integrating adaptation: extra care 4 exeter
DESCRIPTION
Gale & Snowden's presentation at Ecobuild 2012 as part of the 'Designing for Climate Change Adaptation: Opportunities for Architecture' seminar.TRANSCRIPT
architects • engineersintegrated sustainable designmechanical engineeringnatural ventilation designpassivhaus consultancyhealthy building designlandscape design permaculture designbuilding monitoringresearch & development
Exeter OfficeExeter Bank Chambers67 High StreetExeterDevonEX4 3DTTel. 01392 279220Fax. 01392 279036
Bideford Office18 Market Place
BidefordDevon
EX39 2DR(Registered Office)Tel. 01237 474952Fax. 01237 425669
Integrating Adaptation:Extra Care 4 Exeter
Designing for climate change adaptation: Opportunities for Architecture
Our Team• Exeter City Council,
Client, Project Manager, Structural and Civil Engineers
• Gale & Snowden Architects, Mechanical Engineers, Landscape Architects
• Exeter University
• Jenkins Hansford Partnership - QS
Passivhaus certified
Passive natural vent Permaculture design
Landscape integration
Project Starting Point
• New build 50 flats and communal facilities
• Restrictive site• Shading of external
courtyard space making it unusable
• Institutional building with central corridor
• Natural cross ventilation not possible
Shading diagram June 21st 18.00
There is an overwhelming scientific consensus that the climate is changing
We will need to adapt our buildings so that they can cope with
higher temperatures, more extreme weather and changes in rainfall
Design for Future ClimateClimate Change Adaptation Strategy
South West climate change is likely to have the following effects:
• average temperatures in the south west are expected to rise by 4-6 degrees over the next 80 years
• average solar radiation is expected to increase significantly, increasing the exposure to UV
• increase in exposure to pollen and higher ozone levels
• wind loads and storm intensity are likely to increase
• 50% reduced rainfall in summer with longer periods of drought and
• 50% increased rainfall in winter
Weather files used: 2030, 2050 & 2080 @ 50 percentile
MethodologyAnalysis• Literature research• Case studies• Thermal modelling past
projects with future weather files
• Risk Assessment• Ongoing IES thermal
modelling at early design stages
• PHPP (Passive House Planning Package)
• Fluid dynamics analysis• Occupant heat stress
analysis• Cost matrix• Integrated team studio
working
2030, 2050 & 2080 @ 50 percentile with high CO2 emission scenario
Future Climate Change Risk Assessment
• User group vulnerability• Increased internal temperatures • Increased external temperatures • Changing rainfall patterns • Localised air pollution
Key
Comfort
Construction
Water Management
Climate Change Adaptation Design• High levels of
Dementia care• Cluster design• Usable soft-centre
courtyard• Connection to others• Community and
privacy
low energy - healthy - integrated landscape – non institutional
Passive Adaptation 4 Heat1. Passive• Cross ventilation• Super insulated
envelope• Intelligent
ventilation control• Extracting heat at
source• Mass vs light weight• Living plants /
landscape• Solar shading
Cross flow vent 10-15% over heating improvement over single sided ventilation
Overheating Criteria not to exceed 1% occupied hours over 25oC
Super-insulated, air tight envelope helps to stabilise internal temperatures and reduce solar gain penetration 3 – 6% improvement
Intelligent window control 4% improvement
Mass vs light weight 2-4% improvement with mass
Local shading 2% improvement
Relocation of internal heat gains from plant outside thermal envelope 5% improvement
Green microclimate reduce summer temperatures by 3oC
Evaporation / Transpiration
Green roofPleasant shaded spaces for cooling
Less 1.5oc by microclimate
Active Adaptation 4 Heat2. People centred• Management / staff heat
stress awareness and training
• Drinking points• No cooking in flats
during heat waves• Room ceiling fans
3. Active design• Heat extraction at
source• Temperature sensor
warning system for vent control
• MVHR coupled with ventilation control
• MVHR ground cooling
Early warning temperature system to aid intelligent window ventilation control
MVHR Activated during heat waves for minimum fresh air
Windows closed when external air temperatures are hotter than inside 2-4% reduction
Ceiling mounted fans increase air movement and sweat evaporation
Heat extract at source
Supply air reduced by 10oC in summer combined with closing windows above 22-25oC reduces overheating to zero 2080
Close loop ground to brine heat exchanger
Drinking point to aid hydration
Adaptation 4 Air Pollution Healthy design• Good ventilation rates• Thermal comfort• Filtration of pollutants
and pollen using MVHR when needed
• Removal of CO2 by
MVHR• Non-VOC materials• Plants used to help
