Intelligent Transportation SystemPrepared By: Kashif Naseer Qureshi

OUTLINE

1. Introduction of ITS

2. Applications of ITS

3. Challenges and issues of ITS4. Technologies in ITS (VANET, WSN)

5. Current research in areas

6. Future direction for new researchers

Intelligent Transportation System

• The term intelligent transportation system (ITS) refers to efforts to add information and communications technology to transport infrastructure and vehicles, in order to improve safety and reduce vehicle wear, transportation times, and fuel consumption.

Areas of ITS

Why ITS is Important?

• Offers the next major leap forward in improving safety, convenience, and productivity of our personal and

commercial travel.

• Critical as population and congestion increase, and land and funding for new roads decrease.

Identified Benefits

• Time Savings• Improved Throughput• Reduced Crashes and Fatalities• Cost Avoidance• Increased Customer Satisfaction• Energy and Environmental Benefits

Applications Overview

• Global Positioning Systems• Weather information systems• Bus Information System • Traffic and transit management• Real-time information• Parking• Incident management• Emergency management• Electronic toll collection• Commercial vehicle operations

Applications of ITS

Transit Management

Traffic Information

Accident Detection Monitor the weather information

Parking Management

Traffic signal control

Emergency management

• Pre-trip, On-trip, emergency– AA ITS Service (UK)– ADAC ITS Services (Germany)

Electronic toll collection• Electronic Payment

– HAMLET 2 - Toll Collection on Motorways (France)– ETC - Electronic toll collection (Taiwan)

Technologies in ITS

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

• In vehicular Ad hoc networks the moving and fixed nodes are communicates without permanent infrastructure with each other.

• The communications between vehicles are multi-hop or single hop with the help of wireless standards.

• There are three main types of communication in VANET

Vehicular Communication Technology

• Inside car– Bluetooth, Zigbee

• Car to car– VANET,802.11p

• Car to road – 802.11p

• Car to Internet– 3G, WiMAX

(current) CALM (Continuous Air-interface, Long and Medium range )

• IEEE 802.11p is a draft amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard to add wireless access in the vehicular environment (WAVE). It defines enhancements to 802.11 required to support Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications.

• This includes data exchange between high-speed vehicles and between the vehicles and the roadside infrastructure in the licensed ITS band of 5.9 GHz (5.85-5.925 GHz). IEEE 1609 is a higher layer standard on which IEEE 802.11p is based.

IEEE 802.11p

3G/UMTS

• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the emerging mobile phone technologies known as third-generation, or 3G.

• Third-generation systems are designed to include such traditional phone tasks as calls, voice mail, and paging, but also new technology tasks such as Internet access, video, and SMS, or text messaging.

WiMAX

• WiMAX, the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission of data in a variety of ways, ranging from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular-type access. The technology provides broadband speed without the requirement of cables. The technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard (also called WirelessMAN)

Open Research Challenges in VANET

• Packet delivery within the shortest time• Suitable Routing for high dense environment• High mobility (Speed)• Obstacles Environment• Network delay

WSN Based VANET(Wireless Sensor Network-Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks)

• A wireless sensor network (WSN) of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location.

WSN Applications

The applications can be divided in three categories:

1. Monitoring of objects.

2. Monitoring of an area.

3. Monitoring of both area and objects.

Example of WSN

Wireless sensor based vehicular applications

Architecture of WSN based VANET applications

Protocol Architecture

Wireless Sensor Based Hybrid Architecture for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

Current Research In UTM

• Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the hardware and systems software in the datacenters that provide those services.

Vehicular Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing in VANET

Benefits

• Vehicular Cloud Computing VCC emerges from the convergence of powerful implanted vehicle resources, advances in network mobility, ubiquitous sensing and cloud computing.

• The combination of a massive amount of unutilized resources on board vehicles, such as internet connectivity, storage and computing power, can be rented or shared with various customers over the internet, similar to the usual cloud resources.