Dr. Aymen Chaouachi, Senior Power System Expert

Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in

Germany

Opportunities and challenges

2

Overview

Introduction of the German Context1

RE integration main challenges2

Paving the way toward system transformation3

3

Introduction of the German Context

4

German RE penetration targets

+20%

energy efficiency in

primary energy

EU targets until 2020

20%

renewable energy

share in gross final

consumption

-20%

Greenhouse gas

emissions

vs. 1990

Flexible targets based on German potentials

55

59

66

24

50

4615

48

42

6

231215

11

6 5

7

0

6

Biomass

Wind offshore

Hydro

Coals

Gas,Oil & other conv.

Wind onshore

Nuclear

PV

GW in 2016 GW in 2030

50% 65%

Targeted share for 2020 already reached today (50% RES delivered 35% in

consumption)

65% of capacity in 2030 was set as new target (will equal to 52% in

consumption)

5

The electricity sector must evolve to fully benefit from RES integration

at an affordable cost

Framework encompassing electricity system paradigm

Energy Policies

Energy Market Reforms

Network Operations

Finance & Business

Models

Market Design &

Flexibility

Grid Access &

Infrastructure

Strategic Targets

Policies ensure that long-term

objectives are met

Structural Reforms

Reforms pave the way for RES

implementation

System Transformation

System evolves with increasing RES

penetration

6

Overview on RE generation integration

challenges

7

Typical RES integration challenges

609 TWh

Nuclear

Fossil:

62%

EE: 20%

636 TWh

Fossil:

54%

EE: 46%

2011 2023

ConsequencesDevelopment of RES Challenges

Share in German electr.mix

Local distribution Restrictions in the grid

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

40

90

0

40

90

0,4

58

33

40

90

0,9

16

67

40

90

1,3

75

40

90

1,8

33

33

40

90

2,2

91

67

40

90

2,7

5

40

90

3,2

08

33

40

90

3,6

66

67

40

90

4,1

25

40

90

4,5

83

33

40

90

5,0

41

67

40

90

5,5

40

90

5,9

58

33

40

90

6,4

16

67

40

90

6,8

75

40

90

7,3

33

33

40

90

7,7

91

67

40

90

8,2

5

40

90

8,7

08

33

40

90

9,1

66

67

40

90

9,6

25

40

91

0,0

83

33

40

91

0,7

08

33

40

91

1,1

66

67

40

91

1,6

25

40

91

2,0

83

33

40

91

2,5

41

67

40

91

3

40

91

3,4

58

33

40

91

3,9

16

67

40

91

4,3

75

40

91

4,8

33

33

40

91

5,2

91

67

40

91

5,7

5

40

91

6,2

08

33

40

91

6,6

66

67

MW

Windeinspeisung bei 50HzT 23.12.2011 - 08.01.2012

Fluctuation and instability

Congestion management

Load frequency control

Voltage stability control

Needs for alternatives

flexibility means

8

Conventional generation

profile

0 % RES

Renewables as a niche

< 10% RES

Renewables as major

player

10-40% RES

Renewables as dominant

player

> 40% RES

Grid code fit for RE generation

Further develop and use forecasts

Develop processes for information

exchange, billing and accounting

for RES

System security is not yet affected

Forecasting instruments

Grid reinforcement

Real time data exchange and controllability of

RES

RES contribution to ancillary services

Full steering of conventional plants and

RES

Substantially develop demand-side

response

Real-time coordination between

transmission and distribution

System operations : “Business as usual”

PLUS be prepared for the future

Enhance generation management

System transformation: Major milestones

9

Paving the way toward system

transformation

10

Harmonized state of the art grid codes

RES enhancing system not a burden

Controllability of active /reactive power to

address congestions and participate in

ancillary services

Integration of new market players and

leveraging flexibility

Demand units as significant Grid User

Network

codes

RfGDCC

HVDC

Grid Connection Related Codes

Level playing field for ancillary services:

Voltage support

Balancing and frequency support

Maintain system robustness: FRT

capabilities, fault-current support

Decentralized emergency and restoration

functions (islanding, black start…)

11

HL Renewable forecasting tools

Weather

SITE

“BLACK BOX”output

Forecast D-1

Localisation

Temperature [°C]

Wind speed [m/s]10m & 100m

Wind direction [°]

Radiation [W/m²]

WindMW + type

PV & CSP MW + type

Location +

Connection substation TSP

Substation D-1

Wind

PV

CSP

Wind

Power curves from manufactures

CSP

Types of installation

PV

Efficiency:different types PV

• Power is aggregated per electrical

node / operating region

• Indication of power decrease and

increase ramping (MW / min) can be

estimated eg for dust & sand storms

• Use different models to estimate power

output:

