NEBOSH

International Health and Safety at Work

IGC11. Foundations in Health and Safety

2. Health and Safety Management Systems 1-Policy

3. Health and Safety Management Systems 2- Organizing

4. Health and Safety Management Systems 3- Planning

5. Health and Safety Management Systems 4- Measuring,

Audit and Review

IGC26. Work Place hazards and Risk Control

7. Transport Hazards and Risk Control

8. Musculoskeletal hazards and risk Control

9. Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control

10. Electrical Safety

11. Fire Safety

12. Chemical and Biological Health hazards and risk control

13. Physical and Psychological health hazards and risk control

1. Foundations in Health and SafetyThis Chapter

1. Outline the Scope and nature of Occupational health

and safety.

2. Explain the Moral, Social and economic reasons for

maintaining and promoting good standards of health

and safety in the workplace.

3. Explain the role of national governments and

international bodies in formulating a framework for the

regulation of health and safety.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety

1.1.1 IntroductionOccupational health and safety is relevant to all

branches of industry Business and commerce including

information technology companies Hospitals Care homes Schools Universities Leisure facilities and offices.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety In Low hazard organization H&S may be

supervised by a single competent ManagerIn High hazard manufacturing industry (e.g.

plant) many different occupations ( electrical, mechanical, civil engineers, technicians, lawyers, teachers, doctors, nurses, may be needed to help the professional H&S practitioner to ensure satisfactory Health and safety standards within the organization.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety Obstacles Pressure of production Performance targetsFinancial constraintsComplexity of Organization IncentivesMoralLegalEconomic

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety Corporate Responsibility Effects it have on EnvironmentHuman Rights World PovertyHealth and SafetyCorporate responsibility covers ways that organization manages

their core business to add social, Environmental, Economic value in order to produce positive, sustainable impact on both society and business itself.

Terms such as ‘Corporate social responsibility’’ ‘Socially responsible business’ and Corporate Citizenship refer to the same concept i.e. Corporate

responsibility..

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety The mission of the UK Health and Safety

Executive (HSE) is to ensure that the risks for the H&S workers are properly controlled.

It also Encourages organizations to 1. Improve H&S management systems to reduce

injuries and ill-Health2. Demonstrate the importance of health and

safety issues at Board level.3. Report publicly on H&S issues within the

organization, including their performance against their targets.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety The HSE believes that effective management of H&S is Vital to employee well beingEnhance reputation and enhance businesses to achieve

high performance teams.Financially beneficial to businesses.

Economic Globalization made the need for Global H&S management while the ISO standard made it important to have a systematic models of occupational H&S management systems. Management science suggests that performance is better in any field if performance is measured and continuous improvement is sought in a organized fashion.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety ILO – International Labor OrganizationWHO- World Health OrganizationUN – United Nation

Estimates that 270 million occupational accidents and 160 Million occupational diseases every year. The ILO estimates that 2 million people die each year as a result to occupational accidents and diseases.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety Work Accidents and injuries relate to 1. Work place violence 2. Work place Skin cancer related to exposure to

Hazardous substances.3. 1984 saw the worst chemical disaster by Killing

2500 people and over 200,000 injured in the space of few hours at Bhopal.

The ILO believes that Safety Management system such as ILO-OSH-2001 provides a powerful sustainable safety and Health culture at organizations.

International Health and Safety is important for workers who travel abroad for Work.

1.1.2 Basic Definitions1. Health: Protection of minds and bodies from risks, and

materials, processes or procedures used at work place.2. Safety: The protection of people from Physical injuries.3. Welfare: The provision of facilities to maintain health and

well-being of individuals at the workplace. ( Washing, sanitation, heating, lighting, rest rooms, easting..etc)

4. Occupational or Work-related ill-Health: Illness or physical and mental disorders that are caused or triggered by workplace activities. This may be induced by the individual activity or by others activities. Time interval can be short or long ( Asthma attacks, or deafness or Cancer)

1.1.2 Basic Definitions5. Environmental Protection : The arrangements

that affects the environment safety as well as others. 9 eg Water, air pollution, Soil..etc).

6. Accident: Any Unplanned incident that result in an injury or ill health of people or damage or loss to property, plant materials or environment or a loss of a business opportunity.

7. Near Miss: This is any incident that could have resulted in an accident. ( Approximately for every 10 near miss incidents in a work place a minor accident will occur.)

1.1.2 Basic Definitions8. Dangerous Occurrence: This is a ‘near miss’ that

could have resulted in a serious injury or loss of life. E.g. collapse of a scaffold or crane, or failure of any passenger carrying equipment.

9. Hazard at risk: A hazard is the potential for a substance, person, activity or process to cause harm. Example is chemical substance, electricity, ladder,A Risk: is a the likelihood of a substance , activity or process to cause harm and its resulting severity.A risk can be reduced and a Hazard can be eliminated or controlled by good management.

Hazard and Risk 10.The two terms are often confused and

activities such as construction are called high risk while its High Hazard. Hazard will continue to be high, risk will be controlled by controlling it. The level of risk still available after controls are being implemented is called Residual-RiskHigh Residual-risk is only available with poor health and safety management and inadequate control measures.