international journal of automatic control system vol 2 issue 1

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and InfrastructurePlanning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

5 more... 4 more...

Subm

it

Your

Article 2

016

International Journal of

Automatic Control System

IJACSJAN – JUNE 2016

www.journalspub.com

International Journals Publisher

JournalsPub is a multi-disciplinary international journal boosting innovative & eminence research work

by Division of Dhruv Infosystem Pvt. Ltd. Launched in 2014 under the support and guidance by our

Honorable Editorial Board Members from renowned institutes.

Objectives of JournalsPub

üJournalsPub is international scholarly journal that publishes peer reviewed journal in the frontier areas of

Applied Sciences, Medical and Engineering.

üJournalsPub publishes Original Research Papers, Review Papers, Popular Articles, Short

Communications & Case Study.

ü Publishing special issues on Proceedings of Conferences, Seminars and Symposia.

üJournalsPub Publishes issues twice a year (bi-annually) in English-language which is available online

(open access) and in printed version with a goal to promote an extensive academic awareness.

üJournalsPub desires to set a good benchmark in the publishing industry by launching more than 100+

new International Journals to help the scientific community to enhance communication within the

research communities and maintain a balance between the existing and emerging interdisciplinary

technologies.

üJournalsPub aims to provide quality research articles for Academic Researchers, Industrial

Professionals, Engineers, Scientists, Professors, etc. working in the areas of Applied Sciences, Medical

and Engineering to contribute and communicate innovative work.

Salient Features

üAn umbrella of 100+ journals that covers Applied Sciences, Medial and Engineering Arena.

üThe first and one of the rapidly emerging publication website in Country as well as overseas for its

excellence and exposure.

üUniversal transmission and reflectivity.

üA Rigorous, Fast and Constructive Peer Review Process

üSpeedy Publication of Manuscripts

üEminent Editorial Board Members from renowned organizations.

üFree Registration, Online Submission, Processing, Publication & Online Access of Manuscripts.

üThe journal publishes novel research articles with emphasis on theoretical and experimental work.



JournalsPub (Division of Dhruv Infosystem Private Ltd.) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor,

CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journals. Statements and

opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the Author(s) and are not the opinion of JournalsPub unless so stated.

Subscription Information and Order

Cost of Journal

National Subscription

?Rs. 3000/- per Journal (includes 2 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1800/copy

International Subscription

?Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 2 print issues)

?Online + Print-$199 (includes 2 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at [email protected]

Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India include speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without

notice.

Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Dhruv Infosystem Pvt. ltd.,

payable at Delhi/New Delhi.

Online Access Policy

A). For Authors:

In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, JournalsPub also have Open Access Policy;

Authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as

follows:

India, SARC and African Countries: INR 1500 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

B.) For Subscribers:

Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of correct

information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber.

The access will be blocked:

If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking due to technical issue. Misuse of the access rights

as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: JournalsPub with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media

for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These

journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue.

The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very

welcome.

Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues:

Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the next issue

as per the frequency.

Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will be

entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends.

Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored.

Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to JournalsPub at least 2 months prior to the dispatch schedule as per

the frequency by mentioning subscriber ID and the subscription ID.

Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes

All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only.

If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team:

[email protected]; Tel: +91 0120-4347644.



International Journal of Automatic Control System is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of

Automatic Control System and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing

research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are

related to Automatic Control System. All articles presented here are peer-reviewed and are of good quality.

Focus and Scope of the Journal! Automatic Control and Systems Engineering ! Embedded Control Systems.! Adaptive Control Techniques! Real-Time Systems! Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems! Large Scale Control Systems! Intelligent Control Systems! Stochastic Control! Power System Control! Perceptual Control Systems! Digital and Analogue Control! Motion and Navigation Control! Temporal and Spectral System Analysis

International Journal of Automatic Control System is published twice a year (bi-annual) in India by

JournalsPub is an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. The outlooks stated in the articles do not

essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the

advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing

a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written

permission to the publisher.

