June.

• For Pench River as per agreement between MP and Maharashtra the water sharing as decided was “Out of 60 TMC of available water at 75% dependability, 35 TMC is allotted to MP and 25 TMC to Maharashtra”.

In Wainganga sub valley, the state of Madhya pradesh can use all the water up to Dhuti weir on Wainganga and up to Mahakari dam,Nahara, Son and Deo Multipurpose Projects. Also up to Karadi, Sarathi, Nahlesara, Daidbura tanks and Pujaritola pickup weir. Also MP can get 59 TMC of water downstream of above locations.

Subject to the use by the State of Madhya Pradesh as stipulated above the state of Maharashtra can use all water up to Gosekhurd on Wainganga and up to Lower Chulband, Itiadoh, Satti, Lower Tultuli, Lower Kathani, Bhimkund, Dina, Buti, Garadi, Nimbughat, Asolamendha, Ghorazari, Human and Naleshwar and Andhari Projects on tributaries of Wainganga. In addition to above Maharashtra can use 41 TMC of water below above mentioned locations. Accordingly water availability in Wainganga Basin for Maharashtra is as below.

Part of Pranhita is also covered in G-10. As per GWDT Maharashtra can use 1 TMC of water from this basin. Also it can lift 4 TMC water from proposed Ichamapalli reservoir.

Total availability of water in Wainganga basin

9226 Mm3 ( 325.8910 TMC)

Indravati sub basin is covered under G-11. The State of Maharashtra can use 34 TMC for its existing, under construction and proposed project/projects upstream of Bhopalapatnam Hydro-electric Project. Maharashtra can use an additional quantum of 7 TMC downstream of the Bhopalapatnam. As such Total water allocated from Indravati Sub basin to Maharashtra is 41 TMC (1159.50 Mm3).

1.1.30 Watershed Development and Management In all sub basins, some or all types of works are carried out as per site requirement and as per Watershed Development programme of Water Conservation Department and other Departments.

In EGB, out of 43.97 Lakh Ha area, WSD works on 12.23 Lakh Ha 28% are completed. Area tackled varies from 6% in the case of Erai Sub basin to 74% in the case of Kayadhu Sub Basin. It is seen that there is a wide gap to be fulfilled in the near future to cover remaining area under WSD works. WCD should prepare a programme of completion of all the balance work say within next ten years.

1.1.31 Water Resources Development 1.1.31.1 Historical development of irrigation Eastern Godavari Basin has a long history in traditional water management systems, which date back to more than three centuries. Small water storage structures and distribution system could be found in the eastern part of EGB where paddy is the predominant crop grown. These structures which date back to 16th and 17th century are known as ‘Malguzari tanks’. Some of the Malguzars (Landlords) used to have their own tanks for private use like irrigation, fisheries and drinking. Some such tanks




were also constructed for public usage by the beneficieries. Role of Malguzari tanks for paddy irrigation and fishery is crucial even today. They have provided a dependable irrigation network which was constructed by the Malguzars or the beneficieries by the time tested technology of earthen dams and was managed entirely by the beneficieries. In many cases, such tanks form a series of earthen dams one below the other along a stream or a river. There were more than 10,000 such tanks in this part. But many have been silted up, breached or went into disuse. It would be desirable to inspect all such tanks presently under disuse, and explore possibilities of removing encroachments on their water spread area and/or by desilting them to increase their water storage capacity.

Total number of tanks in this region which exist at present in Godavari basin is as below.

Table 1-7: Tanks in Godavari basin

District Number of tanks

1 2

Nagpur 216 Bhandara 1,462 Gondia 1,786 Chandrapur 1,729 Gadchiroli 1,669 Total 6,862 Source: www.downtoearth.org.in/.../restore-Malgujari-tanks-to-irrigate -eastern-Vidarbha-study.

Before 1950, the Malguzaars constructed, owned and maintained these water tanks, but things changed when the Malguzari/Zamindari system was abolished. State Government took ownership of these tanks and started collecting water tax on lands they irrigated. Malguzaars filed a case in the Supreme Court saying that they were the rightful owners. The Supreme Court agreed but didn’t lay down conditions as to who should maintain these tanks. More than 10000 tanks in the Vidarbha region then remained unmaintained. In 1983, an independent committee ruled that the tanks, which were of great significance for the region, should be maintained by the government. Since then these are maintained and managed by WRD/ZP.

With a view to diversifying cropping pattern in the traditional paddy growing area, some medium dams viz. Asolamenha, Ghodazari, Chorkhamara, Bodalkasa, Ramtek, Chandpur were also constructed before indipendence in the eastern Vidarbha region. Even if the cultivators did not respond favourably to crop diversification, these dams continue to provide irrigation facility to Kharif and hot weather paddy crop till today.

1.1.31.2 Irrigation Development after Independence After independence, initially emphasis was given on construction multipurpose schemes which would benefit irrigation along with Hydropower. Totaladoh dam under Pench project is one of them. Later on many Major Medium and minor dams were constructed. Bor, Pench, Bagh, Itiadoh, Dina, Nalaganga, Pus are the major projects constructed after independence. Gosikhurd, Bawanthadi, Lower Wardha, Khadakpurna, Lower Pedhi, Bembala, are some of the major projects now under construction.




1.1.31.3 Inter Basin Water Transfer In the EGB, Penganga and Wardha sub basis transfer 194.47 Mm3 of water to Tapi basin at present.

It is seen that water is surplus in Venna, Andhari, Nag, Wainganga, Bagh, Khobragadi, Pranhita and Indravati sub basins and is planned to be transferred to adjoining sub basins. Total intra basin import in this region is 1328 Mm3 and export is 1330 Mm3.

1.1.32 Power Development 1.1.32.1 Hydropower One Large Hydroelectric Project ( > 25 MW) of 160 MW capacity at Totaladoh Project is existing and eleven more with 1671 MW are proposed in future in all sub basins in EGB. Eighteen projects with 147 MW capacity are proposed for furure. One Mini (0.1 To 2 MW) hydroelectric project having capacity 1.4 MW is existing at Pench and one in Erai sub basin having 0.15 MW capacity is proposed. Five Micro Hydal projects (< 0.1 Mw) are proposed in Arunavati and 74 are planned by 2030, with total capacity 30 MW. So besides existing one of 160 MW capacity, five of 46.45 MW capacity and 107 Hydro Electric Projects with capacity of 1847 MW are proposed in EGB.

1.1.32.2 Thermal Power

In EGB, total 8 power stations having installed capacity of 8,648 MW are functioning. Chandrapur (2920 MW), Koradi (2418 MW), Khaparkheda (1,340 MW) are constructed and being maintained by MAHAGENCO and 1970 MW capacity stations are constructed and maintained by private agencies. Because of involment of private agencies, by 2030 the total installed capacity is expected to be 29,170 MW from 35 thermal plants.

Koradi Thermal Power station :

The total installed capacity of Koradi Thermal Power station is 2418 MW as stated below : -

Unit No. Capacity (MW) Date of commissioning

Status

01 120 1974 Decommissioned

02 120 1975-76 Decommissioned



05 210 1982 Decommissioned

06 210 upgrated to 238 MW

1982 Running (Under R & M)

07 210 1983 Running

08, 09, 10

3 x 660 = 1980 2015-16 Running





The total water requirement is 75 Mm3. The reservation with WRD is 30 Mm3 for Koradi and 37 Mm3 for Khaperkheda, total 6 Mm3. Mahagenco has jointly constructed sewage treatment plant of 130 MLD (i.e. 45 Mm3) at Bhandewadi, which is commissioned in the year 2016 and now 45 Mm3 STP water received from Bhandewadi. Total water requirement 75 Mm3 is metout from WRD (30 Mm3) and Bhandewadi (45 Mm3).

The maximum STP water from Bhandewadi is being used as per requirement.

Khaperkheda Thermal Power Station :

The total installed capacity of Khaperkheda Thermal Power station is 1340 MW as stated below :



Status

01 210 1989 Running 02 210 1990 Running 03 210 2000 Running 04 210 2001 Running 05 500 2012 Running


The total water requirement is 31.025 Mm3 and the reservation water with WRD is 37 Mm3. Mahagenco is trying to get coal mine water from Bhanegaon is 10 Mm3 / annum. Also Mahagenco is trying to get STP water from under construction STP plant at Bhandewadi through NMC after checking economy.

Chandrapur Thermal Power Stateion :

The total installed capacity of Chandrapur Thermal Power station is 2920 MW as stated below :



Status

01 & 02 2x210=420 1980 completed 36 years

Dicommissioned in the year 2016.

03 & 04 2x210=420 1982 Running 05 to 07 3x500=1500 2000 Running 08 & 09 2x500=1000 2016 Running


The total water requirement is 91.25 Mm3. Mahagenco has its own Erai dam with capacity of 180 Mm3 including dead storage of 20 Mm3, which is sufficient for domestic and generation use of CSTPS.




I GROUND REALITIES

Gosikhurd dam, Taluka Pauni, District Bhandara, Maharashtra




2 Geology and Hydro-Geology of Godavari basin

2.1 Geology

The Godavari Basin consists of Pre-Trappean, Deccan Trap and Post-Trapean geological formation. It covers about 69% of the Deccan Trap. Other geological formation Gondwana system, protorezoic, pre cambrian and alluvium formations occurs in North east part of the Godavari Basin. The thickness of Deccan Trap is increases towards Western part of the basin and decreases towards Eastern part of the basin at the altitude of 350 m above msl at Degaon and Karkheli in Naigan and Dharmabad taluka of Nanded district. The Deccan Trap formation are not observed in Gadhavi and Khobragadi sub basins. But they covered in small area in Pench, Pranhita, Andhari and Kanhan sub basins of the Godavari Basin. The geological formations older as well as younger than the Deccan Trap occupy North East part (Gondiya, Bhandara etc) of the Godavari basin. The succession of geological formation is given in Table 1.

Table 2.1.1: Succession of Geological Formation

Sr. No.

Geological Age.

Geological Formation.

Area Covered (Km 2)

% of Area. Lithology.

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Recent caimozoic

Alluvium Laterite

8804 473

5.77 0.31

Silt and Clay Mixed with Meager Quantity of Sand and pebbles

2

Lower Eocene to Upper Cretaceous

Deccan-Trap. 105973 69.45

Brounish to gray Dark-Grey, Fine to Medium Grained, Massive, and Sparsely to Highly Porphyritic Basalt.

3 Gondwana Kamthi

Barakar & Talchir

5341 3.50 Sands stone, lime stone and shale

4 Vindhyan protorozoic

Sandstone, shale & lime

stone 5096 3.34 Weathered, jointed

and fractured rock.

5 Pre-cambrian and metamorphic

Granite, gneiss &

schist 26901 17.63

Pink, gray color weathered granite gneiss and schist

Source : Sub basins reports of Godavari basin.

2.1.1 Alluvium

Alluvium deposits are encountered on both banks of the Godavari River and its tributaries mainly in the parts of Upper Godavari, Mula, Middle Godavari, Lendi, Dudhna, Purna, Wardha, Erai, Andhari, Venna, Kolar, Kanhan and Wainganga sub-basins and they cover about an area of 5.77%. The depth ranging from 5 to 30 m comprises yellowish, reddish and brownish clay with intercolations of gravel and kankar. Loosely cemented coarse sand and gravel derived mostly from Traps and




other geological formations form thick lower most horizons at the bottom of these alluvial pockets.

2.1.2 Deccan Trap

69% of Godavari basin consists of the Deccan Volcanic Provinces. It also comprises hard-rock formation of volcanic basalt. The multi-layered basaltic lava-flows are piled one above the other with horizontal deposition. The lava-flows are generally differentiated on the basis of ‘units’; Massive-Units (non-vesicular) and Vesicular-Units. The vesicular and non- vesicular flow- units may alternate with each other. The individual flows are generally separated by a red-bole, however at some places it is separated by green or brown-colored clay-material. The area displays step-like topography or terrace appearance of outcrops. The geomorphology of the area exhibits hills with steep-slopes, plateaus with moderate slopes and plains with gentle slopes. These geomorphologic features are observed throughout the basin. The principal slope direction is towards the South-East. Almost all the basaltic flows are flat with a gradient of about 10 to 50.

In the area covering parts of Godavari basin, the lava flows are mostly horizontal showing varying gradients. Sometimes the flow gradient varies from 1:140 to 1:325 and 1:210 to 1:1000. The joints, fissures, sheared zones and breccias occur at several places. These features impart secondary porosity to the flows. In the area covered by Godavari basin, the basaltic flows are cut by 2 to 3 sets of vertical joints. Closely spaced horizontal simulating sheeting occurs at the base of the flows and flow units. However, the joints are sub-vertical to vertical, varying in trend. Columnar/Hexagonal joints are also seen at some places. Spheroidal weathering is also observed in massive sub-unit of flows. At some places in Eastern part of the basin intertrappean and infratrappean are observed.

The area of the basin at origine of Godavari river, has a maximum altitude of 1675 m above mean sea-level (Western part of the basin) and has a minimum altitude of 350 m (Eastern part of the state boundry). The elevation difference of 1180 m is seen from West to Eastern part of Godavari basin.

Massive Basalt Unit (Non vesicular units)

The massive baslt unit occurs at the bottom side of lava-flow. The massive-basalt flow-unit constitutes around 70 to 90% of the total thickness of lava-flows. It is generally dark to dark-grey in colour or at some places it is buff-colored. The massive basalt unit is of fine-grained to medium-grained texture. Sometimes it is observed of porphyritic to ophitic texture. It is hard and compact in nature and when exposed to the surface, it shows two to three sets of joints. In some areas, it exhibits ‘columnar jointing’ structures. The jointed massive-basalt undergoes ‘spheroidal weathering’. The spheroidal masses are encrusted with spell, almost resemble as an onion.

Vesicular Basalt Unit

It is an upper-part of the lava-flow and is generally friable, reddish brown to brown; steel-grey colored. It is of abundant vesicle openings, inter connected or filled-up with secondary minerals like zeolites, calcite, green-earth and augite. The upper-surface of the vesicular-basalt is generally weathered. The thickness of this flow-unit is about 10 to 30% of the total thickness of lava-flows.




Red Bole

The red-bole bed acts as a marker-horizon and generally occurs overlying vesicular unit and underlying massive unit. Individual flows are generally separated by thin beds of red bole brick red and green bole range in thickness between 0.3 to 3 m. At some places the red bole is discontinued or at some places it is absent. They are fine grained, ferruginous and clayey in nature. It indicates presence of vesicular or zeolitic trap unit underneath.The red-bole encrusted vesicular-unit is most common.

Laterite

Lateritic capping over the basaltic flows has been observed rarely at plateau type areas in Middle Godavari, Manjra, Penganga, Bembla, Andhari, Venna, Nag, Bagh, Gadhavi and Pranhita sub-basins. They covered about 0.31% of the area of the basin. However, exact thickness and lateral extent of lateritic profile cannot be ascertained. These are formed as weathered product of basalt under tropical climate.

2.1.3 Gondwana system

The Gondwan system covers about 3.5% area of the basin. The coal bearing Gondwana sediments were deposited in the basin formed by rifting of the Gondwana protocontinent.The sediment rocks belonging to the Gondwana system can be devided in to two groups viz. the upper Gondwana and lower Gondwana. The lower Gondwana includes Talchir series barakars and kamthi series. The barakars series consist of thick succession of alternate layers of sand stones and shale with interbedded coal seams. The youngest group of rock belonging to lower Gondwana sequence is known as mangli beds. It consists of conglomerates, grits and sand stone and they are exposed in Warora tahsil of Chandrapur district. Upper Gondwana sediments include Pachmari, maleri, kota and chikli group are exposed in Sironcha tahsil of Ganchiroli district. Around bairamghat in Amravati district the pachmari group sediments are exposed, consists of sand stone, shale and clay with a plant fossils.

2.1.4 Proterozoic

It covers about 3.34% area of the basin. The Basement Gneissic Complex is overlain by proterozoic sediments. The rocks are equivalent to Cuddapa super group, exposed in small areas in southern part of Gadchiroli district. The vast area in the district of Nanded, Yavatmal, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli are occupied by the rocks of vindhyan super groups. It consists of lime stone, dolomitic lime stone, purple colored shales and feldspathic sand stone.

2.1.5 Pre-cambrian

They are mostly confined to the north-east part of the basin and it covers 17.63% of the area. Most of the rocks are older than 3.5 billians years and invariably metamorphosed. Major litho types is that of rocks belonging to the Peninsuler Basement Complex. These are mostly gneisses with enclaves of schists and amphibolites. Gneisses are occur in Nagpur, Bhandara, Gondia, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli districts. Besides this metasediments belonging to sausar series are also exposed and includes manganese bearing gondite rocks, in Nagpur and Bhandara districts. Besides this other groups of rock referred as sakoli series is exposed in Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Nagpur and Gondia districts. The iron ores series occurs in Gadchiroli. This rock consists of quartziti and banded haematite in sizeable quantity.




2.1.6 Lineaments

The lineament represents weaker zone in the earth’s crust. It may be in the form of faults, dyke and joints or fracture and hence it normally carries groundwater. Lineaments occur as straight, curvilinear, parallel or an echelon features. These are related to fracture systems, discontinuity planes, faults and shear zones in rocks. There are nearly 517 major and minor lineaments ranging from 0.75 km to 70 km in length. There are nearly 152 faults ranging from 1.5 km to 35 km in length. Dykes and veins also appear as lineaments. At places, these lineaments are found to control the courses of rivers and streams. Lineaments are most important for groundwater investigations in hard rock terrain. Wells located on or close to fracture traces, yield many times more water than wells away from them. These are more consistent in their yield when located on lineaments.

Dyke

In the area covering parts of Godavari basin, the lava pile is profusely intruded by basaltic dykes (discordant body intruded as molten magma) and doleritic dykes (coarse grained variety of basalt, present in the form of a dyke discordant igneous body). Dykes are noticed in Upper Godavari, Middle Godavari, Dudhana, Purna, Lendi and Penganga sub basins. There are nearly 301 major and minor dykes ranging from 5 to 40 km in length. The dyke rocks are dark grey, medium grained, porphyritic containing phenocrysts of plagioclase. Dykes trend in different directions varying in width from 0.5 m to 08 m and some of the dykes extend for over 30 km in length with varying dip of the dykes.. Dykes are vertical, ranging in width from less than 1 to 25 m and extending upto 15 km.

ii) Other Structures

Joints and Fractures: Columnar Joints and fractures are observed in the massive-basalt at number of locations. The pattern of these structures is horizontal, vertical, inclined or irregular. When joints and fractures are interconnected to each other, secondary-porosity is developed and movement of groundwater is facilitated. Hence, occurrence of joints and fractures is a favourable sign for groundwater potential. Columnar-jointing in basalt is also observed at a number of places.

Weathering: Depth of weathering is important from the point-of-view of groundwater occurrence. It varies widely sub-basin to sub-basin from 3 to 6 meter and at few places it has 10 meter below the ground level in Deccan Trap. In granite and other hard rock area weathering is as much as 10 to 20 meter below ground level.Outlier, inlier and pegmatitic zones, quartz veins and epidote veins are also observed in the Eastern part of Nanded and other districts in the basin.

Table 2.1.2 : Stratigraphical Succession of Geological formations

Sr. Age (Group) Geology /Lithology

Startigraphic status TGA Percent

No. formation Km 2 % 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Recent

(Quaternary) Alluvium Clay, silt, sand &

gravel, its mixture. 8661 5.77

Cainozoic Laterite (IR)

Reddish brown colored, Ferruginous laterite, as a capping in

463 0.31






No. formation Km 2 % 1 2 3 4 5 6

basalt on hills. 2

Lower Eocene to Upper Cretaceous

Deccan Trap Volcanic Lava flows (IR)

Massive, vesicular/ zeolitic, & amygdaloidal Basalt flows. 104606 69.45

Lameta Beds (SR)

3

Lower Triassic to cretaceous

Upper Gondwana

Coarse grained buff brown in colour

578 0.38

Chikaiala Formation

Ferruginous sandstone, Conglomerate, pebbly sandstone, clay & ironstone

Kota formation Sandstone, grit, clay,limestone

4

Permian (Lower Gondwana)

Kamthi series Sandstones (SR)

2448 1.63

Shale (SR) Coal (SR) Barakar series Sandstone (SR) Shale (SR) Coal (SR) 5 Upper

Carboniferous Talchir series (SR) Sandstone and Shale.

867 0.58

Proterozoic

Vindhyan Super Group

Limestone (SR) 3011 2.00 Shale (SR)

Sandstones (SR)

Pakhal Super Group

Albaka sandstone

982 0.65

Limestone, dolomite and dolomitic limestone (Mulug formation)

Pattipalli quartzite (Mulug formation)

Khairagarh Group

Basic Volcanics

708 0.47

Ortoquartzite Basic tuff/andesite,

epideorite Conglomerate

/sandstone Phyllite and pelitic

schist (Sausar Group) Granite 62 0.04 Bichua

Formation (Sausar Group)

Dolomitic marble 40 0.03

Junewani Formation (Sausar Group)

Muscovite biotite schitst, quartze biotite and granulate

16 0.01

Chorbaoli Formation (Sausar Group)

Quartzite and quartz muscovite schist 35 0.02

Mansar formation (Sausar Group)

Muscovite-biotite schist, phyllite 1058 0.70






No. formation Km 2 % 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lohangi

Formation (Sausar Group)

Calc-gneiss and pink marble 22 0.01

Sakoli Group

Cherty quartzite

1921 1.28

Meta-thyolite /tuff Mica-schist Phyllite, tuffaceous

phyllite and carbonaceous phyllite

Meta-basalt Banded iron Formation

(BIF) Hritty quartzite, meta-

arkose and conglomerate

Basic intrusive (dolerite) 54 0.04

Granite -Dongarharg Granite 4829 3.21

Abujmar (Narainpur) Group

Metabasalt,vesicular meta-andesite/intrusive (Maspur Formation)

50 0.03 Sandstone, shale and

conglomerate (Gundal Formation)

Nandgaon Group

Arkose, grit,sandstone and shale

2530 1.68 Conglomerate, rhyolitic

conglomerate Quartzite Meta rhyolite (Bijli

Rhyolite)

Bailadila Group

Banded haematite quartzite

787 0.52 Cherty silicified

dolomite Chikhali

formation (Sahyadri Group)

Compound pahoehoe

7 0.00

6

Archaean-Palaeo

Proterozoic (Precambrian)

Peninsular Basement Complex (Archaeans) (MR)

Peninsular granite, granite greisses, intrusive pink and grey granites, dole rite and quartz veins.

2923 1.94

Amgaon Gneissic Complex

Amphibolite, hornblende schist

3416 2.27 Quartzite gritty

quartzite Calc silicate rock Granite gnessess Tirodi Gneissic

Complex Granite gnessess

5588 3.71 Granulite 7

Archaean Bengpal Group Basic intrusives.metagabbro

4090 2.72






No. formation Km 2 % 1 2 3 4 5 6 Banded magnetite

quartzite Quartzite,cherty

quartzite & sericite quartzite

Meta pelites Diopside quartzite, calc

gneiss Granite gneissess Amphibolite,

hornblende schist

Eastern Ghat Super Group

Charnockitic gneiss and pyroxene granulite 877 0.58

Khondalite Total

150630 100.03

Note: There was anomaly in watershed area validated by GSDA. This anomaly was confirmed as provided by MRSAC (draft report). However, the old area is considered in this report. It is expected this anomaly will be removed at the earliest.

2.2 Hydrogeology

2.2.1 Water bearing properties

In the trappean terrain, soil cum weathered zone, fractured and jointed Trap and the vesicular and zeolitic basalt act as important water bearing horizons. Massive basalt is unjointed, unfractured and unweathered, nonporous and non permeable and generally very compact. Massive basalt as geological formation is non-porous as long it is hard and compact. It holds secondary porosity on weathering when fractured and jointed. Amygdaloidal basalts are less porous than vesicular, however on weathering, these become more porous but less permeable. This is not suitable as aquifers. Productive horizons are only if they are weathered and highly jointed/ fractured. Weathered, jointed and fractured massive basalt act as a water bearing horizon at shallow depth. Vesicular basalt are Potential aquifers in the area are when vesicles are open and interconnected and occur at shallow depth. Amygdaloidal basalts are poorly permeable to practically non-permeable allowing only seepage from them depending upon degree of filling of amygdule. They form poor aquifers. Weathered and decomposed basalt have secondary porosity and permeability due to weathering and form good aquifers. Red bole and Green bole is acting as marker horizon is impermeable and having 0.5 to 1m in thickness, comprising of ferruginous clay and inhibits movement of groundwater. Its occurrence, however, is important as it indicates the presence of vesicular basalt, a potential aquifer below it. Red boles and Green bole are often discontinuous and sometimes absent. Basaltic dykes which are highly jointed and sheeted and cutting across the drainage system, are good aquifers for storage and migration of groundwater. Weathered jointed fracture granite, sand stone, lime stone, shale, gneiss and schist act as aquifer.

Alluvium made up of Sand, Clay, Silt and Loam; has limited thickness (upto 10 m) and groundwater is found in unconfined condition. In shallow alluvium, water comes from interface of alluvium and basalt. The river alluvium is highly stable and has high water holding capacity. Alluvium forms good aquifer with high degree of porosity and permeability. Alluvium has lessed vertical and more horizontal permeability due to deposition of material in horizontal layers.




2.2.2 Groundwater occurrence and movement

The occurrence and movement of groundwater is governed by topography, slope, lithology, geological structures, fractured system, weathered zone and its thickness, drainage pattern, land forms, land use/ cover and climatic parameters. Groundwater system is actually a three dimensional flow field. Water that infiltrates at land surface moves vertically downwards to the water table to become groundwater. It then moves vertically and laterally within the groundwater system. Groundwater moves downhill in the path of least resistance due to gravity. Like surface water, groundwater flow is also downhill and perpendicular to the water table contour. In Deccan Trap basalts, aquifer system is localised and heterogeneous. Groundwater occurs under unconfined condition within a depth of 30 m. It occurs under semi confined or confined condition below the depth of 30 m. The non-recharge worthy area also termed as hilly area having slopes more than 20% do not contribute to recharge. In 6% hilly areas in the sub-basin, water table conditions are not observed. Therefore, these hilly areas are nonworthy from groundwater occurrence point of view.

Groundwater movement depends on rock, sediment properties and the groundwater flow potential. Porosity, permeability, specific yield, and specific retention are important properties of groundwater flow. Hydraulic head is the driving force that moves groundwater from the areas of higher hydraulic head to an area of lower hydraulic head. General trend of groundwater movement is towards the main drainage indicating effluent nature.

Wells located on or close to lineaments yield more water than wells away from them and have more consistent yields. Lineaments together with other features like landforms and drainage have to be considered for delineating groundwater potential areas and citing of wells e.g. intersection of lineaments and valley fills. At places, these lineaments are found to control the courses of rivers and streams. The lineaments cutting across drainage are potential water carrier dykes to be tapped by dug wells for irrigation.

Godavari basin lies in Deccan Trap groundwater province comprising hard-rock formations. Massive Trap does not possess any granular primary-porosity due to its hard, compact nature and is generally unproductive. However, the secondary-porosity is developed due to weathering, jointing and fracturing. Groundwater occurs in secondary-porosity in massive-basalt flows. The joints and fractures provide channels for the groundwater movement and space for storages. In the vesicular-flow unit, when vesicles are open and inter-connected, accumulation and movement of groundwater gets facilitated. The vesicular-basalt is highly susceptible to weathering and forms a good water-bearing formation. In sedimetry rocks sand stone, lime stone, shale, in metamorphic rocks gneiss and schist and granitic rocks groundwater occurs in weathered jointed and structure rocks. Due to more weathering and sets of jointing groundwater occurs in shallow depth.

2.2.3 Groundwater Worthy and Non-Worthy Area

Hydro-geologically, the basin has been evaluated using both remote-sensing techniques and ground-truths. The multi-disciplinary and high-technique investigation has given vital technical information on spatial-distribution of different hydro-geo-morphologic units and fracture-lineament which control the occurrence and movement of groundwater. The basin has been broadly divided into groundwater worthy and groundwater non-worthy area.




1. Groundwater Worthy-Area

Flows occurring below 600 m and 500 m RL in the basin, fall under groundwater worthy area which are occupied by plain and gently sloping terrain. As per remote-sensing data, it is Un-dissected Plateau (UDP) and Valley Fills (VF), hence it contributes to groundwater potential. Some plain area above RL 500 m is also favourable for groundwater occurrence. This area is suitable for groundwater development with appropriate groundwater structures. The groundwater worthy-area covers 87.59% (i.e. 133668 km2) of the total geographical area of the basin.

2. Groundwater Non-Worthy-Area

Flows occurring above 600 to 1100 m RL are occupied by hill- ranges. They are unclassified flows. In the west and north-west corner of basin, they fall under Highly Dissected Plateau (HDP). Hence, these flows do not contribute to groundwater potential, as it is a run-off zone. It covers about 12.40% (18921 km2) of the total geographical area of the basin and it is not suitable for groundwater development.

Groundwater Potential Zones

It is interesting to note that unlike other consolidated rocks, the Deccan-Trap basalt flows behave as a multi-layer aquifer system, somewhat similar to the sedimentary rock sequence.

Weathered vesicular-flows, weathered massive-flows, and contact between two flows under favourable hydrogeological conditions have resulted into good groundwater potential zones in the basin.

The groundwater storage is promising in lower areas of valleys and more so in the areas where tributary stream intersect. The groundwater storage is poor in the areas located in hill-slopes or along with stream-divides. The streams generally flow along weak planes such as lineaments, faults, joints and fissures and such locations are good for groundwater storage and its movement.

Lineaments, faults and shear-zones are promising locations for occurrence of groundwater. The pattern and intensity of fracture determine whether the groundwater occurs under unconfined conditions or under confined conditions. When fractures are vertical; unconfined condition is likely to exist, but if the fractures are inclined with little inter-connections between them, then confined condition is likely to prevail in individual inclined joints. The groundwater worthy area (i.e.133668 km2) is further sub-divided into -three groundwater potential zones based upon hydro-geological conditions of the area and yield from the wells. These zones are i) Moderate to good potential zone ii) Poor to Moderate Potential Zone and iii) Poor Potential Zone.

2.2.4 Aquifer Geometry and Aquifer Systems

As stated earlier, Godavari basin is a part of Deccan-Trap groundwater province in basaltic lava-flows where the aquifers are mostly inconsistent with complex hydrogeological system. Groundwater occurs under unconfined, semi-confined and confined aquifer conditions. In local shallow alluvium, groundwater occurs under unconfined condition.




i) Unconfined Aquifer

This category extends upto a depth of 15 m to 25 m mostly in dug well and varies in thickness from 2 m to 10 m. It occupies plain areas and shows signs of weathering, jointing and fracturing of basalt flows and other rock types. The groundwater potential in this gradually sloping terrain mostly gets concentrated towards its valley. The specific yield ranges from 1.2% to 2.8%. Yield from this aquifer varies from 50m3/day to 144m3/day in winter and 18 m3 to 50 m3 / day in summer.

ii) Semi-Confined Aquifer

This category comprises of deeper dug-wells and dug-cum-bore-wells and shallow bore- wells. These aquifers are found to have connectivity with water-table aquifer and occur between the depths varying from 25 m to 50 m. The piezometric-head in the wells / tapping these aquifers is generally much above the water-level in the nearby wells which tap the unconfined aquifers. Yield from semi-confined aquifer ranges from 36m3/day to 126m3/day in winter and 18 m3 to 72 m3 / day in summer.

iii) Confined Aquifer

This aquifer is tapped at depths below 50 to 80 m and more mostly through shallow and deep bore wells. The recharge to this aquifer is through major shear-zones, fracture zones, intersecting several flows or in a few cases through exposed-portion of the formation in the recharge area. Yield from confined aquifer ranges from 30m3/day to 120m3/day in winter and 09 m3 to 61 m3 / day in summer.

iv) Multi layered aquifer system

Exploratory bore wells are drilled by Central Groundwater Board and drinking water bore wells are drilled by Groundwater Survey and Development Agency, Maharashtra in Deccan Trap area in Latur and Osmanabad districts. In deep bore wells deeper aquifer is encountered a depth of 60 to 100 meters. On the basis of lithologs of bore wells it is observed that the flow units consists of vesicular and non-vesicular. The vesicular unit is a pervious and act as an aquifer where as the non-vesicular unit (hard compac massive trap) is impervious act as non aquifer. The alternate layers of pervious and impervious at deeper level, the bore well when drilled under this geological condition, water may encountered in pervious zone (aquifer). According to some Geologists the groundwater occurs at greater depth upto 150 meters due to joint weathered zones, master joints and their network of jointing and fracturing in deep seated rocks. Water percolate in to the cracks exposed at the surface seeps to the depth of 150 meter through joint and accumulate therein. It is the water that deep drills holes up.

2.2.5 Aquifer Parameters

Hydrologic properties of basaltic-flows vary widely due to their physical properties such as their size and distribution of vesicles, joints, fractures, hardness and degree of weathering. GSDA has conducted 7000 aquifer performance tests on dug-wells piercing the Deccan-Trap, granite, vindhyan, Cudapah and Gondwana formations. The aquifer parameter values of weathered basalt and vesicular /amygdaloidal basalt-units granite, gneiss and schist are given in table 4. The parameters of aquifers and the yield characteristics of wells are assessed by means of various aquifer performance tests in hydro geological surveys. The principle objective is to determine quantum of groundwater that can be safely withdrawn perennially from the aquifer.




2.2.6 Groundwater recharge and discharge

Out of the total geographic area of 1,52,589 sq.km. of the Godavari basin, the groundwater recharge worthy are is 1,33,668 sq.km. (88% of the basin area). The major contribution to the groundwater recharge takes place from direct precipitation. Percolation from surface water bodies, influent seepage from streams, return flow from surface water and groundwater irrigation are the indirect agents of groundwater recharge. The soil conservation and water spreading techniques will have the necessary impact on the groundwater recharge. The recharge to groundwater body is affected by a) heavy concentration of rainfall in short period of time, b) Thin soil cover and poor permeability of the formation and c) Steep topographic gradient and vegetation cover.

Discharge of groundwater takes place through extraction of water from irrigation, domestic and other wells, effluent seepage from the major rivers, natural spring and evapotranspiration. The streams are effluent near their origin and further away down side they become influent.

As per the groundwater assessment (GEC 97) 2011-12, the recharge components for Godavari basin are rainfall 61.15%, canal seepage 6.69%, return flow from surface irrigation 12.55%, return flow from GW irrigation 12.58%, tank & ponds 1.33% and water conservation structures 5.70%. The recharge from surface and GW irrigation accounts for 25% of the total recharge.

Fig: 1: Groundwater Recharge Components

While the micro-irrigation is being advocated strongly for increasing the productivity and irrigation potential, this recharge component will get reduced. Further the state has decided to stop construction of canals to restrict indiscriminate use of water for cash crops like sugarcane and banana, and to increase the State’s irrigation potential. The State’s nearly one-lakh kilometres canal network in Godavari basin is now likely to be converted into a pipeline to aid irrigation, save water, and encourage farmers to adopt drip irrigation. This will further reduce the groundwater recharge component from canal seepage. Therefore the thrust will have to be given to




complete watershed development. Watershed development program is completed in 30% of the area of the basin. It needs to be given priority to compensate total recharge from canal, surface and groundwater irrigation (35%) which is due to for conversion into micro irrigation and pipe distribution system.

2.2.7 Yield of dug wells and bore wells

The yield is the function of permeability and thickness of aquifer. Dug wells are used both for domestic and irrigation purposes and rarely for industrial use. Yield of the groundwater structures varies depending upon the geological formations, their location with respect to geomorphology, diameter, depth etc. In basaltic area, generally the vesicular part of the flow, if saturated gives better yield. Thus the yield depends upon the acquifer geometry of vesicular basalt encountered in the well. Occasionally fractured zones are also encountered which gives relatively better yield. The dug wells located in the topographic lows and morphological depression, yield comparatively more water.

The unconfined aquifer is being developed by large diameter dug wells (1.5 to 15 m in dia and 4 to 30 m deep), dug-cum bore wells (up to 60 m deep) with high capacity centrifugal pumps (5-10HP). The inventory of bore wells shows the depth of casing provided was from 3 to 22m below ground level for depth of bore wells ranging between 25 to 90m below ground level.

Average optimum yield of dug wells in Trap ranged between 0.42 m3/hr and 384m3/hr and alluvium ranged from 1.26 to 300m3/day. The data showed wide variation in yield of bore wells between 0.5 to 43.08m3/day in Deccan Trap and 28.80 to 54.03m3/day in Gondwanas. The yield of the dug wells in granitic terrain ranges from 36 to 90 M3 / per day in pre monsoon. The yield of the shallow tube wells ranges from 120 to 150 m3/day.

INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR GODAVARI BASIN IN M AHARASHTRA VOLUME I: INTEGRATED PLAN



Table 2.2.1 : Geological formations, its parameters and well characteristics Godavari basin

Sr. Geological TGA Percent Storativity Transmissivity Porosity Permeability Specific yield Specific capacity No. km 2 % (m3/day) (%) cm/hr % Lpm/m of d/d 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 Top soil

Black cotton soil

9273 6.18

18 21 0.54 10.4 Not applicable Not applicable Kankar 18 21 2 Alluvium

Gravel 0.3 0.5 50 70 20 40 200 12 35 173 616 Sand 25 50 40 300 10 35 173 616 Silt 35 54 4 40 3 19 173 616 Clay 40 70 0.4 2 0 2 173 616 3 Laterite 460 0.31 5 21 20 1475 2 3 7 1724 4 Deccan Trap

Massive basalt

100051 67.93

0.001 0.1 6 155 Nonporous Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Amygdaloidal basalts 1 4 4 62 1 30 74 Vesicular basalt 0.8 2.9 80 503 10 50 20 800 1 3 22 279 Weathered basalt 0.08 0.1 6 534 10 34 31.3 125 2 4 14 764 5 Lameta beds

Clay 550 0.37 33 60 0.4 4 0 2 24 24 Limestone 5 50 1 3 Upper Gondwana Chikaiala Formation Kota formation 6 Lower Gondwana

Kamthi sandstones 3072 2.09 1.99 99.14 11 32 8 229 1 5 10 155 Barakar sandstones 28 340 5 24 12 21 1 5 18 45 7 Talchir

Sandstone 1009 0.67 0 10 2 3 1 3 8 16 Shale 15 2 3 0.5 2 8 16 8 Proterozoic a Vindhyan Super Group

Limestone’s 3425 2.33 10 140 0 20 62 147 1 3 10 120 Shale 5 90 8 29 2 3 1 2 20 29

Phyllite 8 50 0.5 1.8 0.35 1.3 5 40 b Rest of the series 12749 8.79

9 Archaean -Palaeo Proterozoic (Precambrian) a Peninsular Basement Complex (Archaean)

Gneisses 3011 2.25

0.22 56 0.5 1.5 15 0.1 2 13 100 Quartzite 0.27 0.35 0.1 0.5 4 0.1 2 15 60




Sr. Geological TGA Percent Storativity Transmissivity Porosity Permeability Specific yield Specific capacity No. km 2 % (m3/day) (%) cm/hr % Lpm/m of d/d 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 b Amgaon Gneissic Complex 3319 2.25 c Tirodi Gneissic Complex 5516 3.75 d Bengpal Group 3998 2.71 e Eastern Ghat Super Group 856 0.58

Total 147291 Source: Integrated Water Resources Development and Management plans of Godavari sub-basins,GOMWRD-2014




Table 2.2.2: Yield of dug wells and bore wells

Sr Type of Depth range Dug Wells Borewell / No aquifer Dug well BW/TW Winter Summer Tubewell

m m m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr 1 Alluvium 8 to 30 25 to 30 0.5 to 60 0.28 to 36 2 Laterite

1.50 to

4.50 0.37 to

1.50

3 Deccan Traps Massive 7 to 10

60 to 90

0.83 to 18 0.38 to 1.5

0.7 to 2 Vesicular 4 to 22 0.83 to

28.8 0.63 to 10

Weathered 10 to 17 1.5 to 4.5

0.37 to 2.25

Jointed 5 to 12 35 to 1.04 1.46 to 10 0.7 to 19 4 Archaean 7 to 14 Upto 1.25 3.4 to 39 5 Vindhyan lime/

shale/sand stone 6 to 10 60 to 90 0.75 to 36 0.63 to 1.2 0.7 to 2

6 Talchir series Shale’s

6 to 10 60 to 90

1.45 to 1.87

6.25 to 7.77 Sandstones 2.08 to

4.16

7 Gondwana Barakar sandstone 8 to 30 25 to 150 3.3 to15 0.75-2.25 28 -54 Kamthi sandstone 20 to 30 25 to 30 11.11 0.75-2.25 40 -135 8 Pakhal 12 to 20 55 to 75 Upto 1.04 Upto 0.54 1 to 19 9 Granitic Gneisses 6 to 18 50 to 70 0.71 to 6.0 0.38 to 3 1 to 33 10 Meta Rhyolites 4 to 21 0.75 to 3 Upto 0.75 0.5 to 7.7 11 Andesites &

Quartzites 6 to 20

0.38 to 3 Upto 0.38 0.5 to 7.7

Source: Integrated Water Resources Development and Management plans of Godavari sub-basins, GoM WRD-2014.

2.3 Conclusions and Recommendations 1. For undertaking groundwater development programs, it is recommended to demarcate watershed zones i.e. run off, recharge, and storage zones in elementary watersheds. 2. Water literacy campaign among Stakeholders is to be undertaken on large scale. 3. Water Conservation Structures to be constructed at feasible sites to increase in groundwater potential. 4. It is recommended to identify the structurally weaker and good weathered zone pockets including demarcation of vesicular weathered unit. 5. It is recommended to undertake large no of artificial recharge projects depending upon the feasibility. Attempts may be made to create artificial network of joints and fractures wherever necessary and where the post monsoon water levels are below 3m below ground level. Create awareness about various provisions of Maharashtra Groundwater Act-2009 amongst all the Stakeholders

References Introduction to Geology of India: M.S. Krishnan, 1958. Dr. K.L. Rao 1979 Indias water wealth and its assessment uses and projections.




K.S. Namjoshi, Dr. S.M. Masoom, 12 & 13 June 1984, Conference on development of groundwater resources in Maharashtra, Bombay - Structural control on groundwater with special references to dyke. Geology of India Wadia 1986. Dr. Masoom S.M., 1990 Hydro-geological Investigations in parts of Nanded District, (M.S), Ph.D. Thesis. Dr. S.M. Masoom, Dr. Prof. A. Suryaprakasa Rao, March 1990, Groundwater potential of Deccanp Trap in parts of Nanded district, in Annual convention on management of water resources to eradicate floods and droughts in Rayalseema and other semi arid tracks at Tirupati. Dist Resource Maps, GSI, Database-1994. Ayyangar R.S. 1998 RS & GIS for identification of sustainable resources. Raju K.C.B., 1998, Important of recharge depleted aquifer state of artificial recharge Maharashtra water and irrigation commision report (MWIC) 1999. Muley R.B., 2000, Influence of geology in development of watersheds in Deccan Trap area. Ph.D. Thesis Dr. Karmarkar B.M., et.al. 2000, Dependence of success of recharge measures on geological conditions. Seminar valume of proceeding of regional groundwater management. Master plan for artificial recharge to groundwater in Maharashtra, CGWB 2000. Gupte R.B. et.al. 2000, Groundwater in Deccap Trap rock annual convention of AHI Vishakhapattanam Sarbhukan M.M.Year 2001, Water Resources Planning for Sustainable Development in Maharashtra. Aquifer Performance Test data from GSDA Pune, 1979 and CGWB Nagpur, Year 2007. District-wise Ground Water Information, CGWB (CR), Year 2007. Report on Dynamic Groundwater Resources of Maharashtra, GSDA, Pune (M S) 2007-08 & 2011-12 Geological Survey of India District Resource Maps. Radha Krishnan B.P. 2009 - Water Wisdom will keep Even Dawn on us.




Geological map of




3 Soils The soil is an important factor in overall agriculture sector of the basin. The ability of land to produce crops is limited and these limits of production are set by climate and soil conditions. The soil conditions mainly include its use and management practices applied to land. Soil even if, small factor but is most vital and precious natural resource in crop production. Its careful assessment and judicious management largely determines quality and agricultural productivity of water resources.

The basic information on soils, their extent, classification, problems and potentials is derived by referring detailed soil survey reports of watersheds in Godavari basin. The soil series, depth, taxonomy, texture, erosion, drainage, capability classification, irrigability etc of soils in Godavari basin is described in this chapter.

3.1 Soil Color Based Soil Series

The soil series occurred in Godavari basin is of varied types. It includes black soil series to gray pinkish soil series, as per the chemical inherent content of parent material of soil. The geographical area of the basin is 152.59Lakh ha. However for hydrological calculations it is considered 150.600 lakh ha. Out of 152.59lakh ha area of the basin 54.51 lakh ha (35.72%) comprises of black soil series followed by 38.50 lakh ha (25.24%) yellowish to reddish soil series, 28.42 lakh ha (18.63%) lateritic soils, 17.37 lakh ha (11.39%) area of alluvial soil series. Only 11.66 lakh ha area (7.64%) comprises of gray or pinkish soil series. This shows that about 47% area of Godavari basin is of black and alluvial type of soils. The area under water and habitation mask is 2.12 lakh ha (1.39%).

The area under different soil color series seen in the basin is presented below.

Table 3-1: Soil Series

Sr No Name of Soil -Series Area of 12 Sub -Basins (Lakh

ha)

% Area of Total Basin derived on Prorata Basis

(Lakh Ha)*

1 2 3 4 5 1 Black soils 8.82 35.72 54.51 2 Alluvial soils 2.81 11.39 17.37 3 Lateritic soils 4.60 18.63 28.42 4 Yellowish brown to reddish

soils 6.23 25.24 38.50

5 Gray, pinkish soil 1.88 7.64 11.66 6 Area under Water 0.33 1.37 2.10 7 Habitation mask 0.004 0.02 0.02

Total 24.71 152.59 *Considered total geographical area of the Godavari Basin.

The sub-basin (12 sub-basins) wise area under different soil series is presented in Annexure No. 3.1

The map of Godavari Basin showing different soil colors is presented below.




Figure 6: Soils of Godavari Basin

1




3.2 Soil Depth

The following table reveals that about 55.28% soils of Godavari basin are of moderately deep to very deep category. It is a positive indication of presence of fertile and productive soils in the basin. The data shows that out of total 152.59 lakh area of the basin 11.56 lakh ha (8.80%) area has very deep soils whereas 38.23 lakh ha (29.13%) and 22.78 lakh ha (17.35%) area have deep and moderately deep soils respectively. The proportion of shallow soils in the basin is 58.68 lakh ha (44.71%) which further can be divided into three categories. Total 33.76 lakh ha (25.72%) area is of shallow soils followed by 19.29 lakh ha (14.70%) very shallow category and 5.63 lakh (4.29%) falls under extremely shallow soil category. These shallow soils comparatively are poor fertile and productive in nature and need extra efforts for converting into more productive. The deep and moderate soils have better water holding capacity than the shallow soils. The shallow soils which normally are sloppy are difficult to bring under irrigation.

Table 3-2: Soil Depth Class

Sr. No Soil Depth Class. Area of Total Basin (Lakh ha)

%

1 2 3 4 1 Very Deep 11.56 8.80 2 Deep 38.23 29.13 3 Moderately Deep 22.78 17.35 4 Shallow 33.76 25.72 5 Very Shallow 19.29 14.70 6 Ext. Shallow 5.63 4.29

Total 152.59




Figure 3-1: Percentage area under different Soil depth classes

The sub-basin wise (30 sub-basins) area under different soil depth is presented in Annexure No. 3.2

3.3 Soil Taxonomy Classification

The soils in the Godavari basin are of Entisols, Inceptisols, Vertisols and Alfisols types. More than 40% area of the basin comprises of Entisols with about 48.75 lakh ha area. The data shows that out of total 108.41 lakh ha cultivable area of the basin 48.75 lakh ha (44.96%) are Entisols followed by 30.84 lakh ha (28.43%) Vertisol, 28.21 lakh ha (26.02%) Inceptisol and only 0.61 lakh ha (0.57%) are Alfisol. The vertisols are of black Cotton characteristic soils and better for irrigation. It has good water holding capacity and fertility. The details of soil groups and area under these groups is presented in following table.

Table 3-3: Soil Groups in Basin

Sr. No Soil Group Area of 7 Sub-basins (Lakh ha)

% Cultivable Area of Total Basin Derived on

Prorata Basis (Lakh Ha)* 1 2 3 4 5

1 Entisols 13.10 44.96 48.75 2 Inceptisols 7.58 26.02 28.21 3 Vertisols 8.28 28.43 30.84 4 Alfisol 0.16 0.57 0.61

Total 29.14 108.41 *Considered total cultivable area of the Godavari Basin.




Figure 3-2: Taxonomic classification of soils

The sub-basin wise (7 sub-basins) area under different soil groups is presented in Annexure No. 3.3

3.4 Soil Texture Classification

All three types of (fine, medium and coarse textured) soils are seen in Godavari basin. The percentage of fine textured soils in the basin is sizable and is 61.15% (93.30 lakh ha). It is followed by medium textured soils with 23.35% (35.63 lakh ha) area. Only 15.50% (23.66 lakh ha) area has coarse textured soils. This indicates slight threat of water logging issues, if the fine texture soils would not be used appropriately. The medium and coarse textured soils are well drained and good for cultivation. However the fine textured soils seems to be more productive due to better nutrient levels. The water holding capacity of fine and medium texture soils is better than coarse (shallow) soils.

The area covered under different soil texture in the basin is presented below.

Sr. No

Soil Textural Class Area of 25 Sub-basins (Lakh ha)

% Area of Total Basin Derived

on Prorata Basis (Lakh

Ha)* 1 2 3 4 5 1 Fine Texture 68.85 61.15 93.30 2 Medium Texture 26.28 23.35 35.63 3 Coarse Texture 17.45 15.50 23.66 Total 112.59 152.59

*Considered total geographical area of the Godavari Basin.




Figure 3-3: Soil textural classification

The sub-basin wise (25 sub-basins) area under different soil texture is presented in Annexure No. 3.4

3.5 Soil Erosion Status

The data shows that maximum 64.94 lakh ha area (42.56%) of the basin is under moderate to severe category of soil erosion, followed by 61.29 lakh ha (40.17%) under slight to moderate soil erosion category, 21.78 lakh ha (14.28%) under severe to very severe category. Only 3.97 lakh ha (2.60%) area is under none to slight erosion category. All this indicates that almost all the area (97.01%) has threat of soil erosion and it needs strong efforts for soil conservation interventions. This will help to arrest the top fertile layer of the soils. Typology of ongoing Central and State sponsored Government schemes meant for soil and water conservation can be availed for prohibiting the soil erosion.

Sr. No

Soil -Erosion Class Area of 21 Sub-basins (Lakh ha)

% Area of Total Basin Derived on Prorata Basis (Lakh Ha)*

1 2 3 4 5 1 None to Slight 2.03 2.60 3.97 2 Slight to Moderate 31.36 40.17 61.29 3 Moderate to Severe 33.22 42.56 64.94 4 Severe to very severe 11.14 14.28 21.78 5 Area under Water 0.15 0.20 0.32 6 Habitation Mask 0.14 0.18 0.29 Total 78.06 152.59





Figure 3-4: Soil erosion status

The sub-basin wise (21 sub-basins) area under different soil erosion category is presented in Annexure No. 3.5

3.6 Soil Drainage Condition

Out of total 152.59 lakh ha area of the basin maximum i.e. 89.32 lakh ha (58.54%) area is well drained whereas 52.12 lakh ha (34.16%) is moderately well drained. Only 11.15 lakh ha (7.30%) area comes under excessively drained category. It means that from drainage point of view the soils in Godavari basin are positive. It won’t have any issues of water logging or problematic soils, if it is used appropriately for agriculture purpose.

Table 3-4: Soil drainage condition

Sr. No.

Drainage Class. Area of Penganga Sub-basin (Lakh ha)

% Area of Total Basin Derived on Prorata

Basis (Ha)* 1 2 3 4 5 1 Moderately well drained. 4.63 34.16 52.12 2 Well drained. 7.94 58.54 89.32 3 Excessively drained. 0.99 7.30 11.15

Total. 13.57 152.59 *Considered total geographical area of the Godavari Basin.




Figure 3-5: Drainage condition in Penganga sub basin

The sub-basin wise (1 sub-basins) area under different drainage condition category is presented in Annexure No. 3.6

3.7 Land Capability Classification

In Godavari basin total 70.81 lakh ha (54.62%) area comes in land capability class of I to III. It means this sizable area is suitable for growing any type of agronomic or commercial crops. About 30.56 lakh ha (23.59%) area is under capability class IV indicating that it is fine for orchard crops. So this means, there is much scope for bringing this area under more productive crops. The area under class VI to VIII seems to be substantial with 19.71 lakh (15.21%) ha. This area can support to enhance greenery or vegetative cover of the basin, especially tree cover by growing fodder, fuel and timber tree species.

The capability class I and II land are of better soil depth and hence good for cultivation of any type of crops. These lands have good irrigability and can produce better yield on providing protective irrigation/s to the crops

The land capability class wise area and its percentage in Godavari basin is presented in following table.

Table 3-5: Land Capability Class

Sr. No Land Capability Class/Sub-Class

Area of All 30 Sub-basins (Lakh ha)

%

1 2 3 4 1 I 2.05 1.57 2 II 44.78 34.55 3 III 23.98 18.50 4 IV 30.56 23.59 5 V 8.52 6.58 6 VI 9.45 7.30 7 VII 7.02 5.41




Sr. No Land Capability Class/Sub-Class

Area of All 30 Sub-basins (Lakh ha)

%

1 2 3 4 8 VIII 3.24 2.50 9 Other Land 22.99 Total 152.59


Figure 3-6: Land capability classification

Figure 3-7: Arable and Non-arable land distribution

The sub-basin wise (All 30 sub-basins) area under different Land Capability Classes is presented in Annexure No. 3.7




3.8 Soil Irrigability

Out of total 108.41 lakh ha cultivable land of Godavari basin 77.37 lakh ha (71.36%) area have few to severe limitation on its use under irrigation. Whereas 11.65 lakh ha (10.74%) area is comparatively suitable for irrigation. About 4.49 lakh ha (4.14%) and 14.79 lakh ha (13.64%) area of the basin is under temporary or not suitable for irrigation. All this shows that more than 80% area needs some interventions to streamline irrigation potential smoothly whereas 4% area needs intensive inputs for making this area more comfortable for irrigation.

The detail about irrigability status of the basin is presented in following table.

Table 3-6: Irrigability classes

Sr. No.

Irrigability class Area of 27 Sub-basins (Lakh ha)

% Area of Total Basin Derived

on Prorata Basis (Lakh

Ha)* 1 2 3 4 5 1 Few limitation for sustained use

under Irrigation 14.23 14.21 15.41

2 Moderate limitation 35.02 34.99 37.93 3 Severe limitation 22.18 22.16 24.03 4 Marginal for sustained use under

irrigation 10.75 10.74 11.65

5 Temporality classed as not suitable for sustained use under irrigation

4.15 4.14 4.49

6 Not suitable for sustained use under irrigation

13.66 13.64 14.79

7 Deficient topography 0.01 0.01 0.02 8 Rocky 0.04 0.03 0.09 Total 100.08 108.41

*Considered total cultivable area of the Godavari Basin.




Figure 3-8: Soil irrigability condition

The sub-basin wise (27 sub-basins) area under different Irrigability Classes is presented in Annexure No. 3.8

3.9 Land Slope

The collected data shows that 78.08 lakh ha (51.17%) area is nearly level to gently sloping with 0 to 3% slope. About 47.05 lakh ha (30.83%) and 25.59 lakh ha (16.77%) area have gentle (with 3 to 5% slope) and moderate slope (with 5 to 15% slope) respectively. Only 1.87 lakh ha (1.23%) has more than 15% slope. All this indicates that about 98% land (except 1.23% moderately steeply sloping to very steeply sloping) needs interventions like compartment bunding, graded bunding, terracing etc for minimizing its slope and use it for agriculture purpose. Part of this land also needs interventions like continuous contour trenches (CCT), water absorption trenches (WAT) etc before carrying it for tree plantation.

The detail of slope category of the basin area is presented in following table.

Table 3-7: Slope Classes

Sr No

Nature of Slope % Slope Area of 24 Sub-basins (Lakh ha)

% Area of Total Basin Derived on Prorata Basis (Lakh Ha)*

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Nearly level to very gently

sloping 0 to 3% 44.48 51.17 78.08

2 Gently sloping 3 to 5% 26.80 30.83 47.05

3 Moderately sloping 5 to 15%

14.57 16.77 25.59

4 Moderately steeply sloping to very steeply sloping

>15% 1.07 1.23 1.87

Total 86.93 152.59





Figure 3-9: % Area under different slope categories

The sub-basin wise (24 sub-basins) area under different slope category is presented in Annexure No. 3.9

3.10 Soil Type and Suitability for Crops:

The basin at gross level possess very deep, moderately deep, shallow, non-arable shallow and non-arable very shallow types of soils. Of these soils very deep soils are suitable for long and short duration- Kharip and Rabbi crops like Cotton, Sorghum, Tur Soyabean, Wheat, Gram, Chilli, Banana, Sugarcane, vegetables etc. whereas moderately deep soils are also suitable for Kharif crops under rainfed situation viz Soyabean, Sorghum, mung, Udid, Rabi Jawar etc. These soils are also fine for long duration Rabi crops but it will need irrigation facility. The shallow soils are suitable for only short duration Kharif crops like mung, Udid, Soyabean, Bajra, Sunflower etc under rain fed conditions. The non-areable shallow and very shallow soils are suitable for horti-pasture and horti-forestry usage.

The crops suitable for sample sub-basins that represent the regions are presented below.

Table 3-8: Suitable Crops

Sub-basin/Region

Soil Type Crops Suitable

1 2 3 Sub-basin Pus and Arunavati representing Vidarbha

Very deep. Suitable for all crops- long and short duration- Kharif and Rabi. Cotton, Sorghum, Tur, Soyabean, Sunflower, Wheat and Gram.




Sub-basin/Region

Soil Type Crops Suitable

1 2 3 Moderately deep. Suitable for Kharif crops under rainfed situation like

Soybean, Sorghum, Moong, Udid etc. Long duration and Rabi crops need irrigation. Suitable for irrigated Cotton, Sugarcane and irrigated fruit crops.

Shallow. Only short duration Kharif crops, Moong, Udid, Soyabean, Bajra, Sunflower, under rain fed conditions

Non arable shallow. Horti-pasture.

Non arable very shallow

Horti-forestry.

Sub-basin Lendi and Manar representing Marathawada

Very deep. Kharif Jowar, Cotton, Chilli, Tur, Paddy, Sunflower, Rabi meal, Gram, Sugarcane, Banana Safflower, double cropping.

Moderately deep. Suitable for Tur, Cotton, Jawar, Sunflower, Wheat, Gram, leafy vegetables, Guards, Cucurbits, Safflower, fruit crops etc. Also appropriate for Sugarcane, Banana, Chiku, citrus,

Shallow. Kharif Jowar, Chilli, Sunflower, Rabi Wheat, Gram, Safflower, Rabi Jowar, Linseed, double cropping.

Non arable shallow/very shallow

Suitable for fruit crops like Ber, Pomogranate, horti-pasture etc

Non arable very shallow

Suitable for Kharif crops, Jawar, Cotton, Sunflower, Groundnut, Tur.

3.11 SWOT Analysis:

3.1.1 Strengths: About 80 % land of the basin is arable and is suitable for growing diversified crops including cereals, oil seeds, pulses, fruits, vegetables, spices, fiber crops, sugar crops, medicinal plants etc.

Soils are also suitable for fruit crops like mango, guava, Chiku and vegetables etc.

Most of the soils are well drained and the proportion of water logging area in the basin is meager.

3.1.2 Weaknesses: Soil & water-conservation measures on an integrated watershed-development basis are insufficient.

For want of integrated nutrient management, there is a progressive depletion of soil fertility.

Some poorly drained soils are prone to salt accumulation in the command area of some irrigation project in the basin.




3.1.3 Opportunities: Soil & climatic conditions in the area, provide a wide opportunity for adopting the proposed cropping-pattern to achieve the potential productivity.

The soil characteristics and climatic conditions in the Basin offer considerable scope for enhancing productivity of existing crops by adopting improved agricultural technology, and further by providing assured irrigation supplies.

Good opportunity to increase horticultural crop such as fruits, vegetables and flowers in the basin.

3.1.4 Threats: In the absence of integrated watershed development program, soil health and its productivity could get adversely affected.

If water management in irrigated area is not done appropriately, it will lead to soil salinity.

3.12 Recommendations: The soils in all the 30 sub-basins are suitable for growing all types of crops viz. cereals, pulses, oil seeds, vegetables, fruits, Cotton and Sugarcane. There could however be, bar on growing certain crops like Wheat from the view point of compatibility of the climate of the area. The crops like Sugarcane, bananas etc. are not to be promoted in water short basins. Climate may not allow horticultural crops like grapes, pomegranate etc. in the Eastern most part of the Godavari basin. Graded or contour bunding, providing surface drainage system to improve internal drainage are recommended for very deep to deep soils on alluvial planes/ valley. Alternatively massive use of micro-irrigation systems and nurturing high yielding varieties of seasonal crops may be thought of, to obviate the recurring problems of internal drainage of deep soils. Contour trenching, stone bunds across the slope and other watershed based land treatments are recommended for shallow to very shallow clay loam to coarse texture soils on foothill slopes and undulating plateau. The effective implementation of soil and water conservation programmes improves the land capability and also irrigation efficiency. Sound water management practices such as micro-irrigation systems (Sprinkler, drip or underground irrigation etc) needs to be adopted to enhance productivity of land and water




3.13 Annexures

3.1.5 Annexure 3.1 Table 3-9: Sub-Basin (12 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Series Category

Sr. No.

Sub Basin/Soil

Series

Black soils Alluvial soils Lateritic soils Yellowish brown to

reddish soils

Gray, pinkish soil

Area under Water

Habitation mask

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Venna

459,151.00

70,111.00

1,230.00

19,285.00

-

17,600.00 - 567,377.00

2 Nag 70,823.00

14,462.00

3,472.00

2,856.00

-

1,487.00

- 93,100.00

3 Kolar 64,742.00

20,029.00

741.00

12,748.00

-

1,340.00

- 99,600.00

4 Kanhan 105,427.00

34,724.00

2,282.00

3,177.00

-

3,190.00

- 148,800.00

5 Pench 33,785.00

12,290.00

1,429.00

8,235.00

-

1,961.00

- 57,700.00

6 Bagh 32,326.00

39,244.00

49,030.00

69,593.00

-

7,510.00

- 197,703.00

7 Gadhavi 24,162.00

33,749.00

44,115.00

53,858.00

-

-

- 155,884.00

8 Khobragadi 21,946.00

7,681.00

25,604.00

80,469.00

47,184.00

-

- 182,884.00

9 Pranhita 31,996.00

18,309.00

85,324.00

163,537.00

56,349.00

-

- 355,515.00

10 Indravati 27,580.00

22,172.00

227,130.00

178,459.00

85,444.00

-

- 540,785.00

11 Sudha 8,459.90

5,838.40

15,780.80

24,012.30

-

706.00

402.00 55,199.40

12 Swarna 2,543.40

2,871.60

4,271.00

7,590.50

-

93.40

30.10 17,400.00

Total 882,941.30 281,481.00 460,408.80 623,819.80 188,977.00 33,887.40 432.10 2,471,947.40




3.1.6 Annexure 3.2 Table 3-10: Sub-Basin Wise (30 Sub-Basins) Area under Different Soil Depth Category

Sr. No.

Soil Depth Class.

Very Deep Deep Moderately Deep

Shallow Very Shallow

Ext. Shallow Other Use

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Penganga 423,613 130,547 226,100 511,778 65,630 0 1,357,668 2 Pus 44,587 0 27,346 78,467 40,764 0 191,164 3 Arunavati 162532 74,017 89,149 7,800 65,144 0 398,642 4 Wardha 0 318530 193393 227521 352658 56880 1,148,982 5 Venna 48259 133000 112600 139718 116200 0 549,777 6 Nag 76399 2504 5905 7353 939 0 93,100 7 Kolar 74265 4878 5368 13349 1740 0 99,600 8 Kanhan 116691 4882 16872 9190 1165 0 148,800 9 Pench 46649 1203 2537 6475 836 0 57,700 10 Wainganga 0 642535.36 293331.36 460949 0 0 1,396,816 11 Bagh 854 85523 71121 17579 15116 0 190,193 12 Gadhvi 20655 67420 49259 10600 7950 0 155,884 13 Khobragadi 0 44898 62180 54866 20940 0 182,884 14 Pranhita 0 31996 174202 113766 35551 0 355,515 15 Indravati 0 73547 154394 250924 61920 0 540,785 16 Bembala 0 81743 49836 58417 90943 13948 294,887 17 Erai 0 99759 12590 6677 11437 3580 134,043 18 Andhari 0 217437 61342 43595 45216 18210 385,800 19 Upper

Godavari 0 436,250 196,161 384,866 545,670 85336 1,648,283

20 Mula 0 136438.18 87088.2 52252.92 0 14514.7 290,294 21 Pravara 122737.3 150791.54 35067.8 0 38574.58 347,171 22 Manjara 0 196419.58 104478.5 66866.24 0 50149.68 417,914 23 Terna 0 85317 26089 178742 0 0 290,148 24 Lendi 0 45306 7857 83183 0 0 136,346 25 Manar 0 65704 23032 116635 0 0 205,371 26 Dudhana 0 240589 37094 102671 159163 22458 561,975 27 Purna 0 446082 72618 186732 290472 41496 1,037,400 28 Kayadhu 18,046 99,818 100120 0 217,984 435,968 29 Sudha 0 5087.8 15303.7 34808.5 0 0 55,200 30 Swarna 0 1324.2 739.3 15336.5 0 0 17,400 2133090 2,133,090 Total 1,155,287 3,823,729 2,277,804 3,376,305 1,929,454 563,131 15,258,800




3.1.7 Annexure 3.3 Table 3-11: Sub-Basin (7 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Groups Category

Sr. No Sub Basin/Soil Group Entisols Inceptisols Vertisols Alfisol Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Penganga 577,408.00 339,622.00 440,638.00 - 1,357,668.00 2 Pus 119,225.00 27,346.00 44,587.00 - 191,158.00 3 Arunavati 143,145.00 163,166.00 162,532.00 - 468,843.00 4 Pravara 58,400.00 89,400.00 41,100.00 - 188,900.00 5 Terana 126,626.00 78,205.00 85,317.00 - 290,148.00 6 Manar 68,031.00 60,325.00 54,541.00 16,691.00 199,588.00 7 Kayadhu 217,984.00 - - - 217,984.00 Total 1,310,819.00 758,064.00 828,715.00 16,691.00 2,914,289.00




3.1.8 Annexure 3.4 Table 3-12: Sub-Basin (25 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Texture

Sr. No Sub Basin/Soil Textural Class

Fine Texture Medium Texture Coarse Texture Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Penganga 919,956.00 372,137.00 65,575.00 1,357,668.00 2 Wardha 1,069,349.00 68,257.00 - 1,137,606.00 3 Venna 450,400.00 59,094.00 40,283.00 549,777.00 4 Nag 71,223.00 16,137.00 4,253.00 91,613.00 5 Kolar 58,064.00 25,357.00 14,839.00 98,260.00 6 Kanhan 104,831.00 29,519.00 11,260.00 145,610.00 7 Pench 27,785.00 17,248.00 10,706.00 55,739.00 8 Wainganaga 856,946.61 278,106.07 261,763.32 1,396,816.00 9 Bagh 153,548.00 35,453.00 8,702.00 1,97,703

10 Gadhvi 117,692.00 30,242.00 7,950.00 155,884.00 11 Khobragadi 100,586.00 67,667.00 14,631.00 182,884.00 12 Pranhita 191,267.00 135,807.00 28,441.00 355,515.00 13 Indravati 297,432.00 200,090.00 43,263.00 540,785.00 14 Bembala 277,843.00 17,044.00 - 294,887.00 15 Erai 100,161.00 6,369.00 27,555.00 134,085.00 16 Andhari 265,894.00 44,907.00 74,999.00 385,800.00 17 Upper Godavari 942,080.00 504,314.00 204,929.00 1,651,323.00 18 Terna 111,406.00 52,116.00 59,388.00 222,910.00 19 Lendi 53,163.00 23,795.00 126,626.00 203,584.00 20 Manar 72,045.00 53,984.00 79,642.00 205,671.00 21 Dudhana 170,286.00 312,191.00 85,143.00 567,620.00 22 Purna 446,082.00 72,618.00 518,700.00 1,037,400.00 23 Kayadhu 18,046.00 183,182.00 16,756.00 217,984.00 24 Sudha 7,392.30 16,521.20 31,286.50 55,200.00 25 Swarna 1,740.00 6,790.70 8,869.30 17,400.00

Total 6,885,217.91 2,628,945.97 1,745,560.12 11,062,021.00




3.1.9 Annexure 3.5 Table 3-13: Sub-Basin (21 Sub-Basins) Wise Area under Different Soil Erosion Category

Sr. No.

Soil-Erosion Class

None to Slight

Slight to Moderate

Moderate to Severe

Severe to very severe

Area under Water

Habitation Mask

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Penganga -

1,086,470.00

183,694.00

87,504.00

-

-

1,357,668.00

2 Wardha -

91,008.00

853,205.00

193,393.00

-

-

1,137,606.00

3 Nag 48,232.00

17,067.00

11,729.00

7,317.00

1,487.00

7,268.00

93,100.00

4 Kolar 45,842.00

26,921.00

6,278.00

17,547.00

1,340.00

1,672.00

99,600.00

5 Kanhan 93,471.00

33,222.00

10,433.00

4,194.00

3,190.00

4,290.00

148,800.00

6 Pench 15,748.00

26,397.00

10,265.00

2,137.00

1,961.00

1,192.00

57,700.00

7 Bagh -

181,234.00

8,105.00

854.00

7,510.00

-

197,703.00

8 Gadhvi -

111,457.00

31,598.00

12,829.00

-

-

155,884.00

9 Khobragadi -

73,336.00

102,781.00

6,767.00

-

-

182,884.00

10 Pranhita -

216,855.00

303,921.00

20,009.00

-

-

540,785.00

11 Venna -

190,000.00

254,600.00

94,600.00

-

-

539,200.00

12 Erai -

36,940.00

4,386.00

-

-

-

41,326.00

13 Andhari -

261,302.00

113,580.00

10,918.00

-

-

385,800.00

14 Bembala -

235,025.00

35,681.00

24,151.00

-

-

294,857.00

15 Upper Godavari

-

67,539.00

1,052,388.00

531,396.00

-

-

1,651,323.00




Sr. No.

Soil-Erosion Class

None to Slight

Slight to Moderate

Moderate to Severe

Severe to very severe

Area under Water

Habitation Mask

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

16 Terna -

163,522.00

117,742.00

8,884.00

-

-

290,148.00

17 Lendi -

76,958.00

37,565.00

21,823.00

-

-

136,346.00

18 Manar -

131,537.00

49,972.00

23,842.00

-

-

205,351.00

19 Kayadhu -

101,410.00

99,818.00

16,756.00

-

-

217,984.00

20 Sudha -

5,449.40

27,404.90

22,345.70

-

-

55,200.00

21 Swarna -

2,424.20

7,566.60

7,409.20

-

-

17,400.00

Total 203,293.00

3,136,073.60

3,322,712.50

1,114,675.90

15,488.00

14,422.00

7,806,665.00

3.1.10 Annexure 3.6

Table 3-14: Sub-basin wise (Penganga sub-basins) area under different drainage condition category

Sr. No. Drainage Class. Area.( ha) 1 2 3 1 Moderately well drained. 463,820 2 Well drained. 794,745 3 Excessively drained. 99,121 Total. 1,357,668




3.1.11 Annexure 3.7 Table 3-15: The Sub-basin Wise (all 30 sub-basins) Area under different Land Capability Classes

Sr. No

Land Capability Class/Sub-Class

Penganga Pus Arunavati Wardha Venna Nag Kolar Kanhan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-

-

74,017.00

-

10,600.00

-

-

-

1 I 554,160.00

44,587.00

162,532.00

580,179.00

283,100.00

66,514.00

51,579.00

100,306.00

2 II 226,100.00

27,346.00

89,142.00

170,641.00

44,800.00

11,578.00

21,858.00

12,850.00

3 III 144,943.00

61,309.00

78,001.00

307,154.00

24,600.00

7,371.00

11,068.00

10,937.00

4 IV 925,203.00

133,242.00

403,692.00

1,057,974.00

363,100.00

85,463.00

84,505.00

124,093.00

A Total Arable Land. 267,714.00

-

-

11,376.00

105,046.00

-

-

-

5 V 11,617.00

17,158.00

38,357.00

45,504.00

70,031.00

142.00

-

1,117.00

6 VI 87,504.00

40,758.00

26,787.00

11,376.00

2,100.00

7,293.00

14,863.00

23,241.00

7 VII 65,630.00

-

9,500.00

162.00

232.00

349.00

8 VIII 432,465.00

67,916.00

65,144.00

68,256.00

186,677.00

7,597.00

15,095.00

24,707.00

B Total Non Arable. 1,357,668.00

201,158.00

468,836.00

1,126,230.00

549,777.00

93,060.00

99,600.00

148,800.00

A+B Grand Total. 1,357,668.00

201,158.00

468,836.00

1,126,230.00

549,777.00

93,060.00

99,600.00

148,800.00

Water body -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Habitation mask -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Sr. No

Land Capability Class/Sub-Class

Pench Wainganga Bagh Gadhavi Khobragadi Pranhita Indravati Bembala

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-

-

65,835.00

52,658.00

-

995.00

-

-

1 I 33,072.00

391,108.48

54,874.00

44,427.00

36,851.00

57,238.00

33,207.00

135,884.00

2 II 5,763.00

251,426.88

30,407.00

23,772.00

46,818.00

110,210.00

94,029.00

79,678.00

3 III 3,659.00

167,617.92

23,469.00

16,804.00

31,548.00

50,021.00

197,235.00

33,853.00

4 IV 42,494.00

810,153.28

174,585.00

137,661.00

115,217.00

218,464.00

324,471.00

249,415.00

A Total Arable Land. -

41,904.53

12,481.00

11,941.00

36,668.00

85,679.00

122,315.00

-

5 V 964.00

83,808.96

1,034.00

1,995.00

21,617.00

31,107.00

61,520.00

25,242.00

6 VI 14,120.00

237,458.67

1,233.00

3,663.00

8,504.00

18,487.00

29,979.00

19,286.00

7 VII 122.00

223,490.56

860.00

624.00

878.00

1,778.00

2,500.00

973.00

8 VIII 15,206.00

586,662.72

15,608.00

18,223.00

67,667.00

137,051.00

216,314.00

45,501.00

B Total Non Arable. 57,700.00

1,396,816.00

190,193.00

155,884.00

182,884.00

355,515.00

540,785.00

294,916.00

A+B Grand Total. 57,700.00

1,396,816.00

190,193.00

155,884.00

182,884.00

355,515.00

540,785.00

294,916.00

Water body -

-

7,510.00

-

-

-

-

-

Habitation mask -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Sr. No

Land Capability Class/Sub-

Class

Erai Andhari Upper Godavari

Mula Pravara Manjara Terna Lendi

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 I

85,949.00

177,777.00

494,919.00

71,248.00

84,154.00

151,629.00

111,406.00

53,163.00 2 II

25,878.00

104,243.00

468,550.00

41,226.00

57,114.00

72,713.00

52,116.00

23,795.00 3 III

9,117.00

44,290.00

517,892.00

100,651.00

138,288.00

164,296.00

117,742.00

37,564.00 4 IV

120,944.00

326,310.00

1,481,361.00

213,125.00

279,556.00

388,638.00

281,264.00

114,522.00 A Total

Arable Land.

-

-

14,633.00

-

-

243.00

-

-

5 V 12,738.00

33,024.00

148,748.00

33,280.00

36,065.00

17,096.00

8,884.00

21,825.00

6 VI 404.00

25,231.00

4,980.00

30,454.00

35,057.00

11,776.00

-

-

7 VII -

1,273.00

1,602.00

13,435.00

-

161.00

-

-

8 VIII 13,142.00

59,528.00

169,963.00

77,169.00

71,122.00

29,276.00

8,884.00

21,825.00

B Total Non Arable.

134,086.00 385,838.00

1,651,324.00

290,294.00 350,678.00

417,914.00

290,148.00

136,347.00

A+B Grand Total.

134,086.00 385,838.00

1,651,324.00

290,294.00 350,678.00

417,914.00

290,148.00

136,347.00

Water body

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Habitation mask

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




Sr. No

Land Capability Class/Sub-

Class

Manar Dudhana Purna Kayadhu Sudha Swarna

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -

- -

- - -

1 I 72,044.00 269,527.00 238,602.00

18,046.00 18,090.24 1,940.08

2 II 59,513.00 74,738.00

155,610.00

5,986.00 6,519.59 3,603.51

3 III 49,971.00 189,941.00 414,960.00

93,832.00 5,620.00 3,081.42

4 IV 181,528.00 534,206.00 809,172.00

117,864.00 30,229.83 8,625.01

A Total Arable Land.

- 7,814.00

41,496.00

93,112.00 - -

5 V 23,843.00 19,955.00

155,610.00

7,008.00 11,078.02 5,339.52

6 VI - -

31,122.00

- 12,783.89 3,312.01

7 VII - -

-

- - -

8 VIII 23,843.00 27,769.00

228,228.00

100,120.00 23,861.91 8,651.53

B Total Non Arable.

205,372.00 561,975.00 1,037,400.00 217,984.00 54,091.74 17,276.54

A+B Grand To tal. 205,372.00 561,975.00 1,037,400.00 217,984.00 54,091.74 17,276.54 Water body -

- -

- 706.43 93.40

Habitation mask

- -

-

- 402.08 30.06




3.1.12 Annexure 3.8 Table 3-16: Sub-basin Wise (all 27 sub-basins) Area Suitable for Irrigability

The No.

Irrigability class

Few limitation for sustained

use under Irrigation

Moderate limitation

Severe limitation

Marginal for sustained use under irrigation

Temporality classed

as not suitable for sustained use under irrigation

Not suitable for

sustained use under irrigation

Deficient topograp

hy

Rocky Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1

Penganga 97,886.00

325,717.00

130,547.00

-

334,387.00

469,131.00

-

-

1,357,668.00

2

Wardha -

489,171.00

216,145.00

227,521.00

-

204,769.00

-

-

1,137,606.00

3

Venna -

238,298.00

102,128.00

113,475.00

-

95,876.00

-

-

549,777.00

4

Nag -

55,119.00

11,709.00

8,153.00

-

16,632.00

-

-

91,613.00

5

Kolar -

49,761.00

22,613.00

12,995.00

-

12,891.00

-

-

98,260.00

6

Kanhan -

94,363.00

10,566.00

13,922.00

-

26,759.00

-

-

145,610.00

7

Pench 21,544.00

-

10,693.00

7,622.00

-

15,880.00

-

-

55,739.00

8

Bagh -

77,441.00

96,861.00

9,932.00

-

5,959.00

-

-

190,193.00

9

Gadhvi -

64,879.00

67,498.00

18,753.00

-

4,754.00

-

-

155,884.00

10

Khobragadi

-

41,696.00

30,175.00

8,046.00

-

2,010.00

-

-

81,927.00

11

Pranhita -

44,439.00

31,512.00

4,977.00

-

3,022.00

-

-

83,950.00

12

Indravati -

43,263.00

16,224.00

7,030.00

-

4,314.00

-

-

70,831.00

13

Bembala 135,884.00

79,678.00

33,853.00

25,242.00

19,256.00

973.00

-

-

294,886.00

14

Erai 45,949.00

25,878.00

9,117.00

12,738.00

404.00

-

-

-

94,086.00




The No.

Irrigability class

Few limitation for sustained

use under Irrigation

Moderate limitation

Severe limitation

Marginal for sustained use under irrigation

Temporality classed

as not suitable for sustained use under irrigation

Not suitable for

sustained use under irrigation

Deficient topograp

hy

Rocky Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

15

Andhari 177,777.00

104,243.00

44,290.00

33,024.00

25,192.00

1,273.00

-

-

385,799.00

16

Upper Godavari

457,416.00

489,452.00

541,139.00

156,380.00

5,284.00

1,651.00

-

-

1,651,322.00

17

Mula -

51,382.04

218,881.68

2,612.65

-

-

-

-

272,876.36

18

Pravara -

175,339.00

136,764.42

24,547.46

14,027.12

-

-

-

350,678.00

19

Manjara 125,374.20

83,582.80

91,941.08

66,866.24

-

50,149.68

-

-

417,914.00

20

Terana 78,205.00

85,317.00

-

85,193.00

-

41,433.00

-

-

290,148.00

21

Lendi 31,652.00

45,306.00

-

21,838.00

-

37,550.00

-

-

136,346.00

22

Manar 17,503.00

65,682.00

-

48,328.00

-

73,858.00

-

-

205,371.00

23

Purna -

508,326.00

383,838.00

124,488.00

-

20,748.00

-

-

1,037,400.00

24

Kayadhu 18,046.00

99,818.00

-

-

16,756.00

83,364.00

-

-

217,984.00

25

Sudha 6,906.60

18,784.50

9,025.20

10,074.00

-

10,409.70

-

-

55,200.00

26

Swarna 1,396.40

5,882.90

2,795.30

2,405.20

-

4,920.30

-

-

17,400.10

27

Dudhana 208,139.00

139,509.00

-

29,814.00

-

178,324.00

1,688.00

4,500.00

561,974.00

Total 1,423,678.20

3,502,327.

24

2,218,315.6

8

1,075,976.5

5

415,306.12

1,366,650.6

8

1,688.00

4,500.00

10,008,442.46




3.1.13 Annexure 3.9

Table 3-17: Nature of Land slopes

Sr. No.

Sub Basin/ Nature of

Slope

Nearly level to very gently sloping

Gently sloping Moderately sloping

Moderately steeply sloping to very steeply sloping

Total Water body

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

% Slope 0 to 3% 3 to 5% 5 to 15% >15% 1 Pus

53,092.00

111,777.00

-

26,281.00

191,150.00

- 2 Arunavati

33,842.00

8,809.00

116,359.00

5,255.00

164,265.00

- 3 Wardha

273,025.00

659,811.00

147,889.00

68,256.00

1,148,981.00

- 4 Terana

163,522.00

117,742.00

8,884.00

-

290,148.00

- 5 Lendi

76,958.00

37,565.00

21,823.00

-

136,346.00

- 6 Manar

131,537.00

49,972.00

23,842.00

-

205,351.00

- 7 Dudhana

7,213.00

277,300.00

266,781.00

7,213.00

558,507.00

- 8 Purna

809,172.00

41,496.00

186,732.00

-

1,037,400.00

- 9 Venna

205,700.00

250,418.00

93,659.00

-

549,777.00

- 10 Nag

33,290.00

42,015.00

16,308.00

-

91,613.00

- 11 Kolar

43,816.00

24,508.00

29,936.00

-

98,260.00

1,340.00 12 Kanhan

61,403.00

26,836.00

57,371.00

-

145,610.00

3,190.00 13 Pench

12,243.00

19,432.00

24,064.00

-

55,739.00

1,961.00 14 Bagh

177,933.00

7,106.00

5,154.00

-

190,193.00

7,510.00




Sr. No.

Sub Basin/ Nature of

Slope

Nearly level to very gently sloping

Gently sloping Moderately sloping

Moderately steeply sloping to very steeply sloping

Total Water body

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

% Slope 0 to 3% 3 to 5% 5 to 15% >15% 15 Gadhvi

113,795.00

35,542.00

6,547.00

-

155,884.00

- 16 Khobragadi

102,049.00

55,780.00

25,055.00

-

182,884.00

- 17 Pranhita

195,533.00

106,655.00

53,327.00

-

355,515.00

- 18 Indravati

301,758.00

164,939.00

74,088.00

-

540,785.00

- 19 Bembala

263,334.00

25,154.00

6,370.00

-

294,858.00

- 20 Erai

91,768.00

42,103.00

215.00

-

134,086.00

- 21 Sudha

8,302.07

14,109.12

32,788.80

-

55,199.99

- 22 Swarnaa

3,168.53

3,761.88

10,469.58

-

17,399.99

- 23 Andhari

277,699.00

121,643.00

43,132.00

-

442,474.00

- 24 Upper

Godavari

1,008,462.00

435,949.00

206,911.00

-

1,651,322.00

- Total

4,448,614.60

2,680,423.00

1,457,705.38

107,005.00 8,693,747.98

14,001.00




4 Land use pattern 4.1 Land Use Pattern

The table given below reveals that total geographical area of Godavari basin is 152.59 lakh ha, of which maximum 90.74 lakh ha (59.50%) area is under sowing of crops whereas 11.09 lakh ha (7.26%) is fallow land. Area under pasture and trees is 3.59 lakh ha (2.36%) and 3.16 lakh ha (2.07%) respectively. The basin consists of forest area to the extent of 25.37 lakh ha (16.64%) as against expected 33% land under forest or tree cover 1. The forest cover in Marathwada is very poor which is of the order of 2.95% only. In North Maharashtra it is 8.60 %. The Vidarbha has a better forest cover and its percentage is 27.69. The basin also has 10.39 lakh ha (6.81%) uncultivable waste area and 5.08 lakh ha (3.33%) barren land which can be developed into vegetative cover by planting typology of tree species. The basin consists of about 2.29 lakh ha (1.51%) under non-agriculture use. The total cultivable land in the basin is 108.41 lakh ha.(71.05%).

The overall picture shows, that about 30% land of the basin is said to be under non-agricultural use i.e.forest, un-cultivable waste, barren and fallow land. These lands can be converted into dense tree cover which will help to enhance vegetation of the basin. Part of this land (uncultivable waste and barren) can be used for developing industries or urban habitations. The fallow area 11.19 lakh ha which is cultivable waste can be brought under crop cultivation by providing certain soil and water conservation measures.

Table 4-1: Land Use Pattern

S.N. Type of Land Use Area (Lakh ha.) % 1 2 3 4 1 Net sown area 90.74 59.50 2 Fallow area 11.09 7.26 3 Land under Pasture 3.59 2.36 4 Miscellaneous land under Trees etc. 3.16 2.07 5 Area under Forest 25.37 16.64 6 Un cultivable waste area 10.39 6.81 7 Wet Land under submergence 0.96 0.63 8 Barren Land 5.00 3.27 9 Land under Non-Agricultural Land (N.A.) 2.29 1.51 Total Geographical Area (A+B) 152.59

For hydrological calculations the geographical area of total basin is considered as 150.600 lakh ha.

The region wise land use pattern is enclosed in Annexure4.1

1It is told that area of 33% area of any state, country etc. should be under forest cover in order to maintain environmental

balance.




4.2 Sub-basin wise Area

The Godavari basin is divided into total 30 sub-basins of which Middle Godavari has highest area of 17.21 lakh ha (11.26%) and Sudha-Swarna and Pench are smallest ones with less than 1.0 lakh ha area.The sub-basin wise area in different districts of the state is enclosed in Annexure – Soils in Maharashtra

The basin comprises of total 807 elementary watersheds and 4588 and 19383 mini and micro watersheds respectively.

4.3 Demographic Profile

The demographic details of Godavari basin (region wise) are shown in Annexure – Soils in Maharashtra. The basin is divided into 22 districts of the state. It reveals that there are total 21437 villages comprising of 2524 from North Maharashtra, 6872 from Marathawada and 12011 from Vidarbha region. This means that, numbers of villages from Vidarbha region in the basin are more as compare to Marathawada and N. Maharashtra. The basin consists of total 8 Municipal Corporations (3 from N. Maharashtra, 2 from Marathawada and 3 from Vidarbha) and 109 Municipal Councils (6 from N. Maharashtra, 42 from Marathawada and 61 from Vidarbha) and 146 habitations with more than 10000 populations. The total population of the basin is 3,92,77,502.

4.4 Cultivable and Non-Cultivable Area

As indicated in the table given below the basin comprises of 108.41 lakh ha cultivable area and has 90.74 lakh ha net sown area. It has 115.59 lakh ha gross cropped area. This indicates that there is much scope for enhancing gross cropped area of the basin if maximum area could be brought under agriculture in different seasons. However it will need additional irrigation facilities. The basin has total 25.36 lakh ha forest area and 10.39 lakh ha uncultivable waste land. The forest and un-cultivable land of the basin is a significant asset and needs to be developed into productive asset by applying waste land development measures. Some part of this area can be used for development of industrial or urban habitations. There seems to be total 11.19 lakh ha area as cultivable fallow which can be converted into cropping so as to increase gross cropped area of the basin.

Table 4-2: Details of Land:

Sr. No Particulars Area (Lakh ha) 1 2 3 1 Cultivable area 108.41 2 Net sown area 90.74 3 Gross cropped area 115.59 4 Forest land 25.36 5 Uncultivable waste land 10.39 6 Cultivable fallow 11.19




The basin wise Geographical area, Cultivable & Net sown area (Present) is shown in Annexure4.3

4.5 Rain gauge and River gauge

There are only 188 self-recording stations as against 2003 required in the whole basin. Only 85 are automatic rain gauges. Full climatic stations are only 27 as against 120 required. There are only 4 evaporimetersas against 120 required. There are only 6 G & D Silt Measurement Stations against 97 required. The total number of observation wells are 475 as against 1901 required. The number of rain gauges needs to be increased looking to existing inadequacy.

4.6 Diversion of Agricultural Land

The data shows that diversion of Agricultural land to Non-Agricultural (NA) use such as industrial, urban habitation etc. is around 6.66 lakh ha. This includes irrigable land also. This is a most sensitive issue of concern and need to be taken up very seriously. Especially areas around towns, cities or industrial zones are on the verge of diversion. Certain policies need to be made for protection of these lands. The sub-basin wise diversion of irrigation land into non-agricultural activities is enclosed in Annexure no. 4.4

Table 4-3: Diversion of Agricultural Land

Sr. No. Sub basin Diversion of Agricultural land to NA in Lakh Ha (2010)

1 2 3 Current 1 Total Godavari Basin 6.66

4.7 Galper Land

Presently total 1.39 lakh ha area (2010) of the basin is underGalper land, of which only 0.03 lakh ha (3%) is being cultivated. The estimation shows that by 2030 about 2.48 lakh ha land will be available as Galper. The details of Galper land is described in PART II Chapter No.14.

This indicates that focused efforts will be required for encouraging farmers for cultivation of Galper land under different seasonal crops. This will help to add agricultural production of the basin. Details of sub basin wise Galper Land is enclosed in Annexure No. 4.5

Table 4-4: Galper Land in Godavari Basin

Sub-basin Galper Land (In Lakh Ha) 1 2 Current Under cultivation By 2030

Total Godavari Basin 1.39 0.03 2.48




4.8 Surplus Land

The surplus land available in the basin is 71611 ha of which only Upper Godavari sub-basin has highest surplus area of 65742 ha. The information in regard to surplus area from 21 sub-basins was not made available. This surplus area needs to be brought under use considering its type and local situation. The agricultural productive surplus land could be brought under cultivation by leasing the same to agricultural entrepreneurs.

Table 4-5: Surplus Land in Godavari Basin

Sr. No.

Sub Basin Surplus Land (Ha.)

Sr. No.

Sub Basin Surplus Land (ha.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Upper Godawari 65742 16 Bembla 698 2 Pravara Not available 17 Wardha 1721 3 Mula Nil 18 Venna Nil Total NMR 65742 19 Irahi 2090

4 Middle Godawari Not available 20 Andhari Nil 5 Manjara Nil 21 Nag Nil 6 Terna 207.5 22 Kolar Nil 7 Lendi 110 23 Kanhan Nil 8 Manar 272.5 24 Pench Nil 9 Dudhana 210 25 Wainganga Nil

10 Purna 560 26 Bagh Nil 11 Kayadhu Nil 27 Gadhavi Nil 12 Penganga No record 28 Khobragadi Nil 13 Sudha-Suvarna Nil 29 Pranhita Nil

Total Marathwada 1360 30 Indravati Nil 14 Pus Not available Total Vidarbha 4509 15 Arunavati Not available Total (All) 71611

4.9 Existing Cropping Pattern

The basin grows wide crop range that includes cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fruit crops, Sugarcane etc. Maximum area i.e. 45.41 lakh ha is seen under cereals which include Sorghum, bajara, maize, paddy, Wheat etc. The pulses and oils seeds are grown on 20.55 and 16.94 lakh ha area respectively that includes Tur, Gram, Soyabean, ground nut etc. Sugarcane area in the basin is 2.53 lakh ha and area under fruit crops is 5.56 lakh ha. The area under other crops including Cotton is 25.58 lakh ha. The area under Sugarcane crop is more in Marathawada than Vidarbha region. The basin wise existing cropping pattern is enclosed in Annexure – Soils in Maharashtra. This is the average picture of past 10 years or so.

This shows that maximum area is seen under cereals and pulse crops which are mainly seasonal crops. This is good for enhancing cropping intensity of the basin. Also there is scope for increasing area under horticultural crops (fruit crops) in the basin. There is




need of curtailing area under annual crops like Sugarcane, so that seasonal crops can be grown on more area in the basin.

Table 4-6: Existing Cropping Pattern

Crop Total area (Lakh ha) % Area 1 2 3

Sugar cane 2.53 2.19 Fruits 5.56 4.81 Cereals 45.41 39.29 Oil Seeds 16.94 14.66 Pulses 20.55 17.78 Other 24.58 21.26 Total 115.59

4.10 Proposed Cropping Pattern

The proposed cropping pattern of the basin consists of seasonal, bi-seasonal, annual and perennial crops and same is based on the approved cropping pattern (by the Agriculture Department of State Government) for the major irrigation projects in the sub-basins under discussion. The seasonal crops (both Kharip and Rabi) like Sorghum, bajara, paddy, maize, Soyabean, Wheat, Gram etc are proposed whereas bi-seasonal crops like Tur and Cotton are planned to be cultivated in Kharip and Rabi seasons. Part of area is proposed for annual crop like Sugarcane and perennial fruit crops.The sub-basin wise proposed cropping pattern is enclosed in Annexure no. 4.8

4.11 Source of Irrigation

The table presented below shows that total geographical area of the basin is 152.59 lakh ha of which 108.41 lakh ha is under cultivation. The net sown area of the basin is 90.74 lakh ha and gross cropped area is 115.59 lakh ha. The cropping intensity is calculated be 107%. Total irrigated area of the basin is 29.46 lakh ha of which 15.63 lakh ha is on canal, 0.35 lakh ha on lift, 1.22 lakh ha on micro-irrigation, 11.67 lakh on well and 0.57 on tube well. Thus total rainfed area of the basin is 78.94 lakh ha and irrigation intensity is found to be 27.18%. There is scope for enhancing area under micro-irrigation system so as to increase irrigation potential of the basin. The sub-basin wise source of irrigation is enclosed in Annexure No. 4.9.




Table 4-7: Source of Irrigation

(Area in Lakh Ha. Intensity in Percentage)

1 Total geographical Area 152.59

2 Land under cultivation 108.41

3 Net Sown Area 90.74 4 Gross Cropped Area 115.59 5 Cropping Intensity 107% 6 Irrigated Area Canal 15.63 7 Lift 0.35 8 Micro irrigation./

others 1.22

9 well 11.67 10 Tube well 0.57 11 Total 29.46 12 Rainfed Area (2-11) 78.94

13 Irrigation Intensity (11/2*100) 27.18%

4.12 Irrigation Source Wise Crop Area:

The data given in table below shows that maximum irrigated area i.e. 15.63 lakh ha is on canal followed by 11.67 lakh ha on well and 0.57 lakh ha on tube well. Out of total irrigated area only 1.22 lakh ha area is seen under micro-irrigation systems. This means there is much scope for promoting farmers for adoption of micro-irrigation systems so as to increase irrigated potential of the basin. The region wise source of irrigation is enclosed in Annexure No. 4.10.

