WELCOME! Summary seminar on LTE-Assisted WiFi Direct 22nd August 2014

Dr. Jiří Hošek, Brno University of Technology

Introduction

Brno, Czech Republic

•Brno University of Technology

•Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication

•Department of Telecommunications

Unique R&D fellowship

•INTEL Labs, US

•Tampere University of Technology (TUT), Finland

•Brno University of Technology (BUT), Czech Republic

Agile, time-critical and industrially-oriented research

•5G technologies and services

•Internet of everything

•Improved user experience

3

14:00 – 14:10

Welcome, introduction, and agenda of the

seminar

14:10 – 14:20

Network-assisted D2D technology: project

overview and our mission

14:20 – 14:30

An update on Proximity Services (ProSe) in

3GPP standardization

14:30 – 14:40

Technical capabilities of a unique 3GPP LTE-A

deployment in Brno

14:40 – 15:00

On technical implementation of the LTE-

Assisted WiFi Direct trial

15:00 – 15:15

Showcasing network-assisted D2D technology: demonstration & questions

15:15 – 15:30

Practical benefits of LTE-assisted WiFi Direct and associated challenges

15:30 – 15:45

Novel D2D-based service & application opportunities and market enablers

15:45 – 16:00

Summary of the seminar, conclusions, and feedback

19:00

Social event: dinner at Havana restaurant

Agenda

Network-assisted D2D technology Project overview and our mission

Dr. Sergey Andreev: W.I.N.T.E.R. Group, TUT

Network Assistance at a Glance

Applications of proximate connectivity

• Local voice service (offloading calls between

proximate users)

• Context-aware applications

• Multimedia content sharing

• Group multicast

• Public safety

• Gaming

Unprecedented operator and end

user benefits by enabling a new

generation of proximity services

Automated, continuous, and

efficient assistance with secure

discovery of devices & services

Improved device-to-device (D2D)

connection establishment, battery

efficiency, and service continuity

6

Our Integrated Approach to Studying D2D

Network is accurately modeled

with our advanced SLS tool

3GPP LTE may assist its clients in content/service

discovery as well as in connection establishment

• Client searches for the desired content/services

• Network tells it when a suitable peer is in proximity

7

Understanding D2D Performance Limits

Considerable quality of service

improvement for mobile clients

(e.g., session acceptance probability)

Significant

boost in cell

throughput

We investigate LTE-assisted WiFi D2D offloading

• System-level simulations and analysis

• Performance requirements and benefits

• Advanced network-assistance features

• 3GPP LTE-assisted WiFi-Direct demo

8

This 3GPP-compliant

technology builds on our

rigorous research, MWC-2014

demo, and is ratified in 3GPP

LTE Release-12

Network-Assisted Offloading Architecture

Devices receive help from the

network during device discovery

and D2D connection

establishment

Secure D2D connectivity

between stranger users!

9

The Mission of “The Brno Trial”

We have completed a full-scale trial to understand the practical benefits of

assisted WiFi-Direct technology and discuss market opportunities that it offers…

1. S. Andreev, et al., Cellular Traffic Offloading onto Network-Assisted Device-to-Device Connections, IEEE Communications Magazine, April, 2014

2. S. Andreev, et al., Analyzing Assisted Offloading of Cellular User Sessions onto D2D Links in Unlicensed Bands, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in

Communications, September, 2014

3. A. Pyattaev, et al., Network-Assisted D2D Over WiFi Direct, in Smart Device to Smart Device Communication, Springer, 2014

4. A. Pyattaev, et al., Network-Assisted D2D Communications: Implementing a Technology Prototype for Cellular Traffic Offloading, IEEE WCNC, 2014

5. A. Pyattaev, et al., Proximity-Based Data Offloading via Network Assisted Device-to-Device Communications, IEEE VTC-Spring, 2013

6. A. Pyattaev, et al., 3GPP LTE Traffic Offloading onto WiFi Direct, IEEE WCNC, 2013

Does LTE-Assisted WiFi Direct has the potential to offload licensed bands

and enrich applications and services in current mobile ecosystem?

In this seminar, we encourage partners to discuss the future opportunities

offered by proximity-based services and to find the way to go forward!

