international aquafeed - march april 2014 full edition

The Role of prebiotics in Pangasius production

Poultry hydrolysates enhance stress resistance & stress tolerance

– in Pacific white shrimp

Volume 17 I s sue 2 2 014 - mARCH | APR I l

INCORPORAT ING F I SH FARM ING TECHNOLOGY

Microalgae and aquaculture – feed and cycle management

Fish Farming Technology supplement

Aquaculture UK– our 16 page guide to the UK's premier

aquaculture event

Volume 17 / Issue 2 / March-April 2014 / © Copyright Perendale Publishers Ltd 2014 / All rights reserved

www.indolivestock.com

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AN INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR THE AQUACULTURE FEED

INDUSTRY - INCORPORATING FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGYCONTENTS

AQUAI N T E R N A T I O N A L

FEED

Volume 17 / Issue 2 / March-April 2014 / © Copyright Perendale Publishers Ltd 2014 / All rights reserved

International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2014 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

Aqua News

3 Monitors at a glance4 Summary of outcomes from FAO’s COFI meeting on the fish trade8 Aquaculture act to provide 20,000 possible jobs9 Methiopedia - a technical reference book for methionine

Features

10 The role of prebiotics in pangasius production14 Poultry hydrolysates enhance stress resistance and stress tolerance in Pacific white shrimp20 Microalgae and aquaculture - feed and cycle management23 Marine laboratory introduces elegant microalgal ‘bubble column’26 Dietary biological additives effect on feed utilization in Nile tilapia32 Fish feed industry in Egypt: constraints and solutions34 The holistic approach to automation and moisture control technology in aquafeed mills46 Aquaculture technology - product showcase

Regular items

7 THE AQUACULTURISTS24 PHOTOSHOOT36 EXPERT TOPIC - SHRIMP42 INDUSTRY EVENTS

FAMI-QS is celebrating its 10-year anniversary Aquaculture Europe 2014 set on San Sebastián, Spain44 CLASSIFIED ADVERTSXIV THE AQUAFEED INTERVIEW (as part of our Aquaculture UK supplement)48 INDUSTRY FACES

Also in this issue:Our 16 page Fish Farming Technology centre section supplement:Aquaculture uKpreview

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EditorProfessor Simon DaviesEmail: [email protected]

Associate EditorsDr Albert TaconEmail: [email protected]

Dr Yu YuEmail: [email protected]

Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition)Email: [email protected]

Editorial Advisory Panel• Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed (Egypt)• Dr Albert Tacon (USA)• Professor António Gouveia (Portugal)• Professor Charles Bai (Korea)• Colin Mair (UK)• Dr Daniel Merrifield (UK)• Dr Dominique Bureau (Canada)• Dr Elizabeth Sweetman (Greece)• Dr Kim Jauncey (UK)• Eric De Muylder (Belgium) • Dr Pedro Encarnação (Singapore)• Dr Mohammad R Hasan (Italy)

Circulation & Events ManagerTuti TanEmail: [email protected]

Design & Page LayoutJames Taylor

Email: [email protected]

International marketing team (UK) Darren ParrisEmail: [email protected]

Lee BastinEmail: [email protected]

Tom BlackerEmail: [email protected]

Latin American Ivàn MarquettiEmail: [email protected]

Pablo Porcel de PeraltaEmail: [email protected]

India Raj KapoorEmail: [email protected]

AfricaNathan NwosuEmail: [email protected]

AustralasiaRoy PalmerEmail: [email protected]

More information: International Aquafeed 7 St George's Terrace, St James' Square Cheltenham, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267706 Website: www.aquafeed.co.uk

This editorial is being written on St Davids’ day (March 1st), the patron Saint of my native Wales so the welcome in Welsh above is so apt.

I was able to escape at least temporarily escape the vicious storms that have affected large parts of England and Wales this year since Christmas causing havoc and very prolonged flooding. I attended the Aquaculture America 2014 conference in Seattle

with members of my research group from Plymouth.

The weather in the Pacific North west was at least more stable, but still cold although dry. These events are very valuable for me to catch up on friends, both technical and academic, and an excellent opportunity to meet students and the next generation of aquaculture specialists. It was a pleasure again to meet Dr Aaron Watson who has now joined the South Carolina, Department of Natural Resources and who has written reports for us on several occasions. However, I did find the trade show rather subdued this year with a noticeable lack of detail and information about products and what appeared to be scaled- down stands and fewer personnel representing organisations and industry. It is of course a very American event but I was disap-pointed by the degree of international attendance as this would be an excellent opportunity to forge business and create synergy between nations engaged in aquaculture. It would certainly have been good to see a more Asian presence as Seattle is within reasonable reach of Asia and China especially. Hopefully, an improved economic up turn could lead to a more prominent event in New Orleans in 2015, where it should be a few degrees warmer for most of us.

In our ‘spring’ issueFor this spring issue we report on a number of interesting developments in the aquaculture feed sector with news on the inclusion of animal by-products that are becoming important again in Europe. Also we report on the algal scene with a feature entitled Microalgae and aquaculture: - feed and cycle management by Thomas Wencker, Regina Storandt, Dr Peter Waldeck (all IGV Biotech), Janine Dinske (Terra Urbana GmbH), Wilfried Lehmann (Spezialfuttermittelwerk Beeskow GmbH). Also we feature an article entitled ‘Effect of Different Sources and Levels of some Dietary Biological Additives on Feed Utilization by Nile Tilapia Fish’ by Abdelhamid, A.M. Animal Production Deptartment, Facilty of Agriculture, Al-Mansourah University, Al-Mansourah, Egypt; and M.E.A. Seden and O.A. Zenhom, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbasa, Abo-Hammad, Egypt.The ‘holistic’ approach to automation and moisture control technology in aquafeed mills by Yannks Christodoulou, President, Agentis Innovations, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand, complements our technology sector.

Trout focusOur special coverage of trout as the fish focus is timely as this industry has declined so much in the UK due to financial pressures and increasing environmental constraints. This is a real pity since it’s my favourite fresh water fish for eating with a delicate flavour, quality and texture. Indeed the Idaho trout farms in the US are well established and I tasted a lovely white fleshed fish in Seattle since in the American market dietary pigments are not commonly used for trout production. On the other hand there is much potential for the UK aquaculture industry as a whole to expand (unless of course our Scottish cousins elect to separate in September) England and Wales may benefit from developments in land-based systems with investments in recirculation systems for novel candidate species and also a growing interest in small sector aquaponics.

Expansion towards 2020I hope you enjoy reading this issue and keep to date with current news and features that assist your businesses and interests. Aquaculture is certainly going to expand towards 2020 with a clear need to address growing production in terms of sustainability and to meet the quality of products through better feed and health management. International aquafeed will always endeavour to lead the way in bringing you the latest informa-tion and news coverage with professional technical input and expertise from around the world.

Professor Simon Davies

Creoso - welcome

To ‘Omega-3’ or not to ‘Omega-3’Ioannis Zabetakis, assistant professor of food chemistry, university of Athens, Greece

Today, there is consid-e r a b l e c o n t r o v e r s y regarding the association

of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

According to some studies, the consumption of oily fish leads to increased levels of Omega-3 PUFAs and thereafter a favourable cardiovascular prognosis; this state-ment was supported with epide-miological data evaluated by meta-analyses and it has been linked to higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Clinically, men who consume oily fish at least once a week had a 50 percent lower incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and sudden cardiac death (SCD).

Mechanistically, though, it is not clear how Omega-3 PUFAs work.

Their postulated mechanism in preventing atherosclerosis could be through lowering the levels of tria-cylglycerol, preventing arrhythmias, decreasing platelet aggregation, or lowering blood pressure.

On the other hand, the asso-ciation of Omega-3 PUFAs and CVDs has been revised recently by evaluating all randomised trials on the supplementation of omega-3 PUFAs to adults. In a recent review (JAMA, 2012, vol. 308, p.1024), the results of 20 studies on 68,680 patients were evaluated and Omega-3 PUFAs were not found to be statistically significantly associated with CVDs in various patient populations.

Then again, there is considerable doubt today if lowering blood cho-lesterol is a true prerequisite in order to protect ourselves from CVDs.

In fact, cholesterol can be corre-lated with CVDs but without being a causal factor for it. Therefore, people with high levels of High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) face

no higher risk for CVDs as the ratio (and not only the absolute levels!) of LDL to HDL is also important in disease prognosis.

Not addressing the nutritional value

With all the above in mind, it is rather surprising to see that most of the studies in aquaculture are not addressing the nutritional value of the final produce from the consumer point of view.

People eat fish because they have been told that “fish is good for you” and this is valid and true.

On top of that, aquaculture fish is even better since all raw ingredi-ents and fish are constantly scruti-nised under strict quality assurance procedures following all relevant requirements (for example, those of ISO22000, ISO9001, IFS, BRC, etc).

The final product is thus fully checked in terms of safety and quality but also in terms of sensory properties.

However, is it properly evalu-ated for its nutritional value against CVDs?

If not, future research into the identification of fish lipids with specific cardioprotective activ-ities could bring added value to aquaculture and be a viable mar-keting tool in promoting (func-tional) aquafeeds and fish. The commercial future can be bright if the functional properties of fish are emphasised on the label, after having carried out relevant bio-assays.

In doing so, it is rather vital to assess the full lipidomic spectrum for cardioprotective activities and not only the levels of Omega-3 PUFAs. Fish does contain polar lipids with strong anti-atherogenic proper ties and these molecules can be further exploited, both aca-demically and commercially.

[email protected]

IAF is sponsoring the World Aquaculture Adelaide 2014 Photo Competition. A panel of experts will determine a winner and runner-ups

with prizes going to all three. Entries should be submitted by 1st May 2014 to:

[email protected]

More details can be found on the IAF website at: www.aquafeed.co.uk

IAF will announce the winners and a selection of other entries.

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3

Aqua News

Designed specifically for aquaculture systems, the YSI 5200A (DO,

pH, Conductivity, Salinity, ORP, Temperature), 5500D (optical

DO) and the 5400 (galvanic DO) bring integrate process control, feeding, alarm and data management into one product - or into an entire network.

These products make your job easier and can greatly improve the efficiency at your facility, says the company YSI from

Monitoring and controlling with the 5200A, 5500D, and 5400 is managed locally by the instrument, not at a central PC or device, providing security that an entire system won't fail.

Easy can be used with a low, total overall cost of owner-ship. User-scalable as a facility needs change, unlike typical PLCs or DCPs and does not require engineers or program-mers to change or add to the system.

With the ability to measure multiple probes, and vir tu-ally any parameter and multiple locations, you can design a total solution.

The Feed Smar t conditional

feed timer software is included with every monitor. This is a very powerful feeding interface with most powered feeders. You can manage feed deliveries

based on user-selectable inputs for the number of daily feedings, daily feed weights, total biomass and feed conversion ratios (FCRs) along with parameter control based on water quality values which reduces, or stops, feeding as water quality dete-riorates.

With AquaManager, you will have access to quality data (water quality parame-ters, event logs, etc.) to better manage your operation and improve efficiency. SMS and email alarms quickly notify if parameters are exceeding user-defined limits. Data can be easily accessed remotely using AquaManager and/or our AquaViewer app.

More inforMation:YSI Incorporated1700/1725 Brannum LaneYellow Springs, Ohio 45387-1107USATel: +1 937-767-7241Fax: +1 937-767-9353 FaxEmail: [email protected]: www.ysi.com/

Monitors at a glance

The 14th session of the FAO Sub-Committee on Fish Trade of the Committee of

Fisheries (COFI) came to an end on February 28, 2014 following a full week meeting in Bergen, Norway.

Here are the brief take-home messages for IAF readers from this absorbing FAO meeting hosted by the Norwegian Government:

• The meetings are essential in ensuring that we bring the world’s fishing industry on a path of continuous improvement and this cannot be achieved if we do not communicate. There could be efficiencies made but it might mean cutting across cultures and that might create issues, so whilst the costs may be high it is important that the process continues. It is the cost of democracy someone said. Turning up is important

• Learn more about FAO strat-egies and framework and, in particular, the Blue Growth Strategy (http://mediavisionz.com.au/global-seafood-tv/)

• Everyone supported the key role played by fisheries and aquaculture in world food security, as a source of nutri-tious food and as a contributor to economic growth and devel-opment being a foundation of employment, livelihood and income. Additionally, the impor-tance of FAO role in capacity building for developing countries and FAO was urged to continue to provide technical support to facilitate market access, value addition, post-harvest and food safety issues

• Some members noted the growing role of certification and eco-label schemes and the potential additional burden and cost these could place on pro-ducers. The other side of the coin was that these schemes do provide the opportunity of communicating the exist-ence of sustainable managed resources and many sug-gested that developing coun-tries should be supported in overcoming problems related to these issues

• Everyone supported better integration of FAO work and the growing collaboration of FAO with other international organisations. Some members expressed concern regarding the budgetary situation and the availability of adequate budget to effectively accomplish fish-eries related activities

• During the meeting it was noted the added pressure coming on the FISH INFO network and encouraged FAO to continue its support and coordination of this network recognising the important con-tribution the organisations make in a regional capacity

• The work on post-harvest losses was considered to be a major challenge for countries not having the infrastructure with processing and storage facilities. The Sub-Committee highlighted the potential of making more fish available for human consumption, improved use of by-products and reten-tion of by-catch

• The Committee supported the growing attention to gender issues in FAO projects and especially the inclusion of gender as a cost-cutting stra-tegic objective in the new framework

• There was good sol id suppor t for the improve-ment of Harmonized System of Classification (HS) for fish products with World Customs Organisation. Suggestion on the improvement, including the utilisation of Taxonomic Serial Numbers to compliment the HS in creating a better break-down for species which need to be monitored more pre-cisely, such as sharks and rays and the distinction of farmed and wild origin in trade data

• On Fish Trade and Human Nutrition, a relatively new agenda item for this Sub-Committee, there was much agreement about the need to increase fish consumption

• It was acknowledged that the positive statements from the OECD-FAO Outlook 2013-

Summary of outcomes from FAO’s COFI meeting on the fish trade

The GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance module, started in 1992 as a Good Manufacturing Practice code. Nowadays, it is a well-elaborated certification scheme for the whole feed

chain, with a number of tools integrated in this scheme.

One of these tools is the GMP+ Monitoring Database which is created to support GMP+ participants with managing their mon-itoring program.

The GMP+ Monitoring Database was launched on January 29, 2014 as part of the new GMP+ portal.

In this new database (groups of) companies can configure their own area for managing their analysis results of undesirable sub-stances in feed materials but also (aqua)feed . All steps of the mon-itoring program can be followed in the GMP+ Monitoring database: from the sample planning up until the sharing of analysis results and the creation of reports of the results.

The GMP+ Monitoring database is an extra service offered by GMP+ International to all GMP+ certified companies, free of charge. The database is made for and made by the GMP+ certi-fied companies.

Sharing analysis resultsTogether with locations within a company or for instance members

of a collective monitoring program, you can form a group allowing you to easily share your planning and analysis results. But you can also share individual analysis results with a customer.

PersonalisationThe GMP+ Monitoring database provides plenty of personal-

ization options. For instance, you can record your own product name in the system. In addition, you can add additional informa-tion to a sample, such as the sample taker’s name, the place where the sample was taken, etc. You can easily create the input fields for this.

Sending in analysis resultsAs soon as the laboratory has completed the analysis, they

will provide the results. You can add these results to the GMP+ Monitoring database directly in the user-friendly web form. But you can also ask your laboratory to send in the results on your behalf. They can create an electronic message (Excel or XML file) con-taining all relevant data and import it in the GMP+ Monitoring database.

Basic version vs. plus versionThe basic version of the GMP+ Monitoring database is a tool

that is provided to all GMP+ certified companies without addi-tional costs. But company specific add-ons in the GMP+ Monitoring database can also be created via a plus version. Please contact us for more information.

Want to know more about the GMP+ Monitoring database?

The GMP+ Monitoring database can be found in our portal. You can contact us via our contact form (put the following in the subject line: GMP+ Monitoring database). If you would rather contact us by phone, please call +31 703 074120.

Sharing monitoring data via the GMP+ Monitoring DatabaseJohan den Hartog, managing director of GMP+ International, Rijswijk, The Netherlands

4 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

Aqua News

2022 relating to increased harvests of wild capture fish-eries be attributed to resilience in rebuilding plans in a number of countries

• The Sub-Committee empha-sised the importance of a trans-parent, robust and harmonized trading system, with measures applied in a transparent, con-sistent and non-discriminatory manner in accordance with applicable WTO rules. Some members expressed concern about the growing inequality in fish trade, in particular along the value-chain with the low share of retail prices obtained by fish producers, in partic-ular small-scale fishermen and fish farmers. To that end the Sub-Committee supported FAO’s work on the value-chain analysis of international fish trade conducted 2009-2012. Further analysis of the rela-tionship between stakeholders in the value-chain, including how prices and margins vary according to the relative position in the chain, would be beneficial

• The issue of unilateral trade measures and fisheries subsidies was raised by some members. Many members stressed that any unilateral measures should be applied consistently with the relevant WTO agreements. It was underlined that enhanced dialogue and consultation among countries would benefit international trade

• In the area of effects of eco-labelling schemes on fish-eries the Sub-Committee expressed concerns about a range of issues relating to schemes, including their poten-tial to create trade restrictions and generate increased costs. They noted the importance of FAO’s cooperation with WTO and other intergovernmental organisations in providing tech-nical advice on eco-labelling schemes and their impact on international seafood trade. Amongst other issues the Sub-Committee agreed that more research is needed on the impact of eco-labels on the sustainability of fisheries and economic returns to pro-ducers.

• The Sub-committee discussed the UN General Assembly Fisheries Resolution’s call for FAO work on catch documen-tation schemes and noted the usefulness of such schemes in the fight against illegal, unre-ported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. An offer of finance to arrange expert consultation on catch documentation schemes in line with terms of reference to be agreed by COFI for such work was noted. The following principles to apply to catch documentation schemes being inconformity with the provi-sions of relevant international law; not create unnecessary barriers to trade; equivalence; risk-based; reliable, simple, clear and transparent; and electronic if possible. Additionally, it was re-iterated that cost-benefit considerations should also be undertaken before the intro-duction of any new catch doc-umentation scheme

• The small-scale sector and its contribution to sustainable live-lihoods was a subject that received much discussion and will be the subject of additional separate communiques. The new Strategic Objectives for FAO, acknowledged by the Sub-Committee as priority areas for support of FAO, bring this area firmly into the mix of important activities and actions.

• There was discussion and suppor t from the Sub-committee for FAO coop-eration with CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) whose General Secretary underscored the good collaboration at the meeting. Sharks, skates and rays are the current areas where the Sub-Committee strongly sup-ported elaboration of specific codes in the 2017 edition of the Harmonized Systems classifica-tion by the WCO and this work was stressed as being of impor-tance for the improvement in shark trade data.

• Finally, it was decided that the next FAO COFI Sub-committee meeting on Fish Trade will take place in the Kingdom of Morocco at a date yet to be decided.

F ollowing on from the excellent Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF)

Session at Asian Pacific Aquaculture in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in 2013 we had another terrific group of speakers at Seattle in February at American Aquaculture 2014.

I was able to co-chair with Antonio Garza d ’Yta and the session and opened with Gleyn Bledsoe present ing , “Aquaculture as a Successful and Sustainable Instrument for Affecting Economic Recovery and Development in a Post War Environment”.

This was a harrowing story highlighting how women, children and the poor/needy are always the most disadvantaged in these circumstances.

Additionally, the stories of survival from horrific injuries to re-build a new beginning were quite stirring. Gleyn ended with some bright hopes for the future in Sri Lanka and indicated that entrepreneurial individuals would likely succeed in the long run. We are going to discuss with Gleyn how AwF can assist him in his attempts to turns these issues around.

A similar story unfolded from Joseph R Sullivan in his presen-tation regarding Liberia, entitled, “Bootstrapping Aquaculture from Production to Marketing in Developing Nations”.

Joseph spoke of some of the basic elements from hand-sexing for all male-tilapia to pituitary spawning of catfish; focusing on novel feed components that are nutritious but not in demand for human food; increasing the quality of the fish sold as that creates higher prices; and how co-ops can be good (helping to get the equipment/supplies indi-vidual farmers can’t get) and bad (creating division of labor/sectors).

Looking to expand her horizons in aquaculture, Angela Caporelli, (engaged in the current ballot to be the next WAS Secretary), gave the audience a terrific overview of her visit to Kenya as a volunteer for AwF through the USAID program.

Angela went to Kenya with Marty Riche and they worked in the Rift Valley and Coastal Provinces. One of the aspects, highlighted in Angela’s summa-tion that AwF will be following through on will be the need for an in-depth training program including all aspects of aquacul-ture and a well-trained exten-sion person to start aquaculture development in the area.

The session had two pres-entations about AwF’s fir st Aquaculture Learning Centre (ALC) in Mexico. Scott Lindell gave a talk on the work that he and Rick Karney did when visiting Mexico on the USAID program administered for AwF through Kevin Fitzsimmons/University of Arizona.

A bright future was suggested for the oyster program being developed through the ALC, so onward and upward in that direction. It is seen as a priority strategy as AwF is keen to develop small business activities enabling there to be some sus-tainable outcomes.

Antonio spoke in general terms regarding the future of the Mexican ALC and sug-gested that terrific prospects existed with Government organ-isations such as CONAPESCA and INAPESCA, and through alli-ances with WAS-LACC, GILLS and RAA (Red de Acuicultura de las Americas).

We have lots to do so must move on. Thank you very much for reading this and if you feel the need to assist we have yet to turn anyone down, so do not hesitate to contact me.

Plenty to do after wars move onRoy Palmer, director, Aquaculture without Frontiers


Aqua News

viewAQUACULTURE

by Dominique P Bureau, member of the IAF Editorial Panel

Feeding a Growing Human Population in an Efficient, Safe and Environmentally-Friendly Manner

As the world population con-tinues to increase, food security on a global scale is becoming a key priority. Feeding nine billion people by 2050 represents a formidable challenge. Along with population growth, economic growth and the rise of the mid-dle class in several countries are leading to significant increase in the demand for food products of animal origins. Global consump-tion of animal food products is projected to rise 73 percent by 2050, while dairy demand is expected to grow by 58 percent from current levels (FAO, 2011). The FAO estimates that the world needs to boost output of cereals by 1 billion tonnes and produce 200 million extra tonnes of livestock products a year by 2050 to feed a growing popula-tion who is consuming increasing amount of animal food products.In this context, livestock produc-tion, including aquaculture, should use natural resources more efficiently to meet ever-growing demand. Animal diets should increasingly be based on the valorization of food resources deemed unsuitable (or less desir-able) for human consumption. However, we must also ensure that animal food products are

safe, nutritious and health pro-moting, while produced in a man-ner that is ethical and financially and environmentally viable.Agricultural commodities (grains and oilseeds) are increasingly processed to extract nutrients and resources for human use (e.g. starch, proteins, bio-fuels). There is considerable potential to add value to the diverse co-products generated by agriculture, food and bio-fuel industries, by generating novel feeds that fit the needs of the animal industry. Moreover, it is estimated that about 97% of all agricultural and food waste is plowed back in the field, land-filled or incinerated. While efforts to compost or find industrial uses for wastes are underway, it is widely agreed that the valorization of co-products and agricultural, industrial and food wastes through their use as feeds for farm and compan-ion animals represents a more sustainable option since valuable (and increasingly expensive) nutri-ents can be more meaningfully recovered and used. Valorization of wastes and co-products generated by agriculture, food and bio-fuel industries as animal feed resources represents nonetheless important challenges, including (1) variability in the availability, chemical composition and nutritional composition of these potential feed resources, (2) food safety and public health (e.g. contamination with patho-gens and deleterious substances), (3) regulations governing use of co-products and (4) logistics and economics (cost/benefit). A number of innovative technolo-gies are available to address some of these challenges. Research and the development and adop-tion of new technologies has over the past several decades greatly enhanced livestock production by improving efficiency of dietary resource use, the health and wel-fare of animals and reducing the output of waste per unit of food product produced. Stakeholders of the industry must continue to work together to address the major challenges of efficiently and ethically meeting the needs of growing and increasingly affluent human population.Agree or disagree? Any com-ments? Please don't hesitate to send me feedback or suggestions at [email protected] I am always very happy to interact with IAF readers!


Aqua News

Extreme weather causes salmon escape

Extremely poor weather has resulted in the escape of approximately 155,000

salmon from a Shetland fish farm.Meridian Salmon Group has con-

firmed that damage caused to its fish cages at the Ness of Copister, on the island of Yell, from strong winds and heavy seas led to the escape, which represents almost half of its total farmed fish of some 364,000 salmon. The remaining salmon have been relocated.

Antibiotics in aquaculture

There is a looming fear of how antibiotics in aquac-ulture are used. Creating

more adaptive strains as they are used on each level of the produc-tion chain - so they are only avail-able for use for a selective time before becoming obsolete.