Table 4-8: Irrigation Source wise Crop Area

Source of irrigation Irrigated area (Lakh ha)

1 2 Canal 15.63 Lift 0.35 Micro irri./ others 1.22 Well 11.67 Tube well 0.57 Total 29.44




4.13 Categorization of Sub-basin:

The data shows that total water both surface and ground water available in the basin is 68484 Mm3. The water availability per hectare and per capita in the basin is 6708 and 1195 M3. Efforts will be required for enhancing ground water recharge and surface storages by implementing different water conservation and water harvesting structures in the basin. On an average the basin can be categorized as Normal (shown below).The categorization of sub-basins (30) in detail is covered in Chapter dealing with ‘Hydrology’.

Table 4-9: Categorization of Godavari basin

Sr. No.

Sub-basin

Surface Water

Availability (Mm3)

Net Ground water (Mm3)

Total water

(3)+(4) (Mm3)

Cultivable Area Ha

Population 2030

Water availability

M3/Ha (5)/(6)

Water availability per Capita

M3

Category

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 50986 17498 68484 10841244 56007265 5098 1223 Normal

4.14 Perennial Crops Suggested in Basin:

The Abundant and Surplus sub-basins are proposed to grow perennial crops on more area whereas the Normal and Deficit sub-basins are proposed to grow perennial crops on small scale. The normal and Deficit sub-basins should emphasize on growing seasonal crops.

Table 4-10: Perennial Crops Suggested

S.N. Sub basin Water Availability

M3/Ha

Perennial crops proposed for master

plan %

Category

1 2 3 4 5 1 Upper

Godawari 5332 5 Normal

2 Pravara 6646 5 Normal 3 Mula 5682 5 Normal 4 Middle

Godawari 4167 5 Normal

5 Manjra 3127 5 Normal 6 Terna 2594 5 Deficit 7 Lendi 3293 5 Normal 8 Manar 3338 5 Normal 9 Dudhana 2759 5 Deficit 10 Purna 5078 5 Normal 11 Kayadhu 5156 5 Normal 12 Penganga 8274 6 Surplus 13 Sudha-Swarna 9934 5 Surplus




S.N. Sub basin Water Availability

M3/Ha

Perennial crops proposed for master

plan %

Category

1 2 3 4 5 14 Pus 5902 6 Normal 15 Arunawati 5904 6 Normal 16 Bembla 2982 6 Normal 17 Wardha 6461 6 Normal 18 Venna * 5720 6 Normal 19 Irahi 6023 10-12 Normal 20 Andhari 18622 10-12 Abundant 21 Naag 8160 10-12 Surplus 22 Kolar 5743 6 Normal 23 Kanhan 6077 10-12 Normal 24 Pench 9583 10-12 Surplus 25 Wainganga 9406 10-12 Surplus 26 Bagh 12537 10-12 Abundant 27 Gadhavi 19510 10-12 Abundant 28 Khobragadi 18722 10-12 Abundant 29 Pranhita 37944 10-12 Abundant 30 Indravati 73066 10-12 Abundant Average 6391 Normal

Note: Perennial crops are proposed based on the cropping pattern recommended by Agriculture Department while formulating major irrigation projects in respective sub basins.

4.15 Crop Productivity and Requirement:

The average per ha productivity of different crops in Godavari basin is presented below. It is seen that the productivity of these crops are less than the state or national level productivity and hence efforts are needed to enhance the productivity of crops. The sub-basin wise average yield per ha in quintal is enclosed in Annexure No. 4.11

The average crop wise productivity of the basin is presented below.

Table 4-11: Productivities of Different Crops

Crop K. Jawar

R. Jawar Wheat Paddy Tur Gram Soya-

been Ground

nut Cotton Sugar-cane Maize

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Average Productivity 10.38 7.57 11.92 11.02 7.82 6.48 11.17 10.83 3.45 622.48 23.12




The expected yield, potential yield, state and national productivity levels are also presented in separate table.

Table 4-12: Crop wise yield

Sr. No

Crops Average Productivity

of Basin (q/ha)

Expected Yield q/ha

Potential Yield q/ha

State Average Yield

q/ha

National Average Yield

q/ha

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Kh. Jawar 10.38 50 80 11.15 10.29 2 Rice 11.02 40 70 3 Maize 23.12 50 70 18.4 17.4 4 Wheat 11.92 35 50 13.07 26.51 5 Rabi Jawar 7.57 30 50 7.16 6.04 6 Tur 7.82 25 45 7.02 6.81 7 Gram 6.48 20 40 5.68 8.03 8 Groundnut 10.83 20 50 9 Soybean 11.17 30 50 11.82 10.06 10 Cotton Lint 3.45 10 20 5.34 3.24 11 Sugar cane 622.48 2000 2500 890 625

4.16 Crop Production:

The present and estimated (by 2030) production of different crops in the basin is presented in following table. It reveals that presently the production of cereals is 53.14 lakh tonne which will be increased to 114.98 lakh tonne by 2030. Similarly, present production of pulses and oil seeds is 30.04 lakh tone which will be 89.73 lakh tonnes by 2030. As mentioned above the productivity of these crops in the basin is low and requires to increase it, so that total production of the basin will be increased. The increased production will help to serve the food grain requirement of population of the basin. The sub-basin wise production of different crops in the basin is enclosed in Annexure No. 4.12

Table 4-13: Crop wise Production

Crop Production in Lakh tonne

1 2 3 Present Cereals 53.14

Pulses 11.68 Oil seeds 18.36

2030 Cereals 114.98 Pulses 43.49 Oil seeds 46.64

NA:The requirement in 2030 for cereals, pulses and oil seeds for these sub basins is not available.




4.17 Research and Extension:

Agricultural services are provided to the farmers by Agriculture Department, Zilla Parishad, TalukaPanchayatSamiti of Government of Maharashtra located within block. In addition to these services, services are also provided by KrishiVidyan Kendra and NGO's.

The minimum requirement criteria for research and extension services are as below:

1. For 50 lakh ha.: One Agriculture University 2. For 10 lakh ha.: One Agriculture Research Center and One KrishiVidyan

Kendra 3. For 1 lakh ha.: One Agriculture College, One Agri. Training Institute and

10 Agri. School. In Godavari basin there are two Agriculture Universities one in Parbhani and another in Rahuri (Ahemadnagar). The basin wise details of Agriculture Universities, Colleges, Schools, Research Stations, KVKs etc. is given in Annexure No. 4.13. The numbers of agriculture colleges, schools, research stations, KrishiVignyan Kendra etc. functional in the basin are present below.

Table 4-14: Agricultural Infrastructure

Agriculture Colleges (Unit

No)

Agriculture School (Unit No)

Agriculture Research Station

(Unit No)

Aril Extension Training/Poly-clinic (Unit No)

KrishiVignyan Kendra (Unit

No) 1 2 3 4 5

6 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030 82 103 208 576 66 112 145 341 45 53

The above table shows that there are 82 agricultural colleges, 208 agricultural schools, 66 research stations, 145 agriculture training centers and 45 KVKs are available in the basin. The available number of all these institutions seems to be inadequate against its requirement by 2030. In 2030 the required numbers of agriculture colleges is 103, schools 576, research stations 112, training centers 341 and KVKs 53. So, needful arrangements are required to add on number of institutions in the basin. So that it will provide quality services to different stakeholders. The research stations and agriculture universities support to develop needful crop technologies whereas the extension wing of state department helps for enhancing its adoption at farmer’s level. Extension services include monthly district workshop, ZREAC, Joint field and diagnostics team visit, training, demonstration etc. The State Government carried out technology transfer, implementation of various central / state sponsored schemes, village seed programmes, Kisan Melava, etc. The Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) at district level plays crucial role in handling these functions.The inadequate infrastructure need to be strengthened so that the farmers would be able access these facilities more smoothly.




4.18 Agro based Industries

Quality agriculture inputs like seed, fertilizers and pesticides etc are essential for good productivity of crops. The other agro-inputs like irrigation systems, farm equipment machinery, agriculture consultancy, diagnostic services, training etc. are also important for better crop productivity. In addition value addition and agro-marketing are the crucial aspects of agriculture business which helps to convert agro-production into income. Typologies of agro-processing units are required for value addition on different produce by carrying out processing.

In the cluster presently some agro-processing and marketing units are available but are inadequate to cater its services to needy farmers. Therefore efforts will be needed for enhancing number of agro-processing units and developing agro-marketing alternatives in order to streamline forward linkages of agri-business. The sub-basin wise Agro processing units available are shown in table below:




Table 4-15: Decentralized Agro processing Centers

Sr. No.

Sub Basin Present Status Future Planning

Sugar cane

Fruit crops

Vege-tables

Cotton Oil seeds

Pulses Rice Sugar cane

Fruit crops

Vege-tables

Cotton Oil seeds

Pulses Rice

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Upper Godawari

*** * -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** -- ** ** --

2 Pravara *** -- -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** -- ** ** --

3 Mula *** -- -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** -- ** ** --

4 Middle Godawari

*** -- -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** ** ** ** --

5 Manjara *** -- * * * * -- ** ** ** ** ** ** --

6 Terna *** -- * * * * -- ** ** ** ** ** **

7 Lendi *** -- * * * * -- ** ** ** ** ** ** **

8 Manar *** -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** ** ** --

9 Dudhana *** -- -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** ** ** ** --

10 Purna *** -- * * * * -- ** ** ** ** ** ** --

11 Kayadhu -- -- * * * * -- -- ** ** ** ** ** --

12 Penganga -- -- * * * * -- ** ** ** ** ** ** --

13 Sudha- Suwarna

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** ** ** ** --

14 Pus ** -- * * * * -- ** ** ** ** ** ** --

15 Arunavati ** -- * * * * -- ** ** ** ** ** ** --

16 Bembla ** -- * * -- * * ** ** ** ** ** ** --

17 Wardha ** -- * * -- * * ** ** ** ** ** ** **

18 Venna ** -- -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** ** ** ** --

19 Irahi -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** -- -- -- **

20 Andhari -- -- -- -- -- -- -- * ** ** ** ** ** **

21 Nag -- -- * * * * * ** ** ** -- -- -- --

22 Kolar -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** ** ** ** **

23 Kanhan -- -- * * * * ** ** ** ** ** ** **




Sr. No.

Sub Basin Present Status Future Planning

Sugar cane

Fruit crops

Vege-tables

Cotton Oil seeds

Pulses Rice Sugar cane

Fruit crops

Vege-tables

Cotton Oil seeds

Pulses Rice

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

24 Pench -- -- * -- -- * * ** -- -- -- ** ** **

25 Wainganga -- -- * * * * * ** ** ** -- ** ** **

26 Bagh -- -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** -- ** ** **

27 Gadhavi -- -- -- -- -- -- * ** ** ** -- ** ** **

28 Khobragadi -- -- -- -- -- -- * ** ** ** -- ** ** **

29 Pranhita -- -- -- -- -- -- ** ** ** -- ** ** **

30 Indravati -- -- -- -- * * * ** ** ** -- ** ** **

* Inadequate, ** Adequate *** Excess




As stated in above table the available processing and agro-marketing infrastructure is categorized as ‘Inadequate’, ‘Adequate’ and ‘Excess’. The inadequate infrastructure needs to be strengthened more whereas the adequate infrastructure needs to utilize economically better. However, the ‘Excess’ infrastructure has limitations for increasing its number henceforth. The ‘Excess’ infrastructure will require special attention for its smooth and economical functioning. Otherwise some such units will required to be curtailed in next couple of years.

The region wise details of credit facilities, financial institutions, agro based industries present status & requirement are as follows:

Table 4-16: Agricultural Marketing

S. N.

Particulars North Maharashtra (Unit No.)

Marathwada (Unit No.)

Vidarbha (Unit No.)

Present Requirement Present Requirement Present Requirement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Credit facilities 1113 0 6946 1867 26363 6551 2 Green storages 697 1534 129 1550 551 1275 3 Cold storages 51 90 18 3250 27 339 4 Fertilizers

agencies 10 72 810 16 913 92547

5 Seed agencies 25 1929 662 28 650 130391 6 Tissue culture /

nursery 2 72 0 2 2 1

7 Pesticides agencies

25 72 14 16 661 899

8 Agriculture implement agencies

0 0 287 16 179 347

9 Drip, sprinkler & diffuser dealers

25 72 353 10 14132 44085

10 Green poly house / shed net

2 25 10 10 22 45

11 Marketing (KrishiUtpanna Bazar samiti)

22 25 73 16 151 65

12 Weekly / bi weekly markets

28 72 7 12 120 315

4.19 Ultimate Irrigation Potential:

The data given in table below shows that out of total 108.41 lakhs ha cultivable area of the basin 26.23 lakh ha is irrigated. The ultimate irrigation potential is estimated to be 125.06 lakh ha. The present percent irrigated area is 24.56% which will be increased to 117% by 2030. The present gross cropped area is 114.33 lakh ha which will be raised to 183.64 lakh ha by 2030 and beyond. The present cropping intensity of the basin is 107 which is estimated to be 172 by 2030. Here, it is assumed that 100% seasonal crop area will be covered under micro-irrigation system (MIS). However, even with 50% seasonal crop area under MIS, the cropping intensity will be more than 150. The overall water use for irrigation is 44725 Mm3. The overall crop water requirement would be around 3600 m3 perha. The sub-basin wise ultimate irrigation potential is enclosed in Annexure – Soils in Maharashtra. The exercise is based on tall expectations. Nevertheless,




focused efforts will be required for achieving the objectives. This will also ensure equity among all the stakeholders. The assessment of water availability for the perspective plan is governed by average dependable figure. There will be a certain amount of reduction in the irrigation potential and also cropping intensity, if the exercise is related to 75% dependable figure. The perennial crops will be subjected to drip, sub-surface drip and diffuser technology. The seasonal crops by and large will be brought under sprinkler irrigation. With this approach the cost aspect will be diluted sizably. For enhancement of productivity with optimum use of water resources, adoption of MIS appears a necessity. The policies of the Government will play a major role in such venture. Farmers need to be educated appropriately. Time will be the deciding factor.

Table 4-17: Ultimate Irrigation Potential

Area in Lakh Ha

Cultivable area

(Lakh ha)

Present*irrigated area (Lakh Ha)

Ultimate* Irrigation Potential (Lakh ha)

% Irrigated area

Gross cropped area (Lakh ha)

(Including rainfed)

Croppin g intensity

(%)

Water used for irrigation

(Mm3) Pre-

sent 2030 Present 2030 Pre-

sent 2030

108.41 26.23 125.06 24.56 117 114.33 183.64 107 172 44,725

4.20 Conclusions and Recommendations:

• The overall picture shows, that about 30% land of the basin is said to be under non-agricultural use of which about 27% land is either forest or un-cultivable waste/ barren land. These lands can be converted into dense tree cover which will help to enhance vegetation of the basin. Part of this land can be used for developing industries or urban habitations.

• The fallow area of 11.19 lakh ha which is cultivable waste can be brought under crop cultivation by providing certain soil and water conservation measures, so as to increase net cropped area of the basin.

• The issue of diversion of land from irrigated/agriculture to non-agriculture purpose is most sensitive in the basin. Some policy decisions will be required to prohibit this conversion of irrigated/agriculture land into non-agriculture use.

• Need to encourage farmers for cultivation of Galper land under different seasonal crops. This will help to add production of the basin.

• The surplus acquired land shall not be kept unused. It should be brought under productive use (agriculture and agro-processing industries) by leasing the same to agricultural entrepreneurs.

• Needful arrangements are required to enhance number of agriculture colleges, schools, research stations, training centers and KVKs in the basin for better extension services to different stakeholders.

• The infrastructure required for better agri-business like agro-input service centers, irrigation equipment centers, green houses, grain storages, cold




storages, credit facilities, etcis inadequate to cater the needs of farmers from the basin. So, necessary efforts are required for increasing numbers of these units in the basin.

• The sub-basins falling in North Maharashtra and Marathawada (Manjara, Terna,Ournaetc) are water short ones and those falling in Eastern part of Vidarbha (Pench, Kolar, Pranhitaetc ) are water rich sub-basins. Special efforts need to be made to establish water intensive cropping pattern (Sugarcane etc) and also industrial activities in water rich sub-basins. The area under Sugarcane in water short sub-basins needs reduction.

• More emphasis shall be given on promoting seasonal short duration and high yielding crops (pulse, oil seed, vegetables etc) in almost all the sub-basins. Focused efforts should be made to bring all the irrigation under micro-irrigation systems by 2030. Every farmer is to be empowered with shade net/poly-house, farm pond/well and so on, so as to have round the year employment on his own farm.

• A broad analysis for assessing the ultimate irrigation potential of Godavari basin, taking into account the water availability from all sources including recycled water and return flows and resorting to modern irrigation systems. It was revealed that the cropping intensity could be enhanced from 1.07 to 1.72. Focused efforts are needed to promote short duration seasonal crops with a dose of protective irrigation.

• The basin is utterly inadequate in establishing agro-processing units (Cotton mill, textiles mills, oil/pulses/cereals processing industries, fruit and vegetable processing industries etc ) for all types of crops in a decentralized (village/ block/district level)manner. Special efforts are needed to fulfill the requirement of the basin. It generates huge employment at rural level in addition to value addition of the primary produce.

• There is an acute shortage of climatological observation centers (rain gauge, river gauge, evaporimeter, sunshine recorder, wind vane etc) in the basin. Efforts are needed to make good the shortage immediately. There is need to have at least one rain gauge station and evaporimeter in each of the villages of the basin.




4.21 Annexures

4.1.1 Annexure 4.1 Region wise land use

Sr. No.

Type of Land North Maharashtra Region

Marathawada Region Vidarbha Region

Area in Ha.

Percentage Area in Ha.


Percentage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Total Geographical Area

2191200

14.36 5187800

33.99 7879700

51.65

2 Net sown Area 1565378

72.28 3727775

71.87 3781702

47.65

3 FallowLand 173253

8.0 398997

7.69 546786

6.89

4 Land under pasture

9942

0.46 142008

2.74 207844

2.62

5 Miscellaneous-land Trees

24898

1.15 158746

3.06 139665

1.76

6 Total Cultivated Area (2+3+4+5)

1773471

81.89 4427526

85.37 4640247

58.46

7 Area under Forest

186319

8.60 152782

2.95 2198070

27.69

8 Non cultivated waste area

94380

4.36 422975

8.16 387814

4.89

9 Wetland under Submergence

70540

3.26 93872

1.81 90988

1.15

10 BarrenLand 37560

1.73 66015

1.27 382208

4.82

11 Urban, Rural, on agri. & Industrial Area

3534

0.16 23313

0.45 201913

2.54

12 Total Uncultivated Area (7+8+9+10+11)

390959 18.11 758957

14.63

3260993

41.09




4.1.2 Annexure 4.2 Sub basin wise areas in districts

Sr. no.

Sub-basin Geographical Area

(Sq. km.)

Districts Percentage of sub

basin area

Total Watersheds

Elementary Mini Micro

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Upper Godawari

15503 Nashik 45.1 72 372 2458

Aurangabad 23.4

Ahmednagar 31.4

Jalgaon 0.1

2 Pravara 3507 Ahmednagar 95 17 142 617

Nashik 5

3 Mula 2902 Ahmednagar 97 12 160 553

Pune 3.1

North Maharashtra Region

21912 101 674 3628

4 Middle Godawari

17208 Ahmednagar 4.3 83 575 ----

Aurangabad 4.1

Jalna` 9.9

Parbhani 17.6

Hingoli 4.5

Beed 38.9

Nanded 20.5

Latur 0.2

5 Manjra 7231 Latur 17.5 37 660 1145 Beed 31.7

Osmanabad 50.8

6 Terna 3241 Osmanabad 55 16 104 319 Latur 45

7 Lendi 2010 Latur 45 12

Nanded 55

8 Manar 2857 Latur 33 13

Nanded 64

Beed 3

9 Dudhana 6039 Aurangabad 16 38 216 816

Jalna 61.1

Parbhani 21.8




Sr. no.


(Sq. km.)


basin area

Total Watersheds


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Buldana 1`.1

10 Purna 10250 Aurangabad 24.8 68 381 1508

Jalna 25.9

Buldana 17.5

Hingoli 11.9

Parbhani 19.2

Washim 0.7

11 Kayadhu 2239 Hingoli 84.8 9 71 462

Washim 0.8

Nanded 14.4

12 Sudha 803

Nanded 100 3 28

Suwarna

Marathawada Region

51878 279 2035 4250

13

Penganga 13357 Buldana 15.3 66 532 2760

Washim 11.3

Yevatmal 40.2

Hingoli 6.4

Nanded 22.1

Chandrapur 4.7

14 Pus 1908 Washim 25.4 7 70 301

Yevatmal 74.6

15 Arunavati 5017 Washim 29.8 25 221 733

Yevatmal 70.2

16 Bembla 2933 Amaravati 48.9 21 87 175

Yevatmal 35

Washim

16.1

17 Wardha 12478 Amaravati 25.8 55 365

1867

Chandrapur 20.2

Nagpur 10

Wardha 25

Yevatmal 19

18 Venna 5439 Wardha 58.5 34 162 1470

Chandrapur 4.7




Sr. no.


(Sq. km.)


basin area

Total Watersheds


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Nagpur 36.8

19 Erahi 1341 Chandrapur 100 7 45 181

20 Andhari 4161 Chandrapur 100 24 130 568

21 Nag 930 Nagpur 100 5 22 123

22 Kolar 994 Nagpur 100 5 25 219

23 Kanhan 1488 Nagpur 100 8 14 160

24 Pench 539 Nagpur 100 4 5 76

25 Wainganga 13968 Bhandara 28.5 79 - -

Gadchiroli 25.2

Nagpur 17.5

Gondia 16.6

Chandrapur 12.9

26 Bagh 2074 Gondia 100 13 33 450

27 Gadhavi 1654 Gondia 71 15 26 393

Gadchiroli 29

28 Khobragadi 1656 Gadchiroli 100 10 25 511

29 Pranhita 3682 Chandrapur 10 18 46 203

Gadchiroli 90

30 Indravati 5178 Gadchiroli 100 31 71 1315

Vidharbha Region

78797 427 1879 11505

Total 152587 21 807 4588 19383




4.1.3 Annexure 4.3 Geographical area, Cultivable & Net sown area (Pres ent)

S. N.

Sub basin Geographical area (ha)

Cultivable area (ha)

Percentage (Cult/Geo)

Net sown area (ha)

Gross cropped area (ha)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Upper Godawari 1550300 1310471 85 1172363 1683213

2 Pravara 350700 246000 70 216048 275261

3 Mula 290200 217000 82 176967 223627

North Maharashtra Total

2191200 1773471 82 1565378 2182101

4 Middle Godawari 1720800 1588000 92 1328000 1711000

5 Manjra 723100 686000 95 431563 690725

6 Terna 324100 300740 93 240610 322380

7 Lendi 201000 145150 72 131310 149610

8 Manar 285700 227380 80 202630 223150

9 Dudhana 603927 449102 74 429325 613100

10 Purna 1024966 805670 79 756975 994975

11 Kayadhu 223900 187531 84 177363 196148

12 Sudha 80300 37953 48 29999 34392

Swarna

Marathwada Total 5187800 4427526 85 3727775 4935480

13 Penganga 1335700 968000 73 852960 973281

14 Pus 190800 144855 76 127658 132301

15 Arunawati 501700 359925 72 329934 352374

16 Bembla 293300 249538 85 225205 253952

17 Wardha 1247800 881484 71 784722 921868

18 Venna 543900 381500 70 301322 333752

19 Erahi 134100 83347 62 69939 95816

20 Andhari 416100 163733 39 133525 168937

21 Naag 93000 47550 37 47550 57510

22 Kolar 99400 79570 80 55910 72670

23 Kanhan 148790 99230 67 74320 92560

24 Pench 53900 25150 46 17210 22480

25 Wainganga 1396816 849031 61 535539 704751

26 Bagh 207400 97838 47 80286 99170

27 Gadhavi 165400 47873 29 34868 41772

28 Khobragadi 165600 54000 33 36274 40244

29 Pranhita 368200 54000 15 38430 40755




S. N.

Sub basin Geographical area (ha)

Cultivable area (ha)

Percentage (Cult/Geo)

Net sown area (ha)

Gross cropped area (ha)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

30 Indravati 517800 53623 10 36050 37676

Vidharbha Total 7879700 4640247 58 3781702 4441869

Total 15258700 10841244 71 9074855 11559450

Forest and Uncultivable Waste Land

Sub basin Forest land %

Uncultivable waste land

(ha.)

Cultivable fallow (ha)

Sub basin Forest land %

Uncultivable waste land

(ha.)

Cultivable fallow (ha)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Upper Godawari

7.36 64349 138108 Penganga 15.24 57616 115040

Pravara 10.46 26076 20010 Pus 16.87 10019 8080

Mula 13.39 3955 15135 Arunawati 14.42 30901 13772

North Maharashtra Total

8.60 94380 173253 Bembla 7.55 20511 24333

Middle Godawari

2.15 78513 160000 Wardha 9.39 136611 96762

Manjra 0.89 8247 89749 Venna 15.96 26956 40764

Terna 0.77 52430 Erahi 18.81 17660 13408

Lendi 1.46 38436 5780 Andhari 47.99 22376 30208

Manar 2.18 25515 8770 Naag 5.42 11971 24350

Dudhana 1.84 130890 19777 Kolar 4.37 8137 13170

Purna 6.75 128064 48695 Kanhan 20.40 12969 13680

Kayadhu 3.05 8654 10168 Pench 53.44 3510

SudhaSwarna 13.22 4656 3628 Wainganga 27.99 7094 111209

Marathwada Total

2.95 422975 398997 Bagh 28.72 3599 8355

Gadhavi 45.73 5307 5540

Khobragadi 60.82 7102

Pranhita 73.75 6710 8715

Indravati 86.90 9377 8788

Vidharbha Total

27.69 387814 546786

Total 16.59

905169

1119036




4.1.4 Annexure 4.4 Sub-Basin Wise Diversion Of Irrigated Land Into Non -Agricultural Activities

Sr. No.

Name of sub basin

Diversion of Land in ha up to2010

Remark

1 2 3 4

1 Upper Godavari 190 Expansion of villages, towns and cities

2 Mula 485 MahatamaPhule Agricultural University, Rahuri

3 Pravara 600 Pravara, Sangamner and Ashok sugar factory and Shrirampur Nagar Parishad

4 Middle Godavari 2370 Urbanization of Basmat and Nanded in command of Purna Project

5 Manjara 54 Housing and gaothan development

6 Terana 16569 (203 ha area increasing per year)

7 Lendi 11662 .(198 ha area increasing per year)

8 Manar - Data not available.

9 Dudhana 55920 (141 % rise )

10 Purna 162963 (134 % rise )

11 Kayadhu - Data not available.

12 Sudha-swarna 32 No diversion

13 Penganga - Data not available

14 Pus - Data not available

15 Arunavati - Data not available

16 Bembala - Data not available

17 Wardha - Data not available

18 Venna 21125 Nagpur Township Megadoot,ButiboriIndustrialarea,MihanAir port,Sez

19 Erai - Data not available

20 Andhari - Data not available

21 Nag 380000 (Nagpur Corporation area)

22 Kolar 630

23 Kanhan 5520 Coal Mines, Thermal Power Station in Munda

24 Pench 0

25 Wainganga 7699 .(1.46% area )

26 Bagh 333 Already converted

27 Gadhavi 36 Already converted

28 Khobragadi 100 Already converted

29 Pranhita 0

30 Indravati 3.05

Total 666291.173

Source: Sub basin wise information collected by the various agencies appointed by GMIDC




4.1.5 Annexure 4.5 Details Of Sub Basin Wise Galper Land Sr. No.

Sub-basin No. of Projects Submergence Area Ha.

Galper Land Maximum Galper use -2010

2010 2030 2010 2030 2010 2030 Ha.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Upper Godavari 104 214 61279 72958 44882 55295 73

2 Mula 18 25 6881 8765 4060 5170 0

3 Pravara 9 11 2380 3230 423 850 0

4 Middle Godavari 129 271 17487 25702 10493 15422 771

5 Manjara 133 185 21485 23749 7090 7800 302

6 Terana 443 624 12558 20543 6160 10052 535

7 Lendi 154 254 3544 9929 1742 4935 171

8 Manar 241 411 10545 17190 4998 8320 1289

9 Dudhana 35 55 5091 15752 4206 11766 168

10 Purna 94 117 22036 27872 13907 17116 136

11 Kayadhu 13 77 300 8336 40 4172 0

12 Sudhaswaran 18 28 11286 1894 1042 1693 12

13 Penganga 188 286 20553 44247 2065 4391 0

14 Pus 31 56 4056 7040 1492 3012 17

15 Arunavati 82 95 5861 7522 3516 4513 56

16 Bembala 11 41 1102 15529 722 11484 0

17 Wardha 57 130 2367 51138 1805 37980 0

18 Wena 332 433 15642 18840 8284 8832 405

19 Erai 6 34 7816 10255 6049 7872 0

20 Andhari 15 19 4265 4790 3204 3597 0

21 Nag 6 8 178.9 220 49 90 22

22 Kolar 8 9 1546 1646 1414 1504 0

23 Kanhan 9 19 791 945 692 827 0

24 Pench 9 13 318 719 153 375 0

25 Wainganga 66 88 10892 27724 2723 6931 60

26 Bagh 10 20 6386 8984 3193 4493 68

27 Gadhavi 12 40 6730 7784 3365 3892 114

28 Khobragadi 490 525 1224 10422 612 5211 0

29 Pranhita 5 6 1471 1471 735 735 0

30 Indravati 95 106 227 690 113 345 0

Total 2823 4200 266298 455886 139229 248675 4199

Source: Sub basin wise information collected by the various agencies appointed by GMIDC




4.1.6 Annexure 4.6 Basin Wise Existing Cropping Pattern

Sr. No.

Sub-basin Gross Cropped

Area

Type of Crop in Ha

Sugar cane

Fruits Cereals Oil Seeds

Pulses Other Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Upper Godawari

1683213 51028 148475 1209387 22027 101906 150390 1683213

2 Pravara 275261 36154 25108 73442 22720 97605 20232 275261

3 Mula 223627 22600 0 84683 22954 57767 35623 223627


2182101 109782 173583 1367512 67701 257278 206245 2182101

5.03 7.95 62.66 3.10 11.79 9.45

4 Middle Godawari

1711000 42103 42398 738038 219145 300570 368746 1711000

5 Manjara 690725 34900 500 232600 165400 216800 40525 690725

6 Terna 322380 10477 2057 81792 49936 145745 32373 322380

7 Lendi 149610 4354 16313 37493 31005 33152 27293 149610

8 Manar 223150 5914 13100 64850 50723 51884 36679 223150

9 Dudhana 613100 9500 33500 245050 53300 116250 155500 613100

10 Purna 994975 11250 55900 388425 135100 199500 204800 994975

11 Kayadhu 196148 1502 3256 42839 72835 44190 31526 196148

12 Sudha-Swarna

34392 728 1352 9902 4196 7270 10944 34392

Marathawada Region

4935480 120728 168376 1840989 781640 1115361 908386 4935480

2.44 3.41 37.30 15.83 22.60 18.41

12 Penganga 973281 6885 17824 166649 247951 210524 323448 973281

14 Pus 132301 1761 1281 26134 31860 33343 37922 132301

15 Arunavati 352374 834 3344 64523 56680 71337 155656 352374

17 Wardha 921868 1297 82175 173994 242050 150990 271362 921868




Sr. No.

Sub-basin Gross Cropped

Area

Type of Crop in Ha

Sugar cane

Fruits Cereals Oil Seeds

Pulses Other Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

18 Venna 333752 3362 24891 77175 73192 45580 109552 333752

19 Irahi 95816 15 3254 18229 4 7105 67209 95816

20 Andhari 168937 0 6169 94804 40738 22459 4767 168937

21 Nag 57510 1338 5782 11508 20416 10931 7535 57510

22 Kolar 72670 1440 5686 19218 26192 11785 8349 72670

23 Kanhan 92560 1593 9419 24021 31391 12506 13630 92560

24 Pench 22480 1023 2665 4266 7563 4058 2905 22480

25 Wainganga 704751 3007 34149 398516 0 38338 230741 704751

26 Bagh 99170 98 1652 87593 3536 6291 0 99170

27 Gadhavi 41772 11 1004 35139 1236 2018 2364 41772

28 Khobragadi 40244 0 1312 33582 1835 1901 1614 40244

29 Pranhita 40755 0 1364 21589 7246 4505 6051 40755

30 Indravati 37676 0 1177 30573 1468 1481 2977 37676

Vidharbha Region

4441869 23140 214456 1332980 844701 683156 1343436 4441869

0.52 4.82 30.01 19.02 15.38 34.24




4.1.7 Annexure 4.7 Existing Crop Area in Sub-basin

Sr.No.

Sub basin K. Jawar R. Jawar Wheat Paddy Tur Gram Soyabeen Ground nut

Cotton Sugarcane

Fruit Crops

Total

1 Upper Godavari 487449 262009 95294 29089 23285 45190 0 4544 62761 51028 356517 14171662 Pravara 68205 41092 32350 0 0 20150 20005 0 5600 36154 25108 2486643 Mula 47529 79117 5566 0 1215 2210 8913 911 349 22600 4288 1726984 Middle Godavari 285017 327360 79800 10145 95371 76543 136100 12441 352100 42103 41242 14582225 Manjra 111200 51700 35000 12400 74000 45366 113600 9100 8800 34900 13860 5099266 Terna 42038 67539 15120 4384 36913 24308 29240 322 2547 10477 1766 2346547 Lendi 28175 4683 4967 2334 11071 7914 25913 943 19330 4354 4150 1138348 Manar 40859 8480 7052 3504 18857 11403 36798 2611 34388 5914 8926 1787929 Dudhana 59000 145000 25000 750 42500 20000 22000 500 155500 9500 22500 50225010 Purna 119500 95000 50000 3300 57000 47000 90000 2000 204800 11250 44400 72425011 Kayadhu 22802 999 18498 177 8651 20012 63434 1182 30756 1502 2166 17017912 Penganga 100390 2137 46891 7147 83778 48265 233700 3799 321614 6885 9085 863691

Sudha 4960 2720 1230 27 2887 960 3186 643 3508 728 1157 22006Swarna 1722 74 185 303 481 70 1169 74 3014 63 22 7177

14 Pus 19860 2980 2922 0 12042 2740 37357 546 37922 1761 460 11859015 Arunawati 56889 5264 5255 0 28928 2693 54882 1245 145327 834 1747 30306416 Bembla 39537 46 5598 165 23513 7260 35843 891 97354 476 8578 21926117 Wardha 76531 17211 27692 14984 78963 27802 179372 7592 271306 1297 64552 76730218 Venna 44701 1300 22674 7200 31780 5900 64214 7278 109462 3362 12703 31057419 Erahi 1494 7408 4368 8578 3103 1898 22529 0 8696 11 581 5866620 Andhari 2574 8405 4145 40241 4401 2054 18258 28 2837 832 8377521 Naag 3823 453 3001 4087 4929 4625 19689 727 7107 1338 2668 5244722 Kolar 4089 485 10158 1446 5301 4748 25414 778 7603 1440 4193 6565523 Kanhan 5937 704 4369 12952 7696 4043 30262 1129 11039 1593 6449 8617324 Pench 869 281 1060 2033 1571 1566 7113 450 2405 1023 1341 1971225 Wainganga 3521 22395 27405 344554 0 18071 0 0 7405 3006 3852 43020926 Bagh 0 0 833 86590 1936 940 15 6 0 98 9950 10036827 Gadhavi 0 25 394 34405 1075 775 64 0 0 11 380 3712928 Khobragadi 0 0 367 32510 936 613 628 0 0 0 423 3547729 Pranhita 1080 2210 104 17473 2627 422 5484 0 6051 0 194 3564530 Indravati 0 2139 22 27386 921 242 1170 0 1346 0 277 33503

13




4.1.8 Annexure 4.8 Basin Wise Proposed Cropping Pattern

9 Sugar cane

Fruit crops

Kh. Jawar

Rabi Jawar

Bajra Maize Rice Tur Gram Soybean Ground-nut

Cotton Wheat

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Upper Godawari

2.0 3.0 22.8 22.9 6.1 3.1 14.9 10.7 14.5 16.8 9.2

Pravara 2.0 7.3 23.5 34.6 8.0 11.1 32.8 18.2 9.1 10.9 Mula 1.9 8.3 20.8 50.8 14.3 16.2 14.8 27.7 6.9 Middle Godawari

2.2 4.7 12.6 28.3 -- 0.9 15.7 10.1 15.1 6.3 25.2 5.0

Manjara 2.0 2.7 14.6 24.8 3.8 5.1 1.0 21.6 24.8 20.4 3.7 5.8 2.9 Terna 2.0 3.0 8.2 33.3 4.5 1.7 3.0 21.6 16.6 24.9 1.7 6.7 8.5 Lendi 2.0 3.0 13.8 34.5 1.0 17.2 1.7 13.8 24.7 31.0 3.4 13.8 4.1 Manar 2.0 3.1 11.0 22.0 2.7 1.8 1.5 15.4 17.6 22.0 4.4 17.6 4.4 Dudha na 1.9 4.1 14.2 23.1 7.4 12.8 8.9 9.6 5.6 34.2 5.0 Purna 2.0 3.0 10.1 13.2 16.7 15.7 14.5 13.1 11.9 26.8 7.3




4.1.9 Annexure 4.9 Sub-Basin Wise Source of Irrigation

Sr.No. Sub-basin

Total geographi

cal Area

Land under

cultivation

Net Sown Area

Gross Croped

Area

Cropping

Intensity

Irrigated Area

Rainfed Area (4-13)

Irrigation Intensity

(13/4*100) Remarks

canal lift micro

irri./ others

well Tube well

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Upper Godawari

1550300 1310471 1172363 1683213 143.57 371953 3205 75232 151223 0 6016

13 708858 45.91

2 Pravara 350700 246000 216048 275261 127.41 29986 720 2858 89790 112 1234

66 122534 50.19

3 Mula 290200 217000 176967 223627 126.37 17889 1886 2090 43614 75 6555

4 151446 30.21

A North Maharashtra Region

2191200 1773471 1565378 2182101 139.40 419828 5811 80180 284627 187 7906

33 982838 44.58

4 Middle Godawari

1720800 1588000 1328000 1711000 128.84 384652 0 284434 669086 918914 42.13

5 Manjara 723100 686000 431563 690725 160.05 102096 11955 783 52567

46226

213627 472373 31.14

6 Terna 324100 300740 240610 322380 133.98 10455 3793 1119 24762 3942 4407

1 256669 14.65

7 Lendi 201000 145150 131310 149610 113.94 3917 8198 0 6659 2187 20961 124189 14.44

8 Manar 285700 227380 202630 223150 110.13 9554 4933 4619 14815 3231 3715

2 190228 16.34

9 Dudhana 603927 449102 429325 613100 142.81 8250 0 4800 77600 0 9065

0 358452 20.18

10 Purna 1024966 805670 756975 994975 131.44 28227 0 5465 111958 0 1456

50 660020 18.08

11 Kayadhu 223900 187531 177363 196148 110.59 6965 0 0 16870 0 2383

5 163696 12.71

12 Sudha-Suvarna

80300 37953 29999 34392 114.64 893 0 0 1891 560 3344 34609 8.81

B Marathawada Region 5187800 4389573 3697776 4901088 132.54 554116 28879 16786 5896

65 5558

6 1245032 3144541 28.36

13 Penganga 1335700 968000 852960 973281 114.11 51186 890 0 63251 0 1153

27 852673 11.91

14 Pus 190800 144855 127658 132301 103.64 3375 0 0 4350 0 7725 137130 5.33




Sr.No. Sub-basin

Total geographi

cal Area

Land under

cultivation

Net Sown Area

Gross Croped

Area

Cropping

Intensity

Irrigated Area

Rainfed Area (4-13)


(13/4*100) Remarks

canal lift micro

irri./ others

well Tube well

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Sr.No

Sub-basin Total

geographical Area

Land under

cultivation

Net Sown Area

Gross Croped

Area

Cropping

Intensity

Irrigated Area Rainfed Area

(4-13)


(13/4*100)

Remarks

canal lift micro

irri./ others

well Tube well Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

15 Arunavati 501700 359925 329934 352374 106.80 5509 0 0 10375 0 15884 344041 4.41

16 Bembla 293300 249538 225205 253952 112.76 5999 0 1050 14758 0 21807 227731 8.74

17 Wardha 1247000 881484 784722 921868 117.48 127062 0 5843 80397 0 213302 668182 24.20

18 Venna 543900 381500 301322 333752 110.76 21380 0 0 44086 0 65466 316034 17.16

19 Irahi 134031 83347 69939 95816 137.00 8552 0 191 1287 0 10030 73317 12.03

20 Andhari 416100 163733 133525 168937 126.52 32648 0 2015 3638 0 38301 125432 23.39

21 Nag 93000 47550 47550 57510 120.95 13500 0 0 1403 0 14903 32647 31.34

22 Kolar 99400 79570 55910 72670 129.98 7258 0 0 6800 0 14058 65512 17.67

23 Kanhan 148790 99230 74320 92560 124.54 42329 0 0 4486 0 46815 52415 47.18

24 Pench 53900 25150 17210 22480 130.62 5599 0 0 71 0 5670 19480 22.54

25 Wainganga 1396816 849031 535539 704751 131.60 167156 0 16426 46113 1550 231245 617786 27.24

26 Bagh 207400 97838 80286 99170 123.52 62189 0 0 2929 0 65118 32720 66.56

27 Gadhavi 165400 47873 34868 41772 119.80 17504 0 0 1087 0 18591 29282 38.83

28 Khobragadi 165600 54000 36274 40244 110.94 9519 0 0 2110 0 11629 42371 21.54

29 Pranhita 368200 54000 38430 40755 106.05 5251 0 0 2285 0 7536 46464 13.96




Sr.No. Sub-basin

Total geographi

cal Area

Land under

cultivation

Net Sown Area

Gross Croped

Area

Cropping

Intensity

Irrigated Area

Rainfed Area (4-13)


(13/4*100) Remarks

canal lift micro

irri./ others

well Tube well

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

30 Indravati 517800 53623 36050 37676 104.51 2560 0 0 1822 0 4382 49241 8.17

C Vidharbha Region 7897700 4678200 3811701 4476261 117.43 589469 89

0 25525 293139 2110 911133 3767067 19.48

TotalGodawariBasin 15258700 10841244 9074855 11559450 127.38 1563413

35580

122491 1167431 57883 2946798 7894446 27.18




4.1.10 Annexure 4.10 Region wise Source of Irrigation

S.No. Type of source

Area in Ha.



Percentage


Marathawada Region Vidarbha Region

1 2 3 4 5

1 Canal 4,19,828 53.10 555009 44.46 588576 64.84

2 Lift 5,811 0.07 28879 2.31 890 0.09

3 Micro irrigation

80,180 10.14 16786 1.34 25525 2.81

4 Well 2,84,627 35.99 591556 47.39 291248 32.08

5 Tube well 187 0.02 56146 0.45 1550 0.17

Total 7,90,633 12,48,376 907789




4.1.11 Annexure 4.11 Sub-basin wise Average Yield per Ha in Quintal

Sr. No.

Sub basin K. Jawar

R. Jawar

Wheat Paddy Tur Gram Soya-been

Ground nut

Cotton Sugar -cane

Maize

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 Upper Godawari

11 7 19 13.5 7.5 7.5 10 3.5 860 29

2 Pravara 5.5 23.1 9.1 11.7 3.2 700

3 Mula 8.1 22.3 5.7 8.8 9.8 5.8 3.5 700

4 Middle Godawari

11.6 9.4 13.6 6.9 7.9 6.8 10.2 15.1 4.4 685 29.1

5 Manjra 5.6 6.8 10.3 5.2 5 6.8 10.2 3.3 1.8 653 16.6

6 Terna 13.5 8.3 11 5.7 6 10.4 580

7 Lendi 13.5 11.8 13.3 6.4 5.2 10.4 15.1 2.8 580

8 Manar 9.1 11.8 13.3 6.8 6.9 7.3 15.1 2..8 761

9 Dudhana 11.4 5 15.3 3.3 6.5 6.4 12.9 5.3 8.4 640 22.8

10 Purna 13.2 7.9 14.9 7.4 6.8 10.3 6.47 8.7 570 17.3

11 Kayadhu 15.8 14.3 9.9 13.2 14.7 14.4 2.9 640

12 Sudha 11.6 10.3 13 10.2 7.6 6.1 16.1 11.1 1.1 626 18.3

Swarna

13 Penganga 16.8 14.3 9.9 13.2 14.7 14.4 2.9 640

14 Pus 11.4 11 9.1 5.7 11.3 10.6 1.3 638

15 Arunawati 11.4 11 9.1 5.7 11.3 10.6 1.3 638

16 Bembla 7.8 7.8 8.2 11.2 8.6 3.8 11.6 12 3.5 586

17 Wardha 12 15.2 11 10.5 6.4 10.1 9.1 8.4 720 28.5

18 Venna 8.7 13.1 11.8 9.7 6.8 11.4 8 2

19 Erahi 7.8 7.8 8.2 11.2 6.6 3.8 11.6 3.5 586

20 Andhari 12 8.2 11.2 7.2 3.8 11.6 12 8.4 28.5




Sr. No.

Sub basin K. Jawar

R. Jawar

Wheat Paddy Tur Gram Soya-been

Ground nut

Cotton Sugar -cane

Maize

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

21 Naag 8.1 4.1 10.8 12.9 11.1 6.4 10 12.3 1.6 582 25.9

22 Kolar 8.1 4.1 10.8 12.9 11.1 6.4 10 12.3 1.6 582 25.9

23 Kanhan 8.1 4.1 10.8 12.9 11.1 6.4 10 12.3 1.6 582 25.9

24 Pench 8.1 4.1 10.8 12.9 11.1 6.4 10 12.3 1.6 582 25.9

25 Wainganga 5.4 3.6 6.8 11.5 4.2 1.4 540

26 Bagh 7 12.6 8.3 4.3 450 15

27 Gadhavi 7 12.6 5.8 4.3 450 15

28 Khobragadi 7.6 7 12.2 5.8 5 11

29 Pranhita 7.5 7 12.2 5.6 5 11

30 Indravati 7.5 7 12.2 5.7 5 11

INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR GODAVARI BASIN IN M AHARASHTRA VOLUME II: INTEGRATED PLAN – PART I



4.1.12 Annexure 4.12 Sub-basin wise Crop Production in Tones

Sr. No.

Sub basin At Present 2030

Cereals Pulses Oil seeds

Cereals Pulses Oil seeds

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Upper Godawari 1048000 78000 26000 5592000 840000 641000

2 Pravara 141685 13833 24981 371750 186600 104550

3 Mula 146418 14530 18171 357500 154000 108100

North Mah. Total 1336103 106363 69152 6321250 1180600 853650

4 Middle Godawari 805000 163000 222000 NA NA NA

5 Manjra 192183 88217 175005 645500 416500 378050

6 Terna 141000 46000 59000 NA NA NA

7 Lendi 53000 16000 34000 NA NA NA

8 Manar 79000 2000 24000 NA NA NA

9 Dudhana 173000 41000 27000 758000 352000 587000

10 Purna 558000 112000 112000 2018000 1008000 1664000

11 Kayadhu 82304 11317 23662 NA NA NA

12 Sudha 9800 2700 4200 35100 3600 2900

Swarna 3900 1100 1700 5500 600 400

Marathwada Total 2097187 483334 682567 3421500 1776500 2629050

13 Penganga 250808 193233 361659 NA NA NA

14 Pus 26202 19796 43254 NA NA NA

15 Arunawati 74188 47218 68084 NA NA NA

16 Bembla 55000 37000 15000 134000 156000 105000

17 Wardha 166000 115000 236000 707000 732000 525000

18 Venna 75439 37552 79507 NA NA NA

19 Erahi 27000 6000 4000 59000 37000 68000

20 Andhari 64000 9000 27000 291000 376000 376000

21 Naag 10200 4800 22900 NA NA NA

22 Kolar 10900 5200 24500 NA NA NA

23 Kanhan 15900 7500 35600 NA NA NA

24 Pench 6300 3000 14200 85000 14000 17000

25 Wainganga 877795 83906 142476 438900 73750 87780

26 Bagh 115045 2747 675 NA NA NA

27 Gadhavi 40330 1752 336 NA NA NA

28 Khobragadi 4290 1928 1061 NA NA NA

29 Pranhita 25300 2450 6600 NA NA NA

30 Indravati 36665 1181 1661 NA NA NA

Vidarbha Total 1881362 579263 1084513 1191000 1301000 1074000

INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR GODAVARI BASIN IN M AHARASHTRA VOLUME I: INTEGRATED



4.1.13 Annexure 4.13 Agricultural Universities, Colleges, Research Stations & Extension Service centers

S. N. Sub basin Agril. College Unit no.

Agril. School Unit no.

Agril. Research Station Unit no.

Agril. Ext. Training / poly

clinic Unit no.

KVK Unit no.

Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Upper Godawari

8 5 6 125 6 7 25 47 3 0

2 Pravara 2 3 10 25 1 1 2 3 1 1

3 Mula 1 2 5 20 1 1 2 2 1 1

North Mah. Total

11 10 21 170 8 9 29 52 5 2

4 Middle Godawari

7 7 40 40 5 5 6 6 3 3

5 Manjra 2 7 10 70 0 0 2 7 0 0

6 Terna 3 0 7 30 1 1 6 9 2 2

7 Lendi 3 3 7 7 1 1 11 11 2 2

8 Manar 1 1 12 12 3 3 20 20 3 3

9 Dudhana 19 25 27 54 12 20 14 14 4 4

10 Purna 11 15 15 20 11 11 25 40 2 6

11 Kayadhu 1 1 4 4 1 1 0 2 3 3

12 Sudha 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0

Swarna 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marathwada Total

47 59 122 240 34 43 85 110 19 23

13 Penganga 5 5 8 14 5 29 0 29 4 0

14 Pus 2 3 0 3 2 3 0 3 2 3

15 Arunawati 5 2 6 9 2 3 0 3 2 4

16 Bembla 0 2 1 24 1 1 0 22 3 3

17 Wardha 7 9 30 50 2 4 10 45 5 5

18 Venna 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 8 0 2

19 Erahi 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 0

20 Andhari 3 1 2 10 1 1 0 24 1 1

21 Naag 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

22 Kolar 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 0 1

23 Kanhan 0 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 0 1

24 Pench 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 0 1




S. N. Sub basin Agril. College Unit no.

Agril. School Unit no.

Agril. Research Station Unit no.

Agril. Ext. Training / poly

clinic Unit no.

KVK Unit no.

Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

25 Wainganga 0 4 9 12 3 6 6 30 1 1

26 Bagh 0 1 1 10 1 1 3 3 1 1

27 Gadhavi 0 1 0 5 0 1 0 1 0 1

28 Khobragadi 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1

29 Pranhita 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 1 0 1

30 Indravati 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 0 1

Vidarbha Total 24 34 65 166 24 60 31 179 21 28

Total Godawari 82 103 208 576 66 112 145 341 45 53

Note : 1 One AgricultureUniversity : for 50 lakh hectare 2 One Agriculture research center : for 10 lakh hectare 3 One KrishiVidyan Kendra : for 10 lakh hectare 4 One KrishiVidyan Kendra, AgricultureCollege, Clinic & school are assumed for 1 lakh hectare each.




4.1.14 Annexure 4.14 Sub-basin wise Ultimate Irrigation Potential (* GIA means Gross Irrigated Area)

Sr. no.

Sub basin Culti-vable Area (ha)

Present* Irri-gated area (ha)

Ultimate* Irri-gationPoten-

tial(ha) 2030

% Irrigated area (ha)

Gross cropped area (ha) (Including rainfed)

Cropping intensity (%)

Water used for irrigation (Mm3)

Total water

availablefor irrigation Pre-


sent 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 Upper

Godawari 1310471 664361 1642327 39 66 1683203 2475471 144 189 5450

2 Pravara 246000 123466 274000 45 55 275151 502946 112 183 1147

3 Mula 217000 65554 297000 30 65 219629 459645 111 212 811

4 Middle Godawari

1588000 359815 1456000 21 92 1712455 2470500 129 156 4865

5 Manjra 686000 177159 584200 26 53 690700 1113861 125 162 1299

6 Terna 300740 59832 339350 19 60 322925 565212 134 188 1102

7 Lendi 145150 35912 221400 24 77 149614 288200 114 199 688

8 Manar 227380 40217 217500 18 58 223604 375000 110 165 631

9 Dudhana 449102 91300 363535 15 52 612100 704237 158 158 1157

10 Purna 805670 145650 972660 15 72 994975 1352150 131 179 3170

11 Kayadhu 187531 23835 199100 12 65 196148 305790 111 163 808

12 Penganga 968000 149220 1034600 15 65 973596 1602100 113 165 4343

13 Sudha 37953 2919 26400 11 60 26956 43829 128 149 82

Suwarna 354 8650 5 73 7375 11791 106 138 24

14 Pus 144855 7665 144792 5 62 140903 233842 111 161 537

15 Arunawati 359925 14834 346640 4 64 349009 539440 106 150 1261

16 Bembla 249538 21807 208621 9 60 253952 346138 113 139 593

17 Wardha 881484 119869 1315000 13 92 921868 1432484 105 163 3886

18 Venna 381500 65466 413500 20 62 333752 644600 111 174 1890

19 Irahi 83347 7804 86220 12 78 67460 110061 115 188 336




Sr. no.

Sub basin Culti-vable Area (ha)

Present* Irri-gated area (ha)

Ultimate* Irri-gationPoten-

tial(ha) 2030

% Irrigated area (ha)

Gross cropped area (ha) (Including rainfed)

Cropping intensity (%)

Water used for irrigation (Mm3)

Total water

availablefor irrigation Pre-


sent 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 20 Andhari 163733 29413 122769 29 64 100608 190538 127 187 864

21 Nag 47550 13364 85900 23 100 57510 84900 121 180 180

22 Kolar 79570 13319 140880 18 100 72670 140880 130 177 505

23 Kanhan 99230 46815 174800 52 100 90540 174800 118 176 596

24 Pench 25160 5670 44700 25 100 22480 44700 131 178 178

25 Wainganga 849031 230914 1309000 5811

26 Bagh 97838 65119 159200 66 81 99170 196773 123 200 765

27 Gadhavi 47873 18591 88750 45 81 41772 109460 120 228 488

28 Khobragadi 54000 11629 91400 29 83 40244 110683 111 206 460

29 Pranhita 54000 7536 73600 18 74 40755 98955 106 184 480

30 Indravati 53623 4382 64350 12 64 37676 100250 105 184 318

Total 108,41,244 26,23,791 125,06,844 24.56 117 114,33,683 183,64,236 107 172 44,725




4.1.15 Annexure 4.15 Sub basin wise Demographic Details

S.N.

Sub-basin Village

Taluka (Full/P

art)

District (Full/ Part)

Urban Centre Urban Centers

Present Population

Mun. Cor.

Mun Coun

(Population > 10,000)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Upper Godawari

1929 25 4 2 2 31 7083962

2 Pravara 359 8 2 0 3 7 1034680 3 Mula 266 7 2 1 1 1 594782 North

Maharashtra Total

2554 3 6 39 8713424

4 Middle Godawari

2437 40 8 1 16 13 4379241

5 Manjra 850 16 3 0 6 10 2111530 6 Terna 389 8 2 0 2 6 920722 7 Lendi 270 7 2 0 1 0 502643 8 Manar 455 12 3 0 3 1 801067 9 Dudhana 732 14 4 0 4 5 1360976

10 Purna 1316 24 6 1 7 13 2486512 11 Kayadhu 327 -- 3 0 2 2 627611 12 Sudha

Suwarna 96 2 1 0 1 0 145876

Marathwada Total 6872 2 42 50 13336178

13 Penganga 1967 14 6 0 9 10 2445077 14 Pus 190 3 2 0 1 2 425290 15 Arunavati 496 11 2 0 4 12 1099278 16 Bembla 543 10 3 0 3 0 737696 17 Wardha 2282 29 5 1 13 7 2746968 18 Venna 1266 14 3 0 2 5 1266170 19 Erai 200 5 1 1 0 1 456771 20 Andhari 636 10 1 0 1 2 537869 21 Nag 128 4 1 1 0 3 2312264 22 Kolar 191 -- 1 0 4 2 396124 23 Kanhan 233 6 1 0 2 5 363325 24 Pench 61 2 1 0 0 0 36933 25 Wainganga 2083 32 5 0 21 -- 3104369 26 Bagh 424 5 1 0 1 0 609756 27 Gadhavi 204 6 2 0 0 2 176144 28 Khobragadi 248 4 1 0 0 1 126584




S.N.

Sub-basin Village

Taluka (Full/P

art)

District (Full/ Part)

Urban Centre Urban Centers

Present Population

Mun. Cor.

Mun Coun

(Population > 10,000)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

29 Pranhita 376 4 2 0 0 3 230588 30 Indravati 483 5 1 0 0 2 156694

Vidharbha Total 12011 3 61 57 17227900

TOTAL: 21437 8 109 146 39277502




4.1.16 Annexure 4.16 Sub basin wise Land Use in Godavari Basin

Sr.No. Sub-basin Net Sown Area

Fallow Land

Land under

pasture

Miscellaneoius -land

Trees /

Cultivated Area

(3+4+5+6)

Area under Forest

Uncultivated waste area

Wetland under

Submer-gence

Barren land

Urban, Rural,Non

agri. & Industrial

Area

Uncultivated Area

(3+4+5+6)

Total. (7+13)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Upper Godavari

1172363 138108 0 0 1310471 114169 64349 61279 239797 1550268

2 Pravara 216048 20010 9942 246000 36690 26076 2380 37560 1982 104688 350688

3 Mula 176967 15135 24898 217000 35460 3955 6881 25446 1552 73294 290294

A North Maharashtra Region

1565378 173253 9942 24898 1773471 186319 94380 70540 63006 3534 417779 2191250

Pecent 71.44 7.91 0.45 1.14 80.93 8.50 4.31 3.22 2.88 0.16 19.07 14.36

4 Middle Godavari

1328000 160000 100000 1588000 37000 78213 17487 132700 1720700

5 Manjara 431563 89749 14386 150302 686000 6443 8347 21485 825 37100 723100

6 Terna 240610 52430 770 6930 300740 2490 4936 9004 6930 23360 324100

7 Lendi 131310 5780 8060 145150 2940 38436 3544 30155 75075 220225

8 Manar 202630 8770 15980 227380 6240 6325 10545 16010 39120 266500

9 Dudhana 429325 19777 449102 11105 130890 12830 154825 603927

10 Purna 756975 48695 805670 69196 128064 22036 219296 1024966

11 Kayadhu 177363 10168 187531 6806 9554 300 5016 14693 36369 223900

12 Sudha-Suvarna

29999 3628 2812 1514 37953 10562 5056 709 24330 1690 42347 80300

B Marathawada Region

3727775 398997 142008 158746 4427526 152782 404885 93872 85340 23313 760192 5187718





Fallow Land

Land under

pasture


Trees /

Cultivated Area

(3+4+5+6)

Area under Forest


Wetland under

Submer-gence

Barren land

Urban, Rural,Non

agri. & Industrial

Area

Uncultivated Area

(3+4+5+6)

Total. (7+13)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Pecent 71.86 7.69 2.74 3.06 85.35 2.95 7.80 1.81 1.65 0.45 14.65 34.00

13 Penganga 852960 115040 968000 203396 58326 20553 85425 367700 1335700

14 Pus 127658 8080 9117 144855 32244 9719 4056 46019 190874

15 Arunavati 329934 13772 16219 359925 72223 30901 5861 32790 141775 501700

16 Bembla 225205 24333 249538 22149 20511 1102 43762 293300

17 Wardha 784722 96762 881484 117143 137411 2367 109395 366316 1247800

18 Venna 301322 40764 37645 1769 381500 86798 27056 15642 10897 22007 162400 543900

19 Irahi 69939 13408 83347 25208 17760 7816 50784 134131

20 Andhari 133525 30208 163733 199652 22376 4265 26074 252367 416100

21 Nag 47550 24350 7410 3990 47550 6980 11971 179 23510 2820 45460 93010

22 Kolar 55910 13170 6820 3670 79570 4350 7927 1253 6300 19830 99400

23 Kanhan 74320 13680 7300 3930 99230 30350 12969 721 5520 49560 148790

24 Pench 17210 3510 2880 1550 25150 29200 293 29493 53900

25 Wainganga 535539 111209 121244 81039 849031 391000 7094 10892 14343 124456 547785 1396816

26 Bagh 80286 8355 9197 97838 59443 3599 6336 30552 9632 109562 207400

27 Gadhavi 34868 5540 7465 47873 75458 5307 6730 22471 7561 117527 165400

28 Khobragadi 36274 7102 9974 650 54000 100957 1224 2937 6482 111600 165600

29 Pranhita 38430 8715 6163 692 54000 271565 6710 1471 23620 10834 314200 368200

30 Indravati 36050 8788 8408 377 53623 469954 469954 517800





Fallow Land

Land under

pasture


Trees /

Cultivated Area

(3+4+5+6)

Area under Forest


Wetland under

Submer-gence

Barren land

Urban, Rural,Non

agri. & Industrial

Area

Uncultivated Area

(3+4+5+6)

Total. (7+13)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

C Vidharbha Region

3781702 540266 207844 139665 4640247 2198070 379637 90761 382014 195612 3246094 7879821

Pecent 47.99 6.86 2.64 1.77 58.80 27.89 4.82 1.15 4.85 2.48 41.20 51.64

Total Godawary Basin

9074855 1119036 359794 323309 10841244 2537171 878902 255173 530360 222459 4424065 15258789

Pecent 59.47 7.29 2.36 2.12 71.01 16.63 5.76 1.67 3.48 1.46 28.99




5 River System 5.1 River System

Godavari River Basin spreads across the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Union Territory of Pudducherry, draining an area of 3,12,811 sqkm. It is largest river basin in the Peninsular India. Within Maharashtra state, Godavari River Basin drains an area of 1,52,598 sq.km. (i.e. 48.78% of the total Godavari Basin Area).

Godavari River originates in the Western Ghats at Trimbakeshwar (at an altitude of 1067 m in the Brahmagiri ranges), flows eastwards through the Deccan plateau and cuts across the Eastern Ghats to meet the bay of Bengal, after travelling a distance of 1465 km and carrying an annual average runoff of 1,18,000 Mm3 of water. Godavari River, also known as Vriddha Ganga or Dakshin Ganga flows for little more than half its initial distance of 764 km through Maharashtra State, while the rest 701 km through Andhra Pradesh State. It meets the Ganga Sagar or Bay of Bengal at Rajamundri in Andhra Pradesh. Godavari River has 68 major tributaries. Godavari river basin in Maharashtra covers some districts of Northern and Western Maharashtra regions and almost entire area of Marathwada and Vidarbha regions

5.2 Details of Godavari River System in the Maharashtra State

Details can be found in the following table:




Table 5-1: Godavari River System in the Maharashtra State

Sr. No Name of river

Length in Km

Meeting Godavari

in Km

Catchment Area in Sq.

Km

Region/ Sub Basin

Name of river

Length in Km

Meeting Godavari

in Km


Km

Region/ Sub Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 L.B.Tributaries R.B.Tributaries 1 Kashyapi 23 72 Nashik /

Godavari

2 Alandi 21 149 Nashik/ Godavari

3 Darna 100 64 1318 Nashik / Godavari

4 Kadva 91 105 1711 Nashik / Godavari

5 Narangi 43 298 Marathwada/. Godavari

6 Pravara 230 216 6569 Nashik / Godavari

7 Mula 215 2903 Nashik/ Mula 8 Shivna 128 2599 Marathwada/

Godavari

9 Kham 69 868 Marathwada/ Godavari

10 Dhora 54 1233 Nashik / Godavari

11 Galhati 54 453 Marathwada/ Godavari

12 Sindphana 155 415 3994 Marathwada/ Godavari

13 Saraswati 47 325 Marathwada/ Godavari

14 Gunverna 39 161 Marathwada/ Godavari

15 Wan 85 804 Marathwada/ Godavari





Length in Km

Meeting Godavari

in Km


Km

Region/ Sub Basin

Name of river

Length in Km

Meeting Godavari

in Km


Km

Region/ Sub Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 L.B.Tributaries R.B.Tributaries

16 Purna 376 552 10374 Marathwada/ Godavari

17 Dudhana 240 5620 Marathwada/ Purna

-

18 Masoli 58 427 Marathwada/ Godavari

19 Asna 62 1199 Marathwada/ Godavari

20 Kahala 33 413 Marathwada/ Godavari

21 Manjara 258 690 7118 Marathwada/ Godavari

22 Terna 150 Marathwada/ Terna

23 Lendi 80 Marathwada/ Lendi

24 Manar 224 12954 Marathwada/ Manar

25 Sudha 36 552 Marathwada/ Sudha

26 Swarna 21 174 Marathwada/ Swarna

27 Penganga 678 13577 Vidarbha/ Penganga

28 Pus 124 1911 Vidarbha/ Pus

29 Arunavati 112 4688 Vidarbha/ Arunavati

30 Bembla 119 2949 Vidarbha/ Bembla

31 Wardha 538/488 11376 Vidarbha/ Wardha

488 Km in Maharashtra





Length in Km

Meeting Godavari

in Km


Km

Region/ Sub Basin

Name of river

Length in Km

Meeting Godavari

in Km


Km

Region/ Sub Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 L.B.Tributaries R.B.Tributaries

32 Venna 163 5673 Vidarbha/ Venna

33 Erai 104 1341 Vidarbha/ Erai

34 Andhari 111 3858 Vidarbha/ Andhari

35 Nag 56 931 Vidarbha/ Nag

36 Kolar 43 996 Vidarbha/ Kolar

37 Kanhan 113 2504 Vidarbha/ Kanhan

38 Pench 256 /56 577 Vidarbha/ Pench


39 Wainganga 639 / 338

152119 Vidarbha/ Wainganga


40 Bagh 130 1977 Vidarbha/ Bagh

41 Gadhavi 119 1559 Vidarbha/ Gadhavi

42 Khobragadi 81 1829 Vidarbha/ Khobragadi

43 Pranhita 115 992 3682 Vidarbha/ Pranhita Sub Basin

44 Indravati 536 / 131

1040 5407 Vidarbha/ Indravati Sub Basin


Source: Length of rivers and bed gradient as per report of 30 sub basins

INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR GODAVARI BASIN IN MAHARASH TRA VOLUME I: INTEGRATED



5.3 Broad classification of Godavari Basin -

Western Godavari basin – It is the first part of Godavari River originating from Trimbakeshwar to Paithan having a length of 286 Km. (Out of 764 Km. in Maharashtra). Major tributaries in this part up to Paithan i.e. upstream of Jayakwadi dam are Kashyapi, Alandi, Darna, Kadva, Narangi, Pravara, Shivna, Kham and Dhora. Mula River has tributary Mandohal and it joins river Pravara. Adhala is also a tributary of Pravara. It covers 3 sub basins out of 30 sub basins.

Central Godavari basin – It is from below Jayakwadi Dam at Paithan and ends near Naigaon in Nanded district (Maharashtra state Boundary). Total length of Central Godavari basin is 478 Km. It covers 9 sub basins out of 30 sub basins. Sindphana is the major RB tributary in this part. Manjra is the next major tributary of Godavari River in this part, but it meets Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh. Terna, Lendi & Manar rivers are tributaries of Manjra river. Purna river is a major LB tributary of Godavari river.

Eastern Godavari basin – It covers remaining 18 sub basins out of 30 sub basins. These sub basins drain into LB tributaries of Godavari River, which meet the Godavari River in Gadchiroli District. Sudha-Suvarna rivers meet Godavari river in Telangana state.

Kayadhu, Pus and Arunavati rivers are major tributaries of Penganga river, which meet Wardha river. Bembla, Venna and Erai rivers are tributaries of Wardha river which meet Wainganga river. Pench, Kolar and Nag rivers are tributaries of Kanhan river which meet Wainganga river.

Kanhan, Wardha, Andhari, Bagh, Gadhavi and Khobragadi rivers are tributaries of Wainganga river, which meets Pranhita river. Pranhita river meets Godavari river at Sironcha in Gadchiroli district. Indravati river meets Godavari river at Sommur in Gadchiroli district. Godavari river then flows eastwards through Andhra Pradesh and meets the Bay of Bengal.




5.4 Morphological details of rivers Table 5-2: Morphological details of rivers

Sr.No. Name of River Length in km

Average bed gradient

1 2 3 4 1 Upper Godavari 286 1:340 2 Mula 215 1:340 3 Pravara 230 1:380 4 Middle Godavari 453 1:4000 5 Manjara 720 1:520 6 Terna 150 1:610 7 Lendi 80 1:376 8 Manar 162 1:610 9 Dudhana 240 1:500 10 Purna 376 1:700 11 Kayadhu 137 1:810 12 Sudha 36 1:280

12a Swarna 21 1:140 13 Penganga 678 1:1337 14 Pus 124 1:460 15 Arunavati 112 1:570 16 Bembla 119 1:670 17 Wardha 538 1:1300 18 Venna 163 1:610 19 Erai 104 1:980 20 Andhari 111 1:670 21 Nag 56 1:530 22 Kolar 43 1:240 23 Kanhan 113 1:720 24 Pench 256 1:400 - Including MP &

Maharashtra 25 Wainganga 639 1:3000 - Including MP &

Maharashtra 26 Bagh 130 1:980 27 Gadhavi 119 1:600 28 Khobragadi 81 1:370 29 Pranhita 115 1:2460 30 Indravati 536/131 1:920 - Including MP &

Maharashtra Source: Length of rivers and bed gradient as per report of 30 sub basins.

5.5 List of sub basins classified for different purposes

Entire Godavari basin has been divided in different number of sub basins for the following purposes.




5.1.1 Godavari River Dispute Tribunal Award Godavari River Dispute Tribunal has given Award for Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and M.P. states. For the purpose of detailed study, Godavari Basin has been divided in 12 sub basins (G1 to G12) by the Tribunal. However, as far as provisions of the Tribunal Award for the Maharashtra state is concerned, following 10 sub basins of Godavari Basin are only involved.

G1:- Upper Godavari up to confluence of Manjara G2:- Pravara including Mula G3:- Purna including Dudhana G4:- Manjra including Terna, Lendi & Manar G5:- Middle Godavari including Sindphana G7:- Penganga including Kayadhu, Pus and Arunavati G8:- Wardha sub basin includes Bembla, Venna & Erai G9 :- Pranhita sub basin includes Wainganga river with its tributaries Pench, Kolar, Nag, Kanhan, Andhari, Bagh, Gadhavi and Khobragadi G10:- Lower Godavari after its confluence with Pranhita up to sea G11:- Indravati sub basin

5.1.2 Second Water & Irrig ation Commission Report of 1999 The Commission studied the entire Maharashtra which includes Konkan rivers, Krishna basin, Tapi basin, Narmada basin and Godavari basin. Godavari basin covers following nine sub basins:

1. Upper Godavari 2. Lower Godavari 3. Purna (with Dudhana) 4. Manjara 5. Remaining Godavari (Sudha, Swarna) 6. Penganga 7. Wardha 8. Middle Wainganga 9. Lower Wainganga ( Pranhita, Indravati)




Figure 5-1: Line diagram of rivers




5.1.3 Present study for ISWP -

For the ISWP of Godavari basin, Water Resources Department. has done detailed study considering the 30 sub basins as listed below

5.1.3.1 Western Godavari Basin – (North Maharashtra – Nashik Region)

Upper Godavari Pravara Mula

5.1.3.2 Central Godavari Basin – (Marathwada - Aurangabad Region)

Middle Godavari Dudhana Manjra Purna Terna Kayadhu Lendi Sudha-Swarna Manar

5.1.3.3 Eastern Godavari Basin – (Vidarbha – Nagpur & Amravati Regions)

Penganga Pus Arunavati Bembla Wardha Venna Erai Andhari Nag Kolar Kanhan Pench Wainganga Bagh Gadhavi Khobragadi Pranhita Indravati




6 Surface & Ground Water Availability 6.0 Meteorological setup

The catchment area of entire Godavari river from origin to mouth is 3,12,811 sq.km and out of this 1,52,598 sq.km is covered in Maharashtra State. The stream network in its catchment is wide spread in six states. The state wise area distribution is as below: S. No

State Catchment area Percentage

1 2 3 4 Maharashtra * 152598 sq.km 49% Madhya Pradesh(Now M.P. and Chhattisgarh) 26168 sq.km 8% Chhattisgarh 39087 sq.km 13% Orissa 17752 sq.km 6% Karnataka 4406 sq.km 1% Telangana (old Andhra Pradesh) 3200 sq.km 23%

Total 312811 sq.km 100% Source: India Water Resources Information System of India, Govt. of India While the catchment area of 30 sub-basins of Godavari is 1,50,523km2 (*), the revised geographic area of the

Godavari basin as worked out by MRSAC is 1,47,289Km2 (Draft report of MRSAC). The anomaly in the geographic area of the Godavari basin needs to be removed the subsequent revision).

Subsequently the State of Madhya Pradesh was bifurcated into Madhya Pardesh and Chhattisgarh and Similarly State of Andhra Pradesh was bifurcated into Andhra Pradesh and Telanganna States.

Figure 6-1: Godavari Basin

For hydrological assessment, Maharashtra occupied catchment area of Godavari basin is 1,50,523 Km2 (as per MRSAC Report it is 1,47,291Km2.). It is divided in to 30 sub-basins for the purpose of preparing Master Plan. The largest one is Middle Godavari (17394 sq.Km.) whereas the smallest one is Sudha-Suvarna (Both




independent catchments draining separately) (803 sq. km.). The entire Godavari basin has dendritic drainage pattern. The river bed gradient of the 30 main tributaries of Godavari river varies between 1: 4000 (minimum/flat) on main Godavari River in Middle Godavari sub-basin to 1:235 (maximum/Steepest) on Kolar River. The length of entire Godavari River is 1465 km of which 740 km flows within Maharashtra State. The overall gradient of entire Godavari River is 1:1140 whereas it is 1: 780 upto Maharashtra State Boundary i.e. near Nanded. The basin covers forest area spread over 26,808 Sq.Kms. which amounts to 17.56% of total geographic area of Godavari basin but spread in 30 sub-basins.

There are in all 270 standard rain gauges (SRG), 160 Autographic rain gauges (ARG), 69 Full Climatological Stations (FCS) and 99 Gauge discharge sites (GDS) in Godavari basin maintained by HP, IMD, Revenue, WRD etc.

6.1 Hydrometeorology

6.1.1 Rainfall Phenomena 6.1.1.1 Rain Gauge Network The rain gauges are established and maintained by HP, WRD and IMD etc. Very strong and widespread network of hydrological data collection has been established by Hydrology Project, Nashik exclusively for hydrological studies. Out of these, 160 Standard Rain Gauges (SRG), 270 Autographic Rain Gauges (ARG), 69 Full Climatological Station (FCS) and 99 Gauge Discharge Sites (GDS) existing in entire Godavari basin were established and maintained by Hydrology Project in the State as shown in table below.

Table 6-1: Basinwise Meteorological stations network of HP,Nashik

S. N. Name of Basin ARG SRG FCS GD 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nos Nos Nos Nos

1 Godavari 160 270 69 99 2 Tapi 35 48 13 41 3 Narmada - 3 - - 4 Krishna 31 128 45 54 5 west Flowing

Rivers 114 192 26 70

Total 340 641 153 264 Ref: Water Year Book 2012-2013, by Hydrology Project, WRD, Nashik

Data from 309 SRG, 98 ARG and 25 FCS were used in the analysis. The location (Latitude, Longitude, Elevation), type, frequency of observation and data availability period for these rain gauge stations was considered for analysis. Influencing area and its weightage for rain gauge stations was worked out. The details of meteorological stations network are shown in Table 6.2 below.




Table 6-2: Meteorological stations data used for Godavari Basin/sub-basins

Stations maintained by HP Raingauge Stations with IMD /Revenue & University

Raingauge Stations with WRD

Standard

Rainguage

(SRG) Nos

Autographic

Rainguage

(ARG) Nos

Full climetological station

(FCS) Nos

Gauge Discharge Site

GDS Nos

Standard

Rainguage

(SRG) Nos

Autographic

Rainguage

(ARG) Nos


(FCS) Nos

Standard

Rainguage

(SRG) Nos

Autographic

Rainguage

(ARG) Nos


(FCS) Nos

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

184 76 18 62 75 6 2 50 16 5

Note: Thus total Standard Rain Gauges (SRG) 309, Autographic Rain Gauges (ARG)-98, Full Climatological Stations (FCS)-25 and Gauge discharge sites (GDS)-62 of data used.

An exclusive meteorological set up was established under all 30 sub basins by World Bank aided Hydrology Project. It is maintained, operated including data validation and compilation by Chief Engineer, Hydrology Project, Nashik.

Uncommon Data of stations with long series data and unacceptable gaps is excluded.

6.1.2 Rainfall Pattern and Rainfall Distribution The occurrence of water from atmosphere in Godavari basin is mainly in the form of rain, dew and rarely in hails. It occurs from South-west monsoon mostly in June to September. For proper hydrological assessments, the sub-basins were further split up called as Groups, on the basis of long term series data available for GDS & existing irrigation tanks.

6.1.2.1 Annual Rainfall The rainfall data for rain gauge stations as compiled by Hydrology Project & other agencies has been statistically analyzed and summarized for every group in sub-basins. The annual average minimum and maximum average rainfall observed was 422mm and 4407mm in Upper Godavari and Pravara sub-basins whereas the annual average rainfall for entire Godavari basin works out to be 993 mm. The sub-basin wise average annual rainfall, annual maximum and minimum rainfall are evaluated for all 30 sub-basins and presented in Table 6.3 .

Table 6-3: Annual observed station Rainfall in Godavari sub-basins

Sr No

Sub-basin Max mm

Station Min mm

Station Mean mm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Upper Godavari. 4252 Kushegaon 115 Malunja 975 2 Pravara. 4407 Bhandardara 139 Sangamner 771 3 Mula. 4407 Bhandardara 139 Sangamner 854 4 Middle Godavari. 2307 Bhokar 97 Yelamghat 894 5 Manjara. 1767 Tadoba 104 Yelamghat 850 6 Terna. 2456 Karajkheda 227 Makani 924 7 Lendi. 2276 Sundgi 255 Ravankola 1063 8 Manar. 1767 Malegaon 352 Ujani 994 9 Dudhana. 1813 Ranjani 190 Fulambri 827 10 Purna. 3004 Limla 106 * Hingoli 924




Sr No

Sub-basin Max mm

Station Min mm

Station Mean mm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 Kayadhu. 2482 Hadgaon 106 Kalamnuri 1144 12 Penganga. 2508 Mahur 106 * Hingoli 1000 13 Sudha 2804 Umri 107 Tamsa 1320 Swarna 3169 Shivni 334 Shivni 1596

14 Pus. 2508 Mahur 106 * Hingoli 1000 15 Arunavati. 2509 Mahur 106 * Hingoli 1000 16 Bembla. 1746 ChikaniDomga 366 Karanja 943 17 Wardha. 2292 Shirpur 164 Morshi 1032 18 Venna. 2093 Wardha 167 Hinganghat 970 19 Erai. 2183 Tadoba 447 Sakhara R 1217 20 Andhari. - - - - - 21 Nag. 1692 Kuhi 518 Kuhi 1130 22 Kolar. 2748 Kalmeshwar 177 Kalmeshwar 1250 23 Kanhan. 1485 Parseoni 434 Saoner 970 24 Pench. 1485 Parseoni 474 Parseoni 980 25 Wainganga. 3384 Shivni 376 Aksapur 1457 26 Bagh. 2770 Kalisarar 447 Sirpur 1383 27 Gadhavi. 3168 Shivani 624 Gothangaon 1537 28 Khobragadi. 3384 Shivni 654 Korchi 1846 29 Pranhita. 3264 Parsewada 455 Parsewada 1462 30 Indravati. 2597 parsewada 547 Sironcha 1457 Godavari Basin 4407 Bhandardhara 97 Saoner 1033

Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 30 sub-basins of Godavari basin. * Out of 23 Rain gauge stns min Rainfall appears erroneous for 7 influencing stns hence next higher value 106 for

Hingoli is considered.

6.1.2.2 Temporal Distribution Rainfall mainly occurs between June to October. Rest of the months are mostly dry. The annual average minimum and maximum average rainfall observed was 97 mm in Middle Godavari sub basin and 4407 mm in Pravara & Mula sub-basins, whereas the annual mean rainfall for entire Godavari basin works out to be 1033mm.

6.1.2.3 Spatial Distribution Rainfall recorded by rain gauges is a point observation. However rainfall varies in space. This space variation is accounted for by working out weighted average rainfall over the catchment either by Thiessen polygon or Isohytal method.

Thiessen’s Polygon Method.

Thiessen’s polygons for each sub-basin are drawn. The area influenced by every rain gauge station/its weightage are considered. The monthly weighted average rainfalls over the sub-basins are computed & then the annual rainfalls are arrived. The rainfall varies from 516.36 (Mula sub-basin) to 1518.19mm (Khobragadi sub-basin) in the Godavari basin. The average annual rainfall thus worked out for all 30 sub-basins is given in Table 6.4 below. The average annual rainfall entire Godavari basin works out to 947 mm.




Isohytal Method

A location of points on curve with same magnitude of rainfall is termed as isohyet of that rainfall value. These are drawn by interpolating mean rainfall over the sub-basin. It is a tedious process and not used frequently. However it is useful for pictorial presentation and sometimes for comparing the results obtained by Thiessen’s polygon method. The rainfall varies from 557mm (Mula sub-basin) to 1469mm (Khobragadi sub-basin) in the Godavari basin. The average annual rainfall thus worked out for entire Godavari basin is 938mm (Table 6.4).

Special Features i. Stochasticity

In probability theory, a stochastic process, or sometimes random process (widely used) is a collection of random variables, representing the evolution of some system of random values over time. Thus stochasticity is a mathematical process followed analyzing the rainfall data. The annual rainfall generally follows normal distribution as it is sum of random numbers with mean and standard deviation as its derived basic parameter. The annual mean, 50%, 60%, 75%, 90% and 95 % dependable rainfall over Godavari basin by Thiessen’s method are 947 mm, 925 mm, 867 mm, 774 mm, 662 and 581 mm respectively (Table 6.5).

Table 6-4: Sub-basin wise Average Annual Rainfall Distribution

Sub basin

Groups of watersheds Nos

Full or partial watersheds covered nos

Weighted annual Rainfall (Thiessen's Polygon) mm

Max. mm

Min. mm

Mean mm

SD mm

Cv Annual Rainfall (Isohytes) mm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Upper Godavari

6 75 705 1036 501 705 111 0.16 707

Pravara 3 18 621 865 405 621 120 0.19 602 Mula 2 12 516 736 325 516 112 0.22 557 Middle Godavari.

8 83 761 1290 424 761 218 0.29 750

Manjara 3 36 660 1128 333 660 217 0.33 659 Terna 3 16 709 1182 423 709 182 0.26 726 Lendi 3 10 771 1527 364 771 278 0.36 772 Manar 3 8 795 1397 564 795 223 0.28 810 Dudhana. 2 38 715 996 449 715 136 0.19 763 Purna. 4 68 729 1085 494 729 180 0.25 769 Kayadhu. 3 9 879 1496 529 879 281 0.32 900 Penganga.

8 65 848 1205 674 848 180 0.21 -

Sudha - 1 2 825 1710 532 825 268 0.30 - Suvarna 1 1 1596 3169 334 1596 650 0.41 - Pus 3 7 885 - - 885 - - 975 Arunavati 4 25 - - - - - - - Bembla. 2 22 777 1367 500 777 228 0.29 809 Wardha. 4 62 924 1120 595 924 156 0.19 924 Venna. 4 28 914 1341 486 914 211 0.23 940




Sub basin

Groups of watersheds Nos

Full or partial watersheds covered nos

Weighted annual Rainfall (Thiessen's Polygon) mm

Max. mm

Min. mm

Mean mm

SD mm

Cv Annual Rainfall (Isohytes) mm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Irai. 4 11 1040 2096 167 1040 - - 1052 Andhari. 6 24 908 1035 634 908 - - - Nag. 1 5 965 1664 670 965 193 0.20 - Kolar. 1 5 949 2227 189 949 491 0.52 - Kanhan. 3 8 928 1248 565 928 169 0.18 901 Pench. 1 4 938 1485 474 938 223 0.24 - Wainganga

6 79 1226 1841 806 1226 228 0.19 1210

Bagh. 5 13 1302 2208 783 1302 333 0.28 1268 Gadhavi. 2 15 1242 1856 707 1242 235 0.21 1225 Khobragadi

2 12 1518 2459 1087 1518 434 0.29 1459

Pranhita. 3 18 1335 1740 888 1335 252 0.19 1331 Indravati. 5 31 1430 1574 1166 1430 - - 1456 Total 106 810 947 3169 167 947 121 0.26 938 Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 30 sub-basins of Godavari basin. Note: The standard deviation is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation of a set of data values. A

low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be close to the mean of the set, whereas a high standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread out over a wider range of values.

Average annual precipitation; however, do not show the natural year-to-year variability of rainfall that occurs. For this reason the coefficient of variation(CV), expressed as a percentage, is worked out. The higher the CV, the more variable the year-to-year rainfall of a sub-basin/basin is. This statistic considers deviations from averages by taking cognisance of whether the sub-basin has a high or low rainfall, it can be used for relative comparisons of variability between one sub-basin and the next.

The CV of annual precipitation is an index of climatic risk, indicating a likelihood of fluctuations in reservoir storage or crop yield from year to year. Agriculturally it is, perhaps, a more crucial statistic in marginal areas than in either very dry areas, where farming practices have adapted to variability, or in wet areas, where relatively lower inter-annual variability’s are generally expected.




Table 6-5: Sub-basin wise stochasticity of rainfall by Thiessen's method

Sub-basin Average Annual Rainfall Mean 50% 60% 75% 90% 95% mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Upper Godavari.

705 702 681 635 540 515

Pravara. 621 630 575 535 498 433 Mula. 516 495 471 438 386 366 Middle Godavari.

761 734 717 637 478 434

Manjara. 660 575 567 509 423 351 Terna. 709 684 653 588 535 509 Lendi. 771 699 668 582 479 444 Manar. 795 792 724 604 586 576 Dudhana. 715 716 692 632 537 462 Purna. 729 707 633 593 510 502 Kayadhu. 879 833 775 640 541 531 Penganga. 848 820 796 705 589 536 Sudha -Suvarna. 825 825 788 675 608 570

1596 1398 1341 1109 873 681 Pus. 885 840 768 738 579 537 Arunavati. - - - - - - Bembla. 777 722 685 612 531 - Wardha. 924 948 918 836 741 - Venna. 914 946 932 761 665 622 Erai. 1040 1022 975 835 710 - Andhari. 908 - - - - - Nag. 965 997 896 805 751 608 Kolar. 949 1026 824 795 726 421 Kanhan. 928 901 831 686 569 426 Pench. 938 928 886 807 604 478 Wainganga. 1226 1243 1149 1109 1046 892 Bagh. 1302 1151 1120 1052 817 783 Gadhavi. 1242 1300 1200 1050 1000 850 Khobragadi. 1518 1394 1218 1065 911 770 Pranhita. 1335 1363 1322 1229 978 920 Indravati. 1430 1440 1330 1190 990 900 Total 947 925 867 774 662 581 Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 30 sub-basins of Godavari basin.

(ii) Adequacy of Rain Gauge and river gauging ne twork for hydrology

The minimum network density norms adopted (for rain gauge stations) by hydrology project in the state (MW&IC report Volume-III, page 112) are:

Hilly area (1 per 260-390 km2),

Flat and arid area (1 per 520 km2) and

Heavy rainfall area (1per130km2.).

Further as per World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards, (Ref. MW&IC report Volume-I, page 88) the number of automatic rain gauge stations should be at




least 20% of the total number of rain gauge stations. Requirement of FCS/GD stations considered is one per 2500Km2. The Total Geographic area (TGA) of the Godavari basin is 1,52,598 sq.km. Out of this 1,57,258 sq.km is considered as hilly area, but spread in 30 sub-basins.

Therefore, the simple requirement of rain gauge stations and river gauge stations is 324 and 63 as against available 432 and 94 (including 32 tanks) stations respectively. Thus meteorological network is inadequate from rain gauge point view where as it comfortably adequate (including tank gauge data) as far as GDS are considered (Table 6.6).

Table 6-6: Adequacy of Rain gauge Stations

Sub-Basin. Catchment Area *

Available Required Adequacy (+/-) SRG

ARG

FCS

Total

RG ARG

FCS

SRG

ARG

FCS

Sq.km Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos

Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Upper Godavari

15503 32 1 1 34 32 6 7 2 -5 -6

Pravara 3507 8 3 0 11 7 1 1 4 2 -1 Mula 2902 6 2 0 8 6 1 1 2 1 -1 Middle Godavari

17208 40 6 8 54 34 7 7 20 -1 1

Manjara 7231 18 5 0 23 14 3 3 9 2 -3 Terna 3241 15 9 0 24 6 1 1 18 8 -1 Lendi 2010 6 0 2 8 3 1 1 5 -1 1 Manar 2857 4 1 0 5 5 1 1 0 0 -1 Dudhana 6039 15 1 1 17 11 2 2 6 -1 -1 Purna 10250 35 0 4 39 20 4 4 19 -4 0 Kayadhu 2239 6 0 0 6 4 1 1 2 -1 -1 Penganga 13357 19 4 0 23 26 5 5 -3 -1 -5 Sudha -Suvarna

803 6 0 0 6 1 0 0 5 0 0

Pus. 1908 11 0 0 11 4 1 1 7 -1 -1 Arunavati 5017 7 7 0 14 9 2 2 5 5 -2 Bembla 2933 4 2 0 6 6 1 1 0 1 -1 Wardha * 13032 24 3 2 29 25 5 5 4 -2 -3 Venna 5439 1 14 1 16 11 2 2 5 12 -1 Erai 1341 3 0 1 4 2 0 0 2 0 1 Andhari 4161 10 0 0 10 7 1 2 3 -1 -2 Nag. 930 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 Kolar 994 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 Kanhan * 1488 3 0 0 3 3 1 1 0 -1 -1 Pench * 4847 10 0 0 10 9 2 2 1 -2 -2 Wainganga.

13968 12 10 0 22 26 5 5 -4 5 -5

Bagh * 2773 8 0 0 8 5 1 1 3 -1 -1 Gadhavi 1654 1 7 2 10 3 1 1 7 6 1 Khobragadi

1656 1 7 0 8 4 1 1 4 6 -1

Pranhita 3682 0 7 1 8 7 1 1 1 6 0 Indravati 5178 0 9 2 11 10 2 2 1 7 0 Total 158148 309 98 25 432 304 59 61 128 39 -36 Notes: 1. (+Ve Adequate & -ve Inadequate)




*Catchment area includes area of M.P.(M.P. and Chhattisgarh), A.P. (Telangana and Andhra Pradesh) Chhattisgarh etc. from hydrology point of view

Against the required 304 stations, the total existing all types of raingauge stations are 432. Accordingly the overall No. of raingauge stations are adequate. As mentioned above the 20% of required RGS should be ARG. The required ARGs are 59. Against this existing ARG 98 which appears to be adequate, but at sub-basin level this requirement is Inadequate.

The requirement of FCS is each/2500 Sq.Kms. against this the total shortfall in different sub-basins is 36. Owing to GDS requirement of each/2500 Sq.Kms, overall 63 No. of GDS are required in Godavari Basin .This is just

adequate However at sub basin level more number of GDS are required. Instead these 30 Tanks data is used.

Thus meteorological network is thus inadequate from FCS point view where as it is comfortably adequate (including tank gauge data) as far as GDS are considered.




ii. Representativeness of Networks Mean annual weighted average rainfall over the basin by Thiessen Polygon Method and Isohyets method are 947 mm and 938 mm respectively (variation <5% is reasonable and acceptable) establishing the appropriate representativeness of the network

iii. Variability The annual mean rainfall over Entire Godavari basin has mean, STD and CV as 947 mm, 121 mm and 0.26 respectively

Meteorology The Godavari basin experiences a tropical monsoon type of climate, similar to the state. The important factor which influences the climate is the towering presence of the Western Ghats on the western part of the basin, blocking the monsoon bearing winds coming from the Arabian Sea, thus causing rainfall. The onset of the monsoons in the early June gives relief to the scorching summers from the month of March. The climate becomes cold from October end. The rainfall plays an important role in the lives of the people involved in agriculture. Sometimes, the frequency of the

rainfall varies along with harsh climatic conditions in summer months, which add to the woe of the peasants. The total annual rainfall varies in different regions and so does the temperature. The annual rainfall of the basin is 947 mm (State 400 – 6000 mm) and occurs for 3–4 months in a year. Maximum amount of rainfall occurs in the month of July, while the transition towards the colder climatic conditions occurs in the month of

October. More than 80% area of the basin falls in rainfall (about 700 mm) zone. The maximum and minimum temperature recorded in the basin was 49.8 oC and 3.5 oC respectively. The months of March, April and May, experience very high temperatures and climate become very unpleasant. Winter arrives in the month of November and persists till February. The weather is generally pleasant with clear skies and cool gentle wind. The average annual sunshine hours are 7 in the basin. The annual average humidity is 57.65 %. The wind velocity is more in the month of June/July (Approx.5.24 kmph) and full in the months of Nov to Feb. The wind velocity increases up to 117.3kmph. The maximum wind velocity is observed due to Southwest monsoon.

Table 6-7: Cliamtalogical data of Godavari basin.

Details Max. temp

0C

Min. temp

0C

R.Humidity %

Evaporation mm

Windspeed Km/hr

Sunshine hr

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Max. 49.80 N.A. 100.00 2880.00 117.30 13.1 Min. 3.50 1.00 1.00 1653.00 0.00 0.00 Mean 30.86 19.06 57.65 2159.00 5.24 7 Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 30 sub-basins of Godavari basin.

N.A.: Not available

Figure 6-2: FCS station –Pategaon (GV-132)




The average evaporation in the Godavari basin varies from 1653 to 2880 mm with an average of 2159 mm, indicating very high evaporation of surface water in the storages especially during lower depth of storages.

6.1.3 Water Availability Water resources are available both in the form of surface water and groundwater. The details derived about the surface water availability in Godavari basin are as below.

6.1.4 Surface Water Surface water is available through flowing streams, rivers etc. This is used directly or through constructed storages. Surface water flows are time variant as its main source is rainfall. The surface flows are measured in terms of discharge and expressed as inflow volume of water over time.

a) Inflow Data Inflows in different sub-basin are measured both through river gauging stations and irrigation tank storages.

i. River Gauging Station There are in all 62 river gauging stations in 30 sub-basins. Out of which 56 GDS station data is used for RR correlations. In addition to this 32 Projects tank data is considered for RR correlations.

ii. Tank Table Data – Intercepted inflows in upstream projects : There are 35 major,125 medium, 3923 minor state sector (600-250ha), 7878 minor local sector (250 to 101ha) and 10114 minor Zilla Parishad (<100ha) irrigation projects. The inflows tapped at these storages (projects with live storage >0.14 Mm3) are considered in addition to inflows measured at GD sites for analysis.

b) Inflows/Yields i. River Inflow data

Entire Godavari Basin in Maharashtra is divided into 30 sub-basins for surface runoff estimation. The River Gauged data at different stations and the available tank gauged data in each sub-basins is used for establishing Rainfall Runoff relationships. Depending upon number of G&D Stations & availability of tank table data the sub-basins are split up in (106 nos) groups. Group wise R-R equations are then derived to evaluate yields. This was done for the first time in Maharashtra. These are abstracted in Table 6.8

.




Table 6-8: River gauging and tank data used for analysis

Basin Groups

RG Stations used

Tank

Data Use

d

Existing / Completed Tanks Tank inflow data available. Majo

r Mediu

m Minor Majo

r Mediu

m Minor

600-250 ha

< 250 ha

600-

250 ha

< 250 ha

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Upper Godavari.

