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International Atomic Energy Agency

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

International Centre for Theoretical Phvsics

News from ICTPNo. 68/69 March/April 1993

Short Report on lCTP Activities in 1992

GENERALThe International Centre for

Theoretical Physics (ICTP) is amultidisciplinary institution for researchand training for research. It was foundedin 1964 by the current Director, ProfessorAbdus Salam, Nobel Laureate forPhysics in 1979. It is operated by theInternational Atomic Energy Agency(Vienna) and UNESCO (Paris). Eighty-five percent of its annual budget comesfrom the Italian Government, whileIAEA and UNESCO contribute theremaining.

ICTP was created in view of reachingseveral objectives:- to help foster the growth of advanced

sfudies and research in physical andmathematical sciences especially indeveloping countries;

- to provide an international forum forscientific contacts between scientistsfrom all countries;

- to provide research facilities for itsvisitors, associates and fellows,mainly from developing countries.The programmes of ICTP encompass

a large spectrum of scientific disciplinesfrom the most sophisticated subjects suchas the ultimate structure of elementaryparticles, to more practical domains likeremote sensing or telematics. The ICTPscientific disciplines are:Fundamental Physics including Astro-Particle Physics,Physics of Condensed Matter,Mathematics,Physics and Energy,Physics of the Environment,Physics of the Living State,Applied Physics,Physics of the Space,Physics and Mathematics Teaching.

The activities of ICTP include severalcomponents:a) Research activitiesb) High-level training coursesc) Training at Italian Laboratoriesd) External activitiese) Book and Scientific Equipment

Donation Programmef) Training laboratories.

Research is conducted throughout theyear in Fundamental Physics, CondensedMatter Physics, Mathematics and PlasmaPhysics; and from 1 September 1992,also in Atmospheric Physics andRadiopropagation. There is a researchgroup for each of these branches whichoperate very similar to a department oftheoretical physics in a university, with asmall number of long-term scientists,visiting professors, post-doctoral fellowsand associates. During the year, there arefrom 30 to 40 researchers in each group.The research output is of the order of 450preprints each year.

A large number of training colleges,workshops and schools are held everyyear. The majority of the participants arescientists who are already working atuniversity-level institutions, and whocome to ICTP for the exposure to newareas of work or to update theirknowledge in a particularfieldof interest.Normally one of the directors of eachcourse is from a developing country. Thecourses consist of lectures, discussiongroups and practical exercises usingpermanent laboratory equipment andtemporary laboratories set up for aspecific course.

The ICTP computer facilitiesinclude a mainframe computer as well aspersonal computers for the trainingcourses as needed. Instrumentationequipment on loan from other institutions

Inside:Honorary D.Sc. Degree toProfessor Abdus Salam 4

Visit of the Minister of State andDeputy Prime Minister of Turkey .5

Conferences and Lectures 6

Go West Fellowships 6

Visits to ICTP 6

Ecologists Attend IntroductoryCourse on MathematicalComputer Modelling 8

New High Tech Laboratory inGhana 9

Obituary — Prof. P. Kusch 10

Awards 10

Activities at ICTP inMarch/April f

Calendar of Activities at ICTPin 1993-94 14

is also made available to participants inthe ICTP laboratories.

The ICTP has established fourlaboratories for training and research.They are:a) The Microprocessor Laboratoryb) The Superconductivity Laboratoryc) The Lasers and Optical Fibres

Laboratoryd) Atmospheric Physics and

Radiopropagation Laboratory.In addition to these activities, the

ICTP has recently developed anadvanced training programme leading toaDiploma after one year of study in HighEnergy Physics, Condensed MatterPhysics and Mathematics.

Throughout 'J.992, the ICTPorganized approximately 50 activities.These came from research activities,conferences, workshops and topicalmeetings on advanced subjects. From ascientific point of view, the ICTP 1992

News from ICTP - No. 68/69 - March/April 1993

programme could be consideredsuccessful due to the excellent work ofthe course directors, for the enthusiasmof the participants and for the coursesubjects themselves. All experimentswere carried out successfully, and mostparticipants are continuing in their homelaboratories the research started at ICTP.

The L992 Adriatico ResearchConferences were held with the aim ofbringing together leading experts indifferent fields and to allow them topresent their approaches and conceptsforthe interaction with other participants.An essential aspect of these conferencesis to present the up{o-date status of thefield in a way accessible to non-specialists: this usual pattern has beenfollowed durins all the Conferences.

Scientific Activities

FIELDS OF RESEARCH, TRAININGAND HIGHLIGHT OF ACTIVITIES

The main fields of research andtraining-for-research at the Centre in1992 were: Fundamental Physics (HighEnergy and Particle Physics); CondensedMatter Physics (Condensed MatterPhysics and Related, Atomic andMolecular Physics); Mathematics(Systems Analysis, MathematicalEcology, Algebra); Physics and Energy(Nuclear Physics, Non-conventionalEnergy); Physics and Environment(Geophysics, Climatology andMeteorology, Physics of theAtmosphere); Physics of the Living State(Neurophysics, Medical Physics,Biophysics); Applied Physics and HighTechnology (Microprocessors,Communications, Lasers).

The second Diploma Course in HighEnergy and Condensed Matter Physicsand the first one in Mathematics wereheld from 1 October to 31 December1992 with the participation of 30students.

From January to December 1,992,3585 scientists took part in the activitiesof the Centre and in the Programme forTraining at Italian Laboratories, for atotal of 4190.31 person/months. Of these,52.58% were from developing countries,accounting for 74.86V0 of the totalperson/months.

Associate Members from developingcountries numbered 44L. and there were

376 Federated Institutes in developingcountries.

FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICSResearch in high-energy,

fundamental physics and astrophysicswas carried out throughout the year withthe participation of 199 scientists,including 109 from developingcountries. The Diploma Course in highenergy physics was continued during theyear with the participation of 20, 1,0 ofthem from developing countries. A two-week Spring School on string theory andquantum gravity and Workshop on stringtheory held in April were attended by 28physicists from developing countriesfrom a total of 111 in all. A two-dayWorkshop on "The search for newelementary particles: Status andprospects" held in May was attended by41 physicists, 11 of them were fromdeveloping countries. One hundred andforty-five physicists from developingcountries out of a total of 241 took part inthe Summer School on high energyphysics and cosmology (June-July). TheSecond Trieste Conference on recentdevelopments in the phenomenology ofparticle physics was held in October; thenumber of participating physicists was93, including 41 from developingcountries.

CONDENSED MATTER, ATOMICAND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Research was conducted throughoutthe year with 159 physicists. Amongthem, 127 were from developingcountries. The Diploma Course incondensed matter physics was carriedout throughout the year with theparticipation of 27, orrt of that L0 werefrom developing countries. A two-weekworkshop on "Atom-radiationinteractions" held in February-Marchwas attended by 44 physicists fromdeveloping countries; the totalparticipants were 72. The Spring Collegein condensed matter onsuperconductivity was held in April-Junefor 8 weeks, with the participation of 132physicists and out of that 85 were fromdeveloping countries. The SeventhTrieste semiconductor symposium on"Wide-band gap semiconductors" washeld in June with a participation of 742physicists, including 9 from developingcountries. A Miniworkshop on stronglycorrelated electron systems was held in

June-July with the participation of 67scientists, out of lhat 25 were fromdeveloping countries. The 25thAnniversary Symposium on frontiers incondensed matter physics was held inJune-September with the participation of30L scientists, of which 208 were fromdeveloping countries. A Miniworkshopon non-linearity: "Dynamics andsurfaces in nonlinear physics" was heldin July with the participation of 48, out ofthat 18 were from developing countries.The Summer Course on low dimensionalquantum field theory for condensedmatter physics was held in August withthe participation of 69 scientists, out ofthat 41 were from developing countries.The Conference on chemical evolutionand the origin of life was held in Octoberwith the participation of 66 scientists, ofwhich 34 were from developingcountries. A Miniworkshop on methodsof electronic structure calculations washeld in August with the participation of69 scientists, among them 41 were fromdeveloping countries. ln total '1,204scientists took part in these piogrammesincluding 665 from developingcountries.