As such Aidan Hollis from the University of Calgar y proposes that a user fee be added to those aquaculture produces whom use anti-biotics. However this ar ticle challenges that notion; empha-sizing on the simple fact that aqua-culture only produces 150,000kg of ant i-biot ics per year, the same equivalent as the amount produced for pets - alternatively livestock produces 13,540,000kg of anti-biotics per year. With aqua-culturalists using approximately 50 grams of anti-biotics per tonne of feed and 5 grams per tonne of fish produced. When looking at the numbers it can be simply stated the aquaculture has a non-impact on the proliferation of anti-biotics.

Danish Aquaculture

Denmark has made great strides on improving its policies in order to facili-

tate future aquaculture growth and development. Focusing on its devel-opment of a new strategy to put greener technologies at the fore front of fish farm production. Implementing state-of-the-art recirculation which vastly improves efficiency and sustain-ability of Danish fish farms - exponen-tially outweighing the possible costs of implementing the technology.

With the assistance of Oceanpick Sri Lanka has established its first

offshore aquaculture production area. Holding the hope of producing Barramundi fish off the China Bay, Trincomalee - using the countries first sea cage to do so. Investing an

initial $1.5 million on equipment with the expectancy of the total overhead reaching $4 million in expenditures. The Barramundi fish are initially held in a tank environment until they become more developed - later being released into the enclosed cage zone for future harvest

Offshore developments in Shri Lanka

The blood of horseshoe crabs is often harvested from live crabs for use in pharma-

ceuticals; the major product from their blood being limulus amebo-cyte lysate. A product, which is used throughout the medical and phar-maceutical industry. According to University of New Hampshire and Plymouth State University these living crabs are being too heavily bled - harvesting approximately thirty percent of their total blood; leading to a mortality rate of twenty to thirty percent. After conducting experiments it was concluded that

the horseshoe crabs would become heavily disoriented which drastically changed their behavior. After further analysis it was determined that this would have a further adverse effect if done during their breeding season. It still isn’t clear what practices are most negative for the horseshoe crabs in question, whether it is the transportation process or bleeding process. Regardless, many within the biomedical industry believe that the practice must become more sus-tainable and if we fail to do so it might be detrimental to coastal eco-systems.

Practices negative for horseshoe crabs

GAA collaborates with Chinese food operatorThe Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA) has signed a memorandum of under-standing (MoU) with Wuhan Lanesync Supply Chain Management Co. Ltd., in order to cross-promote both organisations’ activities and the advancement of responsible aquaculture.Based in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, Wuhan Lanesync handles pur-chasing, distribution, logistics, marketing, processing and other activities for more than 35,000 restaurants and hotels throughout China. http://bit.ly/1j4UCqr

Adisseo publishes METHIOPEDIA, the technical reference book for methionineOn the occasion of its Rhodimet®AT 88 production plant start-up in Nanjing, China, Adisseo is publishing Methiopedia - The Methionine Reference Book, intended for nutritionists, purchasers, formulators and technical managers within the premix and feed industries, as well as students, who want to enhance their knowledge of methionine and its use.bit.ly/1hFcHbY

Marine laboratory introduces elegant microalgal ‘bubble column’ Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK, well known for its environmental research, has expanded its interests into commercial algal biomass production; but it’s not the algae they are selling but the means to grow them. After 30 years of growing microalgae for research purposes, PML is now uti-lising this knowledge and expertise to provide solutions to the wider com-munity. The first product out of the laboratory and onto the production line is a bubble column-style photobioreactor for growing micro-algae.bit.ly/1lyJm72

Seaweed Could be Next New BiofuelNew research from the University of Greenwich reveals that seaweed can be effectively used as a liquid bio-fuel; providing another renewable energy source. Unlike other bio-fuels; seaweed provides an alternative option that does not cut into food production - "First generation fuels such as bio-eth-anol from sugarcane and corn, or biodiesel from rape seed and palm oil, are in direct competition with food for arable land and water. As such that have an adverse effect on food prices and supply."bit.ly/1hMaU59

New Funding for WA YTKThrough the Regional Grants Scheme, Royalties for Regions a grant of $1.3m is being made to the overall trial project cost of $2.145m for a trial grow-out of up to 30,000 Yellowtail Kingfish fingerlings at Champion Bay, Geraldton, Western Australia. The initial trial in 2008-09 received $605,595 from the same source which sees additional collaboration between the Marine Fish-farmers Association (MFA) and Indian Ocean Fresh Australia (IOFA). bit.ly/1iVdqX4

The Aquaculturists

A regular look inside the aquaculture industry

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www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com

34% of the total Canadian marine value is provided by aquaculture14,500 - people within Canada were employed full time by the aquaculture industry in 2010. $690.9 million - was the value produced in Canada by Atlantic salmon, becoming Canada’s top aquaculture export.$36.2 million - is the value of blue mussel shellfish exports from Canada, becoming its top shellfish export.20 - years is the time it took for Canada to increase its aquaculture industry four fold. 51% - is the percentage of Canadian aqua-culture is produced in British Columbia.50/50 - is the ratio of aquaculture produc-tion by the Pacific and Atlantic Coast along Canada’s border.

NUMBER CRUNCHING

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Aqua News

Marine-based bio-indus-tries received an injec-tion of support today

with the launch of BioMarine TV.

This is a new 'news' service, offered through Bio-Mar ine Organisation Ltd in partnership with Paris-based MLG Events, that has been launched today and is available on the internet through YouTube.

The sub-five minute inaugural video is presented by newsreader Ginie Van de Noort and reports on recent news items related to the biomarine industry in a quick-fire format.

News items covered in this first edition of Biomarine TV includes:

• Iceland Ocean Cluster - Fish processing

• Pia Winberg, Australia - Seaweed Production

• Ilar ia Nardello, Ireland - European Projects

• Allma & A4F, Por tugal - Microalgae

• Tiago Henriques, Portugal - Biomaterials

• HSH Prince Alber t II of Monaco - Awarded

A featured interview:P ie r re E rwes , Cha i rman

BioMarine / Marine Bioresources Ecosystem (Pierre offers anyone with news to contact him "if you wish to add some visibility, be interviewed, or co-develop a web series" on: [email protected])

Biomarine TV has arrived

AQUACULTURE UPDATES

Aquaculture farms to use geothermal resources Aquaculture farms in Mindoro will be growing large volumes of Tilapia, Sea Bass and Shrimp through the utilization of geothermal plants. This will provide a controlled water temperature that is also nutrient-rich, which can be utilized in order to grow high quality fish. (EPI) Emerging Power Inc is hoping to implement this development and work in conjunction with Mindoro fisherman in a joint venture . Launching the joint venture with a 40-megawatt plant costing $180 million; the geothermal water will allow a temperature of 36 to 38 degrees to be maintained within the fish tanks - shortening the breeding

cycle of the fish drastically.

The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) in Western Australia has provided the green light for the development of aquaculture in the North West of Derby. It is estimated that the allocated 2,000 hectare zone will produce 20,000 tonnes of fin fish per year. "It provides an investment-ready platform that companies who want to come in, or existing companies who want to expand, can actually use." says Steve Nel; aquaculture manager for the Department of Fisheries.

By 2030, China is projected to account for 38 percent of the wor lds total consumption of fish. As the worlds middle class exponentially grows; so will the demand for fish - After 2030, 70% of the worlds total fish produce will be consumed by Asia. With

this demand for fish looming, China and other nations are exponentially increasing their investment within the aquaculture industry.

Hundreds if not thousands of school children are learning about fish through a unique initiative in the USA called 'Trout in the Classroom'. The project began when Monica Willits of Byron a small town in Minnesota, USA visited Stewartville Middle School in February last year. She asked a class decorated with fish, "Do you like fish?"

It was to have wide-ranging impact. As it happens, Willits is youth education coordinator for Hiawatha Trout Unlimited (TU) and was looking for classrooms for TU's 'Trout in the Classroom' projects in this region.

Di rec to r a t e o f F i s he r i e s announced that Cermaq was

awarded five of the fifteen new green licenses in group B. There were in total 72 bids in this category and the fifteen highest bids had a value between NOK 55 mill and NOK 66 mill. Cermaq's bid prices were NOK 63 mill for three licenses and NOK 55 mill for two licenses. We are very pleased with the outcome of this first round of allocation of green licenses, and are convinced that we will develop these licenses in a positive way for Cermaq and its shareholders, says CEO Jon Hindar. Cermaq will provide information as to where the new licenses will be located, total investment and the timing of the expected increase in production when the outcome of the remaining allocation of licenses in groups A and C have been announced and Cermaq has concluded it final investment plan.


Aqua News

Within the last 20 year s , the aqua-cu l ture industr y

has grown exponentially within Canada - increasing fourfold in industrial and economic capacity. Aquaculture in 2010 represented 34% of Canada's total marine value. Salmon farming in British Columbia contr ibutes $800 million per year to the provin-cial economy, with the massive

potential for further growth and expansion. It is estimated that the salmon industry might raise in value to $1.4 billion in 2020; further increasing to $3.5 billion in 2035.

It will be necessary to imple-ment proper aquaculture acts and legislation in order to facil-itate this growth within the industr y. BCSF's Execut ive Director Jeremy Dunn states

that it would be possible for the industry to further employ 8000 more people by 2020, increasing to 20,000 in 2035. The major determination for this future growth relies on the ability to secure legislation that works with ocean farmers and cements guidelines which allows investors as well as farmers to develop long term goals.

By implementing the proper

legislation, we set the stage for future growth and acknowledge the aquaculture industries legit-imacy. Developing the frame-work that will define what aqua-culture actually is under federal law. Hopefully in the future this will give aquaculture farmers the opportunity to maintain public interest, while having the freedom to expand and grow the sector for years to come.

Aquaculture act to provide 20,000 possible jobs

Folate/Folic acid is essen-tial for numerous bodily functions – a slight defi-

ciency can lead to lots of health problems.

Humans cannot do not create their own folate/folic acid; so, folate has to be supplied through the diet to meet daily require-ments. Humans need folate to

synthesize DNA, repair DNA, and methylate DNA and it is especially impor tant in aiding rapid cell division and growth, such as in infancy and preg-nancy. Children and adults both require folate to produce healthy red blood cells and prevent anemia.

Folate occurs naturally in many

foods, and you will always hear about its connections with dark green leafy vegetables but rarely will it be explained that one of the best foods for natural folate are Oysters (other molluscs also rate highly). The medical profes-sion and the industry are far too defensive to promote but maybe now is the time!

As this report highlights the UK Government is being urged to press ahead with mandatory for-tification of bread and flour with folic acid in a bid to reduce neural tube defects in foetuses. Perhaps a mollusc promotion would not only be good for the industry but also be great for the health of the nation.

The time for oyster promotion

Yes this exists – increasing the awareness and under-standing of living nature

through an Encyclopedia of Life (EoL) that gathers, generates, and shares knowledge in an open, freely accessible and trusted digital resource is a massive resource.

Our knowledge of the many life-forms on Earth - of animals, p lants , fung i , prot i s t s and bacteria - is scattered around the wor ld in books, journals, databases, websites, specimen collections, and in the minds of people everywhere. The group of people and organisations

behind EoL are continuing to gather this information together and make available to everyone – anywhere – at a moment’s notice.

Just recently they have launched TraitBank, which is a search-able, comprehensive, open digital repository for organism traits,

measurements, interactions and other facts for all taxa across the tree of life. TraitBank cur-rently features over three million records related to more than 250 attributes for 272,720 taxa obtained from 32 data sources. Read the encyclopedia here: http://eol.org

Encyclopedia of life

On the occasion of its Rhodimet®AT 88 pro-duction plant start-up

in Nanjing, China, Adisseo is

publishing ‘Methiopedia - The Methionine Reference Book’, intended for nutritionists, pur-chasers, formulators and tech-nical managers within the premix and feed industries, as well as students, who want to enhance their knowledge of methionine and its use.

“Being one of the first compa-nies to have synthesised powder methionine in the 1940s, we con-sidered that it could be of great interest to collect all the scien-tific information that Adisseo has gathered in research studies, trials and customer experience,” says Pierre Casamatta, Adisseo global business director of methionine and sulphur products.

“Adisseo experts have compiled information on methionine from around the world, including the latest developments, from fun-damental research to in-vivo trials performed both in inde-pendent experimental facilities and on commercial farms,” he explains.

The book offers a complete description of the three forms of methionine – L-methionine (L-Met), DL-methionine (DL-Met) and DL-methionine hydroxy (DL-HMTBA) – with their character-istics and properties.

General chemical processes, metabolism and utilisation of each form are detailed in the book and

Methiopedia gives precise data on hydrolysis, absorption, and intes-tinal transport of these different sources.

“Methiopedia includes research highlights on digestion and metab-olism. Statistical models for dose-response are discussed,” says Professor R.A. Swick from the University of New England in Australia.

Methionine exhibits addi-tional functions in animals beyond protein synthesis.

These funct ions have been studied by a number of research teams, including Rachel Mar t in-Venegas , Univer sity of Barcelona, Spain and J. Buyse, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium and are also explained in Methiopedia: cellular-signaling function, protein expres-sion, acidification, antioxidant potential.

Besides physiological data, Methiopedia also provides a review of important animal performances (feed con-version, body weight gain, etc) with practical diets including DL-Methionine or DL-HMTBA, especially for broilers.

These recent data have been compiled from trials on animals conducted at different insti-tutes across the world, such as BARC, (Bangkok Research Center), Thailand; The China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; IRTA, Spain; INRA, France as well as Adisseo’s facil-

ities (CERN - Center of Expertise and Research in Nutrition - Commentry, France).

“These trials and their meta–

analysis show new evidence of the biological equivalency of both forms,” says Pierre Dalibard, global technical manager at Adisseo.

Fur thermore, the technical aspects of incorporating DL-Met

or DL-HMTBA in feeds are developed by Adisseo experts in Methiopedia.

They detail the different parame-ters involved in dosing and mixing accuracy, up to recovery tests, to ensure that the required level of methionine is reached in feed for both powder and liquid forms.

Many technical results of recent trials carried out by Adisseo are provided in the book’s appendix, which also contains a selection of relevant abstracts or articles on methionine presented at the latest Adisseo Advancia Seminars.

Every year since 2007 these meetings gather worldwide sci-entists and nutritionists to share research progress on sulphur amino acids. The most recent one was held on August 25, 2013 in Potsdam, Germany and drew 90 participants from around the world.

More inforMation: Methiopedia is available priced 39 EurosTo order - https://sites.google.com/a/adisseo.org/brands/rhodimet-methionine

Methiopedia - a technical reference book for methioninePublished by Adisseo

Pierre Casamatta, Adisseo, global business director, methionine & sulphur

products


Aqua News

Special themeJoin us at VIV India 2014 for the CropTech-FeedTech Conferences. Digital engineering in feed industry & Nutrition including presentations, debates and international keynote presentations.

April 23 - 25, 2014 | Bangalore, India

MORE INFORMATIONvisit our website

www.viv.net

VIV India 2014

In India, the steady growth in freshwater aquaculture is led by the recent produc-tion of the Pangasius catfish. In fact, Andhra Pradesh, the fifth largest state in

the country, is now know as the “Fish Bowl” of India for its rich production of pangasius.

Catfish production is the fastest grow-ing fish farming in the country’s aquaculture sector; however it appears as the higher the production increases, the higher the risk for disease outbreak among the species.

Under intensive production methods and poor culture management, fish are exposed to stressful conditions leading to growth reduction and higher susceptibility to various diseases. Red disease often occurs during the change from the dry to rainy season and dur-ing the flood season.

Signs of Red disease include the fraying and reddening of fins, and irregular, variably sized areas of de-pigmentation and red pigmenta-tion that can develop anywhere on the body surface, leading to open sores and ulcers. Infections can occur in any age, but losses tend to be most severe in fry and small fingerlings.

Pseudomonas fluorescens, thought to be the causative agent of the Red disease, or Bacterial Hemorrhagic Septiciemia disease of pond-cultured fish, is considered a primary pathogen of freshwater and opportunistic pathogen for different fish species grown in marine and brackish waters worldwide. Clinical symptoms of the bacteria include darkening of the skin and hemorrhage in skins and the fins.

According to a study conducted by the Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University (Faruk, Md. A.R. 2008), the most prevalent symptoms of the Red disease in pangasius hypophthalmus, are red spot, followed by anal protusion, tail and fin rot, pop eye, dropsy and gill rot.

The 100 fish farmers interviewed also reported other conditions like cotton wool type lesion, ulceration and white spot, but at lower rates. Economic losses were estimated to be 3.6 percent of the farmers’ total yearly income in fish production due to ill-health.

The successful control of disease in aqua-

culture requires a multifaceted approach, whereby better management practices are combined with the use of specially selected fish stock and adequate nutrition to improve overall fish health.

In intensive culture systems, improvement of natural health and immunity in fish is dependent on proper nutrition.

From a commercial perspective, mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) have been used in aqua diets for almost 20 years. The return on investment, based on increased perfor-mance and improvement in efficiency, has been demonstrated in countless academic and commercial trials. The major source of these functional carbohydrates is the cell wall fraction of bakers’ and brewers’ yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Recently, new data has become available on a second-generation, purified and more bioactive fraction derived from a selected

strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This natural Mannan Rich Fraction of carbohydrate (MRF) has been shown to block unfavorable organ-isms from the gut. This carbohydrate supports nutrient utilisation, maintains digestive function and enzyme activity, controls inflammation and reduces the gap between ideal and actual performance. These mechanisms have been confirmed using nutrigenomic data. (Note: The compound is commercially available as ActigenTM (Alltech Inc) which is a bioactive fraction derived from yeast cell wall and has shown favorable results on growth perfor-mance and health status of the pangasius catfish.)

Indirectly, recent studies have illustrated the potential to reduce cost of antibiotic inputs in aquaculture through the improve-ment of gut health and nutrient absorption and ultimately a healthy immune status of the fish.

The role of prebiotics in pangasius productionby Dr Serge Corneillie, general manager, Alltech Japan - Email: [email protected]

Table A: The length growth of catfish fry

Treatment T1 T2 T3 T4

Initial lengtj (cm) 0.6±0.02a 0.6±0.02a 0.6±0.02a 0.6±0.02a

Final length (cm) 4.24±0.91a 4.39±0.99ab 4.99±1.22b 5.63±1.25c

Length gain (cm) 3.83±0.87a 3.97±0.90ab 4.74±1.26b 5.46±1.43c

DLG (cm/day) 0.13±0.03a 0.13±0.03a 0.16±0.04b 0.18±0.05c

SGR (%/day) 6.70±0.76a 6.81±0.66ab 7.30±0.87b 7.72±0.86c

Table 1: Culture parameters in trial ponds.

Ponds Stocking numbers Area (ha)

Stocking Density

(No/m2)

Initial average

body weight (g)

Days of culture (DOC)

T1 46,600 2 2.33 135 38

T2 25,000 0.8 3.13 80 38

T3 38,450 1.4 2.8 213 37

C1 69,752 2.2 3.1 256 30

C2 69,993 2.2 3.1 194 30

C3 76,251 2.2 3.5 201 28aActigen™ at 1kg/tonne (applied along with premix in floating feed) bAntibiotic treatment. One at start of trial 4/10/2009 + following treatments at disease outbreak. Note: As this is a field trial, we were limited in controlling some parameters such as initial weight and days of culture.


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Gut health and immunityThe gastrointestinal tract is a prominent

part of the immune system. Microorganisms are kept at bay by an

extensive immune system comprising gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

In terrestrial animals including humans, the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in affecting nutrition, health of the host and in the balancing beneficial and harmful bacteria. A ratio of 80 percent beneficial to 20 percent harmful bacteria is considered normal.

The bacteria in the water surrounding the fish are continuously ingested either with the feed or when the host is drinking, causing a natural interaction between the microbiota of the ambient environment and the gut envi-ronment. If the bacterial challenge exceeds a certain level, the health of the animal is in danger, as the animal alone cannot defend itself sufficiently.

The potential for reducing stress and enhancing immunity and disease resistance by nutritional feed additives and functional feed materials has been demonstrated in warm-blooded animals.

However, very little work in this area has been conducted in aquaculture.

Thus, the effects of nutrition and feeding strategies need to be assessed to develop economically viable feeds and feeding prac-tices to optimize growth, improve stress resistance, immune response and disease resistance and improve the product quality of aquaculture species.

However, is this really possible? The answer

is yes, through the promotion of early gut development with nucleic acids, organic trace minerals as well as ‘feeding the gut’ to maintain intestinal health.

Recent researchA recent study in Vietnam

examined how to improve the survival rate of striped catfish

(Pangasianodon hypophthal-mus) fingerlings by adding rotifers and Actigen.

The trial, conducted from June 10 to September 20, 2012, focused on three diets containing 0.04% Actigen (2nd treatment), 0.08% Actigen (3rd treatment) and 0.12% Actigen (4th treatment) and one diet without contain-ing Actigen (1st treatment) were evaluated.

Rotifers and Actigen addition had positive results in improving survival rate as well as in stimulating growth rate of catfish fingerlings. The survival rate of the fish in the fourth treat-ment improved approximately 34 percent comparing to that in the first treatment.

The more concentration of Actigen was added, the higher survival rate of fish achieved.

Therefore, the average survival rate of the catfish fingerlings increased from the first treatment (8.31%), the second treatment (9.36%), the third treatment (10.13%) and the fourth treatment (11.16%) (see figure 4.1).

The growth rate of fish also increased when increasing Actigen concentration added. The average length and weight of fish at the 30th day in 1st treatment was 4.24cm and 0.77g, 4.39cm and 0.82g for fish in 2nd treatment, 4.99cm and 0.93g for fish in 3rd treatment, 5.63cm and 1.08g for fish in 4th treatment (see figure 4.6).

In another study in India, researchers looked at the immune competence of Pangasius hypophthalmus when subjected to the prebiotic during grow-out in ponds.

This was conducted in a farm located in Losari, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The farm contained 30 ponds of which 20 suffered from higher than normal outbreaks of disease (see Table 1).

The farm was applying antibiotics (Enrofloxacin @ 15g/tonne of fish biomass) to treat disease. As disease outbreaks became more frequent, the farmer faced losses from heavy mortalities and increasing costs of treatments. Researchers selected three ponds as treatment ponds (T1, T2, T3) and three control ponds (C1, C2, C3), where the standard procedure of using antibiotics was continued.

During the three-month trial, weekly sam-pling by weighing 100 fish was carried out.

Data recorded included growth rate and fish mortality (see Table 2 and Figure 1). The diets used were a standard balanced floating feed. The treatment diet contained the prebi-otic at 1kg/tonne of feed.

Fish in the control ponds were fed the standard balanced floating feed with antibiotic treatments added at 5g/tonne of fish biomass for five days in each application.

The researchers concluded that the addi-tion of the prebiotic helped in reducing the mortalities and dependence on the antibiot-ics and also ensured better returns for the farmer. Based on the above field observations they concluded that, the use of the prebi-otic in the extruded feeds will enhance the complete utilization of feed, thereby leading to less excretion (less pollution) and higher profitability for the farmer.

ConclusionOften it has been hypothesized that fish

invest more energy in immunity than in other physiological functions.

Moreover, seasonality is thought to act as an important factor in determining the levels of fish physiology and immunological activity.

However, the inclusion of certain immune enhancers can help fish to improve their immune status and spend less energy on those defense mechanisms leading to lower inputs for treating fish.

Table 2: Summary of production parameters and inputs used

Ponds ABW (g) Initial

ABW (g) final

Biomass Increase

(g)

Feed Used (tonne)

Actigen used (kg)

Antibiotic used (g)

Mortality (number)

T1 135 470 335 28.01 28.01 - 7

T2 80 447 367 16.52 16.52 - -

T3 213 639 426 29.48 29.48 - -

C1 256 846 590 61.73 - 6.97 350

C2 194 610 416 52.41 - 6.99 500

C3 201 713 512 62.47 - 7.62 275

Figure 1. Growth performance of pangasius catfish over three months

Figure 2: Survival rate of catfish fry


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Aquakultur 90 x 270 AquaFeed magazine.indd 1 10.01.14 10:03March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 13

FEATURE

Aquaculture is intensifying in almost all regions of the world in order to supply the increasing demands for fish and shrimp.

In Thailand the average stocking den-sity has quadrupled from approximately 40 shrimps/m2 to almost 160 animals/m2.

However, this intensification is often com-

bined to sub-optimal conditions for fish and shrimps. Problems associated with higher disease susceptibility have to be faced.

Some of these stress conditions may be compensated by aquaculture production practice and/or by an increase use of pharma-ceuticals and antibiotics which in turn affect food safety.

A ban of antibiotic growth promoters in many importing countries has forced the indus-try to search for environmentally friendly alter-

natives. And a natural solution to combat stress conditions is the use of hydrolyzed proteins.

Fish protein hydrolysates (FH) are consid-ered as ‘biological active ingredients’ due to their beneficial properties to be antioxidative or antimicrobial (Klompong et al. 2007).