6 5 1 14 13 92 871 12 9 73 0

Pravara. 3 0 2 1 2 14 5 1 2 4 0 Mula. 2 0 1 1 1 27 10 1 1 12 0 Middle Godavari

8 4 1 1 12 115 2261 1 9 0 0

Manjara. 3 1 1 1 11 82 282 1 11 35 0 Terna. 3 1 2 1 4 53 387 1 3 12 2 Lendi. 3 1 2 1 3 18 133 0 2 1 2 Manar. 3 1 2 1 3 40 196 1 2 5 2 Dudhana. 2 1 0 0 5 30 738 0 0 0 0 Purna. 4 2 1 2 10 82 1122 2 0 0 0 Kayadhu. 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Penganga. 8 7 1 1 11 86 46 1 5 0 0 Sudha -Suvarna.

2 0 1 0 0 8 10 0 0 0 0

Pus. 3 0 3 1 1 15 138 1 1 15 138 Arunavati. 4 0 3 1 4 78 211 1 1 0 0 Bembla. 2 1 0 0 1 10 108 0 1 10 108 Wardha. 4 4 0 2 5 63 1052 2 5 63 105

2 Venna. 4 1 3 2 11 23 296 1 0 0 0 Erai. 4 3 0 0 3 3 55 0 3 0 0 Andhari. 6 3 2 0 3 12 59 0 2 0 0 Nag. 1 1 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 Kolar. 1 1 0 0 5 3 14 0 5 3 0 Kanhan. 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pench. 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 Wainganga.

6 6 0 0 13 3047 *

0 0 13 88 0

Bagh. 5 1 2 3 2 9 955 3 0 0 0 Gadhavi. 2 1 1 1 0 4 363 1 0 0 0 Khobragadi.

2 1 0 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0

Pranhita. 3 2 1 1 0 4 123 0 0 0 0 Indravati 5 4 0 0 0 1 123 0 0 0 0 Godavari 106 56 32 35 125 3923 10114 30 75 326 130

4 Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 30 sub-basins of Godavari basin.

This *3047 includes. EMT+SS MI+KT weirs+ZP MI tanks etc. the fig is as per report of Waingangā sub basin plan.

Runoff Modelling

Efforts were made for more accurate working of the water resource computation by dividing the basin in to 30 sub-basins and further into 106 group of watersheds. These Groups were formed on the basis of long series data available at river gauging/tank data sites, so as to develop maximum possible R-R relationships.

i. Rainfall run-off co-relation: Rainfall run-off co-relation is generally expressed in by a simple regression equation as R = m*P- C Where, R= Inflow from catchment in mm. P= Rainfall over the catchment in mm. m= Slope of line

C= Losses in mm (Evaporation + Infiltration+ other)




Table 6-9: Group/Sub-basin wise Monthly/monsoon regression equations for monsoon months

Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos

Nos of Tank data Used

Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns

June July August September October Monsoon

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Upper

Godavari *

6 5 1 Niphad R=0.26P+8 (0.93)

R=0.72P-70 (0.67)

R=0.52P-31 (0.81)

R=0.45P+4 (0.88)

R=0.51P-3 (0.86)

R=0.44P-26 (0.72)

Nashik R=0.7P-27 (0.93)

R=0.57P-59 (0.62)

R=0.82P-171 (0.86)

R=0.58P-3 (0.6)

R=0.65P-4 (0.92)

R=0.58P-117 (0.59)

Samangaon (B)

R=0.33P-17 (0.68)

R=0.38P-20 (0.93)

R=0.55P-18 (0.90)

R=0.73P-60 (0.73)

R=0.43P (0.57)

R=0.32P+164 (0.66)

Kopargaon

R=0.0P2-0.221 P+18.12 (0.3)

R=0.165P-8.694 (0.18)

R=0.997P-45.05 (0.22)

R=0.756P-46.94 (0.18)

R=0.49P+13.74 (0.11)

R=03835P-66.13 (0.23)

Nagamthan

R=0.35P-10 (0.26)

R=-0.006P2+1.03P+75 (0.12)

R=0.68P+37 (0.21)

R=0.79P+44 (0.19)

R=0.97P+43 (0.25)

R=1.14P-154 (0.59)

Jayakwadi

R=0.31P+7 (0.53)

R=0.53P-21 (0.58)

R=0.48P-15 (0.54)

R=0.56P-25 (0.82)

R=0.21P+6 (0.55)

R=0.34P-46 (0.63)

2 Pravara. 3 0 2 Up to Bhandarda

R = 0.91P- 114 (0.947)

R = 0.99P + 94 (0.691)

R= 1.32P - 16 (0.888)

R = 1.15P + 15 (0.597)

R= 2.2P - 39 (0.292)

R= 1.31P- 550 (0.875)

Bhandarda to

R = 0.15P –

R = 0.33P – 14 (0.65)

R = 0.23P + 6

R = 0.17P + 3 (0.26)

R = 0.13P + 1 (0.38)

R = 0.24P –




Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos


Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ozar 14

(0.65) (0.37) 51

(0.41) 3 Mula. 2 0 1 R =

0.58P - 26 (0.73)

R = 0.97P - 42 (0.604)

R = 0.73P+18 (0.616)

R = 0.34P +3 (0.616)

R = 0.51P - 9 (0.769)

R= 0.66P- 93 (0.51)

4 Middle Godavari.

8 4 1 Gr I &II R=0.21 P-11 (0.57)

R=0.42 P-26 (0.52)

R=0.44 P-27 (0.72)

R=0.35P-12 (0.72)

R=0.51 P-10 (0.67)

R=0.49P-157 (0.68)

Gr III & IV

R=0.11 P-6 (0.45)

R=0.37P- 27 (0.7)

R=0.53 P-39 (0.69)

R=0.29 P (0.52)

R=0.44 P-3 (0.74)

R=0.48P-168 (0.78)

Gr V R=0.08 P-4 (0.74)

R=0.15 P-6 (0.82)

R=0.29 P-26 (0.76)

R=0.25 P (0.7)

R=0.29 P (0.55)

R=0.32 P112 (0.84)

GrVI,VII &VIII

R=0.32 P-28 (0.76)

R=0.52 P-50 (0.86)

R=0.88 P-95 (0.73)

R=0.54P-16 (0.68)

R=0.76 P-1 (0.66)

R=0.85P-353 (0.80)

5 Manjara.

3 1 1 Sub basin

R = 0.13P - 9 (0.63)

R = 0.1P - 6 (0.62)

R = 0.13P- 9(0.63)

R = 0.26P - 16 (0.67)

R = 0.086P - 3 (0.64)

R = 0.14P - 46 (0.60)

6 Terna * 3 1 2 Sub basin

R=0.161*P-10.17 (0.62)

R=0.088*P-4.603(0.76)

R=0.192*P-31.98(0.64)

R=0.46*P-31.98(0.64)

R=0.418*P-6.555(0.65)

7 Lendi * 3 1 2 Sub basin

R=0.085*P-4.279

R=0.199P-14.164(0.85)

R=0.487P-

R=0.22P+1.16(0.28)

R=0.228P-0.902(0.12)




Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos


Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (0.92) 29.182(0.

56) 8 Manar * 3 1 2 Sub

basin R=0.073P-2.687(0.014)

R=0.181P-11.56(0.84)

R=0.327P-14.05(0.56)

R=0.592P-8.383(0.49)

R=0.343P+11.551(0.55)

9 Dudhana

2 1 0 Sub basin

R=0.17P- 11 (0.90)

R=0.12P- 10 (0.74)

R= 0.42P- 50 (0.80)

R= 0.47P - 29 (0.83)

R=0.30P- 10 (0.82)

R=0.58P-31 (0.87)

10 Purna 4 2 1 Gr I R=0.13P - 8 (0.83)

R= 0.12P-8 (0.6)

R= 0.24P - 17 (0.87)

R= 0.20P - 2 (0.83)

R=0.26P-4 (0.83)

R=0.25P- 69 (0.84)

Gr II R=0.13P - 8 (0.83)

R= 0.12P-8 (0.6)

R= 0,24P - 17 (0.87)

R= 0.20P - 2 (0.83)

R= 0.26P - 4 (0.83)

R= 0,25P- 69 (0.84)

Gr III R=0.52P -3 (0.88)

R=0.41P+28 (0.55)

R=0.60P-2 (0.78)

R.-0,73P-5 (0.79)

R=0.60P-1 (0.87)

R=0.86P-159 (0.74)

Gr IV R- 0.37P -27 (0.7)

R= 0.64P-61 (0.72 )

R- 1.08P-103 (0.76)

R=0.89P -3 (0.43)

R = 0.98P -15 (0.63)

R =0.51P+51 (0.26)

11 Kayadhu

3 2 1 Sub basin

R- 0.30P -29 (0.88)

R= 0.73P-97 (0.78 )

R-0. 80 P-93 (0.0.90)

R=0.44 P -9 (0..86)

R = 0.43P -13 (0.77)

R = 0.84P-43 (0.84)

12 Penganga.

8 7 1 Gr I R= 0.06*P

R= 0.13*P-3 (0.71)

R= 0.25*P-7

R= 0.12*P-1 (0.75)

R= 0.15*P-3 (0.86)

R= 0.05P+22




Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos


Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (0.842) (0.79) (0.50)

Gr II R= 0.25*P-25 (0.90)

R=0.19*P-2 (0.0.73)

R= 0.60*P-32 (0.74)

R= 1.26P-47 (0.72)

R=1.61*P-38 (0.78)

R=1.13P-561 (0.74)

Gr III R= 0.30*P-29 (0.88)

R= 0.73*P-97 (0.78)

R= 0.80*P-93 (0.9)

R= 0.44*P-9 (0.86)

R= 0.43*P-13 (0.78)

R= 0.84P-42 (0.84)

Gr IV R=0.67*P-47 (0.817)

R= 0.61*P-15 (0.81)

R= 92*P+70 (0.91)

R= 1.26P+37 (0.80)

R=1.60P-2 (0.85)

R= 1.2P-214 (0.86)

Gr V R= 0.1*P-5 (0.85)

R= 0.55*P-61 (0.84)

R= 0.6*P-42 (0.78)

R= 0.79*P-65 (0.9)

R= 0.23P-4 (0.95)

R= 0.84P-477 (0.86)

Gr VI R= 0.38*P-15 (0.81)

R= 99*P-61 (0.86)

R= 0.58*P-16 (0.67)

R= 0.66P+46 (0.78)

R= 0.55P+8 (0.79)

R= 0.12P-63 (0.72)

Gr VII R= 0.38P-15 (0.81)

R= 0.99P-61 (0.86)

R= 0.59P-16 (0.67)

R= 0.66P+46 (0.78)

R= 0.55P+8 (0.794)

R= 0.12P-63 (0.72)

Gr VIII R= 0.38P-15 (0.81)

R= 0.99P-61 (0.864)

R= 0.59P-16 (0.67)

R= 0.66P+46 (0.78)

R= 0.55P+8 (0.79)

R= 0.12P-63 (0.72)

13 Sudha 2 0 1 Sudha R=0.093 R=0.548P- R=0.594 R=0.784P- R=0.223P2+3.96




Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos


Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 &Suvarna *

P-5.491 (0.79)

60.84 (0.97)

P-65.2 (0.0.94)

65.2 (0.94) 9 (0.86)

Swarna R=0.093P-5.491 (0.79)

R=0.548P2-60.84 (0.97)

R=0.594P-51.7(0.89)

R=0.784P-65.2(0.94)

R=0.17P2+0.11P-1 (0.86)

14 Pus. 3 0 3 Pus1 R= 0.23 P - 5 (0.89)

R= 0.24 P -3 (0.80)

R= 0.42 P - 2 (0.80)

R= 0.51 P - 13 (0.72)

R= 0.42 P - 1 (0.75)

-

Pus2 R= 0.29 P - 30 (0.83)

R= 0.26 P - 14 (0.82)

R= 0.52 P - 45 (0.72)

R= 0.42P - 17 (0.78)

R= 0.38 P - 41 (0.81)

-

Pus3 R= 1.3 P -176 (0.84)

R= 0.778 P – 87 (0.81)

R=1.787P-221 (0.76)

R=1.360P+25 (0.70)

R=2.291P- 47 (0.96)

-

Pus Entire

R= 0.41P - 14 (0.82)

R=0.59P - 60 (0.87)

R=0.74P - 63 (0.88)

R=0.80P - 37 (0.89)

R=0.51 P - 4 (0.91)

-

15 Arunavati.

5 0 3 Adan Project

R = 0.50P - 53

R = 0.26P - 45

R = 0.91P-122

R =0.62P - 24 R = 0.97P - 12 -

Arunavati project

R = 0.31P- 9

R = 0.26P - 339

R = 0.74P- 829

R = 0.76P- 27 R = 0.203P - 1 -

Goki Project

R = 0.06P - 4

R = 0.51P- 98

R = 0.26P-

R = 0.23P- 16 R = 0.06P +1 -




Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos


Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 19

Below Adan & Goki

R = 0.31P- 28

R = 0.85P- 157

R = 1.90P-230

R =6.39P-594 R = 0.50P - 6 -

d/s Arunavati dam

R = 0.31P - 8

R = 0.26P - 33

R = 0.74P - 82

R = 0.76P- 26 R = 0.20P -

16 Bembla. 2 1 0 Up to Bembla

R=0.20 P-11 (0.56)

R=0.18P-12 (0.65)

R=0.38 P-32 (0.62)

R=0.41 P- 13 (0.70)

R=0.14P- 4 (0.67)

R=0.29 P- 53 (0.64)

d/s bembla

R=0.20 P-11 (0.56)

R=0.18P-12 (0.65)

R=0.38 P-32 (0.62)

R=0.41 P- 13 (0.70)

R=0.14P- 4 (0.67)

R=0.29 P- 53 (0.64)

17 Wardha. 4 4 0 GrI R=O.182P-11.396 (0.82)

R = 0.207P – 14.903(0.72)

R =0.236P+ 4.847(0.60)

R =0.383P - 944 (0.65)

R= 0.254P – 4.928(.015) .

-

GrII R= 0.28P- 27 (0.66)

R= 0.93P -151 (0.81)

R = 1.71P - 34 (67)'

R = 1.2P - 29 (0.62)

R = 3.17P + 7(0.54)

-

GrIII R = 0.02P + 1 (0.73)

R = 0.48P - 79(0.77)

R =1.05P - 129 (0.77)

R = 0.02P + 1 (0.63)

R = 0.85P - 18 (0.65)

-

GrIV R = R =0.96P - R = R = 1.52P - 29 R = 1.4929P - 58 -




Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos


Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0.01P + 1 (0.53)

221 (0.58) 1.75P - 323 (0.84)

(0.70) (0.79)

18 Venna. 2 1 1 Bor (Intercepted)

R=0.136*P-4 (0.89)

R= 0.26*P-15 (0.87)

R=0.35*P+13 (0.86)

R=0.58*P-11 (0.92)

R=0.24*P +6 (0.82)

-

Hinganghat (Free catch.)

R=0.77*P – 94 (0.51)

R = 0.36P-37 (0.82)

R=0.20P-11 (0.73)

R=0.71*P-39 (0.83)

R=0.86*P-14 (0.84)

-

19 Irai. 4 3 0 Up to Chargaon

R=0.12*P – 7 (0.57)

R = 0.36P-50 (0.56)

R=0.17*P-2 (0.73)

R=0.10*P-3 (0.48)

R=0.07*P-2 (0.50)

-

Up to Chandai

R=0.64*P – 58 (0.7)

R = 0.71P-54 (0.44)

R=0.98P-148 (0.5)

R=0.87*P-36 (0.48)

R=0.46P-14 (0.81)

-

Up to Erai

R=0.94*P – 25 (0.67)

R = 0.73P-156 (0.80)

R=0.528P-50 (0.49)

R=0.22*P-1 (0.45)

R=0.20P-3 (0.692)

-

Below Erai

R=0.94*P – 25 (0.67)

R = 0.73P-156 (0.80)

R=0.53P-50 (0.49)

R=0.22*P-1 (0.45)

R=0.20P-3(0.69) -

20 Andhari. 6 3 2 Up to Gadbori GD

R=0.19*P – 17 (0.61)

R = 0.6694*P-87 (0.62)

R=0.70*P-21 (0.70)

R=0.58*P-4 (0.63)

R=0.73P-6 (0.68) -

Upto Asola mendha

R=1.11*P – 60 (0.62)

R =7.42*P-1305 (0.67)

R=5.08*P-231 (0.73)

R=5.93P-216 (0.60)

R=2.76P+11 (0.60)

-




Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos


Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Up to Rajoli

R=0.02*P – 2 (0.68)

R = 0.05*P-6 (0.60)

R=0.06*P-5 (0.71)

R=0.05*P+1 (0.61)

R=0.074*P (.83) -

With Ghodazari

R=0.240*P –7.999(0.63)

R =0.539*P-78 (0.60)

R=0.54*P-31 (0.62)

R=1.45*P-288 (0.68)

R=0.684*P-15.685 (0.70)

-

Nandgur G&D

R=0.217*P –24.358(0.63)

R = 0.432*P-66.385 (0.62)

R=0.62*P-65.338 (0.61)

R=0.314P+3.559 (0.66)

R=0.448P-5.826 (0.64)

-

Rest of Andhari

R=0.22*P –24 (0.63)

R = 0.43*P-63(0.62)

R=0.62*P-63 (0.61)

R=0.31*P+4 (0.66)

R=0.45*P-6 (0.64)

-

21 Nag. 1 1 0 Kanhan for Nag

R=0.23*P –1 (0.81)

R=0.32*P –3 (0.90)

R=0.51*P –5 (0.87)

R=0.52*P +1(0.91)

R=0.20P2+0.38 P10+2 (0.78)

-

22 Kolar. 1 1 0 Ramakona RG

R = 0.23*P-1 (0.81)

R = 0.32*P-3 (0.90)

R = 0.51*P-5 (0.87)

R = 0.52*P+1 (0.91)

R=0.20P2+0.38P-2(0.78)

R = 0.55 P – 187

23 Kanhan. 3 2 0 Ramakona RG

R = 0.23P - 1 (0.81)

R =0.32P – 3 (0.90)

R = 0.51P+ 5 (0.87)

R = 0.52P+ 1 (0.91)

R= 0.20P+0.38 P-2 (0.78)

R =0.55P-187

24 Pench. 2 0 1 Nawegaon khairy

R = 0.12P-1 (0.85)

R = 0.35P-3 (0.83)

R = 0.85*P-13 (0.94)

R =0.57*P (0.93)

R= 0.03P+0.35 (0.89)

N.Khairy R = R = 0.35*P- R = R = 0.57*P R=0.03P+0.35P




Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos


Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (d/sTotladoh)

0.12*P (0.85)

3(0.83) 0.85*P-13 (0.94)

(0.93) (0.89)

25 Wainganga.

6 6 0 Kardha R= 0.15*P -8 (0.47)

R= 0.85*P -183 (0.64)

R= 0.89P -112 (0.61)

R= 0.73P -11 (0.75)

R=0.74P – 4 (0.87)

R= 0.69P -277 (0.93)

Pawani R= 0.065*P -2.315 (0.67)

R= 0.188P -13.89 (0.64)

R=0.235P + 7.616(0.54)

R= 0.567P -16.18(0.72)

R= 0.301P + 3.925(0.68)

R= 0.562P-362 (0.72)

Lakhandur

R= 0.36*P -94 (0.71)

R= 0.64P -131 (0.67)

R=P -199 (0.73)

R= P -57(0.65)

R= 0.39P +6 (0.7)

R=0.60P -250 (0.89)

Bamni R= 0.70*P -152 (0.99)

R= 0.85*P -54 (0.36)

R= 0.55*P + 68 (0.53)

R= 0.76*P +4 (0.93)

R=-0.003P2+ 0.13P+109(1)

R=0.53P+195 (0.84)

Bhimkund

R= 1.44*P -329 (0.86)

R= 0.52*P -18 (0.75)

R= 1.25P -239 (0.66)

R= 1.06P +76 (0.53)

R=0.42P+28 (0.51)

R=1.02P -418 (0.81)

Ashti R= 0.11*P -15 (0.63)

R= 0.25*P -12 (0.64)

R= 0.48*P -88 (0.75)

R= 0.55*P (0.57)

R=0.29* P+ 9 (0.74)

R=0.68*P -497 (0.8)

26 Bagh. 5 1 2 Up to R = R = 0.45P - R = R =0.81P-44 R = 0.57P - 1 -




Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos


Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sirpur 0.30P -

31 (0.73)

49 (0.79) 0.77P-109 (0.70)

(0.72) (0.65)

Up to Kalisarar

R = 0.15P - 17 (0.69)

R = 0.47P - 78 (0.85)

R = 0.90P-172 (0.82)

R = 0.72P-42 (0.71)

R = 0.43P - 5 (0.62)

-

Up to Pipariya

R = 0.11P - 13 (0.65)

R = 0.20P - 29 (0.61)

R = 0.52P-101 (0.62)

R = 0.45P-14 (0.75)

R = 0.39P + 1 (0.65)

-

Eastern Bagh d/s Piparia

R = 0.11P - 13 (0.65)

R = 0.2P - 29 (0.61)

R = 0.52P - 101 (0.62)

R = 0.45P - 14(0.75)

R = 0.39P + 1 (0.65)

-

Remaining Catchment

R = 0.30P - 30 (0.73)

R = 0.45P - 49 (0.79)

R = 0.77P-109 (0.70)

R = 0.81P-44 (0.72)

R = 0.57P - 1 (0.65)

-

27 Gadhavi.

2 1 1 Up to Itiadoh

R = 0.16P - 6 (0.60)

R = 0.60P - 97 (0.75)

R = 0.661P-62 (0.55)

R = 0.98P- 38 (0.52)

R = 0.56P + 5 (0.30)

R =0.52P - 111 (0.82)

Below Itiadoh

R = 0.12*P – 15 ( 0.7627)

R = 0.70P- 186 (0.67)

R = 0.81P-150 (0.68)

R = 0.38P+13 (0.36)

R = 0.12*P + 9 (0.42)

R=0.47*P-223 (0.68)

28 Khobrag 2 1 0 Up to R = R = 0.34P- R = R = 0.60*P - R = -0.011*P2+ R=0.37*P




Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos


Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 adi. Magdatol

a 0.16*P – 32 (0.54)

57 (0.65) 0.74*P – 172(0.72)

44 (0.73) 1.61P-22 (0.56) -138 (0.93)

Below Magdatola

R = 0.16*P – 32 (0.54)

R = 0.34P- 57(0.65)

R = 0.74*P – 172 (72)

R = 0.60*P -44 (0.73)

R = -0.01*P2+ 1.61P-22(0.56)

R=0.37*P-138(0.93)

29 Pranhita.

3 2 1 Bori GDS on Dina river

R = 0.29*P – 28 (0.59)

R = 0.63P- 121 (0.73)

R = 0.98P-230 (0.32)

R = 0.66P-44 (0.72)

R = 0.58P -23 (0.45)

R=0.59P-318 (0.94)

Parsewada GDS

R = 0.29P – 28 (0.59)

R = 0.63P- 121 (0.73)

R = P – 230 . (0.32)

R = 0.7*P -44 (0.72)

R = 0.59*P -23 (0.45)

R=0.59*P -318 (0.94)

Remaining catchment

R = 0.29*P – 28 (0.59)

R = 0.63P- 121 (0.73)

R = 0.98P-230 (0.32)

R = 0.65P-44 (0.72)

R = 0.58*P-23 (0.45)

R=0.59P -318 (0.94)

30 Indravati.

5 4 0 Up to Petta GDS

R=1.19 *P -203 (0.61)

R = 1.12 *P -188 (0.72)

R=2.44P-508 (0.63)

R=1.50*P -11 ( 0.72)

R=1.62*P +6 (0.65)

-

Bhamragad GDS

R=0.49*P -71 (0.78)

R = 1.29*P -133 (0.66)

R=1.59*P -96 (0.64)

R=0.37P+334 (0.72)

R=0.80*P +57 (0.75)

-

Up to GD Damrenc

R=0.14*P -10

R =1.24*P -54 (0.60)

R=0.23*P -46

R=0.12*P -5 (0.71)

R=0.13*P -3 (0.67)

-




Sr. No

Sub-basin

Group of watersheds

Nos

RG Stationused

Nos


Group Data

Considered for

deriving Equatio

ns


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ha (0.73) (0.63) Up to Dechali GD

R=0.14*P -10 (0.73)

R =1.24*P -54 (0.60)

R=0.23*P -46 (0.63)

R=0.12*P -5 (0.71)

R=0.13*P -3 (0.67)

-

Remaining Catchment

R=0.14*P -10 (0.73)

R =1.24*P -54 (0.60)

R=0.24*P -46 (0.63)

R=0.12*P -5 (0.71)

R=0.13*P -3 (0.67)

-

Godavari

106 56 30

Note: In case of some sub-basins R-R equations were prepared for fortnight basis. * As per Revised vetting report by CE (Hydrology). Monsoon equations were not available in case of some sub-basins. Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 30 sub-basins of Godavari basin.




Each group wise R-R Models are developed and used further for estimation of present yield values. The weighted monthly average rainfalls for all these groups, worked out by Thiessen Polygon method are used for longer period of data availability. The monthly/monsoon regression equations for monsoon months and monsoon are established which are tabulated Table 6.2.3 below.

d) Post Monsoon Flow

The runoff from November to May is considered as post monsoon runoff. It is added in the monsoon yields to get annual yield.

Four sub-basins are observed to have meagre PM flow. In nine sub-basins the PM flow is considered based on gauged discharges. In 13 sub-basins the PM flow is derived from the rainfall in the post monsoon months. In 3 sub-basins the PM flow is based on PM equations. For Bagh sub-basin the PM flow is considered as 3%.

It is seen that the maximum PM Value is 10% for Andhari & Erai Sub-basins and are Rainfall based. Minimum PM flow considered for Upper Godavari, Pus & Arunavati sub basins is zero. The overall PM flow for entire Godavari is 2.9%. Sub-basin wise details are as below (Table 6.10).

Table 6-10: Post monsoon flow

Sr. No.

Sub basins Nos % PM Flow Derived from Max Min Mean

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Pravara, Mula, Manjara, Terna, Lendi,

Manar, BemblaErai, Andhari, Gadhavi, Khobragadi, Pranhita, Indravati

13 10 1.4 3.9 Rainfall

2 Kolar, Kanhan, Wainganga, Pench, Nag, Wardha, Purna, Dudhana, Middle Godavari

9 7.2 1.5 3.4 Observed G&D Runoff

3 Kayadhu, Penganga, Venna 3 7 2.3 4.3 PM Eqn. 4 Bagh 1 3 3 3 Adhoc 5 Upper Godavari,Sudha-

Swarna,Pus,Arunavati 4 0 0 0 No PM Flow

Godavari Total 30 10 0 2.9 Source: Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 30 sub-basins of Godavari basin. Remarks: There is need to standardize the procedure of deriving the post monsoon flows.

6.1.4.1 Estimation of Yield Present Estimation

Total catchment area of Godavari basin was divided into 30 sub-basins and further into 106 groups of watersheds. The Monthly linear R-R models are generated for every group. Using these equations the sub-basin wise runoff series are developed along with post monsoon yields & sub-basin wise gross yields / respective yield rates for 40%, 50%, 60%, 75%, 90% dependability & mean value were worked out to get total runoff for entire Godavari basin (Table 6.11) below. In order to get Annual yield of the entire Godavari basin all sub-basin catchment wise yield values are added.




Table 6-11: Sub-basin wise present Annual yields arrived for Godavari Basin

Sub-basin Catchment area

Derived Dependable yield

Sq.Kms. 40% 50% 75% 90% Mean

Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Upper Godavari

16513 5057 4761 4112 3449 4964

Pravara 3507 1285 1166 876 790 1203

Mula 2903 1118 1006 785 748 985

Middle Godavari

17482 4199 3628 2720 1710 4091

Manjara 7118 1434 1207 758 430 1285

Terna 3171 402 371 274 196 397

+ Lendi 2189 465 403 316 139 425

Manar 2496 526 410 247 222 427

= Dudh na 5620 682 577 398 231 610

Purna 10374 2752 2321 1829 1592 2682

Kayadhu 2180 672 538 333 182 607

Penganga 13577 7098 6990 5167 4091 6554

Sudha -Suvarna

726 291 253 171 125 279

Pus 1867 724 629 428 296 668

Arunavati 4688 1460 1229 785 146 1598

Bembla 2949 455 383 272 210 430

# Wardha 11376 4491 3768 3074 2030 4070

Venna 5673 1564 1487 1131 890 1496

Erai 942 425 401 272 215 391

Andhari 3785 3141 2641 1615 796 2678

Nag. 931 283 267 232 191 282

& Kolar 996 340 285 245 187 325

$ Kanhan 1488 393 384 322 232 402

* Pench 574 219 192 136 101 206

@ Wainganga 13711 6852 6455 5717 5405 6578

% Bagh 1977 1031 934 743 585 984

Gadhavi 1558 790 771 559 469 754

Khobragadi 1851 807 784 688 581 872

Pranhita 3555 1925 1911 1425 1030 1797

Indravati 5345 3789 3648 2977 2439 3717

Total 151122 54670 49800 38607 29708 51757




Source: 1. Reports on Integrated Water Resource Development and Management of 30 sub-basins of Godavari basin. 2. Catchment area in column no. 2 is the catchment area for Hydrological Assessment. Note : The hydrology of sub-basins like Pench, Kanhan, Wainganga, Bagh and Wardha has been worked out considering

catchments area which partly falls in MP/Chhattisgarh. The yields are therefore need to be considered, which are subjected to water allocated to MP/Chhattisgarh.

Area of Godavari basin thus worked out is of area falling within Maharashtra state. * Pench sub basin :- The yields & area shown are from Maharashtra State only. Total yield from origin to the confluence

with Kanhan river is 1285 Mm3 . As per aggreement between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra dated 18/12/ 1968 the share of Maharashtra beyond 2000 is limited to 985 Mm3.(25+5) x 28.315+135.5)=984. 95 Mm3.

# Wardha Sub basin :- Total area of wardha sub basin is 13032 Sq.Kms. Out of which 11376 is for Maharashtra State , 1368 Sq.Kms is for MP & 288 Sq.Kms is for AP. Yields now shown are from Maharashtra State Only. 75% dependable yield for total Wardha sub basin which is vetted by Hydrology Project, Nashik is 3521 Mm3 and 75% dependability of area in Maharashtra is 3074 Mm3. This figure is also vetted by Hydrology Project, Nashik in chapter 6 table 6.3 (ii). As per GWDT MP can use (9+1) =10 TMC (283 Mm3)of water. As per present calculation MP Yld (at 75 % dep) is 180.9 Mm3 which is < 10 TMC. So no additional water will be available for MS from MP area. Yield From AP area is 116.7 Mm3.The AP can use all remaining water after MS & MP stipulated Use.

$ Kanhan Sub basin :- For Kanhan the CA up to Maharashtra State -Madhya Pradesh border is 4100 sq kms & that below border is 1488 sq kms. The yield calculated is for 1488 Sq.Kms. As per GWDT all waters from Maharashtra area can be used by MS. In addition to above yield (322.15Mm3) MP has to release 15 TMC ( 424.8 Mm3) of regulated flows (15th Oct to 30th June) for MS use. Accordingly MS Can Use 322.15+424.8 = 746.95 MM3 at 75% dependability.

@ Wainganga Sub basin :- For Wainganga the CA up to Maharashtra State -Madhya Pradesh border is 22337 sq kms & that below border is 13711 sq kms. The yield calculated as 5717 Mm3 (75% Dep) is for 13711 Sq.Kms. As per GWDTA Maharashtra can use all waters up to Gosikhurd & up to specified Locations mentioned in award. In addition MP has to release 15 TMC (424.8 Mm3) of regulated flow (15th Oct to 30th June) from their Storages.

% Bagh Sub basin:- Total catchment area of Bagh is 2783 Sq.Kms. & that of Maharashtra State is 1977 Sq.Kms.Corosponding Yield for MS area is shown in table. 75% dependable yield of whole sub basin which is vetted by Hydrology Project, Nashik is 1046 Mm3. The yields shown in table are for area in Maharashtra and is calculated on pro-rata basis.

& Kolar sub basin :- The 75% dependable yield which is vetted by Hydrology Project, Nashik is 238 Mm3. This yield does not include post monsoon flow. After addition of post mansoon flow the yield works out to 245 Mm3.

+ Lendi sub basin :- The 75% dependable yield of Lendi sub basin which is vetted by Chief Engineer, Hydrology Project, Nashik is 180 Mm3. - However while according sanction to the Lendi project the yield upto Lendi project is calculated as 230.35 Mm3. Which works out to 0.1216 Mm3 / sqm. considering this rate the yield of sub basin works out to 316 Mm3.

= Dhudhna sub basin :- The 75% dependable yield of Dudhna sub basin which is vetted by Chief Engineer, Hydrology Project, Nashik is 348 Mm3. - However while according sanction to the Lower Dudhna project the yield upto Lower Duhdna project is calculated as 288.31 Mm3. Which works out to 0.0709 Mm3 / sqm. considering this rate the yield of sub basin works out to 398 Mm3.

Previous Estimation

The systematic Group of watershed/sub-basin level hydrological studies of 30 sub-basins were carried out for the 1st time. Estimations by a) GWT Award, b) WRD Planning, c) Tribunal/committees-1980, d) Irrigation commission-1962, e) National Irrigation commission -1972 / CWC & f) Maharashtra Water and Irrigation Commission Report, 1999/ Sinchan Ayog-1999 were compared with present values at 40%, 50%, 75%, 90%, & mean dependability’s.(Table 6.12).




Table 6-12: Comparison * of previous estimations and present estimation of yields

Sr. No.

Name of Sub -basin

Maharashtra Irrigation

Commission

National Irrigation

Commission

Tribun als/ Committees

Water Resource

Department

Godavari basin -Master Plan

Y-1962 Y-1972

Y-1972

Y-1979

Y-1979

Y-1998

Y-1998

Y-2014

Dependability -->

75% 75% 50% 75% 50% 75% 50% 40% 50% 75% 90% Mean

Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Upper Godavari

31,795 37,830 15,147 20,159

1.1 Excluding (Mula & Pravara)

3594 4576 5057 4761 4112 3449 4964

1.2 Mula & Pravara

1648 2141

a Pravara. 1285 1166 876 790 1203 b Mula. 1118 1006 785 748 985 2 Lower

Godavari (D/s of Paithan)

2703 3878

a Middle Godavari

4199 3628 2720 1710 4091

b Lendi 465 403 316 139 425 c Manar 526 410 247 222 427 3 Purna Incl.

Dudhna 2094 2988

a Purna 2752 2321 1829 1592 2682 b Dudhana 682 577 398 231 610 4 Manjra 1488 2598 a Manjara 1434 1207 758 430 1285 b Terna

402 371 274 196 397




Sr. No.

Name of Sub -basin


Commission

National Irrigation

Commission


Water Resource

Department


Y-1962 Y-1972

Y-1972

Y-1979

Y-1979

Y-1998

Y-1998

Y-2014

Dependability -->

75% 75% 50% 75% 50% 75% 50% 40% 50% 75% 90% Mean

Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

5 Godavari Sudha -Suvarna

135 216 291 253 171 125 279

6 Painganga 3,879 5,153 4584 6417 a Kayadhu 672 538 333 182 607 b Penganga 7098 6990 5167 4091 6554 c Pus 724 629 428 296 668 d Arunavati 1460 1229 785 146 1598 7 Wardha 4,671 6,201 4177 5067 a Wardha 4491.3 3768 3074 2030.2 4070 b Venna 1564 1487 1131 890 1496 c Bembla 455 383 272 210 430 d Erai 425 401 272 215 391 8 Middle

Wainganga 14,128 18,771 8328 9985

a Nag. 283.0 267.0 232.0 191.0 282.0 b Kolar. 340.0 285.0 245.0 187.0 325.0 c Kanhan. 393.0 384.0 322.0 232.0 402.0 d Pench. 219.08 191.85 135.5 101.25 205.94 e Wainganga. 6852.0 6455.0 5717.0 5405.0 6578.0 f Bagh. 1030.7 934.16 743.33 585.36 983.88 g Gadhavi. 790.0 771.0 559.0 469.0 754.0 h Khobragadi. 807.0 784.0 688.0 581.0 872.0 i Andhari 3141.0 2641.0 1615.0 796.0 2678.0 9 Lower

wainganga 5033 6055

a Wainganga-Pranhita

1925 1911 1425 1030 1797

b Inchampalli 113 150 221 243




Sr. No.

Name of Sub -basin


Commission

National Irrigation

Commission


Water Resource

Department


Y-1962 Y-1972

Y-1972

Y-1979

Y-1979

Y-1998

Y-1998

Y-2014

Dependability -->

75% 75% 50% 75% 50% 75% 50% 40% 50% 75% 90% Mean

Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

c Indrawati 2831 3766 3295 3624 3789 3648 2977 2439 3717 Total 31795 37830 37825 50284 37300 47708 54670 49800 38607 29708 51757 Note : 1. Col. No. 3 to 9 data referred from -Maharashtra Water and Irrigation Commission Report Vol-III, Table 2.8.3 Page No.137 Col. No. 10 to 14 data referred from Integrated Water Resources Development and Management Plans of 30 Godavari sub-basins

Sr. No.

Basin Dependable yield Y-1962 Mm3

Y-1972 Mm3

Y-1979 Mm3

Y-1998 Mm3

Y-2014 Mm3

Remarks Compared with Y-1998

1 Godavari 75% 31795 37830 37825 37300 38561 3% increase 50% 50284 47708 49778 4% increase Note: *This comparison shows the micro level approach being adopted as and when the revised yield studies are conducted. This comparison only provides general idea of

the surface water yield observed during the different studies and do not reflect true comparison. The reason being they are based on different base data/yield series considered/method of yield calculations adopted.




Yield rates

For simplicity and general use the corresponding yield rates of 30 sub-basins of Godavari basin at different dependability are worked out as given in Table 6.13.

Table 6-13: Annual yield rates derived for Godavari sub-basins

Sub basin Catchment area Derived yield rates per sq.km. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 40% 50% 75% 90% Mean Sq.Kms. Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

Upper Godavari. 16513 0.31 0.29 0.25 0.21 0.30 Pravara. 3507 0.37 0.33 0.25 0.23 0.34 Mula. 2903 0.39 0.35 0.27 0.26 0.34 Middle Godavari.

17482 0.24 0.21 0.16 0.10 0.23

Manjara. 7118 0.20 0.17 0.11 0.06 0.18 Terna. 3171 0.13 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.13 Lendi. 2189 0.21 0.18 0.14 0.06 0.15 Manar. 2496 0.21 0.16 0.10 0.09 0.17 Dudhana. 5620 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.11 Purna. 10374 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.15 0.26 Kayadhu. 2179.84 0.31 0.25 0.15 0.08 0.28 Penganga. 13577 0.52 0.51 0.38 0.30 0.48 Sudha -Suvarna 726 0.40 0.35 0.24 0.17 0.38 Pus. 1867 0.39 0.34 0.23 0.16 0.36 Arunavati. 4688 0.31 0.26 0.17 0.03 0.34 Bemb la. 2949 0.15 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.15 Wardha. 11376 0.39 0.34 0.28 0.18 0.37 Venna. 5673 0.28 0.26 0.20 0.16 0.26 Erai. 942 0.45 0.43 0.29 0.23 0.42 Andhari. 3784.88 0.83 0.70 0.43 0.21 0.71 Nag. 931 0.30 0.29 0.25 0.21 0.30 Kolar. 996 0.34 0.28 0.24 0.19 0.32 Kanhan. 1488 0.26 0.26 0.22 0.16 0.27 Pench. 574 0.38 0.33 0.24 0.18 0.36 Wainganga. 13711 0.50 0.47 0.42 0.39 0.48 Bagh. 1977 0.52 0.47 0.38 0.30 0.50 Gadhavi. 1558 0.51 0.49 0.36 0.30 0.48 Khobragadi. 1851 0.44 0.42 0.37 0.31 0.47 Pranhita. 3555 0.54 0.54 0.40 0.29 0.51 Indravati. 5345 0.71 0.68 0.56 0.46 0.70 Total 151122 0.366 0.331 0.250 0.188 0.345 Note : Catchment area in column no. 2 is the catchment area for Hydrological Assessment

6.1.4.2 Conclusion for entire Godavari basin The equation for Dependability Vs Dependable yield works out to R= - 510.90*D + 77625 (r2 = 0.996) where D is dependability & R is yield from Godavari basin in Mm3. Similarly the unit yield rate can be obtained for any dependability by using equation.

R = -0.003*D + 0.493 (r^2= 0.996)

Where in D is Dep. & R is Runoff rate in Mm3/Sq km for Godavari basin. Such equations can be derived for each sub-basin.

MRSAC recently provided the revised sub-basin area (draft report), and it was noticed that 20 out of 30 sub-basins have geographic area more than acceptable




limits than originally considered (more than +/-5%) in the assessment of the surface water. Therefore, the surface water assessment is required to be revised. Total geographic area is a parameter directly affecting the quantum of surface water availability. Therefore, there is expected to be substantial changes in the estimation presently carried out.

6.1.5 Ground Water availability Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources on the earth. It plays important role in maintenance of economy, environment and standard of living of any society in the state. In the absence of immediate availability of surface-water sources, a large population depends upon groundwater. It is equally important in a river basin management. It has been the primary source of water-supply for domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes. It is the single largest and most readily available source of irrigation and more than 50% of the total area under irrigation depends upon groundwater. In Maharashtra, a rapid growth of population and the consequent increase in irrigated agriculture, drinking water supplies and industrial needs have focused the attention of concerned to develop new water sources.

Groundwater Scenario in the basin

This basin is occupied by Pre Trappean, Deccan-Trap and Post Trappean geological formatons. In the basin, groundwater occurs under unconfined, semi-confined and confined aquifer condition. The aquifer lies at shallow depth, upto a depth of 15 m to 25 m, mostly in dug-wells in the unconfined aquifer condition. In semi-confined groundwater condition the aquifer lies at the depth of 25 m to 50 m in shallow bore-wells and dug-cum-bore-wells and in confined condition it lies below 50 m mainly in deep bore-wells. In unconfined condition, groundwater occurs in pore spaces interstices, in weathered portion of flows and in the voids occurring in joints and fractures. Weathered vesicular / zeolitic flow also acts as a good aquifer. In semi-confined aquifer condition, the joints and fractures hold groundwater in favourable hydrogeological conditions. The contact of two flows also been found to be groundwater- yielding. In this area, occurrence of groundwater in confined condition and occurs in deep-seated lava-flows and other geological formation in deep-seated interconnected network of joints and fractures below 50 m. In addition to this, contact of two flows despite being a weak-zone also holds groundwater.

Groundwater Availability

The Groundwater Assessment carried out by Groundwater Surveys & Development Agency (GSDA) and CGWB, in the Year 2011-12, watershed-wise recharge, annual gross groundwater draft and groundwater availability.

As per this assessment, total annual groundwater recharge is 17498 Mm3 and net annual groundwater availability (70%) is 12249 Mm3. Annual gross groundwater draft from irrigation- wells, domestic-wells and bore-wells is 8496 Mm3. The allocation for domestic and industrial water-supply needs to be kept reserved based on projected population of year 2025. The remaining quantum of 8656 Mm3 is available for future-use.




Table 6.14 Groundwater Assessment (GEC-97) – 2011-2 012 for the sub-basins of Godavari Basin. Without 70%.

Sr. No.

Sub-basin No. of water-sheds

Geo-graphical

Area Km2

Net Recharge

Draft in Futue Use in Mm3 (6-7)

No. of new Addl.

wells for irrigation

Mm3 Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Upper Godavari 72 15503 2024 1492 540 36000 2 Pravara 17 3507 432 474 42 2800 3 Mula 12 2902 248 160 85 5667 4 Middle Godavari 82 17208 2551 1172 1300 86667 5 Manjra 37 7231 860 609 247 16467 6 Terma 16 3241 383 322 58 3867 7 Lendi 12 2665 202 87 107 7133 8 Manar 14 2857 305 101 217 14467 9 Dudhana 38 6039 629 391 225 15000

10 Purna 68 10250 1409 758 623 41533 11 Kayadhu 9 2239 360 156 196 13067 12 Penganga 66 13357 1455 499 918 61200 13 Sudha-suwarna 3 803 98 25 72 4800 14 Pus 7 1908 187 54 126 8400 15 Arunavati 25 5117 527 127 379 25267 16 Bembla 21 2933 314 130 167 11133 17 Wardha 55 12478 1449 678 744 49600 18 Venna 34 5439 686 268 391 26067 19 Erai 7 1341 111 17 88 5867 20 Andhari 24 4161 371 58 288 19200 21 Nag 5 930 106 50 52 3467 22 Kolar 5 994 132 108 18 1200 23 Kanhan 8 1488 201 88 105 7000 24 Pench 4 539 35 9 24 1600 25 Wainganga 79 13968 1408 431 902 60133 26 Bagh 13 2074 242 64 157 10467 27 Gadhavi 15 1654 180 32 144 9600 28 Khobragadi 10 1656 139 48 88 5867 29 Pranhita 18 3682 252 59 185 12333 30 Indravati 31 5178 201 29 168 11200 TOTAL: 807 152588 17498 8496 8656 577067

Source : Dynamic Groundwater Resources of Maharashtra 2011-12

Ground Water availability

Assessment of Groundwater availability is prepared on watershed as a unit jointly by GSDA, CGWB and NABARD in the State.




Table 6.15: Sub-basin annual yield rates arrived for Godavari b asin

Sr Sub basin Water shed

Catchment area Recharge Draft Future irrigation GSDA MRSAC

Based on GSDA area No

Sq.Kms. Sq.Kms. Ha-m Ha-m Ha-m

Upper

Godavari 72

15509 15264

202370 149218 53955 Pravara. 17 3507 3350 43211 47388 4174 Mula. 12 2902 2829 24791 16026 8515 Middle

Godavari 83

17394 16852

255132 117173 132021 Manjara. 37 7275 7510 86015 60943 24709 Terna. 16 3241 3046 38312 32193 5809 Lendi. 12 2189 1812 38312 32193 5809 Manar. 13 2645 2498 30500 10146 19696 Dudhana. 38 6039 5498 62947 39140 22457 Purna. 68 10275 9858 140948 75830 62304 Kayadhu. 9 2239 2086 36049 15561 19599 Penganga. 66 13352 13156 145466 49912 91834 Sudha-

Suvarna 3

803 774

9762 2470 7174 Pus. 7 1908 1810 18726 5434 12598 Arunavati. 25 5171 4451 52740 12666 37941 Bembla. 21 2684 2925 31353 12976 16748 Wardha. 55 12469 11814 144890 67842 74359 Venna. 34 5364 5471 68641 26843 39142 Erahi. 7 1341 1261 11091 1656 8804 Andhari. 24 4161 3900 37123 5750 28750 Nag. 5 930 889 10637 5016 5190 Kolar. 5 994 751 13185 10795 1842 Kanhan. 8 1488 1636 20055 8793 10519 Pench. 4 539 555 3477 938 2395 Wainganga. 79 13935 13424 140834 43085 90210 Bagh. 13 2074 1906 24198 6412 15651 Gadhavi. 15 1654 1507 17990 3163 14378 Khobragadi. 10 1656 1757 13944 4788 8819 Pranhita. 18 3682 3454 25197 5928 18511 Indravati. 31 5178 5245 20063 2872 16778 Total 807 152598 147291 1767959 873150 860691 Ref: Groundwater assessment by GSDA-2011 and *MRSAC report. During this study it was noticed that 20 out of 30 sub-basins have geographic area more than acceptable limits than originally considered (more than +/-5%) in the assessment of the groundwater. Therefore, the groundwater assessment is required to be revised. Groundwater Survey and Development Agency (GSDA) did not provide the required information. Total geographic area is a parameter directly affecting the quantum of groundwater recharge. Therefore, there is expected to be substantial changes in the groundwater estimation presently carried out. This needs to be revised appropriately in due course of time.

However, in view of ‘safe’ groundwater withdrawal only 70% of net groundwater should be utilized so as to avoid any undesired effect on groundwater potential. As such, utilizable annual groundwater availability would be 3752 Mm3 for future. There is a scope to construct 250142 additional wells in future assuming average yield of 0.015 Mm3 per year.




Table 6.16 : Groundwater Assessment (GEC-97) – 2011-2012 for the sub-basins of Godavari Basin - with 70%

Sr. No.

Sub-basin No. of water-sheds

Geo-graphical

Area Km2

Net Recharge

70% of net groundwater

recharge

Draft in Futue Use in Mm3 (6-7)

No. of new Addl.

wells for irrigation

Mm3 Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Upper Godavari

72 15503 2024 1417 1492 -75 0

2 Pravara 17 3507 432 302 474 -171 0

3 Mula 12 2902 248 174 160 13 889

4 Middle Godavari

82 17208 2526 1768 1172 596 39765

5 Manjra 37 7231 860 602 609 -7 0

6 Terma 16 3241 383 268 322 -54 0

7 Lendi 12 2010 202 141 87 54 3623

8 Manar 14 2857 331 232 101 130 8683

9 Dudhana 38 6039 629 440 391 49 3261

10 Purna 68 10250 1409 986 758 228 15201

11 Kayadhu 9 2239 360 252 156 96 6426

12 Penganga 66 13357 1455 1019 499 519 34625

13 Sudha-suwarna

3 803 98 69 25 44 2928

14 Pus 7 1908 187 131 54 77 5104

15 Arunavati 25 5017 527 369 127 242 16150

16 Bembla 21 2933 314 220 130 90 6003

17 Wardha 55 12478 1449 1014 678 336 22393

18 Venna 34 5439 686 480 268 212 14118

19 Erai 7 1341 111 78 17 61 4077

20 Andhari 24 4161 371 260 58 202 13480

21 Nag 5 930 106 74 50 24 1603

22 Kolar 5 994 132 92 108 -16 0

23 Kanhan 8 1488 201 141 88 53 3518

24 Pench 4 539 35 25 9 15 1009

25 Wainganga 79 13968 1408 986 431 555 36984

26 Bagh 13 2074 242 169 64 105 7019

27 Gadhavi 15 1654 180 126 32 94 6292

28 Khobragadi 10 1656 139 97 48 49 3295

29 Pranhita 18 3682 252 176 59 117 7808

30 Indravati 31 5178 201 141 29 112 7465

TOTAL: 807 152589 17498 12249 8496 3752 250142 Source : Dynamic Groundwater Resources of Maharashtra 2011-12

Groundwater Availability

For estimation of groundwater availability in the basin, 70% of net groundwater availability could also be considered available for extraction, in view of ‘safe’ groundwater withdrawal. Some groundwater is retained in rock naturally and cannot




be available for extraction. As such, groundwater availability estimated would be as below.

Table 6.17 : Groundwater Availability for the basin

Sr. No. Particulars. Groundwater Available. Without 70% With 70% 1 Net groundwater availability. 17498 17498 2 Safe groundwater availability. (70%) -- 12249 3 Groundwater draft. 8496 8496 4 Groundwater reserved for drinking

and Industries. 346 346

5 Groundwater for use – Irrigation. 8656 3752 6 New feasible irrigation-wells.

(0.015 Mm3/well) 577067 250142

7 Area that can be irrigated. 577067 250142 Source:- Groundwater Assessment, (GEC) 2011-12

Data on Well Statistics

There are 950108 irrigation-wells as per the Groundwater Assessment Data of the Year 2011-12. Total drinking-water wells are 12591 and drinking-water bore-wells in use are 89546 in the basin. There are 173 industrial-wells. The average well density is 6 wells per Sq.Km. The maximum well density is 14 wells / Sq.Km. in Pravara sub basin and minimum well density 1 well / sq.Km. is observed in Erai, Pench, Pranhita and Indravati. 726 watersheds are in ‘Safe’ category and water-table trend is rising, both in monsoon and non-monsoon seasons indicating good scope for development of groundwater. There are 49 watersheds in semi critical, 1 critical and 31 are over exploited watersheds and hence there is no scope for groundwater development and is 107% in Pravara sub basin and 15% in Indravati sub basin. The average stage of groundwater development of Godavari basin is 40.5%.

Table 6.18 : Categorization of watersheds in Godavari Basin

Sr. No.

Sub-basins in the Region

No. of safe

water-sheds

No. of semi-critical water-sheds

No. of critical water-sheds

No. of over-exploited

water-sheds

Total No. of water-sheds.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Uppper

Godavsari 48 15 1 8 72

2 Pravara 4 4 0 9 17 3 Mula 9 1 0 2 12 4 Middle

Godavari 79 2 0 1 82

5 Manjra 30 2 0 5 37 6 Terna 7 9 0 0 16 7 Lendi 12 0 0 0 12 8 Manar 14 0 0 0 14 9 Dudhana 33 5 0 0 38 10 Purna 64 3 0 1 68 11 Kayadhu 9 0 0 0 9 12 Sudha-

Swarna 3 0 0 0 3

13 Penganga 64 2 0 0 66 14 Pus 7 0 0 0 7




Sr. No.

Sub-basins in the Region

No. of safe

water-sheds

No. of semi-critical water-sheds

No. of critical water-sheds

No. of over-exploited

water-sheds

Total No. of water-sheds.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 Arunavati 25 0 0 0 25 16 Bembla 18 2 0 1 21 17 Wardha 49 2 0 4 55 18 Venna 34 0 0 0 34 19 Erai 7 0 0 0 7 20 Andhari 24 0 0 0 24 21 Nag 5 0 0 0 5 22 Kolar 5 0 0 0 5 23 Kanhan 8 0 0 0 8 24 Pench 4 0 0 0 4 25 Wainganga 78 1 0 0 79 26 Bagh 12 1 0 0 13 27 Gadhavi 15 0 0 0 15 28 Khobragadi 10 0 0 0 10 29 Pranhita 18 0 0 0 18 30 Indravati 31 0 0 0 31 Total Godavari

Basin 726 49 1 31 807

Source : Dynamic Groundwater Resources of Maharashtra 2011-12

Stage of groundwater development and categorization of units.

The stage of Groundwater Development : Stage of Groundwater = Existing Gross Groundwater Draft for all Uses x 100 Development (%) Net Annual Groundwater Availability. Categorization of Groundwater

Sr. No. Stage of Groundwater Development Category 1 less than 70% Safe 2 between 70 to 90% Semi Critical 3 between 90 To 100% Critical 4 more than 100% Over-exploited

Hydrograph Network Stations. The study the recharge - discharge relation of groundwater hydrograph are fixed. Generally, there are three observation-wells in each watershed representing runoff-zone, recharge zone and storage zone. There are 2451 hydrograph network stations for water-level monitoring in the basin. The exercise of water-level monitoring is carried out four times in a year. In addition to these wells, 305 Piezometers are also being used for water-level monitoring in critical and over exploited watersheds by GSDA and CGWB. Thus the total no. of the hydrograph network stations are 2756. Hydro-geological Maps. The hydro-geological maps of Pre-monsoon depth to water level and post monsoon depth to water level, pre monsoon water table contour map, post monsoon water table contour, water level fluctuation of long term and short term have been prepared on the basis of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon water-level data (Year 2008) from the observation-wells for 30 sub basins of Godavari basin. They are annexed in each sub basin report. The hydrogeological maps pre monsoon depth to water level, pre monsoon water table contour map and water level fluctuation map of Middle Godavari sub basin are annexed as a model for Godavari basin and to get an idea about the groundwater conditions.




Interpretation of Hydro-geological maps : The hydro-geological conditions in the sub-basin of Godavari basin, which emerge from the interpretation of these maps, are described below. The depth to water level maps of pre and post monsoon provide information about groundwater withdrawal from groundwater structures in the areas. It is observed that groundwater ridge and groundwater trough are formed due to local recharge or discharge and due to heavy pumping from the wells. The water table contour maps of pre and post monsoon indicate that the groundwater contour are closely spaced area is having poor recharge and transmisivity of aquifer indicating hard rock and impervious in nature. The water table contour widely spaced indicate that permeable aquifers revealing moderate good groundwater potential. Groundwater trough reflecting heavy extraction of groundwater. The water table contour maps and helps in locating feasible sites and also to decide the dimension of the wells and water level below the ground. The water table countor maps prov ides the information about the flow directions. Water table fluctuation maps indicates the groundwater potential of area. The seasonal fluctuation and long term fluctuation provides the information about permeability of underlying flows which in turn reflects good to moderate groundwater potential. The water level fluctuation high close to watershed boundaries and high topographic elevation. The high fluctuation is indicates that the groundwater potential is poor, moderate fluctuation indicates the groundwater potential of the area is moderate. The low fluctuation indicates the high groundwater potential. The fluctuation may be calculated in the same calendar year or two different calendar years. Groundwater recharge and discharge Out of the total geographic area of 1,47,291sq.km. of the Godavari basin, the groundwater recharge worthy are is 1,23,305 sq.km. (84% of the basin area). The major contribution to the groundwater recharge takes place from direct precipitation. Percolation from surface water bodies, influent seepage from streams, return flow from surface water and groundwater irrigation are the indirect agents of groundwater recharge. The soil conservation and water spreading techniques will have the necessary impact on the groundwater recharge. The recharge to groundwater body is affected by a) heavy concentration of rainfall in short period of time, b) Thin soil cover and poor permeability of the formation and c) Steep topographic gradient and vegetation cover. Discharge of groundwater takes place through extraction of water from irrigation, domestic and other wells, effluent seepage from the major rivers, natural spring and evapotranspiration. The streams are effluent near their origin and further away down side they become influent. As per the observations in Maharashtra State, the recharge components are rainfall 61.15%, canal seepage 6.69%, return flow from surface irrigation 12.55%, return flow from GW irrigation 12.58%, tank & ponds 1.33% and water conservation structures 5.70%. No separate figures are available for Godavari basin. The recharge from surface and GW irrigation accounts for 25% of the total recharge.




Fig: 1: Groundwater Recharge Components

While the micro-irrigation is being advocated strongly for increasing the productivity and irrigation potential, this recharge component will get reduced. Further the state has decided to stop construction of canals to restrict indiscriminate use of water for cash crops like sugarcane and banana, and to increase the State’s irrigation potential. The State’s nearly one-lakh kilometres canal network in Godavari basin is now likely to be converted into a pipeline to aid irrigation, save water, and encourage farmers to adopt drip irrigation. This will further reduce the groundwater recharge component from canal seepage. Therefore the thrust will have to be given to complete watershed development. Watershed development program is completed in 30% of the area of the basin. It needs to be given priority to compensate total recharge from canal, surface and groundwater irrigation (35%) which is due to for conversion into micro irrigation and pipe distribution system. Possibility of Groundwater Recharge. Groundwater recharge is a function of rainfall, geomorphology and geology. This basin is having heterogenity in all the parameters. Hence recharge to groundwater is not uniform in all watersheds, event in all the villages of the area. Based on the total anual groundwater recharge and area of assessment the watershed wise annual replenishable groundwater resources have been computed. The result are communsurate with the field conditions around 22% of watersheds have recharge upto 100 mm, 53% between 100 to 150 mm, 20% between 150 to 200 mm, 3% between 250 to 500 mm and only 1% have recharge of more than 500 mm. Possibility of groundwater recharge has been assessed after interpretation of long-term groundwater fluctuation, static water-level data and nature of geological formation. The study indicates that part of basin is favourable for groundwater recharge. The areas mentioned below are favourable. The catchment area: The areas towards the boundaries of watershed are favourable due to moderate depth of water-table and the occurrence of vesicular flows. The catchment area of the moderately to gently sloping areas where vesicular/zeolitic basalt-flows have encountered are suitable for this purpose. Sand mining affecting groundwater recharge.

Unscrupulous emptying of the river beds besides the main river, tributaries and streams/rivulets are being ravaged for sands continuously unabated at few hundred locations in Godavari basin. Rules and regulations as per the sand mining policy of GOM have to be strictly followed to ensure river morphology and river flows (Sand Mining Policy by GOM dated 12.03.2013). Sand is vital for sustenance of rivers. It acts like a sponge which helps in recharging the water table. If sand and gravel are extracted in quantities higher than the capacity of the river to replenish them, it leads to changes in its channel form and physical




habitats affecting the river ecosystem. Progressive depletion in the water table in the river is accompanied by sinking water table in the nearby areas adversely affecting people’s livelihood. The immediate effect of sand mining is to deplete bank storage which contributes to stream runoff in immediate post monsoon season. This also affects the discharge wells near the riparian zone. However, the recharge from river flow to groundwater away from riparian zone occurs only in case of influent streams. In the basin, the streams are mostly effluent in nature.

Groundwater provinces An area is characterized by general similarity in mode of occurrence distribution and movement of the groundwater. The basin has been divided in to 5 groundwater provinces. 1. Pre-cambrian metamorphic groundwater provinces Consists of hard compact rock highly weathered jointed fracture the secondary porosity has been developed. The groundwater occurrence in the weathered jointed fracture rock under unconfined, semi confined and confined conditions. The yield of the dug well ranges between 52 to 80 M3 per day. The fluctuation ranges between 2 to 8 meters. The wells located on a lineament / shear zones yield ranges from 100 to 180 M3 / per day. 2. Protorozoic sedimentary groundwater provinces : Rock consists of lime stone, sand stone and shale. The groundwater occuring weathered jointed and fracture zones. The groundwater occurs under unconfined, semi confined and confined conditions. The depth of the wells 5 to 15 meters. SWL ranges between 2 to 7 meters. Diameter ranges 3 to 5 meters. Yield varies 50 to 100 m3/day. 3. Gondwana groundwtaer provinces : The groundwater occurs in weathered jointed fracture block faulting of lime stone, sand stone and shale. The groundwater structures are in the form of dug well, tube well and bore wells. The depth of dug well ranges from 10 to 20 meters, water level ranges from 1 to 8 meters. The yield of the tube well ranges between 100 to 300 M3 per day. 4. Deccan Trap volconic groundwater provinces : Heterozenetic and isotraphic conditions no primary porosity being hard compac in nature. The groundwater occurs in weathered jointed fracture rock. The groundwater occur in unconfined in dug wells, semi confined in dug-cum-bore wells and in confined condition in bore wells and deep bore wells. The depth of the wells ranges between 10 to 25 meter. Diameter ranges from 4 to 8 m. Water level ranges from 3 to 7 m. The yield of the well ranges 25 to 100 M3 per day in winter. The yield of the bore wells ranges from 12 m3 to 72 m3. 5. Alluvial groundwater provinces : The alluvial deposits are encountered on the bank of Godavari and its major tributaries. It consists of boulder, pebeles, sand and clay. The clay percentage is more in the Godavari alluvial areas. It is observed that local shallow alluvium in 11 villages Upper Godavari sub basin (Gangapur taluka of Aurangabad district) and in 11 villages in Lendi sub basin (Deglur taluka in Nanded district) is productive and the groundwater occurs in shallow aquifer. The depth of the dug wells ranges between 15 to 25 Meters. The yield of the dug well ranges from 100 to 150 m3/day. The yield of the shallow tube well ranges from 150 to 180 m3/day. The chemical quality of groundwater is generally potable.

Conclusions

i) Average stage of development of groundwater in this sub-basin is 40.50%. ii) There are 2756 hydrograph network stations for water-level monitoring. Average

water-levels range from 8.15 m to 15.50 m in pre-monsoon and 3.15 m to 10.5 m bgl in post-monsoon.

iii) In mid-portion of the sub-basin the existing Pus reservoir seems to be influential as groundwater fluctuation is less in surrounding areas and downstream side areas.

iv) Groundwater-table in north-western part is deep as compared to middle and south-eastern part of sub-basin. Groundwater contours are widely spaced in central part.




v) The watersheds which are hydro-geologically favorable for groundwater occurrence. Most of the areas from these watersheds, except hilly areas, are feasible for construction of new dug-wells.

vi) There shall be one observation well in each of the village of the basin to monitor the groundwater development.

References

1) Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal Award on April 10th, 1969, & July 7, 1980. 2) Hydrogeological Map of India, CGWB, GoI, Second Edition, 1989 3) Hydro geological investigations in part of Nanded district (MS) Ph.D. thesis, Dr. S.M.

Masoom, 1990. 4) Toposheets published by the Surveyor General of India, Dehradun, 1973, 1974, and

1999. 5) Water Resources Planning for Sustainable Development in Maharashtra:

M.M.Sarbhukan, 2001. 6) District wise Ground Water Information (Yavatmal Dist), CGWB, Nagpur, 2007. 7) District wise Ground Water Information (Washim Dist), CGWB, Nagpur, 2007. 8) A national seminar on agriculture and rural drinking water Bhopal, Apri 4 & 5, 2007 -

Effect of sand mining on groundwater reging, Dr. S.M. Masoom. 9) Report on Dynamic groundwater resources of Maharashtra: GSDA, M.S. & CGWB,

Govt. of India, 2007-08. 10) District Social & Economic Review (Washim & Yavatmal Dist.), 2008-09 11) Static Water-level Data of Observation wells from GSDA Pune (M.S), 2001 to 2010.




6.2 Tribunal award

The Government of India, Ministry of Irrigation and Power, constituted Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal on April 10th, 1969, under the Inter State Water Disputes Act, 1956. All the disputes raised by the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh), Orissa and Telangana (Erstwhile Andhra Pradesh) were referred to the tribunal for adjudication. The tribunal headed by Shri. R.S.Bachawat, investigated the matters referred to and forwarded its report to the Government of India on November 27th, 1979 and further report of the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal –Under Section 5(3) of the Inter State Water Disputes Act-1956 was issued in 1980.

Table 6-14: Sub-basins of Godavari basin as per GWDTA

S.N. Sub-basins G-1: Upper Godavari

This sub-basin includes the reach of the river Godavari from its source to its confluence with the Manjra. The sub-basin excludes the catchment areas of the Pravara, the Purna and the Manjra but includes that of all other tributaries which fall in to the Godavari in this reach.

G-2: Pravara This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the Pravara from the source to its confluence with the Godavari including the catchment areas of the Mula and other tributaries of the Pravara.

G-3: Purna This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the Purna and all of its tributaries.

G-4: Manjra This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the Manjra from its source to its confluence with the Godavari including the catchment areas of Terna, the Karanja, the Haldi, the Lendi, the Maner and other tributaries

G-5: Middle Godavari This sub-basin comprises the river Godavari from its confluence with the Manjra to its confluence with the Pranhita. The sub-basin includes the direct catchment of the Godavari in this reach as well as of its tributaries, except the Maner and the Pranhita.

G-6: Maner This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the Maner from its source to its confluence with the Godavari including all its tributaries.

G-7: Penganga This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the Penganga from its source to its confluence with the Wardha with all its tributaries.

G-8: Wardha This sub-basin comprises river Wardha from its source to its confluence with the Wainganga with all its tributaries but excluding the catchment of the Penganga (G-7 above).

G-9: Pranhita This sub-basin comprises the catchments of the river Wainganga from its source to its confluence with Wardhaand the Pranhita upto its confluence With the Godavari. The sub-basin includes all the tributaries of Wainganga and the Pranhita except the Penganga and the Wardha (G-7 and G-8 above). The Wainganga after its confluence with the Wardha is called the Pranhita.

G-10: Lower Godavari This sub-basin consists of the lower part of the river Godavari from its confluence with the Pranhita upto the sea. The sub-basin includes the direct catchment of the Godavari in this reach with all its tributaries except the Indravati and the Sabari (G-11 and G-12 below)

G-11: Indravati




S.N. Sub-basins This sub-basin includes all the areas drained by the Indravati and its tributaries from its source to its confluence with the Godavari.

G-12: Sabari This sub-basin includes the entire catchment of the Sabari river from its source to its confluence with the Godavari including its main tributary silleru (Also known as Machkund river in its initial reaches)

Table 6-15: Abstract of the tribunal awards

Sr. No. Abstract of the tribunal awards based on further re port Page 1 2 3

Annexure-II: PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING BETWEEN THE CHIEF MINISTERS OF MAHARASHTRA AND TELANGANA (ERSTWHILE ANDHRA PRADESH) HELD AT HYDERABAD ON THE 6TH OCTOBER 1975

31

G-1: Upper Godavari G-2: Pravara, G-3 Purna and G-4: Manjara I Maharashtra can use for their beneficial use all waters upto Paithan

dam site on the Godavari and upto Siddeshwar dam site on the Purna

32

II (i) From the waters in the area of the Godavari basin below Paithan dam site on the Godavari and Below Siddeshwar dam site on the Purna and below Nizamsagar dam site on the Manjra and upto Pochampad dam site on the Godavari, Maharashtra can utilize waters not exceeding 60TMC (1698.60Mm3) for new projects including any additional use over and above the present sanctioned or cleared utilization, as the case may be.

32

III (i) In the Manjara sub-basin above Nizamsagar dam site, Maharashtra can utilise waters not exceeding 22TMC (622.82Mm3) for new projects including any additional use over and above the present sanctioned or cleared utilisation as the case may be

32

IV Maharashtra concurs with the agreement arrived at between the States of Telangana (Erstwhile Andhra Pradesh) and Karnataka in regard to the use proposed by Karnataka in the Manjara sub-basin upstream of Nizamsagar dam.

32

V Maharashtra and Telangana (Erstwhile Andhra Pradesh) will be free to use additional quantity of 300TMC (8493Mm3) of water each below Pochampad dam site for new projects

32

Annexure “B” AGREEMENT ENTERED INTO BETWEEN THE STATES OF MAHARASHTRA, MADHYA PRADESH (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) AND TELANGANA (ERSTWHILE ANDHRA PRADESH)

38

(I) G-5 Middle Godavari sub-basin 38 (1) Maharashtra 38 The state of Maharashtra can use a quantity of 0.4 TMC

(11.324Mm3) of water in the Middle Godavari sub-basin for the existing, under construction and proposed projects/schemes downstream of the Pochampad dam

38

(II) G-7 Penganga sub-basins 38 (I) Maharashtra 38 (A) The state of Maharashtra can use all the waters upto: 38 (i) Lower Penganga Project site near Chikhal Wardha on Penganga

River, Lat 19o 55’N and Long 78o55’E subject to the condition that the lower Penganga Project would be taken up as a joint project. The details of the joint project will be negotiated separately by the states of Maharashtra and Telangana (Erstwhile Andhra Pradesh).

38

(ii) Waghadi Project dam site on the Waghadi River near village Yelbara, Lat 20 o12’30”N and Long 78o 18’10”E

38





(iii) Saikheda Dam on Khuni River near village Lingti Lat 20o06’30”N and Long 78o28’15”E

38

(B) In addition to the use of all waters of the Penganga sub-basin upto the point as specified in clause (III) (I)(A)(i) to (A)(iii) above, the State of Maharashtra can use from the waters of rest of the Penganga sub-basin, 9TMC (254.79Mm3) for its existing, under Construction and proposed schemes/projects each of which individually will not exceed an annual use of 1.5TMC.

38

(IV) G-8 Wardha sub-basin 38 (I) Madhya Pradesh(Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) 38 (a) The State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and

Chhattisgarh) in terms of the Agreement relating to certain interstate irrigation and hydel projects between Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) and Maharashtra dated 18th December,1968 can use 9 TMC (254.79Mm3) for its existing, under construction and proposed schemes / projects which are located upstream of the contemplated Upper Wardha Projects of the State of Maharashtra.

38

(b) In addition to the use of the waters in clause (IV) (1) (a) above, the State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) can use a quantity of 1 TMC (28.31Mm3) for its existing, under constructions and proposed schemes / projects in the remaining portion of the sub-basin.

39

(2) Maharashtra 39 (i) Subject to the use by the State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya

Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) as stipulated above, the State of Maharashtra can use all the waters of the river Wardha and/or its tributaries for its existing, under construction and proposed schemes/projects up to following points:

39

(a) Up to Tulana Projects, at 20012’N and Long.78057’E on the Wardha river at Tulana village subject to Para (IV) (1) (a) and (b) above.

39

(b) On the tributaries of the Wardha river joining down streams of the Tulana project site up to:

39

(i) Chargaon Project (under construction) across Chargaon river Lat 20023’20’’N and Long. 79010’45’’E;

39

(ii) Nirguda Project,Lat.20003’N and Long.78053’E; and 39 (iii) Bendara Project Lat. 19040’15’’N Long.79023’55’’E 39 (ii) In addition to the use of water up to the projects as specified in

clauses (IV) (2)i)(a) & (b),the following uses are agreed to for the schemes existing, under construction and proposed in the Wardha sub-basin downstream of the project sites mentioned above .

Mudhali Project - 2.80TMC

Lift irrigation from Dhanora weir - 2.70TMC

Lift irrigation from Marda weir 2.80TMC

Lift irrigation from Kalmana weir 2.00TMC

Lift irrigation from Tohegaon weir 1.60TMC

Lift irrigation from Sonapur weir 2.00TMC

Usgaon Bulsani and Chandur Lift irri. Schemes 3.00TMC

Other Schemes (each < 1.5 TMC) 9.10TMC

Total (736.06Mm3) 26.00TMC

Provided that in event of full quantity of water agreed to be allocated for any of the items 1 to 7 above cannot be sanctioned for

39





use at any of those projects, the balance of the quantity of water allocated here in above for project items 1 to 7 above can be sanctioned for use by the State of Maharashtra in any of the other projects as specified in items 1 to 8 subject to the condition that the total uses of all such sanctions for the projects as specified in items 1 to 8 shall not exceed 26 TMC (736.06Mm3).

(V) G-9 Pranhita sub-basin 39 (1) Madhya Pradesh(Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) 39 (C) (a) The State of Maharashtra has suggested the need of creating

certain storages in the territory of the State of (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) to regulate water for use in the State of Maharashtra. In this particular situation as a special case the State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) has agreed to construct or augment storage/storages across the Kanhan at sites within its territory, location of which will be decided by the State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh), for regulation of 15TMC of the Kanhan flows at 75% dependability for use in the state of Maharashtra, the entire cost of these storages or augmentation as the case may be including the cost of compensation for lands, properties and rehabilitation etc will be incurred as per the norms for such works in vogue in the country a the time of the construction of the project and will be borne entirely by the states of Maharashtra. The details of provision of such storage/storages or augmentation would be mutually settled by the two state Governments at the appropriate time later.

40

(b) the State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) can generate power, by bearing the cost of power component only at the storage/storages as specified in clause (V)(1)(C)(a) above, without any power to be allocated to the State of Maharashtra. The power component is not to be include any cost on account of the dam/storages.

40

The State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) can construct at its cost a low dam/pick up weir or such other structures as may be necessary, below the storage/storages as mentioned in clause (V)(1)(C)(a) above any future date, in order to improve the peaking capability of the power system within the State.

40

The State of Maharashtra for its use of 15TMC as regulated by storage/storages as specified in clause (V)(1)(C)(a) above, agrees to construct pick up weir, downstream in its territory with adequate pondage to cater for the fluctuating releases in consultation with the State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh).

40

(D) The State of Maharashtra has proposed a pick up weir at Temurdoh across Kanhan, which will cause submergence in the state of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh). The details of extent of submergence are not yet indicated. The State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh)agrees to consider, the proposal when the details of submergence are known., provided the submergence is kept to a minimum and acceptable to the State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh).

40

Bagh Irrigation Project Agreement of 1964 (8th March 1964) -The net availability of water

in Bagh exclusive of losses is as under:- Sirpur storage- 6000mcft Lohara storage-4100mcft -Total storage 10100mcft (10.1TMC)





These are the yields available at 75% dependability. Total availability upto Lohara is, thus 10,100mcft, 32000 acres is the Lanji tract have to be irrigated in MP. The water requirement of this area in accordance with the crop pattern envisaged by M.P engineers given as 2525mcft at canal head. After satisfying with this requirement balance of 7575mcft is left for Maharashtra as against 8130mcft actually required for the crop pattern adopted by Maharashtra……….. The total utilization is a 75% dependable year would be 10100mct at canal head. There will be years in which the actual supplies will be in excess or in deficit of this quantity. The M.P and Maharashtra Governments recognize the principle that the excess and deficits should also be shared by the states proportionately, namely in the ratio 1:3.

(2) Maharashtra 42 Subject to what has been stated above regarding use of the

Pranhita sub-basin waters by the State of Madhya Pradesh(Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh), the State of Maharashtra can use all waters of the river Wainganga and/or its tributaries up to the following points:

42

(i) Gasikhurd Project site on the Wainganga River near village Gosikhurd. Lat. 20�-51’-0”N and Long 79�-37’-20”E.

42

(ii) Lower Chulband Dam site on Chulband River near village Bonde. Lat. 21�-02’-0”N and Long 79�-57’-0”E.

42

(iii) Itiadoh dam on the Gadhvi River near village Gothangaon. Lat. 20�-47’-45”N and Long 80�-10’-05”E.

42

(iv) Sati Project site on the Sam River near village Palasgad. Lat. 20�-38’-0”N and Long 80�-17’-0”E.

43

(v) Lower Tultuli dam site on the Khobragadi River near village Tultuli. Lat. 20�-26’-0”N and Long 80�-14’-0”E.

43

(vi) Lower Kathani dam site on the Kathani River near village Rajoli. Lat. 20�-14’-30”N and Long 80�-15’-30”E.

43

(vii) Karwappa Project site on Karwappa nala near village Nakkaponil. Lat. 20�-38’-0”N and Long 80�-17’-0”E.

43

(viii) Bhimkund dam site on the Pohar River near village Wakri. Lat. 19�-55’-0”N and Long 79�-58’-30”E.

43

(ix) Dina dam on the Dina River near village Wakri. Lat. 19�-55’-0”N and Long 79�-58’-30”E.

43

(x) Buti nala dam site on the Buti nala near village Panoti. Lat. 20�-39’-0”N and Long 79�-48’-0”E.

43

(xi) Gardi Project dam site on the Gardi nala near Village Chandgaon Khurd. Lat. 20�-35’-20”N and Long 79�-50’-0”E.

43

(xii) Nimghat dam site on the Nimghat Dhoda nala near village Mendki. Lat. 20�-39’-0”N and Long 79�-48’-0”E.

43

(xiii) Asola mendha dam on the Pathari River near village Asola mendha. Lat. 20�-28’-15”N and Long 79�-50’-0”E.

43

(xiv) Ghorajhari dam on the Bokardoh nala near village Chirkhada. Lat. 20�-14’-0”N and Long 79�-34’-35”E.

43

(xv) Human nala dam site on the Human nala near village Chirkhada. Lat. 20�-14’-0”N and Long 79�-34’-35”E.

43

(xvi) Naleshwar dam on the Upsa nala near village Naleshwar. Lat. 20�-15’-0”N and Long 79�-35’-35”E.

43

(xvii) Andhari dam site on the Andhari River near village Pahami. Lat. 20�-06’-0”N and Long 79�-28’-0”E.

43

In addition to the use of all waters of the river Wainganga and/or its tributaries up to the point as specified in clauses (V) (2)(A)(ii) to (V)(2)(A)(xvii) above, the State of Maharashtra can use, from the waters of rest of the Pranhita sub-basin 41TMC (1160.71Mm3) for

43





its existing under construction and proposed schemes/projects using annually not more than 1.50 TMC individually.

VI G-10 Lower Godavari 43 (1) Maharashtra 43 The State of Maharashtra can use upto 1TMC (28.31Mm3) for its

existing, under construction and proposed schemes/projects in the lower Godavari sub-basin

43

VII G-11 Indravati sub-basin 45 (D) The state of Maharashtra can use 34 TMC (962.54Mm3) for its,

existing, under construction and proposed project/projects upstream of Bhopalpattnam-I hydro Electric project. This includes the share of evaporation losses of Maharashtra at the Bhopalpattnam-I hydro Electric project.

46

(E) The State of Maharashtra can use an additional quantum of 7TMC (198.17Mm3) downstream of the Bhopalpattnam-I hydro Electric project its, existing, under construction and proposed projects/schemes each using not more than 1.5TMC annually.

46

(H) The state of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) and Maharashtra agree that regulated releases after the generation of power from Bhopalpattnam-I hydro Electric project, a joint project of the two states as per the finalised scope would be available for use lower down for the Inchampalli project another joint project of all the three states viz. Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh), Telangana (Erstwhile Andhra Pradesh) and Maharashtra.

46

(IX) General clauses 47 (1) (a) The States of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and

Chhattisgarh) and Maharashtra may vary the location of the sites/projects using more than 1.5TMC annually which have been specifically mentioned in the above paragraphs by informing the lower state/states. If as a result of shifting or alteration in case of any such specified sites upto which a state has been permitted to use all the waters more or less catchment area than what is indicated in the above clauses is intercepted, corresponding reduction /increase will be made in the catchment area of other specified sites, so that total catchment area allowed for each state for interception of all the water is not exceeded.

47

(b) it is also agreed that with respect to projects specified and if there is marginal increase of utilization over 1.5TMC but not exceeding 2TMC for each project., such increase may be permitted by mutual consultation between the state concerned and the lower riparian state/states, provided that the total utilization as specified in each of the clauses is not exceeded by the concerned state.

48

A meeting was held on 10/12/1998 regarding the use of Lower Penganga Project. This meeting was held between the Secretaries of Maharashtra and Telangana (Erstwhile Andhra Pradesh). An agreement at Secretary level between the States of Maharashtra & Andhra-Pradesh was reached in 1999, relating to the scope of Lower Penganga & other Projects. The decision was taken with consent of both the Secretaries to restrict the use of Lower Penganga Project, Waghadi and Saikheda Project as below:

1. Use upto Lower Penganga Project - 2,274.30 Mm³ (80.31 TMC) (excluding use for LPP – As per agreement)




2. Use for Lower Penganga Project - 1,063.38 Mm³ (37.55 TMC) (As per agreement)

3. 75% dependable Yield at Waghadi Project - 22.85 Mm³ (01.98 TMC) (All Waters - As per GWDT)

4. 75% dependable Yield at Saikheda Project - 115.14 Mm³ (07.79 TMC) (All Waters - As per GWDT)

Total - 3,475.67 Mm³ (127.63 TMC)

5. Use of Water below LPP, Waghadi - 255.00 Mm³ (09.00 TMC)

& Saikheda (Condition B of GWDT)

Total Water Allocated for use - 3,730.67 Mm³ (136.63 TMC)

Say 3731 Mm³

It was further agreed during the meeting that, the total yield upto Lower Penganga Project site is 122.979 TMC (3482Mm3) as already communicated by Maharashtra officially through their letter dtd. 04/12/1996 and the upstream utilisation is 80.31 TMC (2274.30Mm3). Hence, the net water available at LPP site is 42.669 TMC (1195Mm3). This available water of 42.669 TMC will be shared in the ratio of 88:12. This means, Andhra-Pradesh will get 5.12 TMC (143Mm3) and Maharashtra 37.55 TMC (1051Mm3). The above shares are inclusive of evaporation losses in the reservoir. Evaporation losses will also be shared in the ratio of 88:12. Maharashtra also agreed that, upstream utilisations will be confined to 80.31 TMC (2274.30Mm3) and will not be exceeded. The distress/deficit will also be shared in the ratio of 88:12.

Table 6-16: Share of Water allocation and balance of water to flow down

Sr. Location given by Tribunal.

Share of Maharashtra

(as per GWDT Award)

Share of Maharashtra as Decided

Subsequently

Balance Water

Flowing Down.

1 2 3 4 5 No. Project site 75% dependable

Yield Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

1 Upto Lower Penganga

5419 (All Waters) 3337.68 ( as per Agreement)

2081.32

2 Upto Waghadi 22.85 (All Waters) 22.85 ( as per GWDTA) 0.00 3 Upto Saikheda 115.14 (All Waters) 115.14 ( as per

GWDTA) 0.00

4 d/s of above 3 sites 1231.35 255.00 ( as per GWDTA)

976.35

Total. 6788.34 3730.67 3057.67 Ref: Integrated Water Resources Development and Management Plan of Penganga sub-basin-2010 Remarks: As per the agreement between two Secretaries, Maharashtra can use only 3337.68 Mm3 of water upto

LPP site and the balance water (4004.70 Mm3) flows down to Wardha sub-basin. Whereas, as per the GWDT award, Maharashtra can use ‘All Waters’ i.e. 7342.38 Mm3 upto LPP site. Thus, there is an anomaly and the State of Maharashtra is restrained to contain its uses less than the water awarded by GWDT. This needs to be reviewed.

Important provisions in Final Order of the Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal award also include Quote” Chapter-VII: Clause IX: Nothing contained herein shall prevent the alteration, amendment, or modification of

all or any of the foregoing clauses by agreement between the parties or by legislation by Parliament.”unquote




Maharashtra can use for their beneficial use “all waters” upto 26 dam/project sites (mentioned above) on various rivers and tributaries of those.

While review of dependability criterion of water planning was reviewed by MW&IC, it recommended “While sizing storages as a part of water planning of water resources development projects, storages be based on annual average or lower dependable yield even below than that wherever necessary with due observance of the economic feasibility criteria. The 75% dependability criterion is devoid of any basis” (Ref: Recommendation no.6 page 926 of Vol-I,Maharashtra Watre and Irrigation Commission-1999).

Table 6-17: Present annual yield and water allocation by Tribunal

Natural Water available

Sub-basins as per Tribunal award Water available considering

GWDTA

Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

75% Mean 75% Mean

1 2 3 4 5

Godavari upto Paith an Dam

Maharashtra can use for their beneficial use all waters upto Paithan dam site on the Godavari and upto Siddeshwar dam site on the Purna

5837 7152 Upper Godavari 5837 7152 Pravara Mula

From the waters in the area of the Godavari basin below Paithan dam site on the Godavari and Below Siddeshwar dam site on the Purna and below Nizamsagar dam site on the Manjra and upto Pochampad dam site on the Godavari, Maharashtra can utilize waters not exceeding 60 TMC (1698.60Mm3) for new projects including any additional use over and above the present sanctioned or cleared utilization, as the case may be.

Purna+Dudhna

1148 1544 Upto Siddheshwar 1148 1544

398 * 610 Dudhna 368 368

681 1138 Rest of Purna 190 190

Middle Godavari

Remaining

2720 4091 Middle Godavari including Sindhphana

1826 1826

316 # 425 Lendi 212 212

247 427 Manar 247 247

97 134.9 Sudha 45 45

In the Manjara sub-basin above Nizamsagar dam site, Maharashtra can utilise waters not exceeding 22TMC (622.82Mm3) for new projects including any additional use over and above the present sanctioned or cleared utilisation as the case may be

758.11 1285 Manjara 623 623

274 396 Terna 226 226

G-5 Middle Godavari sub -basin






GWDTA

Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

75% Mean 75% Mean

1 2 3 4 5

The state of Maharashtra can use a quantity of 0.4 TMC (11.324Mm3) of water in the Middle Godavari sub-basin for the existing, under construction and proposed projects/schemes downstream of the Pochampad dam

74 144.1 1. Suvarna 11.32 11.32

G-7 Penganga sub -basins

The state of Maharashtra can use all the waters upto:

Penganga

5419 7542 Lower Penganga Project site 3338 $ 3338

22.85 56.2 Waghadi Project dam site 22.85 56.2

115.14 220.63 Saikheda Dam on Khuni River 115.14 220.63

Rest of Penganga (Rest of Khuni River+Waghadi+Gr 7+Gr8)

1156.54 1808.22 In addition to the use of all waters of the Penganga sub-basin upto the point as specified in clause (III) (I)(A)(i) to (A)(iii) above, the State of Maharashtra can use from the waters of rest of the Penganga sub-basin, 9TMC (254.79Mm3) for its existing, under Construction and proposed schemes/projects each of which individually will not exceed an annual use of 1.5TMC.

254.79 254.79

G-8 Wardha sub -basin

Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh)

The State of Madhya Pradesh in terms of the Agreement relating to certain interstate irrigation and hydel projects between Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) and Maharashtra dated 18th December,1968 can use 9 TMC (254.79Mm3) for its existing, under construction and proposed schemes / projects which are located upstream of the contemplated Upper Wardha Projects of the State of Maharashtra.

In addition to the use of the waters in clause (IV) (1) (a) above, the State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) can use a quantity of 1 TMC (28.31Mm3) for its existing, under constructions and proposed schemes / projects in the remaining portion of the sub-basin.

Maharashtra

Subject to the use by the State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) as stipulated above, the State of Maharashtra can use all the waters of the river Wardha and/or its tributaries for its existing, under construction and proposed schemes/projects up to following points:






GWDTA

Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

75% Mean 75% Mean

1 2 3 4 5

(a) Up to Tulana Projects, at 20012’N and Long.78057’E on the Wardha river at Tulana village subject to Para(IV)(1)(a)and(b) above.

1894 2244.28 Upto Tulana (Exc Bembla+Venna+MP share) 1894 2244.28

272 430 Bembla 272 430

1131 1496 Venna 1131 1496

(b) On the tributaries of the Wardha river joining down streams of the Tulana project site up to:

15.18 23.35 (i) Chargaon Project (Erai sub-basin) 15.18 23.35

123 123 (ii) Nirguda Project, (Wardha sub-basin) 123 123

(iii) Bendara Project (Wardha sub-basin)

In addition to the use of water up to the projects as specified in clauses (IV) (2)i)(a) & (b),the following uses are agreed to for the schemes existing, under construction and proposed in the Wardha sub-basin d/s of the project sites mentioned above .

1) Mudhali 2.80TMC

2) LIS from Dhanora weir 2.70TMC

3) LIS from Marda weir 2.80TMC

4) LIS from Kalmana weir 2.00TMC

5) LIS from Tohegaon weir 1.60TMC

6) LIS from Sonapur weir 2.00TMC

7) Usgaon-Bulsani&ChandurLIS 3.00TMC

8) Others (each<1.5TMC) 9.10TMC

Total (736.06Mm3) 26.00TMC

Rest of Wardha

1184.99 1878.22 Rest of Wardha

256.31 367.67 Rest of Erai

Sub-total 736.06 736.06

G-9 Pranhita sub -basin

743.33 983.88 Bagh sub-basin 783.62 1270.87

Subject to what has been stated above regarding use of the Pranhita sub-basin waters by the State of Madhya Pradesh (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) (Now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh) , the State of Maharashtra can use all waters of the river Wainganga and/or its tributaries up to the following points:

1. Gasikhurd Project site

232 282 a) Naag sub-basin 232 282 245 315 b) Kolar sub-basin 245 315

322 402 c) Kanhan sub-basin 322 402 Additional water available from MP (Kanhan) 415.93 415.93

234.91 205.94 d) Pench sub-basin 985 1055.39






GWDTA

Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

75% Mean 75% Mean

1 2 3 4 5

1707.27 2167.54 f) Upto Gosikhurd dam (Wainganga) 1707.27 2167.54

234.91 295.43 2. Lower Chulband Dam (Wainganga) 234.91 295.43

357.12 346.42 3. Itiadoh dam (Gadhavi) 357.12 346.42

140.4 176.4 4. Sati Project site (Khobragadi) 140.4 176.4

273 340.05 5. Lower Tultuli dam site (Khobragadi) 273 340.05

336.06 402.94 6. Lower Kathani dam site (Wainganga) 336.06 402.94

75.4 93.09 7. Karwappa Project site (Wainganga) 75.4 93.09

574.69 657.1 8. Bhimkund dam site (Wainganga) 574.69 657.1

79.89 121.94 9. Dina dam (PRD-3) (Pranhita) 79.89 121.94

51.11 62.41 10. Buti nala dam site (Wainganga) 51.11 62.41

16.87 19.97 11. Gardi Project dam site (Wainganga) 16.87 19.97

17.6 20.79 12. Nimghat dam site (Wainganga) 17.6 20.79

102.56 170.08 13. Asola mendha dam 102.56 170.08

38.09 63.17 14. Ghorajhari dam 38.09 63.17

432.41 717.11 15. Human nala dam 432.41 717.11

14.23 23.6 16. Naleshwar dam 14.23 23.6

177.49 294.34 17. Andhari dam site 177.49 294.34

In Addition above as per Award 425 (15 TMC)Mm3 as regulated releases from Oct to Jun is available to Maharashtra from Madhya pradsh

425 425

In addition to the use of all waters of the river Wainganga and/or its tributaries up to the point as specified in clauses (V)(2)(A)(ii) to (V)(2)(A)(xvii) above, the State of Maharashtra can use, from the waters of rest of the Pranhita sub-basin 41TMC (1160.71Mm3) for its existing under construction and proposed schemes using annually not be >1.50 TMC individually.

Rest of Pranhita

2703.09 2858.73 Rest of Wainganga 672.36 672.36

201.88 407.58 Rest of Gadhavi 40.89 40.89

316.09 405.2 Rest of Khobragadi 30.6 30.6

18.69 17.36 Rest of Andhari 197 197

1113.03 1384.26 Rest of Pranhita 219.73 219.73

G-10 Lower Godavari

Maharashtra

The State of Maharashtra can use upto 1TMC (28.31Mm3) for its existing, under construction and proposed schemes/projects in the lower Godavari sub-basin

105.9 129.83 1. Watershed GV-1, GV-2 28.31 28.31

G-11 Indravati sub -basin






GWDTA

Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

75% Mean 75% Mean

1 2 3 4 5

2653.26 3251.89 The State of Maharashtra can use 34 TMC (962.54Mm3) for its, existing, under construction and proposed project/projects upstream of Bhopalpattnam-I hydro Electric project. This includes the share of evaporation losses of Maharashtra at Bhopalpattnam-I

962.54 962.54

323.74 465.11 The State of Maharashtra can use an additional quantum of 7TMC (198.17Mm3) downstream of the Bhopalpattnam-I hydro Electric project its, existing, under construction and proposed projects/schemes each using not more than 1.5TMC annually.

198.17 198.17

37982.14 50617.73 Total 29022.59 33854.8

Percentage of water allocated by tribunal vis -à-vis natural availability 76% 67%

Ref: The dependable yield based on CEHP, Nashik's latter no.1535 dated 30.11.2016 and the water allocation by tribunal are based on CE (WR), Aurangabad's latter no. 2949 dated 05.06.2011

In case of restricted areas the water allocation by GOMWRD as referred in latter no. CE (WR), 2949 dated 05.06.2017 is consider.

Note : * The 75% dependable yield of Dudhana sub basin is calculated by the Chief Engineer (WR), Aurangabad on the basis of yield upto Lower Dudhana project which is 288.31 Mm3 and which is agreed by CWC New Delhi.

# The 75% dependable yield of Lendi sub basin is calculated by the Chief Engineer (WR), Aurangabad on the basis of yield upto Lendi project which is 230.35 Mm3 and which is agreed by CWC New Delhi.

$ As per Tribunal Award Maharashtra is allowed to use all waters upto Lower Penganga Project (75% dependable yield is 5419 Mm3)




6.3 Water availability

Surface water availability is considered on the basis of the restricted use of water allowed by GWDTA. Similarly, though the 100% use of Groundwater is permitted by the tribunal based on State Water Board (SWB) recommended 70% of groundwater for actual use leaving 30% to be allowed for ecological purposes. Thus the total water availability (surface water +groundwater) is arrived at as given in Table below. This is considered for Classification of sub-basins on the basis of water availability. Earlier, MW&IC-1999 considered the classification of sub-basin/basin on the basis of natural surface water availability in m3 per ha. State Water Board (SWB) in the originally approved report considered natural surface water available @75% dependability +70% of groundwater available in m3 per ha area.

Table 6-18: Classification of sub-basins on the basis of water availability

Sr. No.

Sub Basin Culturable Area Ha.

