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International Journals of Engineering & Sciences

IJENS Vol: 13 Issue 01

February 2013

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International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)

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International Journals of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS

International Journals of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS

International Journals of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS

International Journals of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS

International Journals of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS

International Journals of Video & Image Processing and Network Security IJVIPNS-IJENS

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ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.9387 Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

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IJET

Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)

Title: A Novel Photobiodegradation Technology for Hydrocarbon Wastewater Treatment

Author(s): Agung Sri Hendarsa, Heri Hermansyah, Slamet

Pages: 01-06 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 130301-2525-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |452 KB

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Abstract: A pilot plant study to treat hydrocarbon wastewater treatment was carried out in sequential

photocatalytic and membrane bio reactor. It was called a novel photobiodegradation technology to reduce

phenol, ammonia (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the water body. Titanium dioxide (TiO2 P25

Degussa) was suspended into reactor as photocatalyst. Consortium Acinetobacter was introduced into

membrane bio reactor as aerob biocatalyst. From this study, the results showed that the removal rates for

chemical oxygen demand (COD) was stable and averaged 90%. The average removal rates for NH3-N were

shown to be 98%. The removal rates for phenol were shown to be greater than 98%. This demonstrated that

photobiodegradation had superior treatment effect on the above contaminants.

Keywords: Aerob, photocatalyst, biocatalyst, hydrocarbon wastewater, photobiodegradation

130301-2525-IJET-IJENS.pdf





Title: The Use Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer As a External Confinement In a

Circular Column

Author(s): Ayuddin, H. Parung, M.W.Tjaronge, R. Djamaluddin


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Abstract: The column is an important structural component for supporting axial load, bending moment and shear

force. Damage caused by shear failure is seen as the most dangerous because the damage can cause structural

collapse suddenly. Therefore the columns of a building that has inadequate shear strength so that needs to be

strengthened with appropriate methods. One method that is appropriate to maintain the stability of structural elements

of the column is a confinement. In this study, the materials to be used as a confinement of the CFRP material

therefore has a a high tensile strength light weight, and it’s easy in implementation. The method used in this study is a

method of confinement with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) with model testing of concentric loading. In this

study, the specimen will be used 9 specimens of the circular columns with models of variation is 3 specimens of RC

circular columns without the use of CFRP, 3 specimens of RC circular columns using transverse and longitudinal

reinforcement, and 3 specimens of RC circular columns using transverse and longitudinal reinforcement and Carbon

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) as an external confinement. The Circular column with a diameter of 130 mm,

height 700 mm with reinforcement longitudinal 6 Ø 10 and spiral reinforcement for the transverse reinforcement is Ø

8-50 mm. The experimental results show an increase in the capacity of a circular column, for transverse and

longitudinal reinforcement confinement happen a increasing the strength of 60 % if it's compared with no use of

CFRP confinement and the circular column capacity that use a confinement of transverse and longitudinal

reinforcement and also using CFRP as external confinement has increased by 80 % if it’s compared with no use of

CFRP confinement and the circular column capacity of transverse and longitudinal reinforcement confinement to

confinement of transverse and longitudinal reinforcement and also using CFRP as external confinement have a increasing the strength of 12.5 %. .

Keywords: CFRP, circular column, strength increase, confinement










Title: Ultrasonic Testing Of Carbon Epoxy Laminate Ply Drop

Author(s): R.Sultan, S. Guirguis, M. Younes, E. El-Soaly

Pages: 14-18 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 130101-05-7474-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |320 KB

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Abstract: Composite materials are widely used in a number of industrial sectors from aviation, space, to boat

building, automotive, and sports goods. Ultrasonic C-scans are used frequently to detect defects in

composite materials caused during fabrication and damage resulting from service conditions. Evaluation

and characterization of defects and damage require experience and good understanding of the composites.

