intelligent transport systems for the mitigation of .... intelligent transport systems for...
TRANSCRIPT
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Intelligent Transport Systems for the
mitigation of climate change
induced impacts induced impacts
Iraklis Stamos
Centre for Research and Technology Hellas
Hellenic Institute of Transport
Transport and Climate Change:
European Researchers Act
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Outline
• Climate change
• The Transportation “Factor”
• Mitigation as a way to deal with CC
• Intelligent Transportation Systems• Intelligent Transportation Systems
• Findings
• Conclusions
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Climate Change
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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The Transportation Factor
CO2 transport emissions, EU, 2011 CO2 transport emissions, USA, 2013
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
Transport: 20% Transport: 29%
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A worldwide phenomenon
CO2 transport emissions, AUS, 2014CO2 transport emissions, AFR, 2010
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
Transport: 16%Transport: 22%
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The Transportation Factor
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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CO2 by transport mode
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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• Governments
• Policy stakeholders
• Academia
• Research
• Business
• NGOs
How to address CC
• NGOs
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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Mitigation: Policies and strategies that reduce GHGemissions and/or enhance Greenhouse Gasabsorption and storage – GHG “sinks” (IPCC, 2007)
Adaptation: Initiatives and measures to reduce thevulnerability of natural and human systems against
How to address CC
Adaptation: Initiatives and measures to reduce thevulnerability of natural and human systems againstactual or expected climate change effects (IPCC,2007)
Confronting Climate Change: Avoiding theunmanagable (mitigation) and managing theunavoidable (adaptation) (UN report, 2007)
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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Mitigation is very important as:
– it reduces the level of adaptation required in the
future
– “buys time” for societies to implement adaptation
strategies and avoid costly impacts
Mitigation
strategies and avoid costly impacts
Due to this relationship, mitigation is referred to
as the “number one preparedness strategy”
(CIG, 2007)
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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While Mitigation and Adaptation strategies are complementary, mitigation is not sufficient alone �
– Impacts of today are result of past GHG emissions
– Current reduction efforts are neither sufficient nor occurring fast enough to avoid future impacts
Mitigation vs. Adaptation
occurring fast enough to avoid future impacts
Similarly, adaptation is not sufficient alone �
– In the absence of mitigation efforts, the extent of adaptation would be broadened and become more costly
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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Mitigation
“Without aggressive and sustained mitigation policies being
implemented, transport emissions could increase at a
faster rate than emissions from the other energy end-use
sectors by 2050”
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2014
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MitigationReducing globaltransport(GHG)emissions will bechallenging sincethe continuinggrowth inpassenger andfreight activitycould outweigh all
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
could outweigh allmitigationmeasures unlesstransport emissionscan be stronglydecoupled fromGDP growth
(UN, 2010)
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How challenging is mitigation?
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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Agreement to reduce CO2 transport emissions by a minimum of 50% at the latestby 2050, mainly through:
1. Innovative vehicle technologies (advanced engine management systems and efficient vehicle powertrains)
2. Use of sustainable biofuel (1st gen: vegetable oil, biodiesel – 2nd gen: biofuel from biomass – 3rd gen: biodegradable fuels from algae)
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2014
Mitigation options
2. Use of sustainable biofuel (1 gen: vegetable oil, biodiesel – 2 gen: biofuel from biomass – 3rd gen: biodegradable fuels from algae)
3. An improved transport infrastructure together with Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
4. Travelers information (e.g. campaigns for use of public transport and modal transport)
5. Legal instruments (e.g. tax incentives for low carbon products and processes, taxation of CO2 intensive products and processes)
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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“ITS" is used to define the use of Information and
Communication Technologies (or ICT) in the field of
transport, to create real time flow of information and
data in order to enable more “intelligent” use of
infrastructures and vehicles and to enhance the
Intelligent Transportation Systems
infrastructures and vehicles and to enhance the
management of traffic and mobility.”