The use of FH in diets has proven to improve growth and performance in fish for example, Atlantic salmon (Berge and

Storebakken, 1996), catfish (Herault et al. 2012) and tiger prawns P. monodon (Anggawati et al. 1990) by enhancing stress resistance and immunity. Anggawati et al. (1990) found that three percent FH was enough to enhance shrimp growth.

The immune boosting effect of FH is reported due to it´s content of peptides,

free amino acids and nucleotides. Although these peptides can be found in FH, they are not restricted to marine proteins, only.

Poultry protein derivatives, especially hydrolyzed poultry proteins, are (as FH) rich in bioactive peptides, which are able to com-pensate stress conditions.

The benefits of poultry peptidesThe article describes the beneficial effects

of poultry peptides in respect of enhancing

stress resistance/tolerance and immunity in Pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) under controlled conditions.

Under controlled laboratory conditions hydrolyzed poultry peptides (enzymatically hydrolyzed liver (eL), enzymatically hydro-lyzed meat & bone-mush (eMB)) have been tested to see the effect on growth perform-ance in shrimp. The properties of those peptides are given in Figure 1, indicating the small molecular size distribution.

Poultry hydrolysates enhance stress resistance and stress tolerance in Pacific white shrimpby Orapint Jintasataporn Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand and Franz-Peter Rebafka, GePro Gefluegel-Protein Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Germany

Table 1: Composition of the experimental diets

Raw material Control eL eMB

Fishmeal, tuna 30 7 7

Soybean 9 34 34

Shrimp meal 15 4 4

Squid meal 5 1 1

Wheat flour 31.4 29.2 28.85

Hydrolyzed poultry liver 0 5 0

Hydrolyzed poultry meat & bone 0 0 5

Soy protein isolate 0 6 6

Tuna fish oil 3 3 3

Soya oil 2 2.75 3.1

Squid liver oil 1 1 1

Met + Lys 0 0.45 0.45

Mono-cal 1 4 4

Binder 1.7 1.7 1.7

Vitamin-mineral premix 0.9 0.9 0.9


FEATURE

The trial was conducted in June 2012 at Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, by the Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, in a complete randomised design (CRD) with three treatments and four replicates.

Shrimps were fed with isonitrogenous diets (see Table 1), including the control (50 percent marine protein) and the test diets with either five percent hydrolyzed poultry liver or with five percent hydrolyzed poultry meat & bone-mush.

Pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus van-namei) of 3.1+-0.1g were stocked at a density of 70 animals/m2 in a 240 litre glass container (aquarium) in brackish water of 12ppt. During an eight week period, feed was given three times per day to match 2-2.5 percent body weight. Two hours after feeding, the uncon-sumed feed was collected to determine total feed consumption.

Growth performance was evaluated every two weeks by collecting data on average daily gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and survival rate.

An acute salinity and chemical stress test with a high or low level of salinity and toxic concentration of nitrite (NO2-) and ammonia (NH3+) was conducted at the end of four-week feeding period.

Under salinity stress 30 shrimps per treat-ment were transferred from a tank with 12ppt water salinity to tanks of 20ppt for one week


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and then moved to with 0ppt or 40ppt saline water in separate trial for stress test.

In the chemical stress test, 30 shrimps per treatment were transferred to a tank with 20ppt salinity for one week and a toxic concentration of ammonia of 50+- 2ppm (pH7-8) and – in a separate trial – of nitrite of 20+-2ppm, respectively.

Nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the water were controlled daily to maintain the toxic concentrations. Shrimps were fed once a day. Mortality rates were recorded daily during a 10-day test phase.

Typical immunological parameters, such as hemolymp protein, total hemocyte cell count, phenol oxidase activity and percentage

of oxyhemocyanin (live cell hemocyte) were measured. Mortality were recorded daily dur-ing a 10-day test phase.

After feeding shrimp with the experimental feed for four weeks, 30 shrimp from each treatment were collected to challenge with White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and – in a separate trial – with Vibrio harveyi by subcutaneous injection. Mortality rate was determined daily for a 10-day test phase.

The study was conducted in completely randomised design (CRD). All data were ana-lysed by one-way ANOVA. The significance of differences between means was tested using Duncan´s Multiple Range Test at a 95 percent level of confidence (p<0.05).

Shrimp did betterGrowth performance of shrimp fed with

enzymatically hydrolyzed liver (eL) and meat & bone mush (eMB) tended to be better than fed with the control diet (p=0.0787); the best growth performance was achieved by feeding shrimp with hydrolyzed poultry liver (see Table 2).

Feed utilisation in term of total feed consumption, feed conversion and survival rate were not significantly different from the control feed containing 30 percent fish meal, 15 percent shrimp and five percent squid meal (see Table 1).

Shrimp fed hydrolyzed poultry meat & bone showed the best hemolymp protein

and total hemocyte cell count (p<0.05) (see Table 3 and Figures 2a/b).

Environmental factors Environmental factors, particularly salin-ity, nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonia (NH3+) and diseases (WSSV, Vibrio) affect the immunity of L. van-namei shrimps. When shrimps are main-tained under unsuitable environment over a longer period, or come under stress, the immune system is depressed and shrimps become more susceptible to disease.

The addition of hydrolysed poultry protein can promote growth perform-ance, enhance immune responses and decreased mortality in shrimp stressed by high and low salinity, poor chemi-cal water quality and diseases such as White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Vibrio harveyi.

Due to the high content of low molecular weight compounds, includ-ing nucleotides, free amino acids and bioactive peptides, hydrolyzed poultry derivatives are improving aspects of feed transformation, anti-oxidation and immunity. As a result, growth rate and health status is enhanced.


FEATURE

The activity of hemocyte cell in terms of phenol oxidase activity and percentage of oxyhemo-cyanin (live cell hemocyte), was highest (P<0.05) in shrimps fed by marine protein (fish-, squid-, shrimp-meal) (see Table 3).

Under both high (40ppt) and low salini-ty (0ppt) stress, the best immune response was shown by shrimps fed hydrolysed poultry meat and bone (see Figures 3 and 4). In low salinity the mortality (for 96

to 240 hours) was highest (p<0.05) with shrimps fed on fishmeal (the control diet) (see Figure 3).

Under high salinity mor-tality was not significant dif-

ferent among diets used (see Figure 4).Shrimps under both high nitrite (20ppm)

or ammonia (50ppm) stress test conditions showed the best immune response after being fed with hydrolysed poultry liver and hydrolyzed meat & bone, respectively (see Figures 5 and 6). The mortality rate after nitrite stress test (up to 240 hours) was highest (p<0.05) in the control group (fed with marine protein); a significant lower (10 times lower) mortality rate was

observed in shrimps fed on hydrolysed poultry protein (see Figure 5).

Ammonia stress test (up to 240 hours) was in the same range (p>0.05). All shrimp die after 96 hours (see Figure 6).

Infection with Vibrio harveyi decreased the total homocyte count while shrimps fed on a diet with hydrolyzed poultry prod-ucts were able to maintain total hemocyte count.

Interestingly, the mortality rate after Vibrio challenge (up to 240 hours) was highest in shrimps fed on marine protein (100 percent mortality) and lowest in shrimps fed with hydrolyzed poultry liver (60 percent mortality) (see Figure 7).

Table 2: Growth performance and feed utilization of white shrimp fed with hydrolyzed poultry liver (eL) and meat & bone (eMB), respectively

Control 5% eL 5% eMB P-value

Production after 8 wks (g/Aq)

230.1b ±

13.40

270.8a ± 20.64

267.4a ± 13.20 0.0089

Average daily weight gain at 8

wks (g/ind/d)

0.08a ± 0.01

0.10a ± 0.01

0.091 ± 0.01 0.0787

Total feed intake at 8 wks (g/ind/Aq

189.7a ±

20.28

222.0a ± 15.60

215.1a ± 20.14 0.1072

Daily feed intake at 8 wks (g/ind/d)

0.11a ± 0.01

0.12a ± 0.01

0.12a ± 0.01 0.5412

Feed conversion ratio at 8 wks

1.35a ± 0.10

1.25a ± 0.06

1.30a ± 0.07 0.4025

Survival rate at 8 wks (%)

87.14a ± 6.80

90.71a ± 5.89

93.57a ± 3.60 0.4659

Table 3: Immune status of white shrimp fed hydrolyzed poultry proteins (eL=hydrolyzed liver; eMB=hydrolyzed meat & bone) at normal condition

Parameter Control eL eMB p-value

Total hemolymph protien (g/dl)

4.50b ± 0.20

6.88a ± 0.62

6.61a ± 0.25 0.0001

Phenol oxidase activity (unit/min/mg protein)

169.2a ± 4.12

109.2b ± 10.66

118.8b ± 2.92 0.0001

Oxyhemocyanin (%) 22.3a ± 2.5 15.25b ±

0.7421.96a ±

4.47 0.0586

Total hemocyte count (x106 cell/ml

4.63b ± 0.41

4.91b ± 0.15

6.05a ± 0.23 0.0006


FEATURE

Extruder OEE for the Production of Fish FeedExtruder OEE for the Production of Fish Feed

AMANDUS KAHL GmbH & Co. KG, Dieselstrasse 5-9, D-21465 Reinbek / Hamburg, Phone: +49 40 727 71 0, Fax: +49 40 727 71 100, [email protected] www.akahl.de

The immune responses of shrimp after challenged with white spot syn-drome virus (WSSV) showed that the group of shrimp fed hydrolysed poultry products had better immune response than control. The mortality rate was 100 percent after 72 hours in all treatments (see Figure 8).

An important sources of protein and energy

According to the result from this study, it can be concluded that growth of shrimps, immune responses and mortality rate induced by chemical stress and disease challenge are related to the usage and uptake of hydrolysed proteins and peptides.

Generally, rendered poultry by-products are important sources of protein and energy.

The enzymatic hydrolysis is widely used to improve and enhance nutritional and func-tional properties of feedstuff. During the enzymatical hydrolyses poultry protein is con-verted into free amino acids, short peptides and small molecular proteins.

Based on their good functional properties and nutritive value, these ingredients are able to replace or complete fishmeal-based diets in fish and shrimp feed. (Aguila et al., 2007; Huong et al., 2012).

Several studies have described the anti-oxidant activity of protein hydrolysates from chicken (Wu et al., 2005; Rosa et al., 2008), tuna liver (Je et al., 2009), sardinelle by-prod-ucts (Bougatef et al., 2010), backbone of Baltic cod (Zelechowska et al., 2010) and marine skin gelatins (Alemán et al., 2011).

Furthermore, free amino acid and small molecular weight compounds released during the hydrolysis might also act as feed attract-ants for shrimps, increasing feed intake, weight gain and enhance shrimp immunity (Hardy, 1991).

When shrimp are exposed to high ammo-nia and nitrite concentration in water, the immune response is depressed and mortality is increased.

Hence, robust and healthy shrimp show a higher immunity resistance by expressing typical immune parameters, such as hemo-lymp protein, total hemocyte cell count, phenol oxidase activity and percentage of oxyhemocyanin (live cell hemocyte) than weaker ones.

Althought L. vannamei can adapt to a wide range of salinity, shrimps are more susceptible to ammonia toxicity. Shrimps under low salin-ity spend more energy to compensate their additional energy demand for regulation of the osmotic pressure (osmoregulation)(Liu Chun-Hung et al., 2004; Li et al., 2007).

The results are in accordance with previ-ous studies by Kvale et al. (2002) with pre-digested protein in Atlantic halibut and Cahu et al. (1999) describing effects of hydrolysed protein in sea bass, revealing that survival in fish can be improved by supplementing (fish) protein hydrolysates in the diet.

In conclusion, poultry hydrolysates are able to enhance stress resistance/tolerance in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under salinity change, chemical stress and disease challenge.

More inforMation:GePro Gefluegel-Protein Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KGIm Moore 149356 Diepholz Germany Website: www.ge-pro.deEmail: [email protected]


FEATURE


FEATURE

www.evonik.com/feed-additives [email protected]

AMINODat® Aqua 1.0 –Enhance your knowledge about your raw materials.

14-01-037_AZ_Int-Aquafeed-Mag_AMINO_Dat_Aqua_190x132mm_Satzsp_engl_Mar_Apr14.indd 1 29.01.14 11:36

Microalgae and aquaculture - feed and cycle managementby Thomas Wencker, Regina Storandt, Dr Peter Waldeck (all IGV Biotech), Janine Dinske (Terra Urbana GmbH), Wilfried Lehmann (Spezialfuttermittelwerk Beeskow GmbH)

The global fish consumption for human nutrition increases. The supply of enough aquatic products is still possible, because the expe-

rienced fish capture peak in the 1990s is buffered by the increasing amount of fish from hatcheries, both onshore and offshore.

Aquaculture companies need feed for growing their fish or shrimp and they have to adapt the feed composition to their fish’s demands. Naturally carnivorous fishes always need a certain amount of animal products, while omnivores and herbivores may generally be fed on vegetable basis.

Nevertheless, big amounts of fishmeal and fish oil are used to produce the aquaculture feed, as these products provide benchmarking nutrition and digestibility values. These raw materials are taken from fish and therefore pressu-rise natural resources. This is the motivation for the presented project.

Microalgae cyclesThe potentials of the smallest

of all plant cells are numerous. Microalgae have developed

photosynthesis and grow with the climate gas CO2 and with excreta nutri-ents from higher living forms. They are primary producers of the aquatic food chain and have formed very efficient metabolism pathways.

Today, microalgae are often discussed as sustainable supplier of biofuels or bulk chemicals, of human food supplement or fine chemicals. Available products from microalgae are for example pellets of dried and pressed algae biomass, which are supplied as food supplement in the internet and in organic or health food shops.

Another example for successful algae products are colorants like the blue photo-synthesis molecule Phycocyanine or the red carotenoid and antioxidant Astaxanthine. The mentioned current products gain a lot of value from their customer markets and

set the stage for more broad applications of microalgae.

However, these so-called high-value prod-ucts are mostly produced in a non-closed upstream, based on technical CO2, industrial nutrients and with pure tap water. At agri-cultural scale, the cycle production potentials of microalgae have to be applied, as this will allow the access to bulk markets through a cost reduction for the production of micro-algae biomass.

Within aquaculture, microalgae have the potential to build a closed and natural nutrient cycle, which would a more sustainable profile to a fish hatchery (see Picture 1).

The excreta nutrients must no longer

be disposed into the environment; the feed is partially produced within the hatchery itself and the dependence from capture fish decreases.

In detail, microalgae start their work with absorbing the macro nutrients nitrogen in the form of ammonia or nitrate and phos-phor in the form of phosphate. The specific uptake rate for nitrate can be calculated to be 0.31g of nitrate per gram of dry matter while approximately 0.05g of phosphate are integrated into one gram of grown microalgae biomass.

Depending on the growth phase the final algae biomass can contain up to 50 percent of lipids including valuable poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

The second algae component with the

core interest from the fish production is the protein group.

In several of the algae species the protein fraction represents more of 50 percent of the total dry weight, containing all essential amino acids for the fish. Besides these important facts, algae contain a nutritionally valuable complex of vitamins and antioxidants, which have positive influence on fish’s health and appearance.

Hence algae can contribute water purifica-tion tasks, the production of a high value feed additives and the production of proteins and fats to this natural cycle.

IGV projectsIGV Biotech has earned spe-

cial experience regarding the combination of aquaculture and algae production. First projects have been carried out in the middle 1990s, wherein the algae potential of deleting the nutrient load from the fish cycle water was proven.

The picture shows (see pic-ture 2) the installation of four 2500 litre vessels and the con-nected biofilter at the IGV head-quarter near Berlin, Germany.

The system was used to cul-tivate sturgeons, an interesting species for the relevant commercial aquaculture pro-duction. The wastewater was treated within approximately 2500 litres of photobioreac-tor volume.

The used photobioreactor was a modular construction from thin layer plastic plates, which performed very well concerning volu-metric productivity. The nutrient concentra-tion within the clear phase of the harvest process was reduce close to zero for both nitrate and phosphate and could hence be disposed without reservations.

Other projects have been done with the plate type photobioreactor by IGV Biotech, for example, the flue gas capture including the sequestration of CO2 at a lime kiln in Germany in 1997.


FEATURE

Unfortunately, the cheap plastic material was limited towards UV-resistance, thermal extension and immobilisation issues. A scal-ing up to industrial size for the continuous production of relevant amounts of algae biomass was impossible and the plastic plate photobioreactor development was stopped in the late 1990s.

Current plastic material developments have led to several approaches for low-cost photobioreactors. Manufacturers supply cer-tificates with guaranties for UV-resistance,

transmission rates and surface qualities with reduced liability of immobilisation.

But the core issue of thermal expansion is not solved yet.

Hence, the feasibility of outdoor plants with their big environmental temperature ranges is still limited with plastic materials.

In consequence, IGV Biotech has con-centrated on tubular photobioreactors from glass to have best of both growth and scaling opportunities. In 2000, the formerly biggest photobioreactor worldwide had been built

with IGV Biotech’s tubular glass photobioreac-tor technology in Klötze, Germany.

Fish oil substitution with lipid rich microalgae

The current project on the microalgae cycles with aquaculture takes the decrease of captured fish for the feed production into account.

The prominent fractions of fish feed are fishmeal and fish oil, which will be limited in the future.

More information:Website:www.igv-biotech.comTel: +49 33200 89 152 Email: [email protected]


FEATURE

instantalgae.com

In the mid-1990s, Tim Reed invented a method for growing laboratory-pure

microalgae on a commercial scale and a concentrate process that ensures

intact cell structure and therefore, the complete nutritional value of live

algae—a “sea change” for modern marine aquaculture.

The Reed family’s genius for innovation, coupled with treating his customers

as family and unmatched commitment to the aquaculture industry,

has made Reed Mariculture Inc (RMI) the world’s largest producer of

marine microalgae concentrates.

RMI’s Instant Algae®: Revolutionary AquacultureInstant Algae® products offer a wide-range of pure, nutritionally

optimized, easy-to-use marine algae concentrates that ensure

safer, highly effective, and more profitable hatchery production

of larval fish, bivalve, and shrimp.

The cleanest, most effective, and easiest-to-use feeds in aquaculture

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Aquaculture Feeds Reimagined

TOLL-FREE: 1- 877-732-3276 | VOICE: 408-377-1065 | FAX: 408-884-2322 | www.reed-mariculture.com

Reed Mariculture Inc.

Reed Mariculture, Inc. | 2013 Hatchery Ad Campaign | Theme: Ad-1 Instant Algae | Design: A | Version: 1 D A N I E L C O O K D E S I G N

Placement: International Aquafeed | Size: Half Page | Dimensions: 190mm X 132mm

Therefore, the core issue of the pre-sented project is to find a feed recipe with a reduced content of fish raw material via the replacement with microalgae biomass. As the protein content is naturally high in microalgae compared to other crops, the first screening has concentrated on algae species with a high lipid content, a suitable fatty acid composition and good growth properties under limited nutrient concentrations, which is needed for contaminant inhibition.

Within a group of the species Chlorella, Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus, the sickle-shaped green algae species Selenastrum was selected. The screening has been done in a sterile bubble column laboratory screening system type LWS 05/80 with four parallel photosynthetic columns for stable and identic environmental condition for each candidate. S. rinoi (see Picture 3) convinced with good growth rates and an average lipid concentra-tion of app. 25 percent in its dryweight.

Photobioreactor integrationIn IGV Biotech’s laboratories this special

algae species was grown to a biomass amount, which was used to inoculate a new developed photobioreactors of the type PBR 3000 GT.

Core issues of the new type of tubular photobioreactor were a mobile construction, which means that it had to fit into standard freight measures.

Second, the operation had been kept as easy as possible, as it wouldn’t be controlled by specialised staff. The result of this engineer-ing in combination with IGV Biotech’s long-term experience was a transportable system with an operational volume of approximately 3500 litres.

This is a new benchmark for mobile photobioreactors (see Picture 4). The system consists of three parallel tubular modules and a central supply and control unit. The two basic units can be connected within just one hour of work time, which means a high level of flexibility regarding maintenance and transportation.

The photobioreactor itself was installed under 100 percent outdoor conditions next to a fish hatchery south of Berlin, Germany. After the successful inoculation, the algae were grown up to a certain level, where they had to be harvested to allow semi-continuous growth.

The harvested suspension volume was directly replaced with cycle water from the fish hatchery. The algae were grown con-tinuously for 2.5 months during the optimal weather period in the end of summer 2013.

They grew well during the summer weath-er period and supressed all contaminants which occurred with the contaminated and unsterile cycle water. But this had to be sup-ported by the addition of artificial nutrients, as the nutrient load of the cycle water still was

too low for a high yield algae growth.

Future project issues will therefore be the increase of the nutrient level in the cycle water via a reduced cycle water exchange from 10 per-cent to five percent with-out harmful conditions for the fish. In future projects the concentration of the nutrients going along with a sterilisation of the cycle water shall be issued. Waste heat applications near biogas installations will be possible project spots for this approach.

Feed integration and trials

The harvested bio-mass from the PBR 3000 GT was processed in dif-ferent ways and added to special fish feed recipes under the partial replace-ment for fish oil and fishmeal. The feed was developed at the project partner SpFM GmbH, who is supplier of special feed and contributed its knowledge in feed processing to this project. The feed itself was produced in IGV’s extruders and tested with juvenile fish from the warm water species Clarias gariepi-nus by the Terra Urbana GmbH.

First preliminary results are shown in the graph.

The first group is the control group which has been fed with Clarias feed without algae.

The second group was fed with spray dried algae cells which replaced approximately nine percent of fish product; group three got freshly freezed and resuspended algae cells (approximately two percent) and group four got the same biomass replacement (approximately two percent) and additional one percent of Chitosan, which simulated a harvest with the flocculation effects of Chitosan, which may be a very cost-effective harvest method.

Is it obvious to see, that the spray dried biomass led to improved biomass growth results, while the fresh and the flocculated algae were not as good as the control feed.

The reasons for these results are variable. The drying process could have damaged

the algae cells and prepared an improved digestibility. The Chitosan could have capsuled the algae cells and may have protected them towards digestion.

But nevertheless, it could be shown with the algae species Selenastrum r., that the replacement of fish based feed ingredients with microalgae biomass is possible and that it

may have a positive effect on the productivity of closed aquaculture systems. In addition, the differences between the feed groups are within a range of ± 15 percent concerning both length and biomass growth, so that the theoretical feasibility of the feed replacement could be promised for all algae treatments.

The final economies and effects of the different feed groups will be part of the final project report in the end of 2014.

Outlook 2014Under respect of a limited number of

variants within the 2013 feed trials of 50 per group, the feeding trials will be continued in 2014 with bigger numbers of individuals to earn more reliable results and a clearer distinction between the different feeding groups.

Further on, the PBR 3000 GT will be kept in operation as continuous and as long as pos-sible to earn the maximal experience in the biomass composition which will be detected in the end of the vegetation period.

In parallel efforts the project partners will optimize the feed recipes with the aim to replace as much of the fish products as possible.

AcknowledgmentIGV Biotech thanks the Deutsche

Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU – German Federal Environmental Foundation) for the financial support for this project. Second, the project partners Terra Urbana GmbH and SpFM GmbH kindly give their knowledge for this project.


FEATURE

Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK, well known for its environmental research, has expanded its interests into commercial algal biomass pro-

duction; but it’s not the algae they are selling but the means to grow them.

After 30 years of growing microalgae for research purposes, PML is now utilising this knowledge and expertise to provide solutions to the wider community.

The first product out of the laboratory and onto the production line is a bubble column-style photobioreactor for growing microalgae.

“We designed and built half a dozen of these units as tools for our personal use on research contracts we were undertaking” says Mike Allen, Senior Scientist at PML.

“The only problem was, when we showed visitors around the lab they kept wanting to buy them off us!”

The demand for the in-house built pho-tobioreactors from visitors was difficult to ignore, and following a redesign to make the reactors look like a professional product, the commercial arm of PML - PML Applications - is now about to officially start selling their bubble column range.

Already, prior to the official launch, units have been sold to customers in Europe,

America and Western Asia working in the fields of aquaculture, academia and engineering.

Elegance of designThe newly launched range offers labora-

tory grade, vertical column photobioreac-tors capable of growing different strains of algae for research, aquaculture and education purposes with a focus on biomass quality, reli-ability and elegance of design.

Stand-alone, wall-mounted or hanging units grow microalgae under controlled agita-tion and are designed to ensure that all the user needs to do is throw in their growth media and algae of choice, plug them in and they are good to go.

To date, the bubble columns have successfully grown freshwater, brackish and saltwater strains (natural and genetically modified) including:• Nannochloropsis salina• Nannochloropsis oculata• Tetraselmis suecica• Tetraselmis chuii• Isochrysis galbana• Thalassiosira pseudonana• Phaeodactylum tricornutum• Emiliania huxleyi• Chlorella salina• Chlorella vulgaris• Chlorella sorokiniana

• Dunaliella salina• Ostreococcus tauri• Botryococcus braunii• Rhinomonas reticulate• Pavlova lutheri • Arthrospira platensis

They have all been grown to cell densities well over 107 cells per ml.