Under low-velocity impact loading delamination was observed. Impacts simulating practical conditions like

tool-drop and runway debris induce defects such as delaminations, which are sub-surface in nature and are

barely visible on the surface. Hence detection, evaluation and characterization of these delaminations are of

major concern in aerospace industries as the life of the component depends on the size and shape of the

delamination. In present paper, the results of extensive experimental ultrasonic C-scans using the pulse-

echo immersion method on carbon epoxy laminate ply drop specimens impacted by low-velocity impact test

were introduced to detect the invisible delamination. The capability of C-scan testing to detect the

delamination was investigated. Also an attempt was done to solve the problem of sound wave lack at ply

drop zone.

Keywords: Ultrasonic test, C-scan, Carbon epoxy laminate ply drop, Delamination.






Title: Study on Surface Roughness and Chip Formation During Milling Operation of Mild

Steel Using Vegetable Based Oil as a Lubricant

Author(s): S. A. Adam, N.A. Shuaib, M.R.M. Hafiezal, S. N. Suhaili


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Abstract: The purpose of this project research is focused on the study of surface roughness and chip

formation during milling operation of Mild Steel using vegetable based oil as a lubricant. Experimental set up

designed by using milling machine. Taguchi Method of Orthogonal Array with factorial design of

experiments used to analysis the response. Surface roughness and chip formation predicting models was

developed by using experimental data and analysis of the present lubricant and vegetables based oil. In the

development of predictive models, cutting parameters of cutting velocity, feed rate, and depth of cut were

considered as model variables. Further, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique was used to analyze the

influence of process parameters and their interaction during machining. From the analysis, it is observed

that cutting speed is the most significant factor on the surface roughness followed by depth of cut and feed

rate. While Sunflower Oil gives the lowest surface roughness by setting of the best combination parameter.

Besides, the most influenced factor that contributes to larger chip formation is depth of cut. Even the lower

cutting speed and smaller feed rate had been used, the size still become larger when it comes to the

increasing of depth of cut.

Keywords: Chip Formation, Lubricants, Machining, Surface Roughness, Taguchi Method of Orthogonal Array







Title: Efficient Numerical Scheme of the Dynamics of Nonisothermal Thin Film Flow

Author(s): Moustafa A. Soliman, Khalid Alhumaizi


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Abstract: In this work we use Lubrication type method, based on the possibility of the separation of

longitudinal and transversal length scales to simplify the analysis of thin film dynamics. We study the

dynamics of evaporating thin liquid films on an inclined plane, where the effect of van der Waal forces is

significant. The numerical solution of the evolution equation is carried out using the method of orthogonal

collocation and is used for the study of the instabilities of evaporating thin film to identify conditions for

efficient operation. For symmetric cases where the plane is horizontal, a two spline collocation second order

formulation method that makes use of the symmetry seems most appropriate. For inclined plane, a spline

collocation first order formulation method is most efficient.

Keywords: Thin film flow, lubrication theory , orthogonal collocation









Title: Removal of Cu(II) from Water by Adsorption on Chicken Eggshell

Author(s): Nurul Aimi binti Rohaizar, Norhafizah binti Abd. Hadi, Wong Chee Sien


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Abstract: The use of chicken eggshell as adsorbent for the removal of copper (II) from water was

investigated in the present study. The effects of different parameters such as pH of the solution, agitation

rate and contact time on the adsorption process were studied. The optimum conditions for Cu(II) adsorption

by chicken eggshell were found to be at pH 7 with the agitation rate of 350 rpm. Equilibrium data were

analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the data were fitted well to Freundlich isotherm

model. The adsorption kinetics data were evaluated by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order

models. The data were well correlated with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which indicated that

chemisorption processes could be the rate-limiting step in the adsorption process. The results show that

chicken eggshell has the potential to be used as biosorbent for adsorption of copper (II) from water.