Natural surface water

available Mm3

Water allocation

as per Tribunal

Mm3

Ground water Mm3

70% of Net GW

Total m3/ha

Class Total m3/ha

Class

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (4+6)/3 8 9 (5+6)/3 10

1 Upper Godavari 1310471 4112 4112 1417 4219 N 4219 N

2 Pravara 246000 876 876 302 4789 N 4789 N

3 Mula 217000 785 785 174 4419 N 4419 N

4 Middle Godavari 1588000 2720 1826 1768 2826 D 2263 D

5 Dudhana 449102 398 368 440 1861 D 1799 D

6 Purna 805670 1829 1338 986 3494 N 2922 D

7 Sudha-Swarna 37953 171 56 68 17205 A 14175 A

8 Manjara 686000 758 623 602 1983 D 1786 D

9 Terna 300740 274 226 268 1802 D 1643 D

10 Lendi 145150 316 212 141 3148 D 2432 D

11 Manar 227380 247 247 232 2107 D 2107 D

12 Kayadhu 187531 333 333 252 3119 N 3119 N

13 Penganga 968000 5167 2185 1019 6390 N 3310 N

14 Pus 144855 428 428 131 3859 N 3859 N

15 Aurnavati 359925 785 785 369 3206 N 3206 N

16 Bembla 249538 272 272 220 1972 D 1972 D

17 Wardha 881484 3074 2591 1014 4637 N 4090 N

18 Venna 381500 1131 1131 480 4223 N 4223 N

19 Erai 83347 272 178 78 4187 N 3071 N

20 Andhari 163733 1615 961 260 11452 S 7457 N

21 Nag 47550 232 232 74 6435 N 6435 N

22 Kolar 79570 245 245 92 4235 N 4235 N

23 Kanhan 99230 322 738 141 4666 N 8858 S

24 Pench 25150 136 985 25 6402 N 40159 A

25 Wainganga 849031 5717 4111 986 7895 N 6003 N

26 Bagh 97838 743 784 169 9322 S 9741 S




Sr. No.

Sub Basin Culturable Area Ha.


available Mm3

Water allocation

as per Tribunal

Mm3

Ground water Mm3

70% of Net GW

Total m3/ha

Class Total m3/ha

Class

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (4+6)/3 8 9 (5+6)/3 10

27 Gadhavi 47873 559 398 126 14309 A 10946 S

28 Khobragadi 54000 688 444 97 14556 A 10019 S

29 Pranhita 54000 1425 328 176 29648 A 9333 S

30 Indravati 53623 2977 1161 141 58128 A 24281 A

Total 10841244 38607 28959 12248 4691 N 3804 N

Ref: Groundwater assessment by GSDA-2011 Surface water as per GWDTA and Groundwater after considering 30% for ecological use. Classification : Sinchan Ayog-1999 but considering surface and groundwater both. Highly deficit <1500; Deficit<1500

to 3000; Normal 3000 to 8000; Surplus 8000 to 12000 and Abundant >12000.

It can be seen from the below Table Column 6; that 2 sub-basins lie in highly deficit area and 6 in deficit, 13 in normal, 7 in surplus and 2 in abundant category. Special attention is required to be given to highly deficit and deficit sub-basins while water planning in future.

Table 6-19: Classification of sub-basins according to water availability

Sr. no Category Sub-basins based on natural availability

Nos Sub-basins based on GWDTA allocation

Nos

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Highly deficit

<1500; - 0 - 0

2 Deficit<1500 to 3000;

Middle Godavari, Manjra, Dudhna, Terna, Manar, Bembla

6 Middle Godavari, Manjra, Dudhna, Purna, Terna, Manar, Bembla, Lendi,

8

3 Normal 3000 to 8000;

Upper Godavari, Pravara, Lendi, Mula, Purna, Kayadhu, Penganga, Pus, Arunavati, Wardha, Venna, Erai, Nag, Kolar, Kanhan, Pench, Wainganga

17 Upper Godavari, Pravara, Mula, Kayadhu, Penganga, Pus, Arunavati, Wardha, Venna, Erai, Nag, Andhari, Kolar, Wainganga,

14

4 Surplus 8000 to 12000

Bagh, Andhari 2 Kanhan, Bagh, Gadhavi, Khobragadi, Pranhita

5

5 Abundant >12000

Sudha-Suvarna, Gadhavi,Khobragadi, Indrawati, Pranhita

5 Sudha-Suvarna, Indrawati, Pench

3

Total 30 30 Note: The Classification is based on area as reported in the sub-basin Reports.




6.4 Conclusions and recommendations The inconsistency of the rainfall and river gauge data is observed. Properly maintained tank gauge data is not available, especially for long series. This should also be started maintaining particularly in case of minor projects. Minor Irrigation (Local sector) is carrying out census of irrigation sources; this program should also include the sources of drinking water and industrial water. WRD maintained rain gauge stations at dam sites should also be brought under the control of hydrology project. A separate division for maintaining the water use account of all tributaries of Godavari River is proposed. Strengthening of the existing hydro meteorological/geo-hydrological network as proposed. For future development and management of mega/mini/micro watersheds, it is recommended to Install one rain gauge, evaporimeter and observation wells in each village to be operated and maintained by the village Panchayat. Flow, silt and water quality measurement at the outlet point of each watershed. Prepare groundwater contour level toposheets at regular interval on annual basis. In case of groundwater estimation, Natural discharge of 5% considered uniformly for all the watersheds including critical and over exploited watersheds, should not be considered for those watersheds with no discharge at their outlet points during non-monsoon period (Nov to May next). The runoff rates in Mm3/Km2 at different dependability are worked out for 30 different sub basins or for 106 groups of watersheds. However the Maps of Iso-runoff lines for required dependability’s can be prepared which proves to be more useful to workout runoff of ungauged streams in a sub basin. These runoff rates shall be used for design and construction of small structures where detailed hydrology is not followed. In case of major dams, additional G&D stations can be established at the tail points of commands of major projects & should be gauged to establish theories of regeneration flows. In case of Penganga sub-basin as per the agreement between two Secretaries, Maharashtra can use only 3337.68Mm3 of water upto LPP site and the balance water (4004.70Mm3) flows down to Wardha sub-basin. Whereas, as per the GWDT award, Maharashtra can use ‘All Waters’ i.e. 7342.38Mm3 upto LPP site. Thus, there is an anomaly and the State of Maharashtra is restrained to contain its uses less than the water awarded by GWDT. This needs to be reviewed. In future in addition to sub-basin and basin wise, water availability shall also be worked out on the lines of allocation of water by tribunal awards (Points of references) applicable in those sub-basins. A review of policy decisions & government resolutions regarding following may be taken to study their impact on quality & reliability of hydrological studies Water Availability Certificates (WACs) issued by IPI Circles (Method, Period, Projects) Various methods used for determination of yield (Method, Period, Projects) Hydrology project: achievements & prospects Establishment of office of CE (Hydrology) & its original powers & jurisdiction Delegation of powers of issuing WACs to regional Chief Engineers & its impact on of hydrological studies Theory & Practice of issuing WACs (Criteria, logic, period of validity, authenticity, etc) MWRRA may implement Sections 11 (s) & (t) of MWRRA Act 2005 and ensure that Hydrological data bases are prepared & made available in public domain. Regular Hydrologists having graduate and post graduate degrees & experience in field of hydrology may only be appointed in WRD to look after all matters related to hydrology. Manual on Hydrology may be prepared.




II SUPPLY SIDE MANAGEMENT




7 Water Resources Development 7.1 Surface Irrigation

7.1.1 Preamble Need of Water Resources Project

Water is one of the principal resources essential for human existence and it is required for various purposes such as drinking and domestic water needs, agriculture, industry, hydro and thermal power generation, survival of environment and many others. Availability of water in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra, for the most part, is from the monsoon rainfall available from June to October which is unevenly distributed over both space and time, whereas water demand for above purposes, excepting for the agriculture to a certain extent, is mostly evenly distributed over both space and time. The scenario dictates need of development of water resources.

Classification of Projects

The rationale behind a Water Resources Development Project could be multifaceted. It could serve one or more sectors described here in above. Amongst this irrigation is the leading sector consuming about 75% of the water used though these projects as perceived from the domestic scenario. Irrigation involves application of external water to crops, presently mostly by flow through open channel systems. Lift irrigation is provided for lands at higher elevation where irrigation under gravity is not possible.

The projects are categorized as Major, Medium, and Minor (MI1, MI2 and MI3) based on Irrigation Command Areas as per following table 7.1:

Table 7-1: Project Categorisation

Sr. No. Category ICA (Ha) 1 2 3 1 Major Above 10,000 ha 2 Medium Between 2,001 to 10,000 ha 3 Minor Irrigation-1 Between 251 to 2,000 ha 4 Minor Irrigation-2 Between 101 to 250 ha 5 Minor Irrigation-3 Between 1 to 100 ha

Interstate Aspect

River Godavari originates at Trimbakeshwar in Maharashtra and flows along with its tributaries through Maharashtra, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh in addition to smaller parts of Karnataka and Union territory of Puducherry finally draining into Bay of Bengal. The water potential available in Godavari Basin belongs to these states. Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal (GWDT) was constituted for deciding upon its interstate distribution of water resources.

Few Interstate Agreements have been also made by the States concerned through negotiations prior to Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal which are binding on the States concerned in addition to GWDT Award allocations. Tribunal Awards and




Agreements have been incorporated in the Sub Chapter 6.3 Hydrology (Awards and Tribunals) in details.

Allocation had been made for utilization of all available water at 75% dependable yield at that time in Godavari Basin as per GWDT and Agreements. The entire Godavari Basin has been sub divided in 12 Sub Basins in Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal Award, out of which 9 Sub basins are associated with Maharashtra State. These 9 Sub basins have been further sub divided in 30 Sub Basins by the WRD GoM for preparing sub basin wise Reports by deploying separate consultants. Based on this information and other information, ISWP for Godavari Basin has now been prepared by compiling the information chapter wise. The water allocation amongst these sub basins is given in Hydrology and water Balance Chapters.

Water Resources Development Planning

Water Resources Development Planning for each sub basin is based upon the available water resources in the sub basin subject to allocation within the framework of the GWDT Award, present scenario and future planning so as to obtain the optimal utilization of available water resources.

7.1.2 Flow Irrigation Flow irrigation is an open channel hydraulic system starting from reservoirs and comprising conveyance system- canals, branches and distributaries, distribution network -minors and sub minors leading up to outlets and field application - field channels and turn out points beyond the outlets.

7.1.2.1 Water Availability Water potential in various sub basins in Godavari basin in Maharashtra has been estimated as described in Chapter 6 “Hydrology (Surface)” specifically devoted to the objective. This has been vetted and approved by the Chief Engineer, Hydrology Project, Nashik, the Apex Agency designated by Maharashtra WRD.

The water potential in a sub basin is made out from the estimated for 75%, 50% dependability and average yield volumes. The relevant specifics are as follows:

Storages capacity of a reservoir of a major or medium project conforms to 75%dependable yield.

Storages capacity of a reservoir of a medium project in draught prone area and a minor irrigation project conforms to 50% dependable yield

The process used is more or less compliant to the hydrological principles. The yield rates for 75% and 50% dependability and average vary from 0.12 to 0.18, 0.17 to 0.25 and 0.18 to 0.28Mm3/sq-km respectively in drought prone area, about 0.35, 0.45 and 0.50 Mm3/sq-km for normal area and about 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6 Mm3/sq-km for comparatively good rainfall area.

7.1.2.2 Present Scenario Surface Water Based Irrigation

This sub paragraph describes the present status of surface irrigation interventions in various sub basins. The details presented include number of projects in different categories, their designed live storage capacity and irrigation potential. This information can also be comprehended status wise. All 30 sub basins included in the exercise have been covered duly. The information regarding realization of storage and irrigation potential is enclosed in a separate booklet as an Annex.




The specifics for 30 sub basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra are summarized in following table 7.2:

Table 7-2: Status of Irrigation Projects

Sr.No. Sub Basin Project Status Total

Project Category & Attribute Completed Ongoing

1 2 3 4 5

1 UPPER GODAVARI

a)Major

i)No. 13 2 15

ii)Storage Mm3 3176.74 140.33 3317.07

iii) Irrigation Ha. 405123 0 405123

b)Medium

i)No. 12 2 14

ii)Storage Mm3 269.785 69.02 338.805


c)Minor State

i)No. 78 12 90

ii)Storage Mm3 186.745 62.29 249.035


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 114 13 127

ii)Storage Mm3 51.51 8.059 59.569


Total

i)No. 217 29 246

ii)Storage Mm3 3684.78 279.699 3964.479


2 PRAVARA

a)Major

i)No. 1 1 2

ii)Storage Mm3 304.100 228.75 532.85


b)Medium

i)No. 2 0 2

ii)Storage Mm3 37.82 0 37.82


c)Minor State






1 2 3 4 5

i)No. 23 2 25

ii)Storage Mm3 66.70 1.63 68.33


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 34 2 36

ii)Storage Mm3 30.985 2.80 33.785


Total

i)No. 60 5 65

ii)Storage Mm3 439.605 233.18 672.785


3 MULA

a)Major

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 608.81 0 608.81


b)Medium

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 8.78 0 8.78


c)Minor State

i)No. 38 1 39

ii)Storage Mm3 82.67 9.46 92.13


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 0 0 0

ii)Storage Mm3 0 0 0


Total

i)No. 40 1 41

ii)Storage Mm3 700.26 9.46 709.72


4 Middle Godavari

a)Major






1 2 3 4 5

i)No. 0 2 2

ii)Storage Mm3 0 667.49 667.49


b)Medium

i)No. 12 2 14

ii)Storage Mm3 149.749 91.92 241.669


c)Minor State

i)No. 156 15 171

ii)Storage Mm3 319.434 32.127 351.561


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 163 27 190

ii)Storage Mm3 65.30 10.38 75.68


Total

i)No. 331 46 377

ii)Storage Mm3 534.483 801.917 1336.400


5 MANJRA

a)Major

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 236.925 236.925


b)Medium

i)No. 7 3 10

ii)Storage Mm3 87.655 47.699 135.354


c)Minor State

i)No. 100 5 105

ii)Storage Mm3 208.747 12.467 221.214


d) Minor LS

i)No. 71 1 72






1 2 3 4 5

ii)Storage Mm3 30.30 0.76 31.06


Total 0

i)No. 178 10 188

ii)Storage Mm3 326.702 297.851 624.553


6 TERNA

a)Major

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 126.351 126.351


b)Medium

i)No. 3 0 3

ii)Storage Mm3 35.021 0 35.021


c)Minor State

i)No. 64 1 65

ii)Storage Mm3 127.812 2.93 130.742


d) Minor LS

i)No. 37 0 37

ii)Storage Mm3 22.24 0 22.24


Total

i)No. 104 2 106

ii)Storage Mm3 185.073 129.281 314.354


7 LENDI

a)Major

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 73.35 73.35


b)Medium

i)No. 3 0 3






1 2 3 4 5

ii)Storage Mm3 36.73 0 36.73


c)Minor State

i)No. 37 1 38

ii)Storage Mm3 84.487 3.59 88.077


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 59 2 61

ii)Storage Mm3 24.57 1.82 26.39


Total

i)No. 99 4 103

ii)Storage Mm3 145.787 78.76 224.547


8 MANAR

a)Major

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 138.21 0 138.21


b)Medium

i)No. 3 1 4

ii)Storage Mm3 22.11 75.711 97.821


c)Minor State

i)No. 56 4 60

ii)Storage Mm3 140.285 9.627 149.912


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 155 10 165

ii)Storage Mm3 64.46 8.24 72.7


Total

i)No. 215 15 230

ii)Storage Mm3 365.065 93.578 458.643






1 2 3 4 5


9 DUDHANA

a)Major

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 242.2 242.2


b)Medium

i)No. 5 0 5

ii)Storage Mm3 57.52 0 57.52


c)Minor State

i)No. 41 10 51

ii)Storage Mm3 105.431 42.299 147.73


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 60 5 65

ii)Storage Mm3 21.65 2.08 23.73


Total

i)No. 106 16 122

ii)Storage Mm3 184.601 286.579 471.18


10 PURNA

a)Major

i)No. 1 1 2

ii)Storage Mm3 890.73 93.404 984.134


b)Medium

i)No. 8 1 9

ii)Storage Mm3 100.95 11.40 112.35


c)Minor State

i)No. 57 18 75

ii)Storage Mm3 103.642 53.379 157.021






1 2 3 4 5


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 115 33 148

ii)Storage Mm3 46.99 10.77 57.76


Total

i)No. 181 53 234

ii)Storage Mm3 1142.312 168.953 1311.265


11 KAYADHU

a)Major

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 198.78 198.78


b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 12 5 17

ii)Storage Mm3 25.268 16.852 42.120


d) Minor LS

i)No. 12 1 13

ii)Storage Mm3 4.87 0.45 5.32


Total

i)No. 24 7 31

ii)Storage Mm3 30.138 216.082 246.220


12(A) SUDHA

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0







1 2 3 4 5


b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 11 0 11

ii)Storage Mm3 22.177 0 22.177


d) (I)Minor LS

i)No. 6 1 7

ii)Storage Mm3 2.8 1.37 4.17


Total

i)No. 17 1 18

ii)Storage Mm3 24.977 1.37 26.347


12(B) SUWARNA

a)Major

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State

i)No. 0 0 0



d) Minor LS

i)No. 0 3 3

ii)Storage Mm3 0 1.43 1.43







1 2 3 4 5

Total

i)No. 0 3 3

ii)Storage Mm3 0 1.43 1.43


13 PENGANGA

a)Major

i)No. 0 3 3

ii)Storage Mm3 0 1888.87 1888.87


b)Medium

i)No. 10 1 11

ii)Storage Mm3 158.576 181.1 339.676


c)Minor State

i)No. 128 44 172

ii)Storage Mm3 297.667 198.305 495.972


d) Minor LS

i)No. 306 27 333

ii)Storage Mm3 124.39 21.204 145.594


Total

i)No. 444 75 519

ii)Storage Mm3 580.633 2289.479 2870.112


14 PUS

a)Major

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 91.26 0 91.26


b)Medium

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 59.63 0 59.63







1 2 3 4 5

c)Minor State

i)No. 131 26 157

ii)Storage Mm3 59.48 38.60 98.08


d) Minor LS

i)No. 14 10 24

ii)Storage Mm3 13.926 10.034 23.96


Total

i)No. 147 36 183

ii)Storage Mm3 224.296 48.634 272.930


15 ARUNAWATI

a)Major

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 169.67 0 169.67


b)Medium

i)No. 3 1 4

ii)Storage Mm3 126.88 24.45 151.33


c)Minor State

i)No. 40 32 72

ii)Storage Mm3 83.85 107.63 191.48


d) Minor LS

i)No. 45 49 94

ii)Storage Mm3 29.62 37.159 66.779


Total

i)No. 89 82 171

ii)Storage Mm3 410.02 169.239 579.259


16 BEMBLA






1 2 3 4 5

a)Major

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 302.67 0 302.67


b)Medium

i)No. 1 0 1



c)Minor State 0

i)No. 31 0 31

ii)Storage Mm3 157.96 0 157.96


d) Minor LS

i)No. 30 7 37

ii)Storage Mm3 20.761 8.995 29.756


Total

i)No. 63 7 70

ii)Storage Mm3 488.001 8.995 496.996


17 WARDHA

a)Major

i)No. 1 2 3

ii)Storage Mm3 434.49 467.54 902.03


b)Medium 0

i)No. 3 9 12

ii)Storage Mm3 47.22 328.8 376.02


c)Minor State

i)No. 95 20 115

ii)Storage Mm3 165.03 102.01 267.04


d) Minor LS






1 2 3 4 5

i)No. 117 26 143

ii)Storage Mm3 53.075 19.22 72.295


Total

i)No. 216 57 273

ii)Storage Mm3 699.815 917.57 1617.385


18 VENNA

a)Major

i)No. 2 0 2



b)Medium 0

i)No. 9 1 10

ii)Storage Mm3 199.27 21.54 220.81


c)Minor State 0

i)No. 25 10 35

ii)Storage Mm3 50.894 49.908 100.802


d) Minor LS

i)No. 12 1 13

ii)Storage Mm3 9.78 0.83 10.61


Total

i)No. 48 12 60

ii)Storage Mm3 570.944 72.278 643.222


19 ERAI 0

a)Major 0

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium 0






1 2 3 4 5

i)No. 3 0 3

ii)Storage Mm3 188.03 0 188.03


c)Minor State 0

i)No. 3 0 3

ii)Storage Mm3 3.149 0 3.149


d) Minor LS 0

i)No. 20 0 20



Total 0

i)No. 26 0 26

ii)Storage Mm3 198.679 0 198.679


20 ANDHARI

a)Major

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 227.75 227.75


b)Medium 0

i)No. 2 0 2

ii)Storage Mm3 94.38 0 94.38


c)Minor State 0

i)No. 67 0 67

ii)Storage Mm3 81.59 0 81.59


d) (I)Minor LS 0

i)No. 135 20 155

ii)Storage Mm3 35.3 12.05 47.35


Total 0

i)No. 204 21 225






1 2 3 4 5

ii)Storage Mm3 211.27 239.8 451.070


21 NAGG 0

a)Major 0

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium 0

i)No. 2 0 2

ii)Storage Mm3 15.56 0 15.56


c)Minor State 0

i)No. 3 0 3

ii)Storage Mm3 7.631 0 7.631


d) (I)Minor LS 0

i)No. 28 0 28

ii)Storage Mm3 10.18 0 10.18


Total 0

i)No. 33 0 33

ii)Storage Mm3 33.371 0 33.371


22 KOLAR 0

a)Major 0

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium 0

i)No. 3 0 3

ii)Storage Mm3 43.51 0 43.51


c)Minor State 0

i)No. 6 0 6






1 2 3 4 5

ii)Storage Mm3 25.646 0 25.646


d) (I)Minor LS 0

i)No. 47 5 52

ii)Storage Mm3 20.06 3.56 23.62


Total 0

i)No. 56 5 61

ii)Storage Mm3 89.216 3.56 92.776


23 KANHAN 0

a)Major 0

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 40.48 40.48


b)Medi um 0

i)No. 1 1 2

ii)Storage Mm3 23.81 0 23.81


c)Minor State 0

i)No. 4 1 5

ii)Storage Mm3 6.913 2.14 9.053


d) Minor LS 0

i)No. 123 8 131

ii)Storage Mm3 47.69 2.93 50.62


Total 0

i)No. 128 11 139

ii)Storage Mm3 78.413 45.55 123.963


24 PENCH 0

a)Major 0

i)No. 1 0 1






1 2 3 4 5

ii)Storage Mm3 1158.90 0 1158.90


b)Medium 0

i)No. 3 0 3



c)Minor State 0

i)No. 2 1 3

ii)Storage Mm3 3.407 0 3.407


d) Minor L S 0

i)No. 50 0 50

ii)Storage Mm3 26.16 0 26.16


Total 0

i)No. 56 1 57

ii)Storage Mm3 1188.467 0 1188.467


25 WAINGANGA

a)Major

i)No. 2 1 3

ii)Storage Mm3 1363 62.02 1425.02


b)Medium 0

i)No. 10 18 28

ii)Storage Mm3 267.56 91.095 358.655


c)Minor State 0

i)No. 84 11 95

ii)Storage Mm3 177.051 24.057 201.108


d) Minor LS 0

i)No. 553 13 566

ii)Storage Mm3 165.62 5.52 171.14






1 2 3 4 5


Total 0

i)No. 649 43 692

ii)Storage Mm3 1973.231 182.692 2155.923


26 BAGH

a)Major

i)No. 3 0 3



b)Medium 0

i)No. 6 1 7

ii)Storage Mm3 38.812 13.89 52.702


c)Minor State 0

i)No. 14 6 20

ii)Storage Mm3 25.658 12.377 38.035


d) Minor LS 0

i)No. 272 27 299

ii)Storage Mm3 76.51 8.48 84.99


Tota l 0

i)No. 295 34 329

ii)Storage Mm3 370.98 34.747 405.727


27 GADHAVI

a)Major

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 317.87 0 317.87


b)Medium 0

i)No. 0 0 0







1 2 3 4 5


c)Minor State 0

i)No. 15 3 18

ii)Storage Mm3 13.675 11.42 25.095


d) Minor LS 0

i)No. 204 5 209

ii)Storage Mm3 57.24 1.97 59.21


Total 0

i)No. 220 8 228

ii)Storage Mm3 388.785 13.39 402.175


28 KHOBRAGADI 0

a)Major 0

i)No. 0 1 1

ii)Storage Mm3 0 216.95 216.95


b)Medium 0

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State 0

i)No. 1 2 3

ii)Storage Mm3 0.69 4.38 5.07


d) (I)Minor LS 0

i)No. 0 0 0



Total 0

i)No. 1 3 4

ii)Storage Mm3 0.69 221.33 222.02







1 2 3 4 5

29 PRANHITA

a)Major

i)No. 1 0 1

ii)Storage Mm3 67.54 0 67.54


b)Medium 0

i)No. 0 4 4

ii)Storage Mm3 0 14.72 14.72


c)Minor State 0

i)No. 6 0 6



d) (I)Minor LS 0

i)No. 2 0 2



Total 0

i)No. 9 4 13

ii)Storage Mm3 76.07 14.72 90.79


30 INDRAWATI 0

a)Major 0

i)No. 0 0 0



b)Medium 0

i)No. 0 0 0



c)Minor State 0

i)No. 1 2 3

ii)Storage Mm3 1.88 8.677 10.557







1 2 3 4 5

d) Minor LS 0

i)No. 11 0 11



Total

i)No. 12 2 14

ii)Storage Mm3 4.58 8.677 13.257


Total

Total Godavari

1 Total Major

No. 31 20 51

Storage Mm3 9564.99 4911.19 14476.18

Irrigation Ha. 1264345 818968 2083313

2 Total Medium

No. 113 45 158

Storage Mm3 2075.968 971.345 3047.313

Irrigation Ha. 348148 298009 646157

3 Total Minor State

No. 1329 232 1561

Storage Mm3 2642.619 806.155 3448.774

Irrigation Ha. 534051 138587 672638

4 Total Minor Local Sector

No. 2795 296 3091

Storage Mm3 1067.667 180.111 1247.778

Irrigation Ha. 216699 30427 247126

Total Project 4268 593 4861 Total Storage 15351.244 6868.801 22220.045 Total Irrigation Ha. 2363243 1285991 3649234

* The area of Upper Godavari sub basin 512390 ha. includes Jayakwadi irrigation area of 183322 ha., which is in Middle Godavari sub basin.

Data Source: The information of Irrigation Potential of completed and ongoing projects is enclosed in a seperate booklet as "Status of Irrigation Development".




Table 7-3: Abstract of Status of Irrigation Development

Sr. No.

Sub Basin

Geogra-phical Area

(Sq.Km.)

GCA (Ha) GCA % Geogra-phical Area

Completed Ongoing

CCA % CCA %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Upper Godavari

15509 529200 32.05 374158 71 122764 23

2 Mula 3507 116032 39.97 100779 88 15253 12

3 Pravara 2902 112691 32.13 104915 93 3924 3.5

4 Middle Godavari 17394 374332 21.41 211606 56 65153 17

5 Manjra 7275 160973 22.61 92456 57 10187 6

6 Terna 3241 81451 25.69 45425 56 17867 22

7 Lendi 2189 64348 40.47 22326 35 23827 37

8 Manar 2645 74776 29.96 33914 45 15052 20

9 Dudhna 6039 119842 21.32 25810 35 54774 46

10 Purna 10275 115331 11.12 67715 59 67715 59

11 Kayadhu 2239 8178 3.75 4688 57 3490 43

12 Sudha-Swarna 13352 7366 7.71 4048 55 700 10

13 Penganga 803 282697 20.82 83870 30 198827 70

14 Pus 1908 33747 18.07 27908 83 5839 17

15 Arunavati 5171 125239 26.71 37687 30 87552 70

16 Bembla 2684 53040 18 7729 15 40311 76

17 Wardha 12469 300101 23 61383 20 222925 74

18 Venna 5364 162325 28.61 105042 65 33240 20

19 Erai 1341 9381 9.96 8552 91 636 7

20 Andhari 4161 110932 29.3 32640 29 51787 47

21 Nag 930 10800 11.6 10800 100 0 0

22 Kolar 994 17898 17.97 16289 91 318 1

23 Kanhan 1488 13149 8.84 3838 29 0 0

24 Pench 539 17094 3.53 7874 46 6177 36

25 Wainganga 13935 15952 11.58 14913 93 973.5 6




Sr. No.

Sub Basin

Geogra-phical Area

(Sq.Km.)

GCA (Ha) GCA % Geogra-phical Area

Completed Ongoing

CCA % CCA %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

26 Bagh 2074 49486 17.78 12265 25 24409 50

27 Gadhvi 1654 28113 18.04 13233 47 4737 17

28 Khobragadi 1656 62574 33.8 1955 3 25117 40

29 Pranhita 3682 2927.2 0.82 2533.21 87 12.11 1

30 Indravati 5178 27622 5.13 962 1 2200 1

Total 152598 3087597.2 19.63 1537313.21 1105766.6

The CCA is in conformity with the original projected potential. These figure correspond to system efficiencies varying from 100 Ha to 150 Ha per Mm3of live storage. The above data could not be updated. Many a modifications have been enforced on account of increasing reservations for non-irrigation use. Further the revision in hydrology has not been reflected in the planning. It is necessary to redefine the scope of the projects for realistic planning of the irrigation water use and evaluation thereafter. The aim shall be “enhancing the efficiency” and can be achieved through adoption of PIM, VM, pipe distribution, micro irrigation, eight monthly irrigation, reuse, recycling etc.

The major observations emerged and analysis and recommendations thereupon are as follows:

Low Inflows

The comparison of data on designed live storage and actual live storage covering previous 5 to 10 years shows that reservoirs were filled to approximately 75% to 95% of its designed live storage capacity for projects in Upper Godavari, Mula, Pravara sub basins where as in case of Manjra sub basin it is only 45%.

Although average availability during last few years is somewhat less, it is not advisable to construct new storages as it will affect the yield available on downstream side. The deficit in the sub basin in the particular year can be met out using the available water efficiently and accepting the situation.

Less Water Use in Kharif

Actual water use is less than planned utilization because of less water use to Kharif season particularly for medium and minor projects in Mula Sub Basin.

Irrigation Development

In 21 sub basins the achievement of irrigation potential is sumptuous. In case of Lendi, Dudhana, Penganga, Arunavati, Wardha, Bagh the major development will be through ongoing projects where as in case of Kanhan, Khobragadi and Indravati it will be through future projects.




In some projects in Dudhna sub basin the work of construction of field channels beyond of irrigation development is of the outlets is completed. However, due to lack of maintenance, this infrastructure is becoming redundant. Though not specifically mentioned, the picture of the infrastructure is more or less same for other sub basins as well.

Forest Land

Many projects in Bagh (Satbahini-Medium, Pindkepar-Medium and Pandharvani-L.I.S.), Gadhvi, Khobragadi, Pranhita and Indravati sub basins have been held up due to want of forest land acquisition and environmental clearances. Irrigation projects are held up due to forest conservation act. The projects are held up for over a decade and getting forest clearance to them in near future is quite unlikely. Therefore, there is a need to go for alternative & probably smaller projects affecting lesser forest land. However a radical policy change is the key to solution of the time.

Irrigation Management

Present irrigation in Bagh, Gadhvi sub basins being done on these tanks is mostly in Kharif for paddy but, no or little water remains balance in them for the Rabi crop. So is the case with most projects in Eastern Vidarbha. The need of the time is diversification - from the water guzzling summer paddy.

30% of Wainganga sub basin is fit for flow irrigation as per irrigability classification and Category C can become fit for irrigation after a proper drainage system is developed through CAD activities.

Looking to the low overall irrigation efficiency the need of the time is to invest on improvement of overall system efficiency. This will include reduction in reservoir and conveyance/ distribution network losses, increasing field efficiency and policy changes.

Local Opposition

Implementation of many projects has been held up due to local oppositions from the farmers being affected. The problems in land acquisition and rehabilitation have assumed a serious proportion.

Ground Water Based Irrigation

The Godavari basin is dotted with a substantial large number of dug wells/bore wells in command area of irrigation projects as well as in the un-command area. The wells in the command area facilitate conjunctive use of water whereas the wells outside provide an independent facility for drawing upon the ground water. Electric pump sets have been installed on almost all the wells that are in use. The power tariff for agriculture is very low and so is the recovery. This has resulted in increasingly heavy draft of groundwater.

The statistics covering the numbers of wells, area irrigated on wells, connections and energy are monitored by Agriculture Department, Government of Maharashtra. The relevant details for each of the sub basins are given in following table:




Table 7-4: Well Irrigation in Godavari Basin

Sr. No.

Sub Basin Area under Wells (Ha) Remark Command Un

command Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Upper

Godavari 57,921 1,51,223 2,09,144 The existing draft of groundwater

wells in the sub-basin is 0.66 ha. m/ well.

2 Mula 35,000 The average area irrigated per well is 1.81 ha.

3 Pravara 3,09,684 The average area irrigated per well is 6.46 ha. This figure is exceptionally high. Apparently the fact is that the area under canal command is shown as area under well irrigation.

4 Middle Godavari

42,323 74,038 Assessment carried out by WRD in year 2009–10, 42,323 ha in command area (2 ha per well)

5 Manjara 74,923 The average area irrigated per well is 1.1 ha.

6 Dudhna 83,750 The existing well irrigation in the sub-basin is 83750 ha. The ultimate well irrigation potential by 2030 is estimated to be 138040 ha.

7 Kayadhu 22,000 Rate of Irrigation is 1.30 ha/well. Estimation by GSDA by year 2030 is 27,204 Ha of irrigation at 1.30 ha/well

8 Sudha Swarna

118 3

1310 230

1428 233

Area irrigated at 1 ha/well Area irrigated at 1 ha/well

9 Penganga 71,000 Rate of irrigation is 1.4 ha/well. Estimation by GSDA by year 2030 is 1,42,625 Ha of irrigation at 1.25 ha/well

10 Pus 11,000 Rate of Irrigation is 1.5 ha/No (GSDA Report 2007-08) Estimation by detailed Survey for 2009-10 is 13,042Ha with rate of irrigation 1.4 ha/well Estimation by GSDA by year 2030 is 19,930 Ha of irrigation at 1 ha/well

11 Arunavati 30,000 Rate of Irrigation is 1.49 ha/No (GSDA Report 2007-08) Estimation by Detailed Survey for year 2009-10 is 33,121 Ha of irrigation at 1.40 ha/well

12 Bembla 1022 14,109 15,131 13 Venna 6075 38,011 44,086 14 Erai 147 1140 1287 15 Nag 1378 1403 2781 16 Kolar 2416 6800 9216 17 Kanhan 2872 1614 4486 18 Pench 519 71 590 19 Bagh 1008 1634 2642 20 Gadhvi 1087




Sr. No.

Sub Basin Area under Wells (Ha) Remark Command Un

command Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 21 Khobragadi Nil 2110 2110 22 Pranhita 2285 23 Indravati Nil 1822 1822

Total 115,802 144,292 416857 The area under well irrigation is about 22.5% when compared to the existing Surface Irrigation

Area irrigated ranges from minimum 1 Ha/well (Sudha-Swarna, Manjra), 2 Ha/well (Middle Godavari) and maximum 6 Ha/well (Pravara). The average irrigation is 1.5 Ha/well for the remaining sub basins.

Electric connections (number) and electricity consumption (installed capacity) details for well irrigation is not available except the two sub basins namely Upper Godavari and Purna sub basins where it is 2,09,144 No./467 MW and 1,17,008 No./468 MW respectively and electric consumption rate works out approximately as 2.2 KW/Ha.

7.1.3 Lift Irrigation This sub paragraph covers Surface Water Irrigation based upon Lifting of water from various sources. The water is lifted by means of pumps from the source and conveyed through the rising mains to the main delivery chamber that is situated at the top most location in the command area. This water is further conveyed and distributed amongst the beneficiary farmers by means of suitable secondary and tertiary systems.

Whereas the system for taking the water to the main delivery chamber makes use of pumps, the distribution system is typically completely gravity-based, and has to be designed solely on the basis of the available hydraulic head. In addition, the area to be irrigated is scattered and has varying topography, and each farm is of a different size, so it can be a challenge to design a gravity-based system that delivers a fair volume of water to each farmer. Several mechanisms have been developed to meet these challenges.

In the most prevalent system, the area under irrigation is divided into different blocks according to topography determined by contour plan. The water requirement for each block is determined, and pipe lines are designed for these blocks depending on the available head and required discharge. Field delivery chambers are then constructed on the distribution pipe lines, and valves are fitted to control the flow of the pipe lines, with flow from the main delivery chamber controlled by these valves. In this system, lines for lower fields have more discharge, because the force of gravity is greater, so water distribution can be unequal.

In other systems, the area is divided into three or four equal parts, and each part is given the entire discharge for one day. This means each part gets rotation of the full design discharge on the fourth or fifth day. Again, however, water distribution can be unequal, and alternate methods of distribution have been proposed to deal with this problem.

Source




The sources for lift irrigation schemes, nature and objective are summarized in following table 7.5:

Table 7-5: Sources, Nature and Objective of Lift Irrigation Schemes

Sr. No.

Source Nature Objective

1 2 3 4 1 Rivers and

Streams K.T. weirs/Diversion weirs for harnessing post monsoon flows as well as post monsoon releases from reservoirs

Provide irrigation facility where flow irrigation is not available

2 Reservoirs Pumping from reservoirs Provide irrigation for fringe area above the submergence spread and Galper lands

3 Canals Pumping from main contour canal

Provide irrigation for higher level command

Agency

Lift irrigation schemes in various sub basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra are either Government Schemes or Private Schemes.

Scenario

The present scenario for the various lift irrigation schemes in different sub basins is given in the following table 7.6:

Table 7-6: Lift Schemes in Godavari Basin

Sr. No.

Sub Basin Lift Scheme Status Potential Ha

Remarks

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Upper Godavari

Bramhangavhan 1 Tajnapur Medium(I)

Completed 3205 O and M of the LIS is difficult nowadays due to inadequate water and non-availability of power supply and funds.

Bramhangavhan (2 I)

Nearly Completed

6707 No further LIS may be sanctioned in the interest of the command area downstream of Jayakwadi

Bramhangavhan (2-II)

Ongoing 4182

Tajnapur-II 4561

1755

Total (5 No.) 20410

2 Mula Mula High Level Piped Scheme (Wambori LIS)

Almost Completed

3568

Bhagada L.I.S. 250

Wambori L.I.S. 1886

Total (3 No.) 5704

3 Pravara Government




Sr. No.


Remarks

1 2 3 4 5 6

Bhandardara – Guhire

Completed 162 For irrigating above area of 3975 ha, quantity of water required will be about 27 Mm3. Guhire – Randha 137

Shendi – Randha 235

Randha – Kondani 186

Jagdamba at Katalpur

Ongoing 260

Waki –Manhere 264

Chinchodi 257

Warangushi 266

Kohandi 600

Pimpalgaon-Nakwinda

590

Pimpalkahne/Shelvi 410

Total (11 No) 3366

Private/C o-operative/Sugar Factories

LIS on Pravara river (between Bhandardara to Ozar)

1154 Permissible Area

1203 No. of Schemes

7668 Area Sanctioned

LIS from Bhandardara Reservoir


29 No. of Schemes

177 Area Sanctioned

LIS from Nilwande Reservoir


7 No. of Schemes


LIS on PLBC 1458 Permissible Area

92 No. of Schemes


LIS on PRBC 850 Permissible Area Ha.

142 No. of Schemes

2075 Area Sanctioned Ha.

4 Middle Godavari

Vishnupuri Part – I Completed 19524 Total water requirement for command of 73827 Ha will be 412.13 Mm3.

Vishnupuri Part – II (12 No. of Barrages)

25598 The present lift irrigation is 2.5% of CCA and will be 4.6% of CCA by 2030.

Babhali Barrage 7995

Lift Irrigation Scheme (IDCOM)

0

Private Lifts 20710




Sr. No.


Remarks

1 2 3 4 5 6

Total (5 No.) 73827

5 Manjra Shivani Completed 146

Bhatangli 145

Kasarkheda 145

Mahapur 166

Total (4 No.) 602

6 Dudhna Santona Ongoing 1715

Koregaon 1551

Idoli 1369

Sri.Jawala 1127

Total (4 No.) 5762

7 Purna Wadod Bazaar 101

Total (1 No.) 101

8 Wardha Kirmiri Darur Completed 2443

Bharosa 250

Nandwardhan 526

Dhanora 528

Palasgaon Amdi Ongoing 3902

Sonapur Tomata 2847

Total (6 No.) 10496

11 Pench Satrapur LIS Ongoing 2620

12 Wainganga Tekepar LIS Completed 29930

Kotgal LIS

WagholiButi LIS

Haranghat LIS

Gogaon LIS

Bapera LIS

Mangli LIS

Pauni LIS

Donad LIS

Khairana LIS

Dhapewada LIS Ongoing 226379

Dangorli LIS

Nerla LIS

Mokhabardi LIS

Ambhora LIS

Karachkheda LIS

Total (16 No.) 256309

13 Bagh Rajegaon Kati LIS Ongoing 3060




Sr. No.


Remarks

1 2 3 4 5 6

Total (1 No.) 3060

15 Khobragadi Mendha LIS (L.S.) Ongoing 105

Total (1 No.) 105

16 Pranhita Regdivikaspalli LIS Completed 647

3 LIS Ongoing 0

Total (7 No.) 647

Total number of LIS – 98 No. Total Potential

397140 # Area Sanctioned for Private/Cooperative/Sugar Factories in Pravara Sub Basin has been considered

# the implementation of LIS for new Sugarcane area be may be reviewed in light of the DDD committee and MWIC recommendations accepted by GoM.

7.1.3.1 Lift Irrigations Schemes (LIS) on Reservoirs It is observed in Lendi sub basin that there is an increasing trend in utilisation of water directly from reservoir (16% in 2005-06 and 37% in 2006-07 and 2007-08).

7.1.3.2 Cropping Pattern on LIS Project wise observations regarding cropping pattern on reservoir lifts in 2006-07 is presented below-

Lendi Sub Basin

Karadkhed Medium Project – Cropping pattern on reservoir lifts for year 2006-07 shows that main crops cultivated on reservoir lift are Banana (50%), Cotton (17%) and Wheat (13%).

Kundrala Medium Project – Main crops cultivated on reservoir lift are HW groundnut (42%), Gram (28%) and Sugarcane (25%). Reservoir irrigation is expensive and cultivation of seasonal crops should be encouraged in command area than on reservoir lift.

Tiru Medium Project – Main crops cultivated on reservoir lift are Sugarcane (73%), Gram (10%) and HW groundnut (5.5%).

Manar Sub Basin

Lower Manar Major Project – Main crops cultivated on reservoir lift are Sugarcane (46%), HW ground nut (20%), Wheat (16%) and Sunflower (9%).

Mahalingi Medium Project – Main crops cultivated on reservoir lift are Cotton (42%), Tur (42%), Sunflower (34%). Reservoir irrigation is expensive and cultivation of these seasonal crops should be encouraged in command area under gravity rather than on reservoir lift.




Pethwadaj Medium Project – Main crops cultivated on reservoir lift are HW groundnut (33%), Sugarcane (20%), vegetable (19%) and Wheat (16%).

Whati Medium Project – Main crops cultivated on reservoir lift are Sugarcane (79%), Wheat (14%) and HW groundnut (6%).

7.1.3.3 Performance of LIS Pravara

The number of Lift Irrigation Schemes in Pravara sub basin and area irrigated as given in above table is large as compared to other irrigation systems in Maharashtra State. This is not in conformity with the accepted eight monthly irrigation policy. The farmers are apparently being instigated to switchover to Sugarcane crop.

Terna

Terna sub basin has a major lift irrigation scheme at Lower Terna dam. The LIS is in operation since year 2001. The planned irrigation potential created under this scheme is 6890 ha spread over in the talukas i) Lohara (790 ha) ii) Osmanabad (5740 ha) of Osmanabad district & iii) Ausa (360 ha) in Latur district. The water utilization envisaged is about 49.41Mm3. The expenditure incurred is about Rs. 120 cror.

In 2000-01, 308 ha (362 ha in Rabbi and 18 ha in Hot Weather) were irrigated by this scheme. In 2001-02, 288 ha (237 ha in Rabbi and 51 ha in Hot Weather) were irrigated by this scheme. Thereafter the scheme was not operational till 2006-07 due to inadequate water in Lower Terna dam. Thus the performance of the scheme is dismal.

Manjra

LIS in Manjra sub basin are defunct and can not be operated in future.

Upper Godavari

O and M of the LIS in Upper Godavari is difficult nowadays due to inadequate power supply and funds and no further LIS may be sanctioned in the interest of the command area downstream of Jayakwadi.

Dudhna

In neighboring Purna sub-basin, 5 LIS were implemented under crash programmed in 1972. These schemes did not perform for the reasons such as adequacy of power supply, poor response of the beneficiaries etc. For successful operation of the proposed LIS schemes it is proposed to implement these schemes in Public-Private Partnership (PPP), ensure the minimum hours of power supply, and encourage the beneficiary farmers to go for cash crops like Cotton, horticulture, etc. Coupled with this, micro-irrigation systems should be incorporated in the project itself (including cost) so that the irrigation potential can increase by 50% and give extra 40% yield.

In such a scenario, it shall be mandatory to ensure matching tariffs with pre-consent of the beneficiaries.

Purna, Wardha

The total irrigation potential of these LIS is 18219ha. For successful operation, it is proposed to implement these schemes in Public-private partnership. This can be achieved by ensuring minimum hours of power supply, and encouraging the beneficiary farmers to go for cash crops like Cotton, horticulture, etc. Coupled with this micro-irrigation systems should be incorporated in the project itself (including cost) so that the irrigation potential can be increased by 40-50% with




extra yields of 20-40%, thereby becoming techno-economically viable and sustainable. Management of LI schemes is difficult due to inadequate supply of electricity, non-availability of funds to operate them etc.

7.1.3.4 Energy Requirement

Terna

The pump house no. 1 has 6 V. T. Pumps with 550 HP each. The pump house no. 2 has also 6 V. T. Pumps with 600 HP each. The rate of pumping water for the Pump House no. 1 is 5.54m3/sec and for the Pump House no. 2 it is 4.63m3/sec. The quantity of water estimated to be pumped will be about 49.41 Mm3 and 43.41Mm3 resp. with total pumping hours as 2570 and 2964 rep. The electrical units consumed will be about 1.0545 MUs & 1.52 MUs resp. By and large, it is experienced that the cost of lifting of 1 Cu M of water to a head of 50 meter is Rs. 1.70 (This figure is based upon old rate structure. The present cost would be much higher now). The option should therefore be used with the understanding of the inherent limitations.

7.1.3.5 Policy based on Techno-Economic Consideration

Sudha-Swarna

Considering the amount of power required for running of the Lift Irrigation Schemes and the present status of completed and ongoing state owned Lift Irrigation Schemes, it is felt that in future no major Lift Irrigation Schemes shall be undertaken by the State. Only private and co-operative Lift Irrigation Schemes shall be permitted. However the farmers who have their farm land near reservoir, they may be allowed to lift water from the reservoir if they demand so.

Penganga

As per the GoI guidelines - considering the techno-economic aspects, such lift-schemes can be planned economically up to a height of 60 meter. Three such lift-irrigation schemes viz. Parwa, Kali & Mukutban have already been proposed on Lower-Penganga Project with a total irrigation potential of 85,504 ha (ICA) using 499.36 Mm³ of water.

7.1.4 Sedimentation Sedimentation is the tendency of particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained and come to rest against a barrier. In geology, sedimentation is often used as the opposite of erosion. Sedimentation is the termination of the settling process.

Assessment of sedimentation is done by carrying out through analytical processing as well carrying out hydrographic survey at regular interval. This is weighed against the assumptions made in planning and designing. Remedial measures for controlling incoming sediment load are proposed where sediment estimation is much higher than the considered in planning and designing.

Scenario

The scenario for sedimentation in various sub basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra is summarized in the following table 7.7:




Table 7-7 : Sedimentation in Sub Basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra

Sr. No.

Sub Basin Reservoir Age Years

Live Storage

Mm3

Reduction in

Remarks

Live Storage %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Upper Godavari

Jayakwadi 34 2171 8.24 MERI Nashik 2013

Medium Projects

2 No.

26 - 40 30 3.33 Foot hills of Sahyadri

8 No.

48 67 1.38 Plain lands

Minor Projects

82 No.

1 - 106 182 1.48

2 Mula Mula 32 609 4.322 CWPRS Study - 2004

3 Pravara Bhandardara 80 304 - No canals and releases are from river sluice

CWPRS Study - 2004

4 Middle Godavari

Majalgaon 27 4.78* Siltation Rate ham/ 100sq-km/ year as surveyed by MERI-Nashik

Medium Projects

Wan 36 2.66*

Bindusara 35 7.92*

35

5 Manjara Manjara 6 13 MERI – Nashik

6 Terna Lower Terna 13 114 7 MERI – Nashik

7 Lendi Medium Projects

Tiru 24 15.3 19

8 Manar 45 138 8.34 MERI Nashik 2016

Observed rate of sedimentation for Lower Manar project is 3.94 ha-m/100 km2/ year

9 Dudhana No data as Storage commenced from 2010

10 Purna Yeladari 43 809.77 14.38 MERI Nashik 2011-12

Siddheshwar 44 80.96 1.02 MERI Nashik 2006-07

* 3.57 to 5.7711 ha-m/100 Sq Km / Year in 1983

11 Kayadhu No major/medium dam constructed in the sub-basin




Sr. No.


Live Storage

Mm3

Reduction in

Remarks

Live Storage %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

12 Sudha-Swarna

No scope for major/medium project and no sedimentation survey is done for minor projects

13 Penganga Upper Penganga

20 964.07 3.08 Regional Remote Sensing Centre, (RRSC) Jodhpur in 2001-2005

14 Pus Upper - Pus 36 83.37 7.89 MERI, Nasik in 2006-2007

Lower - Pus 21 58.62 0.84

15 Arunavati Goki Project 26 38.172 5.81* MERI, Nasik June-2010

16 Bembla Medium - 1 No.

6.61 3.33

Minor - 10 No.

42.44 6.06

17 Wardha Estimated annual siltation rate per year is 0.3% of live storage which is high

18 Venna Bor 45 3.96 MERI, Nasik- Remote sensing

Nand 17 17.29

(Lower Venna)

Medium Dham

18 3.97

19 Erai Medium - 3 No.

223.56 8.58

Minor - 3 No.

3.19 10.66

20 Andhari Medium - 3 No.

110 15.46

Minor - 12 No.

27 7.41

21 Nag Siltation surveys are not done

22 Kolar Siltation surveys are not done

23 Kanhan Siltation surveys are not done

24 Pench Totladoh 24 1026.8 6.52 Remote Sensing Method

25 Wainganga None of the large, medium and small dams have been surveyed and studied

26 Bagh Sedimentation survey of Projects in Bagh sub basin is yet to be taken

27 Gadhvi Itiadoh The study was done by MERI, Nashik –Remote Sensing technique & results arrived show increase in storage of dam instead of reduction in storage due to silting




Sr. No.


Live Storage

Mm3

Reduction in

Remarks

Live Storage %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

28 Khobragadi No major, medium or minor state sector projects constructed in the sub-basin. Hence no sedimentation survey can be done.

29 Pranhita Sedimentation survey of Projects is yet to be taken up

30 Indravati There are no major or medium projects constructed in the sub-basin.

Note – The unit for siltation in column (vi) is % loss of the live storage, however, observed rate of siltation – ha-m/ 100sq km/ year is shown with *

7.1.4.1 Siltation Rate Silt rate as per Govt. Circular Dt.5.5.1992 is 6 Ha m/100 Sq km./ yr. The distribution of silt load has to be done by empirical area reduction method confirming to IS 5477. The silt load distribution will be 3 Ha m/ 100sq km/ yr in live storage area & 3Ha m/ 100 sq km /yr in dead storage area. However, observed silt rates are:

Mula

The results in general indicate that the rate of percentage annual loss is 0.117% of gross capacity appears to be comparatively on the lower side in comparison to percentage annual loss of 0.5% to 1% in many of the Indian Reservoirs.

Pravara

The loss in live storage due to siltation is nil as Bhandardara Dam does not have direct canal system from it and all releases are made through river sluice due to which the deposited silt is washed away every year resulting in no loss in live storage.

Pench

Rate of siltation considered for original planning was 0.357 Mm3/year and the rate worked out as per study by Remote Sensing Survey is 0.785 mm/year i.e. actual rate of silting is about 120% more than the designed rate of siltation.

7.1.4.2 Remedial Measures The remedial measures are presented in detail in Chapter 18 Prevention of Losses under sub head Sedimentation. However, the remedial measures suggested as in Chapter 7.1 Surface Irrigation of the various sub basin Reports are:

Manjra

Catchment area treatment works need to be taken in degraded and critically degraded catchments so as to reduce rate of siltation in the reservoirs. These works include soil conservation works, Nala bunding, contour trenches, afforestation etc. In fact, this is one of the conditions stipulated by GoI for giving environment clearance to Major Irrigation project. The implementation at field level is negligible.




Purna

In order to prevent the siltation in the irrigation projects and thereby reduction in the live storage of the dams, the catchment area treatment should be done on priority and should be compulsorily completed before the completion of the irrigation project. The treatment of the catchment is suggested to arrest the silt at different locations by constructing soil and water conservation structures such as percolation tank, nalla bunds, check dams, farm bunds, live farm bunds and canopy of plantation around the reservoir area.

Wardha

The catchment area treatment is suggested to arrest the silt at different locations by constructing soil and water conservation structures such as percolation tank, nalla bunds, check dams, farm bunds, live farm bunds and canopy of plantation around the reservoir area.

7.1.4.3 Recommendations Wardha

Considering the higher rate of siltation in these reservoirs, it is suggested to carry out the systematic and periodical siltation surveys at 10 years intervals to prevent the siltation in the irrigation projects, and thereby, reduction in the live storage of the dams, the catchment area treatment should be done on priority before the completion of the irrigation project. Catchment area treatment is suggested for arresting the silt at different nodes by constructing soil and water conservation structures such as percolation tank, nalla bunds, check dams, farm bunds, live farm bunds and canopy of plantation around the reservoir area.

7.1.5 Special Features The surface irrigation development in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra has a long history and sub basin specific special features are described in following paragraphs:

Micro-Irrigation

It can be defined as the application of water at low volume and frequent interval under low pressure to plant root zone.

Since water is the limiting factor today, it must be utilized properly and maximum benefit shall be taken to the possible extent. Micro irrigation means application of optimum water according to plant requirement. Introduction of advanced and sophisticated methods viz. drip irrigation, sprinkler etc. makes it possible.

The present scenario of micro irrigation in various sub basins as well as proposed switching over in year 2030 is summarized in following table 7.1.8:




Table 7-7: Micro Irrigation in Godavari Basin

Sr. No.

Sub Basin Drip (Ha)

Sprinkler (Ha)

Total (Ha)

Status Remark

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Upper Godavari

75,000 Functioning As on March 2011

2 Mula 1972 Functioning On well irrigation 3 Pravara 2628 Functioning On well irrigation 4 Middle

Godavari 3,827 Functioning As on 2009-10 &

planned 4,37,330 Ha by 2030

5 Manjra 10,979 Functioning On well irrigation 6 Terna 849 3699 4548 Functioning As on 2006-07 7 Lendi 1290 3677 4957 Functioning As on 2008-09 8 Manar 1290 3677 4957 Functioning As on 2008-09 9 Dudhna 19,000 4,000 23,000 Functioning 3,24,535 Ha planned

by 2030 10 Purna 38,217 21,292 59,509 Functioning 5,94,229 Ha &

3,31,066 Ha planned by 2030

11 Kayadhu 128 9,367 9,495 Functioning 12 Penganga 13,647 23,749 37,397 Functioning 13 Pus 1,030 2,477 3,507 Functioning 14 Arunavati 937 6,023 6,960 Functioning As on 2008-09 15 Bembla 5,258 11,201 16,459 Functioning 1,42,494 Ha and

45,150 Ha planned by 2030

16 Wardha 10,806 20,424 31,230 Functioning 7,64,000 Ha planned by 2030

17 Venna 1,562 6,257 7,819 Functioning 18 Erai 46 244 290 Functioning 21,000 Ha and

12,617 Ha planned by 2030

19 Andhari 109 576 685 Functioning 66,500 Ha and 1,16,019 Ha planned by 2030

20 Bagh 23 3 26 Functioning 21 Gadhvi 0 4 4 Functioning 22 Khobragadi 0 4 4 Functioning 23 Pranhita 1 113 114 Functioning 24 Indravati 0 58 58 Functioning Total 136743 168702 305425 416857 The area under MIS

is about 73% of area (416857 Ha) under well irrigation

The Split between Drip and Sprinkler irrigation figures is pro - rata.

The data existing regarding micro-irrigation for Pench, SudhaSwarna, Nag, Kolar, Kanhan and Wainganga appears to be not presented in respective Reports. However, micro-irrigation for 3686 Ha, 23,600 Ha, 34050 Ha, 50474 Ha and 26853




Ha respectively has been proposed by 2030. No such prediction for Wainganga appears in the Report.

Feasibility of Projects

By proposing micro irrigation, instead of flow irrigation, benefit cost ratio of projects will be increased and the submergences ratio will decrease. Hence project will be more feasible.

Increasing Water Application Efficiency

It has been presented in Penganga, Pus and Arunavati sub basin Reports, the use of micro-irrigation system shall enable save a good quantum of water compared to water-required for conventional irrigation system. The total saving of water due to micro-irrigation system will be in the range of 30% to 40%.

Cropping Pattern

As suggested in Dudhna sub basin, the crops being irrigated by micro irrigation includes Tur, Sugarcane, Cotton, Horticulture crops (Mosambi), Vegetables (Capsicum, etc). Dudhna being water deficit sub-basin, micro-irrigation will prove beneficial. Ultimately 324535ha area is proposed to be brought under micro irrigation. The projection suggests micro irrigation for Horticulture, Sugarcane, Cotton, Vegetables and other crops. For major and medium projects permanent drip irrigation system is proposed in view of saving of water and achieving higher productivity of land. In minor projects or seasonal irrigation projects the mobile seasonal drip irrigation is proposed to be promoted by giving 90% subsidy/suitable and easy credit facilities. The entire irrigation in command and non-command area in 2030 is proposed on MIS. It will be appropriate to consider reduction in the subsidy so as to have more area under MIS. It will also ensure better involvement of the beneficiaries.

The MIS is more or less limited to well irrigation and farm pond irrigation. MWRRA has notified to introduce it on pilot basis on some basins such as Mula, Lower Manar, Upper Pus, Kanholi nalla etc. Based on experience of these pilot projects MIS would be introduced on all major and medium projects where perennial irrigation is planned. Still not more than 10 to 15% of area under canal irrigation can be brought under MIS.

Backlog

As per Letter No. PLN/2009/(68/09) P&M 1 dated 03/03/2009 of Water Resources Department, Mantralaya, Mumbai, the status of financial backlog in the districts in various sub basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra has been estimated and on that basis the backlog scenario in various sub basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra is given in following table




Table 7-8: Backlog in Various Sub Basins

Sr. No.

Sub Basin

Backog Reference Observations and Suggestions Recorded Physical

(Ha) Financial

(Rs. Crores)

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Nag

Kolar Kanhan Pench

32150 482.25 For Nagpur District as on 2008 at the rate of Rs. 150000/- per ha.

2 Gadhvi

2898 2.318 Government Report

Part Gadchiroli District at the rate of Rs 80000 per ha. It is proposed to evaluate backlog without considering irrigation due to Ex-mal Tanks as these tanks are almost 300 years old and many have either silted-up or have been encroached by farmers for cultivation or have been encroached for habitation & they provide protective irrigation in Kharif season only and do not provide irrigation for two seasons

3 Pranhita

2150 24,183

17.20 19.34

Government Report

Gadchiroli District Chadrapur District Same as Gadhvi Sub basin Needs special attention being a Naxalite area

4 Indravati 4552 36.42 Government Report

Gadchiroli District Same as Gadhvi Sub basin Needs special attention being a Naxalite area

The irrigation backlog has been worked out on district basis as on March 2008 as per Government Circular PLN/2009/ (68/09) P&M 1 dated 03/03/2009 of Water Resources Department, Mantralaya, Mumbai.

Three Districts namely Nagpur, Gadchiroli and Chandrapur Districts have backlog and it is:

Nagpur District with 32150 ha at the rate of Rs.150000 per ha amounting to Rs. 482.25 Cr. Gadchiroli District with 9600 ha at the rate of Rs. 80000 per ha amounting to Rs.76.78 Cr. Chandrapur District with 80610 ha at rate of Rs. 80000 per ha amounting to Rs. 644.85 Cr. Thus, totaling to 122360 ha and amounting to Rs. 559.03 Cr.

Nagpur District backlog pertains to Nag, Kolar, Kanhan and Pench sub basins. Gadchiroli backlog pertains to Gadhavi, Pranhita and Indravati sub basins. Chandrapur District backlog pertains to Pranhita sub basin.

The main reasons for backlog are:

Non-availability of forest land required for the projects Non-availability of forest and environmental clearances Difficult geology of terrain




It is proposed to evaluate backlog without considering irrigation due to Ex-mal Tanks as these tanks are almost 300 years old and many have either silted-up or have been encroached by farmers for cultivation or have been encroached for habitation & they provide protective irrigation in Kharif season only and do not provide irrigation for two seasons.

Special efforts both physical and financial support are needed for completing the projects so as to abridge the backlog and provide irrigation facilities and calm down the Naxalite disturbances.

7.1.6 Future Planning (a) Sub Basins

The future planning is forecasted for the year 2030 and is based on:

Water potential Available water in light of GWDT Award Provision and Interstate Agreements Equitable distribution of water through appropriate cropping pattern and Eight Monthly irrigation to the maximum possible extent Optimal utilization of available water resources through modern techniques such as drip and sprinkler irrigation Efficient water resources management through beneficiaries’ participation, measured volume of supplied water and irrigation water supply rates. Integrated optimal operation schedule for reservoirs, canal system and distribution network. In light of above considerations, the proposed future planning as suggested in various sub basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra is summarized in following table:

Table 7-9: Water Availability and Present/Future Planning

Sr. Sub Basin Water Availability Planned Use Mm3

No. Mm3 2010

50% 75% Average

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Upper Godavari 4761 4112 4964 5506.78 2 Mula 1006 785 985 884.33 3 Pravara 1166 876 1203 949.53 4 Middle Godavari 3628 2720 4091 1468.25 5 Manjra 1207 758 1285 777.959 6 Terna 371 274 397 342.393 7 Lendi* 403 316 425 283.652 8 Manar 410 247 427 577.70 9 Dudhna** 577 398 610 534.12 10 Purna 2321 1829 2682 1471.827 11 Kayadhu 538 333 607 248.143 12 Sudha 149 97 168 31.31

Swarna 105 74 111 1.43 13 Penganga 6990 5167 6554 3440.24 14 Pus 629 428 668 309.971 15 Arunavati 1229 785 1598 641.934 16 Bembla 383 272 430 510.619




Sr. Sub Basin Water Availability Planned Use Mm3

No. Mm3 2010

50% 75% Average

1 2 3 4 5 6

17 Wardha 3768 3074 4070 1708.816 18 Venna 1487 1131 1496 728.186 19 Erai 401 272 391 237.21 20 Andhari 2641 1615 2678 602.28 21 Nag 267 232 282 35.188 22 Kolar 285 245 325 92.558 23 Kanhan 384 322 402 335.51 24 Pench 192 136 206 1205.45 25 Wainganga 6455 5717 6578 3420.445 26 Bagh 934 743 984 569.934 27 Gadhvi 771 559 754 436.397 28 Khobragadi 784 688 872 279.22 29 Pranhita 1911 1425 1797 171.15 30 Indravati 3648 2977 3717 13.912 Total 49800 38607 51757 27816.444

* 75% Dependable Yield is revised considering yield of Lendi project cleared by CWC. Revised yield is 280 Mm

** 75% Dependable Yield is revised considering yield of Dudhana project cleared by CWC. Revised yield is 395

Mm3.

The water availability in various sub basins as per GWDT is for 75% dependable yield, however, for which quantification as done in KWDT has not been given. The allocated share to state concerned as given in GWDT through various clauses has been presented in the Report. However, water availability on average basis for 14 sub basins has been also presented.

The above water availability, present scenario for irrigation developed so far as on through State and Local Sector – Major/Medium/Minor (MIS/MIL) Projects has been also presented. The probable irrigation potential that can be developed by 2030 in light of above water availability in various sub basins has been also presented. The additional storages required for achieving so predicted irrigation potential by 2030 as estimated in various Reports have been compiled.

Few important issues and recommendations thereupon mentioned in the Reports are as follows:

Jayakwadi Planning and Utilization in Upper Godavar i Sub Basin

It is recommended to stop the construction of new storages upstream of Jayakwadi project in order to restrict further effect on filling of Jayakwadi dam.

It is necessary that even the projects that have Administrative Approval - including MI-1, MI-2and MI-3 are not taken up. New surface storages in the name of drinking water need shall also be forbidden.




Proposed that yield received in the reservoirs including Jayakwadi should be used in proportion of the culturable area in Northern Maharashtra and Marathwada regions.

State has set up a study committee to study equitable storages upstream of the Jayakwadi, requirement of water in Kharif, evaporation, losses etc. The recommendations given in this context shall be assented.

Implementation of the concept of Equitable Distribution is very difficult on many counts. It will be appropriate to visualize multiple scenarios of actual storages (based upon hydrology database) in the different reservoirs. The quantity of water required to be released into Jayakwadi shall be identified for the particular scenario on lines of the Mendhegiri committee report. The releases from the upper reservoirs shall be effected in the first fortnight of November each year as necessary to keep the conveyance losses to a minimum. The committee report shall be an important reference for the decision making by MWRRA.

Lesser Utilization in Middle Godavari Sub Basin

It is observed from the storage data for last 10 years that projects in this sub basin do not get filled every year due to variability of rainfall. Moreover, actual utilization is less because of low utilization in Kharif season. Therefore the utilization of water is always less than the water allocated by Tribunal award. All the rivers in this sub basin rise in low rainfall zone and on average the yield received are around 50% of the design yield. If for the most part the stored water is used for Rabi and the balance is used for HW/ perennial the situation shall be treated as satisfactory.

Diversion of Water for Non-Irrigation Use in Manjra Sub Basin

For Manjra Project even though actual non-irrigation use is (39.82/3) 13.27 Mm3 per year for last three years, it is seen that actual water required to be reserved in the reservoir is about 60 Mm3 per year. Similar is the case for medium and minor irrigation schemes. This large scale reservation for non-irrigation use drastically affects the irrigation utilization of about 3447 ha. The writing on wall is “With the increasing demand in urban and semi urban area and for the regional water supply schemes based on surface water the entire storage may have to be reserved for non-irrigation use.” The solution is to stop the industrial development in this area and to ensure that the rural water supply schemes are ground water based.

Substantial Siltation in Terna Sub Basin

The silting of small Minor Projects and Tanks may not be able to deliver the expected results. This may also need critical evaluation.

Need of Revised Water Planning in Dudhna Sub Basin

The projects are required to be planned at lower dependability. The concept of carryover storages is to be adopted. The effective rainfall in the sub-basin is more than the crop water requirement and therefore water for irrigation during Kharif is invariably not required. This demands revised planning in the projects where the provision of irrigation in Kharif was made.

Limitations for Creation of New Storages in Pengang a Sub Basin

The possibilities of using balance-water were studied. However, the opportunities of creating additional storages were far-fetched for reasons mentioned here below.




In the upper-reach of the basin upto G. & D. site at Fardapur (catchment-area of 1283 km2) no new storages are possible for want of sufficient availability of water.

The uncovered belt of land in the upper-reaches of the three lift-irrigation schemes on Lower-Penganga Project viz. Kali, Parwa and Mukutban in Penganga sub-basin constitutes mainly of forest-area. It is not possible to plan & execute new projects and generate irrigation facilities.

Essentiality of Lift Irrigation Schemes in Nag Sub Basin

To develop the full potential, all the lift irrigation schemes need to be backed up by storages created by constructing barrages are essential. All the area under lift - under perennial crops - shall have to be covered under Micro irrigation such as drip, sprinkler and diffuser with a duty of 200 ha/Mm3.

Need of Import Water in Kolar Sub Basin

Though the yield is available there are no suitable sites for Major/Medium/Minor Projects to store the water. Water is imported from Pench and Kanhan sub-basin to fulfil the demand of the sub-basin.

7.1.7 Executive Summary Availability of water in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra, for the most part, is from the monsoon rainfall available from June to October which is unevenly distributed over both space and time, whereas water demand for above purposes, excepting for the agriculture to a certain extent, is mostly evenly distributed over both space and time which dictates need of development of water resources through various water resources infrastructures namely major/medium/minor projects.

The water potential available in Godavari Basin belongs to Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and is governed through Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal Award (GWDTA) constituted for it along with various Interstate Agreements. The sub basins and water allocation within these sub basins as per GWDTA and subsequently by WRD - GOM has been fully described.

Water Resources Development Planning for each sub basin is based upon the available water resources in the sub basin subject to allocation within the framework of the GWDT Award, present scenario and future planning so as to obtain the optimal utilization of available water resources through flow irrigation is the subject of this chapter. This exercise is a collation of the data picked up from the sub basin reports and corroborated with the chapter 10 Water Balance.

Water potential in various sub basins in Godavari basin in Maharashtra has been estimated as described in Chapter 6 “Hydrology (Surface)” specifically devoted to the objective which has been vetted and approved by the Chief Engineer, Hydrology Project, Nashik, the Apex Agency designated by Maharashtra WRD and is the basis for water resources development planning.

Surface Water Irrigation

Present scenario for surface water based irrigation for number of projects (major/medium/minor) and status (completed, ongoing and future) in all 30 sub basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra along with observations since last 10 years and results thereupon has been presented. The major observations emerged and analysis and recommendations thereupon are Low Inflows (Upper Godavari, Mula,




Pravara, Manjra), Less Water Use in Kharif in Mula sub basin, Irrigation Development, forest land acquisition being hurdle (Bagh, Gadhvi, Khobragadi, Pranhita and Indravati), Irrigation Management practices in Bagh, Gadhvi and Wainganga sub basins and Local Opposition for the project in Purna sub basin.

Ground Water Based Irrigation

The ground water based irrigation namely through well irrigation and lift irrigation schemes has been fully described. The area irrigated from the wells in command area as well in un command area in the sub basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra have been presented. Area irrigated ranges from minimum 1 Ha/well (Sudha-Swarna, Manjra), 2 Ha/well (Middle Godavari) and maximum 6 Ha/well (Pravara). As stated herein above the exceptionally high efficiency in Pravara sub basin is apparently a deception in that area under canal irrigation is shown under well irrigation. Unfortunately the policy of “No Tariff”’ on wells in command is intensifying the anomaly. The average irrigation is 1.5 Ha/well for the remaining sub basins. Electric connections (number) and electricity consumption (installed capacity) details for well irrigation is not available except the two sub basins namely Upper Godavari and Purna sub basins where it is 2,09,144 No./467 MW and 1,17,008 No./468 MW respectively and electric consumption rate works out approximately as 2.2 KW/Ha. These figures of area under well irrigation and installed capacity of the pump set appear to be too high.

Lift Irrigation

Surface Water Irrigation based upon Lifting of water from various sources (reservoirs, canals, rivers etc.) and through various agencies (Government/Private/Co-operative/Sugar Factories), status (completed, functioning, future) and area irrigated in 17 sub basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra along with analysis and results thereupon have been summarized. There are in all 98 lift irrigation schemes having potential of 6,24,439 Ha in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra. The major observations are rising trend for LIS on Reservoirs in Lendi sub basin, diversification of cropping pattern in Lendi and Manar sub basins. The performance of lift irrigation schemes in Pravara, Terna, Manjra, Upper Godavari, Dudhna, Purna, Wardha have been presented. The energy requirement and the cost of lifting of 1 CuM of water to a head of 50 meter is Rs. 1.70 in Terna sub basin describing inherent limitations has been highlighted. Moreover, policy based techno-economic consideration in Sudha-Swarna and Penganga sub basins have been highlighted.

Sedimentation

The sub basin wise scenario for sedimentation in reservoirs (name, age, live storage and reduction in live storage % / siltation rate – ha m/100 sq km/ year in all 30 sub basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra along with observations, analysis and results thereupon have been presented.

Special Features

Micro irrigation and backlog are the special features. Sub basin wise present micro irrigation scenario (2010) (drip, sprinkler and total area, status – functioning) for 24 sub basins have been presented. The proposed micro irrigation potential as on 2030 has been presented.

The irrigation backlog for Nagpur, Chandrapur, Gadhchiroli districts has been worked out on March 2008 as per Government Circular PLN/2009/ (68/09) P&M 1 dated 03/03/2009 of Water Resources Department, Mantralaya, Mumbai. The sub




basin wise inter-distribution for these 3 districts - Nagpur (Nag, Kolar, Kanhan and Pench), Gadhchiroli (Gadhavi, Pranhita and Indravati) and Chandrapur in Pranhita sub basin have been presented. Moreover, cost estimate for abridging this backlog in Nagpur District with 32150 ha at the rate of Rs.150000 per ha amounting to Rs. 482.25 Cr, Gadchiroli District with 9600 ha at the rate of Rs. 80000 per ha amounting to Rs.76.78 Cr., Chandrapur District with 80610 ha at rate of Rs. 80000 per ha amounting to Rs. 644.85 Cr have been worked out and also presented.

Future Planning

Sub basin wise future planning as on 2030 for all 30 sub basins in Godavari Basin in Maharashtra - planned water use in Mm3, identification of projects wherever possible in light of GWDTA and WRD - GOM Water Allocation have been also presented.

The important issues and recommendations thereupon are Jayakwadi planning and utilization in Upper Godavari sub basin, lesser utilization in Middle Godavari sub basin, diversion of water for non-irrigation use in Manjra Sub Basin, substantial siltation in Terna sub basin, need of revised water planning in Dudhna sub basin, limitations for creation of new storages in Penganga sub basin, essentiality of lift irrigation schemes in Nag sub basin, need of import water in Kolar sub basin.

7.2 Other Important Uses

7.1.8 Preamble In the previous section we have noted the progress made so far on development of irrigation infrastructure, especially storages of different scale, the legal limitations placed by the GWDT and the conditions laid down by the Governor’s Directives regarding removal of backlog. In this section we will present the current status of water resource development for the other prioritised uses such as, drinking and domestic use, industrial use, water for pisciculture, water for tourism, water for navigation, etc.

Development of water for the above mentioned sectors (excluding irrigation) has been largely in the form of infrastructure for conveyance / transmission, purification, distribution (including en-route storages) for different purposes. In the case of groundwater too; the digging of bore wells / tube wells, etc. and installation of auxiliary systems like pumps, pipelines, purification systems, etc, is in the form of service infrastructure, but not primary storage. Development for these sectors therefore implies the installation of hardware or software systems / mechanism for efficient and optimal utilization. The objective of such development therefore, is to optimise utilization by minimizing the consumptive use.

In certain cases, for example Mumbai and Thane region storage structures have been developed specifically for urban water supply, hydro power, industrial use, etc. However in the Godavari Basin practically no significant storage structure has been constructed purely one or more non-irrigation purposes. Other important characteristics are that, even though the quantity or percentage of water required is relatively small its value for sustenance of life is very high in case of drinking and domestic use, and its economic value is very high in the case of industrial and other uses. Consequently the revenue earned by the WRD from such high value use




substantially contributes to the operation, maintenance and repair not only of the storage structures but also of the auxiliary supply services provided by concerned agencies.

As per the latest policy resolution of the GoM the inter-sector allocation is as follows:

Table 7-10: Inter-Sector Water Allocation

Priority No.

Water Uses % Allocation

1 2 3 1 Drinking and domestic water use 15% Drinking water including livestock, Health and

hygiene, Sanitation, cold storages.

2 Water for Irrigation 75% Water for agriculture 3 Industrial water use 10% Commercial water use, agro-industries, hydro-

power

4 Water for Environment, sports, and tourism Non consumptive E-Flows

Source: Government of Maharashtra resolution dated 21 January 2003

The table below indicates the importance of revenue generated from supply of water for drinking, domestic and industries. However it may be noted that the irrigation rates are greatly subsidised or in some cases waved – off as the consequence of socio-political pressures or adverse climatic conditions. The figures also indicate that there has been a considerable amount of cross-subsidization between irrigation and other uses. The low rates and poor recovery has led to very low revenue generation. Consequently the amounts available for repair operation and maintenance have been inadequate for an efficient operation and maintenance of the infrastructure.

Table 7-11: Assessment and Recovery of Revenue generated (In INR Crore)

Sr. No

Year Assessment Recovery Outstanding amount

Irrigation Non irrigation

Total Irrigation Non irrigation

Total Irrigation Non irrigation

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 2010-11 96.24 670.46 766.7 79.03 666.87 745.9 578.28 468.62 1046.9

2 2011-12 109.73 541.06 650.79 79.13 541.13 620.26 608.87 461.74 1070.6

3 2012-13 82.98 670.12 753.1 63.1 443.05 506.15 618.78 656.52 1275.3

Source: Irrigation Status Report 2012-13, WRD, Maharashtra, Published in 2016

7.1.9 Drinking and Domestic Water: 7.1.9.1 Background The Govt. of India and State Governments have been trying to provide safe drinking water to the rural areas ever since inception of the first ‘Five Year Plan’. However this initiative was given momentum by launching the Accelerated Rural Water Supply




Program (ARWSP) by GoI in 1972-73 to assist State Governments and Union Territories to accelerate the pace of coverage of drinking water supply. Subsequently, so as to give much more focused attention, this program was given the mission mode and a Technology Mission on Drinking Water entitled the “National Drinking water Mission (NDWM)” was launched in 1986, which was subsequently renamed as the Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM) in 1991.

Further by March, 2004, as per the National Agenda for Governance (NAG), a separate Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation was created in the Ministry of Rural Development in 1999. Till the end of November 2011, 87.89% habitations in the country were declared to have access to adequate water (fully covered) with 40 litres per capita per day (lpcd) as the supply norm. About 10.85% were partially covered. About 20000 habitations were still not covered. The GoI had also launched a time-bound plan under Bharat Nirman in 2005 for implementation of drinking water supply scheme during the four year period 2005-2009.

As per CPHEEO, the norm of domestic water supply is 70 lpcd for urban areas where coverage through a piped water supply is not in place for the entire population. It is 135 lpcd if water is supplied through a pipe system, and where a sewerage system has been established for treatment and disposal. Further, the norm for Metro cities is 150 lpcd, and in addition a 15% leakage loss is also assumed while calculating the gross demand. As per the National Building Code, the norm is 135 lpcd for urban area and 40 to 55 lpcd for rural area. The Kelkar Committee however maintains that there should be no distinction between urban and rural areas, and therefore recommends that the norm for domestic water demand should be treated uniformly as 140 lpcd. It has clarified that since the rural domestic water demand includes the requirement for livestock as well, it should be at par with the norm for the urban domestic water requirement. While increasing the norm from 70 and 100 lpcd for rural and urban respectively to 140 lpcd for the entire population appears to be very difficult to achieve, the basin level availability of water and the projected demand figures indicates that it is technically possible to achieve this goal.

Total Water availability (Surface + Groundwater) = 41271 Mm3 Allocation for drinking and domestic use @ 15% = 6191 Mm3 Water use for 2016 works out to be 1737 Mm3 i.e. 4.20% of the total availability (A) and 28.2% of the current allocation for drinking and domestic (B) Water use for 2030 works out to be 3895 Mm3 i.e. 9.44% of the total availability (A). However, this percentage will vary substantially from sub-basin to sub-basin, depending on basin specific water availability. Water demand for the year 2016 is 1737 Mm3 and for 2030 it is 3895 Mm3, therefore the additional requirement of water to be supplied till 2030 will be 2158 Mm3. The capital investment required for purifying 1 MLD of water is about Rs. 52 lakhs and treating 1 MLD of sewage requires Rs. 43 lakhs.However, the cost of installing the distribution system is not known, therefore it would not be possible to find out what capital investment for such a huge enterprise will be.

In Maharashtra, a high priority was accorded to the problem of water scarcity way back in 1960. However, supply norms for scarcity areas were not fixed. A decision was taken to provide water to all villages by the centenary year of Mahatma Gandhi (1969). Funds from abroad, e.g. DFID (UK), KFW (Germany) etc. and the World Bank were received. Since then World Bank assistance has been received for 10 districtsunder the Jal Swaraj Scheme 1 and Scheme 2(out of these 10 districts, 8 districts are in the Godavari Basin namely Ahmadnagar, Aurangabad, Nanded, Amravati, Buldhana, Nagpur & Chandrapur under Jal Swaraj 2 & Nashik district under Jal Swaraj 1). In 1995, GoM published a white paper on drinking water and subsequently, in 1997-98, a separate Water Supply and Sanitation Department




(WSSD) was established. Since then, WSSD has focused its attention on water supply to peri-urban areas and the required reforms have been introduced.

7.1.9.2 Drinking and domestic Water use in Godavari basin: The total population of the Godavari basin for the year 2016 (Projected based on Census of India, 2011) is 452 lakhs, as per Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP). The total estimated population projected for the basin in 2030 is estimated to be 544 lakhs. It has been generally observed that the demand and use of water by the local governing bodies has been much higher than the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering (CPHEEO) norms. (30 sub-basin studies conducted recently, from 2008-09 to 2013-14)

Table 7-12: Population and Domestic Water Demand as per MJP

Division Population Water Demand (Mm3)

In 2016 By 2030 In 2016 By 2030

Urban (Lakh)

Rural (Lakh)

Urban (Lakh)

Rural (Lakh)

Urban (Mm3)

Rural (Mm3)

Urban (Mm3)

Rural (mm 3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Nashik 35.61 66.25 44.24 78.55 232.04 351.09 286.42 417.12

Marathwada 42.00 121.88 51.67 151.57 290.48 732.84 354.59 910.79

Vidarbha 73.11 122.06 106.94 141.67 684.33 1184.87 610.44 778.52

Total 150.72 310.19 202.85 371.79 1023.06 1768.26 1251.45 2106.43

Total (Urban + Rural)

460.91 574.64 2791.32 3357.88

Source: Figures extracted from रा�य जलसंपी आराखडा, गोदावरी खोरे ) मजी�ा(

As per table 7.13 the Godavari basin has 196 urban centers with a population of about 150.72 Lakhs, in the year 2016. The urban population of the basin is expected to rise to 202.85 Lakhs in the year 2030. By considering the norms used by MJP the urban water demand for the year 2016 is 1023.06 Mm3and for the projected population the water demand will be 1251.25 Mm3 with the proposed norm by MJP i.e. 140 lpcd in the year 2030. This uniform norm for urban and rural population has been recommended by the Kelkar committee and accepted by GoM.

Godavari basin has 20388 villages. The total rural population of the basin is 310.19 Lakhs. The total rural water use is about 1768.28 Mm3. With increasing population of about 371.79 Lakh, the water use will increase to about 2106.43 Mm3by the year 2030.

As per table 7.14 the above calculations given by MJP are based on the norm 140 lpcd for 2016 as well as 2030. They also include losses and other requirements while calculating the gross demand figure. However, in our opinion the reasonable norms based on current reality for 2016 should be 70 lpcd for rural and 100 lpcd for urban, since these were the norms taken for the year 2010 as well, when the assessment of 30 sub-basins was carried out. It should be noted that the assessment of 30 sub-basins indicates that in case of urban water supply, while the actual use has exceeded the norm; while in the case of rural water supply the actual figures are probably close to 40 lpcd.

The gross demand for 2030 as worked out by MJP amounts to 169.17 lpcd, this includes the recommendation of 140 lpcd as per Kelkar Committee to which T and D losses, unaccounted water use, etc appear to have been added. As per these norms the estimated demand for 2016 and that for 2030 is given in the following table:




Table 7-13: Population and Domestic Water Demand as per current norms for 2016 and as per Kelkar Committee Norms recommended for 2030

Division Population Water Demand (Mm3)

In 2016 By 2030 In 2016 By 2030

Urban (Lakh)

Rural (Lakh)

Urban (Lakh)

Rural (Lakh)

Urban (Mm3)

Rural (Mm3)

Urban (Mm3)

Rural (mm3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Nashik 35.61 66.25 44.24 78.55 170.73 199.10 290.45 443.96

Marathwada 42 121.88 51.67 151.57 216.21 369.64 360.86 921.44

Vidarbha 73.11 122.06 106.94 141.67 404.41 362.12 1099.44 805.27

Total 150.72 310.19 202.85 371.79 791.35 928.70 1750.74 2170.67

Total (Urban + Rural)

460.91 Lakhs 574.64 lakhs 1720.05 Mm3 3921.41 Mm3

Source: Population for 2016 and 2030 is based on estimates by MJP; while the supply norms are as per current practices for 2016, and Kelkar Committee recommendations for 2030 (140 LPCD)

Assessments for 30 sub-basins (2010-11):

Present per capita use for rural population for Godavari basin in the year 2011 was 85.2 lpcd. Water use for 3 sub basin namely Dudhana, Kayadhu and Penganga is more than average and was between 115.0 lit and 117.6 lpcd. For all other remaining 27 sub basin it is on Lower side. Water use for Sudha – Swarna, sub basin was the lowest and it is only 44.9 Liters. For most of the sub basin it is 80.5 lt.

Present per capita use for urban population for Godavari Basin is 131.10 lit. Except in Gadhavi and Pranhita sub basins, water requirement is above 100 lpcd.

There are no urban centers in Khobragadi and Indravati sub basin. Water requirement for most of the sub basins is around 115 lt. It is highest for Nag sub-basin i.c.191.5 lt. (due to the presence of Nagpur city) followed by Kayadhu, Penganga sub basins having water requirement 158.8 lt., 155.4 respectively. In Sudha-Swarna sub-basin there are practically no major urban centers.

Present average water requirement for rural and urban population is 100.4 lt. If rural and urban population requirement is calculated, excluding losses, at 70 lpcd and 100.0 lpcd respectively and 82.35 lpcd for rural and 117.65 lpcd for Urban, including losses, then water requirement for Nag sub basin is highest i.e. 185.6 lt. followed by Dudhana, Kayadhu, Penganga, sub-basin having water requirements of 115.0 lt., 126.5 lt. and 123.6 lt. respectively. For all other remaining 26 sub basins it is below average i.e. 100.4 lt. It is the lowest for Gadhavi sub basin.

The important inference which we can derive from the domestic water use assessments madefor 30 sub-basins using the base year 2011 is that the average water use for urban as well as rural areas in the Godavari basin was approximately 100 lpcd. Considering the fact that the annual average water available for use (based on current storages) is 28329 Mm3, the drinking and domestic water demand forms 11.85% water of the annual average availability. Therefore the supply of 140 lpcd of potable water for the total population is going to be a formidable task, because of a current inadequacy of the water purification and distribution services on the one hand and a serious inequity in the distribution of surplus sub-basins and scares sub-basins on the other. In particular, the problem of providing domestic water facility is going to




be critical especially in those six sub-basins where per ha water availability is very low (less that 3000/ha) (Manjra, Terna, Lendi, Manar, Dhudhna, Bembla).

Table 7-14: Urban and Rural domestic water use assessed for 30 sub-basins

Divisions

2011 2030

Urban Population

in Lakh

Water Use Mm 3

Rural Population

in Lakh

Water Use Mm 3

Surface Water Use Mm3

Groundwater Use Mm 3

Total Water Use Mm3

Surface Water Use Mm3

Ground Water Use Mm3

Total Water Use Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Nashik 36.29 148.23 0.00 148.23 50.98 94.39 55.30 149.69

Marathwada 42.46 173.73 7.00 180.73 100.72 102.60 208.03 310.63

Vidarbha 61.61 332.18 5.67 337.85 121.46 201.54 153.8 355.34

Total 140.36 654.14 12.67 666.81 273.16 398.53 417.13 815.66

Source: Based on studies made in 30 sub-basin plans with 2011 as the base year.

The supply –demand gap to be covered till 2030:

An important conclusion one can derive from the data given above is that at present the share of groundwater in urban water supply is very low and stands at 1.90%, implying that practically all urban water supply is based on surface storages while in the case of rural water supply the share of groundwater is almost 51%.A blanket application of 140 lpcd norm for rural and urban population projected for 2030 appears to be quite impractical, both in terms of the financial health of Local Urban Bodies and in terms of the capacity of the MJP to expand the water purification, distribution, sewage treatment and drainage line installations in a short period of thirteen years. In addition the immense variation in water availability will also place additional difficulties in achieving this goal. The table below shows the per capita variability between different sub-basins.

Table 7-15 Sub-basin-wise Per Capita Water Availability in an ascending order. The level of stress is as per Malin Falkenmark’s classification:

Sr. No.

Sub-Basin Population (2016) Population (Lakh) 2030

Surface + Groundwater

availability (2016 and 2030) Mm3

Per Capita Water

Availability m3 for (2016)

Per Capita Water


Classification based on per hectare water

availability Urban Rural Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Highly Water stressed i.e. water availability is a main constraint to human life itself (<500 M3 Annua l per capita water availability)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Nag 26.47 1.47 27.94 33.64 306.46 109.69 91.10 Normal

2 Erai 3.31 2.38 5.69 6.71 92.82 163.13 138.33 Normal

3 Lendi 2.1 6.9 9.00 12.13 353.00 392.98 291.00 Deficit

4 Manar 1.4 9.71 11.11 15.29 461.00 414.94 301.50 Deficit

5 Dudhna 4.35 12.45 16.80 21.14 808.00 480.95 382.21 Deficit

Water stressed i.e. water scarcity is a limitation to economic development and human health and well-b eing (500-1000 M3 Annual per capita water availability)

6 Terna 3.02 8.79 11.81 13.36 658.00 557.15 492.51 Deficit

7 Bembla 4.16 4.43 8.59 10.85 491.47 572.14 452.97 Deficit




Sr. No.

Sub-Basin Population (2016) Population (Lakh) 2030

Surface + Groundwater

availability (2016 and 2030) Mm3

Per Capita Water


Per Capita Water


Classification based on per hectare water

availability Urban Rural Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8 Upper Godavari 33.67 49.73 83.4 101.12 5282.00 633.33 522.35 Normal

9 Manjra 6.85 16.88 23.73 29.52 1618.00 681.84 548.10 Deficit

10 Kolar 1.64 3.19 4.83 5.19 337.30 698.34 649.90 Normal

Swarna 0 1.13 1.13 1.22 91.69 811.42 751.56 Surplus

11 Purna 10.28 24.21 34.49 41.23 2816.00 816.47 683.00 Normal

12 Pus 1.07 5.75 6.82 9.11 570.51 836.52 626.25 Normal

13 Middle Godavari 13.41 38.14 51.55 63.86 4586.00 889.62 718.13 Normal

14 Pravara 1.38 11.37 12.75 14.97 1170.00 917.65 781.56 Normal

Regularly water stressed (1000-1700 M3 Annual per c apita water availability)

15 Andhari 1.98 4.75 6.73 6.48 723.86 1075.57 1117.07 Surplus

16 Venna 5.52 8.05 13.57 15.25 1635.12 1204.95 1072.21 Normal

17 Wardha 14.13 17.02 31.15 37.85 4087.83 1312.30 1080.01 Normal

18 Bagh 1.39 7.29 8.68 9.96 1205.67 1389.02 1210.51 Abundant

19 Kanhan 2.17 4.07 6.24 6.81 878.47 1407.80 1289.97 Normal

20 Pranhita 0.27 2.87 3.14 3.57 503.30 1602.87 1409.80 Abundant

21 Mula 0.56 5.15 5.71 6.70 959.00 1679.51 1431.34 Normal

Safe or practically no stress (> 1700 M3 Annual per capita water availability)

22 Kayadhu 0 3.07 3.07 3.88 585.00 1905.54 1507.73 Normal

23 Arunawati 1.6 4.24 5.84 7.25 1153.36 1974.93 1590.84 Normal

24 Gadhvi 0.35 3.39 3.74 4.32 715.27 1912.49 1655.72 Abundant

25 Sudha 0 0.65 0.65 0.76 147.40 2267.69 1939.47 Normal

26 Penganga 4.08 19.76 23.84 27.48 6212.41 2605.88 2260.70 Normal

27 Wainganga 3.87 21.28 25.15 28.57 6702.94 2665.18 2346.15 Surplus

28 Khobragadi 0.27 1.85 2.12 2.37 744.69 3512.69 3142.15 Abundant

29 Pench 0.43 1.04 1.47 1.78 161 1095 904 Abundant

30 Indrawati 0.12 1.13 1.25 1.44 3079.28 24634.24 21383.89 Abundant

Source: Water availability data based on the 30 sub-basin plans and water demand based on MJP Status Report on Godavari, 2016

The pertinent point is that the classification of sub-basins according to ‘per hectare water availability’ and ‘per capita water availability’ the order changes substantially. Accordingly sub-basins 1 to 5 fall under Absolute Stress, sub-basin 6 to 14 fall under Water Scares, sub-basin 15 to 21 fall under Water Stressed and sub-basins 22 to 30 fall under No Stress category.

The degree of scarcity shown in the last column is based on the globally accepted classification of Water Stress Indicator developed by Ms. Malin Falkenmark’s (1989).Water availability of more than 1,700m³/capita/year is defined as the threshold above which water shortage occurs only irregularly or locally. Below this level, water scarcity arises in different levels of severity. Below 1,700m³/capita/year water stress appears regularly, below 1,000m³/capita/year water scarcity is a limitation to economic development and human health and well-being, and below 500m³/capita/year water availability is a main constraint to life. (Reference: Malin Falkenmark's Water Stress Indicator, 1989)




Sr. No. Index M3 per capita / year

Category / condition

1 2 3 1 >1700 No stress 2 1000 – 1700 Stress 3 500 - 1000 Scarcity 4 <500 Absolute Scarcity

Taking the above analysis into consideration, i.e. realistic current supply of water and the improved supply norm for 2030, the gap to be covered during the next fifteen years or so is 2038.95 Mm3. Since the MJP would find it very difficult to cover this gap entirely through surface sources, and taking into consideration the great differential between availability and demand in the scarce basins on the one hand, and the normal and surplus basins on the other; it is recommended that the conjunctive use of ground and surface water be continued as the guiding principle.

7.1.9.3 Prudent practices of water use: The general experience is that the local bodies go on abstracting more and more water without bothering to restrict the withdrawal by reducing wastages by conducting leak detection studies and identifying illegal connections. Further, on one hand, they are depleting a valuable freshwater resource and on the other, polluting freshwater sources of water by releasing untreated sewage into streams and groundwater aquifers, making life miserable for people residing downstream. Neglect and apathy on the part of municipal administration is an obstacle in the way of appropriate management of water supply system. The need of the hour is to ensure that unless sewage treatment facilities areput in place as per law for the existing swage generated, the local bodies (large, medium and small cities) are restrained from abstracting additional water (i.e. greater than the current use of 100 lpcd). While supplying 140 lpcd is laudable objective, it should not be pursued until the essential pre-condition of establishing sewage and effluent treatment plants is established simultaneously established.

Under these circumstances the following steps may be adopted by the urban local bodies:

Establishing instruments for volumetric supply of water from the level of abstraction from natural source up to delivery to households. Similarly, levying water charges on volumetric supply instead of a flat rate per household or any other criterion. Providing incentives for roof top rain water harvesting (Rebate on house taxes, etc.) Making best use of local wells which might have been abandoned Refusing permissions for the use of purified water for construction, and such other non domestic purposes, while simultaneously recommending use of groundwater for such purposes. Educating citizens about conservation of water a precious natural resource and avoiding wastage Resorting to ground water use only as a last option, so that groundwater aquifers are conserved. The abovementioned measures would obviate the need of bringing surface water located at long distances and avoid the problem of en-route tapping by farmers or villages, leakages and pilferages.

Sujal –Nirmal Abhiyan

Government of Maharashtra has decided to take urgent steps in improving the efficiency and quality of water supplied so as to reduce water losses. To achieve these objectives, the GOM has christened a project "Sujal –Nirmal Abhiyan". The




improvement program includes funding of various Municipal councils to enable increased serviceability of the system. The disbursement of funds in this regard is planned on a "first-come, first-serve" basis.

The sub works under this Abhiyan are Consumer- survey, Water Audit, Energy Audit, Flow meter Installation, Hydraulic–modeling, Geographical information system (GIS), and computerized water billing system. The final phase of this project 2015-2020envisages the implementation of city wide 24x7 water supply system, 100% consumer-metering of water usage, 100% recovery of cost incurred towards toward O&M, and100% billing and collection.

