integrating quality systems in construction projects

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    Internationa.Journa.o.Projec.Managemen.Vol.17.

    No.5.pp.317322.199..199.Elsevie.Scienc.Lt.an.IPMA.

    Al.right.reserve.Printe.i.Grea.Britai.0263-7863/9.$20.0..0.0.

    PII.S0263-7863(98)00048-.

    Integratin.qualit.system.i.constructio.projects.th.Chilea.

    Alfred.Serpel.

    Departmen.o.Constructio.Engineerin.an.Management.Pontici.

    Universida.Catolic.d.

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    Chile.Casill.306.Corre.22.Santiago.Chil.

    .summar.o.th.principa.characteristics.problems.limitation.an.benet.

    o.th.integratio.o.qualit.system.base.o.th.IS.900.i.Chilea.

    constructio.projects.i.presented.Thes.implementatio.processe.wer.carrie.ou.b.di.eren.constructio.companie.wit.n.previou.experienc.o.qualit.system.o.IS.9000.a.

    th.requiremen.o.

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    on.owner.Th.particula.an.genera.characteristic.

    o.th.processe.an.th.lesson.learne.ar.analyse.accordin.t.th.

    appraisa.o.th.di.eren.participants.Specia.focu.i.give.t.th.impac.tha.

    qualit.system.ha.o.th.relationshi.betwee.th.owne.an.it.contractors.Finally.som.recommendation.ar.propose.fo..successfu.integratio.o.qualit.system.i.

    constructio.projects.a.

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    wel.a.fo.futur.implementation.i.countrie.

    wit.limite.experienc.o.thi.regard..199.Elsevie.Scienc.Lt.an.

    IPMA.Al.right.reserve.

    Keywords.qualit.systems.IS.9000.constructio.projects.

    owners.requirements.constructio.procuremen.

    Introductio.

    Durin.th.las.decade.th.activitie.o.qualit.assur.anc.i.mos.o.Chilea.constructio.companie.

    hav.bee.limite.

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    onl.t.mee.th.technica.specication.o.

    na.products.wit..stron.dependenc.o.th.owner'.inspection..However.thi.

    approac.i.chan.gin.rapidl.an.severa.owner.ar.no.transferrin.th.responsibilit.

    fo.qualit.assuranc.t.contractors.Thi.situatio.ha.impelle.constructio.companie.t.mak.e.ort.t.implemen.qualit.system.i.thei.pro.jects.I.i.importan.

    t.not.tha.

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    i.Chile.mos.o.th.constructio.project.

    ar.contracte.usin.th.tra.ditiona.approac.an.tha.othe.approache.lik.

    th.design-constructio.o.turn-ke.contract.ar.seldo.used.

    Qualit.assuranc.an.

    qualit.managemen.ar.topic.tha.hav.receive.hig.leve.o.attentio.durin.th.las.decad.i.man.countrie.an.industria.sec.tors.A.state.b.

    Hirao,.company-wid.qualit.

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    man.agemen.ha.becom..seriou.concer.

    fo.businesse.al.ove.th.world.However.i.th.constructio.indus.tr.

    th.applicatio.o.qualit.managemen.concept.an.tool.ha.bee.mor.dicul.du.

    t.it.reactiv.natur.an.th.complexitie.o.th.constructio.pro.cess.A.reporte.b.Bade.Hellard3.i..stud.o.ex.perience.i.1.

    countries.th.constructio.

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    industr.ha.lagge.behin.othe.industria.sector.

    i.thes.countries.Thi.ha.als.bee.th.cas.i.Chil.an.

    mos.o.th.Lati.America.countries.4..

    Researc.wa.carrie.ou.

    t.understan.th.pro.blems.limitation.an.benet.expecte.fro.th.inte.gratio.o.qualit.system.(QS.i.a.environmen.wit.limite.knowledg.an.experienc.

    i.thi.topic.

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    an.ho.th.relationshi.betwee.a.owne.

    an.it.contractor.ca.b.a.ecte.b.thi.situation.A.ad.ditiona.

    focu.o.thi.stud.wa.t.observ.ho.i.poss.ibl.a.ect.th.

    procuremen.o.constructio.services.I.th.case.studied.Q.wa..procuremen.obligatio.an.th.longe.ter.issu.her.i.whethe.i.shoul.alway.b.

    on.o.whethe.

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    Q.become.`secon.nature'.

    T.

    achiev.th.previou.objectives.thre.construc.tio.companie.whic.wer.runnin.v.

    constructio.project.betwee.Novembe.199.an.Apri.199.wer.observe.an.interview.applie.

    t.projects.personnel.Th.contractor.wer.contractuall.require.b.th.owne.t.appl.qualit.system.base.o.IS.900.serie.durin.th.executio.o.minin.

    projects.Th.descriptio.

