international is0 standard 10241semanticweb.kaist.ac.kr/org/tc37/pdocument/standards/iso...

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

IS0 10241

First edition 1992-12-15

International terminology standards - Preparation and layout

Normes terminologiques intemationales - habora tion et p&en ta tion

Reference number IS0 10241 :I 992(E)

IS0 10241:1992(E)

Contents

Page

Fo reword.. . . _. _. _. _. _. _. _. _. _. _. . . . . . _. _. _. . _. . . . . . . iv

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Scope .......................................................................................................................... 1

Normative references ......................................................................................... 1

Definitions.. ............................................................................................................ 1

Standardization of terminology.. ........................................................... ‘?

Preparation of terminology standards .................................. 2

5.1 Preliminary work.. .......................................................................... 2

5.1 .I Needs analysis.. .................................................................................... 2

5A.2 Target group considerations ............................................................. 2

5.1.3 Subject delimitation .............................................................................. 2

5.1.4 Sources.. ........................................................................................................ 2

5.1.5 Number of concepts .............................................................................. 3

5.1.6 Choice of languages.. ............................................................................. 3

5.1.7 Schedule ..................................................................................................... 3

5.2 Working procedure .................................................................................. 3

52.1 Collecting terminological data ......................................................... 4

52.2 Recording terminological data.. ................................................. 4

5.2.3 Establishing the term list.. ................................................................... 5

5.2.4 Establishing concept fields and concept systems.. ............... 5

5.2.5 Formulating definitions.. ...................................................................... 5

5.2.6 Coining and selecting terms.. ............................................................ 6

0 IS0 1992 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.

International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Get-&e 20 l Switzerland

Printed in Switzerland

0 IS0 IS0 10241:1992(E]

6 Terminography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i. . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.1 Types of terminological data. ................

6.2 Structuring of entries .......................................

. . .

. . . . . . 6

. . . . . . 7

7

6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 6.2.6 6.2.7 6.2.8 6.2.9 6.2.10 6.2.11 6.2.12 6.2.13

6.2.14 6.2.15 6.2.16

Entry number ..................................................... ........ .... .... .__ .... Preferred term(s). ............................................... ..................... . . National variants ...................................................... .................... Pronunciation .................... ................................................ . ......... Abbreviated forms.. ............................................. .......... .... Admitted terms ................................................ ................ ...... . Symbols.. ........................................................... . ..... . . Deprecated, obsolete and superseded terms.. ............. Grammatical information. .......... .......... ............. .... Subject field . . . . . . . . . . . . .._.................................................. . . . . . . . . ._._ Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other representation(s) of the concept . . . . . References to preferred terms, and to related and other entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Examples of term usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notes . . . ..__......._.............. o . . . .._. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I.._..._... . . . Term equivalents . . . . . .._...................................... . . .

6.3 Order of entries . . . . . . . . . . . ..,..... . . . . . . . . . . . .._. ._. . . . . . .._... . . .

6.3.1 Systematic order.. ............................................ 6.3.2 Mixed order.. ....................................................... 6.3.3 Alphabetical order ...........................................

6.4 Indexes . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.4.1 Systematic terminology standards.. ..... 6.4.2 Alphabetical terminology standards .... 6.4.3 Presentation ....................................................... 6.4.4 Presentation of compound terms.. ........

. . .

. . . . . .

. . .

. . .

6.5 Graphic representation(s). .......................................

6.6 Bibliography.. ....................................................................

Annex A: Summary of terminographical requirements.. . . 20

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. .

. . .

. .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . .

7 .7 .8 .9 .9

9 . 9 IO IO II 1% 12

12 13 13 13

13

14 14 14

14

14 14 14 14

19

19

21

. . . III

IS0 10241:1992(E)

Foreword

0 IS0

IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a world- wide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body inter- ested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Inter- national organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (SEC) on all mat- ters of electrotechnical standardization.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote.

International Standard IS0 10241 was prepared by Technical Com- mittee lSO/TC 37, Terminology (principles and coordination), Sub- Committee SC 2, Layout of vocabularies.

It cancels and replaces IS0 Recommendations R 919:1969 and R 1149:1969, of which documents it constitutes a technical revision.

It also constitutes a technical revision of certain aspects of Inter- national Standard IS0 1951:1973. The provisions of International Standard IS0 10241 should be considered to prevail in all cases of difference between the two documents. A new edition of IS0 1951, with reduced scope, is currently in preparation and will eliminate these differences.

Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard.

0 IS0 IS0 10241:: 1992(E)

Ilntrodarction

The standardization of terminologies is essential to all standardization activities. It is therefore necessary to apply uniform principles and methods to terminology work.

Uniform methods

a)

b)

c)

help to organize terminology work in a practical and efficient manner;

guarantee the consistency an d co herence of termi nologie within a specific subject field and between related fields;

s both

contribute to the harmonization of concept systems and terms in different languages;

d) promote the efficient application of information technology to terminology work.

This page intentionally left blank

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD @ Iso 60 10241:1992(E)

International terminology standards - Preparation and layout

1 Scope

This International Standard establishes rules for use in the preparation and layout of international terminology standards. It does not stipulate principles and methods of terminology, which are treated in IS0 704.

It does not deal with the administrative procedures required by international standardizing organizations for the preparation of a given terminology standard. Such provisions may be found in the lSO/lEC Directives.

This International Standard does not deal with changes that may be necessary when an Interna- tional Standard is adopted as a national standard.

IS0 1087:1990, Vocabulary of terminology.

IS0 2145:1978, Documentation - Numbering of divisions and subdivisions in written documents.

IS0 3166:1988, Codes for the representation of names of countries.

IS0 7154: 1983, Documentation - Bibliographic filing principles.

IEC 27:-, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology.

International Phonetic Association. The principles of the International Phonetic Association: being a description of the international phonetic alphabet and the manner of using it. 1984, London.

2 Normative references 3 Definitions

The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 main- tain registers of currently valid International Stan- da rds.

IS0 31:1992, Quantities and units.