MATHEMATICSResearch in mathematics was carried

out throughout the year with theparticipation of 126 scientists of which98 were from developing countries. TheDiploma Course in mathematics wascarried out throughout the year with theparticipation of 15 — among these 12were from developing countries. A two-week workshop on dynamical systemswas held in June with the participation of105 scientists, out of that 63 were fiomdeveloping countries. The School ondynamical systems was held in May-June with the participation of 93,including 54 from developing countries.The Advanced Workshop on arithmeticalgebraic geometry was held in August-September and was attended by 138scientists, out of that 75 were fromdeveloping countries. A Workshop oncommutative algebra was held and thetotal number of participants was L27, outof that 58 were from developingcountries. In total 604 scientists took partin these programmes, out of that 360were from developing countries.

PHYSICS AND ENERGYResearch in Plasma Physics was

News from ICTP - No. 68/69 - March/Aprit 1993

carried out throughout the year with theparticipation of 12 scientists fromdeveloping countries, out of a total of 18participants. The Workshop oncomputation and analysis of nuclear datarelevant to nuclear energy and safety washeld in February and March with aparticipation of 64 scientists, out of that39 were from developing countries. AWorkshop and Conference on "Globalchange and environmentalconsiderations for energy systemdevelopment" was held in April and Maywith a participation of 72 scientists,including 41 from developing countries.

PHYSICS AND ENVIRONMENTResearch in intermediate term

earthquake prediction and structure ofthe earth was carried out for eight monthswith the participation of 7 scientists, outof that 3 were from developing countries.A group of scientists carried out theirresearch in the Atmospheric andRadiopropagation Laboratory fromSeptember to December with theparticipation of 13, out of that 12 werefrom developing countries. A two-weekworkshop on Mediterranean cyclonestudies was held in May with theparticipation of 40 scientists, including25 from developing countries. AWorkshop on tropical climate variabilityand regional impacts was held in Augustwith the participation of 36 scientists, outof that 16 were from developingcountries. The School of physicalmethods for the study of the upper andlower atmosphere system was held inNovember with the participation of 75scientists; among them 59 were fromdeveloping countries. The SecondAutumn Workshop on mathematicalecology was held between 2-20November with the participation of 10L,out of which 56 were from developingcountries. The Workshop on three-dimensional modelling of seismic wavesgeneration, propagation and theirinversion was held in November-December with the participation of 66,out of Ihat 32 were from developingcountries. In total 338 scientists attendedthese programmes, out of that 203 werefrom developing countries.

PHYSICS OF LIVING STATEA College of neurophysics "Object

recognition by man and machine:methods and tests of cosnitive

neuropsychology and neuralcomputations" was held in March, withthe participation of 67, out of that 39 werefrom developing countries. The Collegeon medical physics: "Imaging andradiation protection" was held in Augustand September with the participation of89 scientists, out of that 62 were fromdeveloping countries. The FourthInternational Conference on applicationsof physics in medicine and biology washeld in September with the participationof L48 scientists, out of that 70 were fromdeveloping countries. The College onmethods and experimental techniques inbiophysics was held from 28 Septemberto 23 October with the participation of 8Lscientists, including 61 from developingcountries. In total 385 scientists attendedthese programmes, out of that 232 werefrom developing countries.

APPLIED PHYSICS AND HIGHTECHNOLOGY

The Microprocessors Laboratorycarried out its activity in the whole yearwith 8 scientists from developingcountries out of a total number 18. TheHigh Temperature SuperconductivityExperimental Laboratory carried out itsresearch in the whole year with theparticipation of 17 scientists, out of that12 were from developing countries. TheLasers and Optical Fibres Laboratoryalso worked throughout the year with theparticipation of 35 scientists, including11 from developing countries. The ThirdTraining College on physics andtechnology of lasers and optical fibreswas held in January-February with theparticipation of L07, out of that 70 werefrom developing countries. TheComputer Network Project was held inMarch and April with the participation of86 scientists, out of that 58 were fromdeveloping countries. The SecondCollege on Microprocessor-based realtime control — "Principles andapplications in physics" was held inOctober with the participation of 65scientists; among them 54 fromdeveloping countries. ln toLal 323scientists took part in these programmes,out of that 213 were from developingcountries.

ADRIATICO RESEARCHCONFERENCES

In 1,992, the series of AdriaticoResearch Conferences included short

meetings on: Polarization Dynamics,Clusters and Fullerenes, Wrinkling ofSurfaces, Synergetics in CondensedMatter, and Hydrogen Atoms. Eighty-two scientists from developing countries,out of a total of 3I2, took part.

TRAINING AT ITALIANLABORATORIES

One hundred and seven scientistsfrom developing countries carried outresearch at Italian academic andindustrial laboratories under aprogramme which started in 1982 withthe financial support of the ItalianDirezione Generale per la Cooperazioneallo Sviluppo (Italian Ministry forForeign Affairs, Rome, Italy).

EXTERNAL ACTIVITIESIn the fields of Physics and Pure and

Applied Mathematics, the Centresponsored 63 activities, courses,workshops and symposia in 24 countries.Fifteen Affiliated Centres wereestablished in 15 countries and 4Networks were created involving 25countries, plus 5 VisitingScholars. Theseprogrammes were financed by theDirezione Generale per la Cooperazioneallo Sviluppo of the Italian Ministry ofForeign Affairs, Rome, Italy.

HOSTED MEETINGSThe Centre hosted L4 meetings. The

organizing institutions were theInternational Centre for GeneticEngineering and Biotechnology;UNESCO; Third World ,Academy ofSciences; Italian National Institute forNuclear Phyics; International Institutefor Pure and Applied Chemistry;International School for AdvancedStudies; International Ocean Institute;Politecnico of Milan: SincrotroneTrieste.

OTHER MEETINGSA three-day Round Table on "The

Essential Role of Science inTechnological Progress and EconomicDevelopment" was held in March in theAdriatico Guest House conference room.Professor Abdus Salam and Dr. LuisEmmerij, Director of the OECDDevelopment Centre in Paris, chaired apanel of scientists, economists andprofessionals from Third Worldcountries. The aim of the Conference wasto narrow the gap between Science and


Economics and to find a strategy to beadopted in the future.

The "25th Anniversary Symposiumon Frontiers in Condensed MatterPhysics'' was held on 10-11 July at theMain Lecture Hall of the Centre. TwoNobel Laureates, Prof. J.R. Schrieffer(Chairman of the ICTP ScientificCouncil) and Prof. K.A. M iiller, and Prof.J. M. Ziman were the main speakers ofthe Symposium.

Prof. S. Lundqvist, former Chairmanof the ICTP Scientific Council andChairman of the Condensend MatterPhysics Programme, described how theCondensed Matter Physics Programmecame into the mainstream of the path andits success during the 25 years of theICTP.