To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English

reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub

([email protected]).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager

ChairmanMr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director,JournalsPub,

New Delhi

Hidam Renubala

Ankita Singh

Akanksha Marwah

Deepika Bhadauria

Commissioning Editors

Priyanka Garg

Chhavi Goel

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Dr Kaliappan E Jaya Engineering College,

Anna University, India

Dr. Steven Sheng-Uei Guan, Department of Computer Science & Software

Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China

Dr. Xiangshun Li Wuhan University of Technology, The

University of Auckland, China

Dr. Mallikarjuna Rao Pasumarthi Andhra university, India

Dr. V. Balaji Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia, South Africa

Dr. D. K. Bhalla Bhagwant Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad,

India

Dr. Vijay Raj Singh Physics, Boston University,

United States

A Rameshkumar Surendra Institute Of Engineering &

Management, Dhukuria, West Bengal, India

D.K. Chaturvedi Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of

Engg, D.E.I., Dayalbagh, Agra, India

Mr. Saptarshi Roy NIT Warangal, Telangana,

India

Senthil Venkatesalu, Center For Automation Technology,

Cochin, India

Dr. Hemen Ch. Medhi, Department of Electronics, St. Edmund's

College, Shillong,Meghalaya, India

Aseem Chandel, B.S.A College of Engineering and Technology,

Mathura, India

Lekshmi R. R, Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ettimadai, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Automatic Control System. This journal is part of the

Automatic Control System and is devoted to the scope of present Electrical Engineering

issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of

emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of

Automatic Control System as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral

part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electrical Engineering

community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.

The core vision of International Journal of Automatic Control System in JournalsPub is to propagate novel

awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research

societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electrical Engineering in general. Journals Pub

acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time &

successfully.

International Journal of Automatic Control System focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of

Automatic Control System Engineering Automatic Control and Systems Engineering Embedded Control

Systems, Adaptive Control Techniques, Real-Time Systems, Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, Large

Scale Control Systems, Intelligent Control Systems, Stochastic Control, Power System Control, Perceptual

Control Systems, Digital and Analogue Control, Motion and Navigation Control, Temporal and Spectral

System Analysis.

The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Automatic

Control System and solutions in the area.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electrical

Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of

creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting

new developments in the field of Automatic Control System.

This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we

would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the

editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electrical Engineering

readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Electrical Engineering.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Achieving Excellence in Manufacturing – Concepts, Strategies and Designing Eco-friendly Manufacturing Practices Anil Kr Chojar, Aditya Chojar 1

2. Optimization of Variants of LMS Algorithm for Adaptive Noise Cancellation 18

3. Modelling and Simulation of DVR – Ultracapcitor for Power Quality ImprovementDinesh Kumar Tiwari, Imran Khan 32

4. Performance Analysis of Boost Converter Using PI ControllerS. Vinoth Kumar, M.S. Sivagamasundari, D. Periyasamy 39

5. Multiadapter Using Buck Converter with PID ControllerD. Periyasamy, M.S. Sivagamasundari, S. Vinoth Kumar 46

Saurabh R Prasad, Santosh Shashikant Sutar, Yashwant V Joshi

6. SOP-Based Hybrid H-Bridge Nine Level Inverter Using PI ControllerE. Mahalakshmi, M. Germin Nisha 56

7. FLC-Based Analysis of LCC and MMC Hybrid HVDC Transmission SystemJ. Ezhil Hannah, S. Gomathi Kalyani 64

Contents

IJACS (2016) 1–17 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Automatic Control System Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Achieving Excellence in Manufacturing – Concepts, Strategies

and Designing Eco-friendly Manufacturing Practices

Anil Kr Chojar1*, Aditya Chojar

2

1Senior Consultant cum CEO and Vice-President Operations, drakc Consulting and Management Solutions,

New Delhi 2Business Development Executive, and Manager-IT systems and multimedia, drakc Consulting and

Management Solutions, New Delhi

Abstract

An organization’s survival depends upon its ability to adapt to the changes in the business

environment. The changes are often reflected in the new products and technologies launched

and used by competitors, shift in consumer preferences, and changes in government policies.