IS0 639:1988, Code for the representation of names of languages.

IS0 704:1987, Principles and methods of termino- logYm

IS0 860:- , I) International harmonization of concepts and terms.

For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in IS0 1087 apply.

4 Standardization of terminology

One aim of an international terminology standard is to harmonize the concepts, concept systems and the terms of different languages (see IS0 860). The ultimate objective of the standardization process is to obtain a normative vocabulary in which only one term corresponds to one concept and only one concept corresponds to one term. Accord- ingly, in international terminological standardization,

a) a concept system shall be established for the particular International Standard;

b) the form of a definition shall be such that it can

1) To be published. (Revision of lSO/R 860:1968.) 1

IS0 10241:1992(E) 0 IS0

replace the term in a context (principle of substitution);

c) the definitions of the concepts shall be given in the official language(s) of the standardizing organization concerned;

the definitions given in the official languages shall be equivalent in content; when possible, similar structures shall be used in their formulation;

any differences between the concept system of the International Standard and the concept systems of the non-official languages shall be stated.

If an International Standard prescribes limitations or gives directions that are language-specific, such restrictions shall be pointed out.

5 Preparation of terminology standards

51 . Preliminary work

5.1.1 Needs analysis

Typically, the need for standardized terminologies arises when communication becomes difficult in a particular field. Such difficulties are usually due to ambiguous concepts and/or terms and shall be identified and resolved by standardizing the re- spective terminology and publishing it as an international terminology standard or a clause on terms and definitions in a subject standard.

5.12 Target group considerations

The target group of the standard shall be clearly defined. The nature of the group will affect

a) the delimitation of the field or sub-field to be studied;

b) the number and type of concepts to be included;

c) the choice of languages;

d) the formulation of definitions;

e) the . . I lfyl

numb ng the

er of synonyms and the labels qua- m;

f) the number and type of examples.

5.1.3 Subject delimitation

5.1.3.11 A careful delimitation of the subject facili- tates

a) the collection, evaluation and use of documentation;

b) the breakdown of the field into sub-fields;

c) the distribution of work and its processing, es- pecially when several groups are involved;

d) the structuring of concepts in the preliminary stages;

e) the coordination of activities with terminology groups working in related fields

5.1.3.2 The delimitation procedure is as follows:

a) The scope of the subject shall be ascertained by consulting

I) the scope of the technical committee or standardizing body in question, e.g. lSO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps;

2) general classifications, e.g. Universal Deci- mal Classification;

3) special subject classifications, e.g. IS0 2148, Continuous handling equipment - Nomen- cla ture;

4) general literature on the subject, including manuals, textbooks, national standards, ca- talogues and reports;

5) vocabularies and thesauri.

b) The sub-fields to be covered shall be selected in the light of the purpose of the standard and the needs of the target group.

c) The considerations under b) shall result in a detailed delimitation of the subject, showing the division into sub-fields and possible sub- categories.

5.1.4 Sources

For each language to be covered in the standard, an analysis of terminological usage in the subject field is required.

5.1.4.1 Types of sources

The main types of documentation to be con-

2

0 IS0 IS0 10241:1992(E)

sidered include: 5.1.5 Number of concepts

a) authoritative documents (laws, regubtiow

standards); A working group s hall exam of concepts for two reasons:

ine a limited number

b) documents generally recognized by the scientific community (textbooks, scientific disserta- tions, scientific periodicals);

a) dealing with a large number of concepts easily results in inconsistencies and omissions;

b) a large project is very time-consuming and it is difficult for the standard to adequately reflect the development of the subject field.

c) current but not necessarily generally recognized material (pamphlets, directions for use, parts I ists, reports, etc.);

Experience has shown that if the number of concepts exceeds approximately 200, a sub-division of the project into a number of sub-projects becomes necessary.

d) human sources (the members of the working group and other experts);

e) terminology databases;

f) terminological vocabularies, dictionaries and encyclopedias.

5.1.6 Choice of languages

5.1.6.1 The preparation of a terminology standard is most effective when it is carried out simul- taneously in all the official languages of the standardizing body.

Any relevant material in the field should be consulted. Useful examples, illustrations, concept systems (in whole or in part), terms, etc. may be found in various types of documents.

5.1.6.2 The following points shall be kept in mind when deciding whether to include any other language:

5.1.4.2 Evaluation of sources

All documentation shall be carefully evaluated. In evaluating a source, the following points shall be considered:

a) the possibility of obtaining sufficient and reliable documentation in that language;

a) The terminology may not be reliable because of date.

b) the possibility of obtaining assistance from native-speaker specialists. Native speakers are essential for the formulation of definitions, examples, notes and comments.

the documents are out

b) The author should be a recognized authority in the field.

c) The terminology in the document should not reflect a specific school of thought.

5.1.7 Schedule d) In the case of an existing vocabulary,

recognized terminological research methods, as specified in the relevant International Stan- dards, should have been followed to produce the document.

A detailed schedule for the project shall be drawn up. It shall include the following information:

a) a list of the project phases;

e) It is important to determine whether or not the documents used as references are translations. If they are, the reliability of the translation shall be assessed. Translated material shall be used only in exceptional cases.

b) a timeframe for each phase;

c) the resp 0 nsibilities assigned to the work wo ups 0 r individual s involved in the p reject.

ing

A list of all bibliographic references shall be com- piled. The list shall include bibliographical data needed to retrieve the documents. It may be practical to use a coding system for recording sources.

5.2 Working procedure

The order of project phases is irreversible. It is based on the principles of terminology and shall

3

IS0 10241:1992(E) 0 llso

not be changed. If it is necessary to divide the subject field of the standard into several sub- fields, it shall be done at the outset of the project.

Where the group does not have sufficient knowledge of terminology work or of the language(s) concerned, the appropriate experts shall be consulted.

5.2.1 Collecting terminological data

Concepts belonging to the subject field shall be identified by analysing the source material (see 5.1.4) to establish term lists in the languages of the standard.

Initially, any term or concept description which seems relevant to the field shall be included even though it may later be determined that it belongs to a different subject field.