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    o.th.project.observe.i.th.stud.

    i.show.i.Tabl.1.alon.wit.th.tim.a.whic.th.

    ob.servatio.o.sit.wa.carrie.out.

    Th.interview.wer.carrie.

    ou.throug.al.th.level.o.personne.involve.i.th.Q.implementatio.processes..tota.o.3.person.wer.interviewed.a.show.i.Tabl.2.

    Figur.

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    .show.th.relationshi.betwee.th.di.eren.

    participant.involve.i.th.Q.implementatio.pro.cesses.Regardin.th.project.include.

    i.th.study.th.followin.aspect.ar.interestin.t.not.fo.clari.catio.

    purposes.

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    Qualit.system.i.constructio.projectsth.Chilea.

    case..Serpel.

    Tabl..Descriptio.o.project.studie.(adapte.

    fro.Crovetto6.

    Contractor'.Previou.Q.Projec.Typ.Completio.ter.(months.Experienc.

    Dat.o.study.(months.

    .Civi.work.an.stee.structure.1.N.2...Civi.works.pipin.an.stee.structure..N..

    .Civi.works.

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    pipin.an.stee.structure..N..

    .Civi.works.pipin.an.stee.structure..N.1...Civi.

    works.pipin.an.stee.structure.1.YE.1.

    *Tim.fro.th.

    beginnin.o.th.projec.Tabl..Projec.Descriptio.o.interviewe.personne.(adapte.fro.Crovetto6.To.compan.managemen.Sit.Professional.QA/Q.Oc.Cre.Foreme.Sit.Administrative.

    Owner'.Representative.

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    .22322..01210..02220.

    .11010..01110.Totals......

    Figure1Relationshipbetweenprojects'participants

    .Tw.o.th.thre.companie.involve.di.no.hav.

    previou.experienc.i.th.applicatio.o.qualit.sys.tem.i.thei.projects.neithe.di.the.posses.an.knowledg.o.th.IS.900.series.

    .Th.tim.

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    betwee.th.adjudicatio.o.contract.an.th.

    beginnin.o.project.wa.4.day.an.thi.wa.use.fo.th.

    preparatio.an.developmen.phase.o.th.Q.fo.eac.project.

    .

    Th.tw.contracto.companie.withou.experienc.i.QS.require.th.service.o..consultin.compan.whic.ha.acte.a.th.owner'.inspectio.i..pre.

    viou.contract.

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    .Th.contro.o.th.qualit.

    syste.wa.exercise.b.th.owne.itsel.throug.qualit.auditor.a.th.

    sit.tha.wer.traine.durin..previou.contract.

    Th.structur.o.

    th.implementatio.processe.wa.simila.fo.al.th.project.an.i.include.thre.sequentia.phases.preparation.developmen.an.im.plementation.a.describe.i.Figur.2.

    Eac.phas.wa.

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    Figur..Descriptio.o.

    th.phase.o.th.implementatio.proces.

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    Qualit.system.i.constructio.projectsth.Chilea.

    case..Serpel.

    considere.conclude.whe.speci.planne.objective.wer.

    reached.The.i.wa.possibl.t.continu.wit.th.developmen.o.th.nex.

    phase.

    Characteristic.o.th.implementatio.proces.

    Th.Q.implementatio.introduce.change.i.di.er.en.aspect.o.th.organisation.involve.i.th.

    pro.cess.Interview.

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    serve.t.analys.th.impac.o.thi.

    change.an.t.identif.idea.fo.improvin.futur.im.plementations.I.th.

    nex.section.o.thi.paper.th.mai.issue.observe.ar.discussed.

    Characteristic.associate.wit.th.organisationa.structur.o.th.wor.

    Concernin.thei.organisationa.structur.o.site.con.tractor.ha.t.incorporat..Qualit.Assuranc.

    an.Contro.Oc.

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    (QA/QC).whic.wa.directl.unde.th.contro.

    o.Projec.Management.Contractors.sit.or.ganisation.wer.quit.similar.bu.di.erence.

    wer.foun.i.thei.suppor.toward.th.QA/Q.oc.whic.depende.o.th.

    magnitud.o.th.projec.an.o.eac.contractor'.commitmen.t.th.QS.

    Th.principa.novelt.fo.th.owner'.organisation.wa.th.inclusio.o.

    sit.qualit.auditor.