LTE-Assisted WiFi Direct trial Experimental communication system at Brno University of Technology

Assoc. Prof. Vít Novotný, BUT

History of System

• In 2008 Sensor, Information and Communication Systems (SIX)

project was started at FEEC BUT (15 mil USD budget) – the main

goal was to equip laboratories for high level research

• the SIX Research Center was established in 2010,

• in 2012 the manager and the development plan of the Laboratory of

Converged Network technologies was relooked and the idea of

complex wireless communication system was proposed,

S-GW

MME

PDN-GWS5/S8

S11S1-MME

S1-MME

S1-U

S1-U

X2

Internet

S2/SGi

PCRF/PDF

P-CSCF

I-CSCF

S-CSCF

S7

Rx/Gq

Rx

Mw

Mm

HSS/Auc

S6aCx

Cx

eNodeB

eNodeB

Mw Mw

AS

Sh

ISC

• change plan was worked out, application was passed and approved by MSMT of CR,

• tender was worked out – three proposals offering two technologies (Huawei and Ericsson) were received –

Huawei solution was selected,

• system deployment began in August 2013,

• system is in the phase of almost full operation with a correction of minor problems

Mission

The main objectives:

• Ownership of unique, latest and complex communication system – unified mobile,

wireless and fixed telecommunication network infrastructure that would enable:

• getting valuable experience from working with the latest technology,

• having full control of the system,

• learn how to troubleshoot problems in a complex telecommunication network.

• Research in the area of:

• design, testing and analysis of new communication protocols,

• design, testing and analysis of new communication services,

• communication system planning and performance optimization.

Mission – cont.

• Establishment of cooperation with other research organizations and with

industry

• new service and equipment testing in our experimental network,

• interfacing with other telecommunication systems and solutions,

• public network performance assessment – KPI design, measurement and

calculation, evaluation,

• public network diagnostics, troubleshooting and optimization,

• development of new telecommunication services, etc.

Overall architecture of

LTE/WiFi – EPC – IMS

experimental network at

Brno University of Technology

S/P-GW

MME

HSSSeparate

address space RAN-IP1

Separate address space

CN-IP2

Separate UE

address space

UE-IP3

Applicationservers

Router / VPN / NAT

Internet

Separate address

space – IMS-IP5

LTE/WiFi--EPC-IMS

IMS(CSCFs + RCS)

SeGW

Separate address

space WiFi-IP4

L3 Switch

Home eNB

WiFi

IP

C

VUT Brno

Public address space - VUT

147.229.x.y

O&M

Access transport network

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

BBU

BBU

700 MHz

700 MHz

700 MHz

1800 MHz

2600 MHz

700 MHz

Core transport network

BBU

BBU X2

(Huawei solution)

LTE

LTE

LTE

LTE

LTE Cell Map

WiFi Cell Map

Complementary Equipment

• Rohde & Schwarz ROMES4 traffic

analyzer + TMSW spectrum analyzer,

• EXFO Powerhawk Pro + TravelHawk +

M5 protocol analyzer, User Plane Deep

Packet Inspection,

• L2 - L7 load generators for

performance & stress testing,

• Set of multi-technology and multi-band

terminals – smart phones, notebooks,

tablets and USB sticks for all

generations of mobile networks.

LTE/WiFi-EPC-IMS Technical capabilities of a unique 3GPP LTE-A deployment in Brno

Assoc. Prof. Vít Novotný, BUT

Huawei Architecture

SBC

(P-CSCF/A-SBC/I-SBC

SE2600

S/P-GWMME

MRFP

MRP6600I/S-

CSCF/MRFC/ECSCF

CSC3300

EPC

IMS Core

RCSe Server

RCSe

CTAS

(MMTel AS/SCC AS/IP-SM-GW/EATF)

ATS9900

Service

ENUM /DNS

ENS

Provisioning

GW

SPG2800

O&M

IMS-HSS

HSS9820

LTE Handset

(immature)

LTE data-card

+ soft client

LTE

eNB

IP Network

SIP PhonePC Client

eNB

eUTRAN

Heterogeneous Radio Access Network:

• LTE Advanced (Release 10) cells

• 3x 700 MHz (Band 17 – AT&T) 5 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO

• 1x 1800 MHz – Outdoor coverage

• 1x 2600 MHz – Indoor unit, 2x2 MIMO

• WiFi:

• 3 APs in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz ISM bands

eNodeB

BaseBand Unit

eNodeB – Remote Radio Units

Evolved Packet Core

• Unified Gateway (UGW) includes:

• PDN GW,

• Serving GW,

• MME,

• HSS,

• Fully redundant 10 Gbps

links,

• Interface mirroring for

probe based analysis.

IP Multimedia Subsystem

• Release 10,

• IMS core + RCS,

• 100k active users,

• Enables VoLTE,

• Public Safety Answering Point,

• Additional HSS,

• Full redundancy.