Sometimes a definition but no term is found for a given concept. In such cases, the definition and all explanations shall be noted and a five-dot symbol ( .) shall be used to show that no term exists or-has been found.

All information (definitions, terms, synonyms, an- tonyms, contexts, etc.) provided by a source shall be extracted in one operation when the source is consulted.

5.2.2 Recording terminological data

The inform sented in a

ation .I

unjto for each

rm manne language shall be pre- r.

Each term shall be separately recorded with its own concept identifier. Synonyms in the same language and equivalent terms in different languages shall be recorded separately. The same concept identifier shall be used for synonyms or equivalents.

The following data categories shall be included for each language:

a) Term-related data, including

I) term(s) (i.e. in their base form):

- synonyms;

- variants (e.g. orthographic, morpho- logical, syntactic);

- abbreviated form(s);

- full form(s);

- symbol(s);

- foreign language equivalents (including indication of the degree of equivalence);

2) acceptability ratings (i.e. preferred, admitted, deprecated, obsolete, superseded);

3) grammatical information;

4) note(s) on the terms;

5) antonym(s).

Terms that may require attributes such as “non- standardized”, “neologism”, “registered trade- ma rk”, “sub-language”, “technical jargon”, “in- house terminology” and “regional” shall also be recorded during data collection. The status of such terms shall, however, be clearly indicated in the final vocabulary.

b) Concept-related data, including

I) definition(s);

2) context(s);

3) other representation(s) of the concept (e.g. formula, figure);

4) graphic representation(s);

5) example(s);

6) note(s).

If available, information about the concept system (superordinate concept, subordinate concepts, coordinate concepts, etc.) shall be recorded.

c) Administrative data, including

I) concept identifier;

2) language symbol;

) date of record;

fier; recorder identi

) source.

0 IS0 IS0 10241:1992(E)

Before recording terminological information, a code system shall be established for such data categories as date of record, recorder identifier and sources, in order to ensure uniform work methods

5.2.3 Establishing the term list

5.2.3.1 The term list may include terms for

a)

b)

c)

d)

-1

concepts specific to the subject field;

concepts common to several subject fields;

borrowed concepts;

general language concepts.

I ne general classification of the field may serve as a guide to determine whether or not a given concept shall be included.

5.2.3.2 The final vocabulary shall include terms for

a) the specific concepts of the subject field;

b) only a limited numbe r of borrowed co ncepts and co ncepts common to se veral subject fields.

Trademarks, P rotected terms shall b e avoided

trade names, and colloquial

5.2.4 Establishing concept fields and concept systems

5.2.4.1 After the term list has been established, related concepts shall be arranged in concept fields (sets of related concepts).

Criteria for grouping concepts shall be the same for each language.

The relations between the concept fields shall be established. The concepts within each field shall then be structured into concept sub-systems so that each concept is allocated a specific place in the system.

Concept systems shall be established in accordance with IS0 704.

The concept system shall be worked out for each language, taking into consideration, if possible, national systems, different organizations, different

schools of thought, etc. When this work has been completed, the following checks shall be made:

a) Is the position of each concept correct?

b) Are any concepts missing?

5.2.4.2 The concept systems of the individual Ilanguages covered in the project shall be com- pared in order to

a) determine the degree of compatibility between the systems;

b) harmonize the systems in accordance with IS0 860.

5.2.4.3 If a system common to all languages cannot be achieved, the following three possibili- ties are available:

a) An internationaii concept system differing in some respects from the national systems is developed where possible. It will become an lnternational Standard and function as a reference.

b) Only the part on which agreement can be reached is standardized. In such a case, the field of study (see 5.1.3) may have to be redefined.

NOTE 1 This is not a recommended alternative since it may result in a non-systematic set of concepts in an international terminology standard.

c) If neither of the above methods is applicable, the results may be expressed in a technical re- port and form the basis of a future standard.

5.2.5 Formulating definitions

See IS0 704 for the formulation of definitions and underlying principles.

References to standardized definitions should be used whenever possible, and non-standardized definitions should be avoided. When taking over existing definitions, special care shall be taken to avoid errors and inconsistencies.

The following basic principles shall apply to the drafting of definitions:

a) The defi nition sha II have th e same grammatical form as the term. T hus, to d efine a verb, a ver-

IS0 10241:1992(El) 8 IS0

bal phrase shall be used; to define a singular noun, the singular shall be used.

b ) The preferred structure of a definition is: a basic part stating the class to which the concept belongs, and another part enumerating the characteristics that distinguish the concept from other members of the class.

c) The definition shall not begin with an expression such as “term used to describe” or “‘term denoting”; neither shall it take the form “[term] is m 0 0 ” or “‘[term] means . . 0 “-

) Unless there is a specific reason, the definition shall not begin with an article.

) The definition of a quantity shall be formulated in accordance with the provisions of IS0 3l-0:1992, subclause 2.2. This means that a derived quantity may be defined by means of other quantities only. No unit shall be used in the definition of a quantity.

NOTE 2 Items a), c) and d) are derived from the principle of substitution - 3 b).

EXAMPLE

pressure quotient of force on a surface and area of that surface

(NOT: force per unit area of surface)

Graphic representations may be used as explanations if necessary. They do not, however, replace a verbal definition.

EXAMPLE of a formally correct definition

total pressure Pitot tube Pitot tube provided only with a total pressure tapping hole

5.2.6 Coining and selecting terms

See IS0 704:1987, clause 5, for the coining of terms.

If there are synonyms, it is recommended that only one term be selected as the preferred term. However, in exceptional cases, selecting more

than one term may be unavoidable. The non- preferred terms shall be specified as admitted, deprecated, obsolete, or superseded terms.

The following examples illustrate the presentation of terms coined in accordance with the principles laid down in IS0 704.