Keywords: Copper, chicken eggshell, adsorption isotherm, kinetic model






Title: Parametric Study on a Solar Still Located in Aswan, Egypt of Hot and Dry Climate

Author(s): Soubhi A. Hassanein, M. Attalla


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Abstract: All over the world access to potable water to the people are narrowing down day by day. Most of

the human diseases are due to polluted or non purified water resources. Solar distillation proves to be both

economical and eco-friendly technique particularly in rural areas. So a parametric study on a solar still

located in Aswan, Egypt, is presented in this research. Solar Stills operate on the same principles that

produce rainfall. The Sun is allowed into and trapped in the Still. The high temperatures produced destroy all

pathogens. The water evaporates, and condense on the glass. The glass is sloped to the south, and the

condensed water runs down the glass and is collected in a trough. The water is allowed out of the collector

through tubing, and is collected in glasses. Static solar technologies as well as one axis sun tracking were

compared. In addition to the effect of some parameters such as unit orientation, cooling water rate, radiation

and convection loss was studied in detail. The results show that The highest water productivities per unit

area are obtained by using combining of both FPC and PTC , cooling condensing surface ,and directed in

south orientation.

Keywords: Parametric Study; Solar Distillation; Solar Thermal Collector; Water Productivity






Title: Polarisation-Diverse MIMO System Performance for Mobile Phones Wlan

Application

Author(s): Muhammad Usman


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Abstract: A triple dual-band inverted F antenna system is presented, intended for MIMO applications in

mobile handsets accessing high-speed wireless local area networks (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n standards). A

comprehensive study was carried out in order to understand the enhancement of channel capacity and the

effect of polarisation diversity. Means of achieving minimum coupling between the three antennas were

investigated over the 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands. The antennas are placed in a geometry configuration

appropriate to implement the desired field and polarisation diversities. All of the three polarised antennas in

the system are resonant at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz, with the return loss and coupling less than -12dB. The

overall volumetric dimensions of each antenna were 30158 mm. Each antenna contains two parts: a PIFA

resonant at 2.4 GHz and an inverted-L behaving as a capacitive load and responsible for the resonance at 5.2

GHz The results has been calculated for the 3x3MIMO system without and with human hand around it.

Keywords: Multiple Input Multiple Output communications (MIMO), Planar Inverted F Antenna, Channel

capacity, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)
























Title: Aeroelastic Sensitivity Analysis of Airliner Wing

Author(s): Jiri Cecrdle, Ph.D., Ondrej Vich


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Abstract: This paper describes the airliner wing flutter sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity coefficients

defines the influence of the structural parameters changes to the structure eigenvalue and flutter stability

characteristics. Evaluated structural parameters represent the possible changes of the structure due to the

installation of the smart high-lift devices at the leading and trailing edge region. In general, we can suppose

the increasing of the mass and mass moment of inertia around the elastic axis and decreasing of the

stiffness. Described effects are ordinarily considered destabilizing regarding the flutter. The main aim of the

presented work is to evaluate the impact of components to the stability and to define the most critical

regions or parameters.

Keywords: Aeroelasticity, flutter, eigenvalue, sensitivity








Title: Modelling Approach for Discrete Event Systems Through Petri Nets and Timed

Automata

Author(s): Mhamdi.L, Dhouibi.H, SIMEU-ABAZI.Z, Liouane.N


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Abstract: In this paper we propose a new modeling approach. The proposed approach is based on hybrid model

which combines Interval Constrained Petri Nets (ICPN) and Timed Automata. These tools allow us to evaluate,

respectively, the quality variations and to manage the flow type disturbance. An example analysis illustrates our

approach.

Keywords: Modeling, Petri Nets, Timed Automata, Interval Constraint Petri Nets, Robustness.