Whole culture harvesting is achieved through a tap at the bottom, while smaller volumes for quality control monitoring can be drawn off from the middle of the column.

Sizes suppliedTypical sizes supplied already include three,

six, 10 and 15 litre columns, with bespoke sizes and volumes available.

The systems are based around a robust polycarbonate tube with anodised aluminium components available in a variety of colours such as light blue, dark blue, pink, purple, green, orange, gold, black, silver and red; a feature particularly useful if you are looking to combine function with a visually striking display system which matches your company logo and colours.

Designed by algae experts for algae grow-ers of all abilities, interests and purposes the PML built bubble column photobioreactor offers a cost effective and elegant solution to your microalgae culturing needs.

Marine laboratory introduces elegant microalgal ‘bubble column’


FEATURE

Bibury Trout Farm - one of Britain’s oldest aquaculture facilities


PHOTOSHOOT

Founded originally by Arthur Servern, a dedicated naturalist, to supply the

native Brown Trout to local rivers; it has evolved over the years, latterly under

Kate Marriott’s ownership – and is now capable of producing 6 million trout

ova from its hatchery every year, the majority being Rainbow Trout more

suited to lake and reservoir habitats. Regardless of its age, established in 1902

– it is anything but ancient;

Bibury Trout Farm has successfully solidified itself as both a bustling tourist

attraction and innovative industrial fish producer. It has also been instrumental

in bringing together its local community, assisting with local business and

helping to bring even more life to an already vibrant community.

aquacultureuk

may 28-292014preview

aquacultureuk2014may 28-29

AQUA14_FFarmer_1-2_130X190_art.indd 1 25/06/2013 15:12

SUPP L EMENT

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

SUPP L EMENT

Aquaculture UK has grown from strength-to-strength since it first started in 2008. The Macdonald Resort in Aviemore is once again

hosting Aquaculture UK for the fourth time.

Aquaculture UK is undoubtedly the UK’s premier aquaculture exhibition and conference. It is a truly international event, which attracts over 1000 visitors from 27 countries, who come to see the latest products and innovations.

This year on May 28, 2014, Aquaculture UK opens its doors to over 20 new exhibitors, many of which you can preview in our “What’s New for 2014” section. With Exhibitors from over 12 countries, the reputation of the expo as an international event is growing year on year.

Aquaculture UK 2014 offers exhibitors a valuable opportunity to launch new products, meet decision makers and promote their prod-ucts and services. It is the place to do business, to network and to catch up with all the latest developments.

Whether your focus is on finfish, shellfish, fresh water or ocean through to the latest developments in recirculation, you will find Aquaculture UK includes a vast array of topics within aquaculture.

At the last exhibition, Skretting, Ewos and Biomar clubbed together and jointly participated. In 2014, they have once again chosen to have separate stands.

So if it's feed you are after or feed nutrition there are many exhibitors on hand, other exhibi-tors include, fish health, cleaning, husbandry, cages, recirculation systems, pumps, grading machines and much, much more.

This year’s event was sold out early,

prompting more space to be added. The 2014 event will be even larger with a record number of more than 100 exhibitors so far, representing manufacturers and suppliers from all over the world, who will display current developments and products in the fields of aquaculture technology, fish feed, fish health, quality assurance, training, funding, fish farmer networks, grading, equipment, storage, processing, packaging, environmental protec-tion, distribution, consultancy, insurance and much more in 2014.

Throughout the two days a comprehensive programme has been scheduled for the confer-ence rooms. The conferences will run parallel to the trade exhibition. As with 2012, the admis-sion to all these events is free.

The gala dinner on the night of the 28th has already exceeded the numbers from 2012, and with the high quality entertainment of Tam Cowan, it will be a fun night and one not to be missed.

During the first day a panel of independ-ent judges will be working through the applications for the “Young Scientist of the Year” award sponsored by Novartis. The winner, which will be announced during the gala dinner, will receive an expense paid trip to its Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, and dedicated Aquaculture Research & Development site. Whilst in Canada, the student will meet leading NAH scientists, and have the opportunity to learn about fish vaccines, novel pharmaceutical develop-ments and revolutionary new technolo-gies in fish health. A visit to the Atlantic Veterinary College at the University of Prince Edward Island, where the Novartis

Chair of Fish Health is based, is also on the itinerary.

Applications are invited from those cur-rently conducting, or having recently completed, research in aquaculture. Full details of how to apply and the conditions of entry are detailed in this article.

Day two of the conference will focus on the challenges and oppertunities facing Scottish aquaculture.

With just eight weeks to go we are informed that there are only two stand spaces left, so if you want to take advantage of this premier networking event contact the event organizer David Mack on +44 (0)1862 892188.

Have a look at the exhibitor's page and floor plan to and see who is coming in May. The Aquaculture UK 2014 exhibition and conference are open to bona fide trade visitors and those with commercial, academic or similar interests in aquaculture. Admission is free.

We look forward to welcoming you to Aquaculture UK 2014 at the magnificent Macdonald Highland Resort in Aviemore.

The dates for 2014 are May 28th and 29th. Opening times are from 10am until 6pm on the 28th and 10am until 5pm on the 29th

Registration as an exhibition visitor grants entry to all conference sessions. For visitors it’s an opportunity to catch up on the latest technol-ogy and techniques, meet old friends and make new ones in an accessible, compact and pleasant setting.

Who comes to Aquaculture UK? The visitor profile in 2012 was:-

• Visitors from 27 countries • Decision makers from fish farming opera-

tions worldwide • Decision makers from universities involved

in aqua research • Influential and senior NGO and govern-

ment agency executives involved in major aqua policy initiatives and issues.

• Specialists in providing aqua services like risk management, safety, veterinary ser-vices etc

• Journalists from all the major aquaculture trade papers and magazines

• Aquaculture students, who will be tomor-row’s managers and teachers

• But also and equally importantly, people from the industry from the hands-on level in the industry to the boardroom

The venue facilities are excellent, there will only be industry participants in the conference and exhibition complex. There are 1000 free parking spaces at the venue.

Registration is short and simple. Simply com-plete the registration form and a visitor’s badge will be prepared for you to collect on your arrival.

Go to the following link - http://www.aqua-cultureuk.com/index.php?c=visitor_reg

Aquaculture UK

As the supporting international media partner for Aquaculture UK 2014 we work closely with our partners to make a differ-

ence. Now in our 23rd year International Aquafeed & Fish Farming Technology are proud to support this growing UK event with this 16 page pull-out supplement.

With offices in South America, North America, Africa, India, China, Vietnam and our head office in Cheltenham UK, we are confident that our magazine, which is pub-lished in English, Spanish and Chinese, has a global reach second to none.

As well as Aquaculture UK, we physically attend over 40 international exhibitions, often putting ourselves at the forefront of the aquaculture conferences and at time we organize and chair them. We don’t just report the news we live the news and

work closely with our advertising partners to make sure our magazine is read by more fisheries, hatcheries and feed millers and manufactures than anyone else.

International Aquafeed & Fish farming Technology are delighted to bring you this comprehensive preview to the UK’s premier Aquaculture event, taking place in Scotland. We take promoting the industry seriously and this is our fourth year attending the event. Our stand can be found at 81, we have seven staff on hand over the two days to help with anything from editorial campaigns through to global marketing. If you miss us in the day, catch us at the evening dinner event where we have taken our own table. Be sure to find time in your calendar to attend the UK’s premier aquaculture expo. I look forward to welcoming you. INCORPORAT ING

F I SH FARM ING TECHNOLOGY

II | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

ACCOMMODATION 1 Macdonald Highlands Hotel 4 Macdonald Woodland Lodges 7 Macdonald Academy Hotel 11 Macdonald Four Seasons Hotel 12 The Aviemore Inn

CONFERENCE FACILITIES 5 Conference Centre -

Peregrine Suite, Osprey Arena Auditorium & Meeting Rooms Garten Boardroom

11 Grantown Suite 11 Four Seasons Suite

RESTAURANTS 1 Aspects Restaurant 5 Highland Food Court 9 Dalfaber Country Club 11 Four Seasons Restaurant 12 Giovanni’s

LEISURE 2 Spey Valley Leisure 3 Children’s Play Park 5 Spey Valley Cinema 6 Extensive Car Parking 8 Aviemore Railway Station 9 Spey Valley Golf Course 9 Dalfaber Golf & Country Club 10 Craigellachie Nature Reserve 13 Spey Valley Shopping

ACCOMMODATION 1 Macdonald Highlands Hotel 4 Macdonald Woodland Lodges 7 Macdonald Academy Hotel 11 Macdonald Four Seasons Hotel 12 The Aviemore Inn

CONFERENCE FACILITIES 5 Conference Centre -

Peregrine Suite, Osprey Arena Auditorium & Meeting Rooms Garten Boardroom

11 Grantown Suite 11 Four Seasons Suite

RESTAURANTS 1 Aspects Restaurant 5 Highland Food Court 9 Dalfaber Country Club 11 Four Seasons Restaurant 12 Giovanni’s

LEISURE 2 Spey Valley Leisure 3 Children’s Play Park 5 Spey Valley Cinema 6 Extensive Car Parking 8 Aviemore Railway Station 9 Spey Valley Golf Course 9 Dalfaber Golf & Country Club 10 Craigellachie Nature Reserve 13 Spey Valley Shopping

Venue

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | III

Visiting

Accommodation

Getting there is easyAquaculture UK runs a free shuttle coach service between Inverness Airport and the venue.

See the timetable for the entire duration of the event opposite.

By rail:Aviemore main line railway station is just 200 metres away from the resort with direct services from London Kings Cross, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Inverness etc.Contact: www.nationalrail.co.uk for details of all UK train operators.Visit www.thetrainline.com to book train tickets.

The Strathspey Railway operates heritage railway services on nearly 10 miles of the former Highland line from Aviemore to Broomhill. Enjoy a nostalgic train ride in restored carriages, hauled by one of the railway's steam locomotives. There are fine views of the Cairngorm Mountains and the River Spey and the chance to see much of the diverse wild-life, along the line.

For more information go to:www.strathspeyrailway.net

By air: Inverness is the nearest airport and has direct connections with most major UK cit-ies & Amsterdam . Overseas visitors can fly to Inverness via London Gatwick, London Stansted, Bristol, Manchester, Edinburgh & Glasgow.• Flight time London to Inverness

- one hour 30 minutes• Flight time London to Edinburgh

or Glasgow - one hour• For flights to Inverness

www.hial.co.uk/inverness-airport

By bus: Buses stop 200 metres away from resort. (coaches from Edinburgh: two hours 30 minutes, from Glasgow: three hours).

DriveShould you wish to drive from your UK entry airport typical times are;

2 1/2 hours from Glasgow 2 hours from Edinburgh 3 hours from Aberdeen

From the north (Inverness)Leave A9 as signposted for Aviemore (B970), turn right at T junction and follow road through Aviemore village. Turn right (2nd exit) at first roundabout into the Macdonald Aviemore Highland Resort and follow signs to Reception. From the south (Glasgow, Edinburgh and Perth)Leave A9 as signposted for Aviemore (B970), turn left at T junction and follow road into Aviemore village. Immediately after Esso garage on right, turn left into Macdonald Aviemore Highland Resort and follow signs to Reception.

The resort offers a selection of accommodation from 3 and 4 star hotels to Luxury Lodges with sufficient capacity to cater for all exhibitors and visi-tors. All accommodation is located on the resort with access to all facilities and is subject to availability at the time of booking.

Telephone 01479 815100, select option 1 and quote Aquaculture 2014or email [email protected]

Delegates should book by 7 May, 2014 to get accommodation at the discounted group rate.Rooms booked after this date are subject to availability at the prevailing rate. First night deposit is paid at time of booking. Non refundable/non transfer-able.Credit card guarantee required for the balance. Cancellations within 5 days charged in full.Non arrivals are charged in full.

PriceAll prices are per person per night 4* Highlands Hotel 3* Aviemore Inn 3* Academy HotelBed & Breakfast Single Single1 night stay £96 £842 or more nights £84 £722nd person in room B&B £30 £30 Executive Rooms £30 n/a

Deluxe Woodland Lodges (3 en-suite rooms) Room only basis, minimum 2 night stay - £336 per lodge per night.Stay 4 nights for the price of 3 (£1008).

Inverness Airport shuttle bus timetableAirport Aviemore Aviemore AirportDepart Arrive Depart Arrive

TUESDAY MAY 2717.00 17:50 18:00 18:5020:10 21:00 - -

WEDNESDAY MAY 2811:30 12:20 12:30 13:2014:00 14:50 15:00 15:5017:00 17:50 18:00 18:5020:10 21:00 21:00 21:50

TUESDAY MAY 2911:30 12:25 12:30 13:2013:50 14:35 15:00 15:50

Journey time is approximate and depends on traffic conditions. Departure times are indicative only.

IV | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | V

Aquaculture UK floor plan

Available space in yellow

Entrance


FEED

Come and meet the International Aquafeed

team at stand 81 If you are interested in booking one of the remaining stands for

Aquaculture UK please visit

www.aquacultureuk.com /index.php?c=exhibitoreg


VI | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

Exhibitors

NEW Exhibitors for 2014Check out our run down on pages VIII - XII

Exhibitor list as of 31 March 2014

International Aquafeed www.aquafeed.co.uk 81

JT Electric Ltd www.jt.fo 55

NEW! Kaycee Veterinary Products www.kaycee.co.uk A2

NEW! Kjaergaard Maskinfabrik www.kjaergaard-mf.dk 12

KJ www.kj.fo A5

Landcatch Natural Selection www.landcatch.co.uk 83

Lift Up A S www.liftup.no 73

Maskinfabrikken APOLLO A/S www.apollo.dk 16

Migdale Transport www.migdalesmolt.co.uk 50A

Mohn Aqua www.mohnaqua.com 63

Morenot A/S www.morenot.no 38

MSD Animal Health www.intervet.co.uk 75

Novartis Animal Health www.novartis.com 44

OCEA www.ocea.no A4

NEW! Ocean Tools Aqua Ltd www.otaq.co.uk 80

Orbit Aquacam A/S www.orbitgmt.no 102

NEW! othree www.othree.co.uk 15

NEW! Pentair Aquatic Ecosysytems www.aquaticeco.com 84

Pharmaq www.pharmaq.no 51

Remia Plast www.remia-plast.hr A3

Ridgeway Biologicals Ltd www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk 20

NEW! RK Plast AS www.rkplast.dk 13

RNT Tanks & Silos Ltd www.rnttanks.com 32

SAL Ltd www.salltd.co.uk 72

NEW! Salsnes-Filter SA www.salsnes-filter.com 49

Seafish www.seafish.org.uk PU2

NEW! Seafood Scotland www.seafoodscotland.org PU3

Skretting www.skretting.com 88

NEW! Steen-Hansen Aquaculture www.steen-hansen.no 19

Sterner Aquatech UK www.sterner.co.uk 51

Storvik www.storvik.no 61

NEW! Sunderland Marine Insurance www.smmi.com 62

Terecos 41

Thistle Access NDT Ltd www.thisleaccess.co.uk 6

Tom Morrow www.tm-tarpaulins.com 101

NEW! Trellborg Ridderkerk BV www.trelleborg.com A6

Tufropes PVT Ltd www.tufropes.com A8

NEW! TWI Ltd www.twi.co.uk PU1

Unst Inshore Services www.fluggaboats.co.uk 7

VAKI www.vaki.is 63

Vonin A/S www.vonin.com 56

W J Knox Ltd www.wjknox.co.uk 42

NEW Waste Spectrum www.wastespectrum.com OS7

NEW! Xelect www.Xelect.co.uk 53

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | VII

Ace Aquatec Ltd www.aceaquatec.com 30

Addfield Environmantal Systems www.addfield.co.uk OS1

AKVA Group Scotland Ltd. www.akvagroup.com 74

NEW! Alnmaritec Ltd www.alnmaritec.co.uk 86

NEW! Apollo www.apollo.dk 16

Aqua Pharma www.aquatic.as 64

Aquaculture Directory www.aquaculturedirectory.co.uk 28

Aquafine GmbH www.aquafineuv.com 49

Aquagen www.aquagen.no 38

Aqualine AS www.aqualine.no 103

Aquasearch ova Aps www.aquasearch..dk 34

Aquatec Solutions AS www.aquatec-solutions.com A1

Aquatic Hygiene Ltd www.aquatic.as 64

NEW! ASSG www.assg.org.uk 26

Badinotti SpA www.badinotti.com 70

Biomar Ltd www.biomar.com 9

BOC Ltd www.BOConline.co.uk 36

Boris Net Ltd www.borisnet.com 65

Bucanneer www.buccaneer-ltd.co.uk 8

NEW! Calitri sprl www.calitri-technology.com A7

NEW! Coastal Cages Ltd www.swannetgundry.com 71

NEW! DESMI Ltd www.desmi.com 69

Dolav Direct www.dolav-uk.co.uk 68

Don More Ltd 29

NEW! Dryden Aqua www.drydenaqua.com 77

NEW! Easirecycling Ltd www.easirecycling.co.uk 48

Egersund Group www.egersundgroup.no 90

Enterprise Europe www.enterprise-europe-scotland.com 88

Environmental Research Institute www.eri.ac.uk 76

Europharma www.europharma-uk.com 39

EWOS Ltd www.ewos.com 47

Faivre SARL www.faivre.fr 1

Ferguson Transport & Shipping www.fergusontransport.co.uk 26

Fish Farmer Magazine www.fishfarmer-magazine.com 91

Fish Farming International www.intrafish.no 37

Fish Farming Xpert www.kyst.no 67

Fish Vet Group www.fishvet.co.uk 87

NEW! Franatech GmbH www.franatech.com 3

Freedom Food www.freedomfood.org 5

Fusion Marine www.fusionmarine.com 52

Gael Force Aqua Ltd www.gaelforcegroup.com 40

Grading Systems Ltd www.gradingsystems.com 14

NEW! GSS Moorings www.gssplant.co.uk 27

Hatchery International www.hatcheryinternational.com 79

Highland Waste Services www.highlandwasteservices.co.uk 4

Highlands & Islands Enterprise www.hie.co.uk 78

Hughes Pumps Ltd www.hughes-netclean.co.uk 18

Hvalpsund Net AS www.hvalpsund.com 46

Hydrotech AB www.hydrotech.se 33

NEW! Hygiene Teknikk Ltd www.aquatic.as OS 5

NEW! Impex Agency AS www.impexagency.dk 16

Inter Aqua Dk www.interaqua.dk 66

New in 2014Lots of companies are showcasing thier products and services at Aquaculture UK for the first time this year, here is our run down of what is new at the exhibition

VIII | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

Dryden Aqua is a Scottish based marine biological company established in 1980 specialising in water quality and innova-tive treatment technology. Our unique knowledge combination and detailed understanding of the biological as well as

the physio-chemical reactions has enabled Dryden Aqua to develop a highly innovative range of product systems. As marine biologists, one of our focus areas is with aquaculture and environmental business sectors in relation to sustain-able water treatment technol-ogy. Dryden Aqua design the LSS life support systems and provide key components for public aquaria. Some of the systems provided by Dryden Aqua treat in excess of 5000 m3/hr. Our products such as AFM® active filter media, air and ceramic oxygen diffusers as well as our oxygen probes are the standard used by the fish farming industry in Europe for recirculation RAS systems and for sea cages around the world.

Our MissionThe mission and focus of Dryden

Aqua is to try and make the world a better place. We are an environmental

company specializing in water and aquatic eco-systems. We are aware of the impact of toxic chemicals (priority substances) have on public health in drinking water and on the environment

in wastewater. We have developed sustainable technology to remove some priority substances and are expanding this research to further enhance per-formance. This may actually be a solution to support marine biodiversity which will help the marine ecosys-tem remove carbon dioxide and reduce the impact on climate change. We are also aware of the health

implications of disinfection by products on children from chlorinated municipal supplies and swimming pools and the biological risk from parasites such as cryptosporidium. We are providing practical low cost solutions in Europe as well as India and Africa that are saving lives. However, we have not forgotten our roots and as Marine Biologists we provide life support systems for fish in public aquaria. If we lose the marine ecosystem the terrestrial ecosystem will collapse and civilization will be over. If the terrestrial ecosystem collapses the seas and the marine ecosystem will

actually improve.

Waste recycling is important to all companies’ targets, profits and environmental policies.

Easi Recycling focus not only on reducing your waste costs and recycling but turning your waste into revenue.

With the correct equipment installed we can achieve up to £80/tonne for Cardboard, £350/tonne for polystyrene fish trays and £250/tonne for plastic waste.

Working alongside our specialist recyclers we can also divert con-taminated plastics from landfill.

Polystyrene Fish TraysNew to our range this year is

the GreenMax range of machin-ery offering cost effective solu-tions for recycling expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste like fish trays. Polystyrene waste has been a headache in many indus-tries for years, owing to its bulky construction and costly waste removal.

In the fish industry alone there are over 10 million expanded polystyrene wholesale fresh fish boxes in the UK per year. EPS sent to landfill can cost over £100 per tonne, however once in its compressed block form it can be recycled into a prod-uct with a high re-sale value. Greenmax buy back the com-pressed block for up to £350/tonne and this is re-used to manufacture photograph frames.

The Greenmax range of machinery has been designed to process from 25kg per hour from the A-C25 model to 200kg/hour from the high output A-C200 model.

Plastic WasteSince 'Operation Green Fence' was introduced back in February

2013 to help stem the flow of contaminated, poor quality plastics entering China, correct segregation of plastic at source has never been so important. Segregating your plastic grades into smaller balers can make over £250/tonne difference to the value of your waste plastic. With an extensive range of pneumatic and hydraulic waste balers, both fully refurbished and new, Easi Recycling have a machine for every application and budget.

Cardboard Waste2013 showed a buoyant year for the value of waste cardboard.

When baling cardboard at source in one of our mill size balers we could achieve an average revenue of £80/tonne for our customers, we antici-pate similar rates in 2014.

New

WAS PremierSponsors

ConferenceSponsors

Organisers

GENERAL [email protected]

CONFERENCE [email protected]

MajorSponsor

& Host

www.was.org

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | IX

Rapid advances in molecular biology and genome sequencing are beginning to transform breeding programs, disease control, and feed development. Xelect is

a spin-out company from the University of St Andrews in Scotland that was setup to bring powerful genetic technologies within the reach of every company in the global aquaculture supply chain. The company is a pioneer in the relatively new field of marker assisted selection for broodstock improvement. Our lead product is an assay for genetic variation in two genes involved in protein turnover and muscle development which can be used to select Atlantic salmon broodstock producing offspring with 3.6% higher fillet yield relative to unselected fish, worth around £500/tonne at current prices.

The markers have been val-idated in thousands of salmon from three major producers in Europe and Chile and licenced to SalmoBreed A/S and Landcatch Natural Selection. We support our customers with a fast and efficient ser-vice to identify broodstock for breeding.

Xelect has an in house mul-ti-species research program which is developing tools for improved growth, flesh qual-ity and nutritional value with support from the Technology Strategy Board and Scottish Enterprise. The company also offers a bespoke service to breeding companies wishing to develop their own intellectual property in marker assisted selection.

In addition, Xelect provides a wide spectrum of other genetic services at competitive prices including: the development and analysis of microsatellites for paternity assignment and traceabil-ity; genomic DNA extraction and normalisation; SNP genotyping; DNA-based sex determination; ploidy determination by flow cytometry, DNA barcoding assays for identifying pathogens, parasites and invasive species, and gene expression analysis. The co-founders of the company, Professor Ian Johnston FRSE (CEO) and Dr Tom Ashton (Executive Director), will both be on the stand at Aquaculture UK 2014.

www.xelect.co.ukEnquires to [email protected]

Franatech is a company specialized in development, production and supply of underwater sensors for dissolved gases.

Our products are used world-wide by scientific and industrial customers.

Scientific applications cover ecosystems studies in the deep-sea as well as in lakes, climate research studies, study of ocean acidifications.

Our CO2 sensors are used as well by scientific institutions working on aquaculture research in the USA and Norway.

Industrial applications cover offshore oil & gas, water and waste water, hydroelectricity and of course aquaculture. Our sensors are used by fish-farms in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Scotland, Canada, USA and Chile

Franatech disposes of a fully equipped laboratory for sensor calibra-tion and tuning.

We can simulate vari-ous deployment condi-tions and dispose of an own pressure test cham-ber. Electronic laboratory and mechanical workshop complement our capacity. Most of our R&D work is done directly under client contract.

The main R&D and production work takes place in Germany, we have opened an office in Norway to better serve our main markets there; oil, gas and aquaculture.

To accommodate our growth and better serve the aquaculture market, we are currently splitting the corresponding activities in a new entity, Franatech Aquaculture.