EXAMPLES of motivated terms

wide-mouth jar

patient Iifter

screwdriver

EXAMPLES of terms conforming (or not) to accepted word-formation principles and practice

foot spray (NOT: feet spray)

soldering iron (NOT: solder iron)

EXAMPLE of term that can produce derivatives

alcohol + alcoholic, alcoholism, alcoholize

6 Terminography

In order to facilitate the use of a terminology standard, general information concerning the manner in which the terminological data are presented in the standard shall be given in its introduction. This information shall cover

a) the structure of entries and the typographical conventions followed;

b) the order of entries;

c) the methods of accessing the terminology, i.e.

1) in a systematic standard, how to find a given term;

2) in an alphabetical standard, how to obtain an overall view of the concept system;

3) in a multilingual standard, how to find the equivalents of a given term in other languages.

6

0 IS0 IS0 10241:1992(E)

6.1 Types of terminological data

For standardization purposes, the entry shall contain at least

a) the entry number;

b) the preferred term representing the concept;

c) the definition of the concept.

Additional information of the following kinds may have to be added:

d) pronunciation;

e) abbreviated form;

full form, when the preferred term is an abbreviation;

symbol;

grammar;

subject field;

references to sources;

k) non-preferred term(s) (admitted, deprecated, obsolete, superseded);

I) other representation(s) of the concept (e.g. formula, figure);

m) references to related and other entries; POSITION

n) example(s) of term usage;

Terms and definitions in languages other than the official language(s) of the standardizing body should generally appear in informative annexes after the terms and definitions in the official language(s).

6.2.1 Entry number

POSITION

Beginning of entry.

STYLE

Boldface.

CONTENT

If there is no need to show relations between concepts, the entry number shall be a simple serial number.

W/here relations between concepts are to be shown, each entry number shall consist of two or more groups of digits in accordance with IS0 2145. In this case, the entry number also serves as an indication of the position of the concept within the concept system.

EXAMPLE

2.11.1

6.2.2 Preferred term(s)

Following the entry number.

On a new line in a vertical arrangement. 0) note(s);

STYLE

p) equivalent terms in other languages

6.2 Structuring of entries

The entry items may be arranged vertically, hori- zontally or in a mixed fashion. The order of entry items shall be the same throughout the vocabulary .

In multilingual vocabularies, vertical arrangement of non-defined terms is the preferred method. Term equivalents without definitions may appear in columns after the terms in the official language(s).

Boldface. Lowercase, except for uppercase characters that constitute part of the normal spelling of the term in a running text.

EXAMPLES

miIIiampere

neutron number density

Planck constant

UF resin

a

IS0 10241:1992(E)

CONTENT EXAMPLE

In a vertical arrangement, it is recommended that only one term be selected as the preferred term. However, in exceptional cases, selecting more than one term may be unavoidable.

For compound terms, the natural word order shall be retained.

EXAMPLE

(English) (French)

12.7.27 12.7.27 form feed pr&entation de

formulaire, % positionnement de formulaire, m

paper skip* (12.7.23) used saut de papier* (12.7.23) to bring an assigned part employe pour amener une of a form to the print zone determinee d’un position formulaire a une position

d’impression voltage-dependent resistor

(NOT: resistor, voltage-dependent)

Inverted word order shall be used only in alphabetical indexes (see 6.4.4).

Parentheses and square brackets shall be used only if they constitute part of the normal written form of the term. They shall not be used to show alternative terms.

EXAMPLE

bis(dimethyHhiocarbamy1) disulfide

In general, the term shall be presented in its basic grammatical form, i.e. a noun in the singular; an adjective (in inflectional languages) in its uninflected form; a verb in the infinitive (without the word “to” in English).

EXAMPLES

escalator

plasticize

If the term is a noun or a noun phrase, it shall not be preceded by an article, provided that this is consistent with the grammar of the language.

If a given term designates more than one concept, each concept shall be treated in a separate entry, particularly in multilingual terminology standards.

If more than one preferred term is selected, they shall each be printed in boldface on a separate line.

@ IS0

12.7.28 form feed

12.7.28 prgsentation de page suivante, f positionnement de page suivante, m

movement of the print or mouvement de la position display position to the d’impression ou d’affi- predetermined first line on chage vers la premiere the next form, the next ligne du prochain feuillet page or the equivalent ou de /Ia prochaine page ou

de leur equivalent

* See 6.2.13.3 for an explanation of the use of bold type within the text of definitions.

If no term exists or has been found for a given concept, a five-dot symbol ( . . . . .) shall be used.

EXAMPLE

(English) (French)

1.4.6

brakh of learning that is concerned with the study and development of computer (I) programming methods and computer programming languages (1.1.12)

1.4.6 programmatique, m discipline traitant de l’etude et de la conception des methodes de programmation et des langages de programmation (I. 1.12) des calculateurs ( 1)

6.2.3 National variants

If national variants are used within the same language (e.g. one concept but two different terms or one term but with different spellings), the variants shall be marked.

POSITION

Following the term, on the same line.

STYLE

Lightface.

8

0 IS0 IS0 10241:1992(ET)

CONTENT

Country symbols in accordance with IS0 3166, the variants being arranged in the order determined by the alphabetical order of the country symbols.

EXAMPLES

lift GB elevator US

fibre GB fiber US

6.2.4 Pronunciation

POSITION

Following the term, on the same line.

STYLE

Lightface, between parentheses.

CONTENT

Where the pronunciation of a term may cause difficulties, the transcription code of the International Phonetic Association (IPA) shall be used.

6.2.5 Abbreviated forms

POSITION

Preceding or following the full form, depending on which one is the preferred term.

On a separate line in a vertical arrangement.

STYLE

Boldface. Lowercase or uppercase in accordance with the normal presentation of the term in running text.

CONTENT

The use of full stops shall be in accordance with the normal presentation of the abbreviation in running text.

EXAMPLES

PVC poly(vinyI chloride) EXAMPLE

ultraviolet resistance uv R [IEC + ISO]

MSc. Master of Science

(direct current) electric potential difference divided by current when there is no electromotive force in the conductor

6.2.6 Admitted term(s)

POSITION

Following the preferred term(s),

- in order of preference,

- on separate lines.