BOOKS AND EQUIPMENTDONATION PROGRAMME

In t992, the Centre was able todistribute 17,3OO journals, 16,050proceedings, 1,600 books and 1,650miscellaneous publications to some1,500 institutions in 100 developingcountries. Besides the donations directlydistributed by the Centre, a large numberof donations of complete sets of baOk-issues of journals were shipped directlyby the donors to institutions indeveloping countries.

AWARDSThe 1992 Dirac Medals of the

International Centre for TheoreticalPhysics were awarded to ProfessoiNikolai Nikolaevich Bogolubov(posthumously) formerly of the JointInstitute for Nuclear Research. Moscow.Russia, and to Professor Yakov G. Sinaifrom Landau Institute for TheoreticalPhysics, Moscow, Russia. ProfessorNikolai Nikolaevich Bogolubov wasawarded in recognition of his manyfundamental contributions in Physics andMathematics. In Statistical Physics, histreatment of Bose-Einstein condensationin a non-ideal gas was a seminal workwhich laid the basis for a microscopictheory of superfluidity in Helium II.

Professor Yakov G. Sinai receivedthe l992 Dirac Medal for his outstandingcontribution to Theoretical Physics andMathematics through the developmentof Ergodic Theory and its applications toDynamical Systems, in particularBilliards, Phase Transitions, QuantumChaos and Hydrodynamics. Also cited is

his work on the Spectral Analysis ofSchrddinger Operators and Applicationsof Renormalization Group Theory.

The 1992 ICTP Prize, in honour ofV.F. Weisskopf, was awarded to Dr.Elcio Abdalla, from the Universidade deS5o Paulo, BraziT, in recognition of hiscontributions in the field of High EnergyPhysics.

PREPRINTS AND INTERNALREPORTS

In 1992, 433 preprints and internalreports were issued. t

Honorary D.Sc. Degree toProfessor Abdus Salam

Professor Abdus Salam, Director ofthe International Centre for TheoreticalPhysics and President of the Third WorldAcademy of Sciences, was honouredwith the diploma of Doctor of Science,Honoris Causa, of St. PetersburgUniversity, Russia. As Prof. AbdusSalam could not travel to Russia, theceremony took place in the Main LectureHall of the ICTP, Trieste, on 10 March1993. The Rector of the Universitv of St.

Petersburg, Prof. S. Merkuriev, awardedthe Honorary D.Sc. Degree to ProfessorAbdus Salam. He read the citation for thedegree. The original citation is asfollows:

"It is both easy and difficult to speakabout the achievements of ProfessorAbdus Salam. It is easy becauseProfessor Salam has a unique personalityand has achieved spectacular results. It isdifficult because he has so manyachievements in so many different fieldsof human activity.

Already in his young years it becameevident that nature had provided himwith a supertalent for Physics. At the ageof 25, Salam produced his firstmasterpiece in Physics, and from then onthe development of Physics wasinterconnected and largely inspired byProfessor Salam's papers. More than 40years have passed since that time. ForPhysics this means almost an era.

Among Salam's scientificachievements, the most outstanding iscertainly the unification of theelectromagnetic and weak interactions or— as Salam has coined it — the theory ofelectroweak interactions. All theremarkable predictions of the EW theoryhave been verified and now the theory issupported by all known experimentalevidence. The theory itself looks like amiracle: having a rigid structure, it agreeswith experiments of high accuracy. No

Professor Abdus Salam, Director, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, andPresident, Third World Academy of Sciences, receiving the honorary D.Sc. degree from Prof.S. Merkuriev, Rector of St. Petersburg University, Russia, on 10 March 1993 in the MainLecture Hall of the ICTP.

News from ICTP - No. 68i69 - March/April 1993

real extension beyond the EW theory hasbeen found up to now. New acceleratorscould give us an indication of what is inNature beyond the EW theory. It is notexcluded that the first extension of theEW theory would be the Pati-Salamtheory.

The EW theory has started a newepoch in Physics. lt was logical that thecreators of the EW theory were honouredwith the award of the Nobel Prue nPhysics in 1979.

The Nobel Prize crowned Salam'sbest achievement in Physics. Hiscontributions to Physics before and aflerthe EW theory were also widelyrccognized. Salam is always at the centreof new ideas and has been the recipient ofalmost all prestigious prizes in Science.

However, for the past 30 years,Physics has taken up only part ofProfessor Salam's time and energy. Hehas made tremendous efforts to bringScience to the Third World and todevelop the scientific community. Onceagain, Abdus Salam acts as a unifier. InPhysics he unifies interactions, in societyhe unifies people through Science.

Professor Salam is the founder andDirector of this beautiful InternationalCentre for Theoretical Physics whichbecame one of the main centres inPhysics in the world. The Centre plays anoutstanding role in promoting Physicsand Science.

Professor Salam is a foundir,rgmemberand President of the Thiid WorldAcademy of Science. He founded theThird World Network of ScientificOrganisations. He launched the idea ofan International Association of Centresfor Advanced Study.

Professor Salam is one of the leadersof modern civilisation. It is natural that heplays a distinguished role in the PeaceMovement and for almost 40 years hasbeen actively associated with the UnitedNations.

St. Petersburg University confers onProfessor Abdus Salam the HonoraryDegree of Doctor of Science inrecognition of his outstandingcontribution to Science and to thedevelopment of civilisation. " o

Visit of the Minister ofState and Deputy Prime

Minister of Ttrrkev

The Minister of State and DeputyPrime Minister of Turkey, Prof. Indnii,visited the International Centre forTheoretical Physics on 6th March 1993.

He met Professor Abdus Salam,Director of the ICTP and President of theThird World Academy of Sciences, anddiscussed the possibility of strengtheningfuture scientific exchanges betweenTurkey and ICTP/TWAS.

Prof. Inonii is a great friend ofProfessor Abdus Salam. Already in 1960,he shared with Prof. Abdus Salam ideason the setting-up of an internationalcentre for theoretical physics. He is aMember of the Third World Network ofScientific Organizations (TWNSO).

After the morning discussions, hevisited the main ICTP Library and theTrieste Research Area.

***

Interview with Prof. Iniinii.Minister of State and Deputy

Prime Minister of Turkev

Q.:Your Excellency, nearly thirty yearsago you came to Trieste at the Centrerecently created by Professor AbdusSalam, as a Visiting Professor. You arenow a distinguished member of the ThirdWorld Network of ScientificOrganizations (TWNSO) and Ministerof State and Deputy Prime Minister ofTurkey. You occupy a very high positionin your country. Since your first visit,Abdus Salam has won the Nobel Prize in1,979 and has created a complex ofscientific institutions in Trieste: theInternational Centre for TheoreticalPhysics (ICTP), the Third WorldAcademy of Sciences (TWAS) and theInternational Centre for Science andHigh Technology (ICS). Two theoreticalphysicists with apparently differentdestinies. Can one discern, according toyou, any convergence in these twoexceptional careers?R.:Let me first of all express my

admiration for the accomplishments ofAbdus Salam. I met him at the PrincetonInstitute for Advanced Studies where hecame to work after obtaining his Ph.D. inCambridge. I was in the same instituteafter my graduation at the CaliforniaInstitute of Technology. There we hadmany discussions on the futurecollaboration in research amongphysicists from developing countries.After Princeton, I returned to Turkey andwas appointed at the Middle EastUniversity in Ankara where I taughttheoretical physics and carried outresearch. Abdus Salam came to visit usfrom the Imperial College in Londonwhere he had moved in the meantime. Itis at that time that he conceived the ideaof creating an international centre fortheoretical physics which would act as anucleus for developing fundamentalscience in the Third World. I saw hisendeavour grow year after year while, atthe same time, he was pursuing hisresearch in theoretical physics.