On our booth we will showcase our CO2 sensor in different ver-sions and introduce an optode oxygen sensor.

Sunderland Marine has been providing insurance and risk management services to the global aquaculture industry since 1986. The company has steadily increased its business and now covers £1 billion of

stock and £200 million of equipment. The majority of stock insured are Atlantic salmon, but we also provide cover for other marine finfish including tuna species, freshwater salmonids and shellfish to name a few. The in-house risk management team, Aquaculture Risk Management, can give assis-tance and technical support from offices in the UK, Ireland, western Canada, Chile and Australia.

We currently offer all risks policies for stock mortality and equipment, transit cover and can also provide insurance for fish farm boats and ancillary craft.

Sunderland Marine will be present at the Aviemore show on Stand 62 with Underwriters, Account Handlers, Claims Adjusters and Risk Managers available to discuss any insurance requirements.

Kaycee Veterinary Products is a UK-based family run company that has designed,

built and supplied high quality vaccination equipment to the industry for 50 years. Kaycee is best known for its quintessential range of repeater syringe guns that are instantly recognisable.

Well-built with quality precision compo-nents, and digitally calibrated in our factory, the Kaycee syringes will give accurate and repeatable doses time and time again.

A truly ergonomic and well-balanced design allows for the highest rate of produc-tivity available on the market, whilst notice-ably reducing the risk of operator fatigue and injury from RSI.

All of the components are available as spare parts, and as such the Kaycee syringes will last for many years.

Kaycee will be showcasing their new Twin-Dose Syringe at Aquaculture UK that has been developed in response to customer demand. This syringe gun is capable of delivering two different viscosi-ties and both channels can be independently set to deliver a dose of either 0.05ml or 0.1ml.

X | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

Coastal Cages are a net com-pany base in South West Donegal. We are a fully owned

subsidiary of Swannet Gundry who is one of the strongest net firms in the world.

At Coastal Cages we have over 25 years experience in the manufac-ture and supply of a wide range of products to the aquaculture industry and fish farming industry. Our highly skilled workforce is expert in the manufacture of all types of cage nets that are used in the salmon and trout farming indus-try. With experience also in the manufacture of lake nets, bird nets, etc. We also stock a wide range of Chandlery such as chain, shackles, ropes and all items required by the modern Fish Farm.

Please come and visit us at our stand at this year’s Aquaculture show in Aviemore. Our representatives Martin Carr and Malachy Murrin would be delighted to meet you and discuss our products with you.

Coastal Cages Ltd, Ballymoon, Kilcar, Co Donegal, Ireland

IMPEX AGENCY, founded in 1965, introduced the first egg picker in the world in 1967.

The Winsorter is a high-quality sorting machine for eggs from trout and salmon.

It has subsequently been developed and improved in close coopera-tion with fish farmers and the outcome is an extremely reliable machine which fully meets a farmer’s stictest requirements.

Twenty years later we introduced the first fry coun-ter in the world and we can count all sorts of fingerlings from 0.2g up to 35g.

In 1998 we introduced the world’s first live fish pump equipped with speed adjust-ment. Our pumps can trans-port all sorts of fish from 0.2g up to 650g.

See all our products on Stand No 16.

DESMI is a global pump company, and being based in Denmark, has very strong links with the aquaculture industry, both throughout Scandinavia

and across the world. DESMI develop and manufacture pumps and pumping systems for

marine, offshore, industrial and fishing applica-tions, as well as to environmental equipment for

oil collection all over the world. DESMI's products and solutions have been well known in the maritime

environment for more than 50 years, and during the last 30 years in the field of fish farming and aquaculture. It is with

pleasure we can state that the DESMI constantly get more satisfied customers throughout the world, through our dedication to supply the correct solutions, but also for the continued support that we provide.

Choosing the right pumping technique is essential for the transport of liquids:

• Reduction in water and energy consumption• To reduce emissions from waste bi-products• Increase in water quality; which reduces disease and therefore

increases profitability• We offer pumping solutions where the environment and service-

friendly operations are an alternative to submersible pumps• DESMI pumps are surface-mounted, above the fluid level, so that

only the suction line is submerged in the liquid• The pump is, therefore, readily available at all times, and all

service can be performed without the need to raise the pump or expose themselves to health hazards

Please do not hesitate to contact DESMI with any enquiry you may have within the aquaculture industry, whether it is for water circula-tion, transport solutions or even the manufacture of feeds. We are here to help.

For further information please contact:Lee Roberts – Industry Sales ManagerWebsite: - www.desmi.com

Now in our 25th year, we are a com-pany that has built its business on con-stantly striving to make our dry suits the

best they can possibly be. Whilst, at the same time supporting our custom-ers with a team of dedicated individuals that will deliver the very best cus-tomer service from beginning to end. These two core values have been the foundation on which O'Three has built its reputation, a reputation which we are told is second to none. A dry suit made of neoprene will afford the user a greater degree of security than a dry suit made of tri-laminate or a mem-brane material. Protection, not only from the rigours and knocks of getting in and out of the water, but most importantly from winter water temperatures that will drop to single figures. A dry suit from O’Three will ensure your personnel are using a piece of PPE (CE Approved EN 14225-2:2005) that will be manoeuvrable, warm but above all dry and reliable, enabling them to concentrate on the task in hand. In return, maximising and safeguarding your investment above and below the water. If required all suits can be customized / modi-fied for a particular task or individual’s needs. Please come along to stand No 15 where we will have our complete range of neoprene dry suits on display and where we will be only too pleased to discuss any questions or requirements you may have.

New

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | XI

Plastics welding experts answer your questions at Aquaculture UK 2014TWI plastics welding trainers Andy Knight and Tony

Kraus will be available at Aquaculture 2014 to explore with companies how to improve the skill level of their workforces, and to demonstrate how proof of competency through certification can save money and increase sales.

TWI is supporting the rapidly developing and worldwide aquaculture industry by providing high quality training and approved certification in plastics welding.

Polyethylene is increas-ingly becoming the material of choice for pens, pontoons and service boats. Due to the harsh environmental con-ditions encountered by the fish-farming industry, there is a risk that fabricated plastic pens become damaged and in worst case, fail catastrophically. The most likely cause of failure will be due to poor welding and fabrication of the plastic pen. Therefore, it is essential that these pens are made and, where needed, repaired by fully trained and qualified plastics welding personnel.

TWI has been training and certificating plastics welders for over 20 years and now delivers tailor-made courses to the fish-farming industry in:• Hot gas and extrusion welding• Butt fusion and electrofusion welding.

In the last six months alone, TWI plastics welder trainers have been globe-trotting to India, Kuwait, New Caledonia, Ireland and Scotland! Although based at UK training centres in Cambridge and Teesside, TWI works with clients to develop specialised courses that can be delivered on site worldwide.

During Aquaculture 2014 Andy and Tony will be available to discuss:• Welding processes for the manufacture of fish-farming equipment• Techniques used for manufacturing robust offshore pens• Repair methods for fish-farming equipment, including work boats• Advantages of having trained and certificated welding personnel.

TWI, as a world expert in the field of plastics welding, has extensive knowledge across the whole range of plastics welding processes, and the internationally recognised CSWIP certification provides role-specific competence for people engaged in welding and inspection – especially important in the fish-farming industry.

TWI is one of the world’s foremost independent research and technology organisations, with expertise in solving problems in all aspects of manufacturing, fabrication and whole-life integrity management tech-nologies.

For more information, talk to Andy and Tony at Aquaculture 2014, or visit http://plastics-weld-training.weebly.com, e-mail Scott Andrews at [email protected] or call on +44 1223 899569.

Calitri Technology, engineer-ing company based in Belgium,

Specialised in the detection and counting for aquaculture.We design and manufacture mainly fish counters with more than

25 years’ experience. Our old fish counter C16, was distributed for over 20 years by one large French manufacturer of aquacul-ture equipment.

Now, we present our new series of fish counters: FC2 (2 channels) - FC4 (4 channels) - FC8 (8 channels) designed with new technologies.• They have, in addition to

their counting accuracy of 98 percent for the different fish sizes ranging from eight to 900gr (depending on fish counter type).

• An autotest function that informs the user about the operating status of electronic parts

• All electronic parts of these fish counters are easily and quickly replaceable by the user

• Light – robust – accurate – intelligent – Rapid MaintenanceIt replace advantageously our old fish counters C16.Please find links below which provide

videos of our new fish counters:• Fish counter FC4 (4 channels count-

ing) in functioning: http://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=FuN9zQIM9uM• Fish counter FC4 (4 channels

counting) use - maintenance: http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=Y30X9pWTX5k&feature=youtu.be

More information: www.calitri-technology.comEmail: [email protected]

Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems, Inc. (PAES) of Apopka, USA, is the largest source of aquatic products and systems worldwide. Since 1978,

PAES has offered unmatched selection, service and solutions to the aqua-culture community. PAES is your single-source partner for aquatic design, products, engineering, technological innovation, technical support and management consultation. With Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems, you’ll have a partner who understands your business and offers extraordinary solutions that no one else can match. Our extensive services and product offerings have established Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems as the global leader in all aspects of commercial aquaculture. Our team of technicians and biologists provides service, expert advice, and troubleshooting and custom design solutions to hobbyists and professionals alike. Many of the top aquatic system designers around the world have used PAES’s equipment, supplies, expert advice and technical support for a variety of aquatic industries. Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems was formed by combining Aquatic Eco-Systems Inc. and Point Four Systems Inc. into a single global operation under the guidance of Pentair Ltd, a US$8 billion company delivering industry-leading products, services, and solutions for it’s customers’ diverse needs in water and other fluids, thermal management and equipment protection. For more informa-tion, visit PentairAES.com or call +1 877 347 4788.

NOVARTIS ANIMAL HEALTH AQUA SPONSORS ‘YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD’ FOR BEST STUDENT PRESENTATION AT AQUACULTUREUK 2014

Novartis Animal Health (NAH) is to recognize the best student presentation at this year’s conference, with a

“Young Scientist Award” and an expenses paid trip to its Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, dedicated Aquaculture Research & Development site. “Novartis Animal Health Aqua has a rich history of aquaculture innovation and a demonstrated commit-ment to supporting ongoing growth of the industry,” said Matthias Hofer, Global Head of Novartis Animal Health Aqua. “To stay at the forefront of aquaculture innovation, we have significantly invested in our R&D facili-ties in Prince Edward Island, in our people around the world, and also in endeavours such as the Novartis Chair of Fish Health at the University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI) and the Sea Lice Research Centre in Bergen. We believe that encouraging young,

talented scientists is another important part of building the future of our industry.” Whilst in Canada, the student will meet leading NAHscientists, and have the oppor-tunity to learn about fish vaccines, novel pharmaceutical developments and revo-lutionary new technologies in fish health. A visit to the Atlantic Veterinary College at the University of Prince Edward Island, where the Novartis Chair of Fish Health is based, is also on the itinerary. “We are delighted to sponsor this Young Scientist Award and look forward to welcoming the winner to PEI to share knowledge and interact with our own scientists,” said Hofer. Terms and conditions of entry are as follows:

• The closing date for student applications is 10th May 2014

• The selection of those chosen to present will be conducted by the organisers and Novartis whose deci-sion will be final

• The selected pre-senters will be so informed by May 20th, 2014

• Entrants must be currently attending or have attended in the past 12 months an educational institute and be studying for a degree, or conducting university approved research, in aqua-culture or a subject involving aquaculture

• The presentation must be the presenter’s own and original work

• In the case of certified illness of the presenter a nominated substitute presenter will be allowed

• The presentation must be no longer than 30 minutes

• A précis/summary of the presentation of no more than 200 words should be submitted to the organisers with the applicant’s full name, address and contact details before 10 May, 2014

• Applicants will be provided with one night’s accommodation at the Macdonald Highland Resort or nearby in Aviemore, the organisers will book this

• Applicants should make and pay for their own travel arrangements to Aviemore for the 28th May.

• The winner will be announced at the Gala Dinner on the evening of 28th May

• All entrants selected to present will be invited to the dinner

• A panel comprising the conference Chairman, a judge nominated by Novartis and an independent judge will supply judging by a Scottish University.

• The judges’ decision will be finalNovartis Animal Health will provide: • The prize will consist of an expense paid

trip to Prince Edward Island, Canada to visit their dedicated aquaculture research site in July 2014 on dates stipulated by Novartis.

• The award only covers travel to PEI, which originates and ends in the United Kingdom

• There will be no cash alternativeContact davidmack@aquacultureuk.

com with your application for the award. Novartis Animal Health is a leader in developing new and better ways to prevent and treat diseases in pets and farm animals including fish. In 2009, Novartis Animal Health invested US$100 million US dollars into R&D leading to a US$1.2 million USD dollar expansion of the Prince Edward Island facilities, which open this summer.

For more information visit:www.novartis.co.uk

Who won in 2012?In 2012, at the Aquaculture UK event a panel of judges presided over eight excellent candidates who had come down to the final of the Novartis Young Scientist Award 2012.

The winning piece was from a bright young student completing his PhD at Stirling University on the effects of environmental signals in marine fish welfare and development.

His name was Rogelio Sierra Flores, and he won the award for his presentation on how noise can act as a stressor in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua).

It was a unanimous agreement by all the independent Judges as he gave a very clear and concise demonstration on the direct relationship between extraneous noise and a physiological stress reaction, which showed with an increase in cortisol levels in blood and it followed through to highlight a reduced rate of egg fertilization.

The prize for winning was an all expenses paid educational trip to NAH’s Aqua research & development facility in PEI, Canada, which took place in July of 2012.

Award

XII | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

Enjoy a delicious three course meal, plus cheeseboard, coffee and wine for only £40 per person

This year it will be held in the Osprey Arena. The Arena bar will open from 6.30pm. Pre dinner entertainment will be provided by the Highland Youth Ceilidh Band who were a great hit in 2012. At the dinner the Novartis Young Scientist Award will be presented. After dinner, all round entertainer Tam Cowan will be speaking.Tam is one of Scotland's favourite television and radio presenters, and is a top newspaper columnist and restaurant reviewer. From his home town of Motherwell, Tam Cowan showed early promise as a comedy writer, gaining credits from Radio 2's Week Ending show whilst still at school. He was soon appearing in print with his popular football columns in Glasgow's Evening Times. Tam caught the atten-tion of Radio Scotland and has been at the helm of their most popular show, Off the Ball, since 1994 with his acerbic wit and common touch. He was joined by co-host Stuart Cosgrove in 1995 and between them they've notched up two coveted Sony awards with their Friday and Saturday football shows.

Individual tickets cost £40. Companies can book tables for £350. Check out the seating plan below for availability. Feel free to mingle before and after dinner with the International Aquafeed team (we're at Stand 81) or meet us at our table which is clearly marked on the plan below.To book a table or for individual places please either send a cheque to the organisers (receipts will be sent) or contact David Mack ([email protected]) to be invoiced. Only a limited number of tickets will be available at the conference.As of mid March only 70 of the 300 seats remain, so hurry and book now to ensure you do not miss out on this great night!

Gala DinnerHELD IN THE OSPREY ARENA AT 7.30P.M ON 28th MAY

Come and visit us at the Gala Dinner, on table 29



FEED

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | XIII

XIV | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

What is your background in aquaculture and why did you set about organising an event such as ‘Aquaculture UK’, why select Aviemore for its location and is there a philosophical aspect to its development?

Having been in the fish processing industry since 1975 when I was approached by Skretting in 1988 to start up a UK subsidiary of Aquatess, going into aquaculture seemed a natural step.Traditional fishing and processing were declining in the UK whereas aquaculture was new, exciting and possibly (as we now know) the future. There was real feeling that we were pioneers and indeed some of the kit then was as outmoded compared to today's as covered wagons are to hybrid cars.In 2006 UK aquaculture companies had become very dissatisfied with the trade show then held in Glasgow. I was just on the point of retiring and saw an opportunity to bring the event back to it's roots and meet the wishes of the industry for a "freshening up".AquaUK's predecessor show had initially been held all over Scotland, but by 2006 there was little appetite for holding it in Glasgow, far away from where the industry operated. A quick canvass of attendees at the Glasgow show that year showed almost total unanimity for a move back to the Highlands. Aviemore, where it had been held before, is the town with the best exhibition and conference facilities and is centrally placed as a location so seemed a natural fit.On the question of philosophy there is not much; simply opportunism and the urge to have a go!

How do you see the reach of the event? Is it a Scotland/UK event only or is it fully international?

In Europe and the Americas the major species grown is salmon. The major players in the feed, equipment and growing sectors of the industry are Scandinavian and Chilean. So it is no surprise that exhibitors at the major trade events like AquaNor and AquaSur reflect that. However, they predominantly attract local ‘hands-on’ attendees, but with a very significant international presence. AquaUK is no different. Over 25 nationalities usually attend reflecting that multi-nationalism . So it is like its bigger overseas sister shows in terms of scope.

What is the theme for this year's event and why should people attend (how many people expected)? And what conferences, seminar are you planning?

This year's conference has the first day devoted to the Novartis Young Scientist Competition with a very valuable prize for the winner. The theme of the second day is: "Challenges and opportunities for Scottish Aquaculture". Presentations on that day will include ones on possible land-based systems, offshore and renewable technology and the threat from invasive species.

Is the economy recovering in terms of aquaculture? What is the future of the event? Should Scotland go independent will that impact your event in future?

Aquaculture – and ignoring one offs like the disease problems in Chile a few years back - has had an unvaryingly upward growth trend globally which has often been at variance with the economic trend in the countries of activity. In Scotland we have had several years of rapid growth even during the recession and this is reflected by the growth in the show. The current UK recovery can only help maintain that growth I believe. And, though it pains me to say this as someone bitterly opposed to Scottish independence, I doubt that it would make the slightest difference to the industry. The show's growth will follow the industries' growth irrespective of who runs the country.

Aquaculture UK’ is an event that has come of age. It is almost exclusively focused and serving the Scottish salmon farming industry but has strong links to Europe, Northern Europe specifically and Norway in particular. As Scottish salmon farming has grown so

to has this bi-anneal event. Aquaculture UK has become a meeting point for industry, allowing for the necessary exchange of ideas, developments and information that is so essential to continued growth. There is just one man behind ‘Aquaculture UK’ - he is David Mack and is familiar to us all. IAF has invited him to answer a question or two about how he initiated an event that has developed into such an important venue for the fishing industry in the UK, and what the future holds should Scotland’s claim for independence succeed.

The aquafeed interview

The aquafeed interview

David

Mack, O

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An extended version of this interview can be found on the Aquaculturists blog.

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | XV

SAVETHE DATE

September 23-25, 2014 | Beijing, China

The international Feed-to-Meat platform for mainland China

VIV China 2014


Dedicated to its continued heritage, Bibury Trout Farm proudly maintains its

conservation efforts – stocking local rivers, reservoirs and lakes throughout the

United Kingdom.

Three-fourths of its fish production, backed by local fishing syndicates, goes

towards this process; restocking rainbow and brown trout at all stages of life.

Although Bibury Trout Farm only uses one-fourth of its fish production for direct

market sales, it still produces approximately 125 tonnes of trout annually for

consumption.

See the full story of our visit to Bibury Trout farm on page 39 of this edition.

The research of probiotics for aquatic animals is increasing with the demand for environment friendly aquaculture.

Probiotics were defined as live micro-bial feed supplements that bio-control and antagonist pathogens. The most promising prospects are sketched out, but consider-able efforts of research will be necessary to develop the applications to aquaculture (Castillo, 2008).

Since, natural agriculture or organic farming is a return to working with, but not against, nature (Abdelhamid, 2002), therefore, the microbiota management tools of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics have been devel-oped and, indeed, commercialised over the few decades with the expressed purpose of increasing number of bifidobacteria and/or lactobacilli within the gastrointestinal tract (Tuohy et al., 2003).

So, a feeding experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary administra-tion of Bacillus subtilis on feed utilisation of juvenile large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea (mean initial body weight 7.82 g ± 0.68).

The results showed that dietary sup-plementation of 1.35×107 cfu g−1 B. subtilis significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the feed efficiency ratio (FER) compared with the groups without B. subtilis supplementation (Ai et al., 2011).

The present work aimed to study the effects of some commercial pre-and probiot-ics at different dietary graded levels on feed utilization by Nile tilapia fish.

Materials and methods All the experimental conditions, diets and

facilities were as mentioned in Abdelhamid et al. (2013). The 1st and 2nd additives used were the prebiotic Aqua Superzyme and the probiotic Garlen Allicin, each at 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03% of the diet. The 3rd additive used was the probiotic Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6% of the diet, besides the control without additives.

Digestibility trailsEvery morning of the last two experi-

mental weeks, feaces were collected by siphoning, separated from water, and stored at -20 °C for analysis. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of crude protein, ether extract crude fiber, ash and nitrogen free extract were determined using the direct method according to Lovell (1989) by using the following equa-tion:

ADC = 100 [(nutrient intake – nutrient in feaces) / nutrient intake]

Chemical analysis of diets and faeces:

Faeces were collected in a petery dish for each fish group. Uneaten feed and water were separated from the collected faeces, homogenised and stored in plastic bags at -20 oC for chemical analysis.

The tested diets and faeces were analyzed in triplicates. Chemical analysis of feed and faeces was carried out accord-ing to the methods described by A.O.A.C. (1990) for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and ash. Nitrogen free extract (carbo-hydrate) content was calcu-lated by subtraction the total percentages of CP, EE, CF and ash from 100.

The gross energy contents of the experimental diets and fish samples were calculated by using factors of 5.65, 9.45 and 4.2 Kcal/g of protein, lipid and carbohydrate, respective-ly (NRC, 1993).

Digestible energy content was calculated from standard physiological fuel values as 4, 4 and 9Kcal/g of protein, car-

bohydrate and lipid, respectively (Garling and Wilson, 1976).

Feed utilizationFeed conversion ration (FCR) and feed

Dietary biological additives effect on feed utilization in Nile tilapiaby Abdelhamid, A.M. Animal Production Deptartment, Facilty. of Agriculture, Al-Mansourah University, Al-Mansourah, Egypt; and M.E.A. Seden and O.A. Zenhom, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbasa, Abo-Hammad, Egypt

Table 1: Feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and nutrients utilization of Nile tilapia (O.niloticus) fed the Aqua Superzyme experimental diets

Treat FI (g) FCR FE (%) PER PPC (%) EU (%)

Cont. 61.04c 2.11a 47.41b 1.57b 26.89c 20.44a

A1 73.84a 1.76b 56.91a 1.89a 37.30a 21.22a

A2 66.79b 1.86b 53.69a 1.78a 34.43a 23.08a

A3 65.42b 1.88b 53.37a 1.77a 32.61a 21.06a

P>F 0.0002 0.0024 0.0021 0.0023 0.005 0.231

±SE 1.05 0.042 1.11 0.037 1.43 0.85

a-c: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different.

Table 2: Feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and nutrients utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Garlen Allicin experimental diets


Cont. 61.04c 2.11a 47.41b 1.57b 26.89c 20.44a

G1 80.04a 1.55c 64.46a 2.13a 43.26a 24.68a

G2 74.22b 1.80b 55.54b 1.84b 34.0b 21.45a

G3 69.87c 1.93b 51.75bc 1.71bc 32.33bc 21.12a

P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0016 0.148

±SE 0.97 0.043 1.34 0.044 1.83 1.23

a-d: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different.

Table 3: Feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and nutrients utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Diamond V (Original XPC) experimental diets


Cont. 61.04c 2.11a 47.41b 1.57b 26.89c 20.44a

XPC1 89.95b 1.59b 62.69a 2.08a 40.25a 24.55a

XPC2 99.80a 1.55b 64.54a 2.14a 42.97a 25.33a

XPC3 83.57c 1.58b 63.03a 2.09a 39.82a 25.08a

P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.034

±SE 1.31 0.033 1.02 0.034 1.183 0.74

a-d: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different.


FEATURE

efficiency percent (FE%) were calculated according to the following equations:

FCR = Feed intake (g)/Weight gain (g)FE% = (Weight gain (g)/feed intake) X 100Protein utilization:Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein

productive value (PPV%) were calculated according to the following equations:

PER = Weight gain (g) / Protein intake (g)PPV% = {( Retained protein (g))/(protein

intake (g))} X 100

Energy utilization (NRC, 1993): Gross energy retention (GER%) =

{(Energy gain (Kcal))/GE intake (kcal))} X100Digestible energy retention (DER%) =

{(Energy gain (Kcal))/DE intake (kcal))} X100Metabolizable energy retention (MER%) =

{ (Energy gain (Kcal))/ME intake (kcal))} X100

Statistical analysis:Data obtained were analyzed using one-

way analysis of variance which was performed according to SAS (2006). Differences were sub-jected to Duncan’s (1955) multible range test.

Results and discussionFeed utilization: Mean values are given in

Tables 1-3 for feed intake (FI), feed conver-sion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (FER), protein productive value (PPV) and energy utilization (EU) for Nile

tilapia fish fed the experi-mental diets which were supplemented with the tested pre-and probiotics at their different graded levels.

