intermediate wholesale electricity markets: unit commitment

8/10/2019 Intermediate Wholesale Electricity Markets: Unit Commitment

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J U N E 3 5 , 2 0 1 4 | N O R T H A M P T O N , M A

Unit Commitment & Dis atch

Intermediate Wholesale Electricity Markets (WEM 201)

Ron CoutuS T R A T E G I C M A R K E T A D V I S O R ,

B U S I N E S S A R C H I T E C T U R E & T E C H N O L O G Y


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Intr cti n

Name

Company

How long have you been in your job and the electric industry?

2


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ctiv

Provide an understandin of how Unit Commitment UC and

Economic Dispatch works Objectives

Process

Factors impacting Unit Commitment How Unit Commitment impacts Economic Dispatch

I am always ready to learn, although I do not always like being taught.~Winston Churchill

3


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T ic C v r

Three rimar res onsibilities of ISO New En land ISO

What is Unit Commitment?

Fullday actual market example

Commitment?

4


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THREE PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES OFISO NEW ENGLAND


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Thr Primar R n i iliti f IS

O erate Mana e New En lands Develo and mana e New England's

Bulk Electric

Power System

Wholesale Electricity Marketplace

Ensure a fair and

long term planning process in

New England Dispatch New Englands resources as a single system to:

Maintain reliability throughoutthe region

Minimize cost of electricity

reasonable marketplace

production in New England Adhere to national, regional, and local operating procedures and policies

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A licati n f IS R n i iliti Minimize cost of electricit roduction in New En land

ISO shall determine the least cost security constrained unit commitment and dispatch Least cost means of serving load at different locations in the

New England Control Area based on: Scheduled or actual conditions existing on the power grid

energy in the New England Markets (Market Rule 1)

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WHAT IS UNIT COMMITMENT?


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What i nit C mmitm nt? Decision makin rocess

On/Off scheduling for a defined period

England well before markets (part of the implementation of

NEPOOL in the 70s) Techniques and tools for Unit Commitment have changed and

been updated over the years This trainin is not focused on the techni ues for solvin the Unit

Commitment problem, complex mathematical techniques are used to quickly solve these large problems

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WHAT IS THE OBJECTIVE?


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What i th ctiv f nit C mmitm nt? With demand biddin the ob ective is to maximize

social welfare

Without any demand bidding, the objective is to minimizethe overall committed cost of the resources needed to meet the load and reserve requirements

n o cases, a es n o accoun a o e cos s o producing the energy, including no load costs and startup costs At the same time, UC respects each Resources characterist ics

such as minimum up time, minimum down time

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Param t r in nit C mmitm nt Incremental ener offer curves

Startup costs $ (hot, cold, and intermediate) Costs incurred per startup of the resource ype o s ar s ase upon num er o ours own s nce prev ous run

No load costs $ Fixed cost that is incurred ever hour the resource is runnin

Minimum Run Time (in hours or fractions of hours)

Economic Minimum and Economic Maximum

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Basic Terms and ConceptsUnit Commitment & Dispatch

Pool Schedule (ISO Committed)

Action b the ISO to schedule a resource

Self Schedule (Self Committed)

Action of a Partici ant in committin for which the Participant submitted supply offers to sell energy

ISO can schedule these resources in the DA Market as well as commit them to provide

and/or scheduling its resource, to provide service in an hour, whether or not in the

absence of

that

action

the

resource

would

have been scheduled or dis atched b the

energy in the RT dispatch ISO to provide the service

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H w D llar Val Im act nit C mmitm nt Total production cost ($)

Fixed costs (not dependent on loading level), if unit is on cost is incurred

Startup costs are included in the cost calculation for ever start based on hot cold and intermediate) of the unit

No load costs are included in the cost

calculation for

every

hour

the

unit

is

on

line

Based on the hourly economic dispatched MWh needed from each resource to meet the demand

Minimizing the total of the fixed and incremental costs is the basic objective

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Im act f Tim Data n nit C mmitm nt Generall classified as intertem oral arameters

When a unit

is

committed,

it must run for at least this

When a unit

is

decommitted,

it must sta down for at least

many hours before beingshut down

this many hours before starting up again

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Gra hical R r ntati n f nit C mmitm nt Notification Time

Minimum Run

Time

Minimum Down Time

What do these terms mean?

Minimum Minimum

Release for Dispatch at

EcoMin

Release for shutdown at

EcoMin

Release for Dispatch at

EcoMin

Run Time Down TimeEcoMinoutput (MW)

Start upTime (C,I,H)

Notification Time (C,I,H)

Generator Generator Generator

16

start up order issued by ISO

connects to grid at 0MW

ramps to EcoMin


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Im rtant Fact r W Hav L arn S Far Ob ective function of minimizin costs

Factors that impact the objective function

Self Scheduled (Self Committed) Pool Scheduled (Pool Committed)

nter tempora m ts w on y ma e t e na so ut on more expensive

, any one hour may have a higher cost than its minimum

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FULLDAY ACTUAL MARKET EXAMPLE


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F llDa Act al Mark t Exam l Actual roblem that must be solved b ISO New En land is

usually around

10

50

resources

needing

to

be

committed

per hour for all 24 hours of a day

Obviously trying every possible combination is not possible given the time limits (it would take a day to run a day)

er ma ema ca ec n ques are use o e erm nea solution

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Ma r Cla ificati n f G n rat r