As for myself, I have dedicated myefforts to the development of science inmy country. I have worked in severaluniversities and have always enjoyedcollaborating with Abdus Sakim in hisactivities at the Imperial College or at theCentre of Trieste. I have been in politicsfor ten years. In this capacity, I have triedto contribute to the democraticdevelopment of my country. This is along story. After the last election I wascalled to take part in the Government.This gave me the specific enjoyment ofbeing in a position to do something forthe development of science andtechnology in my country from theviewpoint of a Governmentrepresentative. This is another possibilityfor acting in the direction of thedevelopment of science. This type ofwork in fact complements the action ofthe great centres of the world and, inparticular, that of the International Centrefor Theoretical Physics under the brilliantleadership of Abdus Salam. I believe thatinternational centres, nationalinstitutions, and governments mustcollaborate in order to develop science allover the world. This is one way tocontribute to improvingthe well-being ofmankind, to reap the highest benefitsfrom natural resources without usingthem up. Science must be used for thewelfare of people, for their happiness andfor their continued existence on this

News from ICTP - No. 68i69 -March/April1993

planet. In this sense all these activitiescomplement each other. Scienceprovides the knowledge while politics indemocratic countries assesses the needsof the people. Many of the answers tothese needs are based on scientificknowledge. Therefore scientific activityand politics complement each other. Forthis reason I feel very happy today invisiting the ICTP and enjoying thecompany of Professor Abdus Salam.Q.:Was your training as a theoreticalphysicist an advantage or a drawback inyour political career?R.: Politics is an entirely free enterprisein the sense that you are allowed to useany potentiality you possess, whateveryour merits or whatever experience youhave accumulated in your life. People donot ask where these potentialities comefrom, they only want and expect a greatsuccess in your present work. I believethat it helps very much if one has a soundbackground in positive science whichkeeps one in touch with the physicalworld. This helps in realizing one's ideasand good intentions for the people fromone'scountry and from all over the world,it is important that utopias have a physicalbasis and therefore politicians must havea sort of background based on physics,engineering, physical understanding oron something solid.Q.:One of the initiatives of TWNSO isthe creation of a network of internationalcentres for high technology andenvironment in the countries of the ThirdWorld. This initiative was discussedunder your chairmanship at the FourthGeneral Conference of TWAS in Kuwait.Are there, according to you, good reasonsfor being optimistic for thematerialization of this project?R.:I am certainly optimistic and thereason for this is the example of Triestewirh the ICTP. TWAS and theInternational Centre for Science andHigh Technology. I remember quite wellhow Abdus Salam strove to make stepsforward in getting the ICTP establishedand in cultivating such an utopia.Creating a centre of international reputewhich was based on intellectualresources from the Third World was thenthought as an impossible dream. Thisdream is now a reality and it is providingbenefits not only to the developingcountries but also to Trieste, Italy, thephysics of Europe and of the world. In thesame way, there will be difficulties at the

Professor Abdus Salam, Director, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, and theDeputy Prime Minister of Turkey, Prof. Erdal Indnil.

beginning in the creation of a chain ofcentres as conceived by Abdus Salam. Itwill take some time to call the meansrequired, the local governments and theinternational funding agencies. But I amconvinced that the project will succeedfor the benefit of the scientificcommunity in general and, above all, forthe Third World and that it will result ina better understanding among people.Politicians talk about the New Order andthis New Order will be better than the oldone if it is based upon sound knowledge,good will among people and if it issupported by the common efforts of meneverywhere. One finds such men of goodwill in international centres, youngscientists who are there to develop theirpotentialities or to work for helping theirown peoples. This is why I am quiteoptimistic.

A.M. Hamende

Conferences and Lectures

Dr. M. Kirane, a Post-doctoralstudent of the ICTP MathematicsResearch Group, gave the seminar"Asymptotic behaviour for a systemdescribing epidemics with migration andspatial spread of infection" at theDepartment of Mathematics of theUniversity of Pavia, Italy, on 3L March.

Go West Fellowships

The ICTP will host a new programmecalled "Go West" which is a fellowshipprogramme sponsored by theCommission of European Communities.

These fellowships are awarded forthree months and are distributed withinone calendar year. Fellowships will startas of April and continue throughout theyear. Each fellow has been assigned to aspecific scientific group which will be incharge of the fellow during the period ofstay. •

Visits to ICTP

A delegation led by Prof. Kawata,Director of Planning of the JapaneseAtomic Energy Research Institute,visited the International Centre forTheoretical Physics (ICTP) on 1 AprilL993. The Director also met Prof. L.Bertocchi, the Deputy Director of theCentre. as well as the ScientificInformation Officer, to discuss mattersof mutual interest including mattersrelated with research planning and theadministrative set-up of the Centre. Thedelegation later visited the laboratoriesand the Library of the Centre in theafternoon. •


Dorothy C. Hodgkin (UK), 1964"for her determinations by X-raytechni4ues of the structures of importantbiochemical substances ".Date of visit:1988. October i -7.

Thifi-five NobeI Laureateshave visited the ICTPsince 1964.The citations for the Prizeand dates of their visitsere given for five of themin this issue. Robert Huber (Germany), 1988

"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosyntheticreaction centre",Date of visit:7988, September 72 - October 7.

Leo Esaki (Japan), 1973"for his experimental discovery oftunnelling in semiconductors".Date of visit:1988, August 8 -12.

Kai Manne Biirje Siegbahn (Sweden),1981"for his contributions to the development ofhigh-resolution electron spectroscopy".Date of visit:1988, 6-TDecember.

Rita Levi-Montalcini Qtaly), 1986"for her work on growth factors".Date of visit:1988, October 3-7.


Ecologists Attend Introductory Course onMathematical Cornputer Modelling

A week-long Introductory Course ofMathematical and Computer Modellingfor Ecologists in Africa was held between1-9 December 'J.992 at the ScienceFaculty of the Addis Ababa University,Ethiopia.

Attended by scientists from sixAfrican countries (Ethiopia, Ghana,Uganda, Congo, Tanzania and Kenya),the Course focussed on aspectsconcerning mathematical and computertechniques for analyzing and solvingenvironmental problems related tosustainable development activities. TheCourse served the following threeobjectives:- To bring together scientists working

in the field of Biology, Medicine,Agriculture, Statistics, Mathematics,Environmental Physics,Environmental Chemistry,Economics, Geography, Sociology,Environment Management, etc. inorder to enhance multidisciplinaryapproaches to solving ecologicalproblems in Africa;

- to introduce the present role ofMathematical and ComputerModelling in carrying out ecological/environmental /developmentalinvestigations in Africa; and

- to encourage the inclusion ofMathematical Ecology in thecurricula of African institutions ofhigher learning in Biological andSocial Sciences.The Course offered theoretical.

methodological and technical aspects ofconservation, epidemiology, resourcemanagement, water quality managementand introductory mathematics, conceptsof modelling and their practical utilityeither in research and training or in anyother venture in order to approachprobiematic environmental issues.

Topics that were covered within theduration include:Ecology, conservation and resources(Lecturer: Tewolde Berhan G.E.,A.A.U., Ethiopia)a. Ecological problems in tropical areas.b. Conservation and applied ecology in

the Tropics.Epidemiology (Lecturer: L.S. Luboobi,Makerere University, Uganda)

Introduction to epidemiologicalmodelling.SI and SIR models. .SIS and SIRS models.Sexually transmitted diseases.