clean air• Cleanable surfaces to
reduce dust mites infestation
• Radial wiring to reduce EMFs
Plants removes VOCs & CO2
MVHR removes VOCs & CO2
VOCs
CO2
MVHR with pollen filter for affected users
MVHR at night for security on ground floors
Smoke / smog particulates filtered by MVHR
Mosquito insect mesh on opening windows in summer
Pollen
MVHR provides good air quality in bedrooms at night when windows are shut
VOCs
Building and Landscape design working together to provide healthy environments
Courtyard design provides fresh air microclimate
Adaptation 4 RainfallWater strategies• Water retention via
planting and landscape design
• Irrigation SUDs system
• Rainwater collection
Oversized gutters and downpipes
Wetter winters dryer summers – future rain files need adapting for designers
Rain water harvesting tank on flat roof:Option A – ground and plants irrigation onlyOption B – as A plus flushing WCs, Sluices and laundry
For flushing WCs
For sluice rooms
Storage point at ground level
Water attenuation by rootsRainwater storage crate system = underground swale irrigation system
Lower collection point for overflow
SUDS / Attenuation system
External area left for rain water harvesting tankRain water harvesting under ground option B
Aquaculture
Integrated Landscape Landscape• Thermal comfort - cooling, shading• Water - collection and reuse• Biodiversity• Health & well being• Plants choice
- species suited to challenging conditions, winds, drought, occasional flooding
• Minimise hard surfacing
Roof GardenCooling effectHealth and WelfareBiodiversity
Adaptation for Heat, Rainfall, and Air pollution,
Green roof 70-200cm substrateSedum, herb, grasses Biodiversity.Reduce peak runoff.Reduce annual runoff by50-60%Cooler surfaces Improve air quality
Deciduous climbers growing up balconieslocal shading
Green microclimate reduce summer temperatures by 3oC
Evaporation / Transpiration
Pleasant shaded spaces for cooling
Permeable paving to allow percolation into soils
Rainwater collectionFor reuse in garden areas
Layered structure to planting, deciduous canopy for summer shading
Sequence of rainwater storage crates for natural percolation to planting and pumped irrigation
Courtyard fresh airmicro-climate
Internal planting remove VOC’s and CO2,
Design to allow flooding into central planting shallow swale
Life Cycle CostingCumulative Energy Related Costs
Cumulative energy costs for an Extra Care facility, built to 2010 Building Regulation requirements, for heating, cooling and additional future investments required to maintain adequate comfort conditions over the lifetime of the building.
All costs have been discounted at 5% to represent present value. An annual increase in fuel costs of 4% has been allowed for and a reduction of heating demand of 30% from 2050 to 2080 has been included.
Life Cycle CostingCumulative Energy Related Costs
Cumulative energy costs for an Extra Care facility, built to Passivhaus Standard, for heating, cooling and additional future investments required to maintain adequate comfort conditions over the lifetime of the building.
All costs have been discounted at 5% to represent present value. An annual increase in fuel costs of 4% has been allowed for and a reduction of heating demand of 30% from 2050 to 2080 has been included.
Life Cycle CostingCumulative Energy Related Costs
Comparison of Cumulative Energy costs:
Payback of additional initial investment after approx. 13 years
All costs have been discounted at 5% to represent present value. An annual increase in fuel costs of 4% has been allowed for and a reduction of heating demand of 30% from 2050 to 2080 has been included.
Summary of findings• Early consideration
• Employ sound building physics
• Thermal modelling
• Building layout designed for cross ventilation
• Well insulated & airtight
• Design for microclimates
• Simplicity
Air conditioning can be avoided into 2080 with a passive approach
The Climate Change Adaptation work has directly influenced the design of the building
A new indoor public municipal pool facility for Exeter, designed to meet Passivhaus standard including a main National/County standard swimming pool and a learners pool with supporting facilities, cafe, spa and fitness area.
Swim 4 Exeter
Passivhaus swimming pool designed for Future Climate Change
architects • engineersintegrated sustainable designmechanical engineeringnatural ventilation designpassivhaus consultancyhealthy building designlandscape design permaculture designbuilding monitoringresearch & development
Exeter OfficeExeter Bank Chambers67 High StreetExeterDevonEX4 3DTTel. 01392 279220Fax. 01392 279036
Bideford Office18 Market Place
BidefordDevon
EX39 2DR(Registered Office)Tel. 01237 474952Fax. 01237 425669
Integrating Adaptation:Extra Care 4 Exeter
Designing for climate change adaptation: Opportunities for Architecture