7.1.9.4 Status of water supply schemes: The status is summarized in the table below:

Table 7-16: Current status of urban water supply and sanitation schemes in the Godavari Basin Sr. No.

Particulars Sub-basins No. 1 2 3 4 1 Water Supply Schemes Mula, Prawara, Manjra, Lendi, Kayadhu,

Penganga, Pus, Arunawati, Bembla, Venna, Erai, Andhari, Kolar, Kanhan, Bagh, Gadhvi, Upper Godavari, Wardha, Purna, Sudha,Dudhana.

428

2 Sewage Treatment Plants(STP’s)

Mula, Prawara, Manjra, Dudhana, Purna, Sudha, Penganga, Arunawati, Bembla, Venna, Erai, Kolar, Kanhan, Bagh, Gadhavi.

137

3 Urban Water Recycling units Upper Godavari, Wardha, Erai, Andhari, 68

4 Urban Water Reuse Upper Godavari, Wardha 67 Source: Studies carried out by various agencies while preparing 30 sub-basin plans Note: The figures in the last column cannot be aggregated because STP’s, recycling and reuse schemes (i.e. items

2, 3, and 4 given above) have been installed in the towns where the water supply scheme has been established in towns.

Table 7-17: Current status of rural water supply and sanitation schemes in the Godavari Basin

Sr. No.

Particulars Sub-basins Physical Planning (No. of) Villages

(Total 11325 out of 20833 villages)

1 2 3 4

1 Water Supply Schemes Upper Godavari, Dudhna, Pus, Arunawati, Bembla, Wardha, Venna, Erai, Andhari, Nag, Kolar, Kanhan, Pench, Bagh, Gadhvi, Khobragadi, Pranhita, Indravati, Kayadhu

4889

2 Sewage Treatment Plants (STP’s)

Mula, Manjra, Sudha, Swarna, Nag, Kolar, Kanhan, Pench

1826

3 Renovation, expansion &Augmentation of Schemes

Mula, Prawara, Manjra, Terna, Lendi, Manar,

3067

4 Evaporation Control Upper Godavari, Bembla,Wardha, Erai, Andhari

20

5 Traditional Water Devices

Upper Godavari, Dudhna, Purna, Bembla, Wardha, Erai, Andhari

1523

Source: Studies carried out by various agencies while preparing 30 sub-basin plans Note: The total number of villages is 20833, out of which planning has been completed so far for 11325 villages.




The exact number of villages which are entirely dependent on groundwater source is not known. However it may be surmised that a little less than a half of all villages depend almost entirely on groundwater.

The major source of drinking and domestic water for urban centers is from surface water, whereas for rural population major source is groundwater i.e. open wells / tube wells, etc.It is observed that many urban and rural water supply schemes are not functioning or inefficient. Some of the major reasons for this are leakages through distribution system, non payment of bills, absence of repair and maintenance, etc. Therefore it is recommended to carry out leak detection studies, and measures to reduce the losses due to leakages. It is also recommended that repair and maintenance of existing system should be carried out periodically, preferably through an external agency, in order to enable increase the efficiency of water supply schemes.

Water Grid Scheme:

The MJP has currently proposed a ‘Water Grid System’ for 176 villages in the Marathwada region which is expected to cost Rs. 234.41 Crores (2016 prices), and requires5.793 Mm3(i.e. about 15% of Dudhna live storage) of water, and this quantity is expected to be reserved in the Dudhna reservoir, which could provide 40 lpcd to a projected population of about 3 lakh persons by the year 2039 (current population 2.21 lakhs). The scheme has received an ‘administrative approval’ from Water Resources Department, GoM. Currently, this scheme has not yet estimated the cost of treating sewage generated from this scheme and its disposal.If we supply 140 lpcd as per Kelkar Committee norms, more than 50% of Dudhan storage would stand reserved for drinking purposes. In a drought year, entire stored water (which may be less than full storage) would be required for drinking purposes. We should quote this as an example against up grading of norms for rural water supply.

Since this is a pilot project covering 176 villages, (i.e. about 4.41%) of the total villages and hamlets in Marathwada (i.e. 3987 villages and hamlets), the committee is of the view that the performance of the Water Grid approach based entirely on surface storages needs to be reviewed and reassessed in terms of its eventual cost which is inclusive of waste water disposal, and its ability to solve the problem of water scarcity during ‘bad years’. After the performance of the pilot system is ascertained and found to be efficacious, it may be replicated for the Marathwada region as a whole. In view of the fact that 51% of the rural areas in the Godavari basin are completely dependent on groundwater resources, a shift in policy from the current practice, i.e. the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater, purely to the use of surface water could be taken up, after taking due precautions regarding problems related to blanket replication across the Marathwada region. Further, the committee also recommends that such a shift in policy should fully take into account the conclusions and recommendations emerging out of the Dudhna pilot project, where the Grid System has been proposed.

Further, it is necessary to note that the GoM has recently passed a Maharashtra Groundwater (Development and Management) Act, 2009 and promulgated in 2013, which expressly states its primary purpose as:

“to facilitate and ensure sustainable, equitable and adequate supply of groundwater of prescribed quality, for various category of users, through supply and demand management measures, protecting public drinking water sources and to establish the State groundwater Authority and District Level Authorities to manage and regulate,




with community participation, the exploitation of groundwater within the state of Maharashtra;......”.

It may be borne in mind that shifting completely to surface water storages for the supply of drinking and domestic water especially to rural areas may be contradictory to abovementioned Act.

Issues related to water quality, health and hygiene :

Currently the problem of supplying drinking/domestic water to the highly drought prone areas of central Godavari is being largely addressed as a question of ‘quantity and availability’, while the question of purifying raw water, and supplying perfectly safe and potable water has been largely ignored. The studies conducted during the preparation of sub-basin plans, especially in the eastern Vidarbha region clearly indicate that in most cases the quality of water provided for domestic purposes is not being systematically tested as per the CPHEEO norms, and a large proportion of samples taken randomly have shown that the water is not potable as it contains unacceptable levels of bacterial contamination. In addition, a health and hygiene program necessary to ensure that clean water is finally used at the point of consumption, is not in place. Consequently, there is a fairly high incidence of water borne diseases recorded in these districts, although it has not reached an epidemic proportion. It is therefore recommended that the question of water quality be taken up simultaneously with the question of supplying the water for drinking and domestic purposes. This precaution must be taken particularly in remote areas where the villages are not connected with any Public Health Centres (PHCs) or Hospitals for several months during each year. Particularly, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Gondia areas are not being served with public health facilities.

Recommendations:

The recommendations mentioned below are in keeping with the ‘ring-fenced’ priorities indicated by the Kelkar Committee Report on Regional Imbalance, and also in keeping with the recommendations emerging from the 30 individual sub-basin studies. It is recommended that –

Henceforth drinking water supply schemes for the scarce-basins should be given highest priority (Manjra, Terna, Lendi, Manar, Dhudhna, Bembla). Sub-basins with ‘normal availability and surplus availability’ may be taken up in the second phase. In addition special provisions for investments in recycling and reuse of water for non-drinking, non-cooking purposes should be made on priority, so that additional water can be made available for non-drinking purposes like constructions, gardens, etc.

In case of remote villages (e.g. villages/padas i.e. settlements in mountainous areas, densely forested remote areas of Gondia, Gadchiroli etc.), investments on special priority should be made for providing purified water for drinking, cooking etc.

It is proposed that the watershed development approach should be followed for water supply in urban areas as well, and streams and ponds which may have got illegally encroached may be cleared and reclaimed as per the Section (8) of the National Water Policy, 2012.

Since 51% of the rural population is dependent on ground water even for their drinking and domestic needs, ground water aquifers need to be protected and managed in such a manner that surface water should be used in a conjunctive manner in the near future.




Rooftop harvesting should be made compulsory in all towns/urban centers exceeding a population of 10,000 persons. In case of households installing water recycling system/sewage treatment/septic tank/ Rainwater Harvesting, etc. an appropriate tax rebate may be granted.

In view of the fact that leakages, transmission and distribution losses, and unaccounted/illegal water use currently form between 30-40% of the total water supplied, it is strongly recommended that immediate leak detection studies be conducted in order to save precious water resources.

In case of villages having low population densities or having ample water bodies or traditional water source like tanks, rejuvenation and augmentation of existing structures should be under taken on priority. These structures should be used as retaining and detaining structure as a part of rural rain water harvesting program by diverting rainwater to them through channels.

Water supply scheme and sewerage conveyance and disposal scheme should be simultaneously implemented in larger villages and towns with population more than 1000. The treated water should then be recycled for industries, power generation, agriculture, secondary uses etc.

Release of water: Wherever appropriate sites for constructing smaller dams are available, the local bodies should be permitted to construct them independently. This option is recommended especially for those sites which have been rejected by WRD on the grounds of being technically and financially infeasible. The rate per cubic meter for calculating revenue (benefits) by WRD for irrigation is substantially lower than rate per cubic meter used by Urban Local Bodies. (it ranges between Rs. 3 per Kilo liter for domestic use and up-to Rs. 20 per Kilo liter for industrial and commercial use). Therefore, projects which appear to be financially non-viable for irrigation could easily become viable for urban purposes.

It is therefore recommended that for all existing as well as proposed water supply schemes, especially for rural areas, the investments for ensuring water quality by way of water purification and filtration plants must be taken up simultaneously with the schemes for supplying water for drinking and domestic purposes. Further, it must be borne in mind that when water supply systems for supplying 140 lpcd are put in place, the necessary investments for treatment (reuse) and disposal of waste water must be ensured so that untreated domestic waste water does not become a health hazard.

The overall conclusion emerging from the analysis2 leads us to the obvious conclusion that applying the 140 lpcd norm would be technically unfeasible, financially unviable and physically untenable, as it would significantly reduce water for irrigation. Therefore even though the norm is conceptually laudable, it should be differed till the population growth is stabilised and water use efficiency in irrigation system, urban water supply and industrial use reaches international standards.

7.1.10 Water for industries 7.1.10.1 Current industrial water requirement Total water requirement of the Godavari basin is 860Mm3 (i.e. 2.25% of the 75% dependable available yield). Water requirement for industries in M.I.D.C and Non-M.I.D.C area is about 528 Mm3. There are 80 sugar factories in the basin and

2 Note: The management and planning aspects for the period 2018- 2030 are given in Chapters 15 and 25




water requirement of these sugar factories is 30 Mm3. Seven thermal power stations having generation capacity of 6875 MW require 256 Mm3 of water.

Water requirement for industries in M.I.D.C. and non-M.I.D.C. areas is more than 20 Mm3 in 5 sub basins viz, Upper Godavari, middle Godavari, Wardha, Venna and Wainganga, which is about 457.39 Mm3. It is about 86.64 % of the total requirement in M.I.D.C. and non-M.I.D.C area. Water requirement in 6 sub basins viz. Sudha Swarna, Bembala, Gadhavi, Khobragadi, Pranhita and Indravati sub basins is nil.

80 sugar mills are located in 16 sub basins and 1 thermal power station is located in Upper Godavari sub-basin with installation capacity of 910 Mw. The other 6 thermal power stations which have installation capacity of 5965 Mw are located in Wardha, Erai, Venna, Kolar and Kanhan sub basins.

Table 7-18: Current industrial water requirement

Sr.No. Category Nos. Water requirement in Mm3

Share in %

1 2 3 4 5 1 M.I.D.C. / non-M.I.D.C. 575.6 66.86 2 Sugar mills 80 29.75 3.46 3 Thermal Power 7(6875

MW) 255.50 29.68

Total 860.88 100.00 Source: Data Aggregation of 30 sub-basin plans Note: The current industrial demand for water is 2.92 % of the total annual availability.

7.1.10.2 Industrial Water Demand projected for 2030 Total Projected Industrial Water Demand for the year 2030 is 2068 Mm3 (5.36% of 75% dependable available yield). It is 1189.38 Mm3 for industries in M.I.D.C and Non-M.I.D.C area. Water demand for 80 sugar factories is 35.75 Mm3. Additional 18 thermal power-stations will come up in this basin with installed capacity of 15125 MW. Therefore the total install capacity of all 25 thermal power plants will be 22000 MW and water demand will be 853.77 Mm3. New thermal power plants are proposed in Mula, Kayadhu, Penganga, Wardha, Erai, Kanhan and Wainganga sub basins.

Table 7-19: Industrial Water Demand Projected for 2030

Sr.No. Category Nos. Water requirement in Nm3

Share in %

1 2 3 4 5 1 M.I.D.C. / non-

M.I.D.C. 1196.44 57.85

2 Sugar mills 80 35.75 1.73 3 Thermal Power 25(22000

MW) 835.77 40.42

Total 2067.96 100.00 Source: Data Aggregation of 30 sub-basin plans Note: The projected industrial demand for water is 7.52 % of the total annual availability.




7.1.10.3 Water Demand of certain important Industries. Water Demand for industries is different for different industries. It is not possible to contact each industry (number being too large) which are located in non-M.I.D.C. area. After consultation with experts, water demands are worked out on the following assumed unit based requirements. The industry wise per unit water requirement is given in Table 7-20 below.

Table 7-20: Water Demand of certain important Industries

Sr.No. Type of Industrial-unit Water requirement Cu.M. Per Day /

Per Unit

Remarks

1 2 3 4 1 Paper 05-10 / day

200-400 M3/Tone -

2 Soya oil 05 - 3 Pulses (Dal) 02 – 03 - 4 Cotton (Ginning) 05 Drinking Water 5 Ice factory / soft drinks 10 – 15 - 6 Mineral – Water 1000 Medium size

unit. 7 Paper / Bio-fertilizer 05 - 8 Bricks/Tiles/Marble/Line/PVC/Pipes. 05 Small size unit. 9 Washing powder/Ayurvedic

formulations 05 Small size unit.

10 Food processing (Chili, Haldi powder/ cashew-nuts/Aloe-vera)

04 - 05 -

11 Poultry – forms 04 - 05 - 12 Soap Industries 30 – 40 - 13 Automobiles 40 M3/Vehicle - 14 Distillery (Alcohol) 122-170 M3/ m3 - 15 Fertilizer 80-200 M3/Ton - 16 Leather (Tanned) 40 M3/Ton - 17 Petroleum Refinery 1.2 M3/Ton - 18 Steel 200-250 M3/Ton - 19 Sugar 1.2 M3/Ton of

crushed cone -

20 Textile 80-140 M3/Ton -

7.1.10.4 Recommendations The present practice adopted by MIDC to estimate the demand on the basis of area of industries needs to be changed. The actual demand based on the nature of production and the pro rata requirement for such an activity should be the basis for estimating demand. Demand for high water consuming industries should preferably be in two parts viz. Consumptive and Non consumptive. For industries like soft drinks, bottling etc. most of it would be consumptive. For some industries it is mainly used for cooling purposes which is non consumptive. This separation is necessary to consider different charges for the two and/or for ensuring ‘Zero effluent’ from industries. Similarly, instead of granting blanket permissions for MIDCs, reservation for water should be made for a specific period say three years and then reviewed as per actual requirement every five years. Such reservations would avoid unnecessary blocking of water and encourage efficient use of the scarce resource. If reserved water is not used, WRD should levy some charge for it from MIDC and use it for irrigation.




Water supply to scattered industries in the city/town is being made by local municipalities for which water reservation under category of industrial use is not systematically registered with the Water Resources Department. It is recommended that such reservations be registered under WRD and the local bodies be directed to ensure the treatment of effluents strictly as per law. Systematic development plan for the disposal of waste water from industries and fly cash from the thermal plants should be prepared. Development of industries in the Khobragadi, Pranhita and Indravati sub-basins should be prepared in a planned manner, based on the scientific assessment of the availability of minerals / other forest produce. In the case of sugar mills the latest technology available for minimizing the requirement of water should be installed. All industries should shift towards ‘Zero effluent’ policy so as to reduce water consumption and to prevent degradation of aquatic ecosystems. CPCB should make necessary enactments and make rules to make it possible within specified number of years.

7.1.11 Water for Environment and importance of Environmental Flows (E-flows)

Though the concepts like Green Water & E – Flow are no doubt important & efforts are required to adopt them in near future, their immediate incorporation in ISWPGB without adequate homework appears to be rather difficult due to systemic constraints & practical considerations.Workshops should be held to arrive at the strategy to be followed to address the issue of E-Flow.

In order to respond to this situation, a detailed s ection on this subject has been provided in chapter 15.

7.1.12 Fisheries: Water for Pisciculture (Inland Fisheries) At the outset it must be emphasised that water for pisciculture should technically be treated as a non-consumptive use. Even in the case where water is used for raising fish-fingerlings, it should be borne in mind that production of fish is now been considered as activity under the category Agriculture and that it forms an important part of livestock in case of the agrarian system as a whole. This sector holds a special place because land or water diverted from irrigation to ‘non-irrigation’ use is actually for producing food and generating employment and transfer of land and water should therefore be encouraged.

Further, it must be stated that traditional fishing which does not require setting up of nurseries for fingerlings, etc. are completely dependent on natural river flows and are therefore their need is completely non-consumptive.

7.1.12.1 Importance of Fish & Fisheries

The total fish production of India is 71 Lakh MT. As per the figures available for the year 2006-07, Maharashtra is the top 5th fish producing state in India with a total annual fish-production of 5.96 lakhs MT, of which inland-fisheries account for barely 1.32 lakh MT. For the country as a whole the production-figures are much encouraging accounting for 52% of the country’s annual fish-production. In the year 2004-05 India produced 63.04 lakh MT of fish, of which 35.26 lakhs MT was the contribution from inland-fisheries. Therefore, inland fish-production, if well-planned, has the potential of generating good income for the state as well for the nation. The planning process takes into consideration the precipitation and the duration of water-




stock in the inland reservoirs, ponds, tanks and rivers that would be necessary to rear this activity. The water stock across the year accelerates and extends the growth of fisheries.

Maharashtra has 3.17 Lakh ha of inland reservoirs, and those under the water-resources department have been transferred to the Department of Fisheries for Development of Pisciculture. The revenue from the lease of reservoirs fetches Rs. 3.0 crores to the state, 50% of which becomes the source of revenue for the water-resources department. There are 2,603 Fish Co-operative Societies in the state having 1.83 Lakh fisher-men as its members and the GoM has set itself a target of increasing the total annual fish-production to 7.0 lakhs MT. With the harvest of off-shore fish production on the decline due to over-fishing and pollution, it is necessary to take a long-term view of the opportunity for increasing inland fish-production.

Table 7-21: Norms for contracting the fishing tanks (as per GR dated 15-01-2001, GoM)

Sr.no. Tank type

(spread area) (ha)

Estimated Fish seed Production (15 mm size) (no./ha.)

Estimated fish production kg /ha of water spread

1 2 3 4 1. 0-20 5000 1500 2. 21-60 100000+2000/ha for every ha

over 20 ha 30000+600/ha for every ha

over 20 ha 3. 61-300 180000+1000/ha for every ha

over 60 ha 54,000+300/ha for every ha

over 60 ha 4. 301-

1300 420000+500/ha for every ha

over 300 ha 1,26,000+150/ha for every ha

over 300 ha 5. >1301-

5000 920000+500/ha for every ha

over 1300 2,76,000+150/ha for every ha

over 1300 ha 6. >5000 2770000+500/ha for every ha

over 5000 646000+50/ha for every ha

over 5000 ha Source - GR dated 15-01-2001, GoM

7.1.12.2 Pisciculture in Godavari Basin Fishing is one of the important occupations for communities in the few sub-basins of Godavari River. It is practiced either as a full time livelihood option or as part-time work by agricultural labourers. Traditional fisher-folk along with some tribal communities like Dhiwar tribes are skilled fishermen and have evolved extremely refined practices for sustainable fisheries – both in the river, river-bed pools (Doha) as well as in the numerous Malguzari tanks that dot the Vidarbha region of basin. We estimate that almost 1.12 lakh people are either completely or partially involved in fisheries. In 2030, this number is expected to go up to 10.18 lakhs. Therefore, planning of fisheries is an important component of the Integrated River Basin Plan for Godavari. Fisheries in the Godavari basin can be classified into three categories namely,

Tank-based fishery Reservoir fishery River-based fishery

7.1.12.3 Capacity of fish seed centers /Fish conservation ponds Considering the average water spread area of 1.85 lakh ha of the existing projects and farm ponds, the existing capacity of fish seed centers is 3377.54 lakhs. The




availability of fish seeds is about 1818 / Ha, if all fish seed centers are working with full efficiency and are in good condition. For keeping the fish seed centers in good condition, the import of seed packages from other states can be avoided, transportation hazards and prolong travel time can be reduced and survival rate can be improved.

By considering projected average water spread area 4.90 Lakh ha of the proposed projects and farm ponds, with fish seed availability of 2196/ ha, the projected capacity of fish seed centers will be 10779 lakh fish seeds.

There are about 3301fish conservation tanks and 32 existing fish seed centers in the basin and will increase to about 5616 by 2030. The fish seed centers will also increase to 204 by 2030.

7.1.12.4 Water Spread Area and Fish Production There are 20164 tanks and farm ponds in the basin, out of which 9960 are farm tanks and 10204 are reservoirs which include major, medium, minor State Sector and minor Local Sector and barrages. This number will increase to 16.36 lakhs by 2030 of which 16.23 lakhs will be farm ponds and 13046 will be reservoirs.

The average water spread area of the existing reservoirs and farm ponds is 1.86 lakh Ha. The water spread area of reservoirs is 1.85 lakh Ha and that of farm ponds is 897 Ha. Projected average water spread area of the reservoirs and farm ponds is 4.91lakh Ha, of which average water spread area of the reservoirs will be 3.45lakh Ha and average water spread area of farm ponds will be 1.46lakh Ha.

Actual fish production of the basin is 85,112 MT. Fish production from reservoirs is 78690 MT and that of farm ponds is 6422 MT. Overall average rate of fish production is about 458 kg/ Ha.

Fish production by 2030 will be 4.84 lakh MT. Projected fish production from reservoirs will be3.00lakh MT and that of farm ponds will be 1.84 lakh MT. Projected rate of the fish production is 986 kg/Ha.

Table 7-22: No. of tanks, water spread area, fish production, rate of fish production, fish seed centers,

fish conservation ponds and capacity of fish seed rearing tanks for the year 2010 and 2030

Sr.No Particulars 2010 2030 1 2 3 4 1 No. of tanks (major, medium, minor State

Sector, and minor Local Sector, Barrages) 10204 13046

2 No of farm tanks 9960 1622878 Total 20164 1635924 3 Water spread area of tanks in Ha 184859 344664 4 Water spread area of farm ponds in Ha 897 146066 Total 185756 490730 5 Actual and projected fish production from

Tanks in MT 78690 298522

6 Actual and projected fish production from farm tanks in MT

6422 185565

Total 85112 484087 7 Average rate of fish production kg/ha 458 986 8 Fish seed centre No’s 32 204 9 Fish conservation ponds No’s 3301 5616

10 Capacity of fish seed rearing centres in lakhs

3377.54 10779.09

Source: Aggregation of the data given in 30 sub-basin reports of Godavari




7.1.12.5 Cost of Fish production And Employment Generation There is a huge variation in the market prices of fish, from Rs 20.2 per kg to Rs 100 per kg in some sub basins. The weighted average rate of 58.2/kg is calculated based on rates and actual fish production in respective basin. The present actual fish production in the basin is about 85112 M.T.(Metric Tons) and its value can be estimated to be about Rs. 489.42 cr. However this is a rough average and also a conservative estimate since there are many species which fetch a far higher rate per kg ranging between Rs. 300-450 per Kg.

Projected rate for 2030 in some sub basins ranges from Rs 30 to 100 and weighted average rate for remaining sub basins is adopted as Rs 76.0 per kg. The projected fish production for year 2030 will be 4.84 lakh MT and its value works out to Rs 3604.63 cr.

There is a huge scope for employment generation in the basin. The expected employment generation depends upon the size of water spread area of the major, medium, state sector, minor, local sector, barrages and farm ponds.

Table 7-23: Expected employment generation

Water, spread area in (ha)

Employment generation,(persons)

Period of Employment

1 2 3 z 400 12 months

300+1000 120 to 400 12 months 60+300 30 to 150 4 to 5 months 20+60 13 to 40 3 to 4 months

1 to 20 1 to 20 2 to 3 months Note: Data for the sub-basins is available either in no. of persons employed through fisheries or in man-days.For the

convenience and data interpretation, man-days has been converted into no. of people employed by considering 300, 150 and 75 working days for 12 months, 8 months and temporary employment respectively. The abstract of employment generation is given in table 11.2.4.3 (B)

Table 7-24: Employment in (Persons/Man-days)

Sr No

Particulars No of sub

basins

Present 2010 By 2030 12

monthly 8

monthly Temporary 12

monthly 8

monthly Temporary

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Employment

No. of persons 12 9739 13285 55201 61326 46473 8,33,829

2 Employment Man-days (person)

18 783268 (2611)

1214116 (8094)

1726127 (23015)

2407402 (8025)

2929723 (19531)

3690308 (49204)

Total (Persons)

30 12350 21379 78216 69351 66004 883033

Permanent, i.e. 12 monthly employment is generated for 12350 persons and will increase to 69351 persons by 2030. About 21379 persons have employment for eight months and will increase to 66004 by 2030. Annual and eight monthly employments are generated mostly on major, medium irrigation projects and on Malguzari tanks in eastern Vidarbha area of the Basin. On minor S-S, minor L-S and farm ponds temporary employment for 3 to 5 months are generated for 78216 persons and it will increase to about 883033 by 2030.




7.1.12.6 Water and Land requirement Water requirement for fish seed centers and fish conservation ponds is 9.924 Mm3 and will increase to 16.375 Mm3 by 2030.

Land required for fish seed centers and fish conservation centers is to be made available by water resources department. Provision for such activity is to be made in the project report. Such land shall be handed over to fisheries department for further development activity. About 4 Ha of land is required for the development of 1 fish seed centre. The requirement of fish seed centre by 2030 is 204 which require 816 Ha.

7.1.12.7 Co –Operative societies for fisherman: There are about 958fisheries co-operative societies, with52683 members.

Table 7-25: Sub basin wise co-operative societies for fisherman

Sr.No Name of sub basin No. of societies No. of members No of members per society

1 2 3 4 5 1 Mula 10 N.A -- 2 Marathawada: Upper

Godavari, Middle Godavari, Manjara, Terna, Lendi, manar, Dudhana Purna, Kayadhu,Sudha- Swarana Penganga (11)

680 24926 37

3 Middle Godavari 59 NA ---- 4 Kayadhu 11 NA ---- 5 Penganga 206 NA ---- 6 Venna 90 7323 81 7 Nagpur district:

Venna,Nag, Kolar,Pench, Kanhan, & Wainganga sub- basins

105 9600 91

8 Bagh 83 10834 130 Total excluding Sr. No.

1,3,4,5 958 52683 339

No. of members per societies is low in Marathwada Region and high in Vidarbha Region. Considering 65 members per society for 12 monthly and 8 monthly fishing as temporary period, fishing is mostly on farm ponds and minor tanks. No. of societies to be required are about 519 in 2010 and about 2082 by 2030.

7.1.12.8 Infrastructure facilities Infrastructure facilities like cold storage, two wheelers, four wheelers, laboratories, training centers, boats, nets, markets etc. are to be provided for increasing the fish production in the basin.

Following provisions may be made in the future irrigation projects wherever Pisciculture activity is found feasible.

Land required for pisciculture Proper study of bio – diversity with and without reservoirs. Quarterly testing of reservoir water for physical, biological and chemical contamination. Avoid pollution, entry of toxic effluent.




Maintain permanently 3 m depth of water. Prawn (Zinga) farming should he encouraged in the command area by forming fish ponds in water logged area (borrow pits near canal)

7.1.12.9 Recommendations Currently the figures available in the census report have an overlap between persons employed purely in fisheries and those employed partly in fisheries, and those forest dwellers who are also employed in part time fishery. Therefore it is recommended that a detailed survey be conducted during 2021 census so that the potential for employment generation in this sector will be more reliable and accurate. Fish seed must be stocked in the tanks in the form of atleast semi fingerlings (40mm-50mm) under the guidance of technical officers and also have station of fisheries under control of the technical officer’s. Construction of nurseries at the base of medium projects is very essential which will enhance fish production. Fisheries department should appoint a technical officer at Taluka level to increase the interaction between villages a Talukas. Traditional methods have to be built upon and strengthened while new initiatives like cage and culture need to be experimented upon to iron out local problems and establish these techniques of increasing fish production for food and nutrition security. Water User Associations should be actively involved in management of pisciculture in respective reservoirs. Fish processing units should be establish in the sub-basins where, fish processing like dried fish, pickled fish, fish oil can be produced and remains can be marketed as fertilizers on a large scale. There is a need to establish ‘Hydrobiology Stations’ in order to study the different kinds of fisheries in the basin, ways to integrate ecosystem conservation with sustainable use of fish, identifying and studying the commercial production of indigenous and endemic fish species, studying impacts of infrastructure development on fish communities, studies on artificial breeding of endangered and commercially important fish species, fish migration, etc. Water quality assessment, biodiversity assessment, etc, also can be carried out through these centers. The reservoir leasing policy of state needs to be compared and reviewed vis-à-vis the average of annual production figures of the past 3 to 5 years. The lease amount needs to be rationally charged, commensurate with the production, income and some profit for the fisherman. Fishing boats, nets are made available by state fisheries department. Transport facilities, laboratories, training centers, cold storages to handle this perishable item need to be provided.

7.1.12.10 Case studies

Manjra

Dhanegaon fish seed centre, in Manjra sub-basin, has the main objective of breeding the majorIndian Carp fishes like Katla, Rohu, Mrigal and exotic carp fishes like Silver Carp and Grass Carp. For that the brooders are conceived in stock ponds. In this centre there are 100 Nursery Ponds, 34 Rearing Ponds and 3 stock ponds, with a Chinese Type circular Hatchery. The water spread of the farm is 3.52 ha.

In the seed farm the area of the Rearing Pond being insufficient the agencies are at present unable to ream the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the area of Rearing Ponds at this site. The capacity of this Hatchery is 500 lakh Spawn productions. Nearly 1 to 1.25 Lakh fish seeds can be obtained from this. It is now proposed to double the capacity of incubation pool at this Pond.




Wainganga

Traditional fishing systems in the Wainganga sub-basin:

Sustainable techniques for fishing are developed by the Dhiwar community in the Wainganga sub-basin. The techniques have been derived from careful observation of nature and behavior of fish and some of which involve mimicking and creating habitats for fish along river stretches. One such method is the use of 'jhaggis' for capturing fish. Small branches of trees like babool or tamarind are tied together in a bunch and put into the doha or areas where there is a steady but slow flow of water for a cycle of three to four months. The fishermen create a net wall around the jhaggi, only adult fish can be selectively harvested from the doha. The jhaggi creates a small habitat for other aquatic fauna to grow and breed. The number of jhaggi in a doha is decided based on the size and depth of the doha.

Note: Various case studies showing the water demand for conservation tank of size 50*30*1.5 Meters, current traditional as well as modern practices of fishing communitieshave beengiven in the sub-basin plans of Venna, Wainganga, Indrawati and Khobragadi sub-basins.

7.1.13 Water for Tourism Although very important for generation of employment, water based tourism is a non-consumptive use and hence it requires no specific allocation of water. However, keeping all the water bodies clean and wholesome and maintaining E-flows is an important pre-condition not only for attracting tourists but also for maintaining ecosystems and the flora and fauna within it which form an important point of attraction.

7.1.13.1 Introduction: Since a decade and a half, tourism industry has become much more organized and can be now considered a major ‘Growth-Engine’ of economic-development. Several countries have radically transformed their economies by developing their tourism-potential. Tourism has a great capacity to create large-scale employment – from the most specialized, to the unskilled. All in all, tourism has the potential to change the face of the economy of a region. The benefits of planned tourism-development are manifold. Promotion of tourism would bring many direct & indirect benefits to the people in the region.

Godavari River basin has a large untapped tourism potential with forts, mountains, hill stations, heritage/pilgrim centers and wild life sanctuaries. It offers a tremendous scope for different kinds of tourism, like water-based tourism, and forest tourism especially in Vidarbha region, and agro-tourism, pilgrimages tourism in Marathwada region of the basin. Therefore tourism development should be considered as a key area of investment and planning for the basin.

Some of the direct-benefits accruing to the local-c ommunity of a region, as a result of tourism-development are -

Employment opportunities in tourism and hospitality-sector. Development of private-enterprise. Improved standards of living. Social upliftment & improved quality of life. Better education & training. Introduction to sustainable environmental practices, and Foreign-exchange earnings.




Some of the indirect-benefits accruing to the local -community of a region, as a result of tourism development are -

Infrastructure development – power, water, sanitation, hospitals, roads, etc. Market for local-produce. Employment in infrastructure-sector, and Economic upliftment due to income-multiplier effect. The Government of Maharashtra:- “Department of Tourism and Cultural Affairs”, vide its Resolution No. MTC-2005/2/CR-172/Tourism/ dated December, 2006, has decided to extend incentives to promote tourism. Government has also finalized an ‘Action-Plan’ for the immediate & next 5 years to achieve the ‘23+ Objectives’ and has also thought of a ‘Vision-Plan’ for the year 20253. Further, The Maharashtra Water and Irrigation Commission Report has recommended that projects with submergence area greater than 200 ha, be considered as potential sites for tourism development. It may also be noted that the Maharashtra Water and Irrigation Commission Report has recommended that projects with submergence area greater than 200 ha, be considered as potential sites for tourism development.

7.1.13.2 No of irrigation projects, projects having tourism potential, employment generation and visitors visiting water bodies.

There are about 14175 existing irrigation projects including local sector projects and these will increase to 19487 by 2030. Presently there are 47 irrigation project having tourism facilities and it will increase to 2575 by 2030.

About 3290 persons are employed on these 47 projects and 14.36 lakh tourist visit these sites. With the increase of infrastructure development on proposed project by 2030, employment generation will increase to 67916 and number of tourist visitors will increase to 143.30 lakh. Selection of tourist site of major/medium and large-sized minor projects, is based on easy approach by road and near to existing tourist spots. Following tourism facilities can be developed near the tanks i) garden ii) Children park iii) Boating iv) Water sports v) Small Hutments for stay vi) Restaurant vii) Amusement parks viii) House boats ix) Sanitation X) drinking water facilities.

7.1.13.3 Agro-Tourism Since its inception in 1982, NABARD has played a catalytic role in developing rural economy in Maharashtra State by promoting Rural Non Farm Sector (RNFS) activities by launching of grant based promotional program. Rural Tourism is one of the activities included in the program.

The objectives of the program are:

To promote sustainable livelihood in rural areas by way of providing credit support for construction of new structures for the purpose of Guest Houses. Credit and promotional support for creating additional employment opportunities through other tourism related services in rural areas.

Following activities are covered under this scheme:

Lodging / boarding arrangements in local houses. Lodging / boarding arrangements in log-houses, tree-houses in orchards.

3 Tourism Policy, 2006, Government of Maharashtra




Lodging arrangements in tents in orchards and along the fringe of the lakes. Local sightseeing, wild life safari, visit to bird sanctuary, national parks etc.

Currently there are only 10 agro-tourism centres in the Mula and Prawara sub-basin, which are visited by about 5000 tourists annually. It is proposed to develop 400 agro-tourism centres in the Godavari basin, and potential tourists visiting these centres would be about 18.14 Lakh.No Agro tourist centers are proposed in middle Godavari, Terana, Lendi, Manar, Venna, Wainganga, Bagh, Gadhavi, Khobragadi, Pranhita and Indravati sub basin.

7.1.13.4 Eco-Tourism: Eco-tourism envisages the involvement of tourists in observing and learning about nature and participating in conservation and protection of natural resources. The Godavari River Basin (Maharashtra) has many National Parks/ Tiger Reserves and Bird Sanctuaries which currently form the main areas for eco-tourism. However bird and animal watching, habitat observation, native fish counting, construction of water holes in buffer areas, camping, trails along the river, etc. could become part of the water-based eco-tourism.

As the huge water spread area is available in the basin, special river corridors or fish sanctuaries can also be identified in the course of the river and its tributaries and can be developed as eco-tourism sites. Habitat conservation programs can be integrated in the tourism activities. Facilities for rafts or row boats could be provided for rowing in streams falling in the buffer zone or in non-core areas for observing wildlife and forests.

These activities can be started by communities in the newly formed forest villages, in buffer areas, in areas affected by human-wildlife conflict as additional source of income. However, training and capacity building with emphasis on sustainable tourism must be available.

7.1.13.5 Watershed Tourism There are examples of successful watershed development in the state at Kadvanchi, Shivani in Jalara district and Hivare Bazar in Ahmadnagar district. These watersheds have successfully showcased the watershed development works and its benefits attracting tourists and generating employment to the local people. these centers shall be developed keeping view i) Fair weather access, ii) Closeness of Taluka places / towns iii) Linkage with historical monuments/ religious places / traditional water bodies.

Currently there are only 3 watershed centers in Dudhana sub basin. The number will increase to 201 by 2030 and there will be about 11.31 Lakh tourist visitors by 2030. In future watershed tourism centers are proposed in upper Godavari, Purna, Kayadhu, Bembala, Wardha, Erai and Andhari sub basins.

7.1.13.6 Pilgrim centers, Historical places, Eco tourism, Jangal safari, Garden developments, Bird sanctuaries, wildlife sanctuaries.

Pilgrim centers and Historical places

Pravara : Shani Mandir at Shani Singanapur, Datta Mandir at Deogad, Sant Dnyaeshwar Mandir and Mohiniraj Mandir at Newasa, Gorakhnath Mandir at Dongargon, Meher Baba mandir at Puntamba, Khandoba Mandir at Wakdi, Kanifnath Mandir at Madhi, Renukamata




Mandir at Mohota, Vridheshwar Mandir at Hanuman Takali, Ganesh Mandir at Siddhatek, Bhavani Mata Mandir at Rashin, Agasti Rish and Amriteshwar Mandir at Akola, millions of people visit these spots Middle Godavari: Paithan, Apegaon , Rakshas Bhuwan Shani Mandir Mud gal, Sachkhand Gurudwara Nanded, Trikut, Andura etc located of the bank of Godavari and Jamb, Pathri, Parli Vaijnath (Jotirlinga) Raher, Phokarni, Gangakhed, Kapileshwar , Jambul beat etc at other places. About 15 lakh tourists visit Sachkhand Gurudwara at Nanded.

Manjara: Ambejogai, Dharur and Limb Ganesh in Beed district Ramkund in Osmanabad district, Udgir, Latur, Ausa and Wadwal Nagnath in Latur district 11 lakh visitors visit these places.

Terana : Ter museum, Naldurga in Osmanabad, Cave complex at Ausa Udgir and Kharosa in Latur district. Yatra of village attended by 6.75 lakhs visitors.

Purna : Lonal crater, Aundha Nagnath (Joytir Linga) .4 to 5 lakh tourist visit these places

Kayadhu : Narsi Namdeo 10 to 15 lakh pilgrims visit

Manar: Kandhar fort and Jagatung tank yatra at villages, famous fair of Malegaon.About 96,000 visitors visit these yatra.

Lendi : Yatra at villages, about 96000 visitors visit these yatra

Sudha – Swarna: Aparampar Mandir at Patnur, Mahadeo Mandir, Sita Khardi at Wakad, Datta Mandir at Bhurbhushi and Shrung Rishi Mandir

Penganga: Balaji Mandir at Menakar, Mouni Baba and Udasi Math at Chikhali, Vaishnov caves at Shiyur (Hadgam) Renuka Mata and Datta Mandir at Mahur, Sakharam Maharaj Mandir at Loni, Jain temple at Sirpur, Moroti Maharaj at Ghatanj 4 to 5 lakh tourist visit Mahur and Lonar.

Pus : Urus Sharif fair at Arni and Ganti Baba fair at Digras attract 35000 visitors

Arunavati : Padma tirth at Washim, Shri Nrusimha –Saraswati Mandir at Karanja Lad, 50,000 to 1,000,00 visitors visit these sites

Venna : Ganesh Mandir at Kelzar, Shiv Mandir at Dhaga,Durga at Girad, Hinganghat, Jain Mandir at Bazargan, Shirpur Bhuyar. Mahakali temple at Dham project, Gitai Mandir, at Wardha

Nag: Taj bag Darga, Diksha Bhami, Swami Narayan Mandir, Tekadi Ganesh Mandir, at Nagpur, Vitthal Rukhumai and Hanuman Mandir at Umred, Ram Mandir, Buddha Vihar and Mahalaxmi Mandir in and around Kuhi.

Kolar : Ganesh Mandir, Hanuman Mandir, Shiv Mandir and Sharadadevi Mandir at Adasa Mahalaxmi Mandir at Koradi Kapileshwar Mandir at Kelod. Vitthal Rakhumai Mandir at Dhapewada, Shiv Mandir at Saoner, Karpureshwar Mandir, Sharada Devi Mandir and Chandika Mata Mandir at Kotol. Kadembeshwar Shiv Mandir Harinath Maharaj Math at Kalameshwar. Shiv Mandir at Bina a confluence of Kolar and Kanhan river.

Kanhan : Bhavani Mata Mandir, Muralidhar Mandir,Krishnaji Baba Math, Baba Laskarshah darga at Khapa. Trimbakeshwar and Keshav Swami Mandir at Parshivani, Taj baba Darga at Waki, Shiv Mandir at Ambhora a confluence of Aam, Kanhan and Wainganga Rivers, Digambar Jain Mandir and Dragon palace at Kamptee, Kuwara Bhivsen pilgrim place of tribles. Koteshwar Mandir, Shankh Tirth Talav at Nagardhan.

Pench: Ramtek fort, Kalidas Smarak, Ram Mandir, Varah Mandir, Trivikram Mandir, Keval Narsinha Mandir, Rudra Narsinha Mandir, Bhogaram Mandir, Dhumreshwar Mandir , Laxman Mandir, Kalakamata Mandir, Jain Mandir, Ambala Talav, Shiv Mandir, Surya Mandir, Chimabai Bhosale Samadhi, Khindsi talav, Shri Narayan Swami Samadhi, Athara Bhuja Ganesh Mandir, Karpuri Bawadi at Ramtek

Wainganga: Markanda Mandir at Chamorshi, Shiv Mandir at Ambhora,Pauni, Ganesh Mandir at Mandha ( Bhandara) 10 lakh tourist visit these sites.

Bagh : Padmapur – Bhavbhuti




Wardha : Ganesh Mandir at Kalanb and Bharavati (Gaurala) Vitthal Rakhumai Mandir at Koundanypur , Shiv Mandir at Koteshwar, Bhadrashes Mandir, Jain Mandir at Bharavati, Shiv Mandir at Salbardi (in M.P) near Morshi , Samadhi of Rastra Sant Tukadoji Maharaj at Mozari Pingalai Devi at ner Pingalai

Erai : Mahakali Mandir, Samadhi of Gond kind and Anchaleshwar Mandir at Chandrapur.

7.1.13.7 Eco tourism, National Parks / Tiger reserves, Bird Sanctuaries,and Garden development

Upper Godavari : Sant Dnyaneshwar garden, Nandur Madhmeshwaar Garden, Jayakwadi Bird sanctuary, Gautala Sanctuary, Chitalkhora caves, temples, lakes, water fall.

Mula: Agro tourism at Aurangabad Ahmednagar road and Rahuri Agricultural University

Prawara: Agro Tourism along highways

Middle Godavari: Wild life tourism and Adventure tourism on hills of Balaghat near Manjarsumba ( Beed)

Kayadhu : Forest area in Hingoli, Sengam and Kalamnuri Taluka where presence of carnivores and citation of leopards.

Sudha – Swarna : Saharstra Kund forest park , Unkeshwar forest park, for Ancient Shiv Mandir and Hot water spring.

Penganga : Forest area in Hingoli, sengam and kalamnuri Taluka are dense and have good potential

Pus: Presence of carnivores and citation of tiger

Arunawati : Wolf, Jackal, Jungle cat, Wild dogs etc are seen in hilly part of Darwha Taluka

Wardha : Anandwan

Venna: Forest cover of Bor sanctuary is 6110 Ha full of variety of animals like Tigers, panthers, Bisons, Blue Bulls, Chitals, Chikaras, and many bird species. Similarly, area is famous for various Adventure clubs, yoga centers, etc.

Andhari: Tadoba-Andhari tiger project with area of 625.4 Sq.Km, unique ecosystem contains some of the best forest tracks and endowed with rich biodiversity.

Nag: Sitabardi fort,Ajab Banglow, Vidhan Bhawan, Seminary hills, Gondhi sagar talav, Ambazari talav, Telang khedi Talav, Phutala talav , Raghuji Talav, Raman Science Center, Maharaj Bag, Naik and Lendi talav, Sonegaon Airport, Gorewada talav, Kalamana market, Govari Shahid Smarak, Dr. Hedgewar Smarak, Haldiram Amuzement park , Kasturchand park, Raj Bhavan, Chitanis park, old Mahal, Nagpur university, Bakabai Bhisale talav at Dahegaon, Sakkardara palace,zero mile stone of Nagpur, Tank coal mines and fort at Umred, Adam fort in kuhi Taluka, Umred coal mines are visited by 8,000 visitors.

Kolar: Kalmeshwar fort and orange garden in KalmeshwarTaluka, Koradi and Khaparkheda Termal power stations, Kondhali marketing centre for Cotton. A fort on confluence of Kolar and Chandrabhaga at Patan Sawangi. Bhansali Ashram, Ram Ganesh Gadkar smarak at Saoner. Orange and Cotton Katol.

Kanhan : Nagardhan fort orange gardens and export of manganese from Khapa, A forest fort at Ghughasgad. NCC officers training centre and Army posted service training centre, Kolitamara.

Pench : Iron mines and furnace of purity of Iron at Naikund, Raj Prasad, Hidimba tekadi, Buddha stoop at Mansar. Pench tiger reserve, Khindasi lake - a gleeful and cheerful site to spend holidays, Vidarbha’s first thrilling water sport, 1 lakh tourist visit every year.

Wainganga : Navegaon National park, Nagzira wild life sanctuary, Chaparala wildlife sanctuary, Chandrapur and Khindsi tank, Mogarkasa tank. At least 10 lakh tourists visit these sites.




Bagh : Jungle safari with visit to Bagh complex. Around 35000 years old natural cave of at Kachargarh, Hajara fall cascading amidst emerald green vegetation near Darekasa, Ancient place and site for archeological excavation at Nagara.

Gadhavi: Tibetation camp at Gothangaon famous for carpet weaving technique. Protapgarh fort believed to be constructed by Gonds,Shrine of Mahadeo in a deep cave of hill side.

Khobragadi : Two Historic forts of Gond regime are at Wairagad and Tipagad, Bhandareshwar, Gorjai, Pachpande and Ekora temples surrounding Wairagad fort

Pranhita: Jungle safari from Alapalli-Repanpalli-Sironcha, Chaprala wildlife sanctuary covering 135 Sq. Km a corridor joining Tadoba- Andharictiger project and Indravati National park is the main attraction.

Indrawati : The old teak tree in the Allapalli Van Vaibhav forest is 50 m high and 9m girth, Hemalkasa, Bhamaragad wild life sanctuary, Binaguda waterfall

7.1.13.8 Water requirement Water requirement for 9 sub basin viz mula, Pravara Manjara sudha-swarna, vena, Nag, Kolar, Kanhan and pench is calculated. The present requirement is 1.568 Mm3

and will rise to 4.363 Mm3 by 2030. As water requirement for these activities is very less, it is not considered in the planning.

7.1.13.9 Income Generation Currently about 136.10 Lakh tourist visit water bodies, Agriculture fields, watershed, pilgrims centers, bird sanctuary, wild life sanctuaries, gardens and will increase to 319.07 Lakh considering the rate of Rs 5 /- tourist in 2010 and Rs 10 in 2030, the income generation from tourism is Rs 6.81 cr. in 2010 and will rise to Rs 31.91 cr. per year.

7.1.13.10 Case Studies Case Study for Development of Tourist Spot at Mahapur K. T. Weir ( Taluka- Latur)

Mahapur K.T. Weir 8 Km away from Latur city this site is accessible by Ambejogai - Latur State Highway. This place has got religious importance because of Shri Namanand Maharaj Math Sansthan on left bank of Manjra River and just upstream of K. T. Weir. Old existing temple of Lord Shiva and Datta Mandir is also situated on the island formed in the river and about 400 m upstream of K. T. Weir. This site can be developed as a tourism site by providing facilities like children parks, boating club, renovation old Lord Shiva Temple and Datta Temple on existing island. The estimatedannual revenue generation would be Rs. 18 Lakhs per year. About 30 to 40 labors can be engaged per day i.e. about 10,000 man days per year.

Umrer Open Cast Mine - Case Study: Pench Sub-basin

At Umrer, once a coal mines area, now it is an abode of greenery. The mine is located 40 km from Nagpur. This spot is developed through an undertaking of Government of India viz. Western Coalfields Ltd. Nearly 150 tourists visit every week. Similar efforts should be made to develop suitable spots like abandoned mines. Water stored in abandoned mines should be tested, treated and used for appropriate purpose e.g. gardening, washing etc.

'Wainganga River Yatra' as a Tourism Package: Wainganga Sub-basin (No. 25)

The Water Resources Department, Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation, Forest Department and Department of Agriculture can prepare an 'Integrated Tourism Package' which combines water based tourism, wildlife and rural tourism into a single tourism scheme. The package could involve boat rides down the Wainganga river with home stays in fishing villages, visits to sites on the river like




Birsola (Wainganga Confluence with Bagh River), Ambhora (Lift Irrigation Scheme and pilgrim site), Madgi (Dyke -geological feature and pilgrimage site), Gosekhurd Dam Site, Markanda, Chamorshi (archeological site and wildlife sanctuary), etc. It could also include home stays near Malguzari tanks and wildlife trails in the buffer zones of the National Parks and Sanctuaries, home stays in forest villages, etc.

Wainganga Water Tourism Package could include travel along the river, visits to Malguzari tanks, observing the old canal systems, fishing and angling in the rivers and lakes, etc. The thrust of such packages will not be conventional water-sports which require higher investment but showcasing the existing water infrastructure and natural beauty. Such a tourism package could be developed through the Public-Private Partnership Model and small scale entrepreneurs/operators.

7.1.14 Navigation Inland Water Transport (IWT)

Inland Water Transport (IWT) used to occupy a very important place in the transport system of earlier times in perennial rivers such as the Godavari. It had developed much earlier than other modes of transport, such as railways and modern highways. Due to poor organization and management of river services, navigation in rivers gradually declined and with the passage of time, IWT lost its importance. However, it cannot be left out of water resources planning, as it is the most economical and convenient mode of transport. For rivers to be navigable there have to be water courses of sufficient depth and width. As more and more water is extracted, available draft gets reduced for economic navigation. Hence, planning is necessary.

7.1.14.1 Navigation in Godavari Basin (Maharashtra) River Godavari is currently not a perennial river and therefore, the scope for year round water routes through the river course is not possible. For creation of storages across the basin, many villages were shifted away from the banks of the river and settled on higher elevations. These villages require communication by water routes to protect their riparian rights after shifting to the new settlement sites at the higher side. It is therefore proposed that a ‘ferry-facility’ between these rehabilitated villages be established, both for transportation of goods as well as passengers.

Further, besides the navigation system within reservoirs, it is proposed that routes be established along the major river stretches, wherever adequate depth is available, albeit seasonally. As mentioned above in the section on Environmental Flows, the creation of barrages is likely to lead to reasonably long stretches of water where inland navigation on rivers would be possible.

7.1.14.2 Current Status The Godavari mainstream below Jayakawadi has also become perennial because of the construction of series of Barrages. As most of the rivers in the other sub-basins are not perennial, the scope for water routes through the river course is limited.

There are existing ferry facility in Indravati, pranhita, wainganga and middle Godavari sub basins, and in other sub basins excluding Bagh, Gadhavi, Khobragadi, Nag, Kolar, Kanhan , Pench , Venna , Sudha –Swarna and Manjara sub basins, new water routes have been proposed. Sub-basin wise existing and proposed water routes are given in Table

There are eight water routes in the Indravati sub basin between Maharashtra and Chhatisgarh State. Similarly, there are six water routes in Pranhita sub basin between the State of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh (Now Telangana) for passenger transport; and five routes are used for transporting forest produce.




Presently 173 water routes are in operation in middle Godavari, Wainganga, Pranhita and Indravati sub basins. An estimated 12,49,018 persons are benefited by these water routes and the activity provides employment to 397 persons.

By 2030 projected 357 ferry routes are proposed for 330 villages and 2541592 people are expected to use these routes. It will provide employment to 1851 persons.

Table 7-26: Present and proposed water routes, villages benefited, and employment generated

Sr.No Name of sub basin

Present water routes Proposed water routes

No. of routes

Village benefited

population benefited

Employment generated

No. of routes

Village benefited

population benefited

Employment potential

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Upper Godavari

11 22 107822 170

2 Mula 7 14 6800 150

3 Pravara 7 14 3200 300

4 Middle Godavari

2 4 15 61 1,50,000 285

5 Manjara

6 Terana NA 14 25589 NA

7 Lendi NA 14 27090 NA

8 Manar NA 17 38091 NA

9 Dudhana 2 4 4300 20

10 Purna 12 NA 207500 75

11 Kayadhu NA 11 17809 NA

12 Sudha-Swarna

13 Penganga 74 52 108900 148

14 Pus NA 18 31212 NA

15 Arunavati 19 57834 NA

16 Bembala 4 8 13943 40

17 Wardha 7 14 62476 90

18 Venna

19 Erai 3 6 9000 30

20 Andhari 2 4 6000 20

21 Nag

22 Kolar

23 Kanhan

24 Pench

25 Wainganga 152 180 12,49,018 347 194 42 16,64,018 473

26 Bagh

27 Gadhavi

28 Khobragadi

29 Pranhita 11 22 NA 50 11 22 NA 50

30 Indravati 8 16 NA NA 8 16 NA NA

173 222 12,49,018 397 357 372 25,41,592 1851

Source: Data extracted from sub-basin reports. Note: The figure for employment generated is an under estimation since, the employment created by the many of the

routes have not been mentioned in the sub-basin plans (e.g. Pranhita and Middle Godavari sub basin).




Table 7-27: Some of the important Interstate water routes

Sr. No.

From To Sr. No.

From To

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Ranvelli (Andhra Pradesh)

Machali Ghat (Maharashtra)

8 Katkawada (C.G.) Jharedabad (MS)

2 Chittamna (AP) Wangepalli (MS)

9 Pengunda (C.G.) Rela (MS)

3 Mulkapeth (AP) Regunta (MS)

10 Pasewada (C.G.) Yechali (MS)

4 Ravanpalli (AP) Venkatapur (MS) 11 Pasewada Damrencha (MS)

5 Rapanpalli (AP) Sironcha (MS) 12 Gokhur (C.G.) Petta (MS)

6 Kaleshwaram (AP) Nagram (MS) 13 Bhopalpattanam (C.G.)

Patagudam (MS)

7 Kugler (Chattisgarh)

Nelguda (MS)

7.1.14.3 Development of water routes IWT development needs basic infrastructure like fairways, terminals and navigational aids. Hydrographic survey, techno economic feasibility studies and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environment Management Plan etc. will be further essential for development of IWT. In major river water ways development will requires minor excavation for creating channels, dredging, etc.

Provision of shore marks, signalling system, buoys system, traffic control system, jetties, setting up terminal facilities for passengers and small scale cargo handling, roads connecting jetties, booking offices, toilets, retiring rooms etc., will need to be developed along the river banks. All these facilities could be provided under the Guidelines of Maritime Board, Mumbai. Many problems such as bank erosion, siltation, shallow depths, shifting channels, sandbars and lack of infrastructure are likely to be encountered in the development of water ways for IWT in the Godavari basin. Conservation measures such as bank protection works, revetments, dredging and construction of modern terminal facilities will be required in most of waterways, since they are in existence today. With proper development and conservation of river banks by plantation along the banks, IWT would become competitive and would attract tourists and private agencies. These development activities would need to be taken up either by the department of Tourism or the concerned sections within the department of Inland Water Transportation, and sizable investments would be require for creating basic infrastructure, in order to ensure adequate returns on investment. The private sector may also play a major role in this area, although the public departments / ministries may need to take the initial need.

7.1.14.4 Recommended Projects Construction of Piers and Wharfs

In order to promote and improve the currently small-scale water routes, piers should be constructed along the river at specific locations. The locations of the piers should be close to major roads or towns along the river. Fish seed culture stations, cold storage plants for riverine fisheries could be developed near these sites in order to create synergy. Water Links in tanks and reservoirs could be used for local transport or as a tourism activity. For example, boating, river rafting can be a major tourism attraction in many reservoirs and tributaries.




7.1.14.5 Case studies

Vishnupuri IWT Project: A Case Study

Vishnupuri Barrage near Nanded is being developed as a tourist spot. Basic amenities for navigation along the river and across the river are provided with the help of central assistance for Inland Water Transport, Ministry of Shipping, Government of India. The IWT project envisages construction of jetties, roads connecting Jetties, terminal facility for passengers, booking office, toilets, retiring rooms etc. along both banks of the river at various places. After beautification of the river banks through activities such as planting trees, gardening, children’s park, restaurants etc. each terminal can be given to private party for daily operations. Nanded is a pilgrimage centre for Sikhs and many temples and Gurudwaras are located on the bank of the river. This activity will generate employment and increase income and opportunities of livelihood for the locals.

Case study: Navigation facility in Pavana dam in Kr ishna basin

Water storage in Pavana dam was started in 1970. To facilitate connectivity with project-affected villages, the Zilla Parishad started transportation facilities by providing a launch to ferry the villagers.

This facility provided connectivity to Tung, Morve, Kole, Chaphesar, Keware, Wagheshwar, Chavsar, Apti-Gevande etc villages The launch service is a popular mode of transportation and found useful by villagers. This service has been in operation for the last 40 years. Alternatively, in the absence of such facility, the villagers have to travel 5km distance to catch a bus and spend over Rs.50/- per head to reach Pavananagar.

Case study: Ambhora Ambhora is a pilgrimage site in Kuhi Taluka almost 65 kilometers from Nagpur. It is located on the banks of the Wainganga River, downstream of Kanhan-Wainganga and the Amb-Wainganga confluence.

Before Gosekhurd Dam was built, people could cross the Wainganga river by foot during the lean months and visit the temple at Ambhora. Ever since water has been impounded in the Gosekhurd Dam small dhingy boats have started operating to take people across the river. The minimum lease amount at the Ambhora site is almost Rs. 31,00,000. Donga-owners charge about Rs.10-15 per person for every trip, and carry around 6 persons per trip. Besides this exceptional site at Ambhora, there are at least 35 sites along the Wainganga River with much smaller revenues, where donga-ghats have been leased out by the District authorities.




7.3 List of References

Water Stress Indicator, Malin Falkenmark, Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1989 Environmental Flows, Water. The World Bank Group. Website. http://water.worldbank.org/topics/environmental-services/environmental-flows The Report of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal with the Decision, 2007. Guidelines for Preparation of River Basin Master Plan, Central Water Commission & Government of India, 2007. Hirji, R.; Davis, R. Environmental Flows in Water Resources Policies, Plans, and Projects. The World Bank. 2009. Document from website. The Report of the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal with the Decision, 2010. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Maharashtra: Regional Officer, Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation, District Deputy Registrar Cooperative Societies, Manager, District Industry Center, 2010-11 Directorate of Economics and Statistics, GoM: District Planning Officer, DPC, Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation, 2010-11 National Water Policy, 2012. http://www.wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/06/04/000334955_20090604063828/Rendered/PDF/487430PUB0envi101Official0Use0Only1.pd Environmental Flows (Eflows) for Rivers in Maharashtra, Securing Flows for People and Rivers: Report of the Sub Committee on Eflows, MWRRA, GoM, 2015 State Plan of Godavari Basin given by MJP Personal communication and discussion with Dr. Abhay Bang, Society for Education Action and Research, in Community Health (SEARCH), Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, December 8, 2016.) No drinking water at 31% of Maharashtra’s schools: Survey, Pratham’s Annual Survey of Education Report, 2010, News: DNA, dated 16/01/2011 (http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-no-drinking-water-at-31-of-maharashtra-schools-survey-1495080 )




8 Water Transfer Management Large variation of natural surface water availability within many basins or sub-basins exists in Maharashtra state in general and in Godavari basin in particular. Average annual yield rate varies from 0.11 Mm3/sq.km in Dudhna sub-basin to 0.71Mm3/sq.km in Andhari sub-basin of Godavari basin. Projects for interstate water transfer, inter-basin transfer of water within state as well as inter-sub-basin water transfer are in existence and are also being planned. Shortage of water resources, continuous drought situations or flood situations demand planning of these projects in aggrieved sub-basins or water-deficit sub-basins in particular. Priority of water use is also equally important. Detailed feasibility shows that these are technically feasible and economically sound schemes; however not all. Surplus water available is diverted for use in water-deficit basins/sub-basins. However, there is sharp resistance from the stakeholders of surplus water areas for water transfer into deficit area; also involving incidences of clashes amongst these groups. There are options to improve water availability for meeting future irrigation needs. There are cases where there are geographical advantages enabling feasibility of water transfer by gravity schemes without involving costly pumping system. Improved water management is economically more attractive than bringing water from far away locations, through a costly grid. Demand management by improving water use efficiency, evaporation control, recycling and reuse of water, etc., can also achieve the requisite objectives and is also a need of the hour. Small water harvesting structures can improve soil moisture and recharging ground water as an alternative to long distance water transfers. The continued flood and drought situations in the recent past in various parts of the country and the consequent loss of life and property necessitated the Government of India in preparing a National Perspective Plan for interlinking the rivers. However, no such scheme was proposed in Godavari basin within Maharashtra State.

National and State water policies have underlined the principle of equitable distribution of water. It is also emphasized by Tribunal Awards which reads: “The cardinal principle of equitable distribution of water of river basin is that there should be equitable apportionment of the benefits of river and needless wastage of water should be prevented and efficient utilization encouraged’.

8.1 Interstate water projects

8.1.1 Interlinking of Rivers Godavari basin is covered by States six states viz. Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Odisha and Karnataka. The National Water Development Agency (NWDA), GOI, has identified a total of 30 inter-basin water transfer links such as 14 under peninsular component and 16 under Himalayan component (Ref: IWRS, Theme paper on inter-basin transfer of water for National Development, 1996). Following four links in peninsular component are related to Godavari basin –

Mahanadi (Manibhadra) – Godavari (Dolaiswaram) Godavari (Ichampalli) - Krishna (Nagarjuna Sagar) Godavari (Ichampalli) - Krishna (Pulichintala) Godavari (Polavaram) - Krishna (Vijaywada)

In none of these above links water has been proposed to be transferred to any area within Maharashtra. However, subsequently 25 schemes from Maharashtra were




proposed by GOMWRD, to NWDA, out of these 10 projects fall within Godavari basin.

Table 8-1: Proposed River Interlinking Projects in Godavari basin

Sr. No.

Project

Donor basin/Basin

Godavari Sub-basin

Water transfer

proposed Mm3 TMC

1 2 3 4 5 6 First Priority 1 River linking in Vidarbha Region - -

a.) Kanhan-Wardha Kanhan Wardha b.) Wainganga-Nalganga-Purna

(Tapi) Wainganga Waingang

a

c.) Indrawati-Wardha &Wardha Penganga

Indrawati Wardha & Penganga

2 Damanganga (Ekdara) Godavari –(Gangapur)

Damanganga Upper Godavari

283 10

3 Vaitarna (Upper Vaitarna ) -Godavari (Mukane dam)

Vaitarna Upper Godavari

142 5

4 North konkan to Godavari Valley-400m lift

North Konkan Upper Godavari

2831 100

5 Wainganga to Western Vidarbha (Godavari) 150m lift

Wainganga 1132 40

6 Pranhita –Wardha Pranhita Wardha - - 7 Pochampad to Purna and

Manjara (Exchange of water from Inchampalli-Nagarjunsagar to Pochampad RBC)

Pochampad Purna & Manjara

Second Priority Tapi - - - 8 Tapi (Jigaon) to Tapi & Godavari

by lift 425 15

Sub-total 4388 155 Source: GOMWRD letter No.River Link-2009/890(294/09) WRI dated 12.11.2009. The status of approval and

execution was not available.

8.1.2 Interstate Projects There are several interstate projects (Sharing the catchment area of other states with Maharashtra) planned within Godavari basin mainly for irrigation and Hydro Power generation. Water use sharing is mainly on the basis of geographical coverage of the catchment area of the respective states. The water use sharing being as per the Interstate agreements between the states or tribunal awards. There are 41 interstate ongoing projects in Godavari basin




8.2 Inter-basin diversion within State of Maharashtra

Maharashtra State is covered by five basins viz. Godavari, Krishna, Tapi, Narmada, and west Flowing Rivers (WFR). A geographical advantage, surplus water availability, shortage of water has lead to planning of inter basin water diversion within the state of Maharashtra. Most of the planning of the water available for planned use is completed. There is increasing demand of such schemes in water short areas.

The present and future schemes of import of water from neighbouring sub-basins of Vaitarna, Damanganga and Par which have excess water for diversion into upper Godavari sub-basin to take up new irrigation schemes and cater to increased demand of domestic and industrial use. This import is to be accomplished by construction of dams, creating reservoirs and taking long distance canals or lifting waters to a great height. Interstate as well as intrastate water transfer schemes were recommended for persuasion from the considerations of economic viability (Maharashtra Water and Irrigation Commission Report-1999). WRD had constituted the committee under the chairmanship of Chief Engineer, North Region to study the proposal of lifting/diverting water from west flowing rivers to upper Godavari and Girna sub-basin (Report by Coordinating committee –Diversion of west flowing river water into Godavari and Tapi basin,WRD,GOM-2001). The Committee studied and brought out the proposals involving three categories of schemes; a) Gravity flow schemes, b) High Level dams (above 500m.a.s.l.) and low level dams (below 500m.a.s.l.). This will involve diversion of gross water quantity of 1915 Mm3 and Net quantity of 1622.51 Mm3 of water into Godavari basin (including Upper Godavari, Mula and Pravara sub-basins) (Table 8.4). Out of these, gravity schemes are proposed on priority and investigations almost completed.




Table 8-2: Interstate projects

Sr. No

Project

District

Basin

Sub-basin

Live Water use Share of Water use by concerned states

Notes

Storage planning Maharashtra

Karnataka

Telangana M.P. Chhattisg

arh

Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Completed 1 Pench a Totladoh HEP Nagpur Godavari Pench 1,091.00 116.10 116.10 X X 0.00 X Note-

1 b Navegaon

Khairy Nagpur Godavari Pench 180.00 965.00 965.00 X X 0.00 X

1,271.00 1,081.10 1,081.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 Bagh complex a Sirpur Balaghat M.P. Godavari Bagh 192.52 103.16 108.66 X X 53.72 X Note-

2 b Pujaritola Gondiya Godavari Bagh 48.69 78.32 X X X c Kalisarar Gondiya Godavari Bagh 27.75 32.96 X X X 268.96 214.44 X X X 3 Bawanthadi Balaghat M.P. Godavari Wainganga 217.32 217.32 108.66 X X 108.6

6 X

4 Dhapewada-2 Gondiya Godavari Wainganga 44.05 326.65 326.65 X X 0.00 X 5 east Bagh Gondiya Godavari Bagh 67.28 50% X X 50% X Note-

3 6 Teliya Seoni, M.P. Godavari Bagh X X X Note-

4 7 Kanhan

(Kocchi) Nagpur Godavari Kanhan 40.48 75.07 75.07 X X 2.00 X Note-

5 8 Kanhan HEP Madhya

Pradesh Godavari Kanhan 444.60 421.83 283.22 X X 138.6

1 X Note-

6 9 Mongra Sehore, M.P. Godavari Mahanadi 32.05 X X X Note-

7 10 Kathani Godavari Wainganga 225.51 228.47 228.47 X X 0.00 X 11 Inchampalli Karimnagar

(Telangana) Godavari Pranhita 311.41 0.00 56.62 X 2,406.35 X 84.93 Note-

8 12 Bandiya Gadchiroli Godavari Indrawati X X X Note-

9 13 Bhopalpatanam Dantewada (Chhattisgarh)

Godavari Indrawati 8.42 X X X

14 Kotri-Nibra Gadchiroli Godavari Indrawati 17.30 17.83 17.83 X X X 15 Nugur-2 Gadchiroli Godavari Indrawati X X X 16 Chargad Amaravati Godavari Wardha 9.88 9.88 9.88 X X X X




Sr. No

Project

District

Basin

Sub-basin

Live Water use Share of Water use by concerned states

Notes

Storage planning Maharashtra

Karnataka

Telangana M.P. Chhattisg

arh

Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

17 Bhokar River Amaravati Godavari Wardha X X X X 18 Chidwadi Amaravati Godavari Wardha X X X X 19 Khurshi Amaravati Godavari Wardha X X X X 20 Bokad nalla Amaravati Godavari Wardha X X X X 21 Matrala Amaravati Godavari Wardha X X X X 22 Pimpri(Pancha

m) Amaravati Godavari Wardha X X X X

23 Sukhi Amaravati Godavari Wardha X X X X 24 Jalshindhi Amaravati Godavari Wardha X X X X 25 Pusali Amaravati Godavari Wardha 6.29 3.92 3.92 X X X X 26 Bahada Amaravati Godavari Wardha 2.47 2.04 2.04 X X X X 27 Dhanora Amaravati Godavari Wardha 1.81 1.65 1.65 X X X X 28 Lendi Nanded Godavari Lendi 118.32 180.33 111.54 X 68.79 X X 29 Lower

Painganga Yavatmal Godavari Penganga 864.80 1,164.30 1,024.43 X 139.87 X X

30 Pendhari Nalla Amaravati Godavari Wardha 56.81 65.33 65.33 X X X X 31 Satnoor Amaravati Godavari Wardha 1.46 1.46 1.46 X X X X 32 Umari Nagpur Godavari Wardha 5.14 5.14 5.14 X X X X 33 Shekdari Amaravati Godavari Wardha 4.56 4.88 4.88 X X X X 34 Upper Wardha Amaravati Godavari Wardha 584.05 443.67 443.67 X X X X 35 Wai Amaravati Godavari Wardha 2.59 2.59 2.59 X X X X 36 Nagathana Amaravati Godavari Wardha 1.71 1.71 1.71 X X X X 37 Pak Nalla Amaravati Godavari Wardha 10.34 11.24 11.24 X X X X Sub-total 4,618.61 4,480.85 3,976.26 0.00 0.00 303.4

9 0.00

Ongoing 38 Channaka-

Korata Yavatmal Godavari Penganga 22.82 42.48 8.50 X 33.98 X X

39 Bhimkund Godavari Penganga 16.67 21.59 10.80 X 10.80 X X 40 Digras Godavari Penganga 18.59 23.85 4.77 X 19.08 X X 41 Pimpared Godavari Penganga 19.20 23.83 16.68 X 7.15 X X Sub-total 77.28 111.75 40.75 0.00 71.01 0.00 0.00 Total 4,695.89 4,592.59 4,017.00 0.00 71.01 303.4

9 0.00

Remarks: Complete information was not available while preparing the report.




Notes Provision for Pench basin as per agreements between M.P and Maharashtra, states that the share of M.P would be 35/60 of total yield available @ 75% dependibility at Totladoh. In a deficit year the M.P share would be reduced to 35/60 but minimum of 20 TMC, However Pench hydroelectric project at Totladoh with installed capacity 160 MW has power generation sharing of M.P is 2/3 and 1/3 for Maharashtra

Bagh is a joint project for M.P. and Maharashtra comprises a) a storage dam at sirpur b) a weir with some storage at Lohara c) a common canal on the left bank from Lohara. It was agreed that cost of about works will be shared by MP and Maharashtra in the proportion of their water utilisations in a proportion 1:3, It was also agreed in principle that the excess & deficit should also be shared by the state proportionately in the ratio 1:3

As per agreement between maharashtra and M.P, the quantity of water available from Eastern Bagh project will be shared equally after providing 15% upstream reservation.

This project is situlated in M.P. The Govt. of Maharastra has agreed to spare necessary yield for this medium projects of M.P. In the 26th meeting (Oct 97) of I.S.C.B. it was decided that the Kochi barrage should be constructed with FRL 316 m. Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal award has a provision which entitles Maharashtra to receive 15 TMC regulated flows from storage/s in Kanhan valley built in Madhya Pradesh area at

the cost of Maharashtra State during 15th October to 30th June. Madhya Pradesh shall generate hydro-electric power from such projects bearing the cost of power generation. In the Secretary level meeting, held on 28th September 2006, Kanhan HEP with revised water availability was reviewed and it was agreed that ‘10 TMC water will be made available from the water stored in Kanhan HEP for MS and additional 5 TMC water will be made available from other project up to MP-MS border’. GoM has approved in principal the planning of Utilisation of 10 T.M.C. water to be made available from Jovni Khapa Pick up weir during 15thOct.to 30thJune. Out of 10 T.M.C. of water, 9 T.M.C. of water is planned for supply of water to Nagpur City and 1 T.M.C. of water for irrigation in Kalmeshwar Taluka place.

Sheonath (Mongra) project is in Mahanadi Basin in Chhattisgarh. The submergence of Mongra project of M.P. comes in Maharashtra. Reciprocally submergence of Kathani project of Maharashtra Comes in M.P. territory. Board recommended that the GOM should agree to the submergence of lands in Maharashtra under the proposed Sheonath (Mongra) project of M.P. and to the use by M.P. of 75% of the 75% dependable yield from the portion of the Catchment in Maharashtra. On reciprocal basis M.P. should agree to the submergence of lands in M.P. under the Kathani project and to the utilisation of Maharashtra of 75% of the 75% dependable flow contributed by the portion of the catchment of this project in M.P. The Board noted the position that G O M.P. may expedite their Concurrance as this submergence is in exchange for submergence accepted by Maharashtra for Mongra project.

Inchampalli Hydro Electric multipurpose project is a joint venture between states of Maharashtra, M.P. (Chattisgarh) and A.P. (Telangana) as per GWDTA. The power generation at Inchampalli and the cost of power component exluding storage cost shall be shared between the states of M.P. (Chattisgarh), Maharashtra and A.P. in the proportion of 38, 35, 27 % respectively. After generation of power, the state of A.P. can use the water released in any manner they like. The Govt. of Maharashtra vide its letter dated 5/09/2001 agreed in principle to the proposal of FRL at 95.0 m. only both for planning and construction. As per Interstate agreement the A.P. may utilise 85 TMC of water for irrigation. The state of Maharashtra and M.P. (Chattisgarh) may lift 4 TMC and 3 TMC of water respectively out of their upstream allocation. The power generation proposed is 108 MW. out of which Maharashtra's share would be 38 MW.

The participatory states for these projects are Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh. The Mechanisam to finalize interstate issue is yet to be established. Lendi-Subject to verification of data Ref SE,IPI,Nagpur letter no.267 dated 18.02.2017 submitted to ISWP-Committee

CE(WR),amravati Letter no.744 dated 15.02.2017 submitted to ISWP Committee




Table 8-3: Summary of Proposed Gravity Flow and LIS in diversion of west flowing water

Sr. Bain/Sub -basin Pravahi >500m lift <500m lift Total No. Project Project Project Projects

Nos Mm3 Nos Mm3 Nos Mm3 Nos Mm3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Nar par 11 16.463 5 102.119 13 515.088 29 633.670 2 Aurang-Ambika 0 0.000 0 0.000 5 131.723 5 131.723 3 Damanganga 11 30.768 16 184.311 12 1107.068 39 1322.147 4 Vaitarna 5 75.364 4 95.875 0 0.000 9 171.239 Total 27 122.595 25 382.305 30 1753.879 82 2258.779

Source: Report by Coordinating committee–Diversion of west flowing river water into Godavari and Tapi basin,WRD,GOM-2001.

Table 8-4: Proposed Gravity and LIS in diversion of west flowing water

Sr. No.

Donor sub -basin/ Gross Net Irrigation

Drinking Ind Receiving

Schemes Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 dam

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A By Gravity flow diversion

Nar Par

1 a. Palaswihir 1.17 1.00 - 0.98 0.98 Karanjwan

b. Payarpada 2.26 1.94 1.84 0.05 0.05 Karanjwan

2 Ambad 1.04 0.90 0.85 0.02 0.02 Karanjwan

3 Dhondalpada 2.06 1.77 1.68 0.04 0.04 Karanjwan

4 Chilarpada 1.25 1.07 - 1.05 1.05 Karanjwan

5 Chimanpada 1.33 1.15 1.09 0.03 0.03 Karanjwan

6 a. Ran pada 0.44 0.37 0.36 0.01 0.01 Karanjwan

b.Chaphyacha 0.37 0.32 0.31 0.01 0.01 Karanjwan

7 a. Nanasi 1.56 1.34 - 1.30 1.30 Karanjwan

b. Hatti pada 1.60 1.38 - 1.01 1.01 Karanjwan

7 Sub-total:1 13.07 11.23 6.13 4.50 4.50 11.23

Damanganga

1 Golshi 1 3.11 2.68 2.54 0.07 0.07 Waghad

2 Golshi 2,3,4 (Golshi Mahaje)

8.53 7.33 6.97 0.18 0.18 Waghad

3 Ambegan Sankul 1.87 1.61 1.53 0.04 0.04 Waghad

4 Pimpraj 1.68 1.44 1.37 0.04 0.04 Waghad

5 Zarlipada 1.35 1.16 1.11 0.03 0.03 Waghad

14.22

6 Amboli-bombiltek (New) 0.96 0.82 0.69 0.06 0.06 Gangapur

7 Kalmuste 23.14 19.89 16.79 1.55 1.55 Gangapur

8 Amboli valunje 1.45 1.24 1.05 0.10 0.10 Gangapur

9 Velunje Charandi nala(New)

0.68 0.58 0.49 0.05 0.05 Gangapur

10 Waghera 1.19 1.02 0.86 0.08 0.08 Gangapur

2.85

10 Sub-total:2 43.96 37.77 33.41 2.18 2.18

Vaitarna

1 Pegalwadi 1.67 1.44 1.21 0.11 0.11 Gangapur

2 Kapwadi 7.04 6.05 - 3.56 3.56 Darna




Sr. No.




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3 Vaitarna Saddle 33.50 28.79 24.31 2.24 2.24 Mukne

3 Sub-total:3 42.21 36.27 25.52 5.91 5.91

20 Sub-total:A 99.24 85.28 65.06 12.60 12.60

B High level Dams (Above 500 m R.L.)

Par basin

1 Menmal 24.97 21.45 18.49 2.97 - Punegaon

2 Borwan (Par) 28.04 24.09 20.76 3.33 - Punegaon

3 Dehere 8.83 7.59 6.54 1.05 - Punegaon

4 Pilpada 6.49 5.58 4.81 0.77 - Punegaon

58.71

5 Kopuli 33.80 29.04 27.62 0.71 0.71 Waghad

29.04

5 Sub-total:1 102.12 87.75 78.22 8.82 0.71

Damanganga

1 Bordadpada 31.63 27.18 25.85 0.66 0.66 Waghad

2 Gangodbari 9.64 8.28 7.88 0.20 0.20 Waghad

3 Bhoyegaon 13.39 11.50 10.94 0.28 0.28 Waghad

4 Kohor 7.08 6.09 5.79 0.15 0.15 Waghad

53.05

5 Waghachi bari 22.62 19.43 16.41 1.51 1.51 Alandi

6 Ghanshet 7.08 6.09 5.14 0.47 0.47 Alandi

7 Kudacha pada 6.40 5.50 4.65 0.43 0.43 Alandi

8 Jategaon 1 5.99 5.15 4.35 0.40 0.40 Alandi

9 Jategaon 2 4.09 3.52 2.97 0.27 0.27 Alandi

10 Kasampana 2.46 2.11 1.78 0.16 0.16 Alandi

41.80

11 Warasvihir 13.61 11.69 9.87 0.91 0.91 Gangapur

12 Hedki 5.73 4.92 4.15 0.38 0.38 Gangapur

13 Hedpada 1 4.77 4.10 3.46 0.32 0.32 Gangapur

14 Nilmati 22.30 19.17 16.18 1.49 1.49 Gangapur

15 Talyacha pada 14.44 12.41 10.48 0.97 0.97 Gangapur

16 Gonde Kd 13.08 11.24 9.49 0.87 0.87 Gangapur

63.53

16 Sub-total:1 184.31 158.38 139.39 9.49 9.49

Vaitarna

1 Kalampada 25.25 21.70 18.32 1.69 1.69 Mukane

2 Dulachi wadi 13.42 11.53 9.74 0.90 0.90 Mukane

3 Borachi wadi 29.66 25.49 21.52 1.98 1.98 Mukane

4 Udhane 27.54 23.67 19.98 1.84 1.84 Mukane

4 Sub-total:1 95.88 82.39 69.56 6.41 6.41 82.39

25 Sub-total:B 382.31 328.51 287.17 24.73 16.61

C Low level dams (Below 500 m. R.L.)

Par




Sr. No.




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Mankhed 19.61 16.85 14.52 2.33 - Punegaon

2 Sawarkheda (Par) 79.60 68.40 58.94 9.45 - Punegaon

3 Ukhedmal 23.26 19.98 17.22 2.76 - Punegaon

4 Chokada 13.22 11.36 9.79 1.57 - Punegaon

5 Khirdi 95.04 81.67 70.38 11.29 - Punegaon

6 Bhenashet 37.68 32.38 27.90 4.48 - Punegaon

230.64

7 Mamda 22.85 19.63 18.67 0.48 0.48 Waghad

8 Khambale 8.31 7.14 6.79 0.17 0.17 Waghad

26.78

8 Sub-total:1 299.57 257.42 224.23 32.53 0.65

Damanganga

1 Damanganga Proj 103.37 88.82 84.49 2.17 2.17 Waghad

2 Bakipada 71.77 61.67 58.66 1.51 1.51 Waghad

3 Roshni 195.81 168.26 160.04 4.11 4.11 Waghad

4 Hedpada 45.91 39.45 37.52 0.96 0.96 Waghad

5 Devdongri 21.13 18.15 17.27 0.44 0.44 Waghad

6 Kadegaon 12.94 11.12 10.58 0.27 0.27 Waghad

387.48

7 Rayate 64.59 55.50 46.86 4.32 4.32 Gangapur

8 Karoli 60.91 52.34 44.19 4.07 4.07 Gangapur

9 Wal Proj 70.28 60.39 50.99 4.70 4.70 Gangapur

10 Hematpada 47.69 40.98 34.60 3.19 3.19 Gangapur

11 Gund pada 74.67 64.17 54.18 4.99 4.99 Gangapur

12 Khargi Hill 338.00 290.45 245.24 22.60 22.60 Gangapur

563.82

12 Sub-total:2 1,107.06

951.30 844.61 53.34 53.34

20 Sub-total:C 1,406.63

1,208.71 1,068.83 85.88 54.00

1 west Flowing River Pravara *

77.00 77.00 N.A. N.A. N.A.

65 Total: A+B+C 1,965.17

1,622.51 1,421.07 123.21 83.21

Source: Report by Coordinating committee–Diversion of west flowing river water into Godavari and Tapi basin,WRD,GOM-2001.

Note: *: IWRD&M Plan Sub-basin report of Pravara.

In addition to the above, water is being diverted mainly for drinking and industrial use in cities located outside the Godavari basin but in close proximity of assured source (dams/rivers etc). Twelve such schemes with approx. 196 Mm3 water transfer are in operation in this basin and one scheme with proposed diversion is under investigation (Table 7.2.3). As per Maharashtra Water and Irrigation Commission (Dr.M.A.Chitale) 1999; it is essential to transfer water from water surplus regions to water deficit regions and Interstate as well as intrastate water transfer schemes are pursued from the considerations of economic viability. Further, the VIDC had considered diverting the surplus water of 1912 Mm3 of Wainganga to Tapi River




basin, which has a relatively higher scarcity of water, than Godavari, as inter-basin diversion. First the water use will be proposed in adjoining sub basins of Godavari basin and then remaining water will be transferred in Tapi basin. The study is being done by NWDA.

8.3 Left over water as per GWDTA

The total quantity of water as estimated (Chapter-7) is approx. 51757 Mm3@mean dependable yield. Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal (GWDTA) Award, provides restrictions on water use in Godavari basins 29023 Mm3 (as described in tribunal). The remaining water 22734 Mm3 flows into Karnataka and Telaganga States. This water flows out of the Maharashtra State and enters into Telangana State mainly at seven points flowing into Telanganga State.

However, the data reveals the average water spilled over in the downstream states as measured at seven river gauging stations located at exit points varied from 12,142Mm3 to 93,376Mm3 and aggregate was 42,053Mm3 over last 16 years (1999 to 2014) as shown in Table 8.5 below. Thus, there is substantial difference in expected spill over compared with actual spillovers which required through studies. In other words, the water use in the state is still underutilised. Such allocated water shall be transferred from these points by suggesting links.




Table 8-5: Yield measured at exist locations of Godavari River in Maharashtra State

Sr

Station River Area 1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Average

Min Max

No

Name Gauging

Km2 Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3

Mm3 Mm3

Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 Nanded

(Nagapur)

Godavari

53000

1369

2843

2008

2848

1125

477 6102

12870

2050

2575

2324

0 0 0 3064

0 2478 0 12870

2 Sundagi Lendi 1460 86 374 226 102 283 297 489 155 30 19 0 194 155 185 0 489 3 Kasarali

(Khamgaon)

Manar 2480 171 140 233 30 42 7 116 127 33 54 0 233 0 14 0 8 76 0 233

4 Takli Manjara

6571 475 1094

16 6 61 71 0 0 33 749 54 2503

709 27 75 0 367 0 2503

5 Aurad (Sh)

Terna 3145 60 320 52 9 33 0 0 163 86 333 6 256 184 0 122 17 102 0 333

6 Mahagaon

Pranhita

100395

57249

42380

53053

36092

28039

12142

43827

43386

35415

30218

25970

75940

46096

51309

21900

13213

38514 12142

75940

7 Parsewada

Telanadu

146 371 1008

421 286 201 24 525 0 314 304 72 627 306 575 142 96 330 0 1008

Total 167197

59782

48159

56008

39372

29782

13018

51060

56701

37960

34251

28426

79753

47450

51925

25304

13334

42053 12142

93376

Note: The average water spilled over in the downstream states was 42,053Mm3 whereas Minimum and maximum spill over water was 12,142Mm3 and 93,376Mm3 respectively over last 16

years (1999 to 2014). This was on account of unutilised yield in Viderbha and Marathawada. Major contribution is of Pranhita river measured at Mahagaon in Viderbha region, where project planning is in progress. Considering the ongoing schemes, this outflow water is expected to be limited by utilisation of allocated water to the state. Ref: Water Year Books 2006-07, 2009-2011, 2012-2013-201, by Hydrology Project, WRD, Nashik




Table 8-6: Inter basin water diversion schemes

S N Category of diversion

Donor / Receiver Project Purpose Present Future Cumulative

From - To Imp Exp Imp Exp Imp Exp Basin/Sub -basin Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tapi basin

1 Manmad WSS Upper Godavari/Tapi-Girna

Palkhed Drinking 0.00 10.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.05

2 Manmad railways Upper Godavari/Tapi-Girna

Palkhed Drinking 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00

3 W/S to Buldana City. Penganga/Tapi –Purna

Pentakali Drinking 0.00 26.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.00

4 W/S to Buldana City. Penganga/Tapi –Purna

Yelgaon W/S Drinking 0.00 12.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.40

5 Amravati Wardha/Tapi-Purna Upper wardha Drinking 0.00 58.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 58.47

6 Nandgaon Peth MIDC (Addnl)

Wardha/Tapi-Purna Upper wardha Industry 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00

7 Sofia Power of Indiabulls

Wardha/Tapi-Purna Upper wardha Industry-TPS

0.00 87.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.60

8 Export to Tapi link canal from Wainganga river

Wainganga/Tapi Wainganga Irrigation 0 0 0 1,019.00 0 1019.00

Sub-total 0.00 205.52 0.00 1019.00 0.00 1224.52

Krishna basin

9 Export for water supply to Ahamadnagar city

Mula/Krishana basin Mula dam Drinking 0.00 25.00 0.00 55.00 0.00 80.00

10 Export for Ahamadnagar -MIDC

Mula/Krishana basin Mula dam Industry 0.00 11.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.00

11 Osmanabad water supply

Krishna basin/Terna Ujani project Drinking 0.00 0.00 6.79 0.00 6.79 0.00

13 Import from Ujani Dam in Krishna basin ofr

Krisshna basin/terna Ujani dam Drinking 0.00 0.00 6.79 0.00 6.79 0.00







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Osmanabad city

12 Umerga water supply scheme

Terna/Krishna basin-Benetura

Lower Terna Drinking 0.00 1.27 0.00 1.47 0.00 2.74

Sub-total 0.00 37.27 13.58 56.47 13.58 93.74

Konkan basin

14 Par-Godavari Lift Diversion Scheme

Par river / Upper Godavari river

Punegaon / Karanjvan dam

Irrigation 0.00 0.00 97.00 0.00 97.00 0.00

15 Damanganga- Vaitarna - Kadwa - Devnadi link project

Damanganga river / Upper Godavari project

Kadwa Industrial & irrigation

0.00 0.00 202.00 0.00 202.00 0.00

16 Kapwadi Ulhas / Upper Godavari

Kapwadi Irrigation 0.00 0.00 5.66 0.00 5.66 0.00

17 Kalmuste Damanganga / Upper Godavari

Kalmuste Irrigation 0.00 19.37 0.00 19.37 0.00

18 Amboli Weliji Damnganga / Upper Godavari

Amboli Weliji Irrigation 0.00 0.00 1.45 0.00 1.45 0.00

19 Damanganga (Eakdare)--Godavari Basin River Diversion Scheme

Damnganga / Upper Godavari

Damanganga (Eakdare)

Irrigation 0.00 0.00 143.00 0.00 143.00 0.00

20 Waitarna & Alawadi Project Via Mukane project

Wairtarna / Upper Godavari

Waitarna& Aalwadi Strage to Mukane

Irrigation 0.00 0.00 184.00 0.00 184.00 0.00

21 Proposed Diversion of water from konkan basin from Hiwra and Samrad diversion schemes

Konkan / Pravra Hivra-samder Irrigation 0.00 0.00 31.33 0.00 31.33 0.00

22 Import of water into sub basin in Mula sub basin (west flowing rivers)

Konkan / Mula Telarkhid Irrigation 0.00 0.00 19.48 19.48







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 23 Import of water into

sub basin in Mula sub basin (west flowing rivers)

Konkan / Mula khireshwar Irrigation 0.00 0.00 40.01 40.01


Konkan / Mula Sadada Ghat Irrigation 0.00 0.00 11.13 11.13


Konkan / Mula Palhar Ghat Irrigation 0.00 0.00 7.67 7.67


Konkan / Mula Ghatghar Irrigation 0.00 0.00 11.50 0.00 11.50 0.00

27 Western Rivers Diversion Scem 19 (Under Construction)

Konkan / Upper Godavari

Irrigation 0.00 0.00 222.97 0.00 222.97 0.00

Sub-total 0.00 0.00 996.57 0.00 996.57 0.00

Total 0.00 242.79 1010.15 1075.47 1010.15 1318.26

Note;-Sr No 8,17 are prposed schemes.Hence shown Italian Source: Sub-basin plans of Godavari basin The second Krishna Tribunal Award does not permit transfer of water from Krishna Basin to Godawari Basin (Ref: Further Report of Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal, Vol-I, 2013).




8.4 Inter sub-basin (Intra-basin) water transfer

Increasing constraint in water use planning is leading to micro level planning. Having exhausted the major, medium, or minor project sites, watershed level planning of water resources is being discussed nowadays. This Integrated State Water Plan of Godavari basin is therefore an integration of 30 sub-basins of Godavari basin. This gives an opportunity to review the existing water resources planning in terms of water sharing by sub-basins concerned and futuristic planning. Moreover, the award of Godavari Dispute Tribunal and constraints of water use in select sub-basins of Godavari basin have further reduced the water availability for planning. Water from surplus basins should be diverted to water deficit basins. Approx.5958 Mm3 water transfer (import +export) is being done as of today involving over 85 schemes and there is approx.2932 Mm3 of additional water transfer (import +export) envisaged in future (Table 8.7). Major share of water transfer is for irrigation followed by Industrial and drinking purposes.

8.5 Alternative options for water diversion schemes

Water diversion schemes are capital intensive as well as more costly from operation and maintenance point of view. One should resort to this as a last option and only in specific circumstances. These schemes may develop distress among the shareholders later on over the period of years when shortage of water starts feeling. Therefore, it is essential to exercise other options available. Improve the efficiency of existing projects, Irrigation projects, Water supply projects, Industrial water supply, recycling and reuse, rain water harvesting, Groundwater Recharging projects and so on. In Upper Godavari sub-basin where majority of the diversion of west flowing rivers is planned has substantial quantity of domestic waste available, which can be treated for reuse. This can also help the environmental as well as water pollution concerns of the sub-basin to a great extent.

8.6 Conclusions and recommendations

There is restriction for water use in sub-basins as per GDWT award, causing severe limitations on intra sub-basin water transfer thereby restricting water resource development in these sub-basins.Considerable power will be required for diversion and lifting of water from west flowing rivers into Godavari basin. Before, planning of any such schemes, one should ensure the availability of electrical resource during the life span of the scheme.




