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TRANSCRIPT
Interactive governance theory for conflict analysis in Ghana’s high forest zone – a holistic approach?
Mirjam A.F. Ros-Tonen and Mercy Derkyi
Dept. of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies
First African IUFRO-FORNESSA regional congress Nairobi, Kenya, 25-30 June, 2012
Objective of this paper
To explore how the interactive governance approach can be used to assess the governability of conflicts over forest and tree resources in Ghana’s high forest zone
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Forest governance
The process of designing, implementing and overseeing policies, laws and regulations relating to the allocation, use and trade of forest resources (Macqueen & Bila, 2004; Ros-Tonen & Kusters, 2010).
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Interactive governance
‘The whole of public as well as private interactions taken to solve societal problems and create societal opportunities. It includes the formulation of and application of principles guiding those interactions and care for institutions that enable them’ (Kooiman & Bavinck, 2005: 17).
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The system-to-be-governed – natural system: Ghana’shigh forest zone (ecosystem + natural resources)
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The system-to-be-governed – human system:
Forest users & stakeholders: Timber operators (TUC holders) Chainsaw millers Farmers Hunters NTFP collectors (subsistence, trade) Herders
Competition for timber, NTFPs and farming landType the footer here 7
The governing system (Source: Derkyi 2012)
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= Interactions between national and transnational governing structures
= Actors from two or more governing structures to constitute the hybrid governingstructure
Transnational governing structures and their influence
Arena of national governing structure
Formal/ statutory governing structure
Traditional/ customary governing
structure
Market (industry) governing structure
Civil society governing structure
Hybrid governing structure
Governance regimes in Ghana’s high forest zone (Source: Kotey et al. 2008)
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Off-reserve
area77%
Forest reserve
23%
Timber production
47%
Permanently protected
22%
Convalesence 7,4%
Reforestation8%
Unknown16%
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Apedwa forest reserve Pamu Berekum forest reserve
Tano-Offin forest reserve(plantation regime)
Off-reserve forest area
GI: Implications for the naturalsystem
Loss of access and use rights for local population groups
No adequate compensation Conflicts
GI: Implications for the human system
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Livelihood conflicts in Tano-Offin GSBA –issues, actors and scale (Source: Derkyi 2012)
DIVERSITY
COMPLEXITY
DYNAMICS
SCALE
Suggestions for further research
The dynamics of interactions- framing of conflicts & relative power positions- negotiating access- institutional dynamics- changing actor constellations- conflict dynamics
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In further research
The dynamics of interactions- framing of conlficts & relative power positions (‘discourses’)* - negotiating access- institutional dynamics (‘rules of the game’)*- changing actor constellations (‘policy coalitions’)*- conflict dynamics
Policy arrangements approach (Tatenhove 2000; Arts 2004; Arts and Tatenhove 2005)?
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Conclusions The IG approach is useful to understand the context of conflicts
before interventions are defined It also helps analysing the natural and human system in an
integrated manner However, an analysis which applies the IG approach remains
descriptive In order to understand the dynamics of interactions more in-
depth analysis is needed of the framing of conflicts, the underlying discourses and power imbalances, and of the negotiation and mediation processes
Complement with the policy arrangements approach by Arts et al. ?
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