Title: Development Of Co Gas Sensing Based SnO2 Thin Film

Author(s): I DewaPutuHermida, Yuyu R. Tayubi, Rani Nopriyanti


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Abstract: This research, have done design and fabrication CO gas sensing based on SnO2 thin film by sol gel

method. For component of gas sensing such as electrode was made of gold by sputtering and heater was

made of PdAg by screen printing. So that, sensor is expected to yields high sensitivity. Tests on sensors is

conducted to determine the effect of temperature on the resistance of the sensor and the sensitivity of the

sensor with a given flow rate of 10 ppm CO gas. The effect that occur in the sensor gas that when the

temperature that given to sensor is enlarged then the sensitivity will increase as well, but when the

temperature is given to sensor through its operational temperature sensor, the sensitivity of sensor value

will decrease. It also conducted tests using SEM and EDS to determine the morphology and composition of

the constituent sensor. Thus shown that the coating formed sensor has 21.21% C atoms, 22.43% O atoms,

14.98% Si atoms, 0.34% Cr atoms, 1.16% Ag atoms, 1.78% Sn atoms, and 38.11% Au atoms. Operational

temperature owned by this sensor is 95° C with the highest sensitivity value of this sensor is 16.59.

Keywords: SnO2, CO gas sensing, sensitivity, sputtering.









Title: A Soil Gas Radon Survey to Determine Fault at Southern Part of Rajabasa

Geothermal Field, Lampung Indonesia

Author(s): Nandi Haerudin, Wahyudi, Suprajitno Munadi, Wiwit Suryanto


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Abstract: A soil gas survey for radon was carry out at the southern part of Rajabasa geothermal field,

Lampung Indonesia. Survey area included 5.25 km2 and choosed 56 measurement point that was range 250 -

350 m spacing distance. The Radon concentration was measured by Scintrex Radon detector RDA 200. The

result of radon soil gas survey performed high radon concentration in the three manifestations wich was

included survey area; those are 123 cpm in Gunung Botak hot spring, 145 cpm Kunjir fumarole and 76 cpm

Bulakan (Cugung) fumarole. Three manifestation connected by two fault that were the fist went from

Gunung Botak tended west-southwest to east-northeast direction through Kunjir and the other went from

south-southwest to north-northeast accros the fist line to Bulakan fumarole.

Keywords: Geothermal field, Radon, soil gas survey.









Title: Comparison of Surface Flows Derived from Different Resolution DEM

Author(s): Bashir Rokni Deilami, Malik Rashid Abbas Al-Saffar, Afsaneh Sheikhi, Muhammad Isa Bala, Dermayana

Arsal


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Abstract: This paper presents the comparison of two digital elevation model (Dem) at different spatial

resolution in Scania (Sweden). Dem as being digital representation of landscape topography consists of

elevation values in an array; landscape features such as slope, aspect, drainage areas and channel network

can be rapidly extracted using specialized numerical algorithms.Two elevation datasets have been used in

this study: Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 90m resolution and GSD-Höjddata 50 m spatial

resolution. The Study area is Skåne County also known as Scania County in English. It is the southernmost

administrative county, of Sweden with an area of 11300 km2 (55°59′43″N 13°26′30″E). Arcgis software was

used in this paper for analysis. The method has four subdivisions: data harmonization, investigating and

filling sinks, modelling the surface flows and comparing the surface flows with a settled evaluation test.

First, flow direction was extracted from DEM (D8 method) and sink areas were inspected and filled, and then

flow accumulation and stream network were produced. Finally, streams were derived from both DEMs and

compared with river vector data (reality). The result shows that the streams derived from GSD-Höjddata 50m

resolution fits better to river data (reality) in comparison with streams extracted from resampled SRTM 90m

resolution DEM.

Keywords: DEM, GIS, Spatial resolution, Sweden






Title: Elevated Temperature Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Martensitic Cast Steel

Author(s): Stanisław Mroziński, Grzegorz Golański


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Abstract: This work investigated the elevated temperature low cycle fatigue (LCF) properties of

GX12CrMoVNbN9–1 (GP91) cast steel. Fatigue tests were performed for five levels of total strain amplitude

ξac and temperature of 400, 550 and 600oC. In addition, the preliminary results from tensile test were

presented. Strong cyclic softening was observed in all fatigue tests at elevated temperatures without

stabilization period of loop parameters. The plastic strain amplitudes during cyclic strain loading were

measured and correlated with the fatigue lifetime using Coffin – Mason – Basquin plots at each test

temperature. The fatigue lifetime decreased as the temperature test increased. The temperature effect on

lifetime was more pronounced at low strain amplitudes.