Have redundancy of forecasts

Overall better performance

Key insights

12

Accuracy of D-1 solar forecast has reached 1-2% Root Mean Square Error

(RMSE), excluding night hours per week

External input of meta-forecast:

Solar power forecast 5 suppliers (EnergyMeteoSystems, Meteocontrol, Enercast, EnergyWeather, Meteologica) (in operation)

Areas: Germany, 50Hertz, DSO regions and substations

Horizon day-ahead <= 96 hours; horizon short term <= 8 hours

3 daily updates; ¼ hour short-term updates

Combined Forecast with weighted experience by 50Hertz

Linear combination of commercially available forecasts and internal data from extrapolation

Wheather observation SMA Database Conversion to power PV feed-in forecast

Forecast of PV generation

13

Exceptional scenarios: Solar eclipse 20 March 2015

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

08:00 08:30 09:00 09:30 10:00 10:30 11:00

MW

UTC

Clear sky

Solar eclipse

Difference

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1.000

08:00 08:30 09:00 09:30 10:00 10:30 11:00

MW

/1m

in

UTC

Gradient clear sky MW/min

Gradient solar eclipse MW/min

Highest impact at 9:43

• Germany (50%)

• Italy (21%)

• France (6%)

• Spain (4%)

• Belgium (4%)

14

50Hertz mastering operational complexity and coordinationS

elf-h

ea

ling

ne

two

rk

Innovative solutions Coordination

Better Coordination between generation,

regional and National Control Centres Inte

llig

en

t n

etw

ork

15

Innovative approaches towards system and market integration of

renewables

5 batteries in the area of 50Hertz

provide frequency control

E-mobility as peak shaving

solutions possible in the future

Industrial client providing

frequency control

Example flexibility

February 2016: Prequalification of

two wind farms (60 MW) for tertiary

reserve by 50Hertz

RE generation have already good

downward regulation potential

Example negative control

power

Storm „Xaver“2013/12

After a loss of one two system line,

wind park brings voltage back to

the initial level

Special protection schemes

Example voltage control

16

Aggregator

Retailers

Producers

BRP A

Energy market

Bulk

customers

TSO

Prosumers EV

2

3DSO

1

Renewables

Control

Center

Independent Power

producers

Business case: Aggregator

1) Peak shaving of Day Ahead market prices

By shifting the consumption towards hours with

lower prices, customers can reduce their

energy cost. Participation in the capacity market

could also be a source of revenue.

2) Offer balancing services to the TSO

Different kinds of reserves can be sourced from

TSO or DSO connected demand

3) Congestion management and voltage

control for the DSO

By using flexibility, DSOs can avoid grid

reinforcement investments

Business case: RenCC

Services to TSO

Provide aggregated forecasts of RES

production and offer controllability

Services to RES producers

Assist with connection requirements and system

integration

New actors toward system flexibility

DSM

Inertia to act as market player

17

RES and grid development the in Germany

Development of 3 North-South HVDC corridors

Reinforcing backbone transmission network

Reinforcing cross-border interconnections

~ 20 GW

~ 25 GW

Increasing

transmission need

(25 GW)

Till 2025:

2025

Massive DG RES (currently more than 1.6M units)

Reinforcement at distribution level

Bulk transmission level

Cross-border

Decentralized level

18

2030 2040

2050

Pan-European: Network Development Plan

19

Toward full market integration and coordination

CEPS

Swissgrid

Energinet.dk

TenneT

Elia(10/2012)

(10/2011)

(02/2012)

(03/2012)

RTE(4/2016) (06/2012)

Germany(since 2008)

(04/2014)APG

• Module 1: Avoid activation of secondary control power in the

opposite direction

reduction of secondary control energy

• Module 2: Joint dimensioning and mutual support with secondary

control power among participating TSOs

reduction of secondary control power

• Module 3: Joint activation procedures: Activation signal will be

provided by that TSO where the generator is connected

one common market area

• Module 4: Common Merit Order List or common control energy

prices

further cost optimization

Grid control cooperation – functioning in four modules

Participating only

in Module 1

Participating in

all Modules

GCC – full harmonized German market

IGCC – cooperation of TSOs to avoid

activation of aFRR

20

So far RE has been a driver for improvement !

GCC – full harmonized German market

IGCC – cooperation of TSOs

Enhancing system flexibility and grid

development

Enhancing RE generation forecasting

Enhancing system controllability and

observability

An Elia Group company

Elia Grid International

Rue Joseph Stevens 7 Joseph Stevensstraat

1000 Brussels – Belgium

Tel. +32 2 204 38 11

Fax +32 2 204 38 10

www.eliagrid-int.com

Eichenstraße 3A

12435 Berlin – Germany

Tel. +49 30 5150 37 11

Fax +49 30 5150 37 10

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