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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ITS all about connection
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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• Reduced Congestion
• Reduced Environmental Impact
• Improved Energy Efficiency
• Improved Safety
• Increased and Higher Quality Mobility
ITS Goals
• Increased and Higher Quality Mobility
• Improved Economic Productivity
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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ITS: How they do it
Arterial
Management
Freeway
Management
Transit
Management
Incident
management
Collision Avoidance
Systems
Electronic payment
and pricing
Emergency
management
Traveler
information
Crash Prevention
and Safety
Information
Management
Roadway Operation
and MaintenanceRoad Weather
Management
Commercial Vehicle
operation
Inter-Modal
Freight
Driver Assistance
Systems
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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ITS contributing to CC mitigation
Arterial
Management
Freeway
Management
Transit
Management
Electronic payment
and pricing
Traveler
information
Information
Management
Commercial Vehicle
operation
Inter-Modal
Freight
Driver Assistance
Systems
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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• Transport demand / Mode choice – (multi-modal) travel information, journey planning
– car-sharing, ride-sharing
– road charging, integrated ticketing
– access management
– logistics, fleet management (avoidance of empty runs, increase
In detail:
– logistics, fleet management (avoidance of empty runs, increase load factors)
• Efficiency of traffic – traffic management
– travel information, navigation
– public transport priority
• Driver behaviour– eco-driving support, navigation
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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Potential CO2 reductionCO2 transport emissions, EU 27, 2014
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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Potential CO2 reductionCO2 transport emissions, Japan, 2007
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
in thousand tons per year
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Potential environmental benefitITS environmental contribution, USA, 2010
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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Dynamic eco-driving field exp.Emissions reduction, USA, 2008
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
in: Barth & Boriboonsomsin (2008) “Energy and Emissions Impacts of a Freeway-Based Dynamic Eco- Driving System”,
Transportation Research Part D: Environment, Elsevier Press
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Intersection OptimizationEmissions reduction, USA, 2009
Signal timing
synchronization can help
reduce intersection-
influenced fuel consumption
by 14% for cars and 12% for
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
in: M. Li et al., “Traffic Energy and Emission Reductions at Signalized Intersections: A Study of the Benefits of Advanced Driver
Information”, International Journal on ITS, January, 2009.
by 14% for cars and 12% for
trucks
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• Funded under EU THERMIE program
• 9 car parks, 3000 parking spaces, 39 VMS signs
• Real time information on car park occupancy and
guidance to car parks
Parking guidanceAalborg, DEN, 2005
• Saves approx. 7500 hrs/yr
• 1.5% reduction in emissions and energy consumption
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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• Central Rome, M-F day times and Saturday afternoons
• 23 entry points, €2 charge for those without permit
• Technology based on TELEPASS:– TV Camera and infra-red Illuminators
– Microwave Transponder
Access ControlRome, ITA, 2002
– Microwave Transponder
– In-vehicle Unit with Smart Card (free pass or stored value)
• 10-15% reduction in traffic depending on time of day, 6%
increase in PT use
• approx. 4.5% emissions reduction per year
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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• Funded under the COMPASS4D program
• Energy Efficient Intersection Service
• Speed advice to 250 taxis for adoption of optimal speed profile
Speed adviceThessaloniki, GRE, 2015
• approx. 3% emissions reduction per year
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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• CO2 emissions from the transportation sector are
projected to rise
– ongoing reliance on fossil fuels
– increases in vehicle miles travelled
Conclusions
– growth in the “developing” world
• A range of mitigation strategies is needed to address
their reduction
• ITS comprise key tools for improved road traffic and
travel, able to significantly reduce CO2 emissions
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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• Need to standardize the evaluation of ITS
contribution to CO2 reduction
– modelling and/or experimental conditions
– ITS penetration rate
Conclusions
• Compliance with the EU ITS directive 2010/40/EC
– deployment framework for ITS in EU
Climate Change Transportation Mitigation ITS Findings Conclusions
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Iraklis StamosResearch Associate
Centre for Research and Technology Hellas
La Fin - Merci!
Centre for Research and Technology Hellas
Hellenic Institute of Transport
emai: [email protected]
tel: +30 2310498268