Introductory mathematics (Ircturer: I.K.Dontwi, University of Kumasi, Ghana)

Introduction to modelling,population models and framework ofmodelling.Linear and first order differentialequations.Simple interacting populations andequilibrium analysis,

d. Stability and classifications.

a.

b.

c.

e. Prey-predator models/competition/epidemics.

Ecological data analysis (Lecturer: SunChen Yong, IIEM, Trieste, Italy)a. Analysisofecologicalspace(IandII)b. Modelling vegetation climate

interactions.c. Presentation of multivariate data

analysis software (I and II).Multivariate data analysis techniques(Lecturer: Zerihun Woldu, A.A.U.,Ethiopia)a. Ordination methods and data analysis

(I and II).b Demonstrations of computer

utilization and data analysis.Environmental problems and life(Lecturer: Kiflemariam Melake, E.A.U.,Ethiopia)a. Ecological perspectives of

environmental problems and life.b. Drought problems and models for

drought monitoring.c. "Drought hypothesis" and rates of

environmental changes.

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- New & Renewable Sources of Energy- Fossil Fuels and Clean Fuel Technologies- Environmental Control and Waste Recycling- Energy Policies and Economics

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CONTACT Mr. Duk-Yung Jung, Secretary for ENERGEX '93ENERGEX '93 Secretariat, KIERP.O. Box 77 Taedok Science Town. Taeion 305-343Republic of KoreaTel 042-861-6230 Fax: 042-861'-6231 Tlx: KIEREL K45507

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d. Ecological monitoring, managementand "Information Theory".

Weather models and long rangeforecasting (Lecturer: J.G. Wairoto,Meteorology Department, Kenya)a. The area balancing figure in Periodic

Area Balancing (PAB) technique.b. Basic theory on Periodic Area

Balancing (PAB) technique.c. Demonstrations of the New Area

Calculation Method (NACM) andmajor error sources of the PAB.

Environment and bio-physicalphenomena (Lecturer: A. Elion-Mboussa, DGRST/ORSTOM, Congo)a. Dispersion dynamics of two species

in a heterogeneous space andperiodically fluctuating environment(I and II).This introductory course enabled to

introdrq;: the role of Mathematical andComputer Modelling in training,research and proactive or reactivemeasures to tackle ecological problems.It also facilitated the get together of agroup of African scientists from variousdifferent disciplines.

A total of 26 scientists and onesupportive staff attended the course. Thisrepresented -70% of the total 37 invitedand expected number of speakers andparticipants from Africa and Europe.

The International Centre for Scienceand High Technology (ICS), the SwedishAgency for Research Cooperation toDeveloping Countries (SAREC) and theOffice for External Activities (ICTP)have participated jointly in organ2ingthe Course.

This opportunity created an academicarea which facilitated mutualunderstanding among the participantsand by and large they all unreservedlysupported the proposed multi-disciplinary approach to ecologicalproblems. •

BANGI-ADESH MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY

NINTH MATHEMATICAL CONFERENCEUNIVERSITY OF RAJSHAHI

1.4-1.6 NOVEMBER 1993

FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT

The Bangladesh Mathematical Society is organizing a three-day conference onMathematics to be held on L4-16 November, 1993, at Rajshahi University,Rajshahi. The Conference is co-sponsored by the University of Rajshahi.

The subject matter of the conference will be broadly divided into:

PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICSAPPLICABLE MATHEMATICS

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS

A number of distinguished mathematicians from abroad are expected toparticipate in the Conference. Abstracts of papers are invited so as to reach theSecretary, Bangladesh Mathematical Society, or the Secretary of theOrganizing Committee by May L5,1993, and the papers in full by July L5,1993.For additional information, please write to the Secretary, BangladeshMathematical Society, or the Secretary of the Organizing Committee.

Professor Farrukh KhalilPresidentOrgantzing Committee andBangladesh Mathematical Society

Professor Aminul Hoque BegSecretaryOrganizing CommitteeNinth Mathematical ConferenceDepartment of MathematicsUniversity of RajshahiRajshahi, Bangladesh.Phone No.: Res: (0721)4465

Ott: 3041-491418

Mr. Shamsul Huq MollaSecretaryBangladesh Mathematical SocietyDepartment of MathematicsUniversity of DhakaDhaka, Bangladesh.Phone No.: Res: (02) 505299

Off: (02) 503201.

A New High TechLaboratory in Ghana

The Regional Laser and Fibre OpticsCentre (RLFOC) of the University ofCape Coast, Ghana, was officiallyinaugurated during a ceremony whichtook place on 25 March 1993. TheRLFOC is a research as well as a traininginstitution which will serve the West-African region and which is focusing itsactivity on training science graduates. ItsStaff and facilities will contribute topromoting research and fostering theexchange of ideas, scientific techniquesand professional skills within the region,in the field of optical physics. Engineers,medical personnel and scientists as wellas other professionals in biomedicine,environmental studies, communications,industry and scientific instrumentationwill be offered opportunities for training.Dr. P.K. Buah-Bassuah is the co-ordinator of RLFOC.

This new institution has close linkswith the International Centre forTheoretical Physics (ICTP) of Triesteand, in particular, with the ICTP LaserGroup. Established in 1991, it became anAffiliated Centre of the ICTP in 1992.Through this affiliation status which wasconferred upon recommendation of theCommittee of the ICTP Office ofExternal Activities. the RLFOC isentitled to five annual grants from theICTP which should enable it to initiateprogrammes for research and training atthe Ph.D. level. RLFOC also maintainsclose connections with another affiliatedcentre, the Department of Physics of theCheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar,


Senegal, which conducts research onlaser spectroscopy and applications oflaser in medicine and environment.

Prof. G. Denardo. Head of the ICTPOffice of External Activities andcollaborator of the Third WorldAcademy of Sciences (TWAS), attendedthe inauguration ceremony uponinvitation of Prof. F.K.A. Allotey,TWAS Fellow and Chairman of theGhana Atomic Energy Commission.During his visit, he was received byseveral Members of the GhaneanGovernment with whom he discussedfurther possibilities of collaborationbetween the Ghanean scientificcommunity with the institutions inTrieste (TWAS, ICTP and theInternational Centre for Science andHighTechnology-ICS). O

ObituaryProf. Polykarp Kusch

Professor Polykarp Kusch, who wonthe 1955 Nobel Prize in Physics for hiscontribution to understanding theinternal mechanism of the atom. diedafter a long illness at his home in Dallas,Texas, USA, on March 20, aged 82. Hewas born in Blankenburg, Germany, onJanuary 26,1,91,1,. Prof. Kusch, the son ofa Lutheran missionary, had been taken tothe United States as an infant and spentthe first few fears of his life moving fromtoWn to town in the Mid-West. After thefamily finally settled in Cleveland, Ohio,he gained a science degree from the CaseSctool of Applied Science, later gettinga Ph.D. from the University of lllinois,where he taught for some years. With theoutbleak of the second world war. Kusch

continued on Page 7j

Awards

" A Ugandan scientist, Dr. AlexTindimubona, has won the 1992UNBSCO[nternational Science PolicyFoundation Swraj Paul Award for thepromotion of science and technologypolicy. Dr. Tindimubona, 42, won thepractical achievement award for hisresearch and writing on the developmentof a science culture in Africa. He sharedthe honor with Prof. Fred Jevons ofAustralia who won the theoreticalachievement award for his contributionto the development of science poticystudies.