These Tables reflect significant (P≤0.05) dif-ferences among levels of each additive tested for all criteria tested comparing with the control, except EU of the 1st two addi-tives (Aqua Superzyme and Garlen Allicin, Tables 1 and 2, respectively).

The dietary inclusion of the tested pre- and pro-biotics led to significantly (P≤0.05) increased FI, FE, PER, PPV and EU besides improving the FCR com-paring with their controls.

The significantly (P ≤ 0.05) best results were calculated for the treatments A1, G1, and XPC2. Yet, Table 4 (comparison among additives and their levels) shows the overall significantly (P≤0.05) best treatment was 2*1, i.e. G1, Garlen Allicin at 0.01 percent of the diet.

In an indoor experiment, the prebiotic Avian Plus was evaluated by adding it at

graded levels into isonitrogenous-isocaloric-diets of tilapia fish for 112 days.

The obtained results revealed the supe-riority of the Avian Plus containing diets, particularly at level of 25mg/kg feed which led to significantly (P≤0.05) best feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein intake, protein productive value and protein effi-

Table 4: Comparison (T*L) among feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and nutrients utilization by Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed Aqua Superzyme, Garlen Allicin, and Diamond V-Original XPC experimental diets

T*L FI (g) FCR FE (%) PER PPV (%) EU (%)

Cont 61.04h 2.11a 47.41d 1.57d 26.89d 20.44c

1*1 73.84e 1.76c 56.91b 1.89b 37.30bc 21.22c

1*2 66.79fg 1.86bc 53.69bc 1.78bc 34.43c 23.08abc

1*3 65.42g 1.88bc 53.37bc 1.77bc 32.61c 21.06c

2*1 80.07d 1.55d 64.46a 2.13a 43.26a 24.68ab

2*2 74.22 1.80c 55.54b 1.84b 34.0c 21.45bc

2*3 69.87f 1.93b 51.75c 1.71c 32.33c 21.12c

3*1 89.95b 1.59d 62.69a 2.08a 40.25ab 24.55ab

3*2 99.80a 1.55d 64.54a 2.14a 42.97a 25.33a

3*3 83.57c 1.58d 63.03 2.09a 39.82ab 25.08a

P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

±SE 1.17 0.037 1.182 0.039 1.60 1.04

a-h: means in the sme column having different letters are significantly (P<0.05) different


FEATURE

Keynote SpeakersProfessor Douglas TocherProfessor of Nutrition, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, ScotlandProfessor Sachi KaushikProfessor of Nutrition, Former INRA Director Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Saint Pee sur Nivelle, FranceProfessor Ron HardyDirector, Aquaculture Research Institute & Professor, University of Idaho, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, Hagerman, Idaho, United States of America

International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and FeedingCairns Convention Centre, Queensland, Australia25–30 May 2014

We look forward to seeing you in Cairns on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef!

Australia is proud to be hosting the 16th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding (ISFNF XVI), the premier international forum for researchers, academics and industry concerned with the nutrition and feeding of aquatic animals.This biennial event will see several hundred attendees from around the world meet for five days between 25– 30 May 2014.

REGISTRATION NOW OPEN

www.isfnf2014.org

For more information visit the symposium website www.isfnf2014.org or contact the symposium managers:C/- MCI AustraliaP: +61 7 3858 5543F: +61 7 3858 [email protected]

Key themes that will be explored at the upcoming symposium will include: • Nutritional requirements• Nutritional physiology• Practical nutrition• Raw materials

ciency ratio comparing with the control (Abdelhamid et al., 2011).

Amer (2012) concluded that Diamond V XP (inactive yeast a commercial product contain-ing 100% dried Saccharomyces Cerevisae) could be used success-fully as feed additive for feeding Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus without any adverse effects on their feed utilization.

Also, results obtained showed that using Diamond V XP at level (1.5g) had the best results on feed utilisation with levels of protein (30%).

Moreover, it could be sug-gested that dietary supplement with Diamond V XP (1.5g) is useful in the intensive production system of fish.

Hassan (2013) and Khalil et al. (2013) obtained results con-cerning the effects of the probi-otic Hydroyeast Aquaculture® on adult male O. niloticus showed that the 15g/kg diet realised best significantly (P≤0.05) values for feed and nutrients utilisation. So, based on the obtained results, the optimum level of the tested pro-biotic Hydroyeast Aquaculture® was depinding on fish sex.

Apparent digestibility: The digestibility coefficients for differ-ent dietary organic nutrients were calculated at the end of the exper-imental period and given in Tables 5, 6 and 7 for the three perarations used (Aqua Superzyme, Garlen Allicin, and Diamond V-Original XPC, respectively).

The ADC percentages were increased significantly (P≤0.05) by the dietary inclusion of these tested additives comparing with the controls (without the tested additives).

However, the significantly (P≤0.05) best level within each treatment was A1, G1, and XPC2, respectively. The CF followed by EE were more positively affected than the other nutrients digest-ibility. The comparison (Table 8) among additives and their levels on ADC clears that the signifi-cantly (P≤0.05) best treatment and level was 1*1, i.e. Aqua Superzyme at 0.01% of the diet for ADC of all nutrients, compar-ing with the other additives and levels.

Lara-Flores et al. (2003) evalu-

ated the effects of probiotics on growth performance in Nile tilapia.

The probiotics used based either upon Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results indicated that the fry fed diets with a probiotics supplement exhibited greater growth than those led the control diet with-out probiotic.

Of all probiotic treatments, yeast was an appropriate growth stimulating additive in tilapia cultivation. The authors stated that the increased growth rate as a positive response to added probiotics could be attributed to increased efficiency of existing digestive proc-esses or by promoting the digestion of pre-viously indigestible substances. In addition, probiotics may have a protein sparing effect.

Energy retention: Data of the energy retention (GER, gross energ retention; DER, digestible energy retention; and MER, metabo-lizable energy retention) by the tested fish fed the experimented material are given in Tables 9, 10, and 11, respectively.

All forms of energy utilization were increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by die-tary inclusion of the tested agents. A2, G1, and XPC2 were the best (in an ascending order) among their corresponding levels. The comparison among treatments (Table 12) revealed that best energy retention was real-ized by the treatment of XPC2.

Magouz et al. (2002) concluded that add-ing Lacto-Sacc at 4 g/kg diet of O. niloticus was the optimum for producing the best feed and protein utilization.

Also, El-Ebiary and Zaki (2003) showed that feed and nutrients utilization was improved with increasing the level of active yeast up to 3g/kg of the diet.

Since using pre-and probiotics improve the gut health (Tuohy et al., 2003). However, pro-nutrients can benefit animal health and performance through improving availability or utilization of nutrients in a variety of ways (Staykov et al., 2005).

Therefore, El-Haroun et al. (2006) report-ed significantly (P≤0.01) enhancement in nutri-ents utilization (protein efficiency ratio, protei productive value, and energy retention) by Nile tilapia fed diets included Biogen® than the control.

Moreover, Yanbo and Zirong (2006) and Suzer et al. (2008) showed that probiot-ics highly increased the digestive enzyme activities and decreased feed conversion ratio. Additionally, El-Haroun (2007) found that Biogen® improved the feed conversion by African catfish comparing with the control. Feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio were improved too by using Biogen® in Nile tilapia diets (Mohamed et al., 2007). Bio-Mos in diets of carp, rainbow trout and European catfish decreased the feed conversion ratio (Barbu et al., 2008).

Table 7: Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC%) of nutrients the diets supplemented with the probiotic (Diamond V-Original XPC)

Treat DM CP EE CF NFE

Control 85.53c 96.52c 76.09d 68.60d 81.35c

XPC1 93.04a 97.95a 86.75b 87.28b 91.76a

XPC2 93.85a 98.41a 88.98a 92.49a 92.33a

XPC3 91.60b 97.24b 82.53c 83.05c 90.57b

P>F 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

±SE 0.27 0.16 0.46 0.63 0.36

a-d: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different

Table 6: Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC%) of nutrients the diets supplemented with the probiotic (Garlen Allicin)


Control 85.53b 96.52b 76.09b 68.60b 81.35c

G1 91.68a 97.43a 84.81a 85.94a 89.94ab

G2 90.12a 96.66ab 81.05a 81.66a 88.48b

G3 91.83a 96.91ab 83.11a 83.64a 91.01a

P>F 0.0001 0.122 0.0042 0.0001 0.0001

±SE 0.546 0.246 1.187 1.1471 0.686

a-c: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different

Table 5: Apparent diestibility coefficient (ADC%) of nutrients the diets supplemented with the prebiotic (Aqua Superzyme)


Control 85.53c 96.52c 76.09c 68.60d 81.35c

A1 94.29a 98.14a 89.67a 92.65a 92.67a

A2 92.09b 97.36b 85.30b 87.81b 90.56b

A3 92.11b 97.19b 85.68b 83.33c 91.27b

P>F 0.0001 0.002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

±SE 0.29 0.18 0.78 0.69 0.32

a-d: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different

Table 8: Comparison (T*L) among apparent diestibility coefficient (ADC%) of nutrients of the diets supplemented with Aqua Superzyme, Garlen Allicin, and Diamond -VOriginal XPC.

T*L DM CP EE CF NFE

Control 85.53e 96.52e 76.09g 68.60e 81.35e

1*1 94.29a 98.14a 89.67a 92.65a 92.67a

1*2 92.09bc 97.36c 85.30cde 87.81d 90.56bc

1*3 92.11bc 97.19cd 85.68cd 83.33cd 91.27abc

2*1 91.68bc 97.43bc 84.81cde 85.94bc 89.94cd

2*2 90.12d 96.66de 81.05f 81.56d 88.48

2*3 91.83bc 96.91cde 83.11def 83.64ed 91.01abc

3*1 93.04ab 97.95ab 86.75bc 87.28b 91.76ab

3*2 93.85a 98.41a 88.98ab 92.49a 92.33a

3*3 91.60c 97.42cd 82.53ef 83.05cd 90.57bc

P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

±SE 0.430 0.182 0.941 1.041 0.532

a-g: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different


FEATURE

References Abdelhamid, A.M. (2002). Organic

Farming. Proc. 2nd Conf. on Food borne Contamination and Egyptian’s Health, April 23 - 24, Mansoura Fac. Agric., pp: 69 – 77.

Abdelhamid, A.M.; M.E. A.Seden and O.A.Zenhom (2013). Effect of different sources and levels of some dietary biological additives on: I- growth performance and pro-duction economy of nile tilapia fish. J. Animal and Poultry Production, Mansoura University, 4: 615-634.

Abdelhamid, A. M.; Soliman, A. A. A. and Maghraby, N. A. (2011). Evaluation of using the prebiotic avian plus in tilapia fish diet. Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeding, 14 (3): 537-546.

Ai, Q.; Xu, H., Mai, K., Xu, W., Wang, J. and Zhang, W. (2011). Effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and fruc-tooligosaccharide on growth performance, survival, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of juvenile large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Aquaculture, 317: 155–161.

Amer, A.A.A.M. (2012). Effect of different levels of protein and probiotics on productive performance of fresh water fishes. M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ.

A.O.A.C. (1990): "Association of China! Agricultural Chemists" Official methods of

analysis. 15th Ed.. Published by the A.O.A.C.. Beatnin Franklin Station, Washington. D.C.

Barbu, A.; Sara, A., Alina, A. And Bentea, M. (2008). The effect of some fodder additives on production of different fish species. Buletin USAMV-CN, 65 (1-2): 1-9.

Castillo, M. (2008). Blocking pathogens with Bacillus strains. Feed-Mix, 16 (5): 19.

Duncan, D. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.

El-Ebiary, E.H. and Zaki, M.A. (2003). Effect of supplementing active yeast to the diets on growth performance, nutrient utilization, whole body composition and blood con-stituents of monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. & Fish., 7(1): 127–139.

EL-Haroun, E.R. (2007). Improved growth rate and feed utilization in farmed African cat-fish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) thought a growth promoter Biogen® supplementation. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2: 319-327.

EL-Haroun, E.R., Goda, A. MA-S and Kabir Chowdhury, M.A. (2006). Effect of dietary pro-biotic Biogen® supplementation as a growth promoter on growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture Research, 37: 1473-1480.

Garling, D. L. and Wilson, R. P.(1976). Optimum dietary protein to energy ratio for Channel catfish fingerlings, Ictalurus punctatus.

Table 9: Energy utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Aqua Superzyme experimental diets

Treat. GER % DER % MER %

Cont. 12.56b 15.01b 23.47b

A1 15.53a 18.37a 28.49a

A2 15.64a 18.52a 28.58a

A3 13.88ab 16.41ab 25.23ab

P>F 0.0286 0.0301 0.0500

±SE 0.631 0.749 1.25

a-b: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different

Table 10: Energy utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Garlen Allicin experimental diets


Cont. 12.56c 15.01c 23.47c

G1 19.65a 23.27a 35.66a

G2 15.95b 18.85b 29.17b

G3 14.26bc 16.86bc 25.74bc

P>F 0.005 0.0005 0.0008

±SE 0.677 0.809 1.29



FEATURE

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How do you stay ahead in a sea of change?Newly farmed aquatic species, changing raw material availabilities, and even controversial ecological issues have created serious needs for advancements in aquafeed processing. As a long-time leader in extru-sion, Wenger is addressing these and other challenges with ground-breaking approaches. Consider these recent Wenger innovations: Oblique Tube Die and Diverging Cone Screw result in small diameter feeds at rates three to five times those of previous technology; Thermal Twin Screw Extruder permits high percentages of fish slurry, oil and high moisture ingredients; HIP preconditioner, with adjustable mixing intensity, addresses recipe challenges - especially those with varying content of starch, fiber and oils. And the list goes on.

Contact us now. With new concepts and fresh initiatives, we’re ready to help you meet the ever-evolving requirements of the aquatic feed industry.

What will tomorrow bring

Turning ideas into opportunities.Progressive aQuafeeD ProCessing

Wenger14_AQ_210x147.indd 1 2/18/14 9:57 AM

Journal of Nutrition., (106) : 1368-1375.

Hassan, M.E.M. (2013). Physiological Studies on Fish Production. M.Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Al-Mansoura Univ.

Khalil, F.F.; Mehrim, A.I. and Hassan, M.E.M. (2013). Effect of Hydroyeast

Aquaculture as growth promoter for adult Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Engormix.com, 10 p.

Lara-Flores, M., Olvera-Novoa, M.A., Guzmán-Méndez, B.E. and López-Madrid, W. (2003). Use of the bacteria Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as growth promoters in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 216: 193–201.

Lovell, R.T. (1989). Fish culture in United States. Science, 206: 1386 - 1392.

Magouz, F.I., Mohsen, M.K. and Gooda, A.H. (2002). Effect of including some biological feed additives in the diet on growth performance and feed efficiency of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilo-ticus). Proc. 2nd Conf. Foodborne Contamination and Egyptians’ Health, April 23 – 24, El-Mansoura Univ., pp: 329 – 339.

Mohamed, K.A., Abdel Fattah, B. and Eid, A.M.S. (2007). Evaluation of using some feed additives on growth perform-ance and feed utilization of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Agricultural Research Journal, Suez Canal University, 7: 49-54.

NRC (National Research Council) (1993). Nutrient require-ments of fish. Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture. National Academy Press, Washington DC., USA. 114pp.

SAS (2006). SAS statistical guide for personal computer, SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC.

Staykov, Y., Spring, P. and Denev, S. (2005). Influence of die-tary Bio-Mos® on growth, survival and immune status of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri irideus G.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Nutrional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries: Proceedings of Alltech's 21th Annual Symposium, Nottingham University Predd, UK, pp: 333-343.

Suzer, C.; Coban, D., Kamaci, H.O., Saka, S., Firat, K., Otgucuoglu, Ö. and Küçüksari, H. (2008). Lactobacillus spp. Bacteria as probiotics in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) larvae: Effects on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 280: 140-145.

Table 11: Energy utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Diamond V (Original XPC) experimental diets


Cont. 12.56c 15.01c 23.47c

G1 21.41b 25.39b 37.68b

G2 24.76a 29.42a 45.01a

G3 20.38b 24.17b 36.83b

P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

±SE 0.689 0.816 1.069



FEATURE

Tuohy, K. M., Probert, H. M., Smejkal, C. W. and Gibson, G. R. (2003). Using probiotics and prebiotics to improve gut health. DDD, 8: 692 – 700 (www.drugdis-coverytoday.com).

Yanbo, W. and Zirong, X. (2006). Effect of pro-biotics for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities.Animal Feed Science and Technology, 127: 283-292

Table 12: Comparison among energy utilization by Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Aqua Superzyme, Garlen Allicin, and Diamond V-Original XPC experimental diets


Cont. 12.56d 15.01d 23.47e

1*1 12.65d 15.01d 23.47e

1*2 15.53c 18.37c 28.49cd

1*3 13.88cd 16.41cd 25.23de

2*1 19.65b 23.27b 35.66b

2*2 15.95c 18.85c 29.17c

2*3 14.26 16.86cd 25.74cde

3*1 21.41b 25.39b 37.68b

3*2 24.76a 29.42a 45.01a

3*3 20.38b 24.17b 36.38b

P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

±SE 0.687 0.812 1.191

a-e: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different

SummaryThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary graded levels of Aqua Superzyme, Garlen Allicin and Diamond V (Original XPC) on feed utilisation by Nile tilapia fish for 16 weeks. Dietary inclu-sion of the tested pre-and probiotics improved significantly (P≤0.05) all criteria measured including feed utilisation parameters, digestibility and energy retention. The significantly (P≤0.05) best results of feed utilisation were calculated for the treatments Aqua Superzyme at 0.01%, Garlen Allicin at 0.01%, and Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.5% of the diet. Yet, the comparison among additives and their levels shows that the overall significantly (P ≤ 0.05) best treatment was Garlen Allicin at 0.01% of the diet. Concerning the digestibility, the significantly (P ≤ 0.05) best level within each treatment was also Aqua Superzyme at 0.01%, Garlen Allicin at 0.01% and Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.5% of the diet, respectively.

The CF followed by EE were more positively affected than the other nutrients digestibility. The comparison among additives and their levels on ADC clears that the significantly (P ≤ 0.05) best treatment and level was Aqua Superzyme at 0.01% of the diet for ADC of all nutrients, comparing with the other additives and levels. Aqua Superzyme at 0.02%, Garlen Allicin at 0.01% and Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.5% of the diet, respectively were the best in energy retention (in an ascending order) among their corresponding levels. The comparison among treatments revealed that best energy retention was realised by the treatment of Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.5% of the diet.

Generally, it is recommended to add Garlen Allicin at 0.01% of the tilapia diet to improve its feed and nutrients utilisation.

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FEATURE

Aquaculture has a long history in Egypt, and been practiced in the Nile Valley for human consump-tion since 2500 BC.

In modern history, commercial aquaculture started in the mid-1950s of the last century, with the construction of a tilapia farm in 1957.

Since then, aquaculture industry has been growing at a steady rate until late 1990s. Afterwards, the industry witnessed an out-standing growth and substantial development.

As a result, aquaculture production increased from only 139,389 tonnes in 1998 to over one million tonnes in 2012. While the production of capture fisheries remained almost stable at about 300,000 to 400,000 tonnes during the same period.

It is no surprise, therefore, that current aquaculture production contributes about 75 percent to total fish production in Egypt.

Sixteen fish groups (seven freshwater and nine marine/brackishwater species) and one crustacean species (shrimp), belonging to 12 families, are currently cultured in Egypt.

However, only three fish groups (tilapia, carps and mullets) represent 95 percent of total aquaculture production.

Moreover, Nile tilapia alone contributes over 62 percent percent to production quota.

Earthen-pond rearingTraditionally, semi-intensive culture in

earthen ponds has been, and still is being by far, the most important farming system in Egypt; contributing about 75 percent to total aquaculture production, followed by fish farming in floating cages culture (20 percent).

Pond fertilization and supplemental feeds are the major nutrient inputs in this system.

However, there has been a gradual shift

from semi-intensive, low input system to toward more intensive systems which increas-es the demand for processed feed and fish seeds. As a result, the fish feed industry in Egypt has gone parallel to the production approach.

Commercial fish feed industryCommercial aquaculture feed manufactur-

ing in Egypt started in the early 1990s by the General Authority for Fisheries Resources Development (GAFRD), with two medium-scale fish feedmills.

By 2000, there were only five governmen-tal mills producing about 20,000 tonnes of pressed fish feed per year. During the past decade, the sector has witnessed an outstand-ing expansion, with a significant engagement of the private sector.

Recent surveys indicated that there are nine state-owned fish feedmills and over 50 registered private feedmills distributed throughout the country, particularly in the areas of, or close to, the aquaculture produc-tion.

Nonetheless, no accurate official data is available on the current fish feed production. However, the current production has been estimated at about 900,000-1,000,000 tonnes per year.

The production cycle is about six-to-eight months (April/May-September/October). About 80 percent of this production is in the form of compressed feed while the remaining 20 percent are extruded feeds.

Compressed feeds are generally cheaper than extruded feeds but they are of lower quality. The average feed conversion ratio (FCR) of compressed feed is two compared to an FCR of 1:1.5 of extruded feeds.

About 95 percent of the produced feeds contain 25 percent crude protein (CP), while

the remaining five percent contain 30, 32 and 35 percent CP and are generally produced upon the farmer’s request.

In addition, few tonnes of feed containing less than 40 percent CP are also produced for larval feeding or marine fish feeding.

About 90 percent of fish feeds consumed in Egypt are produced by the private sector, while only 10 percent is produced by state-owned holding companies which own nine mills producing both animal feeds and fish feeds.

These manufacturing plants produce both pelleted and extruded pellets for vari-ous marine and freshwater fish species. The production capacities of these mills range from 5000-30,000 metric tonnes per year, with an average of about 15,000 tonnes per mill.

There are also more than 200 small-scale pelleting units, each with an annual production capacity of 1000 – 4000 tonnes of fish feeds.

These milling units are generally locally made, and use simple technologies and gen-erally are not equipped with air driers. The majority of these pelleting units are not registered, and therefore, their production is generally not recorded or reported.

They also offer the service of pelleting farmers’ feed ingredients.

In these cases, fish farmers buy their own ingredients, prepare their feed formulae and just rent the feedmill to manufacture the feed. This approach leads to 10-15 percent reduc-tion in feed costs for those farmers.

Between 50 and 99 percent of feed ingre-dients that are used in aquafeed production in Egypt are imported.

Egypt is the world’s largest cereal importer, second only to Japan, at over 18 million tonnes in 2012. The country also imports 99 percent of soybean cake and 97 percent of

Fish feed industry in Egypt: constraints and solutions

by Professor Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed, Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt


FEATURE

soybean seeds, which are the major protein source for in fish feeds.

The unit price of feed ingredients have also been sharply increasing during the past few years.

As a result, the prices of processed fish feeds have skyrocketed during the same period. The fish feed industry in Egypt faces several other challenges and constraints. These are summarized below.

ConstraintsThe following constraints have been identi-

fied as major threats to the development of the aquafeed industry in Egypt.

• The dependence of the sector on the importation of feed inputs and continuous increase of their prices. Consequently, the prices of processed fish feeds have been skyrocketing during the past few years, and are expected to increase much further

• The rapid growth of aquaculture is expected to create competition for raw materials between the aquafeed and the animal feed industries, which may further influence the price of feeds

• The use of old, compressed feeds technology. Compressed feeds lead to substantial feed waste due to the poor feed conversion ratio (FCR)

• All feedmills work for six-to-seven

months per year; while permanent employees get their salaries for the whole year. This reduces the profit margins of mill owners and forces them to reduce permanent employment

• Many fish feedmills lack the basic quality control standards, with regards to feed qual-ity, composition, processing, storage, handling and transportation due to the absence of governmental monitoring and inspection

• Many fish farmers lack the accessibility to credit and financial support. As a result, they purchase the feeds from producers or traders on credit for higher prices, and sometimes they receive poor quality feed

RecommendationReducing feed costs, increasing feed quality

and encouraging best feed and feeding man-agement practice require special attention, due to the critical role that feed cost and qual-ity plays in supporting the overall performance of aquafeed sector.

This goal can be achieved through:• Custom tariffs on imported feed ingre-

dients must be reviewed to reduce the price of finished feeds

• Aquafeed mills should be routinely monitored and inspected to assure that production procedures, feed composi-tion, packaging, handling, transportation, storage and hygiene comply with the

international quality control standards• Capacity building programmes for improv-

ing the skills of feed manufacturers and fish farmers should be created and sustained

• A thorough survey of the available conventional and unconventional feed resources in the Egypt should be undertaken. An evaluation to establish their availability, accessibility, chemical composition, price and nutritional value for farmed fish should be conducted

• Extension services should be instituted by the relevant authorities (especially the General Authority for Fisheries Resources Development) to improve feed and feeding management

• The government must undertake periodic reviews of the animal feed legislations to ensure coherency and to reduce/eliminate any overlapping, redundant and conflicting regulations

• Improving the capacity and technol-ogy of existing feedmills. As mentioned earlier, 80 percent of produced feed is in the form of compressed pellets.

