internal migration of britain’s ethnic populations serena hussain and john stillwell school of...
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Internal migration of Britain’s ethnic populations
Serena Hussain and John StillwellSchool of GeographyUniversity of Leeds
Presentation for the UPTAP Workshop held at the University of Leeds, 21-23 March, 2007
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Presentation
• Context• Objectives• Data sources• Levels and types of analysis
- National
- District
- Ward• Conclusions
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Context (1)
• Britain’s smaller urban centres and rural areas have grown in 1980s and 1990s as white-British have moved away from major metropolitan centres
• Counterurbanisation has continued
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Context (2)
• In contrast , distributions of ethnic minority groups, particularly non-whites, have become increasingly concentrated in London and certain provincial cities
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Context (3)
• Immigration also has an urban orientation though more so for non-whites than whites
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Context (4)
• As non-white populations in metropolitan Britain have increased in size through natural change and immigration, there is a contention that ethnic communities are becoming increasingly spatially concentrated and levels of segregation are rising
• Phenomenon akin to what Bill Frey calls ‘balkanisation’ in USA
• Fundamental to understand the population redistribution brought about by internal ‘ethno-migration’ - the focus of our research
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Objectives (1)
• To outline the ethnic composition of internal migration in GB at national, district and ward scales, 2000-01
• To identify patterns of internal ethno-migration vis a vis spatial distribution of ethnic populations and immigration at LAD scale, 2000-01
• To quantify spatial connectivity through ethno-migration, spatial variations in gross and net migration rates, and migration effectiveness at LAD scale, 2000-01
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Objectives (2)
• To carry out detailed analysis of patterns of ethno-migration from London boroughs and wards, looking in particular at characteristics of origins and destinations, 2000-01
• To do the same at ward level for selected set of provincial cities with large concentrations of ethnic minorities, 2000-01
• To estimate what changes in composition and pattern of ethno-migration have occurred in Britain between 1990-91 and 2000-01
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Main Data Sources
2001 Census Key Statistics and Special Migration Statistics (SMS) for analysis at all selected spatial scales
2001 Census Samples of Anonymised Records (SAR) for national and regional analysis
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Which ethnic group classification?CASWEB
WICID
2001 SMS
Level 1(District)
Level 2 (Ward)
2001 KeyStatistics
Table KS6
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Commissioned tables
C0711: Origin-destination flows at district scale by ethnic group (7 groups) and age group (0-15, 16-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-44, 45-59, 60+)
• Also includes flows in from 50 other regions of the world (but not age disaggregated)
C0723(a): Flows by origin (region) and destination (ward) by ethnic group (7 groups) and age (7 groups)
C0723(b): Flows by origin (ward) and destination (region) by ethnic group (7 groups) and age (7 groups)
• Small Cell Adjustment applied to all flows to ensure
confidentiality
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Levels and types of analysis
National levelPopulation Migration* % Rate %
White 52,481,200 5,510,662 91.0 10.5
Indian 1,05,1844 103,457 1.7 9.8
Pakistani and other SA 1,276,892 131,618 2.2 10.3
Chinese 243,258 35,793 0.6 14.7
Black 1,147,597 139,811 2.3 12.2
Mixed 673,796 97,449 1.6 14.5
Other 229,324 35,878 0.6 15.6
Total 57,103,911 6,054,668 100.0 10.6
* Excludes 456,736 persons with no usual address 12 months previously
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District level
• May want to use this classification of local authority districts for presenting aggregate flows
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Net migration flows summed for type of local authority by ethnic group, 2000-01
Ethnic groupLondon
boroughsMetro
districtsUnitary
authoritiesOther local authorities
White -43,918 -19,880 15,124 48,674
Indian -885 -696 760 821
Pakistani and OSA -1,525 125 889 511
Chinese 353 57 -31 -379
Black -4,456 452 2382 1,622
Mixed -2,071 71 583 1,417
Other 118 19 114 -251
Total -52,384 -19,852 19,821 52,415
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London boroughs: Black and Asian ethnic minority populations, 2001
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Indian
Chinese Black
Pakistani and OSA
White
Net migration balances by ethnic group for boroughs
Flows within London only
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Black
Pakistani and OSE Chinese
White
Indian
Major ethno-migration flows taking place between London boroughs, 2000-01
Flows within London only
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Ward level
Need to disentangle some of these patterns!
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Conclusions• Want to say something about ‘linkage’, i.e.
- Are minority ethnic groups becoming more or less geographically concentrated/segregated through internal migration?- Is immigration fuelling processes of ethnic concentration?- Is there any relationship between non-white immigration and white internal migration?
• Want to say something about ‘relative conditions’, i.e.- To what extent is spatial mobility of ethnic migration
linked to social mobility?- What are the differences in the levels of deprivation/affluence between the migrants’ areas of origin and destination?