STYLE

Lightface.

EXAMPLE

‘I ‘I -4-6 seriaker parallel-serial converter dynamicizer

functional unit (IO. 1.1) that converts (6.3.6) a set of simultaneous signals (1.2.2) into a corresponding time sequence of signals

6.2.7 Symbols

POSITION

Following any admitted term(s).

On a new line in a vertical arrangemen

STYLE

Symbols for quantities and units shal as specified in IS0 31-0, i.e.

- symbols for quantities in italic type;

- symbols for units in roman type.

CONTENT

I be printed

Letter symbols or graphic symbols may be used to represent concepts= If a symbol is taken from an international authority, the authority shall be identified between square brackets after the symbol, on the same line.

Symbols for quantities and units shall be taken from IS0 31 and IEC 27.

9

IS0 10241:1992(E) 0 IS0

6.2.8 Deprecated, obsolete and superseded terms

POSITION

Following any symbol,

- in alphabetical order,

- on separate lines.

STYLE

Lightface.

EXAMPLE

5.3.8 radix base (deprecated)

(radix numeration system) positive integer by which the weight of any digit place (5.3.3) is multiplied to obtain the weight of the digit place with the next higher weight EXAMPLE - In the decimal numeration system (5.3.12) the radix of each digit place is IO. NOTE - The term “base” is deprecated in this sense because of its mathematical use (see definition in 5.2.1).

6.2.9 Grammatical information

POSITION

Following the term or the indication of its pronunciation, on the same line.

STYLE

Lightface, preceded by a comma.

6.2.9.1 Inflection

CONTENT

In inflectional languages, the inflection of terms shall be indicated whenever there is a risk of misunderstanding.

6.2.9.2 Word class

CONTENT

Word class shall be indicated whenever there is a risk of misunderstanding. It shall be shown by one of the designations “noun”, “adj” (for adjective) or “verb”.

EXAMPLES

1.2.35 thermoplastic, noun plastic that has thermoplastic (3.531) properties

3.5.31 thermoplastic, adj capable of being repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling through a temperature range characteristic of the plastic and, in the softened state, of being repeatedly shaped by flow into articles by moulding, extrusion or forming

Word class need not be indicated separately if it becomes clear from other types of grammatical information, e.g. gender for nouns (see 6.2.9.3.1) and transitivity for verbs (see 6.2.9.4).

6.2.9.3 Nominal features

6.2.9.3.1 Gender

CONTENT

In languages that classify nouns by gender, the gender of nouns shall be indicated. It shall be shown by one of the designations “m”, “f” or “n” for masculine, feminine or neuter respectively. In compound terms, the gender of the compound shall be shown at the end of the term.

EXAMPLES

diaphragme, m

cycle de recherche, m

6.2.9.3.2 Number

CONTENT

If the term is a noun that is used only in the plural or only in the singular, the number shall be shown by means of the designation “pl” or “sing” respectively.

EXAMPLES

scissors, pi

news, sing

10

0 IS0 IS0 10241:1992(E)

6.2.9.4 Verb features

CONTENT

It will sometimes be necessary to indicate whether a verb is used transitively or intransitively. This shall be shown by means of the designation “trans” or “intrans” respectively.

EXAMPLE

cause a liquid to pass through the interstices of a medium

4.517 percolate, intrans filter, ooze or trickle through a porous substance or medium

6.2.10 Subject field

POSITION

Preceding the definition, on the same line.

STYLE

Lightface, between angle brackets.

CONTENT

If one term designates several concepts, it is necessary to indicate the subject field to which each concept belongs.

The subject field shall not be repeated in the definition.

EXAMPLES

2-1~17 die, noun (extrusion) metal block with a shaped orifice through which plastic material is extruded

2.1.18 die, noun (moulding) assembly of parts enclosing the cavity from which the moulding takes its form

2.1.19 die, noun (punching) tool to punch sheet or film material

6.231 Definition

POSITION

Following any grammatical information concerning the term entry.

On a new line in a vertical arrangement.

STYLE

Lightface. Lowercase, including the first letter, except for any uppercase letters required by the normal spelling of a word in running text. No fina I full stop.

CONTENT

The definition shall consist of a single phrase des I-

cribing the concept denoted by the term. (See 52.5.)

EXAMPLE

214.1 delamination separation of two adjacent plies resulting from a lack of adhesion

If a definition has been taken from another normative document, a reference shall be added between square brackets after the definition.

EXAMPLE

3.2.11 international rubber hardness degree lRHD measure of hardness, the magnitude of which is derived from the depth of penetration of a specified indentor into a test piece under specified conditions [ IS0 1382: 19821

Such references shall be included in the bibliography (see 6.6).

Where a standardized definition in another subject field has to be adapted, an explanation shall be given in a note.

EXAMPLE

1.1.2.3 natural language language which evolves and whose rules reflect usage without necessarily being explicitly prescribed NOTE -Adapted from lSO/IEC 2382-7:1989.

11

IS0 10241:1992(E) 0 IS0

62.12 Other representation(s) of the concept

POSITION

Following the definition.

EXAMPLE

molar volume vm HW volume divided by the amount of substance Vm = V/n

CONTENT

If a figure is given, it shall normally be placed on the same page as the entry to which it refers. Al- ternatively, all figures in the standard may be brought together in a separate section.

6.2.13 References to preferred terms, and to related and other entries

6.2.13.1 Reference from a non-preferred term to the preferred term

POSITION

In a sysfemafic terminology standard, each non- preferred term shall be entered in its normal place in the alphabetical index, together with a reference to the entry number of the preferred term.

If an alphabetical terminology standard is unavoidable, each non-preferred term shall be entered in its normal place in the alphabetical sequence, together with a reference to the preferred term.

See 6.3 for the order of entries.

STYLE

Lightface for the non-preferred term. Boldface for the preferred term.

EXAMPLE of entry of non-preferred term in the index of a systematic terminology standard

two-piece bearing ring 2.1.8

EXAMPLE of reference to preferred term in the body of an alphabetical terminology standard

31 mould

SEE punch (40)

6.2.13.2 Reference to related entries

POS9TlON

Following the definition.