Finally, the use of compressed-type feeds leads to significant feed waste.

Replacing existing compressors, at least partially, with modern extruder lines, or add-ing extruding production lines into current aqua feedmills should be given considerable attention in the development plans.


FEATURE

A/S

In the many world regions, many com-panies still rely heavily on bags and less on bulk for the receiving of ingredients. In either case it is common to see

numerous trucks lined up either inside or outside the mill waiting to unload. This creates a number of challenges in terms of maintaining control of trucks and personnel while on site and ensuring the correct quantity and type of product are unloaded.

Manual systems that rely on paperwork are prone to human error.

To counter this, automation systems, such as the ones developed by Agentis Innovations, can replace the paperwork and ensure the movement of trucks and ingredients to the correct location for discharge as well as pro-vide for accurate stock inventory and provide traceability.

Raw material unloadingControl of the unloading of raw materials

is important to avoid errors and waste. For bulk or liquid container intakes errors

can result in expensive losses due to incorrect manual silo selection or failure to recognise a silo is full. This represents both financial loss as well as nutritional loss due to mixing of different types of ingredients. Programmable Logic Control Units (PLC) in conjunction with adequate and appropriate instrumentation and software can eliminate this type of error through automatic route control and high level silo indicators to show when silos are full.

Technology also provides sophisticated bag counters on the unloading conveyors which provide accurate real time stock inven-tory.

Bag unloading can be insecure or inaccu-rate in terms of ensuring the correct number of bags are unloaded at the correct point. Technology now provides sophisticated bag counters on the unloading conveyors which are difficult to de-fraud and again provide real time stock inventory.

Grain silos and dryingOften the quantity of grains is discharged

into and out of the silos is not known accu-rately due to the lack of a weigh scale hopper or in-flight conveyor weighing systems result-ing in inaccurate stock reconciliation when transferred to the mill.

The most common causes of loss are either wastage due to poor silo management or losses resulting from moisture shrinkage. It is not uncommon to hear of significant vol-umes of grains being disposed of because they are unfit for purpose when emptying the silos.

The other risk is the deterioration due to mycotoxin/bacterial contamination that often occurs due to long-term storage and which can result in significant nutritional losses.

New sensor technology, pioneered by Agentis Innovations for example, is being deployed to provide real-time control systems as grain either enters or leaves the storage silos and are transferred into the feedmill, thereby providing valuable information to assess the total moisture loss from intake through to the mill storage phase.

This will allow the operators to make adjust-ments based on the real moisture content of the formulated mixture or additional moisture addition, at the mixer or conditioning phase.

GrindingLosses occur at this process step due to

the physical effect of grinding and subsequent moisture loss.

This loss can be greater in ‘aquamills’ than in commercial feedmills due to the fact in many aquafeed mills there is particularly fine grinding to produce the specific particle size required in fish feeds. Automating the control of the grinders is one method to optimise throughput and reduce energy costs as well as reduce the moisture loss associated with grinding.

Batch controlThe weigh scale batching system is often

associated with losses due to excessive toler-ances and lack of in-flight material control.

Clearly, these losses are significant when you consider micro-scale weighers and the value of the products that are being weighed.

Modern appropriately sized, multiple, batch-weigh scales and digital PLC controls should provide accuracies of 0.5 percent or less.

Another fast developing application is using the moisture sensor technology to calculate the water adjustments required at the mixer to offset low dry matter ingredients.

Hand additions and premix additions

The losses that can occur at this stage are significant because of a) The impact of putting the wrong addi-

tive into the wrong feed type or b) The impact of under or over dosing

The most effective method to reduce the risk of errors is to automate the process using either bar coding or weigh stations or a combination of both. This has the advantage of providing complete traceability which can also limit recall losses if an error does occur.

MixingOne of the unique features of aquafeed

plants is the necessity to mix a large number of liquid products as well as dry ingredients.

It is common for there to be a mixing stage for post ground materials and a further mixer for addition of the finer ground ingredients plus the various liquid products and oils.

Mixing often represents a bottle neck in terms of production, therefore it is important to optimise the scheduling and production planning to ensure optimal throughput.

This can be achieved most effectively through PLC control which can be pro-grammed to control the correct sequence of products to provide constant supply to the pelleting bins.

Extruding, pelleting, conditioning and crumbling

Whether producing shrimp feeds or fish feeds, extruding or conditioning-and-pelleting represent two of the more challenging areas in terms of energy, blockage downtime and reprocessed feeds.

The major limiting factors are manual con-trol and poor steam management.

In a recent paper that appeared in the September-October 2013 issue of our sister publication, Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine, we highlighted the challenges facing feedmills in terms of direct losses associated with moisture and product waste, and the new technologies that provide direct solutions to these problems. Our attention now turns to aqua feedmills, where although the process flow is similar there are unique differences, particularly relating to physical quality parameters and the impact of drying product that make the utilisation of these new technologies even more exciting.

The holistic approach to automation and moisture control technology in aquafeed millsby Yannis Christodoulou, President, Agentis Innovations, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand


FEATURE

Automation can reduce the power con-sumption up to 40 percent as well as improve the productive life of pellet dies and rolls and prevent blockage and cleanout times.

Automation removes the manual variability that leads to sub optimal steam conditioning and power settings resulting in variable pellet quality, which in turn results in higher level of returns from the sieves. This is particularly important when producing crumbs because in some feedmills sieve return levels of 30 per-cent are not uncommon, which is extremely wasteful as well as resulting in feed being over-processed.

Automation control therefore results in a significantly lower level of returns, reduced down time and efficient feed scheduling

DryingA feature that distinguishes aquafeed pro-

duction is the drying process required to achieve the required moisture content to optimise the physical quality of the pellets or crumbles.

This stage of the process however also represents a step that lacks real time control and inevitably leads to over or under drying against target moisture levels.

The new moisture sensor technology referred to earlier offers a unique opportunity to automate the control of the moisture con-tent before discharge from the drier.

The payback from knowing the precise moisture before discharge to the coolers is a significant development for the aquafeed industry and one that can yield a significant return on investment.

CoolingThere are two losses associated with the

cooling process. One is the dust and fines that can be lost

from the air ducting due to incorrect set up and fan speeds, and the second is the losses associated with moisture migration.

New technology to reduce moisture loss during the cooling process is now avail-able to the industry – and through Agentis Innovations.

This technology is specifically developed to provide vital information to a PLC in order to perform real-time control of a number of parameters that influence moisture loss.

Similar to the drier stage, the returns in terms of target nutrient content and avoid-ance of moisture loss yield significant returns.

SievingPoor pellet quality leads to increase in fines

and dust for rework which incurs losses. Aquafeed in particular requires various

stages of sieving that inevitably lead to more returns. The ‘throughs’ of the sieves, at all set-tings, should where-ever possible, be routed back to the pelleting process for immediate

re-processing without the need for any inter-mediate storage or manual handling.

Mills that have particularly long conveyor or elevator handling systems, or fall from the highest point (usually distributor head) also result in more damage to pellets (or segregation of coarse and fine material in mash feeds) and hence dust.

Each time the ‘throughs’ are recircu-lated the product is subjected to further heat treatment which will compromise the nutritional quality of the feed, particularly if there is repeat recirculation. This emphasises the importance of optimising pellet quality through the conditioners and pellet and the advantage of automating these process steps.

Packing Errors arising from placing wrong product

in wrong silo or placing product in a silo which is not empty can be avoided by implement-ing automated route control, fixed silos and high/low level indicators to provide accurate record of how much feed is in each silo.

The other challenge is accurate data about number of bags packed and sent to the ware-house. Weighing systems and bag counting technology can provide the necessary solu-tion so that management are able to log the productivity of each packing line.

Quality controlKnowledge of the

moisture content of the feed at packing is essential for physi-cal product reasons, stock loss and shelf life.

Moisture sensors can be installed on the packing line to ensure the optimal moisture content for maximum shelf life leading to reduced product reject and improved consistency of product perform-ance.

Bag loadingThis represents a

real challenge because the confusion that can occur from having multi-loading belts and different products to load.

The primary con-cern is inventory control to ensure the correct product type and quantity has been loaded.

Agentis Innovations,

for example, has responded to this challenge through the development of their award-win-ning Q-Plus truck control programme and innovative bag counting technology

SummaryLosses associated with moisture loss, prod-

uct waste, accuracy of production or time management are costing the aquafeed indus-try multi million dollars.

Agentis Innovations are actively responding to this challenge by developing technological solutions that directly impact all of these factors and provide valuable real-time stock control, full traceability from supplier to farm and significant return on investment.

Agentis Innovations is a specialist in provid-ing and developing technologies that auto-mate manufacturing processes and integrate data collection for the global agricultural industry which include animal feed, aquafeed, petfood, and premix.

More inforMation:Agentis Innovations1175/2 Krungthep-Nonthaburi Rd, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand 10800Tel : 66 2 831 7299 (556),Fax : 66 2 586 9657E-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]


FEATURE

www.oj-hojtryk.dk

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O&J Højtryk A/SØrnevej 1, DK-6705 Esbjerg ØCVR.: 73 66 86 11

Phone: +45 75 14 22 55Fax: +45 82 28 91 41

mail: [email protected]

AD_o&j.indd 1 21/11/2012 15:08


EXPERT T●PIC

Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look at a particular species and how its feed is managed.

TROUTEXPERT TOPIC

1Global

According to the World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, approx-imately 576.2 thousand tons of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus

mykiss) are cultured in 69 countries through-out the world, valued at 2.4 billion dollars.

The production of rainbow trout has grown exponentially since the 1950’s and the total global production today is second only to Atlantic salmon. Major producing countries include Iran, Germany, Australia, Norway and France.

2IranAsia’s aquaculture history dates back thou-sands of years. In the 1980’s, The Islamic Republic of Iran invested heavily in aquacul-ture development with the culture of rainbow trout along the Caspian Sea.

Trout farms are mainly found across the centre, northwestern and western parts of the country. Iran’s trout farming systems consist of simple raceways made of concrete that harbor a continuous water flow. As a result of improved farming techniques and facilities, the country’s annual production of trout has grown dramatically.

In1978, Iran reportedly produced 280 tonnes of trout. In 2009, total production reached 73 642 tonnes. Rainbow trout now

accounts for 13.26 percent of Iran's overall aquaculture production.

3GermanyToday, rainbow trout is the most important cultured species in Germany. First introduced from North America in 1880, production figures for this species have increased annually over the last 40 years, reaching approximately 24000 tonnes in 2003.

This increase in production is mainly due to milestones in the country’s aquaculture systems, namely, the development of artificial feeds, construction of flow-through-systems, artificial oxygen enrichment of production water and effective disease control.

Currently, trout is cultured in flow through units throughout the southern part of the country, mainly in the States of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. These aquaculture systems are also found in the States of Lower Saxony, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Thüringen.

Germany’s trout farming production reached €113 million in 2005, making up 60 percent of the country’s total aquaculture earnings.

4AustraliaThe farming of both rainbow and brown trout is a valuable contributor to Australia’s aquaculture industry.

Rainbow trout were first introduced to the country in 1927 as a source of recreational fishing in the south west of the state. Trout

farming in New South Wales began in the early 1970s and today provides annual rev-enue of $12 million.

Rainbow trout is also a dominant freshwa-ter aquaculture species cultured southeast-ern state of Victoria. Primarily harvested in Victoria’s cooler Alpine regions, the history of Victoria’s trout rearing dates back to 1870.

Today, there are approximately 20 farms in operation in the state, a few of which were established throughout the 70’s and 80’s.

Between 2010 and 2011, the Victorian trout farming sector was responsible for the production of approximately 1000 tonnes of fish, a notable figure in light of the of the numerous droughts and bushfires in recent years.

In Tasmania, rainbow trout are grown in both freshwater and saltwater systems. The first Tasmanian trial trout farm was established in 1964 in Bridport, a small town on the northeast coast of Tasmania.

By 1981, oceanic net pen rearing of rainbow trout was being carried out on an experimental basis, and by 1983 several companies had successfully established marine farming of rainbow trout, operating on both the southeastern and western coasts.

5NorwayRainbow trout is the only non-native species of fish in Norwegian aquaculture.

First introduced into the country in 1900, the species was first cultivated in freshwater in the early 1960s. Following successful intensive rearing processes, Norway’s trout production


EXPERT T●PIC

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is now primarily reared in sea cages, although a small number of fish are still harvested in freshwater ponds and tanks.

Current exports account for 95 percent of the country’s total aquaculture production. As one of the world’s leading trout exporters, it is not surprising that

Norwegian reared fished are exported to over 130 different countries.

The EU imports a large amount of Norwegian trout, with Denmark and France at the forefront in terms of export volume. Norway’s exports also extend to Russia and other eastern European countries. Currently, Japan and Russia import the largest volume of trout.

6FranceAs one of the first European countries to develop a steady aqua-culture industry, French aquaculture is notable for the production of trout farming.

Trout rearing mainly takes place in Aquitaine, located in the southwest and Bretagne in the northwest. These two regions account for 47 percent of the country’s total trout production. There are however, a range of farms throughout the rest of the country including Nord Pas de Calais, Normandy, Rhône-Alpes and Midi-Pyrénées.

Currently, the French trout farming industry employs approxi-mately 2 000 people. 3 percent of the larger production compa-nies produce more than 500 tonnes of fish annually. Interestingly, although they produce less than 100 tonnes each, smaller trout producer in the region represent 84 percent of France’s total production.

France is the third largest producer of trout after Chile and Norway and in 2004, approximately 35 128 tonnes of the species was produced with a market value of around €135 million.

At present, France’s rainbow trout market is divided in to three main sectors:• Direct consumption: accounts for approximately 80 percent

of trout production with a market value of €130 million• Angling: accounts for 12 percent of production with a

market value of €16 million• Restocking: accounts for 8 percent of production with a

market value of €7 millionFrance currently exports around 5 300 tonnes of rainbow trout

to Belgium and Germany and imports around 3 000 tonnes from Norway and Spain.

®

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ET-248B.indd 1 3/18/14 4:33 PM38 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

EXPERT T●PIC

Farming trout in the UK - More than just food

Nestled in Coln Valley, within the lush Cotwolds in the UK and not far from IAF’s head office is the Bibury Trout Farm - one of

Britain’s oldest aquaculture facilities.

Founded originally by Arthur Servern, a dedicated naturalist, to supply the native Brown Trout to local rivers; it has evolved over the years, latterly under Kate Marriott’s ownership – and is now capable of produc-ing 6 million trout ova from its hatchery every year, the majority being Rainbow Trout more suited to lake and reservoir habitats. Regardless of its age, established in 1902 – it is anything but ancient;

Bibury Trout Farm has successfully solidi-fied itself as both a bustling tourist attraction and innovative industrial fish producer. It has also been instrumental in bringing together its local community, assisting with local business and helping to bring even more life to an already vibrant community.

Dedicated to its continued heritage, Bibury Trout Farm proudly maintains its conservation efforts – stocking local rivers, reservoirs and lakes throughout the United Kingdom.

Three-fourths of its fish production, backed by local fishing syndicates, goes towards this process; restocking rainbow and brown trout at all stages of life. Although Bibury Trout Farm only uses one-fourth of its fish produc-tion for direct market sales, it still produces approximately 125 tonnes of trout annually for consumption.

Domestically, Bibury transports trout eggs throughout the United Kingdom; its supply chain reaching as far North as Scotland – paying careful attention to the handling, temperature and packaging of its product in order to ensure it maintains it's high quality when delivered.

A multitude of bio-security

Bibury Trout Farm has success-fully implemented a multitude of bio-security measures in order to mitigate and reduce the risk of disease within its operation.

By sourcing only from its own hatchery (apart from periodic refreshment of broodstock), Bibury is able to successfully simplify its supply chain and in the process eliminate the chance of cross con-tamination – growing its fish all the way from the initial egg to maturation.

Employees are effectively trained in the ethical and hygienic handling of fish, consistently wash-ing their hands and feet between stations in order to maintain a sanitary and safe environment.

Frequently samples of trout are taken and recorded in order to ensure that the health and sustain-ability of the fish is maintained. The feed producer Skretting has also been instrumental in the wellbeing, health and growth of Bibury Trout Farm as a whole, providing flexible options for finance during times of hardship and also providing an aux-iliary of veterinary services which further cements the bio-security of fish stocks.

Tourist attractionTourists from all over the world

flock to Bibury Trout Farm, cap-tivated by the beauty of the local area and facilities.

Bibury Trout Farm success-fully draws a multitude of demographics (for example from trout producing countries such as Turkey and Iran to name just two), from young school children to retirees looking to enjoy their spare time.

This open atmosphere and popularity pro-vides a unique opportunity in which to further educate consumers on the trout industry and its farming practices, providing them with greater perspective and understanding.

Using its onsite smoke foundry, Bibury is able to indulge its customers by producing a variety of diverse trout based cuisine; such as fresh trout, smoked trout, caviar and trout cakes. This variety of dishes will hopefully provide consumers with the opportunity to see just how many different ways trout can be incorporated into their day-to-day diet.

Recreational activitiesKnown as the “Greedy Fish” in Latin, trout

provides us with not just an excellent form

of fish production – but also an enjoyable recreational activity.

Bibury Trout Farm helps to maintain this sport by providing fisherman and anglers from across the globe with the opportunity to fish from the re-stocked lakes and rivers dotted throughout the United Kingdom.

Furthermore, Bibury provides children with the opportunity to fish directly from the facility, ensuring a catch to help build their confidence and passion for aquaculture at a young age.

Although Bibury Trout Farm doesn’t follow the traditional methods of table farming, it has helped to bring more upbeat enthusiasm to the trout industry as a whole. Developing and improving its local community through conservation, tourism and diversification of product – Bibury Trout Farm proves that successful aquaculture isn’t just about food production; but environmental sustainability and recreation as well.

7


EXPERT T●PIC

Victorian Rainbow Trout

According to the history books Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were introduced to Australia just after 1860 and

Victoria has held on to the mantle of being the largest supplier of freshwater trout to the Australian market ever since.

Most of the fish produced in Victoria's cool alpine regions, primarily in the upper Goulburn River system, and whilst shorter lived than brown trout (cultured primarily for restocking purposes), the rainbows grow faster in most circumstances.

Victorian commercial trout farming has operated for over 40 years.

Today's farms range in size from small tourist operations to large farms with many ponds or raceways that produce 100s of tonnes of fish.

Freshwater trout in Victoria are usually farmed in flow-through raceways or ponds under semi-intensive and intensive grow-out systems using flow-through systems where large quantities of water are continually exchanged in the culture unit and fed a com-mercial pelleted diet.

This type of farming requires a con-siderable amount of clean, cool water which is usually diverted from an adjacent river. Farms licensed through the Victorian Government Environmental Protection Authority, to ensure water is appropriately treated prior to discharge. This water gen-erally passes through the production system and on to settlement ponds or constructed wetlands, before being discharged back into the river.

As trout is a cold water species, it pre-fers water temperatures between 10-20 degrees, the frequency of hotter summers is proving to be a challenge for the industry. Innovations, such as using oxygen injec-tion and deeper raceways to cope with increasing summer temperatures are being introduced.

Since the trout pioneering days of Alan and Peter Leake, the industry has faced some significant challenges. Over recent years they have had to contend with massive bush fires in 2009 which were followed by floods.

The majority of the farmers had just got their stocks back up from the fires and the consequential fire retardant chemicals, when in 2010 those gains were then lost when the fish were washed/swam away with the incred-ible floods.

Most local people would recall seeing on the television at the time, trout being picked up from the water in the town’s street.

Getting back to normalAfter 2010 the state was down to 50

percent of normal production but latest news is that it is getting back to where it was with currently 26 licensed holders and is the largest volume aquaculture sector in Victoria.

Companies like Alpine Trout Farm in Noojee, Victoria, at the base of the Mount Baw Baw Ranges, (a winter snow area Victorian Ranges about 120km east of Melbourne), is one of those in the business who through continuous improvement in production techniques and environmental management is adapting to these chal-lenges.

They have recently purchased eight ha and 58 ponds, the farm plans to produce 400 tonnes in the year but have concerns in

Profiles of Victoria's Salmonids

Brown troutBrown trout were introduced to

mainland Australia from Tasmania in 1864 as fertilised eggs. Fisheries Victoria stocks more brown trout than any other salmonid (trout and salmon).

These stockings are predominantly into lakes and impoundments.

This species of trout is widespread and abundant in north eastern Victoria where self-sustaining populations thrive in cool, fast flowing waters. Given good habitat and food, brown trout grow rapidly in their second and third year of life although few live beyond five to six years of age.

Brown trout are considered to be a 'residential' fish exhibiting limited move-ment from established home ranges. They appear to dominate rainbow trout in waters where both species exist naturally.

Rainbow trout

Chinook salmonChinook salmon are also known as

Quinnat salmon and King salmon and are highly regarded by anglers as a strong sportsfish.

They were first introduced to Australia in the 1870s. In natural circum-stances, young and adults spend most of their life at sea, returning to their natal streams to spawn. Natural migratory stocks in North America have recorded fish of 1.6m and nearly 60kg.

In Victoria they are only stocked into Lake Purrumbete, Lake Murdeduke and on occasion, Lake Modewarre. These waters have been known to produce fish of 89cm and 11.4kg (Lake Bullen Merri, 1981), but most fish are generally between 1 and 3kg.

Atlantic salmonAtlantic salmon are often confused

with brown trout and were first intro-duced to Australia in the 1860s.

In natural circumstances, most of their life cycle is spent at sea, however stocked populations for recreational fishing have been maintained in Lake Purrumbete and Lake Bullen Merri.

8


EXPERT T●PIC

ensuring low stocking densities. The organi-sation has its fish processed in the farm's new 500sqm on-site facility, opened in November last year and they are growing Rainbow trout, Golden trout, Arctic Char and Brook trout.

The most established Victorian Rainbow Trout organisation is Goulburn River Trout, a family operated trout farm-ing and processing business based near Alexandra on the Goulburn River. The business has been in operation for 35 years, the last 20 under the ownership of the Meggitt family.

The business employs about 25 people,

produces about 800 tonnes of trout per annum or 30,000 fish per week. Approximately 40 percent of the fish are smoked.

Recreational angling

One cannot men-tion trout in Victoria without talking about recreational angling – it also relies on aquaculture for re-stocking.

The angling effort in Victoria occurs on freshwater lakes, rivers and streams with trout being one of the most harvested species in these waters. The Victorian trout fishery is a major social and economic con-tributor to regional communities with nearly half of all trout harvested in Australia being caught in Victoria.

Inland anglers spend more than Aus$170 million a year pursuing trout, redfin and native species such as Murray cod and golden perch. In addition to providing good sport fishing, many consider trout to be a choice table fish.

Since 1960, over 41 million trout have

been released in numerous lakes, rivers and streams across the state.

Today, the Government utilises a com-bination of regulation, stocking and habitat improvement to manage trout fisheries.

The use of these tools is underpinned by research performed by Primary Industries Research Victoria (PIRVic) based at Snobs Creek near Eildon.

Continuing research on trout provides increased awareness of their behaviour and needs, which subsequently leads to improved trout fisheries as a result of informed manage-ment decisions. Research also provides the means to scientifically monitor both stocked and wild trout in order to adjust management strategies.

PerspectivesTo get some perspectives in the global scene

the value of Norwegian trout exports (informa-tion from FAO Globefish) increased to NOK 1.7 billion (US$304.8 million) in 2012 because of strong growth in volume, which totaled 56,000 tonnes, a 43 percent jump from 2011.

Norway has an export growth of 60 per-cent in volume to Russia; Russia is fast increas-ing its relative share of Norwegian trout exports. In total, 55 percent of Norwegian trout exports went to this market in 2012. Other big trout markets were Japan and Belarus.