These factors often point to the need for a company to have excellence in manufacturing,

whose concept and implementation started developing in seventies due to the increased

global competition and rapid technological changes. New approaches like customer focus,

total quality management, just-in-time production, continuous improvement, lean

manufacturing, employee involvement, and other supporting processes were developed to

achieve manufacturing excellence under the domain of world-class manufacturing practices.

This paper discusses the underlying principles of world class manufacturing (WCM) model

and concept that has seen the emergence of companies from Japan, Germany, and the U.S.

and other countries across the world to dominate on the global scale with their high quality

products that continue to satisfy customers in their respective product segments. Despite

achieving excellence in manufacturing, coupled with economic growth they bring to their

countries, and possibly end-users also, as reflected by the rise in per capita income and

consumption levels in developed and emerging economies in recent decades, sustainability

concerns in the last 10-15 years have brought in new thinking to implement environment

management systems in manufacturers’ production systems and value chains. This may

require companies to re-design their internal and external strategies and processes in a

manner that our eco-system is not harmed. The focus of this paper is on sustainable

manufacturing, handling ecological and social challenges, and pursuit of green strategies to

design environment friendly products, technologies and production systems that will reduce

environmental impacts.

Keywords: customer focus, just-in-time, logistics, quality control, total quality management

INTRODUCTION

An organization’s ability to survive

depends upon its ability to meet demands

of the environment, which are always

changing. Owing to intensification of

global competition, many big

manufacturing companies, who once ruled

the market have disappeared, or eclipsed

as they could not adapt to changes in

production, regulatory, and marketing

environment. Examples from India include

Fiat India which was known for its premier

Padmini car, and Hindustan Motors,

whose Ambassador car model was once

popular across India, and is now facing

closure.[1]

IJACS (2016) 18-31 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 18

International Journal of Automatic Control System

Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Optimization of Variants of LMS Algorithm for Adaptive Noise

Cancellation

Saurabh R. Prasad1, Santosh Shashikant Sutar

2, Yashwant V. Joshi

3

1Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, DKTE Society’s Textile and Engineering

Institute, Ichalkaranji, India 2Yashwantrao Chavan School of Rural Development, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India

3Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, SGGS Institute of Engineering and

Technology, Nanded, India

Abstract

The most popular adaptive filtering algorithm is Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. This

algorithm is a gradient search method based upon steepest descent concept. There are

various types of LMS algorithm, such as Standard LMS, Normalized LMS, Block LMS, VS-

LMS, Signed LMS. The performance parameters of LMS algorithm include Numerical

Stability, Convergence, Robustness, Misadjustment etc. These requirements become more

stringent when real time applications are concerned. In such applications, the standard LMS

may not always be suitable; so other variants have been developed. In this article the

optimization of performance parameters of various LMS algorithms is done in MATLAB

environment which can be tested on DSP hardware like TMS320 processors or VLSI or any

suitable DSP hardware.

Keywords: Adaptive Filtering, FIR Filter, LMS Algorithm, Noise Filtering, Simulink

INTRODUCTION

An adaptive filter is a system of linear

filter that has a transfer function controlled

by filter parameters as well as by an

optimization algorithm used to adjust those

parameters. Because of the complexity of

the optimization algorithms, almost all

adaptive filters are digital filters. Adaptive

filters adapt themselves according to the

variation in input signal. Adaptive filter

can be implemented either as IIR and FIR;

however later is characterized by its

advantages like linear phase response,

guaranteed stability, no feedback

requirement and similarly disadvantages

like higher order and thus more

computational time compared to its

counterpart. So when high quality filtering

is requirement, FIR is the choice and when

cost is major concern, IIR is choice. The

operation of a linear adaptive filtering

involves two basic processes namely;

filtering process and adaptation process for

filter weight updating model determined

by some adaptive algorithm. These two

processes work interactively with each

other.

The first question that can be raised by

novice in this field is what the problems

are where we can’t use fixed digital filters.