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    i.charg.o.assurin.th.e.ectivenes.o.

    th.contractors.qualit.systems.Du.t.th.lac.o.experienc.o.contractor.

    an.indee.o.thei.own.the.ha.t.b.ver.exibl.an.appea.

    t.th.goo.fait.o.contractor.t.achiev.thi.purpose.

    Characteristic.relate.t.incentive.

    I.orde.t.motivat.an.achiev.th.

    workers.commit.men.

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    t.th.system.th.contractor.too.som.

    o.th.followin.actions.

    .Ke.implementatio.processe.personne.receive.

    monetar.an.non-monetar.incentives..Ther.wa..permanen.presenc.o.

    managemen.o.

    sit.t.sho.commitmen.t.th.qualit.system..Supervisor.wer.consulte.abou.operatin.pro.

    cedure.an.the.participate.

    i.th.elaboratio.

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    o.

    procedure.associate.wit.thei.

    jobs..Objective.pursue.throug.th.implementatio.o.

    Q.wer.

    communicate.i..clea.an.precis.wa.

    t.sit.personnel..

    Personne.wer.convince.tha.trainin.o.Q.woul.

    provid.the.wit.bette.qualication.fo.futur.

    jobs.

    Th.mai.incentiv.

    give.b.th.

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    owne.t.contrac.tors.wa.th.promis.

    t.incorporat.the.int..`shor.list.fo.futur.projects.I.spit.

    o.thi.incentive.con.tractor.wer.no.ver.convince.o.th.benet.o.

    Q.an.th.syste.wa.onl.see.a.a.owner'.contrac.tua.requirement.A..direc.consequenc.o.this.non.o.th.constructio.companie.wa.

    abl.t.maintai.

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    th.applicatio.o.th.syste.beyon.th.

    tim.specie.b.th.contract.

    Characteristic.relate.t.trainin.

    Th.contractor.too.severa.action.t.confron.th.trainin.need.o.personnel.

    a.follows.

    .A.intensiv.all-leve.trainin.progra.a.wor.wa.developed.wit.th.objectiv.o.reducin.th.lac.o.knowledg.an.experienc.

    i.th.us.

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    o.th.concept.an.technique.tha.sustai.

    th.applicatio.o..QS.

    .

    .permanen.evaluatio.o.

    th.learnin.an.progres.o.participant.wa.performed.an..periodica.evaluatio.o.

    th.trainin.progra.wa.carrie.out.

    .Knowledg.matrixe.wer.developed.i.whic.eac.membe.o.th.organisatio.wa.associate.t.th.neede.

    qualit.knowledg.an.

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    abilities.

    I.i.als.importan.

    t.underlin.tha.th.result.obtaine.b.on.contracto.tha.extende.th.

    trainin.program.t.direc.labou.level.wer.no.bette.tha.thos.whic.onl.

    traine.dow.t.foreme.level.Thi.situatio.wa.basicall.du.t.th.lac.o.workers.interest.t.th.wor.pressur.produce.b.th.shor.constructio.

    tim.allowed.an.

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    t.th.lac.o.appropri.at.incentives.

    Barrier.o.limitation.

    A.th.beginnin.o.th.

    Q.implementatio.processes.bot.cultura.an.operationa.barrier.wer.observed.som.o.whic.

    coul.no.b.surpasse.an.notabl.a.ecte.th.succes.o.th.processes.Th.mos.import.an.face.b.th.contractor.wer.a.follows.

    .Lac.o.

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    knowledg.o.th.concept.an.tool.o.

    Q.

    systems..Decien.communicatio.o.objective.t.personnel..

    Unlinke.implementatio.processe.betwee.th.

    mai.oc.an.th.site..

    Imprope.organisatio.o.th.company.no.ade.quat.fo.th.implementatio.process..Lac.o.rea.commitment.leadershi.an.interes.o.th.company'.to.management.

    .Problem.wit.

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    th.denitio.o.th.Q.projec.scop.

    du.t.inexperienc.i.th.topic..Lac.o.interes.an.commitmen.

    o.sit.personnel.

    Furthermore.particula.barrier.face.b.projec.manager.a.

    th.constructio.site.wer.a.follows.

    .Lac.o.knowledg.abou.th.company'.qualit.

    manua.an.procedures..Shor.projec.completio.

    times..Lac.

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    o.participatio.i.th.elaboratio.o.oper.

    ationa.an.administrativ.procedures.

    .Insucien.knowledg.o.

    projec.documents..fac.tha.produce.a.inadequat.handlin.o.change.an.supplie.

    a.wel.a.lat.detectio.o.desig.qual.it.problems.

    .Ba.attitude.i.fron.o.th.system'.application.

    .Lac.

    o.knowledg.an.