Keywords: Fatigue, Mechanical properties, Lifetime estimation, Cast.






Title: Micro-Structure Characterization of Composite Wind Turbine Blade Following

Structural Testing

Author(s): Časlav Mitrović, Nebojša Petrović, Dragoljub Bekrić, Aleksandar Bengin, Branislav Rakićevic


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Abstract: This paper presents the results of research of the microstructure of the composite blade W55RBVS

for the wind turbine of up to 6kW power after structural testing up to failure. The first part of the testing

consists of the static testing of the structure up to the moment of the blade failure. The aim of the first part of

the test was to define rigidity of the blade W55RBVS, to determine the maximum force which leads to faliure

and the relative span of the blade failure. Blade testing is performed in the Aerotechnics Laboratory of the

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade University. The second part of the testing consists of

comparing the critically loaded part with sub-critically loaded part. This test was carried out by atomic force

microscopy (Eng. Atomic Force Microscopy-AFM). All the results and analysis are presented in this paper.

The test result will be used to redesign the blades.

Keywords: Structural Testing, Small Wind Turbine, Composite Blade, Blade Testing, Microstructure, Atomic

Force Microscopy.









Title: Gas Cooling Through Galaxy Formations

Author(s): Mariwan A. Rasheed, Mohamad A. Brza


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Title: Physical Properties of Sunflower Seeds Components Related to Kernel Pneumatic

Separation

Author(s): Gamal Rashad Gamea


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Abstract: The first part of the present study deals with some physical properties for sunflower seeds

components (seeds, hulls and kernels) related to pneumatic separation which are evaluated as a function of

change in moisture content from 8% to 14% (d.b.). Simple linear empirical equations were developed to

predict sunflower seeds components properties according to moisture content. All dimensions, mass, angle

of repose, coefficient of fraction, and terminal velocity increased linearly with the moisture content increased

up to 14 %, while the bulk density decreased linearly with the moisture content increased. The second part

was carried out on a series of experiments to specify the optimum conditions of separating operation which

ensure the highest grade of separation efficiency with minimum kernel losses. Pneumatic separation

equipment was tested under different combinations of the following factors: air stream velocity, feed rate,

broken kernels percentage and moisture content by using indices separation efficiency and kernel losses.

The combination of air velocity , feed rate, broken kernels % and moisture content affected significantly the

separation efficiency and kernel losses. Air stream velocity of 3.5 m/s combined with 30 kg/h feed rate, 10%

broken kernels and (10 – 12%) moisture content can be considered the most favorable combination values.

Keywords: Sunflower kernels, pneumatic separation, terminal velocity, kernel losses







Title: Using of a Compatibilizer to Improve Morphological, Physical and Mechanical

Properties of Biodegradable Plastic From Thermoplastic Starch/LLDPE Blends

Author(s): Waryat, M. Romli, A. Suryani, I. Yuliasih, S. Johan


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Abstract: Problems encountered in the manufacture of biodegradable plastic are not compatible between

hydrophilic/polar and hydrophobic/non-polar materials. To improve the compatibility between the two

material blend were added materials such as compatibilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the

effect of compatibilizer on the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable plastics made from

thermoplastic starch (TPS) and LLDPE blend. This study is divided three steps, that is preparation of

thermoplastic starch, preperation of compatibilizer (LLDPE/HDPE-g-MA), and preperation of biodegradable

plastic. The parameters observed morphological structure, functional group, Melt Flow Rate and mechanical

properties. morphological structure of biodegradable plastic become compatible and homogeneous with the

using of compatibilizer with the marked spread of TPS into the polymer matrix. Compatibilizer is able to

mediate between two materials which have characteristics different that is LLDPE (hydrophobic) and TPS

(hydrophilic). C = O stretching was resulted from ester group formation between TPS and MA-g_LLDPE

with the wavelength absorption of 1639.89 cm -1, 1632.47 cm -1 and 1649.18 cm -1. Using of a compatibilizer

made biodegradable plastic more compatible, homogeneous and good mechanical properties.