Peaking

Intermediate

Base-load

Mid

20

ternoon


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C mmitm nt Sch l ratin Plan Commitment software determines which enerators are

scheduled to

run

for

which

hours

Only an on/off schedule, the MW levels are not used In the DayAhead Market, we run the commitment schedule

through a dispatch

algorithm

to

determine

loading

levels

and

eman c ear ng as we as na cos s an s

In the RealTime, the commitment schedule (also known as

times for resources; actual dispatch of those resources is done on a fiveminute basis

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F ll Da Exam l Da Ah a Mark t 25000

Virtual Su l

20000

(Between 500 2200 MW each hour)

15000r ua

Supply

Economic

Cleared MW

Economically Committed Resources (Between 1432 each hour)

5000

10000 SS ClearedMW

Self Scheduled Resources (About 120)

0 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3

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Ec n micall C mmitt R rc 9000

Top Line Represents the Why is this gap

7000

8000 um o t e conom c Maximums of the

Economically Committed Resources

needed?

4000

5000

EconomicNonDispatch MW

EconomicDispatched MW

2000

3000Economic Min

0

1000

23


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Actual Commitment ScheduleEconomically Committed Resources (32 Resources)Unit

Name

Min

Run

Min

Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1V 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

24

A 24 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 = Off for this Hour 1 = On for this Hour


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F c n Ba l a C mmitt R rc

Unit

Name

Min

Run

Min

Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0X 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

These Resources have a


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Ec n micall C mmitt R rc

Unit

Name

Min

Run

Min

Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

These Resources have not run for Hour 24, which means that if they will need to meet

Minimum Down Time next Day before running again

V 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

27

A 24 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1



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Long Minimum Run Times / Minimum own mes

A sin le da unit commitment can onl take into account that days needs, but from a next day reliability perspective can we turn every unit off at hour 23?

What if

we

cannot

meet

the

next

morning

load?

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N xt Da C mmitt R rcU n itN a m e M in R u n

M in

D o w n 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4

P 1 0 .2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0X 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0A A 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0S 1 2 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1T 1 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0D D 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 1 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0I 1 4 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0H 1 6 6 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

F 6 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0R 1 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1G 1 6 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1F F 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 1 2 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1E 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1B B 1 4 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1C C 1 4 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Units R and G met their Minimum Down Time. What about Unit V?

L 2 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1E E 2 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1



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Startin Stat f r H r 1 f nit C mmitm nt

Each dail Unit Commitment must start with a status for each resource from the previous day On or Off How man hours in that state?

This status is based on two values: The previous days DayAhead Market Unit Commitment ny c anges ma e o e urren pera ng an urren

Commitment Schedule) by the RAA process or by the Participant Self Scheduling additional or decommiting additional hours by the

30


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Dail C clin C mmitt R rc

Unit

Name

Min

Run

Min

Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0X 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1FF 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

These Resources have 8 to 12 hour minimum runsand total min. run + min. down < 24 these

resources generally have the ability to come onC 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

or one per o a ay pea

31

L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1



32/42

C mmitt P akin R rc

Unit

Name

Min

Run

Min

Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0X 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ea ng esources our or ess Min. run and Min. Down

F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1FF 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

32

L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1



33/42

Ec n micall C mmitt R rc

8000

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF

6000

7000

Same Approximate Load; Different Commitments

4000

5000

3000

1000

33

0

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24


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Comparison of Committed ResourcesHours 12 and 22Unit

Name

Min

Run

Min

Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1V 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1LMP in 22 ~ $3 less than LMP in 12C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

34

A 24 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1



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Limit En r R rc an C mmitm nt

Resources with limited amount of ener as ex ressed b the quantity submitted by the resource owner, are used by the Commitment to optimize the overall cost of the daily dispatch

These Resources may or may not be used in the most expensive hours of the day (or those with the highest LMPs)

since the commitment is usin this resource in con unction with other resources towards the overall objective

Will not optimize the profit of that generator but will optimize

the impact on the objective function

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Comparison of Committed ResourcesHours 12 and 22Unit

Name

Min

Run

Min

Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1V 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

What if this Resource had only 6 hours of full output available?

C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1CC 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

36

A 24 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1



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ECONOMIC DISPATCHHow is Dis atch Im acted b Unit Commitment?


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C mmitm nt Im act n Ec n mic Di atch

Economic Dis atch is the least cost usa e of the committed generators to meet the demand

Economic Dispatch does not have to adhere to inter temporal parameters, since commitment has adheredto them

o n e ay ea an ea me ar e s, e se o resources are committed to maximize the social welfare

(not the commitment)

38


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Actual Commitment ScheduleDispatchable Resources (32 Resources)Unit

Name

Min

Run

Min

Down 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

P 1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0W 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

Y 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

AA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0U 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0B 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0N 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0O 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1S 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0T 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0DD 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0Q 13 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

I 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

V 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0F 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1R 13 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0G 16 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0J 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1K 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1FF 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

C 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1D 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1M 12 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1E 12 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1BB 14 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ac o t e comm tte resources w nee to e economically dispatched between the resources

minimum and maximum every hour

39

A 24 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1EE 24 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1



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Di atch G n rati n25000

20000

Gap

15000

M

W h Total

Capability

Dispatched

Dispatched Generation

5000

Generation

CommittedGen. Min

Minimum of Committed Generators(SS and Economic)

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Hour

40


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Wra

C r ctiv

Provide an understandin of how Unit Commitment and Dispatch works Objectives

Process

Factors impacting Unit Commitment

How Unit Commitment impacts Dispatch

41


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42

intermediate wholesale electricity markets: unit commitment

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