On a separate line.

STYLE

Lightface. Boldface for a preferred term.

CONTENT

Cross-references given for comparison shall be in- trod uced by “cf. “.

EXAMPLE

2.1.30 impression female portion of a mould cf. cavity (2.1.8)

1% there is more than one reference, they shall be separated by commas.

6.2.13.3 Reference to other entries

POSITION

Within a definition or a note.

STYLE

Bolder type than the main text.

NOTE 3 Italic type is reserved for Latin terms in nomen- clatures and for symbols for physical quantities, as well as for all other cases where the use of italics is obligatory.

CONTENT

Preferred term defined elsewhere in the vocabulary, followed (in the case of a systematic terminology standard) by its entry number between parentheses.

EXAMPLES

1.7.2 loading control device that enables the recording medium (l5.3) to be inserted into a dictation machine (1.2. I. 1)

5.6.8 Salmonella genus of rod-shaped bacteria that are parasites of animals and man and cause several diseases EXAMPLES - S. typhi and S. paratyphl cause typhoid fever in man, while S. typhimurium is a common cause of food poisoning.

12

0 IS0 IS0 10241:1992(E)

6.2.14 Examples of term usage

POSIT10 N

Following any reference(s) to related entries.

In a separate paragraph.

STYLE

Lightface. Lowercase. Smaller type.

EXAMPLE

I .3.2 power (mathematics) number of times, as indicated by an exponent, that a number occurs as a factor in a product EXAMPLE -The 3rd power of 2 is 8.

6.2.15 Notes

POSITION

Following any examples.

In a separate paragraph.

STYLE

Lightface. Lowercase. Smaller type.

EXAMPLES

1.4.5 blowing agent substance used to cause expansion in the manufacture of hollow or cellular articles NOTE - Blowing agents may be compressed gases, volatile liquids, or chemicals that decompose or react to form a gas.

IA.1 processor (computers) functional unit that interprets and executes instructions NOTE -A processor consists of at least an instruction control unit and an arithmetic and logic unit.

6.2.16 Term equivalents

POSITION

In a separate column, for languages other than definition languages.

STYLE

Boldface for equivalents considered part of the standard (see 6.2).

Lightface for equivalents not considered part of the standard.

Terms in languages other than definition languages shall be preceded by language symbols as specified in IS0 639.

CONTENT

If it is impossible to include the term equivalents in the entries, they shall be shown in a systematic index for each language.

To facilitate retrieval of definitions, an alphabetical index of equivalents shall be added for each language (see 6.4).

EXAMPLE

3.4 screw thread de Gewinde, n continuous and projecting fi ruuvikierre helical ridge of uniform it filetto, m section on a cylindrical or filettatura, f conical surface

6.3 Order of entries

Systematic order (6.3.1) shall be used whenever possible. However, mixed order (6.3.2) and alphabetical order (6.3.3) are permitted.

6.3.1 Systematic order

EXAMPLE

18.3 Network functions

18.3.1 distributed data processing DDP data processing (1.1.1) in which some or all of the processing, storage (12.2.4) and control functions, in addition to input-output (6.2.9) functions, are dispersed among data processing stations (18.3.9)

18.32 remote-access data processing data processing (1 .I, 1) in which some input-output (6.2.9) functions are performed by devices that are connected to a computer system by data communication (9.1.3) means

18.3.3 hierarchical computer network computer network (18.2.1) in which the control functions are organized in a hierarchical manner and may be distributed among data processing stations (18.3.9)

6.3.2 Mixed order

Related entries are brought together under sys-

13

IS0 10241:1992(E) 0 IS0

tematically ordered headings, where they are arranged in alphabetical order.

EXAMPLE

1.6 Glass fibre fillers for reinforced plastics

. . .

I .6.6 continuous strand mat mat formed of uncut strands of continuous filament, without intentional orientation, and held together by a binder

I .6.7 coupling agent substance that promotes or establishes a stronger bond at the interface of the resin matrix and the reinforcement NOTE - The coupling agent may be applied to the reinforcement, added to the resin, or both.

l-6.8 coupling finish finish material applied to glass textile products, usually fabrics, in order to obtain a good bond between the glass fibre surface and resins, and in a broader sense to other materials

6.3.3 Alphabetical order

EXAMPLE

141 test code in a message between sender and receiver used to validate the source of a message that may also validate certain elements of the message such as amount, date and sequence

142 test key set of characters and method of computation designed to be known only to the correspondent parties

143 third-party transfer transfer in favour of a party other than the sender or receiver

For terms written with an article, the article shal be ignored for the purpose of alphabetica arrangement.

6.4 Indexes

6.4.1 Systematic terminology standards

A monolingual systematic terminology standard shall contain an alphabetical index.

A multilingual systematic terminology standard shall contain an alphabetical index for each language.

6.4.2 Alphabetical terminology standards

An alphabetical terminology standard shall contain a systematic index.

A multilingual terminology standard presented in the alphabetical order of a selected language shall contain an alphabetical index for each of the other languages represented.

6.4.3 Presentation

The terms shall have the same typographical form in the indexes as in the entries. In addition to the term, the index shall include the corresponding entry number, which shall be the same for each language. In multilingual vocabularies, the order of the indexes shall be the same as that of the languages in the entries.

All preferred and non-preferred terms shall be included in the indexes.

IS0 7154 or subject-specific regulations (e.g. IUPAC) shall be applied for the compilation of alphabetical indexes.

6.4.4 Presentation of compound terms

Both the natural word order of compound terms and the inverted form (permuted index) of the terms shall be given in an alphabetical index.