EXPERT T●PIC

INDUSTRY EVENTSIN

DU

STRY

EVE

NTS

19 – 21 March 14ILDEX Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Contact: Nalinrat AnanamnuaylapTel: +662 670 0900 ext 118Email: nalinrat.ana @vnuexhibitionsap.comWeb: www.ildex.com

28 – 29 March 14EMS Forum: Managing the Shrimp Epidemic, Bangkok, Thailand

Contact: Asian Aquaculture NetworkTel: +66 0 2192 17878 ext. 29Email: [email protected]: www.asianaquaculturenetwork.com

8 April 14GRAPAS Conference (held in con-junction with Victam Asia), Bangkok, Thailand

Contact: Andy West Tel: +44 0173 776 3501Email: [email protected]: www.victam.com

8 – 10 April 14Victam Asia (co-located with FIAAP and GRAPAS Asia), Bangkok, Thailand

Contact: Andy West Tel: +44 0173 776 3501Email: [email protected]: www.victam.com

23 – 25 April 14VIV India, Bangalore, India

Contact: Manuel Madani Tel: +31 30 295 2608 Email: manuel.madani @vnuexhibitions.comWeb: www.viv.net/en

6 – 7 May 14European Algae BiomassSeville, Spain

Contact: Dimitri PavlykTel: + 44 2031 410627Email: [email protected] Web: www.acieu.net

May 20th – 22nd 14VIV Europe, Utrecht, the Netherlands

Contact: Ruwan BerculoTel: +31 3029 52879Email: [email protected]: www.viv.net

25th - 30th May 14XVI International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding, Queensland, Australia

Contact: Dr Brett GlencrossTel: +61 7 3833 5926Email: [email protected]: www.isfnf2014.org/index.php

28th - 29th May 14Aquaculture UK, Aviemore, Scotland

Contact: David MackTel: +44 1862 8921 88Email: [email protected]: www.aquacultureuk.com

28 - 30 May 14Forum do marPorto, Portugal

Contact: José MartinsTel: +351 22 998 1459Email: [email protected] Web: www.exponor.pt

5 - 7 June 14Future Fish Eurasia, Izmir International Fair Center, Izmir,, Turkey

Contact: Eurasia Trade FairsTel: +90 212 347 10 54Email: [email protected]: www.eurasiafairs.com

7th - 11th June 14World Aquaculture Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

Contact: Mario Stael Tel: +32 9233 4912Email: [email protected]: www.was.org

18 – 20 June 14IndoLivestock, Jakarta, Indonesia

Contact: Ika AngeliaTel: +62 2186 44756 ext 108Email: [email protected]: www.indolivestock.com

22 - 27 June 145th Congress of the International Society for Applied Phycology (ISAP)Sydney, Australia

Contact: Pierre ErwesTel: +33 678 078 284Email: [email protected] Web: www.isap2014.com

17 July 14ILDEX Thailand on the move, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

Contact: Nalinrat AnanamnuaylapTel: +662 670 0900 ext 118Email: [email protected]: www.ildex.com

3 – 5 September 149th Shanghai International Fishery & Seafood Expo (SIFSE2014), Shanghai New International Expo Centre, 2345 Longyang Road, Shanghai, China

Contact: Lewis LiuTel: +86 21 6775 9097Email: [email protected]: www.sifse.com

11 - 13 September 14Ildex Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar

Contact: Ms. Nathaporn VasinyontTel: +662 670 0900 ext. 109Email: nathaporn.vas @vnuexhibitionsap.comWeb: www.ildex.com

23 September 14Aquatic China (in conjunction with VIV China)New China International Exhibition Center (NCIEC) Beijing, China

Contact: Anneke van Rooijen+31 30 295 [email protected]: http://www.viv.net/en/Portal.aspx

23 - 25 September 14VIV China, New China International Exhibition Center (NCIEC), Hall West 1 and 2, 88 Yu Xiang Road, Tianzhu Area, Shunyi district, Beijing, China

Contact: Anneke van RooijenTel: +31 30 295 2772Email: anneke.van.rooijen @vnuexhibitions.comWeb: www.viv.net

14 - 17 October 14Aquaculture Europe 2014, San Sebastian, Spain

Contact: Mario StaelTel: +32 9233 4912Email: [email protected]: www.easonline.org

15 - 17 October 14Vietstock, Saigon Exhibition and Convention Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Contact: Chau TranTel: +84 8 5401 2718Email: [email protected]: www.vietstock.org

16 October 14Ildex Thailand on the moveNakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Contact: Nalinrat AnanamnuaylapTel: +662 670 0900 118Email: [email protected]: www.ildex.com

11 - 14 November 14Eurotier, Hanover Fairground, Germany

Contact: Karl SchloesserTel: +49 06 924 788 254Email: [email protected]: www.eurotier.com

FAMI-QS, a quality control system operated by the European feed ingredients organisation

FEFANA, is hosting a one-day con-ference to celebrate reaching its 10th year anniversary.

The anniversary event will be held in the Sofitel Hotel in downtown Brussels on May 5, 2014. Dr Dieter Gressinger, the president of FAMI-QS will host the event with his secretary general Didier Jans explaining how the FAMI-QS was spun off from the federation to form an international reference standard for the feed sector.

Other speakers on the program

include the director general of the EU’s Health and Consumers Directorate which is its food and veterinary office along with third-party certification from the International Trade Centre on

standards map database and benchmarking.

The program will also include a presentation from GMP+ on the FAMI-QS and GMP+ exper iences . F ina l ly the Feed Schemes Obser vator y (FSO)

will review feed benchmarking projects.

More inforMation:FEFANAAvenue Louise 130 A Box 1, 1050 Brussels BelgiumTel: +32 2 6396669 Fax: +32 2 6404111Email: [email protected]: www.fami-qs.org

FAMI-QS is celebrating its 10-year anniversary

Get your free APP here

Get your free APP here

INDUSTRY EVENTSAquaculture Europe 2014 set on San Sebastián, Spain

“With our hosts , AZTI-Tecnal ia , the European Aquaculture Society (EAS) is

organising our annual Aquaculture Europe event in the beautiful city of Donostia–San Sebastián in the hear t of the Basque Country, Spain and we'd very much like you to be with us.”

That’s the message this month from the World Aquaculture Society which is planning it’s next meeting ‘AE2014’ from October 14-17, 2014, says Mario Stael of MarEvent in Belgium.

AE2014 will address the theme of ‘adding value’ to our products, our processes, to research and to resources, he adds. The AE2014 pages of the EAS website are now.

“On that page we have made an introductory video, inviting

you to be with us. You will also find links to submit your abstract online, register online or exhibit. You will also see information on the city and the hotels with which we have obtained conference rates.”

AbstractsAbstracts can be submitted

for a wide range of sessions, including:

Adding value to aquaculture products; Commercialisation of aquaculture products; Integrity, safety and authenticity of food products from aquaculture; By-products management; Climate change and environmental man-agement; Nutrition: Requirements; Nutrition: Alternative feed ingre-dients; Nutrition: Outputs of the EU ARRAINA project; Hatchery; Land-based aquaculture tech-nologies; Offshore mariculture; Stock management strategies to control reproduction prior to harvest; Beyond monoculture; Advances in disease and welfare; Marine biotechnology; Genomic research and applications; Species diversification; Salmon farming sustainability; Eels - research progress; Shellfish; Seaweeds as food, feed and economic activity; Aquaponics; Organic aquacul-ture; Knowledge management, transfer and extension networks; Governance, policy and stra-tegic planning; Biology of aquatic

species gametes (AQUAGAMETE COST ACTION); Laboratory fish models for aquaculture applica-tions (e.g. Zebrafish and others) and Sustainability assessment of the aquaculture chain.

“We are also organising satel-lite workshops and an interna-tional trade exhibition with asso-ciated Industry Forums for shell-fish, marine fish and freshwater fish.

“We invite you to submit your abstract and register early to take advantage of the low costs being offered.

“Special registration fees for Spanish nationals that are members of the Sociedad Española de Acuicultura (SEA) are also offered from now until June 30. You can join EAS to get the special member rate, as well as the numerous benefits that membership provides,” con-cludes Mr Stael.

More inforMation:Website: www.easonline.org


Special themes

World Expo for Animal Husbandry & Processing

Come to Utrecht in 2014 and connect to all players in today’s complete meat production chain.

May 20-22, 2014 | Utrecht, the Netherlands

MORE INFORMATIONvisit our website

www.viv.net

VIV Europe 2014

www.summit2014.org

REGISTER TODAY! 40% Early Bird Discount Ends 31 March

For registration and more information, go to www.summit2014.org/registration

AdditivesChemoforma

+41 61 8113355

www.chemoforma.com

Evonik

+49 618 1596785

www.evonik.com

Liptosa

+34 902 157711

www.liptosa.com

Sonac

+31 499 364800

www.sonac.biz

AnalysisR-Biopharm

+44 141 945 2924

www.r-biopharm.com

Romer Labs

+43 2272 6153310

www.romerlabs.com

Amino acidsEvonik

+49 618 1596785

www.evonik.com

Animal Health & NutritionCenzone

+1 760 736 9901

www.cenzone.com

BagsMondi Group

+43 1 79013 4917

www.mondigroup.com

Bin dischargersDenis

+33 2 37 97 66 11

www.denis.fr

Bulk storageBentall Rowlands

+44 1724 282828

www.bentallrowlands.com

Chief Industries UK Ltd

+44 1621 868944

www.chief.co.uk

Croston Engineering

+44 1829 741119

www.croston-engineering.co.uk

Silo Construction Engineers

+32 51723128

www.sce.be

Silos Cordoba

+34 957 325 165

www.siloscordoba.com

Symaga

+34 91 726 43 04

www.symaga.com

TSC Silos

+31 543 473979

www.tsc-silos.com

Westeel

+1 204 233 7133

www.westeel.com

Certification

GMP+ International

+31703074120

www.gmpplus.org

ConveyorsVigan Enginnering

+32 67 89 50 41

www.vigan.com

Colour sorters

Bühler AG

+41 71 955 11 11

www.buhlergroup.com

Satake

+81 82 420 8560

www.satake-group.com

Computer softwareAdifo NV

+32 50 303 211

www.adifo.com

Format International Ltd

+44 1483 726081

www.formatinternational.com

Colour sortersSEA S.r.l.

+39 054 2361423

www.seasort.com

Coolers & driersConsergra s.l

+34 938 772207

www.consergra.com

FrigorTec GmbH

+49 7520 91482-0

www.frigortec.com

Geelen Counterflow

+31 475 592315

www.geelencounterflow.com

Muyang Group

+86 514 87848880

www.muyang.com

Wenger Manufacturing

+1 785-284-2133

www.wenger.com

Elevator bucketsAlapala

+90 212 465 60 40

www.alapala.com

Tapco Inc

+1 314 739 9191

www.tapcoinc.com

STIF

+33 2 41 72 16 80

www.stifnet.com

VAV

+31 71 4023701

www.vav.nl

Elevator & Conveyor Components4B Braime

+44 113 246 1800

www.go4b.com

Buhler AG

+41 71 955 11 11

www.buhlergroup.com

Enzymes

Ab Vista

+44 1672 517 650

www.abvista.com

JEFO

+1 450 799 2000

www.jefo.com

Equipment for sale

ExtruTech Inc

+1 785 284 2153

www.extru-techinc.com

Extruders

Almex

+31 575 572666

www.almex.nl

Amandus Kahl

+49 40 727 710

www.akahl.de

Andritz

+45 72 160300

www.andritz.com

Brabender

+49 203 7788 0

www.brabender.com

Buhler AG

+41 71 955 11 11

www.buhlergroup.com

Dinnissen BV

+31 77 467 3555

www.dinnissen.nl

Insta-Pro International

+1 515 254 1260

www.insta-pro.com

Ottevanger

+31 79 593 22 21

www.ottevanger.com

Zheng Chang

+86 21 64188282

www.zhengchang.com

Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group)


Feed

Aller Aqua

+45 70 22 19 10

www.aller-aqua.com

Novus

+1 314 576 8886

www.novusint.com

Wynveen International B.V.

+31 26 47 90 699

www.wynveen.com

Hatchery products Reed Mariculture

+1 877 732 3276

www.reed-mariculture.com

Laboratory equipment Bastak

+90 312 395 67 87

www.bastak.com.tr

Level measurement

BinMaster Level Controls

+1 402 434 9102

www.binmaster.com

FineTek Co., Ltd

+886 2226 96789

www.fine-tek.com

Vega

+44 1444 870055

www.vega.com/uk

Moisture analyzersCHOPIN Technologies

+33 14 1475045

www.chopin.fr

Doescher & Doescher GmbH

+49 4087976770

www.doescher.com

Hydronix

+44 1483 468900

www.hydronix.com

Seedburo

+1 312 738 3700

www.seedburo.com

NIR systemsNIR-Online

+49 6227 732668

www.nir-online.de

PackagingCB Packaging

+44 7805 092067

www.cbpackaging.com

Mondi Group

+43 1 79013 4917

www.mondigroup.com

Ugur Makina

+90 (364) 235 00 26

www.ugurmakina.com

PalletisersEhcolo A/S

+45 75 398411

www.ehcolo.com

PAYPER, S.A.

+34 973 21 60 40

www.payper.com

Pellet bindersAkzo Nobel

+46 303 850 00

www.bredol.com

Borregaard LignoTech

+47 69 11 80 00

www.lignotechfeed.com

PellTech

+47 69 11 80 00

www.pelltech.org

Pest controlRentokil Pest Control

+44 0800 917 1987

www.rentokil.co.uk

Pipe systems

Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu

Fr. Jacob Söhne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu

Used around all industrial sectors.

Jacob Sohne

+49 571 9580

www.jacob-pipesystems.eu

PlantsAndritz

+45 72 160300

www.andritz.com

Buhler AG

+41 71 955 11 11

www.buhlergroup.com

Muyang Group

+86 514 87848880

www.muyang.com

ProbioticsBiomin

+43 2782 803 0

www.biomin.net

RecruitmentJCB Consulting

+44 161 427 2402

www.jcb-consulting.com

RollsLeonhard Brietenbach

+49 271 3758 0

www.breitenbach.de

OJ Hojtryk

+45 7514 2255

www.oj-hojtryk.dk

Safety equipmentRembe

+49 2961 740 50

www.rembe.com

Second hand equipmentSanderson Weatherall

+44 161 259 7054

www.sw.co.uk

SilosKepler Weber Group

+55 11 4873-0300

www.kepler.com.br

Obial

+90 382 2662120

www.obial.com.tr

MYSILO

+90 382 266 2245

www.mysilo.com

Symaga

+34 91 726 43 04

www.symaga.com

Tornum AB

+46 512 29100

www.tornum.com

SensorsAqualabo

+33 2 97 89 25 30

www.aqualabo.fr

Agromatic

+41 55 2562100

www.agromatic.com

Dol Sensors

+45 721 755 55

www.dol-sensors.com

Shrimp feed additivesDishman

+31 318 545 754

www.dishman-netherlands.com

Trainingnabim

+44 2074 932521

www.nabim.org.uk

VacinesRidgeway Biologicals

+44 1635 579516

www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk

Vacuum

Wynveen International B.V.

+31 26 47 90 699

www.wynveen.com

Weighing equipment

Parkerfarm Weighing Systems

+44 1246 456729

www.parkerfarm.com

Yeast productsLeiber GmbH

+49 5461 93030

www.leibergmbh.de

Lesaffre Feed Additives

+33 3 20 81 61 00

www.lesaffre.fr

To include your company in the

International Aquafeed market place in

print, and a company page on our website

contact Tom Blacker.

+44 1242 267700 • [email protected]


Evonik Industries AGHealth & Nutritionfeed additives [email protected]

AMINODat Aqua 1.0 –Enhance your knowledge about your raw materials.

www.evonik.com

The new Amino Dat® Aqua 1.0 application allows you to view the amino acid composition of aqua feed ingredients used in fish and crustacean nutrition along with additional information on the variation of amino acid contents. AminoDat® Aqua V1.0 includes also a lot of new and more exotic raw materials used in aqua feed diets like shrimp head meal, squid meal, krill meal, tuna extract and fishmeal from different origins.

CLOUD-BASED HAZARD MONITORING

Hazardmon.com is a secure cloud based industrial monitoring solution that allows any registered user to login and see all their facilities in real-time from anywhere in the world. This product offers seamless integration with 4B’s communication BUS system – the T500 Elite “Hotbus”. The T500 multifunctional hazard monitoring system for bucket

elevators and conveyors can monitor up to 256 sensors for combined belt alignment, belt speed, continuous bearing temperature, pulley alignment, level indication (bin / silo) and plug conditions.”

hazardmon.com

Extru-Tech, Inc. - Introduces New Valve Options. In a continued effort to improve product performance and production control, Extru-Tech, Inc. has introduced a new Mid-Barrel Valve (MBV), and a new Energy Management Valve (EMV). Used independently, or together, bothoffer increased control of SME (Specific Mechanical Energy). As an internal component, the MBV can be added in any position along the barrel for on-line control of SME and product density. Used with our highly adaptable single screw extruders, the new MBV allows higher SME, higher cook and lower bulk density, even with fresh meat and high-fat recipes.The new EMV located at the barrel discharge, meanwhile, controls the final product characteristics by dynamically adjusting extruder die restriction. The advanced EMV design allows the flow of off-spec extrudate to be diverted away, thus reducing the chances of contaminating the conveyance system and reducing food safety risk. Used together, the EMV and MBV further maximize SME, by manipulating product density. Their combined use also allows for quicker acquisition of product density, critical limit temperatures and pressures... ...all with less waste.

www.extru-techinc.com

ZhengChang 168F Extruder, Model: 160kwDie Hole: 4mm, Produce Common Floating Fish Feed, Actual Capacity: 7.2t/h.

Capacity: 6-7t/h, on average 2t/h higher than other machines of the same type in the industry. Highly efficient frequency conversion feeder features high stability and convenient operation that can produce finer particles with high capacity.Humanized design for steam and water adding can conduct online flow detection, adding in proportion, so as to guarantee the quality of the feed.Specially designed mixing shaft and paddle can improve the cooking and mixing uniformity. The maximum water and steam adding rate is 30%, which can improve the quality of the feed.Hard wearing alloy screw and bushing blocks can reduce maintainance

costs. Fixed space cutters avoid cutter wear. Smooth drive of the particle cutting structure can guarantee smooth operation and effectively reduce mechanical faults that caused by vibration. Quick cutter and die exchange can save time for production.

www.zhengchang.com www.ge-pro.de

Gold Mehl FM - Gold Mehl FM is a processed poultry protein with high protein content and high protein digestibility.This is achieved by using drying process with optimal conditions using Low Temperature (LT) drying technology.A comparison between Gold Mehl FM and demand of EAA by fish and shrimp indicates that a balance exists within most EAA thus positioning Gold Mehl FM as a replacer of Fish Meal.With 85% crude protein content and more than 85% in vivo digestibility, the product is a unique offering in the category of Animal Proteins and is being used widely in different parts of the world.

2014AquacultureTECHNOLOGYproduct showcase

AquaStar®

aquastar.biomin.net

AquaStar® - With the development of the AquaStar® product line, BIOMIN serves the needs of the industry for natural and sustainable solutions. AquaStar® is a well-defined, multi-strain probiotic product for fish and shrimp which promotes a beneficial gut microflora as well as an improved environmental condition in ponds, thereby improving efficiency in production: Controls pathogenic microorganisms

Stabilizes water quality and pond bottom

Improves gut health and performance

Extruder type EX1250For high performance extrusionThe ANDRITZ EX1250 extruder is designed to meet the ever increasing demands from aqua feed producer and the aqua feed industry. The EX 1250 ensures high capacity and versatile extrusion production lines.Special features:• High capacity: 10-20 tph• Integrated operating systems: Reduced installation time and costs• Low maintenance and wear parts costs• User-friendly design: Easy to access and clean, ensuring optimum hygiene• Wide variety of options and accessories available to meet specific

requirementsThe EX1250 ensures high capacity, controlled energy input, stable operation and consistency in product quality.

www.andritz.com

Liptosa Co. presents in the market the latest development in the field of growth promoters for fingerlingsLiptofry® is a Phytobiotic integrated by mix of protected organic acids ; plant extracts and technical components to be included in crumbles since the starting feeding. This additive have shown on industrial conditions and in different fish with a very high efficacy in reducing time spent on fingerlings cycle and with significant differences regarding control batches. Moreover Liptofry® has been proven to be a very effective natural additive to control the appearance of opportunistic bacterial origin outbreaks Liptofry is definitely a growth promoter that allow optimization in nursery phase increasing the survival rate and growth rate..

www.liptosa.com

CompacTwinTM – the flexible twin-screw extruder

The CompacTwinTM twin-screw extruder has been designed for a wide variety of applications in many different industries. The lean design is especially suitable for trouble-free production of high volumes of a given product and product formula. The functional control system of the extrusion system ensures dependable production and enables easy selection of the production parameters of the feeder, preconditioner, and extruder. The extruder is available in two sizes: 62 mm screw diameter with a throughput capacity up to 1000 kg/h and 93 mm up to max. 3000 kg/h.

www.buhlergroup.com/aquafeed

MUYANG MY TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDER - High-efficient extruder for aquafeed, food

and raw material treatment. More suitable for sticky formulations.Easy operation - PLC and touch screen for convenient control; by-pass provided to avoid blockage; easy operation, precise and reliable.High efficiency - Optimal chamber groove and screw flight profiles, minimum SME input; efficient DDC conditioner and jacketed barrel with stabilized and facilitated extrusion, maximum energy utilization; unique suspending cutter, adjustment without down time.More flexibility - Modularized barrel and screw structure with many add-ons, adaptable to varied high-fat or -moisture formulations; controllable temperature, pressure and density, minimizing reconfiguration acquired.

Customizable solution - Incl, machine size, barrel, screw, discharge die, cutter knives, steam pipeline and energy recovery system etc.

www.muyang.com

by M

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Former IFIF Secretary General appointed President of newly formed IASP

Roger Gilbert, publisher of the aquaculture magazine International Aquafeed, has been appointed president of the newly formed Association of International Seafood Professionals. He joins Roy Palmer who has been tasked with running the newly formed association and is its new executive director.

"The aims and objectives of the IASP are based on individual participation with the view that by drawing together inputs from all sectors of the industry, and that includes those working in the capture industry as well as in fish farming, our industry can better organise itself and determine its future role," says Mr Gilbert.

"It's an honour for me to be appointed the Association’s first president. I am particularly keen to see seafood recognised as a major source of protein in our diets and for the benefits in health that it delivers. In addition, I'm firmly of the belief that aqua-culture will play a vital role in supplying the protein a growing world population will need as we head toward 9.5 billion people on the planet in 2050!

"For 22 years I worked as secretary general of the International Feed Industry Federation through its developmental years, and I feel well qualified to assist in the establishment of this organisation during this critical inception period”.

MSD Animal Health UK appoints new commercial manager for aquaculture

Keith Morris has been promoted to UK commercial manager for MSD Animal Health Aquaculture. Previously the national accounts manager, Keith has assumed responsibility for all commercial aspects of the aquaculture business, including marketing.

David Schofield, MSD’s integrated livestock director David Schofield confirmed the recent promotion and highlighted the company’s strategy of providing targeted advice and technical support to UK customers.

“ I am delighted that Keith has been promoted to this key role. His work alongside the technical team in developing our vaccine business, particularly Norvax® Compact PD as well as SLICE treatment strategies

is helping deliver our enhanced ‘Value Through Service’ products and technical service packages to the benefit of an increasing number of salmon producers in the UK.”

The UK Aquaculture team comprises Keith Morris (commercial manager), Dafydd Morris (technical manager) and Liam Doherty (technical trials assistant).

www.msd-animal-health.co.uk

SPC’s new director-general

The Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) recently appointed Dr Colin Tukuitonga as it new director-general. SPC is an international organisation to promote public health, geoscience, agriculture, forestry, water resources, disaster management and fisheries.

Dr Tukuitonga brings over 27 years’ experience working in a variety of roles, including as a clinician, academic, programme manager and consultant adviser. He will be based at SPC’s headquarters in Noumea, New Caledonia.

Prior to his new role, Dr Tukuitonga worked in Niue, Fiji, New Zealand and Switzerland in senior roles including chief execu-tive officer of the Ministry of Pacific Island Affairs of the New Zealand Government; associate professor of public health and head of Pacific and International Health at the University of Auckland; director of Public Health in the New Zealand Ministry of Health; and head of Surveillance and Prevention of Chronic Diseases with the World Health Organisation in Geneva.

www.spc.int

Research scientist joins Nofima

The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (Nofima) recently appointed Dr Astrid Buran Holan as its new research scientist in the field of controlled environment aquaculture, Norway.

Commenting on the appointment, Bendik Fyhn Terjesen, Nofima’s senior scientist said: “[Buran] will strengthen the technological aspects of this field in Nofima, and contribute to the further development of the Centre for Recirculation in Aquaculture (NCRA) at Sunndalsøra”.

Through the NCRA, which was established in 2010, Nofima contributes increased knowledge about fish nutrition, physiology, health and welfare in the most important farmed species in recirculating aqua-culture systems (RAS).

As part of her new role, Dr Buran will focus on developing and integrating new and existing water treatment technologies in recirculating and semi-closed aquaculture systems.

www.nofima.no/en


INDUSTRY FACESAQ

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Innovations for a better world.

Aquafeed – complete solutions from a single source.

Turn to Bühler for one of the most comprehensive lines of aquafeed process technology available anywhere: from raw material handling, cooking and shaping through extrusion to drying and coating of finished products. With an extensive know-how and a passion for quality we ensure not only product uniformity and production efficiency, but also maximum sanitation and safety. Bühler – gentle processing at its best. Visit us at the Victam Asia 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand from 8 - 10 April 2014 at booth A071 in halls 103 - 104. www.buhlergroup.com/aquafeed

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international aquafeed - march april 2014 full edition

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