international association of operative millers · 2016. 10. 21. · fumigation update international...
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Fumigation Update
International Association of
Operative Millers
Arusha, Tanzania
David Mueller
Sulfuryl fluoride, methyl bromide,
phosphine
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IAOM – Fumigation Update
Methyl Bromide Phase Out….
O
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IAOM – Fumigation Update
Phosphine
Cylinderized phosphine and solid
phosphine formulations.
ECO2FUME; Australian invention to control phosphine release
Phostoxin; Solid pellets & tablets
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Phosphine Update
• Used to fumigate
commodities worldwide
• Insect resistance found in
Asia, India, Africa, Australia
• Least expensive fumigant
• Label changes
• Corrosive to copper at high
concentrations
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Phosphine Recirculation…A better way to fumigate grain
Phosphine is placed on top of the grain and the gas is recirculated upward for to offer even distribution in the bins.
J-System
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IAOM – Fumigation Update
Miller’s Target Pest: Tribolium spp.
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Phosphine and
Heat…
Increased temperature
stresses insects
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Heat – 35 - 40° C
Phosphine – 50 -75 PPM
24 - 30 hours
Warning:
Manage
corrosion
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IAOM – Fumigation Update
Methyl Bromide Alternative Projects
Under the Montreal Protocol (GTZ, UNDP, UNIDO, UNEP, The World Bank)
- Mauritius
- Zimbabwe
- Cote I’vories
- Vietnam
- Philippines
- Thailand
- Jamaica
- Turkey
- Georgia
- St. Kitts - Zimbabwe Grain Depot
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New Sulfuryl Fluoride for flour
mills and food factoriesUSA, German, Chinese SF producers
IAOM – Fumigation Update
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Mills and warehouses fumigated with sulfuryl fluoride
2008
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Mauritius Flour MillDecember 31- January 2, 2008
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Hands-on Stewardship Training
The FumiGuide™ computer software program helps manage the fumigation. Hardy Henry fumigation crew of Port Lewis and Dow’s Suresh P. reviewing fumigant gas readings.
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Advantages to Sulfuryl Fluoride
• Not an ozone depleting substance
• Better penetrating gas than MB
• Stewardship program offers a safer fumigation
• Gas cost is similar to MB
• Effective against all stages of insects or rodents
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IAOM – Fumigation Update
Purdue University Insect Mortality Study:
99.2% mortality of all stages of Tribolium
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Good Penetration of Shifters
and Wood
IAOM – Fumigation Update
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Disadvantages of Sulfuryl Fluoride
• Not registered in all countries
• North America, Europe, Asia, Africa
• Special monitoring equipment needed (US$10,000.)
• Technical skills needed to perform Precision Fumigation.
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Monitoring gas levels of in a flour mill
fumigation is important
Fumiguide®
Fumiscope Manifold
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Cost - $ / 1,000 cubic feet
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Phosphine Methyl Bromide Sulfuryl Fluoride
US
D
IAOM – Fumigation Update
* 1,000 sq. ft. = 33 cu. m
Fumigant Cost
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Conclusions• Sulfuryl fluoride & Phosphine can be a viable
and economic replacements for methyl
bromide in flour mills and food factories if
used properly.
• Phosphine resistance needs to be managed.
• Fumigants work better in warm temperature.
• Monitoring gas levels is essential.
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www.fumigationzone.com
QUESTIONS?
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• Ricardo Guimaraes, Global Business Leader
• Dow AgroSciences LLP, USA
• Stanley , Europe