The answer is, fixed digital filters are

useless in examples like; when the signal

and noise occupy the same frequency

components, or when the characteristics of

signal or noise are not stationary or

unknown. The practical example is ECG

imaging in which along with cardiac

signal, myographic signals are also

captured and both lie in the same



www.journalspub.com

Modelling and Simulation of DVR – Ultracapcitor for Power

Quality Improvement

Dinesh Kumar Tiwari*, Imran Khan AZAD IET, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The quality of the output power conveyed from the utilities has gotten to be significant worry

of the present day commercial ventures since last decay. These power quality related issues

are voltage sag, surge, flicker, voltage imbalance interference and harmonic issue. These

power quality issue may cause problems to the industries ranging from malfunctioning of

equipment’s to complete plant shut down. Those power quality problems affects the

microprocessor based load, process equipment’s, sensitive electric component which are

highly sensitive to voltage level fluctuations .With the invention of smart grid cost of various

energy storage technology decreasing continuously and it also become possible to integrate

all things with the real world. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) that can provide improved

sag and swell compensation with integrating energy storing capability. The ultra-capacitor

(UCAP) is a high and low energy density gadget with perfect attributes for voltages sag and

voltage swells pay. In this paper we are incorporating UCAP-based energy storage into DVR

topology. The UCAP-DVR blend will enhance dynamic power capacity and it will have the

capacity to repay voltages sag and voltages swell. UCAP will added into dc link of DVR

through a bidirectional dc-dc convertor. The simulation model of overall system is devolved

and result has been compared.

Keywords: DC–DC convertor, d–q control, DVR, IGBT, PLL, UCAP

INTRODUCTION

The idea of dynamic voltage restorers

(DVRs) first introduced by Woodley et

al[1]

for improving the momentary voltage

disturbance on utility side when first it has

been introduced it gain a lot of

appreciation for its extraordinary

performance[1-5]

. In[6-10]

authors suggested

that its application with rechargeable

energy storage at the dc terminal to meet

the active power requirement of the grid

during voltage disturbances. The author

also explained an alternative solution to

compensate voltage sag by introducing a

lagging voltage in quadrature with line

current.[11-14]

Due to high cost of

rechargeable energy storage different types

of control strategies have also been

introduced in literature.[15-20]

The high cost

of rechargeable energy storage device may

affect the use DVR in power quality

improvement but day by different types of

improvement has been taking place and

which also reducing high cost of DVR.

Therefore, there is a lot of renewed ideas

and invention[15,18]

taking place in

rechargeable energy storage at dc terminal

such as static compensator (STATCOM)

and DVR.[20]

Various types of rechargeable energy

storage technologies based on

superconducting magnets (FESS), batteries

(BESS), and ultra-capacitor (UCAPs) are

compared in ref.[18]

for integration in

advanced power system networks.



www.journalspub.com

Performance Analysis of Boost Converter Using PI Controller

S. Vinoth Kumar*, M.S. Sivagamasundari, D. Periyasamy Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V.V. College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract In this paper, the performance of boost converter is analyzed by using PI controller. The PI

controller controls the boost converters output voltage, rise time, peak time and settling time

of the response. It is typically used to compensate the input variations and provide tighter

control response of the output voltage. By varying the duty cycle of the boost converter, the

source impedance can be matched to adjust the load impedance to improve the efficiency of

the system. The analysis has been studied by MATLAB/Simulink.

Keywords: DC–DC boost converter, duty cycle, MATLAB simulation, PI controller

INTRODUCTION

DC–DC converters are operated in BUCK,

BOOST and BUCK-BOOST at different

voltage conversion ratios. Boost converters

are used to obtain higher output voltage in

comparison with the input DC voltage and

it is increasingly employed as front end

converters for battery sources,

photovoltaic solar systems and fuel

cells.[1–3]

These converters, when operated

under open loop condition, it exhibits poor

voltage regulation and unsatisfactory

dynamic response, and hence, this

converter is generally provided with closed

loop control for output voltage

regulation.[4]

The mode of operation of the

converter varies from ON to OFF state of

the power switch and traditionally small

signal linearization techniques have

largely been employed for controller

design.