Table 8-7: Inter-sub-basin water transfer projects/schemes

Sr. Category of diversion

Donor/ Project/ Point of transfer

Purpose Present Future Cumulative

No. From - To Receiver Import Export Import Export Import Export Basin/S ub-basin Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Mula RBC Mula/Upper

Godavari Mula dam Irrigation 215.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 215.00 0.00

2 Upper Godavari-Mula

Mula/Upper Godavari

Mula dam Drinking 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00

3 Bhandardara Pravara/Upper Godavari

Bhandardara Irrigation 135.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 135.00 0.00

4 Bhojapur Pravara/Upper Godavari

Bhojapur Irrigation 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00

5 Pravara LBC Pravara/Upper Godavari

Pravara Drinking 3.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.45 0.00

6 Bhojapur Pravara/Upper Godavari

Bhojapur Drinking 3.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.57 0.00

7 Jayakwadi Upper Godavari/Middle Godavari

Jayakwadi Irrigation 0.00 2027.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 2027.51

8 Jayakwadi to Jalna Upper Godavari/Dudhna

Jayakwadi Drinking 0.00 12.65 0.00 12.60 0.00 25.25

9 Jayakwadi-Parbhani

Middle Godavari/Purna

Jayakwadi Irrigation 0.00 405.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 405.00

10 Export to Pravara sub basin

Mula/Pravara Mula dam-LBC Irrigation 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 0.00


Mula/Pravara Mula dam-RBC

Irrigation 125.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 125.00 0.00


Mula/Pravara Mula dam-LBC Irrigation 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00


Mula/Pravara Mula dam-HLC

Irrigation 7.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.00 0.00

14 Import from Purna project for industries

Purna / Middle Godavari

Purna project Industrial 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00

15 Import from Purna Project for Drinking purpose

Purna / Middle Godavari

Purna project Drinking 27.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.00 0.00

16 Import from Upper Penganga Project

Penganga/ Middle Godavari

Upper penganga

Irrigation 0.00 0.00 655.00 0.00 655.00 0.00







No. From - To Receiver Import Export Import Export Import Export Basin/S ub-basin Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(From RB canal) 17 Import from

Godavari Manar Branch canal **

Manar/Middle Godavari

Manar Branch Canal

Irrigation 132.00 0.00 42.00 0.00 174.00 0.00

18 Import from Manar Sub basin

Manar/Middle Godavari

Drinking 1.35 0.00 2.27 0.00 3.62 0.00

19 Chakur & Bemra RR scheme

Lendi/Manjara Bothi Medium & Hanegaon MI

Drinking 0.00 1.01 0.00 1.49 0.00 2.50

20 Mukhed Urban scheme

Manjara/Manar Kundrala Medium Project

Drinking 0.28 0.00 0.79 0.00 1.07 0.00

21 3 villages from Atola RR scheme

Manjara/Lendi Gharni Project Drinking 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.24

22 Wadji & 5 villages RR and Kharosa & 6 villages RR schemes

Manjara/Terna Tawarja & Masalga

Drinking 1.03 0.00 1.08 0.00 2.11 0.00

23 Mukhed Urban water supply scheme+7 villages in Kandhar +49 village RR schemes

Lendi/Manar Kundrala/Tiru Drinking 0.00 1.73 0.00 3.17 0.00 4.90

24 Zari (Middle Godavari) to Manwat

Middle Godavari to Dudhna

Zari MI Drinking 20.00 0.00 6.00 0.00 26.00

25 Upper Godavari (Jayakwadi) to Jalna Chikalthana.

Upper Godavari to Dudhna

Jayakwadi Industrial 0.00 32.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.07

26 Koradi Diversion Purna/Penganga Khadakpurna Irrigation 0.00 15.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 27 Siddeshwar to

Middle Godavari * Purna/Middle Godavari

Siddheshwar Irrigation 0.00 434.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 434.00

28 Import from Purna for W/S to Hingoli city.

Purna / Kayadhu Drinking 0.00 3.48 0.00 3.28 0.00 6.76

29 Import for industry Purna / Kayadhu I Siddheshwar Industrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.55 0.00 2.55








@ Hingoli (Penganga) 30 W/S to Yavatmal

City. Penganga./Bemble (Wardh)

Chapdoh Med. Drinking 0.00 5.96 0.00 4.28 0.00 10.24

31 Water Reserved for Lower Penganga

Kaydu / Penganga Reserved 0.00 141.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 141.11


Kaydu / Penganga Sapli Dam Irrigation 0.00 0.00 0.00 194.00 0.00 194.00

33 W/S to Lonar City Penganga/Purna Kundafal MI Drinking 0.00 1.01 0.00 1.12 0.00 2.13 34 Penganga/Kayadhu Penganga/Kayadhu Irrigation 0.00 126.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 126.80 35 W / S to Kalamnuri Penganga/Kayadhu Drinking 0.00 1.03 0.00 0.98 0.00 2.01 36 Shindi Turf

Hindnagar (C.T.) Venna/Wardha Venna R Drinking 1.58 0.78 0.00 2.36

37 Water Diversion into Anjansara project

Wardha/Venna Anjansara B Irrigation 0.00 0.00 0.00 84.00 0.00 84.00

38 Water Diversion into Labhansarad project

Venna/Wardha Lobhan Sarad Irrigation 3.58 0.00 0.27 0.00 3.85 0.00

39 Water Diversion into Lalnalla project

Venna/Wardha Lalnala Irrigation 25.90 0.00 16.00 0.00 41.90

40 Water Diversion into Pothara project

Venna/Wardha Pothara nala Irrigation 19.52 0.00 0.00 19.52

41 Penganga Penganga/Wardha Amalnala Drinking 7.96 0.00 3.42 0.00 11.38 42 Maratha Cement

Co. Penganga/Wardha Pakdigddam Industries 3.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.03

43 Water supply Karanja MIDC

Arunavati/Bembla Andh Industries 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 0.00 2.50

44 Water supply to Yavatmal MIDC

Arunavati/Bembla Goki Industries 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.65 0.00 3.65


Arunavati/Penganga Reserved 0.00 303.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 303.53

46 Import from Lower Penganga

Penganga/Arunavati Reserved 0.00 0.00 0.00 172.00 0.00 172.00


Pus / Penganga Reserved 0.00 123.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 123.76

48 Import from Lower Penganga

Penganga / Pus Kali lift Reserved 0.00 0.00 85.74 0.00 85.74 0.00







No. From - To Receiver Import Export Import Export Import Export Basin/S ub-basin Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 49 Ultratech Cement

Co. Wardha/Penganga Awarpur Industries 0.00 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.16

50 Manikgarh Cement Wardha/Penganga Gadchandur Industries 2.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.14 0.00 51 Institute of

Mangment Dorli Kolar/Wardha Chandrabhaga Drinking 0.00 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49

52 Export from Bembla/Wardha

Bembla/Wardha Bembla Irrigation 0.00 215.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 215.44

53 Chandrapur MIDC Wardha/Erai Wardha R Industrial 0.00 9.07 0.00 17.59 0.00 26.66 54 Export to Venna

sub basin Wardha/Venna Didora LI

scheme Irrigation 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.31 0.00 19.31

55 Dhariwala Infrastructure Export to Erai sub basin

Wardha/Erai Industrial-TPS

0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00

56 Hingane M.I.D.C Nag/Venna MordhanNalla Industry 0.00 3.05 0.00 2.00 0.00 5.05 57 Import from Nag

sau basin Nag/Venna Industry 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 2.00

58 Water Diversion into Lanco TPS project

Wardha /Venna Industrial-TPS

0.00 0.00 40.30 0.00 0.00 40.30

59 Water Diversion to Kolar sub-basin for industry

Venna/Kolar Industry 0.00 1.14 0.00 0.86 0.00 2.00

60 Import for Kalmeshwar town

Venna/Kolar Drinking 0.00 0.90 0.00 1.20 0.00 2.10

61 Karanja (M.C.I) & Umarda (Bazar)

Penganga(Arunwati sub basin)Bembla

Adan Drinking 0.00 3.76 0.00 2.32 0.00 6.08

62 Mul -MIDC Wainganga/Andhari Wainganga R Industry 0.11 0.00 2.18 0.00 2.29 0.00 63 Asola mendha Wainganga/Andhari Gosikhurd Irrigation 0.00 0.00 214.18 0.00 214.18 0.00 64 Mul (M.C.I) Wainganga/Andhari Wainganga R Drinking 1.12 0.00 0.88 0.00 2.00 0.00 65 Asola mendha Andhari/Wainganga Asola mendha Irrigation 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 66 Water Diversion

into Lalnalla project Venna/Andhari Lalnala Irrigation 0.00 0.00 12.52 0.00 12.52 0.00

67 Import from Pench sub basin

Pench / Kolar Pench-Canal Drinking 8.01 0.00 10.99 0.00 19.00

68 Import from Wainganga for on

Wainganga/ Kanhan Industrial-TPS

0.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 25.00 0.00








going TPS (NTPC) 69 Export of water to

Kanhan sub basin Nag/Kanhan thermal

power station Koradi

0.00 0.00 0.00 47.45 0.00 47.45

70 Export for Water Supply to Nagpur City

Kanhan/ Nag Drinking 0.00 40.00 0.00 431.00 0.00 471.00

71 Export to Kolar sub basin for irrigation.

Kanhan/ Kolar Irrigation 0.00 0.00 0.00 101.00 0.00 101.00

72 Export to Wardha sub basin for irrigation.

Knhan / wardha Irrigation 0.00 0.00 0.00 59.00 0.00 59.00

73 Water supply to Nagpur city

Pench / Nag Drinking 127.00 0.00 63.00 0.00 190.00

74 Export to Kolar sub basin

Pench / Kolar Irrigation 0.00 25.00 0.00 -17.00 0.00 8.00

75 Export for Khaparkheda TPS

Pench / Kolar Industrial-TPS

0.00 10.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 15.00

76 Export for Koradi TPS

Pench / Kanhan Industrial-TPS

0.00 45.50 0.00 -30.50 0.00 15.00

77 Export to Kanhan sub basin

Pench / Kanhan Irrigation 0.00 223.00 0.00 -41.00 0.00 182.00

78 Export to Wainganga sub basin

Pench / Wainganga Irrigation 0.00 80.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 80.00

79 Export to Nag sub basin for Industries

Pench/Nag Industrial 0.00 1.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 5.00

80 Export for water supply to Gondia city

Wanganga / Bagh Drinking 0.00 5.57 0.00 3.56 0.00 9.13

81 Export tfor water supply to Gondia M.I.D.C.

Wanganga / Bagh Industrial 0.00 0.37 0.00 1.38 0.00 1.75

82 Import from Bagh sub basin

Bagh / Wainganga Irrigation 0.00 4.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.24

83 Import for Irrigation. Khobragadi / Tultuli dam Irrigation 0.00 0.00 0.00 90.77 0.00 90.77








Wainganga 84 Export for

irrigation.(*) Gadhavi/Wainganga Itiyadoh Irrigation 0.00 172.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 172.00

85 Dina Project Pranhita /Wainganga

Dina Project Irrigation 0.00 72.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.63

Sub-total 762.25 4,730.67 1,109.20 1,278.87 1,831.15 6,049.84 Total 985.22 4,973.46 1,597.38 1,335.34 2,542.30 6,349.10

Source: Integrated Water Resource Development and Management Plans-of Godavari sub-basins, GOMWRD Note: Status of the ongoing/proposed schemes is not available




9 Watershed Development and Management 9.1 Watershed development.

9.1.1 Concept of Watershed Development and Management In the seventies and eighties of the last century, concept of Watershed development (WSD) works was initiated by some enlightened social workers in the Maharashtra state, who motivated cultivators from some watersheds to come together to carry out water and soil conservation works to augment GW recharge to enable providing protective irrigation to seasonal Kharif and Rabi crops. Water and soil conservation and increasing green cover in the watershed helped in improving availability of some basic needs of the beneficieries such as food, water, employment, fuel and fodder. Some existing Govt. schemes of soil and water conservation were integrated in the WSD scheme, but success of the scheme was mainly due to cooperation and understanding amongst the beneficieries in sharing all benefits from the scheme in an equitable manner. Beneficieries of this scheme were small and marginal farmers located in upper reaches of the streams and nallas, who were bypassed by the benefits of surface irrigation schemes implemented by WRD, WCD and ZP.

Looking to the potential of this scheme in the overall development of rural area, GoM took a policy decision to take up these schemes as Govt. schemes and since 1990, WSD works are being undertaken as Govt. schemes through Water Conservation Deptt.(WCD) of GoM. Main objective of undertaking these works is to augment GW recharge through different types of Water Conservation works carried out on mini watersheds (less than about 500 ha) from ridge to valley – on streams and on the land in between. Such works are planned in the watersheds where the sub strata are amenable to GW recharge i.e. soil and strata below has sufficient porosity, transmissivity and retentivity for GW recharge. Incidentally these structures conserve soil to improve fertility of the cultivated land and also help in lowering rate of siltation in the reservoirs located on its downstream. It is supported by Bio measures such as pasture development, planting and nurturing of trees on waste lands, nalla banks, field bunds etc. so as to meet fuel and fodder needs in future and to protect and improve the environment.

Even if natural GW recharge due to rainwater takes place over all area of any watershed, entitlement of GW is attached to the landowner who digs or drills well in his land. It is not treated as a usufructuous i.e. common resource of water having right of all land owners in the watershed. However, since WSD works are now being carried out as Govt. schemes at the cost of public money, entitlement / right on the augmented recharge of GW due to WSD works should be treated as common right of involved beneficieries in the watershed. Even then, it is physically not possible to allocate such right equally to all the landowners in the watershed. Aim of watershed management is to share various benefits derived fro m WSD works in an equitable but not in an equal manner. Hence managem ent of WSD works should be entrusted to all potential beneficieries from the watershed. In order that benefits of GW exploitation are not usurped by few influential cultivators in the watershed, there has to be involvement of all stake holders in the management of WSD works. GW could be used by many cultivators if it provides protective irrigation to Kharif and Rabi crops on existing and potential new wells. Some wells near the ‘Gaothan’ would have to be kept reserved as a source of drinking water for people and for cattle. No well should be drilled/dug within specified radius (As per recent GW Act of 2009/2013) from these drinking water wells.




Cooperation and contribution of beneficiaries is also required to de silt CCTs, earthen bunds, bandharas, farm ponds and percolation dams. Removal of silt ensures more efficient GW recharge from the same structure. If the silt is spread on farmland it improves fertility of land. Pastures should be developed on land having very shallow soil cover and on the strips of land in between Continuous Contour Trenches (CCT). Grass grown should be cut and used for stall-feeding of cattle. Grazing of cattle should be banned. Trees, which would provide fuel for cooking and fodder for cattle should be planted along field boundaries, nalla banks, Govt. lands and fallow/waste lands. If protected from cattle and nurtured for 2-3 years, these trees would meet fuel needs for people and fodder needs for cattle in the future. Cooperation of all beneficieries is necessary in ensuring ‘No cattle grazing in the watershed’ (Charai Bandi) and ‘No use of Axe for cutting of trees’ (Kurhad Bandi). Then only these expected benefits could be accrued and degradation of environment would also be prevented.

9.1.2 Types of Watershed Development Works – Various types of works as indicated below are carried out under WSD works

Works on streams, from ridge down to valley and purpose - Gully plugs i.e. loose boulder bunds – Prevent soil erosion Earthen bunds – Conserve soil and water Masonry/concrete bandharas – Conserve water, raise GW Table on either banks to augment GW recharge and conserve soil Gabian/gunny bag temporary bandharas (Vanarai) - Conserve water and soil Underground bandharas – Conserve water below stream bed Percolation dams – Conserve water to recharge GW on downstream and to conserve soil Works on land between two nallas and purpose – Continuous/Discontinuous Contour Trenches - Conserve soil and water Contour bunding on cultivable land – Conserve soil and incidentally water Farm ponds – Conserve water to recharge GW and/or to provide protective irrigation to seasonal crops Bio measures to improve environment – Developing pasture on land with shallow soil cover – Conserve soil and meet fodder needs of cattle Planting and nurturing trees on field boundaries, nalla banks, waste land etc. – Meet fuel needs for cooking and fodder needs for cattle in the future.

9.1.3 Prioritisation in selecting Watershed for taking up WSD works –

Firstly it is essential to carry out necessary geological investigations of each watershed to ensure that the substrata are amenable to augment GW recharge. Priority in selecting watersheds should be given for watersheds in drought prone basins. There also priority should be for overexploited, critical, semi critical and underexploited watersheds, in that order. Priority should also be given for watersheds, which include ‘Difficult villages’. It is learnt that WCD does not have any such policy in taking up the works for implementation. Hereafter at least, such watersheds should be selected where beneficieries give undertaking that they would share the benefits equitably, would implement ‘Charai bandi and Kurhad bandi’ strictly and would reserve some wells near villages exclusively for drinking water purposes.




9.1.4 Sub basin wise details of watersheds – In all the thirty sub basins, some or all types of works are carried out from time to time as per site requirement and programme of the concerned Departments. Table below shows details of area completed and area to be completed. Area completed varies from 5% in the case of Erai sub basin to 73% in the case of Kayadhu sub Basin. Table also shows that there is a wide gap to be fulfilled in near future. Against ‘Worthy area of watershed’ totalling to 77.69 lakh ha in the GB, WSD works have been completed only on 24.16 lakh ha (31%). It is necessary to provide adequate funds for this activity and to carry out works in the manner suggested herein, within the next 10 years.




Table 9-1: Sub basin wise details of watersheds

Sr. No.

Name of Sub Basin No. of Water sheds

Area of Water shed

(In Lakh Ha.)

Worthy Area of

Water shed (In Lakh

Ha)

Completed Area (In Lakh Ha)

Percentage of col. 6 to col. 5.

Categories of Prioritisation

Least Low Medium High

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 Upper Godavari 72 15.50 5.76 1.06 18% 42 15 10 5

2 Mula 12 2.90 1.05 0.36 34% ---- Not Reported ----

3 Pravara 17 3.50 0.76 0.28 37% ---- Not Reported ----

4 Middle Godavari 82 17.39 4.59 0.20 74% 59 9 5 9

5 Manjra 37 7.27 5.37 3.77 70% ---- Not Reported ----

6 Terna 16 3.24 2.48 1.29 52% -- 7 5 4

7 Lendi 12 2.18 0.83 0.22 27% -- 5 5 2

8 Manar 14 2.60 1.55 0.45 29% -- 3 4 7

9 Dudhana 38 6.00 3.98 1.20 30% -- -- 26 4

10 Purna 68 10.27 10.32 2.32 22% - - - 8

11 Kayadhu 9 2.23 0.79 0.58 73% ---- Not Reported ----

12 Sudha Swarna 3 0.80 0.56 0.20 36% ---- Not Reported ----

13 Penganga 66 13.35 9.68 2.33 24% ---- Not Reported ----

14 Pus 7 1.90 1.70 0.47 28% ---- Not Reported ----

15 Arunavati 25 5.17 3.98 2.47 62% ---- Not Reported ----

16 Bembla 21 2.69 0.19 0.06 32% 15 3 3 -

17 Wardha 55 12.46 10.83 1.19 11% 40 12 2 1

18 Venna 34 5.36 3.52 1.05 30% ---- Not Reported ----

19 Erai 7 1.34 0.02 0.001 5% ---- Not Reported ----

20 Andhari 24 4.16 0.37 0.11 30% ---- Not Reported ----

21 Nag 5 0.93 0.43 0.26 60% 3 - 1 1

22 Kolar 5 0.99 0.81 0.35 43% 4 - - 1

23 Kanhan 8 1.49 0.43 0.18 42% 7 - - 1

24 Pench 4 0.53 0.31 0.03 10% 4 - - -




Sr. No.


Area of Water shed

(In Lakh Ha.)

Worthy Area of

Water shed (In Lakh

Ha)

Completed Area (In Lakh Ha)

Percentage of col. 6 to col. 5.

Categories of Prioritisation

Least Low Medium High

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

25 Waignanga 79 13.93 8.62 2.48 29% 78 - 1 -

26 Bagh 13 2.07 0.98 0.31 32% 11 - 2 -

27 Gadhavi 15 1.65 0.48 0.21 44% 15 - - -

28 Khobragadi 10 1.65 0.54 0.30 56% 10 - - -

29 Pranhita 18 3.68 0.54 0.24 44% 18 - - -

30 Indrawati 31 5.18 0.54 0.19 35% 31 - - -

Total 807 152.59 82.01 24.16 29.46%

Note :- √ 1) Marked sub basin have no information about categories of priorities 2) Prioritisation is considered as (a) Categorised "Safe" is reported as "Least" (b) Caterogised "critical " is reported as " high" (c) Caterogised "semi critical" as "Moderate"




9.1.5 Impact of Watershed Development Works: - Conservation of water enables percolation of rainwater in ground to recharge GW. It is the main objective of WSD works. Same structure can ensure recharge of GW with every spell of rain and total recharge in a season can be much more than the storage capacity of the structure. Surface water evaporates but GW does not evaporate. Augmentation of GW can provide protective irrigation (during dry spells in monsoon and early recession of monsoon) to ensure more productive Kharif crop. It can also provide one or two waterings to Rabi crops. Because of improved returns due to providing of protective irrigation to Kharif and Rabi crops, it provides solace to the farmers practicing rain-fed cultivation. Conservation of topsoil containing humus, duly achieved by different types of structures prevents erosion of soil which takes place with the rainwater. Removal of accumulated silt in these structures facilitates quicker percolation of rainwater conserved in these structures and ensures more GW recharge. If the silt is spread on fields, it improves fertility of land. Assured crop in Kharif season and Increase in irrigated area in Rabi season increases overall productivity of land, more earnings to the cultivators and creates more employment opportunities for landless labourers nearly all the year round. With the additional GW recharge and reservation of wells near village for drinking purposes problem of drinking water for people and cattle gets solved, except during drought years, when supply has to be made by Water Tankers. Improved water and fodder availability promotes growth of development of dairy and poultry, which provides additional source of income to the farmers and create more employment opportunities. Problem of getting fuel for cooking (which at present is by cutting trees & brushwood and from farm waste) and problem of fodder for cattle could be solved due to development of pastures and by planting trees. It prevents degradation of terrestrial ecosystems. Improved productivity of land improves fodder availability and more agricultural waste to use as fuel. WSD works have small gestation period (when compared with dam-canal schemes) and hence benefits could be accrued early, if the beneficieries operate the schemes efficiently. WSD structures do not involve submergence of cultivable area (Except in percolation dams) and therefore do not affect the cultivators. WSD works are supposed to conserve water to augment GW recharge by means of various types of structures constructed in the watershed. Each structure would conserve and recharge GW in every rain spell. Hence recharge of GW may be 4 to 5 times the storage capacity of such structures. Additional area that can be irrigated from such augmentation would depend on the quantum of GW recharge. It would mean that whenever WSD works are carried out over some area, there is augmentation of GW recharge and corresponding less water would be available for dams located on its downstream. Irrigation potential of those dams would have to be proportionately reduced. This is the price we have to pay to ensure equity in allocation of irrigation benefits in the sub basins and basins. Since soil gets conserved in the WSD works, there is some solace by way of reduction in siltation of reservoirs located on downstream.




9.1.6 Performance evaluation of completed WSD works – As indicated above, success of WSD works depends on cooperation and understanding amongst the beneficieries of the scheme in ensuring and achieving equitable sharing of the benefits. We often hear success stories of only few WSD schemes in the State, most of which were undertaken with the initiative of enlightened social workers. Since 1990, GoM has been spending huge funds for WSD schemes, which aim at upliftment of marginal farmers through equitable allocation and sharing of irrigation benefits. It is informed that, WCD has no scheme / plans to carry out performance evaluation of completed WSD schemes, even on representative basis.

WCD has issued circular indicating life of various types of engineering structures such as CC Trenches, Earthen bunds, bandharas etc. Life of these structures depends on quality of construction by WCD and how they are operated & maintained by the beneficiaries. If desilting of CCT, earthen bunds, bandharas, percolation tanks etc. is carried out periodically by the beneficiaries, these structures would remain effective in ensuring GW recharge efficiently for long time. If there is any damage to earthen bunds, bandharas, percolation tanks due to unprecedented rains in any year, WCD would have to estimate the cost of remedial works and carry out repairs through special funds specifically allocated for such repairs. But routine repairs have to be carried out by the beneficiaries. Review of status of all engineering structures should be a part of the performance evaluation of completed works carried out as suggested below. WCD should reissue the norms of age of different types of structures duly taking into consideration all such factors.

Govt. has been spending crores of rupees on this scheme in the state. In the Godavari basin itself, cost of balance WSD works at 2015-16 rates is about 217 crores. It is proposed to complete these works in about 3 to 4 years (which appears very difficult). Hence there is need to carry out performance evaluation of some completed schemes (by random selection method for each Region/Agro-climatic zone/category of sub basin) immediately to know actual utility of this scheme in achieving its desired objectives. Every year some schemes should be selected from schemes completed in the earlier years and their performance evaluation should be carried out through Agriculture Universities, WALMI and NGOs working in this sector. Such review should also be carried out again periodically say after every 5 to 10 years for the selected schemes. These schemes should be selected from drought prone areas, overexploited / critically exploited watersheds, normal watersheds etc. to know type of response from cultivators under different agro-climatic conditions. It is desirable to select some successful schemes and some unsuccessful schemes, to know the causative factors behind their success and failure. It is also necessary to record views of the beneficiaries of the selected schemes by the agencies carrying out performance evaluation. Outcome of this exercise would help in improvement in planning, designing and implementing schemes in future. Aim should be to make best use of the investment in providing benefits to poor cultivators on a sustainable basis.

Scheme of performance evaluation of some representative completed WSD works should be chalked out immediately and the same should be completed on top priority




9.2 Sub basin wise additional GW recharge due to WSD works

On completion of WSD works in each sub basin, there would be augmentation of GW recharge and so the potential to take up new wells in each watershed. Number of additional wells that could be taken in any sub basin would depend on the area that could be covered by WSD works and on the quantum of actual additional GW recharge effected on completion of WSD works. It would vary from year to year depending on magnitude of total rainfall and pattern of rainfall (more spells of low intensity showers or less spells with high intensity). Additional GW recharge can be evaluated by taking pre and post monsoon observations on number of wells, before and after completion of WSD works. It can also be estimated from storage capacity of all water conservation works and the number of times it has recharged the GW. It is necessary to carry out such study in some watersheds to estimate potential of WSD works in providing additional protective irrigation to Kharif and Rabi crops and in augmenting drinking water facilities.

Watershed wise details of ground water recharge in Mcum, and possible number of new wells/ bore wells are as tabulated below. This Table should be updated based on latest estimation of GW availability by the GSDA, status of completion of WSD works in each sub basin and statistics of actual number of wells in each sub basin.

It would be seen from the Table below that, out of 807 watersheds in the GB, 35 are overexploited, 12 are critical, 100 are semi critical and 651 are under safe category. It would also be seen that, most of the overexploited, critical and semi critical watersheds together (105 watersheds out of total 147 watersheds) are lying in Upper Godavari, Mula & Pravara sub basins from WGB and Middle Godavari sub basin from CGB.

9.1.7 Criteria for deciding status of exploitation of GW –

As per present GW assessment of the State by GSDA/CGWB, net GW availability for future irrigation is worked out by considering the net GW availability less existing Gross GW Draft for all uses less provision for domestic and industrial requirement up to 2025. However, in the State Water Board (SWB) during its 3rd meeting it was decided to consider 70% of the proposed quantum for GW Plan (i.e. 70% of the net GW availability as exploitable). Accordingly the GW availability was worked out in the previous ISWP of Godavari (Report on Integrated Water Plan of Godavari basin –Khand-1 page 20-21(2015)). The same guidelines of SWB are considered in the present report. It is noticed that this decision has substantial impact on the outcome of the assessment of GW; mainly the GW availability for use and categorisation of the watersheds from status of exploitation of GW point of view, as shown below. The analysis shows increase in over exploited watersheds from 31 to 190 i.e. by 159 watersheds. This means there is urgent need to restrict exploitation of GW in such watersheds and to take up on priority implementation of WSD works if not already done. GSDA & CGWB should study this issue and issue standard guidelines for assigning status of exploitation of watersheds.




Table 9-2: Watershed criticality

Godavari basin Watershed Watershed Change Nos (old) * Nos (revised) Nos 1 2 3 4

Safe 726 562 (-)164 Semi-critical 49 55 (+) 6 Critical 1 0 (-)1 Over exploited 31 190 (+)159 Total 807 807 0 Note: Report on Integrated Water Plan of Godavari basin –Khand-1 page-11(2015)




9.1.8 Watershed wise details of ground water recharge in Mcum and possibilities for number of new wells/ bore wells

Table 9-3: Watershed wise details of ground water recharge in Mcum

Sr. No.


Ground water storage

available after completion of WSD Mcum.

Area Suitable for

Ground Water in

Thousand Sqkm.

Categories of Watershed

Existing wells /

proposed wells ( Lakh)

Over Exploited

Critical Semi Critical

Safe

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Upper Godavari 72 2995 15.52 8 1 15 48 2.09 / 0.50

2 Mula 12 1145 2.07 2 - 1 9 N. A. / 0.01

3 Pravara 17 1930 3.23 9 - 4 4 N. A. / 0.01

4 Middle Godavari 82 2684 16.72 3 7 55 17 N. A. / 0.62

5 Manjara 37 3866 6.85 5 - 2 30 N. A. / 0.02

6 Terna 16 428 2.98 - - 7 9 N. A.

7 Lendi 12 187 1.15 - - - 12 N. A.

8 Manar 14 289 2.40 - - - 14 N. A.

9 Dudhana 38 1705 5.55 1 1 2 34 0.38 / 0.16




Sr. No.




Area Suitable for

Ground Water in

Thousand Sqkm.


Existing wells /


Over Exploited


Safe

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 Purna 68 270 1.19 1 - 5 62 0.63 / 0.42

11 Kayadhu 9 249 2.24 - - 9 N. A. / 0.05

12 Sudha Swarna 3 47 0.73 - - - 3 N. A. / 0.05

13 Penganga 66 630 12.04 - - 2 64 0.10 / 0.30

14 Pus 7 142 1.56 - - - 7 N. A. / 0.03

15 Arunavati 25 210 4.35 - - - 25 N. A. / 0.14

16 Bembla 21 106 2.63 1 - 2 18 0.15/ 0.11

17 Wardha 55 2852 10.31 4 - 2 49 0.80/ 0.51

18 Venna 34 705 5.21 3 - 31 N. A. / N. A

19 Erai 7 85 1.27 - - 7 0.01 / 0.06

20 Andhari 24 120 4.58 - - - 24 0.009 / 0.19

21 Nag 5 74 0.67 - - - 5 N. A. / 0.03




Sr. No.




Area Suitable for

Ground Water in

Thousand Sqkm.


Existing wells /


Over Exploited


Safe

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 22 Kolar 5 93 0.95 - - 1 4 0.09 / 0.04

23 Kanhan 8 155 1.34 1 - - 7 0.05 / 0.07

24 Pench 4 29 0.18 - - - 4 0.006 /0.02

25 Wainganga 79 811 11.74 - - 1 78 N. A. / 0.54

26 Bagh 13 57 1.94 - - 1 12 N. A. / N. A

27 Gadhavi 15 156 9.61 - - - 15 N. A. / N. A

28 Khobragadi 10 46 1.16 - - - 10 N. A. / 0.06

29 Pranhita 18 122 2.60 - - - 18 N. A. / N. A

30 Indrawati 31 51 2.16 - - - 31 N. A. / N. A

Total 807 22,239 132.93 35 12 100 660

Note: Over exploited - No scope to take additional wells. Critical - Maximum utilisation of GW. No new wells should be taken. Semi critical - Above average utilisation of GW. Limited scope to take new wells. Safe - Underutilisation of GW means more wells can be taken. Figures in the Table above indicate sub basin wise availability of GW and scope for digging new wells which could be planned for future development by exploiting GW source. It further

needs to be updated according to latest assessment by the GSDA.




9.3 Recommendations of various Committees:

9.1.9 Committee for Drought Prone Area (Sukhthankar Samiti), 1973

Watershed based soil and water conservation works should be taken up in an integrated manner. Beneficiaries should be trained to participate in watershed development works. Forest development works should be taken up in the catchment areas of Minor Irrigation works on priority, basis. Artificial recharge of groundwater should be done by releasing flood water in canal system and other measures. Groundwater survey and development may be done on a scientific basis.

9.1.10 Dr. Subramanyam Samiti, 1987 Groundwater regulation authority should be established at State level and Act should be passed to control groundwater use.

9.1.11 White Paper, 1995 Long term measures are necessary to recharge groundwater. Groundwater should be treated as social good and its use for drinking and irrigation purpose be done efficiently based on availability. Peoples' participation in watershed development for strengthening drinking water resource is necessary.

9.1.12 Maharashtra Water & Irrigation Commission, 1999 Watershed Development Programme should be implemented under one umbrella based on integrated manner (258). Water yield estimation in watershed should be done on scientific basis and not on the basis of ad hoc empirical formulae. It is necessary establish Agro-MET Observatory in each micro watershed (262). Record drawings of watershed development works be prepared, the responsibility of M&R of these works should be entrusted on beneficiaries and Gampanchayats. Watershed Development Authority should be established (263). Multi disciplinary organization at Taluka level should be established to execute watershed development works in an integrated manner (278) Groundwater survey and development should be done watershed wise and not on administrative region wise (280). Groundwater use should be regulated to control over exploitation (282). Detailed geological investigations should be done before undertaking artificial groundwater recharge measures (285).




9.1.13 National Water Policy, 2002 / 2012 Drought-prone areas should be made less vulnerable through soil moisture conservation measures, water harvesting practices, development of the groundwater potential including recharging. There should be a periodical reassessment of the groundwater potential on a scientific basis. Exploitation of groundwater resources should be so regulated as not to exceed the recharging possibilities, as also to ensure social equity.

9.1.14 Way forward WCD works are implemented at the cost of public money, for extending irrigation and other benefits to small and marginal farmers practicing rain-fed cultivation. With surface irrigation schemes, investment is made by Govt. and irrigation management is also being done by Govt. Only since 2005, efforts are being made to transfer irrigation management of all state sector schemes to the WUAs, for improvement in water use efficiency. In the case of GW development, investment is made entirely through private sector by individual cultivators (but for the liability on account of soft loans provided for digging / drilling wells to some cultivators, providing subsidy to introduce MIS and towards providing electricity at subsidized rates). Management of GW irrigation is also with the individual land owners. Water use efficiency is very high because it is motivated and guided towards achieving maximum net benefits from the investment.

In the case of watershed development activity, planning and implementation of scheme in the watershed is done mainly by Water Conservation Department (WCD). However, operation, maintenance and management of the WSD works over the watershed is expected to be done by the beneficiaries. WSD schemes are seen to be successful only where beneficiaries cooperate in operating the scheme by sharing the benefits equitably and in ensuring restriction on cutting of trees and on uncontrolled grazing by cattle & goats. After completion of WSD schemes it is necessary to desilt water conservation structures periodically to maintain their efficacy in conserving water and recharging the GW. If beneficiaries do not maintain them properly, scheme is likely to go in disuse. If GW recharge benefits are enjoyed by few cultivators to grow water consuming perennial crops like sugar cane, there remains no equity in sharing the benefits. Then the purpose of implementing these schemes is lost.

Drinking water for people and live stock used to be provided by treating GW as the main source. Deep GW aquifers were also treated as a source at some places. Drinking water has become a very critical issue due to uncontrolled exploitation of GW in many watersheds. Taking up of WSD works would improve this situation, if it is managed efficiently by the beneficieries. If the tendency of cultivators to indiscriminately exploit the additional GW recharge is allowed to continue, drinking water problem would not be solved despite augmentation of GW by WSD works. Hence it is necessary to take an undertaking from the beneficiaries where WSD work are proposed to be taken up that, they would reserve some specific wells near villages exclusively for drinking purposes




and would not dig/drill any well within specified radius/distance from these wells as per provisions of the GW Act 2009/2013. WSD works should not be carried out unless such written undertaking is given by the beneficiaries. Notification declaring public drinking water sources needs to be issued under section 20 of the Maharashtra Ground Water (Development and Management) Act, 2009/2013 {MGW (D&M) Act 2009}.

It is learnt that, Watershed level GWMA (Ground Water Management Association) has been established in Jalna district under MWSIP under the title’ User Centered Aquifer level Groundwater Management. It extends over 5675 ha from 8 villages in Jalna District. Considerable improvement in equitable use of GW and adoption of MIS has been reported. Performance evaluation of this and similar such activities carried out in any other watersheds should be carried out and guidelines should be issued by WCD to enable replication of such activities. It is mandatory as per section18 (2) of MGW (D&M) Act 2009/2013 that, Government shall constitute in each district ‘District Watershed Management Committee’ (DWMC). Similar committees should be constituted preferably at each sub basin level. NGOs working in the rural area should be motivated and provided with financial incentives to guide the beneficieries of WSD works in implementation of such schemes. As per section 18(3) of MGW (D&M) Act 2009, DWMC shall prepare Integrated Water Shed Development and Management Plan (IWSD&MP) for each watershed and then integrate IWSD&P of all the watersheds in the district. Similar action should preferably be taken for each sub basin. State Integrated Water Shed Development and Management council, to be constituted under Section 16 of the said Act, shall approve the IWSD&MP after assuring that it is in consistent with State Water Plan (SWP).

It is learnt that there is no programme / plan of carrying out performance evaluation of completed WSD works with the WCD. Unless such evaluation is done on some selected watersheds it is not possible to make any assessment of actual benefits of these schemes to the small and marginal land holders in the upper areas of tributaries and streams. Such assessment is more essential because success of such scheme depends entirely on efficiency in management of the scheme through joint cooperative efforts of the beneficiaries. WCD should take immediate action to implement it on the lines indicated in para 8.1.6 above.

Prior to taking up WSD works, geological investigations should be carried out to ensure that the sub strata in the watershed are amenable to conserve water and to recharge shallow GW aquifers. WCD should ensure that at least one rain gauge station is installed in every watershed and record is maintained by the people. Monitoring of pre and post monsoon GW Table in representative wells shall also be done. They should keep water account of quantity of water received each year and utilized by them for various purposes. Villages should keep record of number of functioning wells each year and area and type of crops grown each year. WCD should evolve a scheme to organize formation of a committee for management of every WSD work and evolve a streamlined system for maintaining all such record by the committee. Some NGO should be assigned to look after and monitor these activities for a contiguous group of watersheds.




10 Water Balance of Godavari Basin The Tribunal for Godavari water disputes has divided Godavari Basin into 12 sub basins as below:

G-1: Upper Godavari G-5: Middle Godavari G-9: Pranhita G-2: Pravara G-6: Manar G- 10: Lower Godavari G-3: Purna G-7: Penganga G-11: Indrawati G-4: Manjra G-8: Wardha G-12: Sabrai

The sub basins G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4 (part), G-5 (part), G- 8 (part), G-9 (part), G- 10 (part) and G - 11 are in Maharashtra state.

10.1 For preparation of ISWP of Godavari Basin In detail the Godavari Basin in Maharashtra is further divided into 30 sub basins and their co- relation with the sub basins of Godavari water Disputes Tribunal is shown below:

Table 10-1: Rivers and sub-basins

Sub basins as per GWDT

Sub basins as per ISWP



1 2 3 4 G-1 1.Upper Godavari

2.Middle Godavari. G-7 1.Kayadhu.

2.Pus. 3. Arunavati. 4.Penganga.

G-2 1.Pravara. 2.Mula.

G-8 1.Venna. 2 Erai. 3. Wardha. 4.Bembla

G-3 1. Dudhna 2. Purna

G-9 1Andhari 2.Nag. 3.Kolar. 4. Kanhan . 5.Pench. 6. Wainganga. 7. Bagh. 8. Gadhvi 9. Khobragadi. 10. Pranhita(part)

G- 4 1.Manjra. 2.Terna. 3.Lendi.

G-10 1 Pranhita(part)








1 2 3 4 4.Manar.

G-5 1.Sudha. 2. Suwarna

G-11 1. Indrawati

Water balance of Godavari Basin:

10.1.1 General Life on earth is influenced by the earth’s unending moisture cycle. It is known as the hydrologic cycle. Precipitation reaching the earth surface may be intercepted by vegetative material, may infiltrate into the ground, may flow over the land surface as runoff, or may evaporate. Evaporation may be from the surface of the ground, from free water surface or leaves of plants through transpiration.

Some of the precipitation runs over the land to streams and other part soaks into the soil. The water that enters the soil is detained in the plant root zone and eventually appears on the surface by plants or by soil capillary. Some of it, below the root zone, under the influence of gravity moves down and enters the ground water reservoir. This is our ground water resource. On joining ground water, the infiltered water moves through pores, crevices, joints etc. and reappears at the surface at areas of lower levels as subsurface flow. Soil acts a reservoir of water and a part flows under ground to the stream or lost in atmosphere by evaporation. A part of precipitation is locked up in soil moisture and some portion moves in atmosphere as air moisture.

The above phenomenon is expressed in the hydrologic equation as below.

P= R +I +Ev +Et+Sm+Am

Where P is precipitation,

R is runoff,

I is infiltration,

Ev is evaporation,

Et is evapo-transpiration,

Sm is soil moisture

Am is air moisture.

In case of Godavari basin, about 80% of water required by agriculture in Kharip and 20% in Rabi come from soil moisture due to the infiltration of rain water and 100% of all water used by forest or by natural vegetation also comes from soil moisture. However, this




portion of the water is normally not calculated or included in the water balance framework. This has been a customary practice and therefore same has not been presented in this chapter. On account of this the category ‘water use’ and its volume gets considerably understated. Currently there is no system in use for measuring it and therefore it is acknowledged but not included in the category of ‘planned water use’ for the basin. In view of this the equations developed for each sub-basin (30 in total) are meant for calculating the potential yield i.e. the rainfall runoff and not the water balance equation per se.

The Water Resources Department is primarily concerned with the yield or the runoff which could be stored in dams or barrages and so on. It also takes into account, the precious volume of water stored in the soil and rock mass below ground in the form of ground water for planning the water governed developmental activities namely irrigation, domestic water, industry etc. These two components i.e. surface water and the ground water play key role in satisfying the needs of almost all the activities on the earth.

In normal circumstances where the yield in the form of annual run off is measured at the mouth of the river (0-mean sea level), the yield figure(average dependability ,75% dependability etc..) accounts(includes) all the ground water component generated in the river basin. In case of Godavari basin within the state of Maharashtra, the main river and also its tributaries do not meet the sea (0-msl) within the boundary of the state. The main river meets Bay of Bengal in Andhra Pradesh and all its tributaries joining from right and left join the main river either within or out side the state boundary. As a result of this, the ground water component (entire ground water flow) does not reappear in the annual yield (measured at the state boundary). A portion of it, crosses the state boundary at deeper level and some part may appear in the river course within the state boundary. Tribunal has put limitations on the use of surface water (in the form of river flow).There is no restriction on the use of ground water within the state boundary. It is therefore in the interest of the state to abstract all the ground water available within the state boundary (as permitted by the state ground water Development act) and use the same for irrigation, domestic purpose, industries etc. Under these circumstances total availability of water for the state is assessed as summation of these two components i.e. surface and ground water within the regulatory limitations imposed. The case of Konkan Basin of the state will be on a different footing as all the west flowing rivers join the Arabian sea (0-msl) within state boundary.

In view of above the water balance of the basin / sub basin is prepared in two parts. 1) Surface water & 2) Groundwater. The groundwater balance is enclosed as Annex- IV- Groundwater balance. The water balance is prepared from academic point of view only to know how much water is in balance in the sub basin.

10.1.2 Surface Water Availability This study includes assessment of total surface water availability, existing uses, reasonable requirements in the foreseeable future (2030 AD) and determination of surplus or deficit. The methodology adopted for working out water balance is discussed in the following paragraphs.

For realistic estimation of the water availability in sub-basin, a long term yield series for that sub-basin is required. Generally, observed flow data for a sub-basin is not available for long duration. As such long-term yield series for a sub-basin is developed from the




available concurrent rainfall and runoff data using regression analysis. Usually terminal river gauging site is considered for this purpose. However, reliability and period of availability of data are the other considerations for selecting the gauging site. To the observed flows of the selected gauging site, upstream utilizations in respect of irrigation, hydropower, domestic and industrial requirements are added to get the virgin yields. Weighted rainfall values for the catchment upto the gauging site and also for the whole sub-basin are worked out. Using these virgin flows and weighted rainfall up to the G&D site, the regression analysis is carried out. Using the best-fit equation and the weighted rainfall for the entire sub-basin, long-term yield series are generated. From the long term yield series the 75% and 50% dependable and average yields of the sub-basin are computed and same are reproduced below . Chapter 6 discusses the findings of such exercise for the sub basin.The sub basin wise yield of different dependabilities are presented below. Restrictions imposed by GWDT Award are also presented below.

Table 10-2: Sub-basin wise present Annual Yields arrived for Godavari Basin

Sub-basin Catchment area Sq.Kms.

Derived Dependable yield 40% 50% 75% 90% Mean Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Upper Godavari. 15509 5057.0 4761.0 4112.0 3449.0 4964.0 Pravara. 3507 1285.0 1166.0 876.0 790.0 1203.0 Mula. 2902 1118.0 1006.1 785.1 748.0 985.0 Middle Godavari.

17394 4199.0 3628.0 2720.0 1710.0 4091.0

Manjara. 7275 1434.0 1207.0 758.0 430.0 1285.0 Terna. 3241 402.0 371.0 274.0 196.0 397.0 Lendi. 2189 465.0 403.0 316.0 139.0 425.0 Manar. 2645 526.0 410.0 247.0 222.0 427.0 Dudhana. 6039 682.0 577.0 398.0 231.0 610.0 Purna. 10275 2752.0 2321.0 1829.0 1592.0 2682.0 Kayadhu. 2239 672.0 538.0 333.0 182.0 607.0 Penganga. 13352 7098.0 6990.0 5167.0 4091.0 6554.0 Sudha -Suvarna 803 291.0 253.1 170.8 125.0 279.0 Pus. 1908 724.0 629.0 428.0 296.0 668.0 Arunavati. 5171 1460.0 1229.0 785.0 146.0 1598.0 Bembla. 2684 455.0 383.0 272.0 210.0 430.0 Wardha 12469 4491.3 3768 3074.0 2030.2 4070.0 Venna. 5364 1564.0 1487.0 1131.0 890.0 1496.0 Erai. 1341 425.0 401.1 271.5 215.0 391.0 Andhari. 4161 3141.0 2641.0 1615.0 796.0 2678.0 Nag. 930 283.0 267.0 232.0 191.0 282.0 Kolar. 994 340.0 285.0 245.0 187.0 325.0 Kanhan 1488 393.0 384.0 322.0 232.0 402.0 Pench 539 219.08 191.85 135.5 101.25 205.94 Wainganga 13935 6852.0 6455.0 5717.0 5405.0 6578.0 Bagh 2074 1030.77 934.16 743.33 585.36 983.88 Gadhavi. 1654 790.0 771.0 559.0 469.0 754.0 Khobragadi. 1656 807.0 784.0 688.0 581.0 872.0 Pranhita. 3682 1925.0 1911.0 1425.0 1030.0 1797.0




Sub-basin Catchment area Sq.Kms.

Derived Dependable yield 40% 50% 75% 90% Mean Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 Mm3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Indravati. 5178 3789.0 3648.0 2977.0 2439.0 3717.0 Total 152598 54670 49800 38607 29708 51757 Note:- 1. The sub basin wise dependable yield are vetted by the chief engineer hydrology project, Nashik 2. For hydrological study catchment area of the Godavari basin is considered as 150523 Sq.Km. only. 3. The 75% dependable yield of Lendi & Dudhana sub basin are calculated as per field verified by CWC for Lendi project

and lower Dudhana project and same are 321 & 398 Mm3 respectively.

Table 10-3: Water allocated to State of Maharashtra by GWDT

S.N. Sub basin Details of Water allocation as per

GWDT

Quantity of Water Allocated Fixed

Quantity As per 75% Dependable

yield

As per Average

Dependable yield

Mm3 TMC Mm3 TMC Mm3 TMC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 G-1 & G-2

Godavari upto Paithan Dam

All waters upto Paithan Dam

-- -- 5837 206 7151 252.59

2 G-3 Purna sub basin &

All waters upto Sidheshwar Dam.

-- -- 1148 41 1544 54.53

G-1 Godavari

Below Paithan Dam upto Pochampad Dam

2888 102 -- -- -- --

3 G-4 Manjra sub basin

In Manjra sub basin upto Nizamsagar Dam

849 30 -- -- -- --

4 G-5 Middle Godavari below Pochampad

Middle Godavari downstream of Pochanpad Dam

11.30 0.4 -- -- -- --

5 G-7 Penganga sub basin

1) Water allocated upto Lower Penganga project. (As per Agreement)

3338

118

-- -- --

--

2) All waters upto Waghadi Project Dam site on Waghadi river & upto Saikheda Dam on Khuni river

-- -- 138 5 277 10

(b) Rest of Penganga sub basin

255 9 -- -- -- --

6 G-8 Wardha

(A) All Waters of the river Wardha and / or

-- -- 1894 1131

116

2244 1496





GWDT



yield

As per Average

Dependable yield

Mm3 TMC Mm3 TMC Mm3 TMC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

sub basin its tributaries for its existing, under construction and proposed projects / schemes upto the following points. 1) upto Tulna Project on Wardha River at Tulna village.

272 ------- 3297

430 4170

147.29

2) On the tributaries of Wardha River joining down stream of the Tulna Project site upto i) Chargaon Project, ii) Nirguda &Bandara Project

-- -- 15 124

-------139

5 146 5.15

(B) Rest of Wardha Sub basin

736 26 -- -- -- --

7 G-9 Pranhita

sub basin

A) All waters upto (1) Gosikhurd Project on the Wainganga river (2) Lower Chulbund on the Chulband river. (3) Itiadoh Dam on the Garvi river (4) Satti project on the Satti river. (5) Lower Tultuli dam on the Khobragadi river. (6) Lower Kathani dam on the Kathani river. (7) Karwappa Project dam on Karwappa Nalla (8) Bhimkund dam on the Pohar river. (9) Dina dam on the Dina river. (10) Buti nala dam on the Buti nala (11) Gardi project dam on the Gardi

-- -- 5564 196.54 7180 253.62





GWDT



yield

As per Average

Dependable yield

Mm3 TMC Mm3 TMC Mm3 TMC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

nalla (12) Nimghat dam on the Nimghat Dhoda nalla (13) Asolamendha dam on the Pathri river. (14) Ghorajhari dam on the Bokardho nalla. (15) Human nalla dam on the Human nalla. (16) Naleshwar dam on the Upsa nalla. (17) Andhari dam on the Andhari river.

Regulated releases of 425Mm3 from October to June in Kanhan sub basin from Madhya Pradesh.But available as per communication from Madhya Pradesh

416 14.69

Bagh sub basin : As per Agreement with Madhya Pradesh 3/4 th share of 10.1 TMC Water available on down streem side of Pujari toal in Maharashtra (75% Yield)

214 7.55 569 20.10 1056 37.30

As per agreement entered in 1964 between State of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh regarding sharing of Pench River, 30 TMC water is available to Maharashtra from Madhya Pradesh.

849 30 -- -- -- --





GWDT



yield

As per Average

Dependable yield

Mm3 TMC Mm3 TMC Mm3 TMC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Regulated releases

from October to June in Wainganga sub basin from Madhya Pradesh

425 15 -- -- -- --

B) Rest of Pranhita sub basin

1161 41 -- -- -- --

8 G-10 Lower Godavari sub basin

Lower Godavari sub basin

28 1 -- -- -- --

9 G-11 Indravati sub basin

(a) Water availability upto Bhopalpattanam hydel Project

963 34 -- -- -- --

(b) Below Bhopalpattanam hydel Project

198 7 -- -- -- --

Total 12331 434.64 16692 589.61 21524 760.30 Mm3 = Million cubic meter TMC = Thousand Million cubic feet Where all water is allocated by GWDT, considering the 75% dependable yield as water available + fixed quantity allotted

by the GWDT = 29023 Mm3 (1025.18 TMC). Where all water is allocated by GWDT, considering average dependable yield as water available + fixed quantity allotted

by the GWDT = 33855 MM3 (1196 TMC). Ref. : 1.The report of the Godavari Water disputes Tribunal (with the decision) Vol-I – 1979 2.Chapter no.6 of this report.

10.1.3 Water Requirement The requirement of water at the ultimate stage for various uses viz. irrigation, drinking, industry and hydropower is worked out/ proposed to be worked out as under:

Irrigation Needs: Water requirements for irrigation are assessed for all the existing, ongoing and proposed major, medium and minor projects in the sub-basin. For this purpose, all the projects planned by Maharashtra WRD, as per the master plan are considered. While the designed annual utilization as per the detailed project reports is considered for the existing and ongoing projects. The requirements for future projects are determined on the basis of current policies and norms. Domestic Needs: Based on 2011 census, human population as well as livestock population is projected to 2030 AD using suitable annual compound growth rate. The requirements are worked out separately for the rural and urban population by the Chief Engineer Mahsrashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran Aurangabad. In case of rural population, per capita daily needs of 140 lit. have been adopted including water demand for cattle. The urban water demand is also worked out with 140 lit per capita as daily need. The present drinking water requirement for rural population is worked out @70lit. per capita (including water demand for cattle). For urban population same is worked out@100 lit. per capita.The rural water demand is shared by both ground water and surface water as per availability of ground water in the sub basin. The availability of ground water is taken from the report of respective sub basin prepared by the agencies engaged for preparation of master plan of Godavari Basin.




Industrial Needs: The industrial requirement considered to be met with from surface water is compiled from field data and secondary data and same is confirmed from the concerned Chief Engineer M I D C. Hydropower Needs: Requirement for the hydropower is taken to be the evaporation losses at the reservoirs designed for hydropower generation. Presently no storage is set apart, partially or wholly, for hydropower generation. So is the case with the future projects and hence the needs for this purpose are nil.

10.1.4 Regeneration The regeneration flow from gravity irrigation schemes has been considered as zero on account of excessive abstraction of ground water for various uses during non-monsoon period and likelihood of switching over to modern irrigation system in near future. The return/ regenerated flows from urban and industrial uses are considered 80%. The effect has been given in the water planning by the year 2030 only.

The water balance of all the 30 sub-basins is based on 75% dependable yield. The figures of water availability, water allocation etc are inclusive of evaporation component.

In some of the sub-basins the water balance is seen as minus. This indicates excess planning with respect to 75% dependable yield. This ultimately results into planning based on lower dependable yield. The regenerated flow from non-irrigation uses to the extent of 80% by the year 2030 dilutes this effect to certain extent. The planned irrigation potential can be restored by switching over to modern irrigation systems. The figures of non-irrigation uses (city water supply and water supply to industries) are based on the sanctioned schemes of water supply as communicated by the concerned authorities. The so called over size water reservoir can accommodate the effect of possible increase in the rainfall in the years to come due to climate change.

10.1.5 Water Balance of sub basin Water Balance for each sub basin is worked out and presented at Annex- I (Table no. 1 to 31.) The water balance takes into account all types of uses i.e. existing, ongoing and future projects. It is proposed in two parts, present means 2016 and 2030. The integrated water balance of Godavari basin is based on water balance of all 30 sub basins together.

10.1.6 The integrated water balance The integrated water balance is prepared in four parts namely:

Godavari Basin upto Paithan Dam Middle Godavari Basin Godavari in Wardha & Godavari in Wainganga.

I. Godavari Basin upto Paithan dam (Godavari main r iver, pravara & mula) :- This part covers mainly North Maharashtra region and about 23% area is from Marathwada region.

As per Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal Award, all the water is allowed to be used in this part. As such water available at 75% dependable yield is taken as water available for use and the integration of water balance at present and by 2030 of Upper Godavari,




Pravara and Mula is made in table 10.4 below. The water balance of these three sub basins is presented in Annex-1 at table 1, 2 & 3.

Table 10-4: Integration of water balance at present and by 2030 of Upper Godavari, Pravara and MulaI

Sr. Availability Ref Planning Sr. Use Ref Planning No Table Mm3 Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water

available 10.1 5837 5,837 1.1 Domestic use

a. Urban 11.2 170.73 290.45 b GWDTA allocation2 10.1 5,837 5,837 b. Rural+Livestock 11.2 143.85 375.13 All waters Sub-total: (a+b) 314.58 665.58 2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 11.2 146.00 254.00 a. Regeneration 12.3.1 0 232.36 Sub-total:-

(1.1+1.2) 460.58 919.58

(urban use) b. Regenaration 12.3.1 0 203.20 2 Interbasin/sub-

basin transfer (export) &

7.3.1 2,119.23 2,187 (indu.use )

Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 435.56 Water for environment

0 0

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import)

7.3.1 0 554.57 3 Sub-total:1+2 2,579.81 3,106

4 Water recived through river

4 Irrigation use

4.1 Major & Medium

11.1.1 3489 3489

State+Local 11.1.1 553 553 From Import 0.00 0 Total 4042 4042 5 Recharge -from

irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others

Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 4042 4042 5 Total Use (3+4) 6621.81 7148.58 Balance water

for irrigation -785 -321

Total (1+2+3+4+5) 5,837 6,827 Grand Total 5,837 6,827

Note:- @@:- The projects for diverting water from west flowing rivers can be sanctioned and taken in hand for about 554.57

mm3. These schemes will include gravity diversion schemes and lift diversion schemes. Some of the gravity diversion schemes have already been taken in hand.

Note :

The existing export of water

Inter basin transfer

1 Manmad-Tapi for Manmad WSS & Railway from Palkhed project for Drinking 11

Water is exported to Ahmadnagar for city water supply and for MIDC..Ahmadnagar city is in Krishna basin. This is inter basin export.

36

47

Intra basin export

2 To Middle Godawari for Irrigation from Jayakwadi project 2027.51

3 To Dudhana Sub Basin for drinking purpose from Jaykwadi Project 12.65

4 To Dudhana Sub Basin for industrial purpose from Jaykwadi Project 32.07




2072.23

Total export 2,119.23

The future export of water

5 Manmad-Tapi for Manmad WSS & Railway from Palkhed project for Drinking 11

Water is exported to Ahmadnagar for city water supply and for MIDC..Ahmadnagar city is in Krishna basin. This is inter basin export.

91

Total 102

Inter basin export




2186.83

The future import of water Future

9 The expected import of from diversion of west flowing rivers.

Diversion schems from west flowing rivers which are under construction 222.97

Kapwadi in Ulhas sub basin (by gravity) 5.663

Kalmuste in Daman ganga(by gravity) 19.37

Amboli Weluje in Daman ganga sub basin (by gravity) 1.45

Diversion from Waitarna and Alwandi reservoirs to Mukne reservoir (by gravity) 184

Proposed diversion schemes of west flowing river( Hiwra & Samrad) for irrigation Proposal diversion schemes of West flowing river in Mula sub basin

31.33 89.79

554.57

Total Irrigation Use upto Jayakwadi Dam :

Unit : Mm3 Particulars Upper Godavari Pravara Mula Total

Major+medium 1982 831 676 3489 Minor Irrigation (State+Local sector)

311 115 127 553

Total 2293 946 803 4042

Recommendations :

Jayakwadi dam is a terminal storage in upper Godavari sub basin.The catchment area of this reservoir extends in Pravara and Mula sub basins also.While according sanction to this project upstream utilization of all projects was restricterd to 115.5 TMC i.e.3270 Mm3. But as per actual, upstream utilization has crossed this limit.The actual upstream utilization is 151 TMC i. e. 4277 Mm3 (as per sub basin studies). As such the yield in the Jayakwadi reservoir gets reduced sizably. In bad years the situation becomes precarious. In view of this, there is a need to evolve a formula for sharing of water between upstream reservoirs and Jayakwadi reservoir on the principle of equity. The water for future planning is available subject to the realization of all eastward diversion schemes proposed from Kokan basins or else there will be more shortage. New schemes for




irrigation and non-irrigation purposes could be undertaken only after ascertaining physically the availability of west flowing water. The irrigation potential could be enhanced by resorting to micro irrigation and nurturing seasonal, less water intensive crops. There is no scope for water intensive perennial crops like Sugarcane, Banana etc, Studies shall be undertaken to find out exact quantity of return flows from irrigation projects.

II. Water Balance of Middle Godavari (Godavari basin Below Paithan dam to the boundary of Maharashtra state i.e. Babhali Band hara including sub basins of Purna, Dudhna, Sudha, Swarna, Manjra,Terna, Lend i, and Manar rivers.)

This area is divided into three parts namely i) Part - up stream of Pochampad dam : (middle Godavari,lendi,manar,dudhana,purna &sudha sub basins), ii) Part - upstream of Nizamsagar dam: (Terna and Manjra sub basins) and iii) Part - below pochampad dam site :Swarna sub basin.

i) Middle Godavari, Lendi, Manar, Dudhana, Purna & Sudha sub basins: The Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal has permitted to use 102 TMC (2888 MCM ) of water below Paithan Dam upto state boundary of main Godavari river and below Siddeshwar Dam on Purna river and below Nizamsagar Dam on Manjra and up to Pochampad Dam on Godavari river. Upto Siddheshwar dam in purna sub basin all water is allowed to be used by state.This part covers Middle Godavari (G-5part), Dudhna (G-3part), Purna (G-3part), Lendi (G-4part), Manar (G-4part) & Sudha (G-5part) sub basins.These sub basins are on upstream side of Pochampad Dam.The breakup of 102

TMC is : i) the water use sanctioned by the state before 6.10.75 is 42 TMC and ii)

water use allotted by Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal after 6.10.1975 is 60 TMC. The

sub basin wise shares are as follows:

Table 10-5: Sub-basin wise shares –Middle Godavari

S.N. Sub basin Share of sub basin in Mm3

75% Dep. Yield in Mm3

1 2 3 4

1 Mddle Godavari 1826 2720

2 Lendi* 212 316

3 Manar 247 247

4 Dudhna* 368 398

5 Purna up to Siddheshwar dam All waters 1148

6 Below siddheshwar dam site in purna sub basin

190 681

7 Sudha 45 97

Total 2888 (102 TMC) 5607

total water allowed to be used = 2888 Mm3 + all waters up to siddheshwar dam ( 1148Mm3) = 4036 Mm3 Note:--The 75% dependable yields of Lendi & Dudhna sub basins as worked out and vetted by the C E Hydrology Project,

Nashik are181 & 348 Mm3 respectively. But as per CWC report the 75% dependable yield at Lendi & dudhna Projects are 234 & 288 Mm3 respectively which are much higher than that worked out and vetted by C E Hydrology Project, Nashik. As such the yields rate per Sq.Km. catchment area as per CWC’ report are adopted and worked out 75% dependable yield for the sub basin.

Source: Chief Engineer Water resources Department Aurangabad’s letter no.2949dated 05/06/2017




ii) This part of Godavari Basin is above Nizamsagar dam covering Terna (G-4) and Manjra (G-4) sub basins.

The Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal has permited to use 30 TMC ( 849 Mm3 (of

water for this part. The breakup of 30 TMC is : i) the water use sanctioned by the state

before 6.10.1975 which is 8 TMC and ii) water use permited by Godavari Water

Disputes Tribunal after 6.10. 1975 which is 22 TMC. This water use is restricted to the

area in the manjra sub basin (G-4) above Nizamsagar Dam site for new projects

including any additional use over and above the sanctioned or cleared utilization as case

may be after 6.10.75. The sub basin wise share of 30 TMC ( 849 Mm3) is as follows:

Table 10-6: Sub-basin wise shares of Terna and Manjra

Sr. No.

Sub basin Share of sub basin in Mm3

75% Dependable Yield in Mm3

1 2 3 4

1 Manjra 623 758

2 Terna 226 274

Total 849 1032

Total water allowed to be used= 849 Source: Chief Engineer, Water resources Department Aurangabad’s letter no.2949 dated 05/06/2017

iii) Part below pochampad dam site :

This part covers Suvarna sub basin (G-5 part).

The Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal has allocatted 0.4 TMC (11.32 Mm3) of water.

The Maharashtra state can use a quantity of 0.4 TMC (11.32 Mm3) of water in the Middle Godavari sub basin for the existing, under cunstruction and proposed projects / schemes downstream of the Pochampad Dam.

The integrated status of water balance at present and by 2030 of Middle Godavari Basin is presented in tables below:

The water balance at presnet and by 2030 of Middle Godavari, Lendi, Manar, Dudhana, Purna, Sudha, Manjra, Terna and Swarna is also presented in Annex-I at table no. 5 to 12.




Table 10-7: Middle Godavari Basin - Picture of Integrated Water Balance : Present Status

S.N. Sub basin Present Status (Mm 3)

Available Water (MM3) Water use (MM3) Balance Water (7-13) As per

Tribunal Award

Recycled water from domestic &

industrial use

Import Total water

(3+4+5+6)

Dome-stic

Indu-strial

Irriga-tion

Export (-) Total (8+9+10+11

+ 12) Intra basin

Inter basin

Intra basin

Inter basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Middle Godavari

1826 0 3277 0 5103 97 66 4136 425 0 4724 379

2 Lendi 212 0 0 0 212 22 0 261 3 0 286 -74

3 Manar 247 0 2 0 249 20 0 364 133 0 517 -268

4 Dudhana 368 0 65 0 433 24 6 498 0 0 528 -95

5 Purna 1338 0 406 0 1744 98 0 1404 480 0 1982 -238

6 Sudha 45 0 0 0 45 3 0 29 0 0 32 13

7 Manjara 623 0 1 0 624 66 2 660 1 0 729 -105

8 Terna 226 0 0 1.03 227 29 0.35 313 0 1.26 343 -116

9 Below Pochampad dam site - Suvarna

11 0 0 0 11 3 0 1 0 0 4 7

Middle Godavari Basin

4896 0 3751.05 1.03 8648 362 74 7666 1042 1.26 9145 -497

Ref. For Sr.No. 1 : Annex 1, Table 5, Sr.No. 2 : Annex 1 Table 11, Sr. No. 3 : Annex 1 Table 12, Sr. No. 4 : Annex 1 Table 6, Sr.No. 5 : Annex 1 Table 7, Sr.No. 6 : Annex 1 Table 8.1, Sr.No. 7 : Annex 1 Table 9, Sr.No. 8 : Annex 1 Table 10, Sr. No. 9 : Annex 1 Table 8.2.




Table 10-8: Middle Godavari Basin - Picture of Integrated Water Balance : Status By 2030

S.N. Sub basin Status By 2030 (Mm 3)

Available Water Water use Balance Water (7-13) As per

Tribunal Award

Recycled water from domestic &

industrial use

Import Total water

(3+4+5+6)

Dome-stic

Indu-strial

Irriga-tion


+ 12) Intra basin

Inter basin

Intra basin

Inter basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Middle Godavari

1826 247 3321 0 5394 234 195 4178 431 0 5038 356

2 Lendi 212 21 0.24 0 233 60 9 261 7 0 337 -104

3 Manar 247 20 6 0 273 67 13 364 178 0 622 -349

4 Dudhana 368 50 83 0 501 89 32 498 0 0 619 -118

5 Purna 1338 68 407 0 1813 215 5 1404 485 0 2109 -296

6 Sudha 45 4 0 0 49 7 0 29 0 0 36 13

7 Manjara 623 50 3 0 676 152 3 660 3.42 0 818 -142

8 Terna 226 33 2 7 268 63 15 313 0 3 394 -126

9 Below Pochampad dam site - Suvarna

11 0 0 0 11 7 0 1 0 0 8 3

Middle Godavari Basin

4896 493 3822 7 9218 894 272 7708 1104 3 9981 -763

Ref. For Sr.No. 1 : Annex 1, Table 5, Sr.No. 2 : Annex 1 Table 11, Sr. No. 3 : Annex 1 Table 12, Sr. No. 4 : Annex 1 Table 6, Sr.No. 5 : Annex 1 Table 7, Sr.No. 6 : Annex 1 Table 8.1, Sr.No. 7 : Annex 1 Table 9, Sr.No. 8 : Annex 1 Table 10, Sr. No. 9 : Annex 1 Table 8.2.




III .Water Balance of Godavari in Wardha (Kayadhu, Arunawati, Pus, Penganga, Bembla, Wardha, Venna & Erai) :-

Penganga river is the tributory of Wardha river as such the whole Wardha sub basin covers Penganga (G-7) and Wardha (G-8) sub basins Penganga (G-7) sub basin:

Kaydhu, Arunavati and Pus are tributoris of Penganga river as such the whole Penganga basin covers Penganga, Kayadhu, Arunavati and Pus sub basins.

As per Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal Award the State of Maharashtra can use:

All waters upto Lower penganga project site near Chikal wardha on Penganga River subject to the condition that the lower penganga project would be taken up as joint project. The details of the joint project will be negotiated separately by the states of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.

Accordingly, an inter state agreement with Andhra Pradesh was reached in 1999 relating to scope of Lower Penganga and other projects. The dicision was taken with consent of both the secretories to ristrict the use of Lower Penganga project as below:

i. Use upto Lower Penganga project (excluding use of LPP as per agreement)

2274.30 Mm3 (80.31 TMC)

ii. Use of Lower Penganga Project (as per agreement)

1063.38 Mm3 (37.55 TMC)

Total *3337.68 Mm3 (117.86 TMC)

all waters upto Waghadi Dam site on the Waghadi river near village yelbara and all waters upto Saikheda Dam on Khuni river near village Lintagi.

The state of Maharashtra can use from the waters of the rest of the Penganga sub basin 9 TMC (255 Mm3) for its existing, ongoing and proposed schemes each of which individually will not exeed an anual use of 1.5 TMC.

Total water allocated to the Penganga sub basin (G-7) by Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal is as follows:

1 Upto Lower Penga nga project * 3338 Mm3

2 Upto Saikheda and Waghadi dam all waters

(75% dependeble yield up to the project) 138 Mm3

3 Rest of Penganga sub basin 255 Mm3

Total 3731 Mm3

* As per Tribunal Award Maharashtra state can use all waters upto Lower Penganga project. (75% dependable yield upto Lower Penganga project is 5419 Mm3)




Wardha (G-8) sub basin: Bembla, Venna, Erai are the tributories of Wardha river as such whole wardha sub basin covers Wardha, Bembla, Venna and Erai sub basins.

Water balance in Wardha sub basin (G-8)

Table 10-9: Water use allocated as per Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal in Wardha (G-8) sub basin

Sr.no. Particulars Water allocated (Unit -

Mm3)

Remarks

1 2 3 4 I State of Maharashtra can use all the waters of the

river Wardha and /or its tributaries for existing, under construction and proposed projects upto the following points.

a All waters upto Tulana Project on the Wardha river at Tulana village, subject to the use of 9 - TMC by state of Madhya Pradesh upstream of contemplated Upper Wardha project of the State of Maharashtra and The state of Madhya pradesh can use a quntity of 1 TMC of water in the remaining portion of the sub basin. Total

10 TMC (283 Mm3) of water shall be used by the

State of Madhya Pradesh = 1894 Mm3.

1894 Mm3

1131 Mm3

75% dependable yield is taken into consideration. Bembla and Venna sub basins are in the catchment area of Tulana project as such the 75 % dependable yield of Venna and Bembla sub basins is taken into consideration - All waters upto Tulana project. The 75% dependable yield is considered in Venna sub basin.

272 Mm3 All waters upto Tulana project. The 75% dependable yield is considered in Bembla sub basin.

b On the tributaries of Wardha river joining downstream of Tulana project site upto :

i Chargaon project across chargaon river = 15 Mm3 15 Mm3 75% dependable yield is taken into consideration.

ii Nirguda project 124 Mm3 75% dependable yield is taken into consideration upto Nirguda and Bandara project.

iii Bandara project




Sr.no. Particulars Water allocated (Unit -

Mm3)

Remarks

1 2 3 4 In addition to the above use of water upto the projects

as specified above the following use is agreed to for the schemes existing, under cunstruction and proposed in the wardha sub basin downstreem of the project sites mentioned above.

sr. no.

Project TMC

i Mudhali Project 2.80

ii Lift Irrign. from Dhanora weir 2.70

iii Lift Irrign. from Mared weir 2.80

iv Lift irrign. from Kalmana weir 2.00

v Lift irrign. from Thohegaon weir

1.60

vi Lift Irrign. from Sonapur weir 2.00

vii Usagaon Bulsani and Chandur Lift Irrigation Schemes

3.00

viii Other Scheme each of which individually not more than

1.5 MC

9.10

Total 26.00

736 Mm3

(26- TMC)

Grand Total 4172 Mm3

As per Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal in Wardha sub basin (G-8) Maharashtra can use 4172 Mm3 of water.

The integrated status of present and by 2030 of Water Balance of Godavari in Wardha is presented in table 10.10 & 10.11.




Table 10-10: Godavari in Wardha - Picture of Integrated Water Balance : Present Status


Available Water Water use Balance Water (7-13)

As per Tribunal Award

Recycled water from

domestic &

industrial use

Import Total water

(3+4+5+6)

Dome-stic

Indu-strial

Irriga-tion


+ 12) Intra basin

Inter basin

Intra basin

Inter basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Penganga* 3731 0 23 0 3754 84 26 3711 680 38 4539 -785

2 Bembla 272 0 13 0 285 33 1 218 216 0 468 -183

3 Wardha 2591 0 277 0 2868 118 71 1419 13 156 1777 1091

4 Venna 1131 0 3 0 1134 51 40 572 53 0 716 418

5 Irai 178 0 9 0 187 16 119 42 0 0 177 10

Godavari

in Wardha Basin

7903 0 325 0 8228 302 257 5962 962 194 7677 551

Note * : The water balance of Penganga sub basin includes water balance of Kayadhu, Pus, Arunawati and Penganga sub basins and water balance of these sub basins are presnted in Annex-I at table no. 13 to 20.

Ref. For Sr.No. 1 : Annex 1, Table 14, Sr.No. 2 : Annex 1 Table 17, Sr. No. 3 : Annex 1 Table 18, Sr. No. 4 : Annex 1 Table 19, Sr.No. 5 : Annex 1 Table 20.




Table 10-11: Godavari in Wardha - Picture of Integrated Water Balance : Status By 2030

S.N. Sub basin Status By 2030 ( Mm3)


Tribunal Award

Recycled water from

domestic &

industrial use

Import Total water

(3+4+5+6)

Dome-stic

Indu-strial

Irriga-tion


+ 12) Intra basin

Inter basin

Intra basin

Inter basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Penganga* 3731 129 29 0 3889 208 79 3711 694 38 4730 -841

2 Bembla 272 28 22 0 322 70 3 218 216 0 507 -185

3 Wardha 2591 390 357 0 3338 242 369 1494 194 156 2455 883

4 Venna 1131 122 149 0 1402 97 103 676 84 0 960 442

5 Irai 178 179 47 0 404 25 199 42 0 0 266 138

Godavari in Wardha Basin

7903 848 604 0 9355 642 753 6141 1188 194 8918 437

Note * : The water balance of Penganga sub basin includes water balance of Kayadhu, Pus, Arunawati and Penganga sub basins and water balance of these sub basins are presnted in Annex-I at table no. 13 to 20.

Ref. For Sr.No. 1 : Annex 1, Table 14, Sr.No. 2 : Annex 1 Table 17, Sr. No. 3 : Annex 1 Table 18, Sr. No. 4 : Annex 1 Table 19, Sr.No. 5 : Annex 1 Table 20




Recommendations :-

1. The possibility of tapping water for Thermal Station Parli (Khadka barrage on river Godavari) from upstream reach of Kayadhu sub basin May be studied.This will cut down the losses in transportation of water through river Godavari. Replacement of present units (from water cooled to air cooled) and state of art methods of flyash disposal will save lot of water. This should be on the agenda. In addition MAHAGENCO is considering proposal for using recycled water from Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation. The use of urban recycled water of Beed, Ambejogai and Parali Vaijanath can also be thought of in this context. 2. Upper Penganga project consists of two dams viz. Isapur on Penganga river and Sapli on Kayadhu river. All command area is being created under this project. There is opposition to Sapli dam. Hence study of various alternatives may be made to utilize water allocated for Sapli dam, in the command area of Upper Penganga project. Raising height of Isapur dam may also be studied to increase success rate of Upper Penganga Project.




IV. Godavari in Wainganga (Andhari, Nag, Kolar, Kahnan, Pench, Wainganga, Bagh, Gadhvi, Khobragadi, Pranhita and Indravati).

1 This part covers Andhari, Nag, Kolar, Kahnan, Pench, Wainganga, Bagh, Gadhvi, Khobragadi, Pranhita and Indravati sub basins. The water alloted by Godavari Water

Disputes Tribunal in G-9 and G-10 sub basins is as follows:

Table 10-12: water alloted by Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal in G-9 and G-10 sub basins

Sr. no.

Water allocation as per Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal award

Name of the sub basin involved Water allocated in Mm3 (TMC)

1 2 3 4

1 State of Maharashtra can use all waters of the river Wainganga and / or its tributories up to the following points

i. Gosikhurd project site on Wainganga river village Gosikhurd

In the cachment area of Gosikhurd dam following sub basin are involved Nag, Kolar, Kanhan, Pench & Wainganga.

i Nag sub basin - All waters is to be used;

the 75% dep. yield is 232 Mm3

ii. Kolar sub basin - All waters to be used; the 75% dep. yield is

245 Mm3

iii. Kanhan sub basin - Total yield from origin to the confluence with Wainganga river :

75 % dependable

yield

1450 Mm3

Water available upto MP and MS border

1128 Mm3

Share of MP as per

tribunal (26.76 TMC) 758 Mm3

Balance with MS 370 Mm3

In addition to above as

per award 425 Mm3 as a regulated releases from October to June is available to MS. How ever now the balance

being only 370 Mm3 the additional water is not available. In stead as

738Mm3




Sr. no.



1 2 3 4 per comunication from

MP 416 Mm3 is only

available there fore additional water for use

of state is 416 Mm3.

Therefore final water available for MS 416 Mm3

Yield within the State 322 Mm3

Total water available for use of Maharashtra 738 Mm3

iv. Pench Sub basin -

Total yield from origin to the confluence

with Kanhan river is 1285 Mm3. As per

aggreement between Madhya Pradesh and

Maharashtra dated 18/12/1968 the

share of Maharashtra beyond 2000 is

limited to 985 Mm3.

(25+5) x 28.315+135.5)=984.95

Mm3

985 Mm3

2. Lower Chulband dam site on the

Chulband river near village Bonde.

3. Lower Kathani dam site on the

Kathani river near village Rajoli. 4. Bhimkund dam site on the Pohar

river near village Kakry. 5. Karwappa project dam site on

Karwappa nala near village Nakkaponli. 6. Gardi project dam site on the Gardi

nala near village Chandgaon Khurd. 7. Nimghat dam site on the Nimghat

Dhoda nala near village Mendki. 8. Itiadoh dam on the Garvi river near

village Gothangaon. 9. Satti project site on the Satti river

near village palasgad.

v. Wainganga sub basin-

75 % dependable yield upto the following

dam site is worked out 1. Gosikhurd dam (sr. no. 1)

2. lower Chulband dam (sr. no. 2)

3. Lower Kathni (sr. no. 3)

4. Bhimkund dam (sr. no. 4)

5. Karwappa dam (sr. no. 5)

6. Gardi dam (sr. no. 6)

7. Buti nala dam (sr. no. 17)

8. Nimghat dam (sr. no. 7)

The 75 % dependable yeild of above

dams in the Wainganga sub basin is 3014

Mm3.

3014 Mm3

425 Mm3




Sr. no.



1 2 3 4

In addition to above as per award 425 Mm3 as a regulated releases from October to June is available to MS from MP.

10. Lower Tultuli dam site on the

Khobragadi river near village Tultuli.

11. Dina dam on the Dina river near

village Regree. 12. Asolamendha dam on the Pathri

river near village Asolamendha. 13. Naleshwer dam on the Upsa nala

near village Naleshwer.

vi. Andhari sub basin -

The 75% dependable yield upto following

dam site is worked out 1. Asolamendha (sr. no. 12)

2. Naleshwar (sr. no. 13)

3. Ghorjhari (sr. no. 14)

4. Andhari (sr. no. 15)

5. Human (sr. no. 16)

The 75 % dependable yeild of above

dams in the Andhari sub basin is 464 Mm3

764 Mm3

14. Ghorajhari dam on the Bokardo

nala near village Ghorajhari.

15. Andhari dam site on the Andhari

river near village Pahame.

vii Gadhvi sub basin-

The 75% dependable yield upto Itiadoh

dam site (sr. no. 8) is worked out.

357 Mm3

16. Human nala dam site on the

Human nala near village Chirkhada.

17. Buti nala dam site on the Buti

nala river near village Panoti.

viii. Khobragadi sub basin- The 75% dependable yield upto Satti &

Tultuli dam site (sr. no. 9,10 ) is worked

out.

414 Mm3

ix. Pranhita sub basin- The 75% dependable yield upto Dina dam

site (sr. no. 11) is worked out.

80 Mm3

In addition to the use of all the water of the river Wainganga and /or its tributories upto

the points as specified in colume no. 2 the

State of Maharashtra can use from the waters of the rest of Pranhita sub basin (G-

9) 41 TMC for existing, under

cunstruction and proposed schemes /

projects using annually not more than 1.5 TMC indivudually.

1161 Mm3

vi. Bagh sub basin- 1.As per agreement entered on 8 March

784 Mm3




Sr. no.



1 2 3 4

1964 with MP the 3/4th share of 10.1

TMC worked out as 214 Mm3 and

2. 75 % dependable yield below

Pujaritola dam in Maharashtra = 569 Mm3 The total allocation is 784 Mm3

The state of Maharashtra can use upto

1 TMC for existing under construction

and proposed schemes / projects in Lower Godavari sub basin.

The Lower Godavari sub basin i.e. G-10 is coverd in Pranhita sub basin as such for

Pranhita sub basin additional 1 TMC

(28.31 Mm3) water is availble for use as

par Tribunal Award

28 Mm3

Total Water available for use in G-9 &

G10 sub basins.

9226 Mm3

ii) Indrawati sub basin : sub basin (G-11) As per Godavari water disputes Tribunal Award we can use the water as follows:

The state of Maharashtra can use 34 TMC for its existing, under construction and proposed project/ projects upstream of Bhopalpatnam I Hydro- electric Project. This covers the share of evaporation losses of Maharashtrra at the Bhopalpatnam I Hydro- electric project. The State of Maharashtra can use an additional quantum of 7 TMC downstreem of the Bhopalpatnam I Hydro - electric Project for its existing, under construction and proposed projects/schemes each using not more than 1.5 TMC annualy. Total 41 TMC (1160.71 Mm3) of water is available for use. The sub basin wise water balance is worked out for the present situation and for 2030 as follows:

The integrated status of present and by 2030 of Water Balance of Godavari in Wainganga is persented in table 10.12 & 10.13.




Table No. 10.12 - Godavari in Wainganga - Picture of Integrated Water Balance: Present Status



Tribunal Award

Recycled water from

domestic &

industrial use

Import Total water

(3+4+5+6)

Dome-stic

Indu-strial

Irriga-tion


+ 12) Intra basin

Inter basin

Intra basin

Inter basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Andhari 961 0 1 0 962 20 0.11 544 20 0 584 378

2 Nag 232 0 202 0 434 174 44 53 3 0 274 160

3 Kolar 245 0 45 0 290 14 44 113 0.49 0 171 119

4 Kanhan 738 0 607 0 1345 16 46 716 40 0 818 527

5 Pench 985 0 0 0 985 4 1 100 1011 0 1116 -131

6 Wainganga 4111 0 468 0 4579 25 257 3403 7 0 3692 887

7 Bagh 784 0 6 0 790 22 0.37 555 4 0 581 209

8 Gadhavi 398 0 0 0 398 10 0 261 172 0 443 -45

9 Khobragadi 444 0 0 0 444 4 0 184 0 0 188 256

10 Pranhita 328 0 0 0 328 4 0 99 73 0 176 152

11 Indravati 1161 0 0 0 1161 1 0 14 0 0 15 1146

Godavari in Wainganga basin

10387 0 1329 0 11716 294 392 6042 1330 0 8058 3658

Ref. For Sr.No. 1 : Annex 1, Table 21, Sr.No. 2 : Annex 1 Table 22, Sr. No. 3 : Annex 1 Table 23, Sr. No. 4 : Annex 1 Table 24, Sr.No. 5 : Annex 1 Table 25, Sr.No. 6 : Annex 1, Table 26, Sr.No. 7 : Annex 1 Table 27, Sr. No. 8 : Annex 1 Table 28, Sr. No. 9 : Annex 1 Table 29, Sr.No. 10 : Annex 1 Table 30, Sr.No. 11 : Annex 1 Table 31




Table No. 10.13 - Godavari in Wainganga - Picture of Integrated Water Balance : Status By 2030

S.N. Sub basin Status By 2030 (Mm 3)


Tribunal Award

Recycled water from domestic & industrial use

Import Total water (3+4+5+6)

Dome-stic

Indu-strial

Irriga-tion

Export (-) Total (8+9+10+11 + 12) Intra

basin Inter basin

Intra basin

Inter basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 Andhari 961 16 231 0 1208 35 2 771 20 0 828 380

2 Nag 232 554 700 0 1486 695 6 53 53 0 807 679

3 Kolar 245 47 164 0 456 25 46 214 0.48 0 285 171

4 Kanhan 738 98 648 0 1484 24 106 716 631 0 1477 7

5 Pench 985 6 0 0 991 9 4 100 1063 0 1176 -185

6 Wainganga 4111 488 559 0 5158 120 577 3494 254 0 4445 713

7 Bagh 784 14 11 0 809 54 7 555 4 0 620 189

8 Gadhavi 398 2 0 0 400 24 0 261 172 0 457 -57

9 Khobragadi 444 2 0 0 446 12 0 184 91 0 287 159

10 Pranhita 328 2 0 0 330 15 0 98 73 0 186 144

11 Indravati 1161 3 0 0 1164 4 2 14 0 0 20 1144

Godavari in Wainganga basin

10387 1232 2313 0 13932 1017 750 6460 2361 0 10588 3344

Ref. For Sr.No. 1 : Annex 1, Table 21, Sr.No. 2 : Annex 1 Table 22, Sr. No. 3 : Annex 1 Table 23, Sr. No. 4 : Annex 1 Table 24, Sr.No. 5 : Annex 1 Table 25, Sr.No. 6 : Annex 1, Table 26, Sr.No. 7 : Annex 1 Table 27, Sr. No. 8 : Annex 1 Table 28, Sr. No. 9 : Annex 1 Table 29, Sr.No. 10 : Annex 1 Table 30, Sr.No. 11 : Annex 1 Table 31

Recommondation : In the sub basins of Godavari in Wardha and Godavari in Wainganga regions, there is a scope for development of irrigation potential. The share of water awarded by the Tribunal is to be utilized fully. Focused efforts need to be made to get the clearances of forest and environment. In the mean time efforts be made to utilize the water in the rivers through small lifts by creating storages within the river banks through series of weirs/barrages.




Table 10.14 : Integrated Picture of Water Balance of Present Status of Godavari Basin

S.N. Part of Godavari

Basin

Present Status (Mm 3)


Tribunal Award

Recycled water from domestic

& industrial

use

Import Total water

(3+4+5+6)

Dome-stic

Indu-strial

Irriga-tion


+ 12) Intra basin

Inter basin

Intra basin

Inter basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Godavari basin upto Paithan dam

5837 0 0 0 5837 315 146 4042 2072 47 6622 -785

2 Middle Godavari Basin

4896 0 3751 1 8648 362 74 7666 1042 1 9145 -497

3 Godavari in Wardha Basin

7903 0 325 0 8228 302 257 5962 962 194 7677 551

4 Godavari in Wainganga basin

10387 0 1329 0 11716 294 392 6042 1330 0 8058 3658

Total Godavari Basin

29023 0 5405 1 34429 1273 869 23712 5406 242 31502 2927




Table 10.15 : Integrated Picture of Water Balance of Status By 2030 of Godavari Basin

S.N. Part of Godavari

Basin

Status By 2030 (Mm 3)

Available Water Water use Balance Water (7-13)

As per Tribunal Award

Recycled water from

domestic &

industrial use

Import Total water

(3+4+5+6)

Dome-stic

Indu-strial

Irriga-tion


+ 12) Intra basin

Inter basin

Intra basin

Inter basin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Godavari basin upto Paithan dam

5837 436 0 555 6828 666 254 4042 2085 102 7149 -321

2 Middle Godavari Basin

4896 493 3822 7 9218 894 272 7708 1104 3 9981 -763

3 Godavari in Wardha Basin

7903 848 604 0 9355 642 753 6141 1188 194 8918 437

4 Godavari in Wainganga basin

10387 1232 2313 0 13932 1017 750 6460 2361 0 10588 3344

Total Godavari Basin

29023 3009 6739 562 39333 3219 2029 24351 6738 299 36636 2697




10.1.7 Water in balance in the sub basin and conclusions for implementation

Table 10-13: Water in balance in the sub basin and conclusions for implementation

Sr.no Sub basin (Ref.

Table)

Water in balance (Mm3)

Scope for development at present

Scope for development by 2030 Remarks

Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Upper Godavari* (Annex-I, Table 1)

-656 -242 No scope for further development

No scope for further development The planned use of water so also the actual use on ground is in excess of available yield in the sub basin.

2 Pravara* (Annex-I, Table 2)


No scope for further development The planned use of water so also the actual use on ground is in excess of available yield in the sub basin.

3 Mula* (Annex-I, Table 3)


No scope for further development

The planned use of water so also the actual use on ground is in excess of available yield in the sub-basin.

4 Middle Godavari (Annex-I, Table 5)

379 356 There is scope for development.

There is scope for development.

There is scope to take additional storage projects without affecting the yield of existing ones, subject to economic viability. The Government of Maharashtra has already accorded sanction for utilization of 510 Mm3 (18 TMC) of water to take up new schemes. About 507 Mm3 of water is available below Majalgaon dam on river Sindhphana and below Loni Savangi barrange up to State border on river Godavari (vide detailed statememt enclosed at Annexure -II)

5 Lendi* (Annex-I, Table 11 )

-74 -104 No scope for further development subject to the proviso indicated in the remarks column.

No scope for further development subject to the proviso indicated in the remarks column.

Though the planned water use based on the sanctined projects (by Government) appears in excess , the annual water use falls short than the water allocated by the GWDT on account of following ; The annual available yield is less than the planned one. The average annual inflow works out





Table)




Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

to be around 89% or so. The projects sanctioned with 50% dependable yield have not been related to 75% dependable yield for water accounting purpose. In view of above there is scope to take additional storage projects without affecting the yield of existing ones, subject to economic viability. About 21 Mm3 of water is available below Lendi project on river Lendi (vide detailed statememt enclosed at Annexure -II).

6 Manar* (Annex-I, Table 12)


No scope for further development .

7 Dudhna* (Annex-I, Table 6)

-95 -118 No scope for further development subject to the provisio indicated in the remarks column.


Though the planned water use based on the sanctined projects (by Government) appears in excess , the annual water use falls short than the water allocated by the GWDT on account of following ; The annual available yield is less than the planned one. The average annual inflow works out to be around 76% or so. The projects sanctioned with 50% dependable yield have not been related to 75% dependable yield for water accounting purpose. In view of above there is scope to take additional storage projects without affecting the yield of existing ones, subject to economic viability. About 51 Mm3 water is available below lower Dudhana project site on river Dudhana (vide detailed





Table)




Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

statement enclosed at Annexure -II). 8 Purna*

(Annex-I, Table 7)



Though the planned water use based on the sanctined projects (by Government) appears in excess , the annual water use falls short than the water allocated by the GWDT on account of following ; The annual available yield is less than the planned one. The average annual inflow works out to be around 64% or so. The projects sanctioned with 50% dependable yield have not been related to 75% dependable yield for water accounting purpose. In view of above there is scope to take additional storage projects with out affecting the yield of existing ones, subject to economic viability. About 124 Mm3 of water is available below Sidheshwar dam site on river Purna (vide detailed statement enclosed at Annexure- II)

9 Sudha (Annex-I, Table 8.1)

13 13 There is scope for development

.There is scope for development. Considering total yield and total sanctioned water utilization, 16 Mm3 water is available for future projects in the sub basin.

10 Terna* (Annex-I, Table 10)


No scope for further development. Though the planned water use based on the sanctined projects (by Government) appears in excess, the annual water use falls short than the water allocated by the GWDT on account of following ; The annual available yield is less than the planned one. The average annual inflow works out to be around 67% or so.





Table)




Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

The projects sanctioned with 50% dependable yield have not been related to 75% dependable yield for water accounting purpose. Water is not available for taking projects in the sub basin. (vide detailed statement is enclosed at Annexure III).

11 Manjra* (Annex-I, Table 9)



Though the planned water use based on the sanctined projects (by Government) appears in excess , the annual water use falls short than the water allocated by the GWDT on account of following ; The annual available yield is less than the planned one. The average annual inflow works out to be around 70% or so. The projects sanctioned with 50% dependable yield have not been related to 75% dependable yield for water accounting purpose. In view of above there is scope to take additional storage projects with out affecting the yield of existing ones, subject to economic viability. About 29 mm3 of water is avaialble below Manjra dam (Dhanegaon) site on river Manjara (vide detailed statement enclosed at Annexure III).

12 Swarna (Annex-I, Table 8.2)

7 3 There is scope for development There is scope for development Considering total yield and total sanctioned water utilization, 9.89 Mm3 wateris available for future projects in the sub basin.

13 Penganga – Including Kayadhu,

- 785 -841 The planning (made with respect to 75% dependable yield) appears to be in excess.

The planning (made with respect to 75% dependable yield) appears to be in excess. The water

There is no scope on upstream side of Upper Penganga Project.The water planning on downstream side





Table)




Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Pus & Arunavati* (Annex-I, Table 14)

The water planning can be reviewed with respect to average dependable yield (meaning of all waters)

planning can be reviewed with respect to average dependable yield (meaning of all waters)

of Upper Penganga Project may be reviewed to accommodate small uses. Without considering agreement between Maharashtra & Andhra Pradesh regarding use of water upto Lower Penganga project, the water available for development is as follows : At Present : 1296 Mm3 By 2030 : 1239 Mm3 Raising height of Isapur dam may also be studied to increase success rate of Upper Penganga project.

14 Kayadhu (Annex-I, Table 13)

134 -61 The proposed exports/ reservations of water to upper and lower Penganga projects have put limits on use of Kayadhu water on the development of Kayadhu sub-basin. This aspect needs to be reviewed.

The proposed exports/ reservations of water to upper and lower Penganga projects have put limits on use of Kayadhu water on the development of Kayadhu sub-basin. This aspect needs to be reviewed.

Considering total yield in the sub basin and sanctioned utilization from projects constructed, 85 Mm3 of water is still available for future projects. Study of various alternatives may be made to utilize water allocated for Sapli dam in the command area of Upper Penganga project.

15 Pus (Annex-I, Table 15)

-2 2 There is scope for development There is scope for development

16 Arunavati (Annex-I, Table 16)

-143 -180 The proposed reservations for lower Penganga project may be reviewed and additional water use for irrigation etc may be thought of.

The proposed reservations for lower Penganga project may be reviewed and additional water use for irrigation etc may be thought of.

17 Bembla* (Annex-I, Table 17)


No scope for further development

18 Wardha (Annex-I, Table 18)

1091 883 There is scope for development below Tulana gauging site on river Wardha. Concerted efforts shall be made

About 390 Mm3 of water will be available through regeneration (recycling). No project for irrigation development be proposed on the





Table)




Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhile, the water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs/ run-off the river schemes.

basis of this water. The recycled water may primarily be planned to be used for non irrigation purpose.

19 Venna (Annex-I, Table 19)

418 442 There is scope for development below Wadgaon dam site on river Venna.

About 122 Mm3 of water will be available through regeneration (recycling). No project for irrigation development be proposed on the basis of this water. There is scope for further development (366-122=244Mm3) below Wadgaon dam site on river Venna.

20 Erai (Annex-I, Table 20)

10 138 There is scope for development Almost the entire quantity i.e 138 Mm3 is regenerated water. There is an opportunity to utilize this quantum for the development (including expansion etc.) of Chandrapur super thermal power station.

21 Andhari (Annex-I, Table 21)

378 380 There is scope for development Concerted efforts shall be made to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhile the water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs/ run-off the river

There is an import of about 231Mm3 (219 Mm3 from Wainganga and 12 Mm3 from Venna) for irrigation and same has been planned to be utilized by 2030. About 317 Mm3 (of which 16 Mm3 is recycled) of water is in balance and hence there is scope of development even beyond 2030. Concerted efforts shall be made





Table)




Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

schemes. to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhile the water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs/ run-off the river schemes.

19 Nag (Annex-I, Table 22)

160 679 The scope for development is very limited on account of intense urbanization all around including the city of Nagpur. Almost all the yield goes to Gosikhurd reservoir via River Kanhan. A total of about 203 Mm3 of water (163 Mm3 from Pench and 40Mm3 from Kanhan) is imported for non irrigation (169Mm3) and irrigation (34 Mm3).The regenerated component of this is reflected in 2030. Proposed import of about 525Mm3(458 Mm3+67Mm3) of water from Kanhan sub basin ( 458 Mm3 from Kanhan and 67Mm3 from Pench) has not been reflected here. The balance water may be released into Gosikhurd reservoir for intra/inter basin transfer etc.

A total of 666Mm3 of imported water (190Mm3 from Pench + 471 Mm3 from Kanhan will be utilized for non irrigation (666Mm3). The yield of Nag (232Mm3) is released directly in Goshikhurd Reservoir via Kanhan. The regenerated component from non irrigation available for use in Nag sub basin will be around 554Mm3.This is to be used primarily for industrial development in and around the sub basin.No project is proposed to be developed for irrigation on the basis of this water. The balance water may be released into Gosikhurd reservoir for intra/inter basin transfer etc.

22 Kolar (Annex-I, Table 23)

119 171 There is scope for development The balance water maybe released into Gosikhurd reservoir for intra/inter basin transfer etc.

The balance water may be released into Gosikhurd reservoir for intra/inter basin transfer etc.

23 Kanhan 527 7 There is scope for further There is no scope for further





Table)




Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

(Annex-I, Table 24)

development. development.

24 Pench (Annex-I, Table 25)

-131 -185 Total yield origine to confluence with Kanhan river is 1285 Mm3. As per agreement between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra dated 18/12/1968 share of Maharashtra beyond 2000 is limited to 985 Mm3. There is no scope for development.

There is no scope for development.

The planned use of water is in excess of available yield in the sub basin. The dependability will get reduced.

25 Wainganga (Annex-I, Table 26)

887 713 Concerted efforts shall be made to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhile, the water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs/ run-off the river schemes.

There is scope for further development. Concerted efforts shall be made to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhile, the water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs / run-off the river schemes.