Dr. Tindimubona's research. carriedout at the Nairobi-based AfricanAcademy of Sciences, concluded that thekey to science-driven development lay inthe deliberate embrace of science byAfrican societies and its incorporationinto their cultural traditions andpractices. He has undertaken theoreticalwork to articulate the concept of sciencecuhure, which has led to the creation ofan action program at the AfricanAcademy of Science.

This program aims at promoting ascience culture in Africa through writingand publishing textbooks, studying theevolution of science and technology inAfrica, drawing up models for thepopularization of science on thecontinent, and putting together anAfrican encyclopaedia of the socialsciences. A continent-wide effort is nowbringing together scholars andpractitioners from many disciplines todevelop and spread these ideas.

Born in Kigezi, Western Uganda, Dr.Tindimubona had his early education atNtare School in Uganda, the Universityof Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania, and theUniversity of Alberta in Canada where heobtained a Ph.D. in quantum chemistry.From 1980 to 1988. Dr. Tindimubonalectured at the University of Nairobi,then joined the lffrican Academy ofSciences in 1989 as a program officerandassociate editor of its joumal, Discoveryand Innovation. In January 1993, Dr.Tindimubona returned to Uganda to

continue his promotion of science andtechnology for development through theAfrican Science and TechnologyExchange (ASTEX).

Each Swraj Paul laureate receives1,000 pounds sterling and a certificate.

• Roald Sagdeev, distinguishedprofessor of physics and director of theEast-West Space Science Center at theUniversity of Maryland, has beenawarded the John T. Tate InternationalAward for distinguished service to theprofession of physics from the AmericanInstitute of Physics. The prize cites his"pivotal contributions to thedevelopment of the space physicsprogramme in the former Soviet Unionand his leadership in supporting andadvancing broad international co-operation in the study of physicalphenomena in space".

• Victor Weisskopf,emeritusprofessorof physics at the MIT, has been awardedthe Compton Award of the AmericanInstitute of Physics for "his leadershipthroughout the world in advancingscience, in promoting peace and inseeking solutions to world problems".

• The 1993 King Faisal InternationalPrize for Science has been awarded toHerbert Walther and Steven Chu for theirwork in quantum optics. The $93 000science prize rotates annually betweenbiology, physics, mathematics andchemistry. Walther, who is director of theMax Planck Institute for Quantum Opticsand a professor of physics at MunichUniversity, pioneered the field ofquantum optics with his investigations offundamental quantum phenomena,notably by trapping single photons andstudying their quantum mechanicalcharacteristics in a vacuum. Chu, whochairs the physics department at StanfordUniversity, developed a technique ofoptical cooling and trapping for singlepositronium and muonium atoms andhence has been able to study delicatesystems in experimental quantum optics.

10

News from ICTP - No. 68169 - March/April 1993

Activities at ICTPin March-April 1993

Title: WONRSNOP ON SCRENRRFRC

ASPECTS OF THE RURAL COMMUNICATIONS IN

DEYELORTNG COUNTRRES, 1 - 5 March.

Sponsors and financial supporters:International TelecommunicationsUnion (ITU)-TelecommunicationsDevelopment Bureau, InternationalUnion of Radio Science (URSI) andItalian National Institute of Geophysics.

Organizer: Professor S.M. Radicella(Programa Nacional deRadiopropagaci6n, PRONARP, BuenosAires, Argentina, and ICTP).

Lectures: Human development andtelecommunications: a frame ofreference. Radio spectrum managementfor rural telecommunications. Reportsoncountries' experience in ruralcommunications (Brazil, China,Argentina, Nigeria, Sudan). Electronicatlas of VHF/UHF propagation forAfrica. HFA/HF radio systems for rural-remote area telecommunications. Lowavailability systems for satellitecommunications. Economics andtelecommunications in developingcountries.

Round table discussion: Scientificand technical aspects of ruralcommunications.

Visit to a factory.Free time for library consultation.

The Workshop was attended by 48lecturers and participants (46 fromdeveloping countries).

Title: APNRERRCO RNSSANCU

CONPBNSNCN ON QUANTUM

TNTERFEROMETIV, 2 - 5 March.Co-sponsored by the Commission of

the European Communities, GruppoNazionale di Elettronica Quantistica ePlasmi del Consiglio Nazionale delleRicerche (Italy), OsterreichischeForschungsgemeinschaft, andInternational School for AdvancedStudies (SISSA).

Organizing Committee: ProfessorsS. Lundqvist (Chairperson; ChalmersUniversity of Technology, Gciteborg,Sweden, and ICTP), H. Cerdeira (Co-chairperson; Universidade Estadual deCampinas, UNICAMP, Campinas,

Brazll, and ICTP), E. Tosatti(International School for AdvancedStudies, SISSA, Trieste, Italy, andICTP), M. Tosi (Scuola NormaleSuperiore, Pisa, Italy) and Yu Lu(Academia Sinica, Beijing, P.R. China,and ICTP).

Organizers: Professors F. DeMartini (Universitd "La Sapienza",Rome, Italy), G. Denardo (ICTP) and A.Zeilinger (Universitiit Innsbruck,Austria).

Lectures: Configuration spacecoupling in neutron interferometry. Ioninterferometry and many-photonexchange of neutrons. Manipulation ofquantum fields in a cavity by atomicinterferometry. Optical tests of quantummechanics. Extensions of Bell theorem,and proposals for new tests. Two-particlefringes dependent on the sum of thecoordinates. Space-time correlations inphotonic tunnelling. Diffraction andinterference of atoms. Fun with thesuperposition principle. Electronholography: utilizing the phase ofelectron waves for structure analysis atatomic dimensions. Electron holographyand its applications to flux lineobservation. Experiments with aseparated beam atom interferometer.Back-action evasion measurements in aPenning trap. Coherence,indistinguishability, and theinterpretation of the quantum state.Quantum interferometry in quantumcryptography. Quantum interference andcommunication. Advanced-waveinterpretation and classical aspects ofmultiphoton interference. Two photoninterference phenomena: quantumeraser, dispersion-cancellation, theFranson experiment, and photonpropagation through tunnelling barriers.Microcavity generation of pureN-photonstates: the single-particle quantum-eraser. Negative probabilities in quantummechanics. Recent work on dynamicalreduction: achievements andexpectations. Electron interferometryand holography of electrostatic fields.The one-atom maser as a which-waydetector. Realizations of the EPRparadox using high-intensity fields.Experimental realisations of QNDmeasurements. Physical origins of lossof interference in Welcher Wegdetection. Precision measurements usingatomic interferometry.

Poster sessions.

The Conference was attended by 75lecturers and participants (22 fromdeveloping countries).

Title: CONRNNENCE ON "HRCHLRCR{TS OF

PARTICLE AND CONDENSED MATTER PTIYSICS,',

8 - 1 2 March.Organizers: Professors A. Ali

(DESY, Hamburg, Germany), D. Amati(International School for AdvancedStudies, SISSA, Trieste, Italy), J. Ellis(CERN, Geneva, Switzerland), S.Randjbar-Daemi (ICTP) and Yu Lu(rcrP).