Many control strategies have been

proposed switch ON and OFF (duty cycle)

is controlled to obtain the desired output

voltage. In past, closed loop control design

was carried out using small signal

linearization. Linear PID and PI

controllers are usually used DC–DC

converters are designed using standard

frequency response techniques based on

small signal model of the converter.

The design based on linear control theory

such as Ziegler–Nichol’s method,[5]

root

locus technique,[6]

circle-based criterion,[7]

hysteresis method,[8]

bode plot, etc. These

control strategies that are based on the

linearized small signal model of the

converter have good performance around

the operating point. However, a boost

converter’s small signal model changes

when the operating point varies. The poles

and a right-half-plane zero, as well as the

magnitude of the frequency response, are

all dependent on the duty cycle.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BOOST

CONVERTER

A DC–DC boost converter is used which

consists of boost inductor, diode,

MOSFET used as a switch, output filter

capacitance and resistive load. When

supply voltage is given, inductor current

increases when the switch is closed. When

the switch is opened, both inductor voltage



www.journalspub.com

Multiadapter Using Buck Converter with PID Controller

D. Periyasamy*, M.S. Sivagamasundari, S. Vinoth Kumar

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V.V. College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

This paper presented a model of switch mode dc–dc converter incorporated with the

proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The dc–dc converter (buck) will step down

the input dc voltage of 12 to 3–20 V. The PID controller will control the outputs which are

voltage and current and those will be display in graph. The PID controller is tuned to get the

highest quality of output. The switching frequency of the dc–dc converter (buck) is set to 48

kHz for faster switching operation. This system is implemented in MATLAB Simulink

software and hardware.

INTRODUCTION

Main target in power electronics is to

convert electrical energy from one form to

another. To make electrical energy to

reach the load with highest efficiency is

the target to be achieved. Power

electronics also targets to reduce the size

of the device to convert these energy

which aims to reduce cost, smaller in size

and high availability. In this project the

power electronic device that use is dc to dc

converter.

There are four types of dc to dc

converter:[1]

(i) Buck

(ii) Boost

(iii)Buck-boost

(iv) Cuk

The dc–dc converter for this project is

buck converter. Buck is use to convert

unregulated dc input to a controlled dc

output with a desired voltage level. The

buck will step down the input voltage 24

to 3–20 V dc with the switching frequency

48 kHz. Together with buck is

proportional-integral-derivative (PID)

controller that uses to control the

behaviors of the system in linear. This

system is a close loop system with

feedback. The software used for

simulation is MATLAB SIMULINK. This

project consists of modeling, simulation

and stability analysis

BASIC OF DC TO DC CONVERTER

Instead of using transformer we also can

use switching converter to step down the

input voltage, the reason why should use

converter because typically the output

produced is at a different voltage level

than the input. In addition, DC-to-DC

converters are used to provide noise

isolation, power bus regulation, etc. In this

project, basically we must know how the

converter operates and the operation of the

system. A DC-to-DC converter is a device

that accepts a DC input voltage and

produces a DC output voltage.[2]

PWM AND TRANSISTORS

PWM is the main part in designing a buck

converter. By using pulse-width

modulation (PWM) control, regulation of

output voltage is achieved by varying the

duty cycle of the switch. Duty cycle refers

to ratio of the period where power



www.journalspub.com

SOP-Based Hybrid H-Bridge Nine Level Inverter Using PI

Controller

E. Mahalakshmi*, M. Germin Nisha ME-Power Electronics and Drives, V.V. College Of Engineering, Thisayanvillai, India

Abstract This paper over observed the medium-voltage (MV) multilevel converters with an emphasis

on attaining less harmonic distortion and worthy effectiveness at low switching frequency

operation. Generating of gate signals for hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter at low

switching frequency using Synchronous Optimal Pulse width Modulation technique. The PI

controller controls the output voltage of nine levels MLI by manipulating the modulation

index of gate driver circuit. In proposed inverter the number of DC sources in cascaded

hybrid MLI is reduced by incorporating of diodes and capacitors. This hybrid cascaded

multilevel inverter allows operation at multiple of dc-link voltage and reduce the total

harmonic distortion (THD). Low switching frequency reduces the switching losses of the

power semiconductor devices.