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    expertis.i.th.constructio.market.i.orde.

    t.involv.designers.supplier.an.subcontractor.i.th.process.

    .

    Natura.rejectio.o.th.syste.du.t.th.extr.e.ort.tha.it.implementatio.

    implied..Lac.o.qualie.personne.o.qualit.an.qualit.system.i.th.constructio.marke.a.al.levels.

    Th.owner'.sta.als.face.

    severa.importan.bar.

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    rier.whic.ar.mentione.below.

    .Rejectio.o.th.Q.b.owne.personnel..Insucien.managemen.o.

    change.an.supplie.tha.a.ecte.th.owner/contracto.relationship.

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    Qualit.system.i.constructio.projectsth.Chilea.

    case..Serpel.

    Tabl..Problem.mentione.b.contractors.personne.

    (adapte.fro.Crovetto6.

    Project.Problem......Lac.

    o.knowledg.an.expertis.o.sit.personne......Lac.o.performanc.parameter.t.evaluat.th.implementatio.proces.....

    .Rejectio.t.

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    th.syste.b.sit.personne...

    .

    .

    .Dicultie.associate.wit.syste.document.....

    .Rotatio.o.sit.personne.(foreme.an.workers....Dicultie.i.

    th.desig.an.implementatio.o.th.le.require.b.th.syste....Objective.conict.betwee.productio.are.an.th.Q....

    Dicultie.i.managemen.

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    an.consolidatio.o.th.QA/Q.oc.a.

    wor....Lac.o.presenc.an.motivatio.i.sit.o.

    companies.to.managemen....Mistake.an.dicultie.i.th.trainin.progra.

    .

    .

    .Dicultie.i.th.integratio.o.professional.t.th.implementatio.proces....N.prio.knowledg.abou.th.syste....

    .

    .Negativ.

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    reactio.an.ba.initia.attitud...

    .

    .

    .Dicultie.associate.wit.trainin.an.communicatio.o.th.syste.

    a.th.sit......Lac.o.relationshi.betwee.th.

    ne.syste.an.benet.tha.worker.coul.receiv...

    .Imprope.trainin.o.th.contrac.administratio.team..Insucien.contro.o.th.

    mai.parameter.o.

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    pro.

    jec.management.quality.tim.

    an.cost..Divergenc.o.objective.insid.th.owner'.team..Weaknesse.

    i.th.creatio.o.owner/contracto.

    teams.

    Particula.problem.o.

    th.implementatio.processe.

    Th.principa.problem.a.identie.b.contractors.personne.ar.show.i.detai.i.Tabl.3.Th.answer.hav.bee.individualise.

    b.eac.project.

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    Accordin.t.th.owner'.personnel.

    th.followin.problem.wer.associate.wit.th.contractors.per.formance.

    .Dicult.fo.generatin.commitmen.o.sit.person.ne.t.th.system.

    .Contractor.demonstrate.sever.dicultie.i.th.managemen.o.syste.documentatio.an.i.th.maintenanc.o.th.syste.les.

    .Lac.o.

    initiativ.o.contractor.

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    t.begi.wit.th.implementatio.process.tha.

    amplie.th.impac.o.th.shor.constructio.completio.time.

    Benet.

    o.th.syste.

    Th.mos.relevan.benet.a.perceive.b.contractors.

    professional.ar.show.i.Tabl.4.Foreme.als.adde.th.followin.benets.

    .Onc.th.syste.wa.pu.unde.wa.an.accepted.i.

    increase.th.orde.

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    an.th.spee.i.th.project.progress.

    .Trus.betwee.th.hierarchi.level.o.sit.increase.considerably.

    ..re-evaluatio.o.workers.responsibility.image.an.ethic.b.professional.wa.achieved.

    .Th.disappearanc.o.th.classi.antagonisti.poin.o.vie.abou.wor.inspectio.fo.worker.an.fore.me.wa.encouraged.

    Benet.

    perceive.b.th.

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    owner'.sta.fro.th.im.plementatio.o.

    QS'.ar.mentione.below.

    .Th.relationshi.owner/contracto.shifte.t.

    a.issu.o.mutua.trust.

    .Th.combinatio.o.th.Q.

    wit.th.organisationa.structur.o.th.owne.reduce.th.`wor.dea.times'.du.t.bette.decisio.makin.o.site.

    .Re-wor.wa.reduce.

    du.t.th.

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    b.succes.factor.o.positiv.aspect.foun.

    i.th.cultura.characteristic.o.th.member.o.th.constructio.companies.whic.

    shoul.b.takin.int.accoun.fo.futur.Q.implemen.

    Tabl..