Lectures: An experimentalist'soverview of the rise and triumphs of thestandard model. Beyond the standardmodel. Experimental results on B decays.Recent advances in flavour physics:theoretical aspects. Conformal symmetryand quantum space time. Fractionalquantum numbers and gauge forces incondensed matter: parallels with thestandard model. Electronic transport intwo-dimensional, one-dimensional andzero-dimensional semiconductorsystems. Point-like structure in stringtheory. Unified models based onGrassmann co-ordinates. Unity withSU(4)-colour — twenty years later.Singularities and string theory. Thedawning of gauge-theory. Spin systemsand sigma models. The APE project:numerical simulation of QCD andparallel computing. Carbon 60. Physicsat HERA: present status and futureprospects. The physics of small-x-behaviour in QCD. Experimental studiesof CP violation and rare decays.Scientific activity at Gran Sasso (Italy).Solar neutrinos. Dark matter and massiveneutrinos. Novel superconductors. Thesky is the limit. Gravity effects fromsuperstrings. Twenty years of the Weylanomaly. Kappa symmetry andsupergravities in diverse dimensions.Particle physics in non-commutativegeometry. W strings. Two-dimensionalQCD as a string theory. Dynamicalelectroweak breaking: issues andchallenges. Neutrinos and cosmology. Isbaryon number conserved? Electroweakanswer after 20 years. Genesis of unifiedgauge theories — personal recollectionsfrom Imperial.

The Conference was attended by 111lecturers and participants (50 fromdeveloping countries).

11


Workshop on representation theory of Lie groups, 15 March - 2 April.

Title: WOMSHOP ON REPRESENTATIONRRMONY ON LM CROUPS, 15 March-2 April.

Organizers: Professors J.H.Rawnsley (University of Warwick, UK)andJ.A.Tirao(Centrode Invest igaci6nyEstudios de Matem6tica, C6rdoba,Argentina).

Lectures: Hopf algebras.Representation theory of Kac-Moodyalgebras and G/B. Star products andquantum groups. A1l around square rootsof fields and massless particles.Deformation quantization. Algebraic D-modules and representation theory ofsemi-simple Lie groups. Deformations,closed star products and cycliccohomology. Unitary irreduciblerepresentations of semisimple Liegroups. Unipotent representations andthe reductive dual pairs correspondence.*-products on Kiihler manifolds. LiePoisson structures and theirlinearisability. Representation theory ofKac-Moody algebras and G/B. Onrepresentations of quantum groups.Representations of Lie groups and thegeometry of flag manifolds. Anintroduction to quantum groups.Unipotent representations and thereductive dual pairs correspondence.Unitarizable representations of the

conformal quantum group at roots of 1.Algebraic aspects of Yang-Baxterequations. The resolvent of the Laplacianon negatively curved locally symmetricspaces of finite volume. On quantizationof representations at roots of unity.Spherical functions on certain non-symmetric harmonic manifolds.

Directors' Report: The Workshopwas the second on the RepresentationTheory of Lie Groups and Applicationsheld at the ICTP after an interval of morethan six years following on from aCollege held in 1985 and a Workshop in1986. In the intervening years aWorkshop on the same subject was heldin 1989 in C6rdoba, Argentina, supportedpartially by the ICTP. Plans are underway to hold another in the series inC6rdoba in 1995.

The purpose of the Workshop was topresent the latest results inRepresentation Theory to the group ofpeople which the previous meetings hadidentified as actively working in this fieldand to introduce them to the related areaof Quantum Groups through deformationtheory.

There were 72 participants from 26different countries.

The Workshop consisted of 4 lectures

per day for 3 weeks with informalseminars after the lectures where it waspossible for the participants to presenttheir own work. With a well spaced outprogramme there was ample opportunityfor contacts to be made between lectures.The lectures had substantial audiencesthroughout. Some of the morespecialized lectures were intended forexperts in the subject and drew smalleraudiences.

The lecture courses were allaccompanied by notes which weredistributed during the Workshop. Severalsets of notes were produced using theexcellent TeX facilities provided by theICTP.

A special session was held in whichthe lecturers presented open problems intheir field which would be especiallysuitable for the participants to work on.

The average standard of theapplications to participate in theWorkshop was noticeably higher frommany countries than for the previousworkshops at the ICTP. About half of theparticipants were from the previousmeetings in the series who have beenactive in the field in the intervening years,and the other half represent new contactswith mathematicians in developing

12


countries including several in countrieswhich were not represented before.

The topics covered in the Workshopwere the representation theory ofsemisimple Lie groups and the structureand representation theory of quantumgroups. These are closely related andmany people are working in both fieldsand attending the same lecture courses.

The scientific facilities at the ICTPare first class, particularly the Library,and participants were encouraged tomake full use of the opportunity to obtainresearch materials to enable them tocontinue working in the subject afterreturning home.

We take the opportunity to thankProf. Salam and the ICTP for makingpossible the organization of thisWorkshop, in particular we are verygrateful to the Mathematics Section forall the help received.

JohnH. Rawnsley, University of WarwickJuan A. Tirao, Universidad de C6rdoba

The Workshop was attended by 72lecturers and participants (50 fromdeveloping countries).

Title: SPNRNC SCROOR ANP WOMSUOP

ON STRING THEORY, GAUGE THEORY AND

eUANTUM GRAVTTY, 1 9 - 2 9 A p r i l .

Organizers: Professors R. Dijkgraaf(University of Amsterdam, TheNetherlands), R. Iengo (InternationalSchool for Advanced Studies, SISSA,Trieste, Italy), I. Klebanov (PrincetonUniversity, USA), K.S. Narain (ICTP)and S. Randjbar-Daemi (ICTP).

Lectures: Constructive quantizationof black holes. Batalin-Vilkoviskyquantization of string theories. Highenergy scattering and quantum blackholes. Developments in 2d string theory.Topics in topological field theory. Matrixmodels and strings. Is space-time discretein 2+1 dimensional gravily? Topics inmulti-colour QCD. Exact results for N=2theories. Towards a string theory ofQCD.

The School and Workshop wereattended by 155 lecturers and participants(52 from developing countries).

Title: IN-RNNXARRONAR- SYMPOSRUM ON

..INTRACELLULAR CHANNEIS, ORGANELLES

AND CELL FLRNCTRON", 21, - 23 April.

In co-operation with the International

School for Advanced Sfudies, SISSA,Trieste, Italy.

Organizing Committee: ProfessorsA. Cattaneo (SISSA), E. Cherubini(SISSA), A. Falaschi (InternationalCentre for Genetic Engineering andBiotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy),O. Moran (Instituto Intrnacional deEstudios Avanzados, Caracas,Venezuela), A. Nistri (SISSA), R.Rahamimoff (Hebrew University,Jerusalem, Israel), F.Ruzzier (Universityof Trieste, Italy) and M.C. Sorgato(University of Padua, Italy).

Scientific Advisory Committee:Professors M.J. Berridge (University ofCambridge, UK), H. Betz (Max-Planck-Institut fiir Hirnforschung, Frankfurt,Germany), E. Carafoli (EidgenossischeTechnische Hochschule, Zarich,Switzerland), E. Cherubini (SISSA), F.Conti (Istituto di Cibernetica e Biofisica,Genoa, Italy), R. Latorre (Centro deEstudios Cientificos, Santiago, Chile), J.Meldolesi (University of Milan, Italy),C. Miller (Brandeis University,Waltham, USA), O. Moran (InstitutoIntrnacional de Estudios Avanzados,Caracas, Venezuela), E. Neher (Max-Planck-Institut fiir BiophysikalischeChemie, Gottingen-Nikolausberg,Germany), R. Rahamimoff (HebrewUniversity, Jerusalem, Israel) and M.C.Sorgato (University of Padua, Italy).