SBC

(P-CSCF/A-SBC/I-SBC

SE2600

S/P-GWMME

MRFP

MRP6600I/S-

CSCF/MRFC/ECSCF

CSC3300

EPC

IMS Core

RCSe Server

RCSe

CTAS

(MMTel AS/SCC AS/IP-SM-GW/EATF)

ATS9900

Service

ENUM /DNS

ENS

Provisioning

GW

SPG2800

O&M

IMS-HSS

HSS9820

LTE Handset

(immature)

LTE data-card

+ soft client

LTE

eNB

IP Network

SIP PhonePC Client

eNB

LTE/WiFi – EPC – IMS

experimental network at Brno

University of Technology

Installation Process

Technology Installation

SGi – internet

interface, EXFO

analyzer and test

servers for

network

performance

evaluation

Technology Installation – cont.

Implementation details Network-assisted offloading to WiFi Direct

Dr. Alexander Pyattaev, TUT

Mikhail Gerasimenko, TUT

Introduction to Our 5G Vision

• “True” 5G vision:

• Optimal resource usage on all levels

• 1000x capacity

• Application and QoS-aware link planning

• Multi-RAT capabilities:

• Most suitable radio for each link

• Seamless integration of WLAN and cellular

• Multi-tier capabilities:

• Increased capacity of 3GPP networks

• Phantom cell concepts

• COMP, eICIC….

HetNet: Current Status

• ANDSF function:

• UE decisions are always suboptimal

• TCP flow switching is very tricky

• Does not happen properly with mobile IP

• Usage of multiple paths is not supported

• Only works with multipath TCP

• UEs typically lack software

• Servers lack software

• Hard to enable multiple radios in UEs

• Phantom cells are still just a concept

• Femtocells are expected to “just work”

• Interference cancellation is very difficult

Flow Manipulation for RAN-Assisted 5G HetNets

• Do we need a circuit-switched network?

• Where each service/application uses its own

personal circuit (flow)…

• …and each circuit is routed independently…

• …keeping the packet in order, and jitter low?

• Application-coordinated flow switching

• Context-based and location-based

• Working QoS support

• RAN-assisted flow control

• Simplified access through non-3GPP networks

• Dynamic switching in real-time

Flow Switching Architecture Example

• Open-Flow based “layer 2.9”

switching implements a

working integrated cell

• One IP for both RATs

• Instant, network-controlled

switching

• Load balancing between RATs

• Prototype created and tested

in TUT on Sailfish platform

• The final prototype implies

integration with real EPC

and a real femtocell

D2D offload – a Subcase of Flow Switching

• D2D is just like HetNet

• A flow from A to B via C is switched to A - B

• That sounds easy enough...

• In practice, D2D faces 3 challenges:

• Lack of application support (even for P2P)

• Aggressive firewalling in operator networks

• Lack of efficient discovery mechanisms

• Application-coordinated flow switching is necessary

• QoS support

• Smart RAT selection

• Same as for HetNets!

D2D Flow Switching in Plain IP

• Set up the D2D radio link

• e.g., over WiFi Direct

• Enable IP forwarding in the UE

• Make a virtual loopback interface (like in routers)

• Make the applications bind to that interface

• Add a route to the target virtual interface over WiFi

• This switches the flow between 2 devices to D2D link

• The Internet connectivity is unaffected

• Remove the route when D2D link is about to break

• This reverts connection to cellular

IP flow Switching Details

Deployment in Brno University of Technology

Practical benefits of LTE-assisted

WiFi Direct and associated challenges

Aleksandr Ometov, TUT

Konstantin Zhidanov, invited expert

Lessons Learned:

• LTE positioning support

• OTDOA/AoA based

• IMS support

• Required to deploy the D2D server

• Reconfigured firewall between UEs

• For P2P communication over LTE

• “Cooperative” UE platform and application

• Operator Deployed package

• That could be an issue, especially for closed platforms; relatively easy on

Linux-based phones

Faced Development Challenges

• Positioning

• Triangulation

• Cell-based

• Signal strength

• etc..

• IPC data integration

Proposed Technologies Classification

• Implementation highlights:

• One-hop:

• Offloading onto unlicensed bands

• Spectrum reuse

• Multi-hop:

• Range extension

• Group multicast

Offloading onto Unlicensed Band

• Proximity based offloading:

• Low end-to-end delay

• Controlled switching

• Forced usage

• Local Voice Service

• Challenges:

• Positioning

Cell Range Extension

• Range extension:

• Relay

• Link through the trusted user

• Service continuity

• Challenges:

• Trust

• Privacy

• Incentive schemes (“friendly” peers)

WiFi Direct Group Usage

• Local content redistribution

• Group multicast

• Faster content access and distribution

• Challenges:

• Sharing policies

• Key redistribution

Market and trends overview Novel D2D-based service & application opportunities and market enablers