    Benet.mentione.b.contractors.professional.(adapte.fro.Crovetto6.

    Project.Benet......Relationshi.wit.th.owne.improve.ostensibl...

    .

    .

    .

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    Syste.provide.order.contro.an.plannin.t.

    sit.work....Syste.favoure.quic.treatmen.o.doubt.and/o.

    wor.modication....Syste.increase.th.participatio.an.communicatio.a.sit.

    .

    .

    .Syste.improve.tea.workin.o.personne...Implementatio.processe.allowe.t.sprea.companie.an.project.objective...Implementatio.processe.improve.

    th.leadershi.condition.

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    Qualit.system.i.constructio.projectsth.Chilea.

    case..Serpel.

    tatio.processes.Amon.th.mos.importan.factor.

    mentione.ar.th.following.

    .Loca.companie.showe.hig.level.o.

    persona.involvemen.i.thei.huma.relationships.Thei.re.lationship.wit.owners.suppliers.an.personne.wer.base.o.seriousnes.an.honesty.

    .Ther.wer.

    adequat.level.o.

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    self-examinatio.betwee.th.professiona.an.managemen.levels.

    .Man.worker.fel.ver.identie.wit.thei.compa.nies.

    .fac.tha.wa.use.fo.motivatio.purposes.

    Recommendation.

    Th.analysi.o.th.researc.result.provide.severa.recommendation.fo.futur.improvemen.o.Q.im.plementatio.processes.Thes.ar.discusse.i.th.nex.section.o.

    thi.paper.

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    Regardin.th.contractors.organisatio.o.th.

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    in.a.sit.level.i.orde.t.

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    recommendations.

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    an.expertis.i.th.constructio.market.b.

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    person.i.charg.o.th.

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    qualit.system.i.thei.project.eve.i.

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    lac.o.knowledg.an.experienc.creat.particula.

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    obtaine.int.usefu.

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    recommendations.Thes.recommendation.ar.directe.t.preven.

    foreig.an.loca.companie.whic.wan.t.implemen..Q.basin.i.

    o.externa.experience.withou.takin.int.accoun.th.particula.characteristic.o.th.loca.

    con.structio.market.

    I.i.stressed.nally.th.nee.o.creatin..`domin.e.ect.i.th.marke.toward.qualit.systems.i.orde.t.

    convinc.constructio.companie.

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    abou.th.advan.tage.o.it.applicatio.

    an.i.thi.wa.t.induc.thei.us.b.thei.ow.initiativ.

    an.no.a.a.owner'.con.tractua.requirement.Also.thi.initiativ.shoul.b.

    extende.t.suppliers.designers.subcontractor.an.othe.organisation.i.th.constructio.industry.

    Regardin.constructio.procurement.th.mai.con.clusio.i.tha.qualit.system.

    ca.provid..

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    suitabl.mechanis.t.improv.th.relationship.betwee.

    a.owne.an.it.contractors.Th.mai.advantage.o.ere.b.thi.approac.

    ar.a.follows.

    .I.establishe..commo.goa.fo.al.

    partie.

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    spiri.betwee.th.contracto.an.th.owner.an.i.

    favour.

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    partnering.

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    Qualit.system.i.constructio.projectsth.Chilea.

    case..Serpel.

    .I.create.communicatio.channel.betwee.owne.

    an.contractors.a.require.b.th.QS.

    .I.require..

    forma.an.rigorou.handlin.o.docu.mentatio.an.th.creatio.o.record.tha.hel.t.solv.problems.

    .Becaus.o.it.nature..

    Q.require.th.

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    attendanc.t.problem.an.conict.i.th.

    short-term.

    Howeve.al.thes.advantage.ca.als.b.source.o.

    problem.i.th.Q.i.no.wel.applie.an.i.ther.i..

    hig.leve.o.distrus.betwee.th.parties.Thi.fac.make.i.necessar.t.teac.contractor.an.owner.t.wor.unde.thi.scheme.

    Acknowledgement.

    Th.

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    autho.expresse.hi.gratefulnes.t.Corporacio..

    d.Investigacio..d.l.Construccio..an.t.FONDECYT.fo.th.

    nancia.suppor.grante.tha.mad.possibl.thi.researc.throug.th.Projec.1940609.

    Reference.

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    AlfredoSerpellisAssociateProfessorofConstructionEngin-eeringandManagementatthePonticiaUniversidadCatolicadeChile.Heteachesprojectmanage-ment,constructionproductivityimprovement,constructionqualitymanagementandconstructionpro-curement.Hiscurrentresearchinterestsincludequalitymanage-ment,productivityimprovement,leanconstructionandconstructionprocurementpracticesinChile.

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