For example, the term “electronic data processing” will appear in the following forms:

data processing, electronic 1.1.1

. . .

electronic data processing 1 .I. 1

* . .

processing, electronic data 1.1.1

14

0 IS0 IS0 10241:1992(E)

If desired, the KWOC (Key Word Out of Context) system may also be used. The term “electronic electronic data processing I. I. 1

data processing” will then appear three times in I . . . I the index (under “d”, “e” and “p” respectively): electronic data processing 1, I. 1

. . .

electronic data processing 1.1.1

15

IS0 10241:1992(E)

EXAMPLE 1 -ALPHABETICAL INDEX IN A MONOLINGUAL SYSTEMATIC VOCABULARY

Systematic main vocabulary:

I living being organized being showing characteristic complex structure and interactions with its environment: assimilation, growth, adaptation, reproduction, etc.

1.1 plant fixed, generally chlorophyll-containing living being (1) that can feed mainly on mineral salts and carbon dioxide, and whose cells usually are surrounded by cellulose walls

l.l,l cryptogamous plant plant (I. 1) that reproduces without flowers or seeds

1.12 phanerogamous plant plant (I, 1) that can reproduce by means of flowers and seeds

1.2 animal organized, generally mobile living being (1) containing no chlorophyll or cellulose cell wall

12.1 protozoan unicellular animal (1.2)

1.22 metazoan animal (1.2) whose body is made of several cells forming tissues and organs

Corresponding alphabetical’ index:

animal 1.2 being, living II cryptogamous plant 1 .I .I living being 1 metazoan 1.2.2 phanerogamous plant 1.1.2 plant 1.1 plant, cryptogamous 1. I. 1 plant, phanerogamous 1 .li .2 protozoan 1.2.1

16

0 IS0 IS0 10241:1992(E)

EXAMPLE 2 -ALPHABETICAL INDEXES IN A MULTILINGUAL SYSTEMATIC VOCABULARY

Systematic main vocabulary:

(English) (French)

I I Iiving being Stre vivant, m organized being showing etre organise caracterise characteristic complex par sa structure complexe structure and interactions et ses interactions avec with its environment: as- son milieu: assimilation, similation, growth, adap- croissance, adaptation, re- tation, reproduction, etc. production, etc.

1.1 plant fixed, generally chlorophyll-containing living being (I) that can feed mainly on mineral salts and carbon dioxide, and whose cells usually are surrounded by cellulose walls

I.1 vegbtal, m 6tre vivant (I) generale- ment chlorophyllien et fixe, capable de se nourrir principalement de sels mi- neraux et de dioxyde de carbone, et dont les cellules sont habituellement entourees de parois cellulosiques

1.1.1 1,l.l cryptogamous plant plante cryptogame, f plant (1.1) that reproduces plante qui se reproduit without flowers or seeds sans fleurs ni graines

I.12 IA.2 phanerogamous plant plante phan&ogame, f plant (I. 1) that can repro- plante qui peut se reproduce by means of flowers duire au moyen de fleurs and seeds et de graines

1.2 1.2 animal animal, m organized, generally mo- 6tre vivant (I) generale- bile living being (I) con- ment mobile et n’ayant ni taining no chlorophyll or chlorophylle ni paroi cellu- cellulose cell wall laire cellulosique

1.2.1 protozoan unicellular animal (1.2)

1.2.1 protozoaire, m animal (1.2) unicellulaire

1.2.2 1.2.2 metazoan mgtazoaire, m animal (1.2) whose body animal (1.2) dont le corps is made of several cells est constitue de plusieurs forming tissues and cellules organisees en tis- organs sus et organes

Corresponding alphabetical indexes;

(English)

animal 1.2 being, living 1 cryptogamous plant 1.1.1 living being 1 metazoan 1.2.2 phanerogamous plant 1.1.2 plant 1.1 plant, cryptogamous 1 .I. 1 plant, phanerogamous 1.1.2 protozoan 1.2.1

(French)

animal 1.2 cryptogame, plante 1.1.1 6tre vivant 1 mbtazoaire 1.2.2 phankrogame, plante 1.2 plante cryptogame 1 .I .I plante phankogame 1 .I .2 protozoaire 1.2.1 vOg6tal 1.1 vivant, 6tre 1

17

IS0 10241:1992(E) @ 60

EXAMPLE 3 -ALPHABETICAL INDEX IN A MULTILINGUAL VOCABULARY PRESENTED IN THE ALPHABETICAL ORDER OF A SELECTED LANGUAGE

Main vocabulary in English alphabetical order:

(English) (French)

1 1 animal animal, m organized, generally mo- gtre vivant (3) generale- bile living being (3) con- ment mobile et n’ayant ni taining no chlorophyll or chlorophylle ni paroi cellu- cellulose cell wall laire cellulosique

2 2 cryptogamous plant plante cryptogame, f plant (6) that reproduces plante qui se reproduit without flowers or seeds sans fleurs ni graines

3 3 Jiving being 6tre vivant, m organized being showing etre organise caracterise characteristic complex par sa structure complexe structure and interactions et ses interactions avec with its environment: as- son milieu : assimilation, similation, growth, adap- croissance, adaptation, re- tation, reproduction, etc. production, etc.

4 4 metazoan metazoaire, m animal (I) whose body is animal (I) dont le corps made of several cells est constitue de plusieurs forming tissues and cellules organisees en organs tissus et organes

5 5 phanerogamous plant plante phanerogame, f plant (6) that can repro- plante qui peut se reproduce by means of flowers duire au moyen de fleurs and seeds et de graines

6 plant fixed, generally chlorophyll-containing living being (3) that can feed mainly on mineral salts and carbon dioxide, and whose cells usually are surrounded by cellulose walls

6 v6gBtaI, m gtre vivant (3) generale- ment chlorophyllien et fixe, capable de se nourrir principalement de sels mi- neraux et de dioxide de carbone, et dont les cellules sont habituellement entourees de parois cellulosiques

7 protozoan unicellular animal (1)

7 protozoaire, m animal (I) unicellulaire

Corresponding alphabetical French index:

animal 1 cryptogame, plante 2 gtre vivant 3 mktazoaire 4 phanbrogame, plante 5 plante cryptogame 2 plante phankogame 5 protozoaire 7 vhgbtal 6 vivant, Gtre 3

18

0 IS0 IS0 10241:1992(E)

6.5 Graphic representation(s) 6.6 Bibliography

It may be useful to include a graphic representation of part(s) of the concept system.