Lectures: Intracellular calciumchannels and calcium spiking. Molecularbiology of the IP, receptor.Electrophysiology of ER and SR Ca2*

release channels. Domain recognized byanti-ryanodinereceptorantibodies whichaffect Ca2*-induced Ca2* release.Calcium activated K* channels. Qualitycontrol of newly synthetisedimmunoglobulins. Relationshipsbetween endoplasmic and sarcoplasmicreticulum. Widespread pattern ofexpression of the genes for threeryanodine receptors in mouse tissues andcell lines. Regulation of the outermitochondrial membrane channel,VDAC. Electrophysiology of the innermitochondrial membrane. Translocationof proteins across the outer and innermitochondrial membranes. ATP controlsnucleo-cytoplasmic passive traffic in insitu nuclei of Xenopus oocytes. Passiveand mediated transport across the nuclearenvelope. Towards the 3-D molecularstructure of the nuclear pore complex.Effect of basic peptides on the

mitochondrial outer membrane cationicchannel. Can a protein catalyse its owninsertion into a membrane? Innermitochondrial membrane channelsactivities. New frontiers in ion imaging:local control of Ca2* and Na*.Neurotransmitters release from nerveterminals: a Caz* rcgulated multiproteinprocess. Traffic of synaptic vesicles inneurons and endocrine cells. Cellular,intracellular and membrane oscillationsin presynaptic nerye terminals. Controlof synaptic vesicle cycling by GTP-binding proteins. Three distinct fusionprocesses during eosinophildegranulation. A diffusible messengerreleased by emptying of intracellularcalcium stores.

Round Tables: Structural andfunctional homologies of ER and SRmembranes. Function of nuclear andmitochondrial channels.

General discussion: The ryanodinereceptor.

Poster sessions.

The Symposium was attended by 1,44lecturers and participants (14 fromdeveloping countries). a

Prof. Polyknrp Kusch —continued from Page 10

joined the Radiation Laboratory of theNational Defence Research Committee,working on the high-frequencyoscillators that were to have importantapplications in the field of radars.

He moved to Bell TelephoneLaboratories in 1944, spending two yearson the development of vacuum tubes andmicrowave generators, and then joinedthe faculty of Columbia University wherehe taught until 1971 before moving to theUniversity of Texas at Dallas. He retiredin 1982. Prof. Polykarp Kusch is survivedbv his wife and five daushters. •

l3


Calendar of Activities at ICTPin 1993

1993

Sixth Workshop on perspectives in nuclear physics at intermediate energies 3 - 7 May

Workshop on qualitative aspects and applications of nonlinear evolution e q u a t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 -14 May

Course on ocean-atmosphere interactions in the Tropics 10 - 29 May

College on computational physics 17 May - 11 June

Spring College on plasma physics 17 May - 11 June

Summer School in high energy physics and cosmology 14 June - 30 July

including

Third School on non-accelerator particle astrophysics 28 June-9 July

Mini workshop on strongly correlated electron systems 21 June - 9 July

Research Workshop in condensed matter, atomic and molecular p h y s i c s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 June - 3 September

Adriatico Research Conference on strong correlation phenomena at low carrier density 22-25 June

Adnatico Research Conference on scatteriag from surfaces 6 - 9 July

Workshop on the liquid state of matter: opportunities from new radiation sources ....................19-30 July

Mini workshop on non-linearity: chaos in mesoscopic systems 26 July - 6 August

Adriatico Research Conference on mesoscopic systems and chaos, a novel a p p r o a c h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 6 August

Conference on variational problems in differential geometry and partial differential equations 16 - 20 August

Adriatico Research Conference on vortex fluctuations in high T. s u p e r c o n d u c t o r s . . . . . . . . . . , . , . , . 1 7 - 20 August

Working Party on mechanical properties of interfaces 23 August-3 September

Workshop on materials science and physics of non-conventional energy sources 30 August -17 September

Course on geometric phases 6 —17 September

College on soil physics 6-24 September

Second Workshop on composite media and homogenizatton 20 September - 1 October

Workshop on telematics 27 September - 22 October

Conference on the origin of life 25-29 October

Second School on the use of synchrotron radiation in science and technology:

"John Fuggle Memorial" 25 October -19 November

Second Workshop on non-linear dynamics and earthquake prediction 22 November - L0 December

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1994

IcTP-UNu-Microprocessor Laboratory: Third Course on basic VLSI techniques 10 January - 4 February

5th Training College on physics and applications of lasers and optical f i b r e s . . . . . . 2 4 Janaary -11 February

Follow-up to the Workshop on preparation of radiomaritime master plans

for English-speaking African countries • „ 7-18 February

College on physics of archaeometry and preservation of work of ar 1.................7 -25 February

Winter College on quantum optics 14 February — 4 March

Workshop on study of atmospheric interactions by remote sensing 21 February-4 March

Workshop on science and technology of thin films 7-25 March

Workshop on fluid mechanics „ 7 — 25 March

Workshop on radiation protection in diagnostic radiology 16 - 25 March

Spring School and Workshop on string theory, gauge theory and quantum g r a v i t y t l - 22 April

Workshop on nuclear reactors — physics, design and safety 11 April - 13 May

Spring College on quantum phases 3 May -10 June

International Monsoon Conference 9 - 13 May

Workshop on commutative algebra and its relation to combinatorics and computer aIgebra 16 - 27 l'day

Workshop on air pollution modelling for environmental impact a s s e s s m e n t . . . 1 6 May - 3 June

Summer School in high energy physics and cosmology 13 June - 29 July

Workshop on the search for new elementary particles (dates to be fixed)

Research Workshop on condensed matter physics 13 June -19 August

Submicron quantum dynamics (Adriatic*) Research Conference) 14 -17 June

Miniworkshop on submicron quantum dynamics 20 June - 1 July

Miniworkshop on quantum phase transitions 4 - 29 July

Cooperative phenomena in many-electron systems and their response to external fields

(Adriatic*.) Research Conference) 26 — 29 July

Miniworkshop on non-linear electromagnetic interactions in semiconductors 1 -12 August

Advanced Workshop on algebraic geometry 15 - 26 August

15


Conference on chemical evolution and the origin of life 29 August - 2 September

International Workshop on parallel processing and its applications in physics,

chemistry and material science 5 - 23 September

College on medical physics: imaging, instrumentation and dose-reduction techniques 12 - 30 September

Third College on microprocessor-based real-time control — principles and

applications in physics 26 September - 21 October

3rd Trieste Conference on recent developments in the phenomenology of particle p h y s i c s . . . . . . 3 - 7 October

College in biophysics: experimental and theoretical aspects of b i o m o l e c u l e s . . . . . . 3 - 28 October

Workshop on variational and local methods in the study of Hamiltonian s y s t e m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 - 28 October

Fourth Autumn Course on mathematical ecology 24 October - 11 November

Suivi de I'atelier sur la pr6paration des plans directeurs radio-maritimes

pour les pays africains francophones 31 October - 11 November

Second Workshop on three-dimensional modelling of seismic waves generation,

propagation and their inversion 7-18 November

International Conference on mathematical ecology 14 -18 November

Experimental Workshop on high temperature superconductivity (basic activities) 14 November - 2 December

For information and applications to courses, kindly write to the Scienffic Programme Office.

International Centre for Theoretical Physicsof IAEA and UNESCOP.O. Box 58634100 TriesteItaly

Telephone: (40) 22401Cable: CENTRATOMTelex: 460392 ICTP ITelefax: (40) 224163

E-mail: [email protected]

EDITORIAL NOTE - News from ICTP is not an official document of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics. Its purpose is to keepscientists informed on past and future activities at the Centre and initiatives in their home countries. Suggestionsandcriticismsshouldbeaddressedto Dr. M. Farooque, Scientific Information Officer.

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