INTRODUCTION

Inverters are o used to provide power to

electronics devices in the case of a power

outage or for activities such as camping,

where no power is available. The inverter

converts a direct current (DC) or battery

power into an alternating current (AC) or

household power. The lot of industrial

applications require high power

apparatus in recent years. Some of the

medium and high voltage motor drives,

utility applications require medium

voltage and megawatt power level. For a

medium voltage grid, it is problem to

connect only one power semiconductor

switch directly. As a result multilevel

inverter structure has brought in for high

power and medium voltage application.

A multilevel inverter not only achieves

high power ratings and also enables to

use in on renewable energy sources.

Renewable energy sources such as

photovoltaic, wind and fuel cells are

easily interfaced with the multilevel

converter system for a high power

application.

The concept of multilevel inverters

brought in since 1975.[1]

The term

multilevel commenced with the three

level inverters.[2]

Afterwards, several

multilevel inverter topologies have been

formulated. However, the elementary

concept of a multilevel inverter is used to

achieve higher power by use a series of

power semiconductor switches with

several dc voltage sources to perform the

power changeover by synthesizing a

staircase voltage waveform.

Renewable sources like solar, wind mills,

batteries, capacitors are used as an

multiple dc sources in order that achieved

expected voltage, nevertheless, the

valued voltage of the semiconductor

devices depends only upon the rating of

the dc voltage sources connected to it. A

multilevel inverter is a more powerful

inverter than ordinary standard inverter



www.journalspub.com

FLC-Based Analysis of LCC and MMC Hybrid HVDC

Transmission System

J. Ezhil Hannah*, S. Gomathi Kalyani

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, V.V. College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu,

India

Abstract To meet the high demand of electrical energy, reliable and stable transmission facilities are

required. Due to several disadvantages in AC transmission lines such as thermal limits,

corona effect, skin effect, etc. HVDC came into existence. HVDC has proved to be more

durable and reliable in case of long distance and under water transmission. A new hybrid

HVDC system, which combines the best features of line-commutated converter and VSC

technology, is proposed. The proposed system constitute the robust performance and low

capital cost and power loss of a line commutated HVDC converter, with the fast dynamic

performance of a MMC system. It also describes the principles and control strategies of the

proposed system. The most challenging issue in the operation of MMC is sub-module voltage

balancing. The phase shifted multi carrier PWM technique is introduced in this proposed

system to rectify the voltage balancing problem. The FLC controller is employed to provide

the better stability of dc voltage. The voltage distortion of MMC was reduced and gives low

THD. Finally, the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation verifications have been carried out based

on a 250-MW/ 110-kV LCC–MMC hybrid HVDC system and its dc network.

Keywords: HVDC, hybrid transmission, MMC, LCC, phase shifted multi carrier PWM

technique, sub-module voltage balancing

INTRODUCTION

For the bulk power transmission, the

HVDC electric power transmission system

uses direct current, in contrast with the

more common alternating current systems.

In the long-distance transmission, HVDC

systems may be less expensive and have

lower electrical losses. HVDC is useful in

the underwater power cables, because it

avoids the heavy currents required to

charge and discharge the cable

capacitance.

For shorter distances HVDC transmission

is not economic hence the cost of DC

conversion equipment is high compared to

an AC system. Also, HVDC allows power

transmission between unsynchronized AC

transmission systems. The existing

commercial VSC-HVDC system trip the

ac circuit breakers to clear the fault in dc

line obviously, this is the most economical

and widely used method but the response

of mechanical switches is slow.

To solve this problem, a line commutated

converter (LCC)-modular multilevel

converter (MMC) hybrid HVDC

transmission system is proposed. This

hybrid topology uses the LCC-based

rectifier at its sending side and the MMC-

based inverter at its receiving side.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_power_cable

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronization_(alternating_current)

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and InfrastructurePlanning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

5 more... 4 more...

Subm

it

Your

Article 2

016



IJACSJAN – JUNE 2016

www.journalspub.com

international journal of automatic control system vol 2 issue 1

Education