26 Bagh (Annex-I, Table 27)

209 189 There is scope for further development. Concerted efforts shall be made to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhile, the water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs/ run-off the river schemes. The balance water maybe released into Gosikhurd

The water in balance is 212 mm3. Out of this 14 mm3 is recycled one. Concerted efforts shall be made to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhile, the water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs / run-off the river schemes. The recycled water maybe planned to be used for industrial development alone.





Table)




Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

reservoir for intra/inter basin transfer etc.

The balance water maybe released into Gosikhurd reservoir for intra/inter basin transfer etc.

27 Gadhavi (Annex-I, Table 28)

-45 -57 No scope for further development.

No scope for further development. The planned water use based on the sanctined projects (by Government) appears in excess. This results into reduction in dependable yield. The planned irrigation potential can be restored by switching over to modern irrigation methods.

28 Khobragadi (Annex-I, Table 29)

256 159 There is scope for development. Concerted efforts shall be made to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhilethe water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs/ run-off the river schemes.

There is scope for development. Concerted efforts shall be made to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhilethe water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs/ run-off the river schemes. The water in balance is 160 mm3. Out of this 1.78 mm3 is recycled one.

29 Pranhita (Annex-I, Table 30)

152 144 About 700 Mm3 of water has been planned to be diverted in Pranhita from Indravati sub basin for generation of hydroelectric power. In addition, there is a proposal to lift about 20 Mm3 of water from Indravati for irrigation in Pranhita. The water utilization on these two schemes has not been shown here. Concerted efforts shall be made to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest.

Water is proposed to be imported from Indravati sub basin for Hydro electric project. Minor irrigation projects have been proposed by the Agency. The water use may be planned for irrigation through lifts by creating storages with Barrages/ weirs. Concerted efforts shall be made to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhile, the water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by





Table)




Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Meanwhile, the water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs/ run-off the river schemes.

means of Barrages/ weirs/ run-off the river schemes. The water in balance is 145 mm3 and out of this about 2 mm3 is recycled one.

30 Indravati (Annex-I, Table 31)

1146 1143 There is a plan to divert about 720 Mm3 of water (700 mm3 for hydropower and 20 Mm3 for irrigation) from indravati to Pranhita sub basin. This utilization has not been reflected here. Concerted efforts shall be made to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhilethe water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs/ run-off the river schemes.

There is ample scope for development. Concerted efforts shall be made to obtain forest and environmental clearances at the earliest. Meanwhilethe water may be utilized for irrigation etc by lifting the water from the storages created within the river banks by means of Barrages/ weirs/ run-off the river schemes. The water in balance is 1150 mm3 and out of this a meagre quantity is recycled one.




10.1.8 Annex- I: Sub basin wise Water Balance

Table -1 Water Balance of Sub basin –Upper Godavari

Sr. Availability Ref Planning Sr. Use Ref Planning

N Table Mm3 Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Mm3 Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use

a Natural water available 10.1 4,112 4,112 1.1 Domestic use Annex Table -32

a. Urban 159.61 271.17

b GWDTA allocation2 All waters 10.1 4,112 4,112 b. Rural+Live stock 111.78 310.21

Sub-total: (a+b) 271.39 581.38

2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use Annex Table -32 132.00 233.00

a. Regeneration 0 216.94 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2)

403.39 814.38

(urban use)

b. Regenaration 0 186.40 2 Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export)

8.6 & 8.7 2,083 2,096

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

367 800.45 3 Sub-total:1+2 2,487 2,910

4 Irrigation use Annex Table -33

4.1 Major & Medium 1982.19 1982.19

State+Local 310.72 310.72





N Table Mm3 Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Mm3 Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

From Import 355 355

Total 2647.90 2647.90

5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others

Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 2647.90 2647.90

5 Total Use(3+4) 5134.90 5557.90

Balance water for irrigation

-656 -242


Notes

1 The negative balance water available for irrigation shows more storages created then potential

2 The existing import of water Present

i from Mula Sub basin for Irrigation 215

ii from Mula Sub basin for Drinking 5

iii from Pravara Sub basin for Irrigation (Bhandardara & Bhojapur Project 140

iv from Pravara Sub basin for Drinking(Bhojapur Project & Pravara 7

Total 367

3 The existing export of water

i Manmad-Tapi for Manmad WSS & Railway from Palkheda project for Drinking 11

ii To Middle Godawari for Irrigation from Jayakwadi project 2027.51

iii To Dudhana Sub Basin for drinking purpose from Jaykwadi Project 12.65

iv To Dudhana Sub Basin for industrial purpose from Jaykwadi Project 32.07

2083.23

4 The future import of water Future

i The present import of water 367




ii There is additional expected import of from diversion of west flowing rivers.




Amboli Weluje in Daman ganga sub basin(by gravity) 1.45

Diversion from Waitarna and Alwandi reservoirs to Mukne reseroir (by gravity) 184

800.453


i Manmad-Tapi for Manmad WSS & Railway from Palkheda project for Drinking 11

ii To Middle Godawari for Irrigation from Jayakwadi project 2027.51

iii To Dudhana Sub Basin for drinking purpose from Jaykwadi Project 25.25

iv To Dudhana Sub Basin for industrial purpose from Jaykwadi Project 32.07

2095.83




Table -2 Water balance of sub-basin - Pravara


Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 10.1 876 876 1.1 Domestic use Annex Table -32 a. Urban 7.73 13.29 b GWDTA allocation2

All waters 10.1 876 876 b. Rural+Livestock 21.98 39.58

Sub-total: (a+b) 29.71 52.87 2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use Annex Table -32 11.00 18.00 a. Regeneration 0 10.63 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 40.71 70.87

(urban use) b. Regenaration 0 14.40 2 Interbasin/sub-basin

transfer (export) & 8.6 & 8.7 147 147

(indu.use ) Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 25.03 Water for

environment 0 0

3 Interbasin/ sub-basin transfer (import) P

8.6 & 8.7 173 204 3 Sub-total:1+2 188 218

4 Water received through river


4.1 Major & Medium 830.89 830.89 State+Local 115.65 115.65 From Import 173.00 204 Total 1119.54 1150.54 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 1119.54 1150.54 5 Total Use(3+4) 1307.54 1368.54 Balance water for

irrigation -259 -264





Notes



i from Mula Sub basin for irrigation 173

Total 173


i from Pravara (Bhojapur & Bhandardara )for Irrigation 140

ii from Pravara Bhojapur & Pravara Drinking 7

147


i The present import of water 173

ii from proposed diversion schemes of west flowing river( Hiwra & Samrad) for irrigation 31.33

204.33

5 The future export of water 147




Table: - 3 Water balance of sub-basin - Mula


Present 2030 Present 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 10.1 785 785 1.1 Domestic use Annex Table -32 a. Urban 3.39 5.99 b GWDTA allocation2

All waters 10.1 785 785 b. Rural+Livestock 10.09 25.34

Sub-total: (a+b) 13.48 31.33 2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use Annex Table -32 3.00 3.00 a. Regeneration 0 4.79 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 16.48 34.33


transfer (export) & 8.6 & 8.7 429 484

(indu.use ) Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 7.19 Water for environment 0 0 3 Interbasin/ sub-basin

transfer (import) 8.6 & 8.7 0 90 3 Sub-total:1+2 445.48 518



4.1 Major & Medium 676.07 676.07 State+Local 127.26 127.26 From Import 0.00 0.00 Total 803.33 803.33 5 Recharge -from irrigation 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 803.33 803.33 5 Total Use (3+4) 1248.81 1321.33 Balance water for irrigation -464 -439 Total (1+2+3+4+5) 785 882 Grand Total 785 882




Note :



Total 0


i Water is exported to Ahmadnagar for city water supply and for MIDC..Ahmadnagar city is in Krishna basin. This is inter basin export. 36

ii Intra basin export is made from Mula dam to Pravara sub basin for irrigation 173

Intra basin export is made from Mula dam to Upper Godavari sub basin for irrigation 220

429


i Inter basin import from west flowing rivers

ii Tolar Khind 19.48

Khireshwar 40.01

Sadada Ghat 11.13

Palhar Ghat 7.67

Ghatghar (Kokan) 11.5

89.79

5 The future export of water

1 Water is exported to Ahmadnagar city water supply and Ahmadnagar MIDC. Ahmadnagar city is in Krishna basin 91

2 Intra basin export is made from Mula dam for irrigation to Pravara sub basin 173

3 Intra basin export is made from Mula dam forirrigation to Upper Godavari sub basin 220

Total 484




Table: - 4: Integrated water balance of Godavari Basin upto Paithan Dam


No Table Mm3 Mm3 No. Table Mm3 Mm3

Present 2030 Present 2030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


a Natural water available 10.1 5837 5,837 1.1 Domestic use Annex Table -32

a. Urban 170.73 290.45

b GWDTA allocation2

All waters 10.1 5,837 5,837 b. Rural+Livestock 143.85 375.13

Sub-total: (a+b) 314.58 665.58


a. Regeneration 0 232.36 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 460.58 919.58

(urban use)

b. Regenaration 0 203.20 2 Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export) &

8.6 & 8.7 2,119.23 2,187

(indu.use )

Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 435.56 Water for environment 0 0


8.6 & 8.7

0 554.57 3 Sub-total:1+2 2,579.81 3,106.58



4.1 Major & Medium 3489 3489

State+Local 553 553 From Import 0 0 Total 4042 4042







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

5 Recharge -from irrigation

0 0 4.2 Irri.from others

Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 4042 4042 5 Total Use (3+4)

6621.81 7148.58


-785 -321

Total (1+2+3+4+5) 5,837 6,827.13 Grand Total 5,837 6,827




Note :

The existing export of water

Inter basin transfer

1 Manmad-Tapi for Manmad WSS & Railway from Palkheda project for Drinking 11

Water is exported to Ahmadnagar for city water supply and for MIDC..Ahmadnagar city is in Krishna basin. This is inter basin export. 36

47

Intra basin export




2072.23

Total export 2,119.23


5 Manmad-Tapi for Manmad WSS & Railway from Palkheda project for Drinking 11

Water is exported to Ahmadnagar for city water supply and for MIDC..Ahmadnagar city is in Krishna basin. This is inter basin export. 91

Total 102

Inter basin export




2186.83

The future import of water Future

9 The expected import of from diversion of west flowing rivers.




Amboli Weluje in Daman ganga sub basin(by gravity) 1.45

Diversion from Waitarna and Alwandi reservoirs to Mukne reseroir (by gravity) 184

Proposed diversion schemes of west flowing river( Hiwra & Samrad) for irrigation 31.33

Proposed diversion schemes of West flowing rivers in Mula Sub basin 89.79

554.573




Water utilization upto Jayakwadi Dam :

Sr.No. Sub basin Water use (Mm3) 1 Upper Godavari 5507 2 Pravara 949 3 Mula 884 Total 7340 Deduct for utilization of

Jayakwadi project 3063

Upstream utilization at Jayakwadi Project

4277 151 TMC




Table : – 5 Water balance of sub-basin - Middle Godavari




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


A Natural water available 10.1 2,720 2,720 1.1 Domestic use Annex Table -32

a. Urban 67.00 114.21

b GWDTA allocation2 10.1 1,826 1,826 b. Rural+Livestock 30.37 120.17

Sub-total: (a+b) 97.37 234.38


a. Regeneration

0 91.37 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 163.01 429.02

(urban use)

b. Regenaration

0 155.54 2 Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export) &

8.6 & 8.7 425 431

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

3277.05 3321.32 3 Sub-total:1+2 588 860



4.1 Major and Medium 841.708 841.708

State+Local 450.381 450.381

From Import 2843.51 2885.59

Total 4135.60 4177.68







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 4135.60 4177.68

5 Total Use (3+ 4) 4723.60 5037.68


379.40 356.32





Notes :

Present

1 Intra basin export to Purna sub basin from paithan dam for irrigation 405 Mm3

2 Intra basin export to Dudhana sub basin from Zari dam for water supply to Manwat town 20 Mm3

425 Mm3

3 Intra basin import from Paithan dam for irrigation from Upper Godavari sub basin irrigation 2027.51Mm3

4 Intra basin import from Siddheshwar dam for irrigation from Purna sub basin 434 Mm3

5 Intra basin import from Siddheshwar dam for drinking purpose from Purna sub basin 27 Mm3

6 Intra basin import from Manar dam for irrigation from Manar sub basin 132 Mm3

7 Intra basin import from Manar sub basin for drinking purpose 1.35 Mm3

8 Import from Siddheshwar dam (Purna sub basin) for industrialsue 0.19 Mm3

9 Intra basin import from Upper Penganga Project for irrigation from Penganga sub basin 655 Mm3

3277.05 Mm3

Future

10 Intra basin export to Purna sub basin the water received from paithan dam by canal for irrigation 405 Mm3

11 Intra basin export to Dudhana sub basin from Zari dam for water supply to Manwat town 26 Mm3

Total 431 Mm3

12 Intra basin import from Paithan dam for irrigation from Upper Godavari sub basin is 2027.51 Mm3

13 Intra basin import from Siddheshwar dam for irrigation from Purna sub basin 434.00 Mm3

14 Intra basin import from Siddheshwar dam for drinking purpose from Purna sub basin 27.00 Mm3

15 Intra basin import from Manar dam for irrigation from Manar sub basin 174.00 Mm3

16 Intra basin import from Manar sub basin for drinking purpose from upper manar project 3.62 Mm3

17 Intra basin import from Upper Penganga Project for irrigation from Penganga sub basin 655 Mm3

18 Import from Siddheshwar dam (Purna sub basin) for industrialsue 0.19 Mm3

Total 3321.32 Mm3




Table: – 6 Water balance of sub-basin - Dudhna




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


a Natural water available

10.1 395 395 1.1 Domestic use Annex Table -32

a. Urban 15.63 30.14

b GWDTA allocation2 10.1 368 368 b. Rural+Livestock 8.44 58.77

Sub-total: (a+b) 24.07 88.91


a. Regeneration

0 24.11 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 29.57 120.98

(urban use)

b. Regenaration

0 25.66 2 Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export) &

8.6 & 8.7 0 0

(indu.use )



8.6 & 8.7 65 83 3 Sub-total:1+2 29.57 120.98



4.1 Major & Medium 311.12 311.12

State+Local 187.377 187.377

From Import 0.00 0







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 498.497 498.497



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 498.497 498.497

5 Total Use (3+4) 528.067 619.477


- 95.067 -118.477

Total (1+2+3+4+5) 433 501 Grand Total 433 501

Notes : Present

1 Intra basin import from zari dam in Middle Godavari sub basin for water supply to Manwat town 20.00 Mm3

2 Intra basin import from Paithan dam in Upper Godavari sub basin for water supply to Jalna town 12.65 Mm3

3 Intra basin import from Paithan dam in Upper Godavari sub basin for water supply to Industries 32.07 Mm3

64.72 Mm3

Future

1 Intra basin import from zari dam in Middle Godavari sub basin for water supply to Manwat town 26.00 Mm3

2 Intra basin import from Paithan dam in Upper Godavari sub basin for water supply to Jalna town 25.25 Mm3

3 Intra basin import from Paithan dam in Upper Godavari sub basin for i) water supply to industries 32.07 Mm3

Total 83.32 Mm3




Table – 7 Water balance of sub-basin - Purna




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



10.1 1,829 1,829 1.1 Domestic use Annex Table -32

a. Urban 47.25 79.88


Sub-total: (a+b) 98.01 215.34



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 480 485

(indu.use )

Sub-total:- (a+b) 0.00 67.87 Water for environment 0 0


8.6 & 8.7 406 407 3 Sub-total:1+2 578 705.31



4.1 Major & Medium 776.52 776.52


From Import 405 405







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 1404.36 1404.36



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 1404.36 1404.36

5 Total Use (3+4) 1982.36 2109.67


-238.36 -296.80

Total (1+2+3+4+5) 1,744 1,812.87 Grand Total 1,744 1,812.87




Notes : Import

Present

1 Intra basin import from Paithan dam for irrigation from Middle Godavari sub basin 405.00 Mm3

2 Intra basin import from Penganga sub basin for water supply for domestic use to lonar town 1.01 Mm3

Total 406.01 Mm3

Future

1 Intra basin import from Paithan dam for irrigation from Middle Godavari sub basin 405.00 Mm3

2 Intra basin import from Penganga sub basin for water supply for domestic use to lonar town 2.13 Mm3

Total 407.13 Mm3

Note : Export Present

1 Intra basin export to Penganga sub basin for irrigation from Khadakpurna project 15.00 Mm3

2 Intra basin export to Middle Godavari sub basin for irrigation from Siddheshwar dam 434.00 Mm3

3 Intra basin export to Middle Godavari sub basin for water supply for domestic use 27.00 Mm3

4 Intra basin export to Middle Godavari sub basin for water supply for industrial use from Siddheshwar dam 0.19 Mm3

5 Intra basin export to Kayadhu sub basin for domestic water use from Siddheshwar dam 3.48 Mm3

Total

479.62 Mm3

Future

1 Intra basin export to Penganga sub basin for irrigation from Khadakpurna project 15.00 Mm3

2 Intra basin export to Middle Godavari sub basin for irrigation from Siddheshwar dam 434.00 Mm3

3 Intra basin export to Middle Godavari sub basin for water supply for domestic use 27.00 Mm3

4 Intra basin export to Middle Godavari sub basin for water supply for industrial use from Siddheshwar dam 0.19 Mm3

5 Intra basin export to Kayadhu sub basin for domestic water use from Siddheshwar dam 6.76 Mm3

5 Intra basin export to Kayadhu sub basin for industrial use from Siddheshwar dam 2.55Mm3

485.45Mm3




Table: - 8.1 Water balance of sub-basin - Sudha




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


a Natural water available 10.1 95 95 1.1 Domestic use Annex Table -32

a. Urban 1.81 3.68


Sub-total: (a+b) 3.26 6.76



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 0 0

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 3.26 6.76



4.1 Major and Medium 0 0


Total 29.20 29.20







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 29.20 29.20

5 Total Use (3+4) 32.46 35.96


12.54 13.04





Table : - 8.2 Water balance of sub-basin - Swarna


2010 2030 2010 2030 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Natural 1 Non-irrigation use a Natural water available 10.1 76 76 1.1 Domestic use Annex Table -32

a. Urban 0.00 0.00 b GWDTA allocation2 10.1 11 11 b. Rural+Livestock 3.00 7.00

Sub-total: (a+b) 3.00 7.00 2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use Annex Table -32 0.00 0.00

a. Regeneration 0 0.00 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 3.00 7.00 (urban use)

b. Regenaration 0 - 2 Interbasin/sub-basin transfer (export) &

8.6 & 8.7 0 0 (indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 3.00 7



4.1 Major and Medium 0 0 Local 1.43 1 Total 1 1 5 Recharge -from

irrigation * 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others

Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 1 1 5 Total Use (3+4) 4 8


7 3





Table : – 9 Water balance of sub-basin - Manjara

Sr. Availability Ref Planning Sr. Use Ref Planni ng



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 34.95 46.30


Sub-total: (a+b) 65.69 152.30



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 1.00 3.42

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

1.00 2.50 3 Sub-total:1+2 68.69 158.72



4.1 Major & Medium 395.144 395.144

State+Local 264.906 264.906




Sr. Availability Ref Planning Sr. Use Ref Planni ng



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

From Import 0 0

Total 660.05 660.05



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 660.05 660.05

5 Total Use (3+4) 728.74 818.77


-104.74 -143.77






1 Intra basin export from Tavarja and Masalga projects for rural water supply in Terna sub basin 1.03 Mm3

2 Intra basin export from Gharni project for rural water supply in Lendi sub basin 0.13 Mm3

3 Intra basin export from Rena and Sivkheda projects for rural water supply in manar sub basin 0.28 Mm3

Total 1.44 Mm3

Import

4 Intra basin import from Lendi sub basin from Bothi and Aanegaon Projects for rural water supply in the sub basin 1.01 Mm3

Total 1.01 Mm3

Export Future

5 Intra basin export from Tavarja and Masalga projects for rural water supply in Terna sub basin 2.11 Mm3

6 Intra basin export from Gharni project for rural water supply in Lendi sub basin 0.24 Mm3

7 Intra basin export from Rena and Sivkheda projects for rural water supply in manar sub basin 1.07 Mm3

Total 3.42 Mm3

Import

8 Intra basin import from Lendi sub basin from Bothi and Aanegaon Projects for rural water supply in the sub basin 2.5 Mm3

Total 2.5 Mm3




Table: – 10 Water balance of sub-basin - Terna




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 16.03 25.83


Sub-total: (a+b) 28.69 62.78



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 1.00 3.00

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

1.00 9.00 3 Sub-total:1+2 30.04 81.20



4.1 Major & Medium 147.963 147.963

State+Local 164.998 164.998

From Import 0 0







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 312.961 312.961



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 312.961 312.961

5 Total Use (3+4) 343.00 394.161

6 Balance water for irrigation

-116 -126.161



1 Inter basin export from Lower Terna project for water supply to Umarga Town in Krishna basin 1.267 Mm3

Import

2 Intra basin import from Tawarja and Masalga Project for rural water supply from Manjra 1.03 Mm3

Export Future

3 Inter basin export from Lower Terna project for water supply to Umarga Town in Krishna basin 2.74 Mm3

Import

4 Intra basin import from Tawarja and Masalga Project from Manjra sub basin for rural water supply 2.11 Mm3

5 Inter basin import from Ujani Dam in Krishna basin for water supply to Osmanabad town in the sub basin 6.79 Mm3

8.90




Table : – 11 Water balance of sub-basin - Lendi




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 11.37 17.39


Sub-total: (a+b) 21.75 59.92



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 2.75 7.40

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

0.13 0.24 3 Sub-total:1+2 24.50 76.72



4.1 Major & Medium 147.07 147.07


From Import 0 0







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 261.04 261.04



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 261.04 261.04

5 Total Use (3+4) 285.54 337.76


-73.54 -103.76



1 Intra basin export to Manjra sub basin for drinking purpose 1.02 Mm3

2 Intra basin export to Manar sub basin for drinking purpose 1.73Mm3

2.75Mm3

Import

3 Intra basin import from Gharni dam for rural water supply from Manjra sub basin 0.13 Mm3

Export Future

4 Intra basin export to Manjra sub basin for drinking purpose 2.5 Mm3

5 Intra basin export to Manar sub basin for drinking purpose 4.9 Mm3

7.40





Table : – 12 Water balance of sub-basin - Manar




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 7.79 12.41


Sub-total: (a+b) 20.10 67.00



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 133 178

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

2 6 3 Sub-total:1+2 153.10 258



4.1 Major & Medium 135.29 135.29

State+Local 228.524 228.524

From Import

Total 363.814 363.814









1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 363.814 363.814

5 Total Use (3+4) 516.914 621.814


-267.914 -348.814



1 Intra basin export to Middle Godavari sub basin for irrigation from Manar project 132.00 Mm3

2 Intra basin export to Middle Godavari sub basin for drinking purpose 1.35 Mm3

Import Total 133.35Mm3


4 Intra basin import from Lendi sub basin for water supply for domestic use 1.73 Mm3

Total 2.01 mm3

Export Future

5 Intra basin export to Middle Godavari sub basin for irrigation from Manar project 174.00 Mm3

6 Intra basin export to Middle Godavari sub basin for drinking purpose 3.62 Mm3

177.62 Mm3

Import


8 Intra basin import from Lendi sub basin for water supply for domestic use 4.90 Mm3

Total 5.97Mm3




Table : - 13 Water balance of sub-basin - Kayadhu




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 7.13 10.98


Sub-total: (a+b) 7.13 23.42



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 141 335

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7 131 138 3 Sub-total:1+2 150 370



4.1 Major & Medium 4.21 4.21 State+Local 48.58 48.58

From Import 127 127

Total 179.79 179.79

5 Recharge -from 0 0 4.2 Irri.from others







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

irrigation Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 179.79 179.79

5 Total Use (3+4) 329.79 549.79 Balance water for

irrigation 134.21 -60.79


Note : Present

1 Import from Penganga sub basin for irrigation 126.80 Mm3

2 Import from Purna sub basin for water supply to Hingoli city 3.48 Mm3

3 Import from Penganga sub basin for water supply to Kalamnuri city 1.03 Mm3

131.31 Mm3

4 Water reserved for Export to Lower Penganga Project 141.11 Mm3

Future

5 Import from Penganga sub basin for irrigation 126.80 Mm3

6 Import from Purna sub basin for water supply to Hingoli city 7 Mm3

7 Import from Penganga sub basin for water supply to Kalamnuri city 2.01 Mm3

8 Import from Purna sub basin for industrial use from Siddeshwar Project for Hingoli 2.55 Mm3

138 Mm3

9 Export to Penganga sub basin from sapli dam for irrigation 194 Mm3

10 Water reserved for Export to Lower Penganga Project 141 Mm3

Total 335 Mm3




Table : – 14 Water balance of sub-basin G-7 Penganga Including Kayadhu, Pus & Arunawati Sub basins




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 43.06 82.15


Sub-total: (a+b) 83.98 208.32



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 719 732

(indu.use )

Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 128.94 3 Water for environment

0 0


8.6 & 8.7

23 29 3 Sub-total:1+2 828.00 1,019.75



4.1 Major & Medium 2642.77 2642.77

State+Local 1053.01 1053.01

From Import 15 15

Total 3710.78 3710.78







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 3710.78 3710.78

5 Total Use (3+4) 4538.78 4730.53


-785 -842


Note :

Intra basin export Present

1 Water is exported to Bembla sub basin (Wardha) from Chapdoh medium project (Penganga) for water supply to Yavatmal city

5.96 Mm3

2 Water is exported for water supply to Lonar city in Purna sub basin from Kundafal M. I. project in Penganga sub basin 1.01 Mm3

3 Water is exported to Bembla sub basin for water supply to Karanja and Umrda from Arunavati sub basin 3.76 Mm3

4 Water is exported to Wardha sub basin for water supply to Wardha city 7.96 Mm3

5 Water is exported to Wardha sub basin for water supply to industries from Penganga sub basin 3.03 Mm3

6 Water is exported to Middle Godavari sub basin from Upper Penganga project in Penganga sub basin for irrigation 655 Mm3

Water is exported to Arunawati sub basin (Penganga) for water supply to Yavatmal MIDC in Bembla sub basin 3.65 Mm3

Inter basin export




6 Water is exported to Tapi Basin (Purna sub basin) from Pentakli project of Penganga sub basin for irrigation 26 Mm3

7 Water is exported to Buldhana city in Tapi basin from Yelgaon project of Penganga sub basin 12.4 Mm3

Total 718.77 Mm3

Intra basin import 8 Water is imported from Purna sub basin from Khadak Purna project for drining and irrigation porpose 15 Mm3

9 Water is imported from purna sub basin for water supply to Hingoli town in Kayadhu sub basin 3.48 Mm3

10 Water is imported from Wardha sub basin from Gadchandur Project for cement factory 2.14 Mm3

11 Water is imported from Wardha sub basin from Awarpur project for cement factory 2.16 Mm3

Total 22.78 Mm3

Future

1 Water is proposed to export to Bembla sub basin (Wardha) from Chapdoh medium project (Penganga) for water supply to Yavatmal city of Bembla sub basin

10.24 Mm3

2 Water is proposed to export to Purna sub basin for water supply to Lonar city from Kundafal M. I. project in Penganga sub basin

2.13 Mm3

3 Water is proposed to export to Bembla sub basin for water supply to Karanja and Umrda from Arunavati sub basin 6.08 Mm3

4 Water is proposed to export to Wardha sub basin for water supply to Wardha city 11.38 Mm3

5 Water is proposed to export to Wardha sub basin for water supply to industries from Penganga sub basin 3.03 Mm3

6 Water is proposed to export to Bembla sub basin for water supply Karanja MIDC from Adhan project in Arunawati sub basin

2.5 Mm3

7 Water is proposed to export to Bembla sub basin for water supply to Yavatmal MIDC from Goki project from Arunawati sub basin

3.65 Mm3

8 Water is exported to Middle Godavari sub basin from Upper Penganga project in Penganga sub basin for irrigation 655 Mm3

Inter basin export




9 Water is exported to Tapi Basin (Purna sub basin) from Pentakli project of Penganga sub basin for irrigation 26 Mm3

10 Water is exported to Buldhana city in Tapi basin from Yelgaon project of Penganga sub basin 12.4 Mm3

Total 732.41 Mm3

Intra basin import 8 Water is imported from Purna sub basin from Khadak Purna project for drining and irrigation porpose 15 Mm3

9 Water is imported from purna sub basin for water supply to Hingoli town in Kayadhu sub basin 6.76 Mm3

10 Water is imported from Wardha sub basin from Gadchandur Project for cement factory 2.14 Mm3

11 Water is imported from Wardha sub basin from Awarpur project for cement factory 2.16 Mm3

Water is imported from Purna sub basin for industrial fromSiddeshwar project 2.55

Total 28.61Mm3

Irrigation use :

Kind of Project Penganga Kayadhu Pus Arunawati Total Major & Medium 1946.52 4.78+194 170.85 326.62 2642.77 Minor : State + Local 638.51 48.27 115.66 250.57 1053.01

Total 2585.03 247.05 286.51 577.19 3695.78




Table : – 14-A Water balance of sub-basin G-7 Penganga Including Kayadhu, Pus & Arunawati Sub basins (not considering restrictions applicable due to agreement (1999) between Maharashtra & Andhra Pradesh regarding water use upto Lower Penganga project).




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 43.06 82.15

b GWDTA allocation2 10.1 b. Rural+Livestock 40.92 126.17

All waters upto Lower Penganga Project

5,419 5,419

All waters upto Saykheda & Waghadi dam

138 138

Rest of Penganga sub basin water use restricted

255 255

Total 5812 5812

Sub-total: (a+b) 83.98 208.32



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 719 732

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

23 29 3 Sub-total:1+2 828.00 1,019.75



4.1 Major & Medium 2642.77 2642.77

State+Local 1053.01 1053.01







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

From Import 15 15

Total 3710.78 3710.78


Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 3710.78 3710.78

5 Total Use (3+4) 4538.78 4730.53


1296 1239





Table : – 15 Water balance of sub-basin G-7 - Pus




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10




a. Urban 5.18 10.98


Sub-total: (a+b) 19.40 23.42



20.87 34.51

(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 123.76 123.76

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

0 85.74 3 Sub-total:1+2 144.63 158



4.1 Major & Medium 170.85 170.85


From Import 0 85.74

Total 286.50 372.24







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 286.50 372.24

5 Total Use (3+4) 431.13 530.24


-2.13 1.76


Note : 1 Export to Penganga sub basin Water reserved for Lower Penganga Project 123.76 Mm3

2 Import from Lower Penganga project for irrigation (Future) Kali lift 85.74 Mm3




Table: – 16 Water balance of sub-basin - Arunavati




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


a Natural water available 10.1 785.00 785 1.1 Domestic use Annex Table -32

a. Urban 11.29 25.51

b GWDTA allocation2 10.1 785.00 785.00 b. Rural+Livestock 26.70 65.09

Sub-total: (a+b) 37.99 90.60



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 310.53 315.76

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

0 172 3 Sub-total:1+2 350.75 413



4.1 Major & Medium 326.62 326.62


From Import 0 172

Total 577.19 749.19







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 577.19 749.19

5 Total Use (3+4) 927.94 1162.19


-143 -180


Note :

1 Water reserved for Lower Penganga Project (Present & Future)(export) 303.53 Mm3

2 Import from Lower Penganga project for irrigation (Future) 172 Mm3

3 Export to Bembla sub basin for water supply to Karanja Town (future-6.08Mm3) 3.76Mm3

4 Export to Bembla sub basin for water supply toYeotmal MIDC from Goki project. 3.65 Mm3

3 Export to Bembla sub basin for water supply to Yeotmal MIDC from Adan project (Future) 2.5 Mm3




Table : – 17 Water balance of sub-basin - Bembla




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 19.84 32.20


Sub-total: (a+b) 33.16 69.89

2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use Annex Table -32 1.00 3.00 a. Regeneration 0 25.76 Sub-total:-(1.1+1.2) 34.16 72.89


transfer (export) & 8.6 & 8.7 215.44 215.44

(indu.use ) Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 28.16 Water for

environment 0 0


8.6 & 8.7 13.00 22.47 3 Sub-total:1+2 250 288.33



4.1 StateV 50.13 50.13

Local 168.15 168.15

Total 218.28 218.28


0 - 4.2 Irri.from others

Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 218.28 218.28

5 Total Use (3+4) 468.28 506.61







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


-183 -184

Total (1+2+3+4+5) 285 322.63 Grand Total 285 323

Note :

Intra basin export Present

1 Export of water from bembla Project to Wardha sub basin for irrigation 215.44 Mm3

Intra basin import 2 Water is imported from Penganga sub basin from Chapdoh project for water supply to yavatmal city 5.96 Mm3

3 Water is imported from Arunavati sub basin for water supply to Karanja town & Umbrad Bazar in Bembla sub basin 3.76 Mm3

4 Water is imported from Arunavati sub basin from goki Project for water supply to yavatmal midc 3.65 Mm3

Total 13.37 Mm3

Future

5 Export of water from bembla Project to Wardha sub basin for irrigation 215.44 Mm3

`

6 Water proposed to import from Penganga sub basin from Chapdoh project for water supply to yavatmal city. 10.24 Mm3

7 Water is imported from Arunavati sub basin for water supply to Karanja town & Umbrad Bazar in Bembla sub basin 6.08 Mm3

8 Water proposed to import from Arunavati sub basin from goki Project for water supply to yavatmal midc. 3.65 Mm3

10 Water proposed to import from Arunavati sub basin for water supply for industrial MIDC. 2.5 Mm3

Total 22.47 Mm3




Table : – 18 Water balance of sub-basin - Wardha




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 67.14 118.87


Sub-total: (a+b) 118.29 242.23



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 169 351

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7 277.5 356.97 3 Sub-total:1+2 358 961



4.1 Major & Medium 823.74 823.74








1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

From Import 264.44 339.71

Total 1418.56 1493.83



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 1878.81 1493.83

5 Total Use (3+4) 1776.56 2454.83

Balance water 1091 882



1 Inter basin export to tapi basin for water supply to Amravati city in purna sub basin 58.47 Mm3

2 Inter basin export to Tapi basin for water supply to Nandgaon peth in purna sub basin 10.00 Mm3

3 Inter basin export to Tapi basin for water supply to thermal power station in Purna sub basin from upper wardha project 87.6 Mm3

4 Intra basin export of water to Penganga sub basin from Aawapur project for industrial use 2.16 Mm3

5 Intra basin export of water to Penganga sub basin from Gadchandur project for industrial use 2.14 Mm3

6 Intra basin export of water to Erai sub basin for Chandrapur MIDC 9.07 Mm3

Total 169.44 Mm3

Import

7 Import of water from lal nala project from Venna sub basin for irrigation 25.90 Mm3

8 Import of water from Pothra nala project from Venna sub basin for irrigation 19.52 Mm3

9 Import of water from Labhan sarad project from Venna sub basin for irrigation 3.58 Mm3

10 Import of water for water supply to Wardh city from Penganga sub basin 7.96 Mm3




11 Import of water for water supply to cement industry from Pakadigadh Project in Penganga sub basin 3.03 Mm3

Import of water for water supply to sidhiturk hind nagar from Venna sub basin 1.58 Mm4

Import from Bembla sub basin for irrigation 215.44 Mm3

Import of water for water supply to Irrigation Management Dorli from Kolar sub basin 0.49 Mm3

Total 277.50 Mm3

Export Future

12 Inter basin export to tapi basin for water supply to Amravati city in purna sub basin 58.47 Mm3

13 Inter basin export to Tapi basin for water supply to Nandgaon peth in purna sub basin 10.00 Mm3

14 Inter basin export to Tapi basin for water supply to thermal power station in Purna sub basin from upper wardha project 87.6 Mm3

15 Intra basin export of water to Penganga sub basin from Aawapur project for industrial use 2.16 Mm3

16 Intra basin export of water to Penganga sub basin from Gadchandur project for industrial use 2.14 Mm3

17 Intra basin export of water to Venna sub basin for irrigaiton from Ajansara barrage 84 Mm3

18 Export to Erai sub basin for water supply for Chandrapur MIDC 26.66 Mm3

19 Export to Venna sub basin for Lanco Thermal power station 40.3 Mm3

20 Export to Venna sub basin for irrigation from Didora LI scheme 19.31 Mm3

21 Export to Erai sub basin for Dhariwal Thermal power station 20 Mm3

Total 350.64 Mm3

Import

22 Import of water from lal nala project from Venna sub basin for irrigation 41.9 Mm3

23 Import of water from Pothra nala project from Venna sub basin for irrigation 19.52 Mm3

24 Import of water from Labhan sarad project from Venna sub basin for irrigation 3.85 Mm3

25 Import of water for water supply to Wardh city from Penganga sub basin 11.38 Mm3

26 Import of water for water supply to cement industry from Pakadigadh Project in Penganga sub basin 3.03 Mm3

27 Import of water for water supply to sidhiturk hind nagar from Venna sub basin 2.36 Mm3

28 Import of water for water supply to Irrigation Management Dorli from Kolar sub basin 0.49 Mm3

29 Import from Bembla sub basin for irrigation 215.44 Mm3

30 Import of water from Kanhan sub-basin for irrigation 59 Mm3

Total 356.97 Mm3




Table: – 19 Water balance of sub-basin - Venna




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10




a. Urban 26.30 49.11


Sub-total: (a+b) 50.50 96.86



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 53 84

(indu.use ) Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 121.69 3 Water for

environment 0 0


8.6 & 8.7 3 148.66 Sub-total:1+2+3 143.58 283.86



4.1 Major & Medium 444 444 State+Local 128.30 128.30

From Import 0 103.31

Total 572.30 675.61



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 572.30 675.61

5 Total Use(1+2+3+4) 715.88 959.47







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


Total (1+2+3+4+5) 1,134 1,401 Grand Total 1,134.00 1,401.00

Note : Present

1 Water is exported to Wardha sub basin for water supply to sindhiturk hind nagar 1.58 Mm3

2 Water is exported to Wardh sub basin from Lal nalla, Potra and Labhan sarad projects for irrigation use 49.00 Mm3

3 Water exported to Kolar sub basin for water supply to industrial use 1.14 Mm3

4 Water is exported to Kolar sub basin for water supply to Kalmeshwar gaon 0.9 Mm3

Total 52.62 Mm3

5 Water is imported from Nag sub basin for for industrial use 3.05 Mm3

Future

6 Water is proposed to expoet to Wardha sub basin for water supply to sindhiturk hind nagar. 2.36 Mm3

7 Water is proposed to export to Wardha sub basin from Lal nalla, Potra and Labhan sarad projects for irrigation use. . 65 Mm3

8 Water is proposed to export to Kolar sub basin for water supply to industrial use. 2.0 Mm3

9 Water is proposed to export o Kolar sub basin for water supply to Kalmeshwar gaon. 2.1 Mm3

10 Water is proposed to export to Andhari sub basinfor irrigation from lal nala project. 12.52 Mm3

Total 83.98 Mm3

11 Water is proposed to import from Aajansara Barraj from Wardha sub basin for irrigation. 84.00 Mm3

12 Water is proposed to import from wardha sub basin for thermal power station (Lanco Vidharbh t.p.s.) 40.3 Mm3

13 Water is proposed to import from Wardha sub basin from Dindora L.I.scheme for irrigation. 19.31 Mm3

14 Water is proposed to import from Nag sub basin for industrial use 5.05 Mm3

Total 148.66 Mm3




Table : – 20 Water balance of sub-basin Erai




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 15.83 25.12


Sub-total: (a+b) 15.83 25.12



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 0 0

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7 9.07 46.64 3 Sub-total:1+2 135.00 224



4.1 Major & Medium 31 31


From Import 0 0







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 42 42



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 42 42

5 Total Use (3+4) 177 266



Note : Present

1 Water imported fromWardha sub basin for water supply to Chandrapur MIDC 9.07 Mm3

Future

2 Water is proposed to import fromWardha sub basin for water supply to Chandrapur MIDC. 26.64 Mm3

3 Water is proposed to import from Wardha sub basin for industrial use. 20.00 Mm3

Total 46.64 Mm3




Table: – 21 Water balance of sub-basin - Andhari




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


a Natural water available 10.1 1,615 1,6 15

1.1 Domestic use Annex Table -32

a. Urban 9.48 17.44

b GWDTA allocation2 10.1 961.37 961 b. Rural+ Livestock 10.31 17.43

Sub-total: (a+b) 19.79 34.87



19.90 37.16

(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 20 20

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

1.23 230.99 3 Sub-total:1+2 40 57



4.1 Major & Medium 415.30 415.30


From Import 0 227







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 544.24 771.24



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 544.24 771.24

5 Total Use (3+4) 584.24 828.24 Balance water 378 380

Total (1+2+3+4+5) 963 1,208 Grand Total 963 1,208


1 Export of water from Asolamendha Project to Wainganga sub basin for irrigation 20 Mm3

Import

2 Import of water from Wainganga sub basin for water supply to Mul MIDC 0.11 Mm3

3 Import of water from Wainganga sub basin for water supply to Mul Town 1.12 Mm3

1.23 Mm4

Export Future

4 Export of water from Asolamendha Project to Wainganga sub basin for irrigation 20 Mm3

Import

5 Import of water from Wainganga sub basin for water supply to Mul MIDC 2.29 Mm3

6 Import of water from Wainganga sub basin for water supply to Mul Town 2.00 Mm3

7 Import of water from Wainganga sub basin from Gosikhurd dam for irrigation 214.18 Mm3

8 Import of water from Venna sub basin from Lal nala dam for irrigation 12.52 Mm3

Total 230.99 Mm3




Table: – 22 Water balance of sub-basin - Nag




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 173.75 687.03


Sub-total: (a+b) 173.98 694.97



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 3 53

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7 202 700 Sub-total:1+2+3 221.00 753.27





From Import 34 34







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 53.30 53.30



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 53.30 53.30

5 Total Use(1+2+3+4) 274.30 806.57


Total (1+2+3+4+5) 434 1,486.26 Grand Total 434 1,486




Note :

1 Export of water to Venna sub basin for water supply to Hingane MIDC 3.05 Mm3

Total 3.05 Mm3

2 Import of water from Pench sub basin for water supply to Nagpur municipal corporation 127 Mm3

3 Import of water from Pench sub basin for irrigation through pench canal 34 Mm3

4 Import of water from Kanhan sub basin for water supply to Nagpur municipal corporation 40 Mm3

5 Import of water from Pench sub basin for water supply to MIDC 1 Mm3

Total 202 Mm3

Future

6 Export ofwater to Venna sub basin for water supply to Hingane MIDC 5.05 Mm3

7 Export ofwater to Kanhan sub basin for water supply thermal power station Koradi 47.45 Mm3

Total 52.5 Mm3

8 Import of water from Pench sub basin for water supply to Nagpur municipal corporation 190 Mm3

9 Import of water from Pench sub basin for irrigation through pench canal 34 Mm3

10 Import of water from Kanhan sub basin for water supply to Nagpur municipal corporation 471 Mm3

11 Import of water from Pench sub basin for water supply to MIDC 5.0 Mm3

Total 700Mm3




Table: – 23 Water balance of sub-basin - Kolar




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 7.92 12.85


Sub-total: (a+b) 13.90 24.79



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 0.49 0.49

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7 45 164.10 Sub-total:1+2+3 58.74 71.49





From Import 25 126







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 112.95 213.95



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 112.95 213.95

5 Total Use(1+2+3+4) 171.69 285.44 Balance water 118 171


Note :

1 Export of water to Wardha sub basin for water supply to Institute of Management Dorli 0.14 Mm3

2 Import of water from Venna sub basin for water supply to MIDC 1.14 Mm3

3 Import of water from Venna sub basin for Water supply to Kalmeshwar Gaon 0.9 Mm3

4 Import of water from Pench sub basin for water supply to domestic water use 8.01 Mm3

5 Import of water from Pench sub basin for Khaparkheda thermal power station 10.0 Mm3

6 Import of water from Pench sub basin for irrigation 25 Mm3

Total 45.19 Mm3

7 Export of water to Wardha sub basin for water supply to Institute of Management Dorli 0.49 Mm3

8 Import of water from Venna sub basin for water supply to MIDC 2.0 Mm3

9 Import of water from Venna sub basin for Water supply to Kalmeshwar Gaon 2.10 Mm3

10 Import of water from Pench sub basin for water supply to domestic water use 19.0 Mm3

11 Import of water from Pench sub basin for Khaparkheda thermal power station 15.0 Mm3


13 Import of water from Knhan sub basin for irrigation 101 Mm3

Total 164.10 Mm3




Table: – 24 Water balance of sub-basin - Kanhan




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 10.42 17.12


Sub-total: (a+b) 16.39 23.95



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 40 631

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7 606.5 648.45 Sub-total:1+2+3 102 761



4.1 Major & Medium 95.22 95.22


From Import 561 561

Total 715.89 715.89







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 715.89 715.89

5 Total Use(1+2+3+4) 817.89 1476.89

Balance water 526 8


Note :

1 Export of water to Nag sub basin for water supply to Nagpur Municipal Corporation 40 Mm3.

2 Import of water from Pench sub basin for water supply to MIDC 45.50 Mm3


Total 606.5 Mm3

Future

4 Export of water to Nag sub basin for water supply to Nagpur Municipal Corporation 471 Mm3

5 Export of water to Kolar sub basin for irrigation 101 Mm3

6 Export of water to Wardha sub basin for irrigation 59 Mm3

Total 631Mm3

7 Import of water from Pench sub basin for water supply to MIDC 15 Mm3


9 Import of water from Wainganga sub basin for thermal power station (NTPC) 25.00 Mm3

10 Import from Nag sub basin for Thermal power station 47.45 Mm3

Total 648.45 Mm3




Table: - 25 Water balance of sub-basin - Pench




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10




a. Urban 2.07 4.35


Sub-total: (a+b) 4.04 9.41



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 1,010.51 1,063.00

(indu.use )

Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 6.28 3 Water for environment 0 0


8.6 & 8.7 0 0 Sub-total:1+2+3 1015.25 1,075.91





From Import 0 0







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 99.85 99.85



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 99.85 99.85

5 Total Use(1+2+3+4) 1115.10 1175.76

Balance water -130 -185

Total (1+2+3+4+5) 984.95 991 Grand Total 984.95 991

Note :

1 Export of water to Nag sub basin for water supply to Nagpur Municipal corporation 127 Mm3

2 Export of water to Nag sub basin for irrigation 34 Mm3

3 Export of water to kolar sub basin for irrigation 25 Mm3

4 Export of water to kolar sub basin for industrial water use 10 Mm3

5 Export of water to Kanhan sub basin for water supply to thermal power station 45.5 Mm3

6 Export of water to Kanhan sub basin for irrigation 561 Mm3

7 Export of water to Wainganga sub basin for irrigation 199 Mm3

8 Export of water to Nag sub basin for industrial use 1 Mm3

9 Export of water to Kolar sub basin for domestic water use 8.01 Mm3

Total 1010.51 Mm3

Future

11 Export of water to Nag sub basin for water supply to Nagpur Municipal corporation 190 Mm3

12 Export of water to Nag sub basin for irrigation 34 Mm3

13 Export of water to kolar sub basin for irrigation 25 Mm3




14 Export of water to kolar sub basin for industrial water use 15 Mm3

15 Export of water to Kanhan sub basin for water supply to thermal power station 15.0 Mm3

16 Export of water to Kanhan sub basin for irrigation 561 Mm3

17 Export of water to Wainganga sub basin for irrigation 199 Mm3

18 Export of water to Nag sub basin for industrial use 5 Mm3

19 Export of water to Kolar sub basin for domestic water use 19.0 Mm3

1063 Mm3




Table : – 26 Water balance of sub-basin - Wainganga




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10




a. Urban 18.45 33.43

b GWDTA allocation 10.1 4,111 4,111 b. Rural+Livestock 6.60 86.38

Sub-total: (a+b) 25.05 119.81

2 Manually Managed

1.2 Industrial use Annex Table -32 257.43 577.00


(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 7.17 254

(indu.use )

Sub-total:- (a+b) 0 488.34 3 Water for environment 0 0


8.6 & 8.7

467.87 558.64 Sub-total:1+2+3 290 951



4.1 Major & Medium 2535.75 2535.75


From Import 468 558.64







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 3402.87 3493.51



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 3402.87 3493.51

5 Total Use(1+2+3+4) 3692.87 4444.51


Total (1+2+3+4+5)

4,579 5,158.25 Grand Total 4,579 5,158

Note :

1 Export of water to Andhari sub basin for water supply toMul town 1.23 Mm3.

2 Export of water to Bagh sub basin for water supply to Gondia town 5.94 Mm3

Total 7.17 Mm3

3 Import of water from Andhari sub basin for irrigation from Asolamendha project 20 Mm3

4 Import of water from Bagh sub basin for irrigation 4.24 Mm3

5 Import of water from Gadhvi sub basin for from Itiadoh Project for irrigation 172 Mm3

6 Import of water from Pench sub basin for from Pench Project for irrigation 199 Mm3

7 Import of water from Pranhita sub basin for from Dina Project for irrigation 72.63 Mm3

Total 467.87 Mm3

8 Export of water to Andhari sub basin for water supply to Mul town 1.23 Mm3

9 Export of water to Bagh sub basin for water supply to Gondia town 10.88 Mm3

10 Export of water to Andhari sub basin for water supply to irrigation and for drinking purpose from Gosikhurd project 217.24 Mm3

11 Export to Kanhan sub basin for water supply to thermal power station NTPC 25.0 Mm3




254.35 Mm3

12 Import of water from Andhari sub basin for irrigation from Asolamendha project 20 Mm3

13 Import of water from Bagh sub basin for irrigation 4.24 Mm3

14 Import of water from Gadhvi sub basin for from Itiadoh Project for irrigation 172 Mm3

15 Import of water from Penchi sub basin for from Pench Project for irrigation 199 Mm3

16 Import of water from Pranhita sub basin for from Dina Project for irrigation 72.63 Mm3

17 Import of water from Khobragadi sub basin from Tultuli project for irrigation 90.77 Mm3

Total 558.64 Mm3




Table: – 27 Water balance of sub-basin - Bagh




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 6.67 10.80


Sub-total: (a+b) 22.39 53.66



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 4 4

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7 6 11 Sub-total:1+2+3 27.00 65



4.1 Major & Medium 428.26 428.26


From Import 0 0







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 554.70 554.70



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 554.70 554.70

5 Total Use(1+2+3+4) 581.70 619.70 Balance water 208 189


Note : Present

1 Export of water to Wainganga sub basin for irrigation 4.24 Mm3.

2 Import of water from Wainganga sub basin for water supply to Gondia city 5.57 Mm3

3 Import of water from Wainganga sub basin for water supply to Gondia MIDC 0.37 Mm3

Total import 5.94 Mm3

Future

4 Export of water to Wainganga sub basin for irrigation 4.24 Mm3

5 Import of water from Wainganga sub basin for water supply to Gondia city 9.13 Mm3

6 Import of water from Wainganga sub basin for water supply to Gondia MIDC 1.75 Mm3

Total import 10.88 Mm3




Table: – 28 Water balance of sub-basin - Gadhavi




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10




a. Urban 1.69 3.07


Sub-total: (a+b) 9.77 23.94



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 172.00 172.00

(indu.use )



8.6 & 8.7 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 182.00 196





From Import 0 0







1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total 262 262



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 262 262

5 Total Use (3+4) 444 458

Balance water -46 -57.34


Note :

1 Present - Export of water to Waingangai sub basin for irrigation from Itiadoh Project 172.22 Mm3.

2 Future - Export of water to Waingangai sub basin for irrigation from Itiadoh Project 172.22 Mm3




Table: – 29 Water balance of sub-basin - Kobragadi




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 1.34 2.22


Sub-total: (a+b) 4.30 11.54



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 0.00 91.00

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7

0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 4 103





From Import 0 0




Total 183.65 183.65



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 183.65 183.65

5 Total Use (3+4) 187.65 286.65


Total (1+2+3+4+5) 444.00 446 Grand Total 444 446

Note : Future

1 Water is exported from Tuituli project which is under construction to Wainganga sub basin for irrigation 90.77 Mm3




Table: – 30 Water balance of sub-basin Pranhita




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10



a. Urban 1.31 2.45


Sub-total: (a+b) 4.35 15.23



(urban use)


8.6 & 8.7 73.00 73.00

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 77.00 88



4.1 Major & Medium 89.39 89.39


From Import 0 0




Total 98.52 98.52



Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 99 99

5 Total Use (3+4) 176 187



Note :

1 Present - Export of water to Waingangai sub basin for irrigation from Dina Project 72.63 Mm3

2 Future - Export of water from Dina project to Wainganga sub basin for irrigation 72.63 Mm3




Table: – 31 Water balance of sub-basin - Indrawati




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


a Natural water available 10.1 2,977 2,977 1.1 Domestic use

a. Urban 11.2 0.60 1.13

b GWDTA allocation2 10.1 1,161 1,161 b. Rural+Livestock 11.2 0.00 2.70

Sub-total: (a+b) 0.60 3.83

2 Manually Managed 1.2 Industrial use 11.2 0.00 2.00


(urban use)


7.3.1 0 0

(indu.use )


0 0


8.6 & 8.7 0 0 3 Sub-total:1+2 0.60 6


4 Irrigation use

4.1 Major & Medium 11.1.1 0 0

State+Local 11.1.1 13.91 13.91

From Import 0 0

Total 13.91 13.91


Sub-total: (4.1+4.2) 13.91 13.91

5 Total Use (3+4) 14.51 19.91 Balance water 1146 1143

Total (1+2+3+4+5) 1,160.71 1,163 Grand Total 1,161 1,163




Table: – 32 Demand of water for Domestic & industrial water use

Sr. No.

Sub basin Population (2016)

Domestic water demand Industrial Water demand Population (2030)

Domestic water demand Industrial Water demand

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Upper Godavari

i) Rural 4,972,934 149.48 111.78 37.70 5,925,270 356.21 310.21 46.00

ii) Urban 3,366,729 159.61 159.61 0.00 4,186,506 271.17 271.17 0.00

iii) Industries 132.00 132.00 0.00 233.00 233.00 0.00

2 Pravara

i) Rural 1,137,125 34.18 21.98 12.20 1,327,693 57.01 39.58 17.43

ii) Urban 138,772 7.73 7.73 0.00 168,967 13.29 13.29 0.00

iii) Industries 11.00 11.00 0.00 18.00 18.00 0.00

3 Mula

i) Rural 515,210 15.49 10.09 5.40 601,597 30.74 25.34 5.40

ii) Urban 55,993 3.39 3.39 0.00 68,176 5.99 5.99 0.00

iii ) Industries 3.00 3.00 0.00 3.00 3.00 0.00

Sub-total 10,186,763 369.88 314.18 55.53 146.00 146.00 0.00 12,278,209 734.41 665.58 68.83 254.00 251.00 0.00

4 Middle Godavari

i) Rural 3,921,690 117.88 30.37 87.21 4,873,484 292.98 120.17 172.81

ii) Urban 1,341,005 67.00 67.00 0.00 1,637,720 114.21 114.21 0.00

iii) Industries 65.64 65.64 0.00 194.64 40.43 154.21

5 Lendi

i) Rural 690,184 20.75 10.38 10.37 966,293 58.09 42.53 15.56




Sr. No.




Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

ii) Urban 209,986 11.37 11.37 0.00 246,747 17.39 17.39 0.00

iii) Industries 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.40 9.40 0.00

6 Manar

i) Rural 971,195 29.19 12.31 16.88 1,357,224 81.59 54.59 27.00

ii) Urban 139,918 7.79 7.79 0.00 171,682 12.41 12.41 0.00

iii) Industries 0.09 0.00 0.09 13.00 13.00 0.00

7 Dudhna

i) Rural 1,245,394 37.44 8.44 29.00 1,576,368 94.77 58.77 36.00

ii) Urban 434,950 22.63 15.63 7.00 537,646 37.14 30.14 7.00

iii) Industries 5.57 5.57 0.00 32.07 0.00 32.07

8 Purna

i) Rural 2,420,689 72.76 50.76 22.00 2,852,051 171.46 135.46 36.00

ii) Urban 935,491 47.25 47.25 0.00 1,156,545 79.88 79.88 0.00

iii) Industries 0.09 0.00 0.09 4.97 0.00 4.97

9 Sudha -Suvarna

i) Rural 64,989 1.95 1.45 0.50 76,181 4.58 3.08 1.50

ii) Urban 31,694 2.06 1.81 0.25 50,000 3.93 3.68 0.25

iii) Industries 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.20 0.00 1.20

10 Terna

i) Rural 878,739 26.41 12.66 13.75 968,645 58.24 36.95 21.90

ii) Urban 302,456 16.03 16.03 0.00 366,007 25.83 25.83 0.00

iii) Industries 0.35 0.35 0.00 15.42 15.42 0.00




Sr. No.




Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

11 Manjra

i) Rural 1,688,116 50.74 30.74 20.00 2,099,190 126.00 106.00 20.00

ii) Urban 684,571 34.95 34.95 0.00 853,487 59.30 46.30 13.00

iii) Industries 2.00 2.00 0.00 3.00 3.00 0.00

12 Kayadhu

i) Rural 306,710 9.22 0.00 9.22 388,225 23.34 12.44 13.98

ii) Urban 119,583 7.13 7.13 0.00 10.37 10.98 0.00

iii) Industries 1.47 1.47 0.00 147,732 11.09 11.09 0.00

Sub-total 16,387,360 582.55 366.07 216.18 75.21 75.03 0.18 20,325,227 1271.51 910.81 365.00 284.79 92.34 192.45

13 Penganga

i) Rural 1,975,938 59.39 0.00 59.39 2,249,201 135.22 58.25 76.97

ii) Urban 407,610 19.46 19.46 0.00 499,013 36.14 36.14 0.00

iii) Industries 19.00 19.00 0.00 56.74 56.74 0.00

14 Pus

i) Rural 574,950 17.28 14.22 3.06 765,038 45.99 42.38 3.61

ii) Urban 107,493 5.18 5.18 0.00 145,801 10.13 10.13 0.00

iii) Industries 2.81 2.81 0.00 4.97 4.97 0.00

15 Arunavati

i) Rural 1,234,650 36.28 26.70 9.58 1,731,995 72.70 65.09 7.61

ii) Urban 269,004 11.29 11.29 0.00 450,265 25.51 25.51 0.00

iii) Industries 2.23 2.23 0.00 6.23 6.23 0.00

16 Bemb la




Sr. No.




Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

i) Rural 443,137 13.32 13.32 0.00 535,640 32.20 32.20 0.00

ii) Urban 415,806 19.84 19.84 0.00 548,713 37.69 37.69 0.00

iii) Industries 24.00 1.00 23.00 41.00 3.00 38.00

17 Wardha

i) Rural 1,701,712 51.15 51.15 0.00 2,052,049 123.36 123.36 0.00

ii) Urban 1,413,361 67.14 67.14 0.00 1,732,651 118.87 118.87 0.00

iii) Industries 80.06 70.67 9.39 368.59 368.59 36.91

18 Venna

i) Rural 804,941 24.20 24.20 0.00 812,590 47.75 47.75 0.00

ii) Urban 551,728 26.30 26.30 0.00 711,984 49.11 49.11 0.00

iii) Industries 39.98 39.98 0.00 103.00 103.00 0.00

19 Erai

i) Rural 237,829 7.15 0.00 7.15 289,729 17.42 0.00 17.42

ii) Urban 331,281 15.83 15.83 0.00 381,298 25.12 25.12 0.00

iii) Industries 119.07 119.07 0.00 198.79 198.79 0.00

20 Andhari

i) Rural 474,538 10.31 10.31 0.00 401,274 17.43 17.43 0.00

ii) Urban 197,665 9.48 9.48 0.00 247,431 17.44 17.44 0.00

iii) Industries 0.11 0.11 0.00 2.29 2.29 0.00

21 Nag

i) Rural 147,359 4.43 0.23 4.20 165,416 9.94 7.94 2.00

ii) Urban 2,566,827 179.42 173.75 5.67 4,738,114 692.00 687.03 4.98




Sr. No.




Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

iii) Industries 1.45 1.40 0.05 6.12 5.80 0.32

22 Kolar

i) Rural 318,684 9.58 5.98 3.60 332,218 19.97 11.94 8.03

ii) Urban 164,965 7.92 7.92 0.00 186,765 12.85 12.85

iii) Industries 44.35 44.35 0.00 46.21 46.21 0.00

23 Kanhan

i) Rural 407,415 12.25 5.97 6.28 430,733 18.71 6.83 11.88

ii) Urban 217,523 10.42 10.42 0.00 250,152 17.12 17.12 0.00

iii) Industries 45.54 45.54 0.00 105.70 105.70 0.00

24 Pench

i) Rural 103,931 3.12 1.97 1.15 118,243 7.11 5.06 2.05

ii) Urban 42,529 2.07 2.07 0.00 61,430 4.35 4.35 0.00

iii) Industries 0.70 0.70 0.00 3.50 3.50 0.00

25 Wainganga

i) Rural 2,128,386 63.98 6.60 57.38 2,391,358 143.76 86.38 57.38

ii) Urban 386,486 18.45 18.45 0.00 465,906 33.43 33.43 0.00

iii) Industries 260.00 257.43 2.57 577.00 577.00 0.00

26 Bagh

i) Rural 729,460 21.93 15.72 6.21 839,765 50.48 42.86 7.62

ii) Urban 138,699 6.67 6.67 0.00 156,364 10.80 10.80 0.00

iii) Industries 0.37 0.37 0.00 7.03 7.03 0.00

27 Gadhvi




Sr. No.




Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

Total Water

Surface Water

Ground Water

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

i) Rural 339,146 10.19 8.08 2.11 389,876 23.44 20.87 2.57

ii) Urban 34,616 1.69 1.69 0.00 41,617 3.07 3.07 0.00

iii) Industries 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

28 Khobragadi

i) Rural 184,684 5.55 2.96 2.59 207,416 12.47 9.32 3.15

ii) Urban 27,365 1.34 1.34 0.00 30,141 2.22 2.22 0.00

iii) Industries 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

29 Pranhita

i) Rural 286,661 8.62 3.04 5.58 325,503 19.57 12.78 6.79

ii) Urban 26,617 1.31 1.31 0.00 31,489 2.45 2.45

iii) Industries 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

30 Indrawati

i) Rural 112,890 3.39 0.00 3.39 128,869 7.75 2.70 5.05

ii) Urban 11,988 0.60 0.60 0.00 15,224 1.13 1.13 0.00

iii) Industries 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 0.00

Sub-total 19,517,874 766.53 589.19 177.34 639.67 604.66 35.01 24,861,271 1904.70 1687.60 217.11 1529.17 1490.85 75.23

Total 46,091,997 1718.96 1269.44 449.05 860.88 825.69 35.19 57,464,707 3910.62 3263.99 650.94 2067.96 1834.19 267.68

Notes: 1 The water requirement at present is worked out @70 and @100 Litre per capita for Rural and Urban area; and in future is worked out @140 Litre per capita both

for rural as well as Urban 2 Industrial water requirement is considered as confirmed from department of industries 3 The present population is considered in 2011 as base year and is based on the estimates by MJP




Table: – 33 Status of Irrigation projects

Sr No.

SubBasin Project Status Diversion to other subbasin

Total Remarks

Project Category &Attribute Completed Ongoing

1 UPPER GODAVARI

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 25 4 29

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 3754.92 255.27 0 4010.19 2934.52 Mm3 (2028 for irrigation + 906 for drinking) water Below Jayakwadi Dam for Irrigation Purpose

b)Minor(State Sector & Local Sector)

i) No. 192 25 217

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 236.968 73.75 0 310.718

Total a+b

i)No. 217 29 0 246

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 3991.89 329.02 4320.91

2 PRAVARA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 3 1 4






Sr No.


Total Remarks

i) No. 57 4 61


Total a+b

i)No. 60 5 0 65


3 MULA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 2 0 2

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 676.07 0 676.07


i) No. 38 1 39


Total a+b

i)No. 40 1 0 41


4 Middle Godavari

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 12 4 16



i) No. 319 42 361




Sr No.


Total Remarks


Total a+b

i)No. 331 46 0 377


5 Manjra

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 7 4 0 11



i) No. 171 6 0 177


Total a+b

i)No. 178 10 0 188


6 TERNA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 3 1 0 4


b) Minor(State Sector & Local Sector)

i) No. 101 1 0 102





Sr No.


Total Remarks

Total a+b

i)No. 104 2 0 106


7 LENDI

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 3 1 0 4


b) Minor(State Sector & Local Sector)

i) No. 96 3 0 99


Total a+b

i)No. 99 4 0 103


8 MANAR

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 4 1 0 5



i) No. 211 14 225


Total a+b




Sr No.


Total Remarks

i)No. 215 15 0 230


9 DUDHANA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 5 1 0 6



i) No. 101 15 0 116


Total a+b

i)No. 106 16 0 122


10 PURNA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 9 2 0 11



i) No. 172 51 0 223


Total a+b

i)No. 181 53 0 234




Sr No.


Total Remarks


11 KAYADHU

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 1 0 1

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 0 4.21 194 198.21


i) No. 24 6 0 30


Total a+b

i)No. 24 7 0 31


12 (A) SUDHA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 0 0 0 0

b)Minor(State Sector & Local Sector) 0

i) No. 17 1 0 18


Total a+b

i)No. 17 1 0 18





Sr No.


Total Remarks

12(B) SUVARNA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0 0

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 0 0 0 0

b)Minor (State Sector & Local Sector) 0

i) No. 0 3 0 3


Total a+b

i)No. 0 3 0 3


13 PENGANGA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 10 4 0 14

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 161.94 2439.58 0 2601.52 Arunawati(172.26),Pus (85.74), & Middle Godavari (655) for Irrigation Purpose.


i) No. 434 71 0 505


Total a+b

i)No. 444 75 0 519





Sr No.


Total Remarks

14 PUS

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 2 0 0 2

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 170.85 0 0 170.85


i) No. 145 36 0 181


Total a+b

i)No. 147 36 0 183


15 ARUNAWATI

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 4 1 0 5



i) No. 85 81 0 166


Total a+b

i)No. 89 82 0 171

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3

414.162 163.033 0 577.195




Sr No.


Total Remarks

16 BEMBLA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 2 0 2

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 265.57 0 0 265.57 Diversion to Other Basin (215.44)


i) No. 61 7 68


Total a+b

i)No. 63 7 0 70


17 WARDHA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 4 11 15

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 299.57 608.17 0 907.74 Divertion to Other Basin (84)


i) No. 212 46 258


Total a+b

i)No. 216 57 0 273




Sr No.


Total Remarks


18 VENNA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 11 1 12

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 500.127 7.55 0 507.677 42.267Mm3 & 13.47Mm3 Water for Irrigation Purpose to Wardha

SubBasin, 12.43Mm3 for Andhari SubBasin for Irrigation

Purpose.(68.167)


i) No. 37 11 48


Total a+b

i)No. 48 12 0 60


19 IRAI

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 3 0 3



i) No. 23 0 23





Sr No.


Total Remarks

Total a+b

i)No. 26 0 0 26


20 ANDHARI

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 2 1 3

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 115.70 319.60 0 435.3 Diversion to other Basin (20)


i) No. 202 20 222


Total a+b

i)No. 204 21 0 225


21 NAAG

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 2 0 2

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 0 0 0


i) No. 31 0 31


Total a+b




Sr No.


Total Remarks

i)No. 33 0 0 33


22 KOLAR

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 3 0 3



i) No. 53 5 58


Total a+b

i)No. 56 5 0 61


23 KANHAN

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 1 2 3

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 23.44 231.78 255.22 160Mm3 Proposed for Future Project of Kolar & Wardha Sub

Basin


i) No. 127 9 136


Total a+b




Sr No.


Total Remarks

i)No. 128 11 0 139


24 PENCH

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 4 0 4

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 893 0 893 Water is Diverted To Kanhan(561.00)SubBasin & Wainganga

sub basin (199) for Irrigation Purpose.(832)


i) No. 52 1 53


Total a+b

i)No. 56 1 0 57


25 WAINGANGA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 12 19 31

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 1866.05 869.233 2735.28 Diversion to ANDHARI subBasin for |Irrigation

Purpose(199.528)


i) No. 637 24 661




Sr No.


Total Remarks


Total a+b

i)No. 649 43 0 692


26 BAGH

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 9 1 0 10



i) No. 286 33 0 319


Total a+b

i)No. 295 34 0 329


27 GADHAVI

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 1 0 1

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 349.057 0 349.057 Diversion to Wainganga Sub- Basin (172.22) for Irrigation Purpose.


i) No. 219 8 0 227




Sr No.


Total Remarks


Total a+b

i)No. 220 8 0 228


28 KHOBRAGADI

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 1 1

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 0 268.502 268.502 Diversion to Wainganga Sub- Basin (90.77) for Irrigation Purpose.


i) No. 1 2 3


Total a+b

i)No. 1 3 0 4


PRANHITA

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 1 4 5




Sr No.


Total Remarks

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 79.89 82.13 162.02 Diversion to Wainganga Sub- Basin (72.63) for

Irrigation Purpose.


i) No. 8 0 8


Total a+b

i)No. 9 4 0 13


30 INDRAWATI

a) Major & Medium

i) No. 0 0 0

ii) Irrigation Use in Mm3 0 0 0


i) No. 12 2 14


Total a+b

i)No. 12 2 0 14


Vidharbha TOTAL

a) Major & Medium

No. of Projects 71 45 116




Sr No.


Total Remarks


b)Minor(State Sector & Local Sector) No. of Projects 2625 356 2981


Total Godavari

1) No. of Proj.Major & Medium 144 65 0 209 Irrigation Use in Mm3 12038.7 7244.93 174 19457.6

2) No. of Proj. Minor Irrigation (State & Local sector)

4124 528 0 4652

Irrigation Use in Mm3 3838.6 1005.01 0 4843.61

Total No. of Project (1+2) 4268 593 0 4861

Total Irrigation Use (1+2) 15877.3 8249.94 174 24127.25

Note: Irrigation use in the sub basin is only considered. The water imported from other sub basins is not considered




Region wise abstract of Irrigation use

Unit in Mm3

Sr. no.

Regio n Particular Major and Medium Projects (IP>2000 Ha)

State sector and Local sector projects

(IP<2000 Ha)

Total (4+6)

Total (5+7)

No. of Projects

Irrigation use

No. of Projects

Irrigation use

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 North Maharashtra Completed Projects 30 4935.824 287 461.923 317 5397.747 Ongoing 5 581.33 30 91.71 35 673.04 Total 35 5517.154 317 553.633 352 6070.787 2 Marathwada Region Completed Projects 46 1624.281 1366 1645.753 1412 3270.034 Ongoing 17 2833.201 161 295.133 178 3128.334 Total 63 4457.482 1527 1940.886 1590 6398.368 3 Vidharbha Region Completed Projects 68 5478.602 2471 1730.924 2539 7209.526 Ongoing 43 3830.395 337 618.17 380 4448.565 Total 111 9308.997 2808 2349.094 2919 11658.091 Total 1+2+3 209 19283.63 4652 4843.61 4861 24127.25

Note: Export of water to other sub basins is considered in the above table




10.1.9 Annex-II: 10.1.9.1 Godavari Basin upto Paithan Dam

[Upper Godavari, Pravara and Mula Sub-Basin]

Upper Godavari Includes the entire catchment of the Godavari river from its source to Paithan dam including the catchment area of the Pravara river, Mula river and that of all tributaries which falls into the Godavari river in this reach. Total geographical area of this sub-basin is 21774 sqkm. Mula, Pravara, Kadwa, Darana, Kadava, Shivna etc. are main tributaries in this sub-basin upstream of Paithan dam.

Water allocation for Upper Godavari Basin (GWDT Awa rd) :

Catchment area u/s of the Paithan dam site on Godavari : All the water available up to Paithan dam site is allotted to Maharashtra for its use.

Upper Godavari Basin Water Balance :

The Upper Godavari Basin is divided in three sub-basins.

1 Upper Godavari Sub-Basin. (Darna, Gangapur and Palkhed Complex up to Jayakwadi)

2) Mula Sub-Basin. (Mandohal, Mula up to Pravara River Confluence)

3) Pravara Sub-Basin. ( Bhandardara, Nilwande, Adhala, Bhojapur up to Jayakwadi )

To prepare a long term integrated plan for the development of the basin’s surface and ground water resources the above said sub-basins are clubbed together and named as "Upper Godavari Basin (up to Paithan Dam)" to workout water balance.

Upper Godavari Basin yield and Plan Utilizations :

The CDO, Nashik had taken the simulation study as directed by Government of Maharashtra, the details of upstream utilizations of all major, medium and minor projects were obtained from field officials. The upstream utilizations have gone up from 3270 Mcum to 4277 Mcum (151 TMC). It is mainly due to planning of large number of medium and minor projects in the catchment. The data presented by GMIDC to Godavari Study Group indicates that the upstream utilizations has further gone up to 4556.12 MCM (160.89 TMC).

75% dependable yield is worked out and is as follows.

(1. Upper Godavari sub basin – 4112 Mm3, 2 – Mula sub basin -785 Mm3 and Pravara sub basin -876 Mm3 = Total 5773 Mm3)

The yield is vetted by Hydrology Project, Nashik and from that a combined yield series of Upper Godavari Basin (upto Paithan Dam) is worked out water availability which comes to 5837 Mm3..




A] Completed and ongoing projects (Major and Medium )

Sr.No

Name of Project

Administrative Approval Date

MWRRA Approval Date

Annual Planned Water Use in MCM (As per sanction)

Irrigation + Evaporation

Drinking Industrial Other Export to other Sub-Basin

Total (6+7+8+9

+10)

Remark

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

A Completed Projects

I Upper Godavari Sub-basin

1726.92 197.181 3.04 0 2934.52 4861.67

II Pravara Sub-basin

504.83 2.58 0 0 0 507.41

III Mula Sub -basin

676.07 17.56 27.44 0 36.00 757.07

Total Completed Projects 2907.82 217.32 30.48 0 2970.52 6126.15

B Ongoing Projects

I Upper Godavari Sub-basin

255.27 69.14 0 0 0 324.41

II Pravara Sub -basin

326.06 0 0 0 0 326.06

III Mula Sub -basin

0 0 0 0 0 0

Total Ongoing Projects 581.33 69.14 0 0 0 650.47

Total Completed and Ongoing Projects

3489.15 286.46 30.48 0 2970.52 6776.62




B] Proposed future projects (Irrigation Potential > 2000 Ha.)

As water utilisation is much more than available yield, it is not possible to construct future projects in Upper Godavari basin.

C] Water Use from River (As per GSG Report)

Sanctioned water use ( Kharif use ) from Mula, Pravara, Adhala, Godavari river and Gangapur Dam, Kadva, Darna, Palkhed and Tisgaon river and reservoirs is 137.68 Mm3. The water use shown above is over and above sanctioned project use. This will have to be restricted within sanctioned projected use.

D] Completed and ongoing projects (Irrigation Poten tial < 2000 Ha.)

Sr. No.

Particulars No. of Projects

Water Use (MCM) Total Annual Water Use (MCM)

Irrigation + Evp.

Drinking Industrial

I Upper Godavari Sub -Basin 1 State Level Projects 90 251.148 9.384 0 260.532 2 Local Sectors Projects 127 59.569 0.51 0 60.079

Total Upper Godavari Sub-Basin

217 310.72 9.894 0 320.611

II Pravara Sub -Basin 1 State Level Projects 25 81.87 0 0 81.87 2 Local Sectors Projects 36 33.785 0 0 33.785

Total Pravara Sub -Basin

61 115.66 0 0 115.66

III Mula Sub -Basin 1 State Level Projects 39 127.26 0 0 127.26 2 Local Sectors Projects

( as per GSG Report) 0 0 0 0 0

Total Mula Sub -Basin 39 127.26 0 0 127.26 Grand Total 317 553.632 9.894 0 563.53

E] Proposed future projects (Irrigation Potential < 2000 Ha.)

As no water is available in the sub-basin no project is proposed in the sub-basin

Total water use (A+B+C+D+E) = 6776.62+0+137.68+563. 53 = 7477.83 Mm3




Table 10-14: Surface Water Balance - Abstract (MCM)

Sr. No.

Particulars Water in MCM

A Water Availability 1 Surface Water ( As per 75% Dependable yield or

Tribunal Award) 5837

B Total Water Use of Sub -Basin 7477.83 C Water Ava ilable for Future Planning (A - B) - 1640.83 Note : Sanctioned utilisation of water is much more than available yield. Hence no water is available for future projects and equitable distribution among dams is required to be done as per orders of MWRRA and Hon'ble High Court Bombay.

Proposed Water Diversion Schemes.

Schemes for water diversion from west flowing rivers to Godavari valley can be taken to reduce short fall in the basin. Some of them are Kapewadi, Kalmuste, Amboli Veluje, Damanganga, Vaitarana and Alwandi, Hiwra and Samrad, Mula sub basin. There are about 19 diversion schemes to be diverted water from West flowing rivers, through lift and gravity i.e. about 698.57 Mm3 (24.66 TMC) can be diverted through these schemes. Some more lift schemes can be planned in future. As there is huge shortage in Upper Godavari; even after diversion of water, there will be no scope for future projects on upstream side of Jayakwadi project.

No new Project in Upper Godavari Basin :

Govt. of Maharashtra, Water Resources Department has taken a decision that no new projects shall be taken in upstream of Jayakwadi dam vide Govt. letter no. Misc.2004/4_JB/(18/4) WRI, dt. 6th September 2004.

As total planned utilisation upstream of Jayakwadi is much more than 75 % dependable yield of that sub-basin, there will be deficit in the sub-basin in most of the year.

Therefore every year, integrated operation of upstream reservoir should be done in monsoon period such that, approximate equitable distribution of water will be made among various reservoirs upstream of Jayakwadi.

Equitable Distribution of Water in Sub-Basin/Basin :

The methodology is given by MWRRA and confirmed by Hon'ble High Court Bombay. Every year, this procedure is required to be followed by upstream dams in monsoon period, so that required minimum live storage is achieved in Jayakwadi reservoir.

There is no scope for future projects in Upper Godavari Basin.




10.1.9.2 Note on Middle Godavari basin

The Middle Godavari consists Of the area of Godavari basin below Paithan dam site on the Godavari,below Siddheshwar dam site on the Purna, below Nizamsagar dam site on the Manjra and up to Pochampad dam site on the Godavari.

1.0 Middle Godavari basin includes following sub basins: 1. Remaining Middle Godavari (Including Sindphana). 2. Dudhana 3. Purna (Below Siddheshwar dam). 4. Lendi 5. Manar 6. Sudha

In Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal report (1979), it is mentioned that- ‘ From the water in the area of Godavari basin below Paithan dam site on the Godavari and below Siddheshwar dam site on the Purna and below Nizamsagar dam site on the Manjra and up to Pochampad dam site on the Godavari, Maharashtra can utilize water not exceeding 60 TMC for new projects including any additional use over and above the present sanctioned or cleared utilization, as the case may be.’

The water utilization sanctioned in the Middle Godavari prior to the award i.e. before dt.6.10.75 was 42 TMC. So total 42+60 =102 TMC (2888 Mm3) water has been allotted to use in Middle Godavari basin in a water year.

The term Water Year is used in Para.C,D and E (P.No. 25& 26) of chapter VII of ‘Further Report of The Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal Under Section 5 (3) of the Inter- State Water Disputes Act, 1956’.

In Para. C it is mentioned that-‘ the water stored in any reservoir across any stream of the Godavari river system shall not of itself be reckoned as depletion of the water of the stream except to the extent of the losses of water from evaporation and other natural causes from such reservoir. The water diverted from such reservoir by any state for its own use in any water year shall be reckoned as use by that state in that water year.’

In Para. D it is mentioned that – ‘If in any water year any state is not able to use any portion of the water allocated to it during that year on account of the non-development of its projects or damage to any of its projects or does not use it for any reason whatsoever that state will not be entitled to claim the un-utilized water in any subsequent water year.’

From these paragraphs, it is clear that the water allotted by the tribunal in the basin is for use in every water year.

As per the provision with regard to measurement of water uses, in chapter no. 4 (p.No.33) of ‘Further Report of The Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal Under Section 5 (3) of the Inter- State Water Disputes Act, 1956’, for Domestic and municipal water supply within the basin, 20% of the quantity of water diverted or lifted from the river or any or any of its tributaries or from any reservoir, storage or canal should be measured. And for industrial use within the basin, 2.5% of the quantity of water diverted or lifted




from the river or any or any of its tributaries or from any reservoir, storage or canal should be measured.

As per the above provision, consumptive water utilization is taken for water accounting purpose, considering 100% of total water utilization for irrigation purpose, 20% of total water utilization for domestic purpose and 2.50%of total utilization for industrial purpose.

It is observed that generally in the U/S side of the Dams, sanctioned water utilisation is more than 75% dependable yield available at that location. After looking at actual utilisation of those projects, it is seen that, in most of the years, water utilisation is less than sanctioned use, because of non availability of yield. Therefore it is proposed to limit actual use to 75% dependable yield.Surplus water is available below these dams, where less water utilisation is done. Therefore total water utilisation is considered as 75 % dependable yield up to existing dams plus actual sanctioned utilisation below these dams.

The details of available yield, water allotted by Tribunal, sanctioned water utilization and balance water for future projects are shown in following table.

2.0 Abstract of Sub-basin wise revised proposed water utilization

S.N.

Sub basin 75 %

Dependable Yield

Bifurcation of

Water allotted as

per Tribunal limit of 102 TMC

Water Utilisation

as per actual

sanctioned use

Proposed sanctioned water

Utilization for water Accountin

g (Restricted to 75%

yield)

Sanctioned consumptiv

e water utilisation

Proposed consumptiv

e water Utilization for water

Accounting (Restricted

to 75% yield)

Water Propose

d for Future

Projects

In which part of sub basin

water is available

for future

Projects

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Remaining Middle Godavari

i) Upto Majalgaon Dam including Loni Sawangi and Enroutes

375 404 375 344 344 Nil

ii) Upto Vishnupuri project.

1330+ 169+ 323=

1822

920 920 840 840

iii) Below Vishnupuri project.

523 144 144 135 135

Total Remaining Middle Godavari

2720 1826 1468 1439 1319 1319 *507 (1826-1319)

Below Majalgaon Dam & below Loni Savangi Barrage upto State border




S.N.

Sub basin 75 %

Dependable Yield

Bifurcation of

Water allotted as

per Tribunal limit of 102 TMC

Water Utilisation

as per actual

sanctioned use

Proposed sanctioned water

Utilization for water Accountin

g (Restricted to 75%

yield)

Sanctioned consumptiv

e water utilisation

Proposed consumptiv

e water Utilization for water

Accounting (Restricted

to 75% yield)

Water Propose

d for Future

Projects

In which part of sub basin

water is available

for future

Projects

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2 Dudhana

i) Upto Lower Dudhana Project

288 504 288 476 288 Nil

ii) Below Lower Dudhana Project

110 30 30 29 29

Total Dudhana

398 368 534 318 505 317 51 Below Lower Dudhana

3 Purna (Below Siddheshwar dam)

681 190 70 70 66 66 124 Below Siddheshwar dam

4 Lendi

i) Up to Lendi Project

162

(Excluding Telanganga share of 68 Mm3)

250 162 232 162 Nil

ii) Below Lendi Project

86 34 33 29 29

Total Lendi 248 212 284 195 261 191 21 Below Lendi Project

5 Manar i) Up to

Lower Manar

158 477 158 448 158 Nil

ii) Below Lower Manar

89 101 89 98 89 Nil

Total Manar 247 247 578 247 546 247 Nil

6 Sudha 97 45 30 30 28 28 17 In the sub basin

Total 4391 2888 2964 2299 2725 2168 720

155.07 TMC

102 TMC

104.67 TMC

81.19 TMC

96.23 TMC

76.56 TMC

25.44 TMC

As shown in above table, the total yield available in Middle Godavari basin is 4391 Mm3 and the total consumptive use proposed is 2168 Mm3. So the balance yield available is 2223 Mm3 (4391-2168). But within the tribunal limit of 102 TMC (2888 Mm3) water allotted for Maharashtra in Middle Godavari, 720 Mm3 (2888-2168) of water is proposed for future projects in the parts of sub-basin as shown in the above table.




3.0 As per Godavari Tribunal Award 102 TMC water is allotted to use in a water year in Middle Godavari basin and projects in sub basins i.e. remaining Middle Godavari (including Sindphana), Dudhana, Purna below Siddheshwar, Manar, Lendi and Sudha etc. are sanctioned accordingly. The following facts about the Tribunal allotment of 102 TMC (2888 Mm3) andtotal water utilization of projects in Middle Godavari against the allotment are as given below: Short Note on yield available, allocations made by GDDT and sanctioned water use in Purna Sub Basin (Above Siddheshwar Dam),Penganga S ub-Basin ( upto Upper Penganga Project), Suvarna and Kayadhu Sub basins of Godavar i Basin Sr. No.

Purna Sub BasinAbove Siddheshwar

Dam.

Penganga Sub-Basin upto Upper Penganga

Project

Suvarna Sub basin

Kayadhu Sub Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Origin The Purna river rises in the Ajanta ranges of hills in Auragabad district.This Sub Basin covers six Districts viz. Aurangabad, Jalna, Parbhani, Hingoli, Buldhana & Washim.

It originates in local-hills off shoots of Ajantha mountain ranges.

The Suvarna sub basin consists of the area of 24 villages of Kinwat taluka of Nanded district spreading upto Maharashtra Telangana border.

It originates in local-hills off shoots of Ajantha mountain ranges in Washim District at Kankarwadi and Joins Penganga river near Unchegaon Tal:- Hadgaon Dist:- Nanded.

2 Decision as per GWDT report (1979)

‘ Maharashtra can use for their beneficial use all waters up to Paithan dam site on the Godavari and up to Siddheshwar dam site on Purna.’

A) The state of Maharashtra can use all the water up to – i) Lower Pengaga Project site near chikal Wardha on Penganga river, Lat. 190 55' N and Long. 75015'E subject to the condition that the Lower Penganga project would be taken up as a joint Project. The details of the joint project

The State of Maharashtra can use a quantity of 0.4 TMC of water in the Middle Godavari sub- basin for the existing, under construction and proposed projects/schemes downstream of the Pochampad Dam. ”

There are no restrictions imposed by GWDT for use of Surface and Ground water. There are no restrictions laid for trans-basin diversions. Water allocation as per Tribunal Award is 100%.




Sr. No.


Dam.


Project

Suvarna Sub basin

Kayadhu Sub Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6

will be negotiated separately by the states of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. ’’

3 Total yield available in Sub Basin ( 75 % dependability) / Water allocated by GWDT Report (1979)

Total yield upto Siddheshwar dam with 75% dependability is 1148.00 Mm3.

The total yield upto Upper Penganga project (Isapur Dam) with 75 %dependability is 997.26 Mm3.

The total yield with 75 %dependability is 74.0 Mm3. and water allocated by Tribunal Award is 11.32 Mm3.

Total yield 75% dependability is 332.89 Mm3 (As per CE, Hydrology, Nashik).

4 Water Utilisation (Sanctioned)

The total sanctioned water utilization (projected) above Siddheshwar dam is 1399.65 Mm3 and available yield up to Siddheshwar is 1148 Mm3.

Sanction water utilization (projected) upto upper Penganga project (Isapur Dam) is 1369.38 Mm3.

Total sanctioned water utilization is 1.43 Mm3

The total sanctioned water utilization is 247.93 Mm3.

5 Water available for future Projects.

There is no water available (balance yield) above Siddheshwar dam, for future projects.

Sanction water utilization is much more than the available water (Yield) upto upper Penganga project. Hence There is no water available (balance yield) above Upper Penganga Project, for future projects. However study may be done to have some projects below

9.89 Mm3 water is available in Suvarna Sub basin.

333-248= 85 Mm3 water is available in Kayadhu Sub basin for future Projects.




Sr. No.


Dam.


Project

Suvarna Sub basin

Kayadhu Sub Basin

1 2 3 4 5 6

Upper Penganga project.

6 As per provision in MWRRA Act 2005

On upstream of Siddheshwar Dam, sanctioned utilization is more than available yield. So, as per the provision made in MWRRA Act 2005, integrated operation of upstream reservoirs will have to be made during monsoon season, such that, approximate equitable distribution of water will be achieved in all reservoirs. And minimum required live storage will be achieved in tail end reservoir, i.e. Yeldari and Siddheshwar Dam.

As per the provision made in MWRRA Act 2005, integrated operation of upstream reservoirs will have to be made during monsoon season, such that, approximate equitable distribution of water will be achieved in all reservoirs. And minimum required live storage will be achieved in tail end reservoirs, i.e.Isapur dam of Upper Penganga Project.




10.1.10 Annex-III Manjra-Terna sub basin The Manjra River raises in the Balaghat ranges of hills in Bhir district of Maharashtra. The river flows through Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andra Pradesh. Terna is one of the main tributaries of Manjra River.

In Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal report (1979), it is mentioned that- 'In the Manjra sub-basin above Nizamsagar dam site, Maharas htra can utilize waters not exceeding 22 TMC for new projects including any add itional use over and above the present sanctioned or cleared utilization as th e case may be.'

The Manjra sub-basin is further divided into two parts-1) Manjra sub-basin and 2) Terna sub-basin. The total existing sanctioned utilization in Manjra-Terna basin before the Tribunal Award was 8.0 TMC. Therefore, as per Tribunal Award, Maharashtra can use Total 30 TMC (22+8) water in Manjra-Terna basin. Within this limit of 30 TMC (849 Mm3) water allotted in the sub-basin by the Tribunal Award, 623 Mm3 water utilization is considered for Manjra sub-basin and 226 Mm3 water utilization is considered for Terna sub-basin.

Within this limit of Tribunal Award, the details of yield available, actual water utilization sanctioned and balance water (yield) for future projects in Manjra-Terna sub-basin, is given below.

A) Manjra sub-basin

The hydrology of the sub-basin has been vetted by the Chief Engineer, Planning & Hydrology, Nashik and according to the Study, the sub-basin is divided into following three groups.

Sr. No.

Group Yield with 75% dependability(Mm 3)

1 I st Reach Origin to ManjraDam 182.15 2 II nd Reach

Manjra Dam to Khulgapur Barrage 282.31

3 III rd Reach from Khulgapur Barrage to TakliR.G.Station 293.65 Total: 758

The actual sanctioned utilization in each group is given as follows. It is seen that in group No.1, the yield available is 182 Mm3, whereas the actual sanctioned utilization (Consumptive) through State Irrigation Projects is 269 Mm3. It means that the sanctioned utilization is more than the yield available in the group.As such, the sanctioned utilization is proposed to restrict up to the yield available in group No.1.i.e.182 Mm3. In group No. 2 & 3, available yields are 282 Mm3 and 293 Mm3 respectively and sanctioned State sector utilizations (Consumptive) are 132 Mm3 and 249 Mm3 respectively. That means that the sanctioned utilizations are less than the yields available in group No. 2 & 3. So there is balance yield available in group No. 2 & 3. Within the limit of GWDT award water availability is as given in the following table.




Manjra Sub Basin

Sr. No. Reach

Yield (75%) (Mm3)

Actual sanctioned Utilization

(Mm3)

Actual sanctioned Utilization

Restricted to 75 %

dependable Yield

Consump-tive Water Utilization

Proposed for water account

(Resricted to 75%

dependable Yield.) ( Mm3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 I st Reach Origin to

Manjra Dam 182.150 327.025 182.150 269.062 182.150

2 II nd Reach Manjra Dam to Khulgapur Barrage

282.310 145.854 145.854 131.964 131.964

3 III rd Reach from Khulgapur Barrage to Takli R.G. Station

293.650 273.422 273.422 248.678 248.678

4 Total:State Sector 758.110 746.301 601.426 649.704 562.792

5 Add Local Sector 31.070 31.070 31.070 31.070 6 Total S.S.+L.S. 777.371 632.496 680.774 593.862 7 Water available as per

GWDT Award 623.000 623.000 623.000 623.000

8 Water available for use as per revised proposal.

-- --

--

29.138 (623.00 -593.862)

From above calculations, it is concluded that 29 Mm3 water is available in group No. II & III i.e. below Manjra Dam in Manjra sub-basin.

B) Terna Sub-basin

The hydrology of the sub-basin has been vetted by the Chief Engineer, Planning & Hydrology, Nashik and according to the Study, the sub-basins is divided into following three groups.

Sr. No.

Group Yield with 75% dependability(Mm 3)

1 2 3

1 I st Reach Origin to Terna Medium Project 49.653

2 II nd Reach Terna Medium Project to Lower Terna Project.

104.208

3 III rd Reach Lower Terna Project to Aurad 118.411

Total: 272.272

The actual sanctioned utilization in each group is given as follows. It is seen that in group No.1, the yield available is 49.65 Mm3, whereas the actual sanctioned utilization (consumptive) through State Sector Projects is 39.95 Mm3. It means the sanctioned




utilization is less than the yield available in the group. In the group No. 2. sanctioned water utilization (consumptive) of state projects is 191.55 Mm3 that is more than yield available (104.208 Mm3) in that group. So, the sanctioned utilization is proposed to be restricted to the yield available. In group No.3, the yield available is 118.41 Mm3 whereas sanctioned utilization (consumptive) of State sector projects is 64.246 Mm3 which is less than the available yield in that group. Within the limit of GWDT award water availability is as given in the following table.

Terna Sub Basin

Sr. No. Reach

Yield (75%) (Mm3)

Actual sanctioned Utilization (Mm3)

Actual sanctioned Utilization Restricted to 75 % dependable Yield

Consump-tive Water Utilization

Proposed for water account (Resricted to 75% dependable Yield.) ( Mm3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 I st Reach origin to

Terna Medium Project

49.653 47.164 47.164 39.950 39.950

2 II nd Reach Terna Medium Project to Lower Terna Project

104.208 204.590 104.208 191.550 104.208

3 III rd Reach Lower Terna Project to Aurad GDS

118.411 68.038 68.038 64.246 64.246

4 Total:State Sector 272.272 319.792 219.41 295.746 208.404

5 Add Local Sector Projects

22.190 22.190 22.190 22.190

6 Total S.S.+L.S. 341.982 241.600 317.936 230.594 7 Water available as

per GWDT Award 226.000 226.000 226.000 226.000

8 Water available for use as per revised proposal.

-- --

--

Nil (226.00 -230.594)

From above calculations, it is clear that no water is available in Terna sub basin for future projects. But 29 Mm3 water is available for future projects in Manjra sub-basin on D/S side of Manjra Project. But this water will have to be used very cautiously for future projects. In case of good rainfall year some restrictions will have to be imposed on use of water in upper reaches, so that there will be no violation of Tribunal award. On upstream of Manjra and Terna Projects, sanctioned utilization is more than available yield. So, as per the provision made in MWRRA Act 2005, integrated operation of upstream reservoirs will have to be made during monsoon season, such that, approximate equitable distribution of water will be achieved in all reservoirs and minimum required live storage will be achieved in tail end reservoirs, i.e. Manjra and Terna Projects.




10.1.11 Annex-IV: Groundwater Balance Groundwater Balance in Godavari Basin

The calculations of Net groundwater are based on the Groundwater Assessment Report GEC - 97 2011-12 for all the 30 sub basins of Godavari Basin. The water balance of Godavari Basin is presented in four parts.

2.1 Godavari upto Paithan Dam – Includes Upper Godavari, Pravara and Mula sub basins. The groundwater availability (70% of net) is 1893 mm3. Present use is 2084 mm3. The use of ground water is in an excess (-191 Mm3) than availability. There is no scope for the constructions of new Dug wells/ bored wells (Table - 14. G.1).