Olga Galinina, TUT

Alexey Koren, invited expert

Agenda

Mobile trends overview: insights into the market

Proximity D2D services concept

D2D services use cases and applications

Further step: proximity D2D platform

Overall Mobile Market

Global mobile market will continue to grow steadily in the next few years

Source: INTERNET TRENDS 2014 – CODE CONFERENCE. Mary

Meeker, May 28, 2014, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB)

Location Based Services

Berg Insight: mobile location platforms revenues

will grow to € 275 million worldwide in 2018

TechNavio’s: Global Indoor LBS market to grow

at a CAGR of 40% in 2016

• 6 in 10 are aware of LBS

• People who use LBS find them valuable

• Young people lead LBS adoption

62% Heard of

30% Familiar

24% Used

LBS Adoption

Source: Location Based Services Usage &

Perceptions Survey. Cross-Tab Marketing Services

&Telecommunications Research Group for Microsoft Corporation

Massive Content Generation

1 zettabyte = 1 trillion gigabytes

Source: IDC report “Extracting Value from Chaos” 6/11

“Amount of global digital information

created & shared – from documents to

pictures to tweets – grew 9x in 5 years

to nearly 2 zettabytes* per IDC”.

Uploadable / Findable / Shareable / Real-Time

Data Rising Rapidly

Source: INTERNET TRENDS 2014 – CODE CONFERENCE. Mary

Meeker, May 28, 2014, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB)

Changes in Content Distribution Patterns

Source: Anjney Midha, KPCB Associate; Jared Morgenstern, KPCB Entrepreneur Partner

Mobile Advertisement

Location-based

advertisement (LBA) 2015:

• total revenues $6.2 billion

• 35% of total mobile advertising

revenue Source: Pyramid Research

Re-imagining Conventional Mobile Services

Proximal D2D Services Paradigm

• Direct connectivity (minimal network involvement )

• Free of charge, fast and energy efficient transmission

• Ambient awareness (“wireless sense”)

• Local resource discovery (ad-hoc/network-assisted)

• Service continuity and automation

• Privacy (no 3rd party involvement)

• Opportunities for highly relevant advertisement

• Key feature supported by the next generation cellular networks

• Enables mobile devices to discover presence of others in proximity to communicate directly

Offers new business opportunities

for mobile stakeholders

SWOT Analysis

Although the market is small today, adoption will soon take off!

WEAKNESSES

• Server side needed

• Integration on operators and mobile OS

vendors side required

• Challenging security policies

THREATS

• Operators and mobile OS vendors may

be slow to adopt integration

• Developers may have difficulty adopting

the architecture

• Some people are concerned about

disclosing their locations

D2D Services Use Cases and Applications

(selected large markets)

• Alice likes to play Japanese Mahjong but it

takes 4 people for a game

• She marks herself as “available for game” and

notification automatically appears when 3

more guys with the same status gather in

proximity

• If the match is agreed upon – ad-hoc network

is set up for multiplayer game

D2D Use Case: Gaming

PriceWaterhouseCoopers: the global wireless games market reaches $14.4B by 2017

• People who visit same places with you are

more interesting persons to you as they share

your lifestyle

• And you really do not want somebody to keep

track of and analyze your dating activity log

• 11% of adult Americans ever tried digital

dating (Pew Research Center)

D2D Use Case: Social Services

• Art media content in shopping malls

• Music feed near jazz cafe

• Check in for 5 shops and get a free

donut

D2D Use Case: Advertisement

• P2P communications (incl. outside network coverage)

• Automated D2D discovery helps to find people in

danger and may be used to navigate to one’s phone

• Multi-hop coverage extension helps rescue team to

get coordination from base and transmit video from

incident place

D2D Use Case: Public Safety

• Alice is fond of board games and her profile

somehow knows about it

• When visiting Brno she is walking near the building

where hidden local board game club is located

• Alice gets a notification and is able to jump in and

have a very nice and unexpected evening

• Same with shops, people, and services

D2D Use Case: Serendipity as a Service

• Delayed content download

• Secure content transmission

• Proximity-based “I’m feeling lucky”

D2D Use Case: Everything You Can Imagine

Further steps:

Develop software and API architecture

Make a demo in the testbed

Make a pilot within the real network

Formulate technology integration plan

Important features:

▪ Provide ambient awareness

▪ Track proximity

▪ Push notifications

▪ Initiate connections

▪ Ad-hoc network coordination

D2D Proximity Service Platform

Conclusion

Experience Perception Adoption

• The wireless service industry is a competitive and fast moving

• D2D concept strengths clearly outweigh its weaknesses in several ways

• D2D properly deals with possible threats and expands to new opportunities