Theories Of Intelligence

Prepared and edited by:

Lodor,Albin. Madill,Acbar.

Intelligence theories There are actually eight theories, and only

the major differents psychologist are mentioned here. These people contributed much to the advancement of this theories that we can’t thanked them enough for the time they sacrificed and efforts for making these theories possible. However until now they still searching for the best answer/solution to the theory because there is so much to learn to human minds.

From the cognitive,affective,and psychomotor development of human being.

Theories of Intelligence•Is intelligence a single, general ability or is it a cluster of different mental abilities? •Do current IQ tests measure it or should it be more broadly defined?

IntelligenceThe ability to learn or understand things or to deal with new or difficult situations.

2 Kinds of Intelligence1. Crystallized Intelligence – learning from past experiences and learning.

Situations that require crystallized intelligence include reading comprehension and vocabulary exams.

This type of intelligence is based upon facts and rooted in experiences.

This type of intelligence becomes stronger as we age and accumulate new knowledge and understanding.

2. Fluid Intelligence - the ability to think and reason abstractly and solve problems.

This ability is considered independent of learning, experience, and education.

Examples: solving puzzles and coming up with problem solving strategies.

Both types of intelligence increase throughout childhood and adolescence.

2 Kinds of Intelligence

Fluid intelligence peaks in adolescence and begins to decline progressively beginning around age 30 or 40

Theories of IntelligenceCharles Spearman - General IntelligenceLouis L. Thurstone - Primary Mental

AbilitiesHoward Gardner - Multiple IntelligencesEmotional Intelligence

Robert Sternberg - Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Charles Spearman (1863-1945)General Intelligence

“G” Factor Theorized that a general intelligence factor (g) underlies other, more specific aspects of intelligence Based this on how he noticed people who did

well on one test tended to do similarly well on others.

He concluded that intelligence is general cognitive ability that could be measured and numerically expressed

Louis L.Thurnstone (1887- 1955)

Intelligence is a cluster of abilities. Believed intelligence comprised of 7

different “primary mental abilities” each independent from the other.

7 Primary Mental Abilities

Verbal Comprehension

Reasoning

Perceptual Speed

Numerical Activity

Spatial Visualization

Word Fluency

Associative Memory

Howard Gardner

o Author of a contemporary theory of multiple intelligences consisting of eight separate kinds of intelligence

o Multiple Intelligences – several independent mental abilities that allow a person to solve problems, create products that are valued within one’s culture.

o Intelligence defined within the context of culture

Gardner’s Type of Intelligence

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence

Robert SternbergTriarchic Theory of Intelligence

Author of a Triarchic theory of multiple intelligences consisting of of 3 mental abilities

While he agreed with Gardner that intelligence is much broader than a single, general ability, he instead suggested some of Gardner's intelligences are better viewed as individual talents.

Sternberg’s Type of Intelligence

STERNBERG’S TYPE OF INTELLIGENCE

Sternberg’s Type of Intelligence

Emotional Theory

The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions

People high in emotional intelligence are more in touch with their feelings and the feelings of others.