2.2 Middle Godavari – Jaikwadi Dam to State boundary - consists of Middle Godavari, Manjra, Terna, Lendi, Manar, Dudhna, Purna and Sudha- Suwarna sub basins. Total groundwater availability (70% of Net groundwater) is 4507 mm3. Total use is 3472 mm3 - and groundwater for use is 1035 mm3. 69,000 new wells can be constructed. (Table - 14. G.2)

2.3 Godavari in Wardha - This part consists of a. Penganga and b. Wardha sub basins.

a. Penganga Sub basin - consists of Kayadhu, Penganga, Pus and Arunavati. The total availability of groundwater is 1770 mm3 and total use is 836 mm3. The groundwater in balance is 934 mm3. 62,267 new wells can be taken up (Table - 14. G.3).

b. Wardha sub basin - consists of Bembla, Wardha, Venna and Erai. Total availability of groundwater is 1792 mm3 and present use is 1092 mm3.Groundwater in balance is 700 mm3. There is a scope for construction of 46,667 new wells. (Table - 14. G.4)

2.4 Godavari Basin in Wainganga - consists of Andhari, Nag, Kolar, Kanhan, Pench, Wainganga, Bagh, Gadhvi, Khobragadi, Pranhita and Indravati. Total availability of groundwater is 2287 mm3 and present use is 975 mm3. The groundwater in balance is 1312 mm3. There is a scope for construction of 87,467 dug wells (Table - 14. G.5).

The groundwater availability in 30 sub basins of Godavari basin is 12249 mm3. The present total use is 8459 mm3 and groundwater in balance is 3790 mm3. There is scope for construction of 2,52,667 new wells (Table - 14. G.6). Note :- 0.015 mm3 = 1 well – yield of one well is taken as 15,000 m3.




Table -10. GW 1 - Groundwater Water Balance of Godavari upto Paithan

Unit : Mm3 S.N. Sub

Basin Present Status Status by 2 030

Availability of GW (GEC 97) 2011

Planned Use Balance Water

Availability of GW

(GEC 97) 2011

Planned Use Balance GW

Net GW

70% of Net GW

Domestic Industrial Irrigation Total Net GW

70% of Net GW

Domestic Industrial Irrigation Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Upper Godavari

2024 1417 42 0 1450 1492 -75 2024 1417 62 0 1355 1417 0

2 Pravara 432 302 12 0 420 432 -130 432 302 17 0 285 302 0

3 Mula 248 174 5 0 155 160 14 248 174 5 0 169 174 0

Total 2704 1893 59 0 2025 2084 -191 2704 1893 84 0 1809 1893 0




Table -10. GW 2 Groundwater Water Balance of Middle Godavari - Jayakwadi Dam (Paithan) to State Boundary

S. N.

Sub Basin

Present Status Status by 2030 Availability

of GW (GEC 97)

2011


Availability of GW

(GEC 97) 2011


Net GW

70% of Net GW


70% of Net GW


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Middle Godavari

2526 1768 87 0 1085 1172 596 2526 1768 173 0 1595 1768 0

2 Manjra 860 602 20 0 589 609 -7 860 602 33 0 563 596 0

3 Terna 383 268 14 0 308 322 -54 383 268 21 0 247 268 0

4 Lendi 202 141 10 0 77 87 54 202 141 16 0 125 141 0

5 Manar 331 232 17 0 90 107 125 331 232 27 0 200 227 0

6 Dudhana 629 440 36 0 356 392 48 629 440 43 0 397 440 0

7 Purna 1409 986 22 0 736 758 228 1409 986 36 0 950 986 0

8 Sudha 72 50 1 0 19 20 30 72 50 2 0 48 50 0

9 Swarna 26 18 1 0 4 5 14 26 18 1 0 17 18 0

Total 6438 4505 208 0 3264 3472 1033 6438 4505 352 0 4153 4505 0

Total 9142 6398 2679 0 5289 5556 842 9142 6398 436 0 5962 6398 0




Table -10. GW 3 Groundwater Water Balance of Godavari in Wardha - a. Penganga

Unit : Mm3

S.N.

Sub Basin

Present Status Status by 2030 Availability

of GW (GEC 97)

2011


Availability of GW

(GEC 97) 2011


Net GW

70% of Net GW

Domestic

Industrial

Irrigation

Total

Net GW

70% of Net GW

Domestic

Industrial

Irrigation

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Kayadhu 360 252 11 0 145 156 96 360 252 14 0 230 244 0

2 Penganga

1455

1019

61 0 438 499 519 1455

1019

77 0 941 1018

0

3 Pus 187 131 3 0 51 54 77 187 131 4 0 127 131 0

4 Arunawati

527 369 10 0 117 127 242 527 369 8 0 361 369 0

Total 2529

1771

85 0 751 836 935 2529

1771

103 0 1668 1771

0




Table -10. GW 4 Groundwater Water Balance of Godavari in Wardha - b. Wardha

S.N. Sub Basin

Present Status Status by 2030

Availability of GWater

(GEC 97) 2011


Availability of GW

(GEC 97) 2011


Net GW

70% of Net GW


70% of Net GW


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Bembla 314 220 0 23 107 130 90 314 220 0 38 181 219 0

2 Wardha 1449 1014 0 9 669 678 336 1449 1014 0 37 977 1014 0

3 Venna 686 480 0 0 268 268 212 686 480 0 0 480 480 0

4 Erai 111 78 13 0 3 16 62 111 78 24 0 54 78 0

Total 2560 1792 13 32 1047 1092 700 2560 1792 24 75 1693 1792 0




Table -10. GW 5 Groundwater Water Balance - Godavari in Wainganga

Unit : Mm3 S. N.

Sub Basin Present Status Status by 2030

Availability of GW

(GEC 97) 2011


Availability of GW

(GEC 97) 2011


Net GW

70% of Net GW


70% of Net GW


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Andhari 371 260 0 0 57 57 203 371 260 0 3 257 260 0

2 Nag 106 74 10 0 40 50 24 106 74 9 0 65 74 0

3 Kolar 132 92 4 0 104 108 -16 132 92 8 0 84 92 0

4 Kanhan 201 141 6 0 82 88 53 201 141 11 0 129 141 0

5 Pench 35 25 1 0 8 9 16 35 25 2 0 22 25 0

6 Wainganga 1408 986 57 3 371 431 555 1408 986 57 0 929 986 0

7 Bagh 242 169 6 0 58 64 105 242 169 8 0 161 169 0

8 Gadhavi 180 126 2 0 30 32 94 180 126 3 0 123 126 0

9 Khobragadi 139 97 3 0 45 48 49 139 97 3 0 94 97 0

10 Pranhita 252 176 6 0 53 59 117 252 176 7 4 165 176 0

11 Indravati 201 141 4 0 25 29 112 201 141 5 0 136 141 0

Total 3267 2287 99 3 873 975 1312 3267 2287 113 7 2166 2287 0




Table 10. GW 6 Groundwater Water Balance of Godavari Basin in Maharashtra

Unit : Mm3

S.N Sub Basin Sub Basin

Present Status Status by 2030

Availability of GW

(GEC 97) 2011


Availability of GW

(GEC 97) 2011


Net GW

70% of Net GW

Dom-estic

Ind-ustrial

Irrig-ation

Total Net GW

70% of Net GW

Dom- estic

Ind-ustrial

Irrig-ation

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 0 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1 Upper Godavari upto Paithan Dam

3 2704 1893 59 0 2025 2084 -191 2704 1893 84 0 1809 1893 0

2 Middle Godavari (Remainig Godavari sub basin - upto State Boundary)

8 6438 4505 208 0 3264 3472 1033 6438 4505 352 0 4153 4505 0

Total 11 9142 6398 267 0 5289 5556 842 9142 6398 436 0 5962 6398 0

3 Penganga 4 2529 1771 85 0 751 836 935 2529 1771 103 0 1668 1771 0

4 Wardha 5 2560 1792 13 32 1047 1092 700 2560 1792 24 75 1693 1792 0

Total Godavari in Wardha

9 5089 3563 98 32 1798 1928 1635 5089 3563 127 75 3361 3563 0

5 Wainganga 10 3267 2287 103 3 873 975 1312 3267 2287 113 7 2167 2287 0

Grand Total 30 17498 12248 464 35 7960 8459 3790 17498 12248 676 82 11490 12248 0




Scope for Groundwater Development in the sub basins of Godavari Basin

There are 807 watersheds in the Godavari Basin. Out of 807, 49 watersheds are semi critical, one watershed is critical and 31 watersheds are over exploited, thus the total comes 81 watersheds. There is no scope for groundwater development. There are 726 safe watersheds and there is scope for groundwater development in these watersheds. Further out of 30 sub basins, all the watersheds of 17 sub basins are in safe category and there is scope for groundwater development.

North Maharashtra:-

In Upper Godavari sub basin, out of 72, in 24 watersheds, there is no scope for groundwater development. In Pravara sub basin out of 17, in 13 watersheds there is no scope for groundwater development. In Mula sub basin out of 12 watersheds there is no scope for groundwater development in 3 watersheds.

Marathwada region:-

In Middle Godavari sub basin there is a scope for groundwater development in 79 watersheds and no scope in 3 watersheds. In Manjra sub basin there is scope for groundwater development in 30 watersheds and no scope in 7 watersheds. In Terna sub basin there is scope for groundwater development in 7 watersheds and no scope in 9 watersheds. In Dudhna sub basin there is a scope for groundwater development in 33 watersheds and no scope in 5 watersheds. In Purna sub basin there is a scope for groundwater development in 64 watersheds and no scope in 4 watersheds. In Manar, Lendi and Kayadhu sub basins there is a scope for groundwater development in all watersheds.

Amravati region:-

In Amravati region out of 174 watersheds, there is scope for groundwater development in 163 watersheds and no scope for 11 watersheds.

Nagpur region:-

In Nagpur region out of 253 watersheds, there is scope for groundwater development in 251 watersheds and no scope in 2 watersheds.

Recommendations :-

1. The regions of north Maharashtra and Marathwada are over stressed with respect to the use of ground water. A systematic programme of soil and water conservation is the necessity to bring the watersheds in safe category.

2. There is ample scope for utilization of ground water for irrigation and other uses in the Vidarbha region.




Table 10-15: Sub basin wise Categorisation of Watersheds in Godavari basin

S.N. Sub basin Safe (No.) Semi Critical (No.)

Criticfal (No.)

Over Exploited (No.)

Total (No.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A) North Maharashtra

1 Upper Godavari 48 15 1 8 72 2 Pravara 4 4 0 9 17 3 Mula 9 1 0 2 12

Total A) Uttar Maharashtra 61 20 1 19 101 B) Marathwada

4 Middle Godavari 79 2 0 1 82 5 Manjra 30 2 0 5 37 6 Terna 7 9 0 0 16 7 Lendi 12 0 0 0 12 8 Manar 14 0 0 0 14 9 Dudhana 33 5 0 0 38

10 Purna 64 3 0 1 68 11 Kayadhu 9 0 0 0 9 12 Sudha-Swarna 3 0 0 0 3

Total B) Marathwada 251 21 0 7 279 C) Amravati

13 Penganga 64 2 0 0 66 14 Pus 7 0 0 0 7 15 Arunawati 25 0 0 0 25 16 Bembla 18 2 0 1 21 17 Wardha 49 2 0 4 55

Total C) Amravati 163 6 0 5 174 D) Nagpur

18 Venna 34 0 0 0 34 19 Erai 7 0 0 0 7 20 Andhari 24 0 0 0 24 21 Naag 5 0 0 0 5 22 Kolar 5 0 0 0 5 23 Kanhan 8 0 0 0 8




S.N. Sub basin Safe (No.) Semi Critical (No.)

Criticfal (No.)

Over Exploited (No.)

Total (No.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 24 Pench 4 0 0 0 4 25 Wainganga 78 1 0 0 79 26 Bagh 12 1 0 0 13 27 Gadhavi 15 0 0 0 15 28 Khobragadi 10 0 0 0 10 29 Pranhita 18 0 0 0 18 30 Indravati 31 2 0 0 31

Total D) Nagpur 251 2 0 0 253 Total Godavari A+B+C+D 726 49 1 31 807

Table 10-16: Categorization of Sub-basins

Sr. No.

Sub-basin Surface Water average

Availability (Mm3)

Cultureable Area Ha


Total water

(3)+(5) (Mm3)

Water availability

M3/Ha Including GW (6/4*10^6)

Category

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Upper Godavari 4964 1310471 2024 6988 5332 Normal 2 Pravara 1203 246000 432 1635 6646 Normal 3 Mula 985 217000 248 1233 5682 Normal 4 Middle Godavari 4091 1588000 2526 6617 4167 Normal 5 Manjra 1285 686000 860 2145 3127 Normal 6 Terna 397 300740 383 780 2594 Deficit 7 Lendi 276 145150 202 478 3293 Normal 8 Manar 428 227380 331 759 3338 Normal 9 Dudhana 610 449102 629 1239 2759 Deficit

10 Purna 2682 805670 1409 4091 5078 Normal




Sr. No.

Sub-basin Surface Water average

Availability (Mm3)

Cultureable Area Ha


Total water

(3)+(5) (Mm3)

Water availability

M3/Ha Including GW (6/4*10^6)

Category

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 Kayadhu 607 187531 360 967 5156 Normal 12 Penganga 6554 968000 1455 8009 8274 Surplus 13 Sudha-Suwarna 279 37952 98 377 9934 Surplus 14 Pus 668 144855 187 855 5902 Normal 15 Arunavati 1598 359925 527 2125 5904 Normal 16 Bembla 430 249538 314 744 2982 Normal 17 Wardha 4246 881484 1449 5695 6461 Normal 18 Venna 1496 381500 686 2182 5720 Normal 19 Erai 391 83347 111 502 6023 Normal 20 Andhari 2678 163733 371 3049 18622 Abundant 21 Nag 282 47550 106 388 8160 Surplus 22 Kolar 325 79570 132 457 5743 Normal 23 Kanhan 402 99230 201 603 6077 Normal 24 Pench 206 25150 35 241 9583 Surplus 25 Wainganga 6578 849031 1408 7986 9406 Surplus 26 Bagh 984 97838 242 1226 12531 Abundant 27 Gadhavi 754 47873 180 934 19510 Abundant 28 Khobragadi 872 54000 139 1011 18722 Abundant 29 Pranhita 1797 54000 252 2049 37944 Abundant 30 Indravati 3717 53623 201 3918 73066 Abundant

51785 10841243 17498 69283 6391 Normal Note: The groundwater assessment is as per GEC-97 (2011-12)




Sr. No. Sub Basin Cultureable Area (ha.)


available Mm3

Water allocation

as per Tibunal Mm3

Ground water

70% of Net Mm3

Total m3/ha

( 4+6)/3 *10^6

Class Total m3/ha

( 5+6)/3 *10^6

Class

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Upper Godavari 1310471 4112 4112 1417 4219 N 4219 N 2 Pravara 246000 876 876 302 4789 N 4789 N 3 Mula 217000 785.1 785.1 174 4420 N 4420 N 4 Middle Godavari 1588000 2720 1826 1768 2826 D 2263 D 5 Dudhana 449102 348 368 440 1755 D 1799 D 6 Purna 805670 1829 1368 986 3494 N 2922 D 7 Sudha 29404 97 45 50 4999 N 3231 N 8 Survarna 8548 74 11 18 10763 S 3393 S 9 Manjara 686000 758.11 623 602 1983 D 1786 D 10 Terna 300740 274 226 268 1802 D 1643 D 11 Lendi 145150 180 212 141 2212 D 2432 N 12 Manar 227380 247 247 232 2107 D 2107 D 13 Kayadhu 187531 333 333 252 3119 N 3119 N 14 Penganga 968000 5167 2185 1019 6390 N 3310 N 15 Pus 144855 428 428 131 3859 N 3859 N 16 Aurnavati 359925 785 785 369 3206 N 3206 N 17 Bembla 249538 272 272 220 1972 D 1972 D 18 Wardha 881484 3223 2591 1014 4807 N 4090 N 19 Venna 381500 1131 1131 480 4223 N 4223 N 20 Erai 83347 271 178 78 4187 N 3071 N 21 Andhari 163733 1615 961 260 11452 S 7457 N 22 Nag 47550 232 232 74 6435 N 6435 N




Sr. No. Sub Basin Cultureable Area (ha.)


available Mm3

Water allocation

as per Tibunal Mm3

Ground water

70% of Net Mm3

Total m3/ha

( 4+6)/3 *10^6

Class Total m3/ha

( 5+6)/3 *10^6

Class

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 23 Kolar 79570 238 245 92 4147 N 4235 N 24 Kanhan 99230 322 738 141 4666 N 8858 S 25 Pench 25150 136 985 25 6402 N 40159 A 26 Wainganga 849031 5717 4111 986 7895 N 6003 N 27 Bagh 97838 743 784 169 9322 N 9741 S 28 Gadhavi 47873 559 398 126 14309 A 10946 S 29 Khobragadi 54000 688 444 97 14537 A 10019 S 30 Pranhita 54000 1425 328 176 29648 A 9333 S 31 Indravati 53623 2977 1161 141 58147 A 24281 A Total 10841243 38562 28989 12248 4687 3804

Ref: Groundwater assessment by GSDA-2011 and CA as considered in sub-basin Hydrology reports. Surface water as per GWDTA and Groundwater after considering 30% for ecological use. Classification: Sinchan Ayog-1999 but considering surface and groundwater both Highly deficit <1500; Deficit<1500 to 3000; Normal 3000 to 8000; Surplus 8000 to 12000

and Abundant >12000.




Gosikhurd dam, Taluka Pauni, District Bhandara, Maharashtra

III DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT




11 Water Resources Management 11.1 Management of Irrigation Projects

11.1.1 Introduction: This chapter deals with Water Management, Governance & Regulation (WMGR) of the “Main System” of State level Major, Medium & Minor Projects & its objective is to suggest ways & means to improve the same.

11.1.2 Review of Documents: Issues related to Management of Irrigation Projects have been discussed in following recent official documents:

Report of The High Level Committee On Balanced Regional Development Issues in Maharashtra, Oct 2013 (Kelkar Committee)

�सचंन �वषयक �वशषे चौकशी स�मतीचा अहवाल , फे-ुवार0 २०१४)Chitale Committee)

�सचंन �वषयक �वशषे चौकशी स�मती5या अहवालावर0ल काय6पालन अहवाल, जनू २०१४)Action Taken Report)

समतोल ;ादे�शक �वकास उ5च>तर0य स�मती5या अहवालातील �शफारशी सदंभा6त जल संपदा �वभागाचे अ�भ;ाय,

माच6 २०१५)Comments of WRD, GoM on Kelkar Committee’s recommendations) Govt Resolutions, WRD, GoM from 1st Jan 2015 to 30th Nov 2016

Being important & relevant, a brief review of said documents is first taken here.

11.1.2.1 Kelkar Committee: Kelkar Committee has made observations (Annex – 1) about

Incomplete & inadequate distribution system, Lack of funds & poor maintenance, Inconsistency in measurement of crop area, Necessity of Eight Monthly Irrigation, Need of improvement in irrigation efficiencies & Importance of Volumetric Supply.

Kelkar Committee has recommended

Establishment of New- CADA, Implementation of Eight Monthly Irrigation & Introduction of Volumetric Supply of water.

WRD has accepted recommendations of Kelkar Committee vide its letter cited above




11.1.2.2 Chitale Committee: Systemic Faults regarding O & M as identified by Chitale Committee (Annex – 2) are as follows:

Sanctioning projects in absence of Master Plans, Sanctioning LIS without considering their socio-economic aspects & operating them without insisting for drip, Overlap of the command area of new weirs / storage tanks & existing projects Declaration of creation of Irrigation Potential without completing DISNET Doing works without having a water use strategy, Abandoning good practice of preparing project completion reports, Very slow process of handing over of project from construction wing to management & further to WUAs, No guidelines regarding how to form a WUA on storage tanks. Inadequate number of Irrigation – sections & large number of vacant posts in management wing, Non functional Canal Advisory Committees Inordinate delay in compiling information about Crop Area Measurement.

Improvements regarding O & M suggested by Chitale Committee (Annex -3) are given below

Irrigation potential be declared as created only after ensuring completion of DISNET Revise Irrigation Potential considering diversion of water from irrigation to non-irrigation. Expedite handing over of project from construction wing to management wing, constitution of WUAs, creation of irrigation-sections & provision of irrigation staff Introduce Irrigation Modernisation Program (drip, piped distribution system, etc) Prepare manual for Lift Irrigation Schemes Study “Reasons behind reduction in carrying capacities of canals” & “Effectiveness of canal lining” at MERI, Nashik Check & specify “Other use” under Non-Irrigation Prepare Rules for Irrigation Development Corporations Carry out Siltation Studies based on Remote Sensing technique in major, medium & some representative minor projects Do Crop Area Measurement using Remote Sensing on major projects & lift irrigation schemes Improve method of compilation of Crop Areas for inclusion in the Report of State Economic Survey Wave off Water tariff on wells only in the case of WUAs 100% treatment of water used for Non-irrigation purposes in deficit & highly deficit river basins Action Taken Report, WRD, GoM June 2014 has accepted all above improvements in principle. Committee has been constituted to prepare details of implementation.

11.1.2.3 Govt Resolutions: GoM has issued GRs (Annex -4) regarding following issues related to management of

irrigation projects in last 2 years (1st Jan 2015 to 30 Nov 2016)

Preparation of policy/ guidelines / procedures for Piped Distribution Network Early completion of ongoing projects, Declaration of Irrigation Potential of barrages, KT weirs & Storage Tanks Preparation of Project Reports of new Lift Irrigation Schemes, Maintenance & Repairs of projects, Constitution of WUAs on projects without canals,




Agreements for supply of water for non-irrigation, Recovery of water tariff from non-irrigation water users

- Changes in scope of the projects

(2) Independent office for Chief Water Auditor, Maharashtra

(3) Conversion of Construction offices into Management Offices & creation of new irrigation-sections

(4) Re-structuring of Canal Advisory Committees

(5) Extension to private Lift Irrigation Schemes

(6)Transfer of management from govt to Irrigation Development Corporations & use of water tariff for Irrigation Management

(7) Committees regarding: - Improvements suggested by Chitale Committe (SIT) - Preparation of one report combining Irrigation Status Report & Benchmarking - Micro irrigation - Reservation for non-irrigation/Sectoral allocation

In view of the recommendations of Kelkar & Chitale Committees, WRD’s opinions thereupon & recent govt resolutions, this chapter gives emphasis on Modernisation of Irrigation Systems, Volumetric Supply, Piped Distribution Network, Systematic Maintenance plan, Revision of Irrigation Potential, Eight Monthly Irrigation & Projectwise Management Improvement Plan

11.1.3 Modernisation of Irrigation Systems: Large scale public sector irrigation projects in Maharashtra provide water not only for irrigation but even for non-irrigation [drinking, domestic, industrial, etc] purposes. They are expected (but not designed for) to simultaneously achieve multiple & at times, even competitive / conflicting objectives. Existing irrigation projects in Maharashtra are upstream controlled, manually operated, mostly open channel systems without any arrangement for operation of Head Regulators & Cross Regulators based on Real Time data. Their present performance is obviously an outcome of their original nature & inherent characteristics. For example, the Overall Project Efficiency (OPE) assumed in the design of these projects normally ranges between 41 to 48% only! It is needless to say that the actual OPE is hardly 20 to 25% because of host of real life practical constraints. It would not be correct to expect something for which the system is not designed. The point is unless the Main System is modernised & its characteristics are changed, there would not be any significant improvement in its performance. Main System means reservoirs, canals & distribution network (DISNET) with facilities to control, regulate & measure water level & discharge. Better the Main System better will be the WMGR which, in turn, would help improve actual use of water by different utilities. Characteristics & constraints of the Main System & measures for its gradual modernisation are given in Annex- 5.




11.1.3.1 Upstream controlled system: Irrigation Projects in Maharashtra are basically Upstream Controlled Systems. Such systems work as per the logic of supply side management. Water level upstream of control element (e.g. Cross Regulator) is maintained. Changes in discharge are initiated at the upstream end by the system operators who obviously take decisions of their own convenience. Needs & demands of water users are seldom considered. Decisions taken by the bureaucracy are thrust upon the users. Majority of users, therefore, usually get inadequate volume of water mostly at wrong time for unpredictable duration. This is the main reason behind the dismal performance of Water Users Associations. Though Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) has been accepted in Water Policy & provided for in the Acts & Rules, the conventional Main System is just not compatible for PIM simply because it has not been designed, from engineering point of view, for such paradigm shift.

11.1.3.2 Downstream controlled system: Downstream controlled systems, on the contrary, work as per the logic of demand side management. Water level downstream of control element is maintained. Changes in discharge, in an already filled canal, are initiated at the downstream end by the users / WUAs. They start taking water, their demand gets transmitted upstream through water itself & finally the system responds by releasing matching discharge because it is designed for “On Demand” logic from engineering point of view. Main System, here, is compatible for PIM. Dynamic Regulation on Majalgaon Project was one of the variants of downstream control systems! It is necessary to revisit Majalgaon Project where this concept was introduced way back in early 1990s. “Digital India” demands Canal Automation! It is proposed that a new project may be designed, on pilot basis, using principles of Downstream Control. Main System can be modernised through many other measures too as described in following paragraphs

11.1.3.3 HR & CR Gates: Most of the HR & CR gates, at present, are either out of order or missing in most of the projects. Tampering & vandalism is a major problem. Moreover, these gates are cumbersome to operate. Their manual operation limits flexibility of canal operation. Absence of real time data of water level & discharge makes the situation more complex. The end result is there is no water level & discharge control. Volumetric supply of water becomes practically impossible. There could be four possible solutions, as follows, to remedy the situation.

Provide motorised HR & CR gates and protect, maintain & operate them by respectively implementing Water Laws, creating Special Gates M & R Mobile Units & appointing trained system operators OR Replace conventional HR gates by Distributors & conventional CR gates in main canal by automatic gates & that in distributaries by Duckbill or Diagonal weirs Introduce Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) on main canals of major projects to start with. Go for a “proper mix” of above 3 solutions together It is proposed that pilot projects may be taken up to try above solutions.




11.1.3.4 Measuring devices: The situation regarding measuring devices on canals & DISNET in almost all projects is frustrating to say the least. They are not provided / constructed, in the first place, at the head of all canals & DISNET. If at all there are measuring devices, it is quite likely that they may be suffering from common problems, namely, wrong design, improper location, defective construction poor M &R and unreliable records

The situation regarding Water Meters on pipelines of non-irrigation schemes is not very different. Water Meters are not insisted for, in the first place, as per the Agreements with utilities. There appears to be no systemic & systematic plans for provision, installation, maintenance, repairs & calibration of water meters in adequate numbers

There could be three ways, as follows, to improve the situation.

Provide measuring devices on large scale & do flow measurement as per WALMI Publication No 36, MWRRA’s Technical Manual for Water Entitlement, MMISF Act, 2005 & Rules, 2006 and MWRRA Act, 2005. OR

Switch over to indirect measurement of water. Requirement of measuring devices can be reduced if conventional HR gates are replaced by Distributors. These structures release known & constant discharge. Volume can be obtained only by measuring the time for which that discharge is given. Go for a “proper mix” of above 2 solutions together

Industrial production of HR & CR gates, duckbill weirs, measuring devices & water meters and provision, installation, maintenance, repairs, calibration, automatic data collection, etc could be a huge business opportunity through “Make in India” & “Start up companies” Requirement of HR & CR gates and Measuring Devices can be worked out using pro forma given in Annex – 6

11.1.4 Volumetric Supply Volumetric Supply (VS) is an accepted principle. `Why’ & `What’ parts of VS have already been adequately provided for in State Water Policy, MMISF Act & Rules, MWRRA Act, MWRRA Technical Manual & in WALMI training / research / publications. The million dollar questions now need to be answered are - How? When? To what extent? By whom? At what cost? Introducing V S at individual WUA level is comparatively easy. Introducing VS at project level is a real challenge. What is necessary, called for & warranted is SYSTEMIC APPROACH. Roadmap for VS is presented in Annex – 7.

11.1.5 Piped Distribution Network: Piped Distribution Network (PDN) is one better alternative to open channel flow. It is ideally suited for ridge distributaries on new irrigation projects or incomplete canal works, for distributaries by dispensing with falls, road bridges and land acquisition problems. For conversion of existing open canals into pipe line conveyance system, all these advantages are lost. Hence, it should be a must for all new projects and ongoing projects where DISNET is yet to be executed. For LIS also it is ideal because water could be delivered under pressure and MIS could be introduced easily. Main canal can




also be of pipes for new projects if it is economical to do so in the long run. But since all main canals are generally designed as contour canals, velocity of flow cannot be increased by providing steep bed gradient to the canal, thereby reducing the pipe diameter and economising on cost.

PDN would be more successful in new or recently started ongoing projects. But, past experience of PDN in 55 minor projects in Konkan (taken up with the help of European Union) suggests that conventional design based on upstream control logic may not work. Limited Rate Demand Schedule (LRDS) as implemented in Mahaveli Project in Sri Lanka is worth trying. It would also pave way for Micro-Irrigation in the command of irrigation projects.

11.1.6 Maintenance & Repairs: Whatever may be the type of irrigation project, conventional or modernised; there is no substitute for Maintenance & Repairs (M & R). Non- maintenance of the systems is one of the main reasons behind the gap between irrigation potential created & utilised. Lack or poor maintenance leads to reduction in canal capacity & increase in conveyance losses which, in turn, adversely affect the irrigation schedules. And erratic & unpredictable water supply is a sure recipe for water conflicts. Deferred or accumulated maintenance invites costly & frequent rehabilitation. It is, therefore, necessary to go to basics, revisit the basic concepts, solve the administrative / management problems, evolve effective maintenance strategies, diagnose common problems, scrupulously follow forgotten technical circulars & address the maintenance problem urgently & in upfront manner. Annex – 8 (Maintenance of Irrigation Projects at a glance) & Format – 1[Systematic Plan for Regular Maintenance & Repairs] give necessary details.

There is also a felt need to revise the rationale behind the norms for M & R grants. The age old criterion of “Rs per ha” irrespective of nature of component & project-specificity is too ad-hoc & vague to address the ground reality. WALMI, Aurangabad has studied the issue at the instance of MWRRA as part of an exercise on Water Tariff & has given some important suggestions in its report (Annex -9). Gist of WALMI’s suggestions is given below.

Different `basic norms’ for head works, canals, K T weirs & LI schemes Adjustments i.e. increase over & above basic norms giving due thought to the age of project & location of project (whether in BC Soil areas or in heavy rainfall zone) Fixed schedule of releasing the M & R funds Computerised system of accounting the expenditure of the M&R funds & Component-wise classification of expenditure incurred. It is proposed that WALMI’s recommendations may be accepted. Those may reduce the gap between norms & needs, streamline M & R activities and help develop a data base necessary for future decision making.

11.1.7 Revision of Irrigation Potential: Created irrigation potential of a project reduces with the passage of time because of following factors:

Reduction in yield due to upstream abstractions like new projects in the catchment area of existing projects Reduction in Dead as well as Live Storage capacities due to encroachment by silt in the reservoirs




Diversion of water from irrigation to non-irrigation / increase in reservation for non-irrigation purposes Increase in losses due to evaporation, percolation, leakage & conveyance losses Conversion of land under agriculture into non-agriculture (NA) land Increase in area under perennial & hot weather crops Nil or less Kharif utilisation Increase in unauthorised use of water outside the command Since the reduction in irrigation potential could possibly be quite substantial, it is imperative that there should be periodic Revision of Irrigation Potential (RIP) of all irrigation projects followed by de-notification (deletion) of corresponding command area. Such revision, if done in realistic manner, would help as follows:

Various laws made applicable to the so called command area would cease to be applicable as that land would not remain as command area itself. Farmers would be free from various restrictions on their land transactions. Length of canals & DISNET can be curtailed & thereby, expenditure `shown’ for the M & R of the ‘redundant’ portions can be substantially reduced, management staff can be redeployed elsewhere & most importantly, water can also be reallocated. Statistics regarding Potential Created & Utilised would become more realistic. Chances of better management of compact command areas would increase. There is a tendency, however, to somehow show that command area need not be curtailed if cropping pattern is “diluted” (increasing percentage of less water requiring crops in the cropping pattern) & modern irrigation methods are used. But such `paper exercises’ seldom come true. Moreover, the `dilution’ argument does not hold good where the land has physically gone out of cultivation due to non-agriculture activity. SIT (Chitale Committee) has recommended RIP & govt too has accepted it in principle in the Action Taken Report. It is, therefore, recommended that an exercise of RIP may be made mandatory & carried out before every revision of Integrated State Water Plan.

11.1.8 Eight Monthly Irrigation: Govt of Maharashtra officially adopted policy of Eight Monthly Irrigation (EMI) in 1987 to implement the principle of equitable distribution of water vide GR dt 12 Feb 1987. EMI Policy envisages following:

EMI would be implemented henceforth in all major, medium & minor projects in water scarce areas Canal water will be given mainly to seasonal crops from July to Feb If water is available in major projects, canal water would be given to crops like Sugarcane from July to Feb. Thereafter, in hot weather season, farmers may give well irrigation to such perennial crops. After irrigating Rabi seasonal crops, water, if available, may be given to seasonal crops like HW Ground Nut & fodder crop in HW season. Water shall not be given to Sugarcane in HW season. SIT Report, however, reveals that while according Administrative Approval (AA) or Revised AA to many projects, even after 1987, perennial crops have been included in the cropping pattern of the so called EMI projects.

In view of perpetual shortage of water & recurring droughts, it is recommended that EMI Policy shall be scrupulously implemented forthwith in all irrigation projects sanctioned after 1987 in deficit & highly deficit river sub basins irrespective of the fact whether perennial crops have been included in their cropping pattern or not at the time of either AA or RAA. List of all EMI projects sanctioned after 1987 may be prepared in a format given in Annex – 10. It has been & it shall be illegal to make provision for supply of water to perennial crops in Preliminary Irrigation Program of these projects. It is




recommended that MWRRA should ensure implementation of EMI Policy & take all necessary legal steps accordingly with immediate effect.

An alternative approach advocating `a practical way out’ was also discussed in the committee. It suggests following solution.

Permission to set up any new sugar factory should not be given here after as a policy by the GoM. Measure all existing area under sugar cane associated with irrigation projects by third party and/or by satellite imageries to restrict it to that level here after. Make micro –irrigation mandatory for Sugarcane & utilize all the water so saved to irrigate seasonal crops in the tail reaches of the command area. The alternative approach maintains status quo & regularises the wrong done so far. It would be seen as a weakness of the State & would not freeze the area under Sugarcane.

11.1.9 Projectwise Management Improvement Plan: It is said that “Follow the Process & Results will Follow”. Very good water management processes have been evolved in WRD over the last century. Those are available in the form of policies & laws, agreements & manuals, govt resolutions & circulars, publications of WALMI, DIRD, CDO, MERI, MWRDC, etc and of course, in the reports of committees & commissions. It is high time to bring this wealth of knowledge together & actually use it to improve day to day water management. An attempt in this direction has been made in Projectwise Management Improvement Plan (Annex -11). It is self explanatory. There is nothing new in it. Veterans of water management in Maharashtra, in fact, would only say "तझु ंआहे तझुपंाशी".

It is proposed to take up a pilot project wherein everything may strictly be done as per Projectwise Management Improvement Plan. Increasing technical input & bringing in an element of exactness is the felt need of water management. Maharashtra has “Koyana University” as an example of excellence in construction. Now, a time has come to set up an example of Excellence in Water Management. It is also necessary to have a separate organisation exclusively for Water Management. New-CADA, as recommended by Kelkar Committee, would therefore be an important step in the right direction.

11.1.10 Conclusions: (1) Present level of performance of irrigation projects is due to the fact that

their Main System is upstream controlled, manually operated, mostly open channel systems without any arrangement for operation of Head Regulators & Cross Regulators based on Real Time data.

(2 ) Unless the Main System is modernised & its characteristics are changed, there would not be any significant improvement in the performance of irrigation projects.

(3) Lack of Maintenance & Repairs, Revision of Irrigation Potential & non –implementation of Eight Monthly Irrigation are the major constraints of irrigation projects

11.1.11 Recommendations: (1) Canal Automation on Majalgaon Project may be revisited




(2) A pilot project based on concepts of Downstream Control may be taken up

(3) Provide motorised HR & CR gates and protect, maintain & operate them by respectively implementing Water Laws, creating Special Gates M & R Mobile Units & appointing trained system operators

(4) Gradually replace conventional HR gates by Distributors & conventional CR gates in main canal by automatic gates & that in distributaries by Duckbill or Diagonal weirs

(5) Introduce Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) on main canals of major projects to start with.

(6) Provide measuring devices on large scale & do flow measurement as per WALMI Publication No. 36, MWRRA’s Technical Manual for Water Entitlement, MMISF Act, 2005 & Rules, 2006 and MWRRA Act, 2005

Gradually switch over to indirect measurement of water. Requirement of measuring devices can be reduced if conventional HR gates are replaced by Distributors. These structures release known & constant discharge. Volume can be obtained only by measuring the time for which that discharge is given.

(8) Industrial production of HR & CR gates, duckbill weirs, measuring devices & water meters and provision, installation, maintenance, repairs, calibration, automatic data collection, etc may be seen as a huge business opportunity through “Make in India” & “Start up companies”

(9) Roadmap of Volumetric Supply may be implemented

(10) Piped Distribution Network coupled with micro-irrigation based on new concepts may be introduced

(11) Systematic Plan for Regular Maintenance & Repairs may be adopted

(12) Componentwise different norms of M & R may be fixed giving due thought to the age & location specificity of projects.

(13) There should be fixed schedule for releasing M & R funds

(14) Computerised system of accounting of M&R expenditure may be introduced

(15) Data base of component-wise M & R expenditure may be developed.

(16) Revision Irrigation Potential may be made mandatory & carried out before every revision of Integrated State Water Plan.

(17) MWRRA should ensure implementation of Eight Monthly Irrigation Policy & take all necessary legal steps accordingly with immediate effect.

(18) A pilot project may be taken up to demonstrate virtues of Projectwise Management Improvement Plan.




11.1.12 Annexures 11.1.12.1 Annex - 1: Observations & Recommendations of Kelkar Committee,

Oct 2013 Observations:

Distribution system in the command area is incomplete & inadequate

Many of the expected delivery points & destinations failed to receive water because of deficiencies in the distribution Due to lack of funds for Maintenance & Repair works of canal distribution channels & sub-channels are not undertaken Measurement of crop area & crop patterns are inconsistently made

One of the important objectives of irrigation development should be to make farming possible at least over 8 months period. The minimal needs of beneficiaries are as follows: DISNET that takes water from dam right up to the farm DISNET must deliver water in optimal required quantity with a reliable timely schedule of delivery The administrative machinery for the management of irrigation projects must improve its water distribution efficiency & should keenly adhere to the principle of delivery of water on volumetric basis for irrigation as well as non-irrigation purposes. Recommendations:1 (Refer: Para 6, Summary, Major Findings & the Recommendations, pages 6 to 16) 57. The New Command Area Development Authority (N – CADA) having inter-

disciplinary approach, structure & manpower to achieve socio-economic development of command area be created. The function of water control, release, utilization, crop planning & water use efficiency & maintenance of canals should be transferred to N-CADA

85. The “Irrigated Land” should be defined as one which receives assured water supply for at least 8 months in an year

107. For all the regions where per hectare water availability is less than 3000 cu.m., the cropping pattern should be seriously reconsidered. There should be a ceiling or upper bound on the quantum of area for all the crops (including Sugarcane) which require high quantity of water.

109. All the irrigation projects should have concept of command area development. Accordingly, CADA should be appropriately modified & revitalised. Such New – CADA should be multi – disciplinary in nature including Agriculture Engineers, Agriculture Economists, Agriculture extension Officers. Management & delivery of water on volumetric basis should be handed over to New – CADA

110. Plans for Integrated comprehensive development of water basin should be completed incoming 5 years on urgent basis & MWRRA should prescribe equitable distribution of water for different uses in such comprehensive design.

111. The present administrative machinery should keenly adhere to the principle of delivery of water on volumetric basis for irrigation as well as non-irrigation purposes & improve the efficiency in water use

1 All these recommendations have been accepted by WRD, GOM vide its letter No.PLN-2015/(19/15) Nivasam-1 dt 25 Mar 2015)




11.1.12.2 Annex -2: Systemic Faults regarding O & M as identified by Chitale Committee

(Reference: Statement 9.1 of the SIT Report, March 2014)

2. Handing over of management to WUAs is very slow 3. Handing over from construction wing to management is very slow 4. Eleven Thousand posts are vacant in management wing of WRD. (On an average, One Lakh ha irrigation potential is supposed to be created every

year. And, therefore, 33 new irrigation sections need to be opened every year as per Kapoor Committee Report. However, this has not happened)

7. There is inordinate delay in compiling information about Crop Area Measurement. Provisional information published in State Economic Survey Report leads to

conclusions inconsistent with ground reality 8. Irrigation potential is declared to be created without completing DISNET 9. Canal Advisory Committees are not functional 13 Command areas of weirs / storage tanks are only estimated ones / presumed ones &

at some places they overlap the command area of existing projects 16. Project completion reports are not prepared. 28. Projects are sanctioned even in absence of Master Plans 32. Lift Irrigation Schemes are sanctioned without considering their socio-economic

aspects 33 There are no guidelines regarding how to form a WUA on storage tanks. Works are

done without having a strategy regarding use of water. 35 Lift Irrigation Schemes have been sanctioned on a very large scale. Though drip

irrigation is mandatory for cultivating Sugarcane on such schemes, flow irrigation only is practiced. LIS are virtually unregulated.

41. Ambiguity & inconsistency prevail because Irrigation Development Corporations don’t have Rules.

Action Taken Report, WRD, GoM June 2014 is silent about systemic faults.




11.1.12.3 Annex -3: Improvements regarding O & M suggested by Chitale Committee (SIT)

(Reference: Statement 9.2 of the SIT Report, March 2014)

1. Siltation Studies based on Remote Sensing technique may be carried out in major, medium & some representative minor projects

2. Non-Irrigation water user utilities may be entrusted with the responsibility of 100% treatment of water used for Non-irrigation purposes. This may be strictly implemented on first priority in deficit & highly deficit river basins

3 Water tariff on wells in the command area may be waved off only in the case of WUAs

5 Method of Crop Area Measurement using Remote Sensing may be introduced on major projects & lift irrigation schemes where percentage of perennial crops is large. If necessary, suitable amendments may be made in Irrigation Act for the same.

6. Special attention needs to be given on compilation of Crop Area by Revenue & Agriculture departments

8 MERI, Nashik may carry out studies regarding “Reasons behind reduction in carrying capacities of canals” & “Effectiveness of canal lining”

9 Irrigation potential may not be declared as created without ensuring completion of DISNET

11 “Other use” under Non-Irrigation needs to be looked into & specified to avoid unauthorised use of water.

12 Method of compilation of Crop Areas for inclusion in the Report of State Economic Survey needs to be improved

13 Irrigation Status Report (ISR) should give Irrigation Development Corporationwise, Major & Medium projectwise information. In case of Minor Projects corporation-wise & districtwise abstracts may be given. ISR may also give information regarding carry over.

20. Following processes may be expedited – handing over of project from construction wing to management wing, constitution of WUAs, creation of irrigation-sections & provision of irrigation staff

25. WRD needs a manual on Lift Irrigation Schemes 34. Revision of Irrigation Potential needs to be done to account for diversion of water

from irrigation to non-irrigation. 39. Irrigation Development Corporations should have their own rules 42. Irrigation Modernisation Program is required to introduce modern techniques like

drip, piped distribution system, etc Action Taken Report, WRD, GoM June 2014 has accepted all above improvements in principle. Committee constituted to prepare details of implementation.




11.1.12.4 Annex – 4: जल व �सचंन �वषयक म��वाचे शासन "नण$य

(कालावधी १जानेवार0 २०१५ त े३० नोDहEबर २०१६)

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11.1.12.5 Annex- 5: Characteristics of Main System & Measures for Rehabilitation & Modernisation

Sr. No.

Characteristics Measures for Rehabilitation & Modernisation

1 2 3 1 Open channel system :

Difficult to control & regulate.

Piped distribution network (PDN) Design new projects with PDN Explore possibility of PDN in ongoing projects

2 Upstream controlled system: Works as per the logic of supply side management. Water level u/s of control element is maintained Changes in discharge initiated at u/s end by system operators. PIM not provided for in the design.

Downstream control: Works as per the logic of demand side management. Water level d/s of control element is maintained Changes in discharge initiated at d/s end by users. Hence, PIM is inbuilt.

3 Original design: For flow irrigation only But has to cater the needs of lift irrigation & non-irrigation. Conflicting objectives make water management difficult.

Control lift irrigation & non irrigation: Provide separate dedicated electricity line for LI & NI Implement Water Laws & Agreements *

4 HR & CR Gates: Either out of order or missing. Tampering & vandalism – major problem Cumbersome to operate. Manual operation limits flexibility of canal operation. In absence of real time data of water level & discharge, gate operation becomes ad-hoc. No water level & discharge control.

Prepare & implement System Maintenance Plan Implement Water Laws ** Replace conventional HR gates by Distributors * Replace conventional CR gates in main canal by automatic gates & that in distributaries by Duckbill or Diagonal weirs * Introduce SCADA* on main canals of major projects

5 Measuring devices: Canals Not provided / constructed at the head of all canals & DISNET. Wrong design, improper location, defective construction & poor M &R of measuring devices, No reliable record of measurements Pipelines: Not insisted for as per the Agreements

Do flow measurement as per WALMI publication No. 36 MWRRA’s Technical Manual for Water Entitlement MMISF Act, 2005 & Rules, 2006 MWRRA Act, 2005 Switch over to indirect measurement of water: * Requirement of measuring devices can be reduced if conventional HR gates are




Sr. No.

Characteristics Measures for Rehabilitation & Modernisation

1 2 3 with utilities No plans for provision, installation, maintenance, repairs & calibration of water meters in adequate numbers

replaced by Distributors. These structures release known & constant discharge. Volume can be obtained only by measuring the time for which that discharge is given. Industrial production of HR & CR gates, duckbill weirs, measuring devices & water meters and provision, installation, maintenance, repairs, calibration, automatic data collection, etc could be a huge Business opportunity

*There are ample provisions in MIA76, MMISF Act & MWRRA Act in respect of WMGR.




11.1.12.6 Annex – 6: Requirement of Control Structures & Measuring Devices Head

Regulator (HR) Gates

Total reqd.

Available Functional Repairable Newly required Conventional Distributors

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Main Canal Branch Canal

Distributaries Minors

Cross Regulator (CR ) Gates

Total required

Available Functional Repairable Newly required Conv. DBW DW

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Main Canal Branch Canal

Distributaries Minors Conv. – Conventional, DBW – Duckbill Weirs, DW – Diagonal Weirs

Standing Wave Flumes (SWF)

Total required

Available Functional Repairable Newly required

1 2 3 4 5 6 Main Canal Branch Canal Distributaries Cut Throat Flumes (CTF)

Minors

Water Meters Total required

Available Functional Repairable Newly required

Lift Irrigation Domestic Water Supply

Industrial Water Supply




11.1.12.7 Annex - 7: Roadmap for Volumetric Supply (VS) Volumetric Supply demands � Reasonably well maintained & operated system with conveyance losses & filling time

within permissible limits

� Functional gates of HR & CR with Q-tables to control & regulate water levels & discharge

� Functional, accurate & calibrated Measuring Devices (MD) � Trained canal operators in adequate numbers for O & M of gates &MDs & of course,

to keep reliable records of flow measurement

� Special Gates & MD Repairs Mobile Units for prompt & adequate M & R Let us do obvious things first � Design new projects for VS. Change scope of ongoing projects for VS

� Prepare standard specifications. Identify agencies. Add items in DSR.

New technology for Discharge Control � Self Regulating Outlets (30 lps)

� Distributors as HR of Minor & Dy.

� Provide constant & known discharge,

� Separate MD not required

New technology for Water Level Control

Diagonal & Duckbill weirs Maintain water level Provide constant discharge to off taking channels having SROs & Distributors. No need for cross bunding by farmers No need to provide MD.

VS in existing projects Take an exhaustive review of gates & MDs based on Tables 1 to 4 Quantify the problem to facilitate cost & time estimates. Fix priorities & Gradual switchover to VS

M & R can cover Repairable gates &MDs(Routine Maintenance or Special Repairs) New gates & MDs (Extension & Improvement)

Evaluation & design Evaluation of existing gates &MDs and improvements in them or design of new ones can be done by WRD ENGINEERS. They are very well qualified & even trained by WALMI already.

Industrial Production � CTF, SRO & Distributors can be manufactured by local small / medium

industrialists after some training. It’s a very big business opportunity for our entrepreneurs. They can also take up Annual Maintenance Contracts & calibration work.

� Gates Directorate / workshop have experience of developing radial gates.

� Agreements with international companies can also be done for transfer of technology.




11.1.12.8 Annex - 8: Maintenance of Irrigation Projects at a glance Why maintenance problems? Design deficiencies, defective & incomplete construction, inordinate delays in handing over of projects from construction to management, operational defects, bad maintenance practices, plant & biological growth, animal & human interference Basic concepts: Give emphasis on regular M & R & not on rehabilitation Document maintenance needs to improve financial management and accountability. Develop detailed physical knowledge about what is occurring within the system. Increase sensitivity about operating the system to meet the needs of farmers. Document the needs and costs for irrigation system improvements.

Administrative / management problems Maintenance strategies No or low budget & or Delayed L.O.C. Delayed / deferred decisions Unexpected transfers, unexpected diversion of funds/machinery Lack of tech./managerial/legal guidance Non-availability of machinery in time Absence of separate gate repairs unit Difficulties in engaging specialized agencies at remote places and in emergencies Refusal to accept the existence of problem, analyze the problem & go to basics

Project specific: major/medium/minor old/new/rehabilitated Component specific: dam/canal/Dy. System, -min. compulsory M&R, (%) Grants/component, reachwise consideration, Time-specific : periodicity, before/after rainy season / month, during closure / flow period, during good / bad years, Agency-specific : daily wage laborers, Rate list, CRT, A1 tender, Society Result specific : Increase in Irrigation, Efficiency, Participation

Diagnose common project-specific maintenance problems Study indications, Identify probable causes & possible remedies, Decide range of intervention, Quantify the problem, Fix priorities

Follow Technical Circular scrupulously No. MISC 2002 (202 / 2002) IM (W) dt 22.7.2003

Prepare Systematic Plan for Regular Maintenance & Repairs (Format – 1) to stagger the work over the year to make better use of available time, man power & funds




11.1.12.8.1 Format – 1: Systematic Plan for Regular Maintenance & Repairs [To stagger the work over the year to make better use of time, man power & funds]

Item1

When to

do2

Available Period 3

Periodicity4

Norm5

Priority6

To be done by & method 7

1 List out all M & R Items in proper sequence

2 Decide when to do each item. [Before or after rainy season, during closure / flow period, etc]

3 Work out how much time would be available to complete each item. Specify dates / months, etc

4 Decide whether the item is required to be done every season or once in a year or once in 2/3 years, etc

5 Output per unit, Time or labour per unit, Reach of canal per year, etc

6 First / second, etc depending upon importance & urgency

7 Daily wage laborers, Rate list, CRT, A1 tender, WUA, Society depending upon whether the work is continuous or intermittent, whether it can be to any agency, etc




11.1.12.9 Annex – 9: Gist of the Report of Study on Revision of Maintenance & Repairs Norms for Irrigation Projects in Maharashtra, WALMI, Aurangabad (M.S.), India , July 2008

11.1.12.9.1 Proposed Norms for M & R Basic Norms

Component Norm Remarks Head works Rs. 11,000 per

Mm3 of Design Live Storage

Irrespective of good or bad year Provision for M & R of gates shall be additional as suggested by Chief Engineer, Mechanical, Nashik

Canals: (a) Rs. 380/ha of actual irrigated area

Actual irrigated area as per average of previous 3 years. Perennials, Other Perennials and Two Seasonals counted once.

Canals (b) Rs. 190/ha of balance area

Balance Area = CCA – Actual area irrigated

Canal (c) Main/Br.: 40% Dy : 25% Minors: 35%

Total amount worked out as per Canal (a) & (b) above may further be allocated component wise as per given percentage

K. T. Weirs:

Rs. 2300 / sq.m*. Rs.1450/ sq.m *

* of gated area for K. T. Weirs with reservoir backup * of gated area for K.T. Weirs without reservoir backup

Govt. LIS:

As per actual As per canals

Electricity charges & maintenance of pump house & rising main For canals of LIS

Storage Tanks:

Rs. 11,000 per Mm3 of Design Live Storage

As per Head works

Adjustment for specific conditions (i.e. increase over & above basic norms, if and as applicable)

Age of the Project

Age (Yr) Add for Head works & Main / Br . Canals 35 to 70 7.5% Above 70 15%

N.B. If any modernization or rehabilitation of the concerned component has been carried out within last 35 years, then the additional provision indicated above shall not be admissible.




Black Cotton Soils

Applicable if dominant soil type in the command of the project is B.C. Soils. Dominant means percentage greater than 50%

Project Add in respect Add to Basic Norms worked out for canals Major Minors only To the extent of percentage of command area of the

project covered by B.C. soil as per Soil Survey. Medium Dy & Minor 100% Minor Main /Br. Canal, Dy

& Minors 100%

Project situated in hilly areas / high rainfall zon e (Average rainfall > 2000 mm / year)

Add 100% to the amount worked out for Head Works. [Not applicable if dam is fully masonry/ concrete dam] Add 100% to the amount worked out for Main/Branch Canals, Dy & Minors.

11.1.12.9.2 Recommendations The entire funds admissible as per the Norms should be released at the beginning of the year so as to enable the field officers to start timely repairs as per the schedule of maintenance and repairs based on schedule of operation of the canals. This will reduce the extra costs involved in deferred maintenance. The release of funds for M&R should be considered as a fixed liability and therefore an appropriate method of releasing of funds may be made applicable. If, releasing the entire amount of funds at the beginning of the year is not possible, the releases should be made in three instalments as below and each instalment released at the beginning of the period.

Period Instalments On or before 1st April to 30 th June 40% 1st April

1st July to 31 st October 20% 1st July 1st November to 31 st March 40% 1ST November

In case, if it is not possible to release the funds for as per said instalment on due dates due to unavoidable circumstances and large funds are required to be released at the fag end of the year, the project officers may be allowed to deposit the same in the banks. The withdrawals could be permitted after completing the formalities of regular tendering process and planning of the works as per the priorities. The field officers should in that case furnish the utilization certificates by 1st week of July, so that the unspent amount would not remain un-utilized for a long period. Computerized system of accounting the Expenditure of the M&R funds should be adopted. The expenditure should be classified at least in the main sub components as shown below:




Dam: Main/Branch Canals & DISNET (a) Masonry Dam (b) Earthen Dam (c) Spillway (d) Gates (including Hoists, Electrical, Mechanical Installations, Gantry, Stop logs, Motors, Generators) and (e) Other works like cause way, colonies, office buildings etc.

(a) Earth work in banks (b) Lining (c) Service roads/inspection paths & Road bridges (d) Water Regulatory Structures like Head/Cross Regulators and Escapes (e) Cross Drainage works (f) Measuring devices (g) Removal of shrubs, trees and other obstructions.

There should be some inter locking arrangement to ensure that the classified accounts are maintained. For this purpose, it is recommended that, the bills shall not be cleared for payment, unless the entries are made in the classified Account Books.

11.1.12.10 Annex – 10: GMIDC / VIDC

List of Eight Monthly Irrigation Projects from defi cit or highly deficit river sub basins

(Administrative Approval (AA) / Revised Administrative Approval (RAA) accorded after 12th Feb 1987)

Ref: महाराZkातील पाटबंधारे ;कXपांवर आठमाह0 पाणी परुवठा पKती सु̀ करJयाबाबत

शासन Sनण6य m.बीकेएस - १०८६ /३७९ -�स ं(Dय)oद.१२ फे-ुवार0 १९८७

Project 1 Sub basin (D/HD) 2 Date of AA Date of RAA Major: Medium: Minor 1 Specify type of project- Flow / lift / KT Weir / Barrage 2 Specify in bracket whether deficit or highly deficit river sub basin NB: Increase number of rows suitably as per requirement




11.1.12.11 Annex – 11: Projectwise Management Improvement Plan (PMIP) Action Details Reference

Initiate Revision of Irrigation Potential Implementation of Eight Monthly Irrigation Scheme

Para 7.0 Para 8.0

Modernise Get ready for Volumetric Supply; provide control structures & measuring devices Implement Systematic Maintenance Plan

Annex – 5, 6, 7 Annex - 8

Provide Adequate number of irrigation offices with appropriate staffing pattern

Report of Kapoor Commission Chapter -27, Institutional & Legal Arrangements

Notify Irrigation offices, Appointments of Canal Officers Rivers, Command Areas, LI schemes,

Allot Duties to Canal Officers with appropriate powers Execute Agreements with WUAs, LI schemes, Utilities

taking water for non-irrigation purposes Revise Tank Charts, Capacity Tables,

Discharge tables of HRs, CRs & Measuring Devices Assumptions regarding evaporation, post monsoon flows, conveyance losses

Para 9 & WALMI Pub. No. 20 [O & M of Irrigation Systems in MS] WALMI Pub. No. 36 [Flow measurement] Guidelines regarding Water Audit & Benchmarking

Review Reservations for industrial water supply considering industry-catagorywise requirements of `process’ & `make up’ water Reservations for domestic water supply considering `local surface & ground water’, Rain Water Harvesting and Recycle & Reuse of Water

Annex – 12 Para 5.0, Criteria for Industrial Use, Page 5, Criteria for Distribution of Entitlements by RBAs for Domestic & Industrial Uses. MWRRA, Nov 2012

Honour Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) regarding Preliminary Irrigation Program [PIP] Canal Schedules Water Accounting

GR on PIP dt 07.03.2001 WALMI Pub. No. 22 [Water Distribution Practices in MS] Form 126 e

Ensure Regular publication of Water Auditing, Benchmarking & Irrigation Status Reports

Sec 11 (v), MWRRA Act, 2005

Save Switch over to piped distribution supply in respect of major Non-irrigation schemes on canals & rivers. Insist for construction of En route storages of adequate capacity by the utilities which cannot avoid canal / river as their source of water. Don’t release water in canal or rivers exclusively for non-irrigation Go for Dedicated & Secondary storages Have separate electricity lines for LI schemes on reservoirs, canals & rivers

Agreements with utilities taking water for Non-Irrigation purposes




Notes: Tank Charts depict data of filling & emptying of tanks. Useful for planning & monitoring Capacity Tables show lake contents with respect to water level in the reservoir Discharge Tables for HR, CR & Measuring Devices are required for determining

discharge from a reading on a gauge Reservations for Non-Irrigation need to be based on `Process Water’ of industry. Water

required for completing the process of production is called as Process Water. It varies from industry to industry. Requirement of Process Water can be reduced if the industry improves its technology. If it adopts, say, technology that allows indefinite recycling & reuse of water, then it may require only `make up’ water to take care of inevitable losses.

Assumptions regarding evaporation, post monsoon flow & conveyance losses need to be based on actual measurement & realistic. In order to avoid over estimation of evaporation, coefficients, namely, `mesh to open pan’ & `pan to reservoir’ need to be used. Assumptions regarding post monsoon flow should account for effects of large number of watershed works in the catchment area.

Preliminary Irrigation Program means water budgeting before commencement of irrigation season.

Canal scheduling is a program which shows details like number, duration & interval of rotations, and sequence by which off takes will get water

Water Auditing means third party checking of water accounts kept by Canal Officers with reference to certain indicators. Original form (No,126 e) needs to be reintroduced as it is a better tool of water accounting.

Benchmarking means keeping track of progress of a project & comparison of project performance with that of similar projects with respect to certain indicators

Irrigation Status Report means a report which gives details such as water available, water use for different purposes, conveyance efficiencies, assessment & recovery of water charges, expenditure on M & R, etc

En route storage: Construction of storage tanks of adequate capacity by the utilities which cannot avoid canal / river as their source of water. The capacity of the tanks should be such that a release of water either in canal or rivers exclusively for non-irrigation will not be required.

Dedicated storage means reservoir exclusively for non – irrigation purposes Secondary storage: Water required for non-irrigation purposes in hot weather season for

a big city can be brought from a major project at the end of Rabi season & stored it in a minor / medium project (i.e. in secondary storage) near the city. Spread area of submergence being less & depth of water being more, evaporation would be significantly less




11.2 Management of Water Resources: Other important uses

11.1.13 Introduction: In the previous section i.e. Management of Water for Irrigation (15.1), we have exhaustively looked at the statutory provisions, the policy intentions and the shortcomings in the actual practices. Similarly, in Chapter 10 we have reviewed the level of development achieved, and what still remains to be done. Shortcomings and gaps have been identified, directions and solutions for the future have been recommended. In this sub-section we will elaborate on the ways and means of completing the tasks and targets set for the next thirteen years i.e. 2030, and the mechanisms and measures needed for the management and implementation of the targets. To recapitulate we may state that the earlier chapter on water resources development has given us a brief idea of amount of water used by the year 2016 and to be used upto 2030.

11.1.14 Management of Drinking / Domestic Water Supply: While integrating the recent studies of 30 sub-basins, the urban water demand for the year 2016 is about 791.35 Mm3 which is expected to increase to about 1750.34 Mm3 by the year 2030 as per the MJP estimates based on the 140 lpcd norm(i.e. by about 221.18%). Similarly, the water demand for rural areas will increase from 927.61 Mm3 to 2160.28Mm3 by the year 2030, (i.e. by about 232.89%). The total drinking and domestic water demand for the year 2016 is 1718.96 Mm3 and for the year 2030 it is expected to increase to about 3910.62 Mm3 (i.e. by about 2 1/4 times). Thus, at present the MJP will need to cover a gap of 2191.66 Mm3 in the next thirteen years! A highly formidable task indeed, in view of the fact that today we are using 4.77% o f the total water available for 2016 which will have to increase to 12.14% of t he water available in 2030.

The current policy of water allocation declared by the Government of Maharashtra allows 15% of storages to be used for drinking and domestic purpose and 10% for industrial use. Thus, although the absolute availability is not a problem, investments for purifying, and creating a distribution system with en-route storages, and then creating a drainage and disposal system for the waste water will be the fundamental problem.

This chapter describes the issues related to water supply management in the basin, and the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater for increasing water use efficiency for various important uses, other than irrigation. The section begins with management of water for Drinking and Domestic purposes for the urban and rural population, and followed by water for industries, water for environment and resilience to climate change.

The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation has the following objectives especially for rural areas:

1. Ensure that all households have access to and use of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.

2. Ensure that communities monitor and keep surveillance on their drinking water sources;




3. Ensure that all government schools and anganwadis have functional toilets, urinals and access to safe drinking water;

4. Provide an enabling environment and support to Panchayat Raj Institutions and local communities to manage their own drinking water sources and sanitation in their villages;

5. Provide access to information through online reporting mechanism with information placed in public domain to bring in transparency and informed decision making;

In order to achieve these objectives the Department of Water Supply and Sanitation (GoM) has set up a Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Program, where in Maharashtra has developed a protocol for water quality testing under the National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Program (NRDWQMSP) which is currently merged with the National Rural Drinking Water Program of the MDWS (GoM GR1, 2011). Accordingly, all three concerned departments of water and health such as Rural Development, Public health and Water Supply & Sanitation are involved in this program.

Under the National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) the issue of Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance has been given due emphasis and the broad elements are as follows:

• All drinking water sources should be tested at least twice a year for bacteriological contamination and once a year for chemical contamination.

• Under NRDWP, States may establish Water Testing Laboratories at the Sub- Division level with a provision of testing few selected chemical parameters (need based) and biological parameters. Under National Health Mission (NRHM) there is a provision of testing water quality (biological parameters) at the Primary Health Centers. Such facilities, along with any other labs like college/school labs, in the area, may be used for the program.

• The existing Field Testing Kits (FTK) may continue to be used for primary detection of chemical and biological contamination of all the drinking water sources in the villages. Fund provided for procurement of FTKs under National Rural Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance Program launched in February 2005 should be fully utilized.

• The services of five GP level persons who have been trained under National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance program since February 2006 i.e. ASHA, Anganwadi Workers, School Teachers, GP members, Social Workers etc. will continue to be utilized for the surveillance program.

11.1.15 National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) The revised ‘National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) Guidelines 2009-2012’ issued by Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission, Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation has shifted the focus from source development and installation, to focus on the development of village security plans. Basically, it envisages provision of drinking water as a part of the overall water resources management and safety plan.




Unlike various schemes for rural water supply, a program launched by Government of India for the development of urban water supply is Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), June 2015.

The total outlay for AMRUT is Rs. 50,000 crore for five years from FY 2015-16 to FY 2019-20 and the Mission will be operated as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. Some of the important mission components are as follows:

Water Supply

Water supply systems including augmentation of existing water supply, water treatment plants and universal metering. Rehabilitation of old water supply systems, including treatment plants. Rejuvenation of water bodies specifically for drinking water supply and recharging of ground water. Special water supply arrangement for difficult areas, hill and coastal cities, including those having water quality problems (e.g. arsenic, fluoride) Sewerage

Decentralized, networked underground sewerage systems, including augmentation of existing sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants Rehabilitation of old sewerage system and treatment plants. iii. Recycling of water for beneficial purposes and reuse of wastewater. Septic sludge

Fecal Sludge Management: cleaning, transportation and treatment in a cost-effective manner. Mechanical and biological cleaning of sewers / septic tanks and recovery of full operational cost.

Storm Water Drainage

Construction and improvement of drains and storm water drains in order to reduce and eliminate flooding.

11.1.16 Problems / gaps in services provided (domestic water supply):

Coverage: as per available data 48% of households h ad direct connections for water supply (Service gap of 52%). Similarly, norm for urban water supply (Class I cities) was 135 lpcd and actual supply was 75 lpcd (Service gap of 60 lpcd). Water supply to urban areas is highly unreliable. While the standard expected is 24 hours a day. The current average works out to be approximat ely 1 hour 40 minutes a day. This unacceptably low level of supply is due to the fact that, in many cities water is supplied once in two to three days or even less frequently during summer months. While designing urban water supply schemes, local sources like surface streams, wells, groundwater aquifers and the traditional / existing storage and supply infrastructure has not been taken into account. Consequently the new schemes have relied entirely on new surface water storages (dams) as sources for urban water supply. The dams built recently have been primarily designed for irrigation purposes, but as the demand for cities rises, water originally meant for irrigation has often been diverted for drinking purposes. Therefore, while designing new water supply / sanitation systems the optimal and conjunctive use of local surface / groundwater sources must first be taken into consideration, before deciding on the volume to be imported from surface storages.




The water supply schemes are not self supporting in financial terms because of unreasonably low tariffs being charged by Metropolitan as well as smaller urban bodies. Barely 54.5% of the annual cost of the operation and maintenance is rec overed from water charges. System losses i.e. Storage, transmission and distribution losses, and thefts and unaccounted uses of water are unreasonably high (Non Revenue Water - NRW). In most cities and towns they range between 30-40% of the total water supplied. Further an absence of policy and infrastructure for supply to urban poor in slum areas results in heavy water losses through illegal connections and stand posts. The water charges are collected by local authorities based on property valuation, flat rate calculation or on a lump-sum basis along with the property taxes. This leads to an under valuation of water and very low financial recovery. Majority of villages have an open gutter system for collection and disposal of the waste water. Since waste water disposal is carried out without treatment, it leads to unhygienic conditions and the spread of water borne diseases. The sewers are badly maintained: frequent blockages, siltation, missing manhole covers, gulley pits. Improper disposal of solid waste also tends to block sewer lines. Sometimes, storm water enters the sewerage network, leading to inflow in excess of the capacity of the system, and hence sewer lines cannot function. Sewers do not take wastewater to treatment plants, and instead discharge untreated wastes into surface water bodies The environmental concerns posed by the urban water supply and sanitation are two-fold. There is inadequate attention being paid to the protection of water sources, and there are hardly any efforts made to move towards conjunctive management of water. This is also led to the pollution of both surface and groundwater aquifers. While water supply for urban areas is rising rapidly, the waste water generated is also increasing proportionately (i.e. about 80% of the water supplied). Unfortunately, in Class I cities barely an average of 32% of the waste water generated is being treated, while in Class II and Class III it is practically non-existent. Consequently, urban local bodies have been forced to take huge loans creating heavy interest burdens . However, due to a very low efficiency in tax collection and simultaneously low service charges the debt servicing capacity is very low .

(Source: Based on presentation on behalf of Water Resources Department, GoM, during ICRIER workshop 17th June 2013 and 30- sub-basin plans of Godavari)

11.1.17 Suggestions and action plan: It is recommended that:

1. 100% metering for all water connections in distribution system should be enforced at the earliest. Similarly, water meters should be installed for measuring quantity abstracted from the source, then at outlet points of water treatment plant and at outlet points of service reservoir. Further, as per the State Policy the supply of water from source (dam site) up to cities should be through closed pipes. This conversion will lead to about 20% saving of water, before it is abstracted by ULB’s for purification.

2. Water Audit should be carried out every year for calculating system losses of various kinds, e.g. leakages, thefts, wastages due to breakages in pipes and taps, etc.

3. To achieve consumers’ satisfaction by introducing 24x7 supply system and thereby to reduce water consumption and water losses in the system and to have equitable supply to all the consumers.




4. Proper independent septic-tank for urban areas with population <10,000 and Proper independent sewerage system for population > 10,000 should be provided. To avoid water borne diseases, open gutters should be replaced by closed / piped waste-water-disposal systems.

5. Telescopic tariff : Water supply up to 100 lpcd should be charged at the rate of the marginal cost of supplying water, subsequent 40 lpcd at 25% higher rate, and supply exceeding 140 lpcd should be charged doubled the rate of marginal cost of supplying water.

6. Water Quality Monitoring should be carried out as per the norms and WQM & S program.

11.1.18 Legal Provisions: The water supply scheme management has shifted to local bodies on implementation of the reforms at the state level, which include,

1. Implementation of the Constitution (Seventy-Fourth) Amendment Act, 1992. (Article 253 W)

In addition to above, optional reforms at state level include, 1. Revision of bye-laws to streamline the approval process for construction of

buildings, development of sites etc, where provisions have been made making it mandatory for builder and construction agencies to use groundwater wherever it is available.

2. Revision of bye-laws to make rain-water harvesting mandatory for all buildings which are constructed in future, which include adoption of water conservation measures.

3. Bye-laws on reuse of reclaimed water.

11.1.19 Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) Policy

In slum area/ poor locality, following policy needs to be adopted to ensure supply of safe drinking water to the poor persons and to socially backward communities.

Group connection to the slum dwellers preferably with metered supply (if possible) or by entrusting the responsibility to a leader from the users. Rehabilitation of tertiary network if supply to slum area is not adequate or not with required pressure. Removal of all stand-posts (if feasible and possible) and granting group connections or individual connections to all the users from the town/ village, irrespective of whether they are from normal localities or from slums.

11.1.20 Case Studies: 11.1.20.1 Upper Godavari sub-basin

Aurangabad Municipal Corporation is selecting a private operator to augment bulk water supply project, refurbish existing water distribution system, meter all connections, manage billing and collection system, create new distribution infrastructure, and operate and maintain the entire system. The agency will manage the entire project for the specified period of the contract. The project will be the 1stof its kind in the country, the largest water Public Private Partnership (PPP) project.




On the same lines Ahmednagar district in Mula sub-basin is also planning of introducing private sector in operation and maintenance of water supply schemes for satisfying future water demand.

Similarly Latur Municipal Council in Manjra sub-basin has also initiated an action for participation of private sector for operation and maintenance of water supply scheme. Initial work has already been started, but because of the protest and opposition this work has been stopped. The municipal council is hopeful of resolving the issue in due course of time.

11.1.20.2 Erai Sub-Basin:Private water supply distribution in Chandrapur a case study:

Chandrapur is the first town in Maharashtra to privatize its supply to ‘improve efficiency and investment (from 23/02/2004 for a period of 10 years). The CMC wanted to cut the losses being incurred to run the water supply scheme. The water is supplied to the town area from Erai River (10.90 MLD) and Erai dam (41 MLD). The ownership of the two existing Water Treatment Plants (WTP) in Chandrapur city at Ram Nagar and Tukaram is with CMC and Operation and Maintenance agency. The agency will bear the cost of water treatment, pay the electricity bills, carry out operation and maintenance, repairing, etc. CMC carries out regular sampling and analysis to check the water quality to be distributed. All new house service connections are metered.

11.1.20.3 Roof top rain water harvesting (RWH) There is tremendous scope for making the water available through roof top rain water harvesting in urban centres especially in cities like Nashik and Aurangabad. The stress on their water sources can be reduced by following practices. This technique needs an encouragement from the Government and Local Bodies.

11.1.20.4 Industrial Water Use: Current industrial water requirement

Total water requirement of the Godavari basin is 860.88 Mm3 (i.e. 2.11% of the annual average availability). Water requirement for industries in M.I.D.C and Non-M.I.D.C area is about 575.63 Mm3. There are 80 sugar factories in the basin and water requirement of these sugar factories is 29.75 Mm3. Seven thermal power stations having generation capacity of 6875 MW require 255.5 Mm3 of water.

The problems faced in management of industrial water supply are as given below –

i) Water contamination is on the rise in city areas. Industries use a lot of drinking water, but do not treat waste water proportionately.

ii) Low-cost water treatment technology is not easily available. iii) The industrial water supply scheme is required to cater domestic water supply to

nearby or en-route areas in some cases. The management of the same with respect to supply, assessment and recovery becomes difficult.

iv) Considerable time is required to repair the meters installed for volumetric measurement because most of the brands are imported and are electronic type.

v) The distribution and storage losses are very high vi) Industries are not yet serious about recycling of waste water and reuse.




Suggested Plan

The system for detection of losses which includes leakages and un-authorized use should be installed. Recycle and reuse of waste water should be made mandatory. The supply should be metered Effluent Treatment Plants should be installed and maintained Water conservation at every level of production should be taken care of. Eg. Natural Sugar and Allied Industries, Latur is the least water consuming sugar industry in the country At present industrial-effluents are being treated individually by separate units. Instead, the MIDC should install a Central Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) and treated water should be reused 11.1.20.4.1 Case Study:: Eco STPbased on Phyto-enzyme The Phyto-enzyme based Eco Sewage Treatment Plant (Eco STP) concept is an effective way of treating sewage and effluents without using electricity or chemicals. This technique is based on the biological action of phyto-enzymes, root-zone (phyto-remediation), and bacterial activity.

Phyto-enzymes used in the Eco-STP act as a natural catalyst which helps in pH correction, odor neutralization, treating pollutants, and creating a conducive environment for different biota. Phyto-enzyme dosing depends on the type and concentration of pollutants in the sewage/ effluent, as well as the volume of sewage/ effluent.

Since there is no need for mechanical aeration and throughout the STP the wastewater flows by gravity, no electricity is needed. However, pumping may be necessary for delivering wastewater from different areas of the industrial campus to the Eco STP. Typical capital expenditure for constructing the Eco STP is approximately Rs. 40,000-50,000 per KL of wastewater treated for capacities up to 50 KLD. For industrial campuses where adequate space is available, the Eco STP is a good option that adds aesthetic value to the landscape, besides being eco-friendly and cost-effective.

(Reference: Eco-friendly sewage treatment technologies can give back much needed water and nutrients to Indian agriculture, A.V. Paranjpye, 10th Feb 2016, Unpublished)

11.1.20.5 Solar Power: Conjunctive use of solar and conventional power for increasing irrigation system efficiency:

Solar power does not require water as an input per say. However, in the Godavari basin we have a huge network of canals where on the lines of Gujarat State, it would be possible to develop a Solar Power Grid, which would simultaneously act as a barrier / measure for reducing evaporation losses and at the same time provides space for capturing solar energy. One of the important constraints faced by the irrigation distribution system is the availability of energy for lifting, pumping water from canals or from reservoirs, since thermal and diesel are expensive and unreliable sources. Further, farmers have to often work at odd hours at night when electricity is made available during the non-peak hours. Solar energy solves this problem since it is primarily available during day time. The energy thus produced could be used for increasing the efficiency of the irrigation distribution network. It would be beneficial to tie-up with companies like Sun-Edison (U.S) and other companies in Australia, which has 5440 MW of installed Photovoltaic capacity. This power could be used for transmission, recycling and reuses of water in remote areas or in water scarce areas, since they have a comparative advantage in terms of number of sunny days. While solar power is still




capital intensive in nature it has superior long run viability due to low O and M and R cost and its amenability to be centrally controlled through fully automated systems.

It is therefore strongly recommended that the WRD i n coordination with MEDA conducts detailed investigations for setting u p pilot projects in the water scarce basins of middle Godavari. Note: The Charanka Solar Park at 214 MW the largest in the world was commissioned on April 19, 2012, along with a total of 605 MW in Gujarat, representing 2/3 of India's installed photovoltaic capacity, for harvesting solar energy.

India's PPP Model for rooftop solar program:

Recently the State of Gujarat has tried a novel Public Private Partnership (PPP) concept for providing boost to the rooftop solar program in order to achieve the targets set under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. The Gujarat Government aims to set up 5 MW roof top solar projects in the state capital city of Gandhinagar - promoted as the model solar city of India.

It is recommended that the PPP concept as used at Gandhinagar, be used as an example to be replicated in cities within Godavari Basin, especially Class II and Class III cities where currently there is shortage and load-shedding.

The Scheme on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater through dug wells in hard rock areas in seven states is facing problems due to the overexploitation of groundwater. Pursuant to the announcement made by the Honorable Minister of Finance in his Budget Speech, 2007, a State Sector Scheme on ‘Artificial Recharge to Groundwater through dug wells’ during the Eleventh Plan is under implementation in 1180 over-exploited, critical, and semi-critical blocks in the seven states namely, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh at an estimated cost of Rs 1798.71 crores. The scheme aims to facilitate improvement in the groundwater situation in the affected areas, increase the sustainability of wells during lean period, improve quality of groundwater, and involve the community in water resource management in the affected areas.

11.1.21 National Water Policy (2012): The section on present scenario of water resources management in India, it is

stated that growing pollution of water sources, especially through industrial effluents, is affecting the availability of safe water besides causing environmental and health hazards. In many parts of the country, large stretches of rivers are both heavily polluted and devoid of flows to support aquatic ecology, cultural needs and aesthetics. Water quality and quantity are interlinked and need to be managed in an integrated manner, consistent with broader environmental management approaches inter-alia including the use of economic incentives and penalties to reduce pollution and wastage. Further, Section 8.3 of this chapter states that Urban settlements, encroachments and any developmental activities in the protected upstream areas of reservoirs/water bodies, key aquifer recharge areas that pose a potential threat of contamination, pollution, reduced recharge and those endanger wild and human life should be strictly regulated. Section 8.5 states that the sources of water and water bodies should not be allowed to get polluted. System of third party periodic inspection should be evolved and stringent punitive actions be taken against the persons responsible for pollution.




It is recommended in Section 11.4, that in urban and industrial areas, rainwater harvesting and desalinization, wherever techno-economically feasible, should be encouraged to increase availability of utilizable water. Implementation of rainwater harvesting should include scientific monitoring of parameters like hydrogeology, groundwater contamination, pollution and spring discharges.

11.1.22 Management of domestic and industrial water resource

11.1.22.1 Water Auditing: All the municipal councils should carry out annual water auditing which will bring forth the areas and avenues of water saving in the specific locations. Some water thefts and leaks can also be detected from the same and the water losses can be improved. Such audits are now mandatory in all the urban centers. All the Municipal Councils have initiated actions for preparing Water Audit reports. A survey and identification system on groundwater use primarily in urban area and industries is recommended after which notices may be issued for regulating the use of groundwater.

11.1.22.2 Conjunctive water use: Conjunctive use of ground water and surface water is not a new concept. This concept is in use for approximately three decades. The term ‘conjunctive’ means to integrate surface and ground water resources in simple words it is the simultaneous use of both resources. It includes interaction between surface and ground water recharge, hydrological cycle and water balance components. These parameters will be used for modeling the groundwater flow and interaction with surface water.

Concept of conjunctive use is one of the tools leading to water management. Many a times, under use of available water resources and increasing groundwater storage gives rise to water logging and salinity problems. Effective groundwater resources management in irrigated areas is necessary for optimal use of groundwater as well as surface water. Our national water policy advocates that these two components need to be utilized as supplementary to each other to derive maximum benefits. Hence, practicing conjunctive use has emerged as the remedial measure for water logging and salinity. This issue demands attention and caution from the individual water user as well as from community.

Conjunctive use is the coordinated activity for the use of surface water and groundwater taking into consideration the availability, requirement, management and social, technical and legal aspects. However, before implementing this aspect assessment of surface water and groundwater resources should be made through detailed studies.

Since most of the rural population is already dependent on ground water even for their domestic needs, ground water and surface water should be used in a conjunctive manner. Many of the rural water supply schemes are being fed by groundwater. The concept of conjunctive water should be expanded to the use of recycled water for non-potable secondary uses in addition to groundwater and surface water. This will bring down the net fresh water requirement by around 30%

Depending on topography, hydro-meteorological conditions, percentage of urban and rural population the conjunctive use of water will be different. For e.g. if we consider the Godavari basin as upper Godavari (west), Middle Godavari, and lower Godavari (Eastern Vidarbha); the Upper Godavari basin has highly mountainous areas, which cannot hold the water, due to steep slopes. Therefore it is necessary to use groundwater




as the primary source of water and surface water as secondary source of water during lean period. On the other hand, the Eastern Vidarbha zone is covered with dense forest, and there are many Malguzari tanks which allow the use of surface water as a primary source for drinking-domestic purpose.

The other important factor for using water in conjunctive manner is that it does not require separate system for water distribution in case of the rural areas. By minimizing the capital investment surface and groundwater sources can be used optimally.

11.1.22.3 Case Studies: 11.1.22.3.1 Bembla and Wardha sub-basin: Conjunctive use by using domestic or low polluted e ffluents:

The conjunctive use of water also refers to using fresh water either of canal or well with levels of pollution low enough for agriculture water that comes from treated waste water from domestic use and industrial use. The research data indicates that single irrigation of lowly polluted water is to be followed by two well water or canal water irrigation. Such a scheme is proposed by use of mixed water of treated domestic effluent with canal water at Yawatmal-Borgaon LBC, Washim-Adan LBC, Chandrapur-Malkhed LBC, and Upper Wardha - Dhamangaon Dattapur & Arvi Lower Wardha - Deoli & Pulgaon in Wardha sub-basin. The results of this method need to be evaluated and documented.

11.1.23 Water for environment and importance of E-flows: 11.1.23.1 Introduction: Availability of water is a critical aspect for preserving ecosystems like forests, grasslands, riparian areas, aquatic habitats, etc. Likewise it is important to preserve ecosystems within the basin in order to maintain and regulate the amount of water running off into the river system and that which is stored in the aquifers. Since there are numerous ecological services associated with them, preserving the integrity of ecosystems within the river basin is one of the key aspects of Integrated River Basin Management.

It is found that the water quality and habitat maintenance in the river best reflect the efficiency of water and land management in the basin. The section therefore focuses on identifying policies for maintaining adequate, seasonal river flows while also emphasizing on the water quality and habitat preservation in the river.

11.1.23.2 Ecosystems in the Godavari Basin: Godavari basin has various types of ecosystems like, terrestrial ecosystems such as, forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, mountain ecosystem, agro-ecosystem, and aquatic ecosystems such as, pond ecosystem, lake-ecosystem, riverine ecosystem, wetland ecosystem, etc. Availability of water is very essential for any ecosystem to perform its function.

Environment forms an integral part of any system. Ecosystem is a community of living organisms whose function depends on the abiotic components of the environment. Each ecosystem is characterized by the its own distinctive component and the functioning of any ecosystem depends on the complex relationship of energy transfer through food chains and food webs and the nature of the ecological cycles. The natural forms of ecosystems include forests, mountains, deserts whereas the artificial or human induced ecosystems include agriculture, pasture land and industrial areas.




11.1.23.3 Status of forests in Godavari basin, Maharashtra: The eastern most part of the sub-basin i.e. Vidarbha division has very dense forest cover ranging from about 48% to 87%. Sub-basins which have more than 25% forest cover are Wainganga, Bagh, Gadhvi, Pench, Andhari, Khobragadi, Pranhita, and Indravati.

11.1.23.4 Environmental Flows: Among Indian water experts, Anil Mohile and Gupta have recommended that “environmental water requirements should include the requirements of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and that the former would include direct evapotranspiration through forests, wetlands and other lands, all supporting distinct ecologies, while the latter would then be understood as environmental flows”.

In India, importance of eflows is being recognized fairly recently, the concept of safeguarding water for the ecosystems is not new to India. According to Dr. Madhav Chitale, older dams had an outlet to maintain continuous flow in the river in the downstream called as Ram Dhara. In several sacred groves (community protected forest areas) where rivers originate, there is a provision for water for animals and birds. Across faiths, sacred pools in rivers are protected

Increasing demand, changing precipitation patterns, widespread Dam development and unregulated abstraction of water from rivers and surrounding groundwater aquifers have converted perennial rivers like Godavari and Bhima into seasonal ones, though they were originally perennial.They are crucial not only for drinking water supply, irrigation and hydropower, but also play important social and cultural roles.

11.1.23.5 CWC Guidelines for Preparation of River Basin Master Plan The CWC guidelines take an approach similar to that of NWP 2012. Point 11.6 of Chapter 11 “Water Uses” speaks exclusively about ensuring minimum flows in rivers, and treating it as a use of water necessary “to maintain water quality, river regime, maintenance of river eco-system or other public necessities such as bathing, drinking water for cattle etc”.

11.1.23.6 Environmental Flows (E-Flows) Most of the rivers in Peninsular India including Godavari were perennial in the distant past due to large percentage of area under forest cover then and very low GW exploitation then. There used to be a good flow to the rivers even in summer season. During last century, forest cover has appreciably reduced. Size of family land holding has reduced from 1/3rd to 1/4th of what it was at the time of independence. It compelled farmers to exploit GW to increase land productivity of the reduced land holding, for their survival. GW was also exploited on large scale to grow sugar cane, grapes and high value seasonal cash crops even in drought prone areas. Hence during last 3-4 decades, most of the rivers were running dry after December-January in most of the years. Large and small dams are usually but erroneously, blamed for this situation. With or without the dams the situation of river flows in rivers would have been the same. On the contrary because of seasonal irrigation and perennial irrigation in the canal commands, there remains some flow in the rivers due to regenerated flow from irrigation. On that account, dams contribute to E-Flows indirectly.

In view of this situation, releasing water from reservoirs to maintain E-Flows has no logic or basis to justify. If it is still to be released, question would be who would bear the cost of water so released and secondly, how to take care of the cultivators who would be




deprived of irrigation facilities. Thirdly how we are going to restrict and control lifting of water from the river used to irrigate lands on river banks. For want of such control ultimately there would be no E-Flow in such rivers. At present most of the cities and towns are patently releasing untreated or partially treated sewage in rivers and polluting long stretches of the rivers on downstream. If sewage is treated to make it suitable for irrigation and is released in rivers, there would be some flow in rivers all the year round. But in all probability, cultivators on the banks of rivers would lift it to irrigate their lands and there would not be any flow again. By depriving irrigators in the command from irrigation from reservoirs (to meet rising urban and industrial demand), we would provide water to cultivators along river banks by lifting it and providing huge subsidy on electricity charges and causing increased carbon emissions. Under these circumstances, maintaining E-Flows in most of the rivers in the state would be difficult or impossible in reality. In the rivers like Indravati, Wainganga & Pranhita, where forest cover is sizeable and GW exploitation is also poor so far, there are good flows to these rivers even in summer months as at present. But if their water is lifted and transferred to water-short basins in the future (many such schemes are under consideration), there may be a problem with the summer flows in these rivers in times to come.

As a concept, maintaining of E-Flows is no doubt useful and desirable. But the situation of water demand is dynamic and demand is bound to increase in future due to an increase in population and an increased rate of urbanization. Looking at these limitations and constraints it would not be possible to adopt maintaining of E-Flows in reality.

11.1.23.7 Completed ongoing / proposed structures on rivers: Most of the river in sub basins of Godavari basin are not perennial and becomes dry from month of December onwards except few rivers viz. Indrawati, Wainganga and Pranhita, water is flowing only in rainy days and as and when water is released into the rivers from the dam. Details of completed /ongoing /proposed barrages / K.T weirs on the rivers for environment protection are given in table below.

About 631 dam’s /barrages/ K.T. weirs are to be taken for keeping the environmental flow in the river. Of which 279 structures are completed 27 are under construction and 325 structures are proposed.




Table 11-1: Completed /ongoing /proposed structures on the rivers for environment

Sr.No Name of sub basin Structures (K.T. Weir/ Barrage)

Completed Ongoing Proposed Total

1 Upper Godavari 15 2 10 27

2 Mula 21 - - 21

3 Pravara 17 - - 17

4 Middle Godavari 7 12 - 19

5 Manjara 6 - - 6

6 Terana 59 - - 59

7 Lendi 24 - - 24

8 Manar 29 - - 29

9 Dudhana 12 2 5 19

10 Purna 6 4 3 13

11 Kayadhu - - 22 22

12 Sudha-Swarna - - -

13 Penganga 6 - 55 61

14 Pus - - 25 25

15 Arunavati - - 46 46

16 Bembala - 1 1 2

17 Wardha 1 3 6 10

18 Venna 47 - 48 95

19 Erai 2 - 5 7

20 Andhari - - 8 8

21 Nag - - 6 6

22 Kolar 5 - 11 16

23 Kanhan - 1 1 2

24 Pench 2 - 6 8

25 Wainganga 4 1 31 36

26 Bagh 14 - 1 15

27 Gadhavi 2 - 5 7

28 Khobragadi - 1 10 11

29 Pranhita - - 7 7

30 Indravati - - 9 9

Total 279 27 325 631

Source: Sub-basin wise studies carried out by agencies.




The important point is that in the Maharashtra segment of the Godavari basin i.e.49%, the estimated annual average availability of water is 53 BCM, utilizable as per Chitale Commission38 BCM, as per Award 28.33 BCM. Current maximum use of water for all uses in Maharashtra is about 17 BCM. The implication is that, currently at least about 11 BCM of water is flowing into Telangana as E-flow . However the problem is that most of it flows during the rainy season, thereby reducing the lean period flow considerably. Therefore, in order to augment the lean period flows from Oct-June, all the barrages and K.T. weirs which do not have canals will inevitably perform the task of maintaining E-flows. However, the River Basin Agency (Proposed) will need to appoint the officer(s) in-charge for observing the river discharges, in order to ensure that the main river course and major tributaries contain E-flows at all times.

As the dams under construction are completed, and the utilization increases rapidly, greater and greater care will have to be taken to ensure that E-flows are maintained.

11.1.24 Resilience to Climate Change: Climate resilience can be generally defined as the capacity for a socio-ecological system to: (1) absorb stresses and maintain function in the face of external stresses imposed upon it by climate change and (2) adapt, reorganize, and evolve into more desirable configurations that improve the sustainability of the system, leaving it better prepared for future climate change impacts.

In short, if the challenges posed by the Global Warming and the Climate Change on the Water sector are to be effectively countered, we would have to chalk out an adaptive strategy which would ensure minimum loss in utility of the existing Water Resource Development Infrastructure and would achieve success of the future plans of development by taking appropriate actions as above, and as summarized in the section 15.2.16:

11.1.25 Background and Justification: Several strategies are being implemented by the global community to combat climate change impacts on water and livelihood. The recent findings contained in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports indicate that these inevitable impacts would be much more pronounced in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, where agrarian livelihoods are precariously dependent on water.

According to the Central Water Commission's (CWC) preliminary report on the Effect of Climate Change in India (2008), it has been predicted that there will be a rise in rainfall intensity and extreme rainfall episodes in Central Indian river-basins like the Godavari River Basin and its tributaries. The Wainganga River basin is known as an assured rainfall zone and receives about 114 cm. of rainfall each year spread over 6 months from the South west and the North east monsoon winds. It has been predicted that there will be an increase in rainfall and its intensity and an increase in temperature by around 0.5 degrees to 2 degrees Celsius by 2030. Today, a commonly observed phenomenon in Central India is that the dry spells in the monsoons have considerably increased, despite the average rainfall values not showing appreciable change.




11.1.26 Recommendation for industrial water management: It is recommended that additional investments, by way of intra-sub-basin transfers be made in the 6 water scarce basin in order to satisfy the drinking / domestic requirements. Water Pollution Act: Even though the Rules and Regulations for operating the water pollution control Act are in place, there is a huge gap between statutory expectations and actual implementation and enforcement practices. This gap will need to be covered not only by providing the MPCB with necessary staff and water testing facilities and laboratories, etc but also by stridently enforcing the regulations on local government bodies through heavy penalties / or incentives.

11.1.27 Recommendations for maintaining E-flows: 1. Increasing Irrigation Efficiency: Increased irrigation efficiency through timely

maintenance of canals and distribution systems, adoption micro irrigation techniques, equitable water distribution in a basin, etc., will irrigate more area with less water, saving water to be released as eflows for people and nature.

2. Better management of Groundwater and aquifers: Preparing a groundwater aquifer map of the Godavari basin, and marking recharge and discharge zones. Recharge of aquifers to be calculated and draft to be regulated through implementation of Groundwater Act (2009). Regulated Groundwater use will result in sustainable groundwater levels, lasting benefits to farmers as well as better base flows in rivers.

3. Cap on Sand mining in exploited areas and dry zones: River bank sand helps in maintaining base flow in rivers, stabilizes river banks and provides habitat to a number of species. Sand Mining and Dry Rivers is a vicious, interdependent cycle. Flows in rivers can limit sand mining to a large extent and good sand cover will help maintaining flows.

4. Treatment and reuse of Municipal Sewage: In keeping with the High Court Order in case of Nashik City, Godavari and Kumbh Mela, all Municipal Corporations and Councils should treat their sewage and either release it for agriculture or reuse it in the city. Equal amount of water to be released from the dam for the river.

5. Capping and streamlining Urban Water Use through integration of increased water supply efficiency, water auditing, demand management, exploring and using local water sources, rainwater harvesting, treatment and reuse of urban sewage, etc. There is a huge scope of reducing the footprint of urban areas on dams and securing flows for the river.

6. Increased efficiency in Industrial water use: All industrial MIDCs to have efficiently working Effluent Treatment and Common Effluent Treatment Plants. Steps towards Zero Discharge and 100% reuse to be made operational. Mandatory rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge wherever necessary.




11.1.28 Recommendations for resilience to climate change impacts:

1. Design all dams for a lower dependability so as to have larger size storages.

2. Provide carryover storage capacity in dams at the planning stage.

3. Set up River Basin Organizations to enable coordinated operation of all reservoirs to mitigate flood hazards and to share distress during drought years.

4. Increase live storages of completed dams suitably, to make good loss in live storage on account of siltation of reservoirs.

5. Adopt soft options of improving efficiency of completed projects and hard option of taking up all possible new storages / river diversion schemes.

6. Ensure adequate treatment to all the effluent generated from non-irrigation use, for its use in irrigated agriculture, to increase food productivity and to prevent pollution of rivers and reservoirs.

7. Exploit environment-friendly hydropower projects, including pumped storage schemes.

8. Implement Interlinking of rivers at the National and the State level, to ensure optimum exploitation and equitable allocation of water.

9. It is recommended that studies should be carried out in order to modify the cropping pattern, coping mechanism, tackling natural calamities, and reducing financial losses.In order to do this, sub-basin level rainfall / precipitation assessment be done for the last 25 years (for five-year time slices) and preparing maps for calculating a five year moving average on the lines suggested earlier.

The results of such studies should be integrated into broader strategy. e.g., Rice-bran oil production in the predominantly paddy cultivating areas; production of organic jaggery, making pellets of Cotton stock and Sugarcane bagasse for energy generation etc., which contribute to climate-adaptation.

11.1.29 References Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance And Redevelopment) Act, 1971 National Water Policy, 2012 Maharashtra State Water Policy, 2003 Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission guidelines 2011 Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran https://mjp.maharashtra.gov.in/ Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), Mission statement and Guidelines, June 2015 Water Supply and Sanitation Support Organization, Department for Drinking water Supply and Sanitation http://wsso.in/ India's PPP Model for rooftop solar program – Gujarat Model, Renewable Energy, Mind Crunch, Rasika Gokhale-Athawale Aggregated data of 30 sub-basins of Godavari, GoM, 2015