EXAMPLE

1 living being

1.1 plant

1.2 animal

1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 cryptogamous phanerogamous protozoan metazoan

plant plant

The element entitled “Bibliography” shall not contain documents that are listed under the heading “Normative references”.

Documents of the following kind shall be included in the bibliography:

a) terminological documents dealing with related subject fields;

b) the most important documents that have served as references in the preparation of the standard.

19

IS0 10241:1992(E)

Annex A (normative)

Summary of terminographicall requirements

8 IS0

For ease of reference, this annex summarizes the principal terminographical requirements specified in clause 6. In the following list, the name of each discrete terminographical element, followed by the relevant subclause number in this International Standard, is shown. The list indicates the order of presentation of the elements that may occur, and the relative weight and size of type (but not necessarily the typeface) to be used for each element. The symbol c3 indicates where a new line is to be started in a vertical arrangement.

1 FRAMED ELEMENTS ARE REPEATABLE WITHIN AN ENTRd

e entry number-

e preferred term m or abbreviation m COUNTRY SYMBOL- (pronunciation)-, inflection m, word class-, gender-, number-, transitivity-

@ admitted term- COUNTRY SYMBOL (pronunciation), inflection, word class, gender, number, transitivity

e sym&o/~ [source]- * term (deprecated)- e term (obsolete)-

i IN ALPHABETICAL TERM ORDER

Q term (superseded)-

0 (subject field) m definition w ......................................................................................................... ............................ ............................................. term in another entry (entry number) w ................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... [source] m

e other representation of the concept m

e cf. w term (entry number)

e EXAMPLE m - Text of the example ..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............

.................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................

e NOTE m - Text of the note ............................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................................... ...............................

............................................................................................................................................................................................. .......................

20

0 IS0 IS0 10241:1992(E)

Index In-house terminology 5.2.2 lnternational Phonetic Association

(IPA) 6.2.4 Inverted word order 6.2.2, 6.4.4 Italic type 6.2.13.3

Reference from a non-preferred term to the preferred term 6.2.13. I

Reference to other entries 6.2.13.3 Reference to preferred terms 6.213 Reference to related entries 6.2.13.2 Regional use 5.2.2 Registered trademark 5.2.2 Restrictions 4

A

Abbreviated forms 6.2.5 Absence of term 6.2.2 Adjective 6.2.2, 6.2.9.2 Administrative data 5.2.2 Admitted terms 6.2.6 Alphabetical order 6.2.16, 6,3.3 Alternative terms 6.2.2 Angle brackets 6.2.10 Article 6.2.2

K

KWOC 6.4.4

e s Language symbols 6.2.16 Letter symbols 6.2.7 Limitations 4

Schedule 5.1.7 Singular 6.2.9.3.2 Sources 5.1.4 Spellings 6.2.3 Square brackets 6.2.2, 6.2.7, 6.2.1 ‘I Structure of a definition 5.2.5 Structure of entries 6.2 Subject delimitation 5. ‘I .3 Subject field 6.2.10 Sub-Language 5.2.2 Superseded terms 6.2.8 Symbols 6.2.7 Synonyms 5.2.2 Systematic terminology

standards 6.3.1, 6.4.1

B

Bibliographic references 5.1.4.2 Bibliography 6.2.11, 6.6

c Mixed order 6.3.2 Monolingual terminology

standard 6.4. ‘l Motivated terms 5.2.6

“cf.” 6.2.13.2 Choice of languages 5.1.6 Coining and selecting terms 5.2. Collecting terminoiogical data 5.2 Compound terms 6.2.2, 6.4.4 Concept identifier 5.2.2 Concept systems 4, 5.2.4, 6.5 Concept-related data 5.2.2 Country symbols 6.2.3

6 .I N

National variants 6.2.3 Needs analysis 5.1 D ‘I Neologism 5.2.2 Nominal features 6.2.9.3 Non-official languages 4, 6.2 Non-standardized terms 5.2.2 Notes 6.2.11, 6.2.15 Noun 6.2.2, 6.2.9.2 Noun phrase 6.2.2 Number 6.2.9.3.2 Number of concepts 5.1.5

B T

Data categories 5.2.2 Definition 4, 5.2.5, 6.2.11 Deprecated terms 6.2.8

Target group 5.1.2 Technical jargon 5.2.2 Term equivalents 6.2.16 Term list 5.2.3 Term-related data 5.2.2 Terminography 6 Timeframe 5.1.7 Transitivity 6.2.9.4 Translations 5.1.4.2 Types of terminological data 6.1 Typographical conventions 6

E

Entry items 6.2 Entry number 6.2.1 Equivalents 5.2.2 Establishing concept fields and

concept systems 5.2.4 Establishing the term list 5.2.3 Examples of term usage 6.2.14

0

Objective 4 Obsolete terms 6.2.8 Official languages 4, 5.1.6.1, 6.2 Order of entries 6.3 Other representations of the

concept 6.2.12 U F

P Units 6.2.7 Figures 6.2.12

Formulating definitions 5.2.5 Full stops 62.5, 6.2.11

Parentheses 6.2.2 Permuted index 6.4.4 Plural 6.2.9.3.2 Preferred terms 6.2.2 Pronunciation 6.2.4

V

Verb 6.2.2,6.2.9.2 Verb features 6.2.9.4 Vertical arrangement 6.2

G

Gender 6.2.9.3.1 Grammatical form 6.2.9 Graphic representations 5.2.5, 6 Graphic symbols 6.2.7

.5 Q

w Quantities and units 6.2.7 Word class 6.2.9.2 Word order of compound

terms 6.2.2, 6.4.4 Working procedure 5.2

R I

Recording terminological data 5.2.2

Indexes 6.4 Inflection 6.2.9.1

21

IS0 10241:1992(E)

UDC 001.4:006.05

Descriptors: terminology, technical documents, standards, preparation, layout.

Price based on 21 pages