Compatibilizer can improve surface adhesivitas between LLDPE and TPS blend. The presence of MA-g-

LLDPE resulted greater physical and mechanical properties of biodegrdabel plastic than without

compatibilizer.

Keywords: Compatibilizer, TPS, LLDPE, biodegradable plastic










ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.4462 Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)

Title: Multivariate Outlier Detection in Currency Exchange Rate

Author(s): Shamshuritawati Sharif, Maman. A. Djauhari, Nur Syahidah Yusoffi

Pages: 01-05 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 1215906-1301-4747-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |351 KB

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Abstract: In correlation networks analysis, the influential currencies is usually identified by using minimal spanning

tree (MST) to filter the important information followed by the centrality measures analysis. In this paper, we introduce

an analysis to identify the currencies that might have different behaviour compared to the others which is also

conducted based on MST by using outlier labelling and testing. A case study on 78 currency exchange rate will be

reported and discussed.

Keywords: Correlation matrix; distance matrix; gamma distribution; Kruskal‟s Algorithm

1215906-1301-4747-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

1215906-1301-4747-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

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1215906-1301-4747-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf


Title: A Parametric Study for the Stopping Power of Some Electron Gas Targets Using

Extended Bethe Formula

Author(s): Sherzad A. Taha, Dlshad O. Abdulrahim, Omed Gh. Abdullah

Pages: 06-08 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 130801-6262-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) |394 KB

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Abstract: Within the frame of Bethe theory, and within the first Born approximation, the basic formula for

energy loss including excitation and ionization of the coupled (projectile-target) system for both (H and C) as

projectile and a number of atoms like (Li, Be, B, C, N, Al, Ca, Fe, Co, and Cu) as targets were considered. The

effective charges and the stopping for both samples were measured. Reasonable causes for their variations

with velocity functions are found, and within some obeyed rules. The results are interpreted logically. Mostly

the peak value of the stopping power in the case of (H) is more than (C) because of their difference in

electron density, and atomic bonding energies. The results were compared with the available experimental

data counterparts and it has been observed that they are extremely agreed with other.

Keywords: Bethe Formula, Stopping power, Effective Charge

130801-6262-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf






Title: On the Vibration Behavior Study of a Nonlinear Flexible Composite Beam Under

Excitation Forces via Nonlinear Active Vibration Controller

Author(s): Y. S. Hamed, S. K. Elagan


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Abstract: The main object of this work is the mathematical study of the vibration behavior in a nonlinear

flexible composite beam described by non-linear differential equations and we focus on the application of

different control algorithms for a flexible composite, geometrically nonlinear beam–like structure with Macro

Fiber Composite (MFC) actuator. Multiple scale perturbation method is applied to obtain the solutions of

flexible composite beam and the nonlinear saturation controller (NSC) up to the second order approximation

and to study the stability of the steady state solution near different simultaneous resonance cases. The

resulting different resonance cases are reported and studied numerically. The stability of the steady state

solution near the selected resonance cases is studied applying both frequency response equations and

phase-plane technique. The effects of the different parameters of the system and the controllers on the

system behavior are studied numerically. The effects of NSC controller on the system are investigated

numerically. Comparison with the available published work is reported.

Keywords: A flexible composite beam, Stability, Vibration control, Resonance.







Title: An Exact Solutions for the Generalized Fractional Kolmogrove-Petrovskii Piskunov

Equation by Using the Generalized -Expansion Method

Author(s): Taha Elghareb, S. K. Elagan, Y. S. Hamed, M. Sayed


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Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the generalized - expansion method for construct an explicit

Exact traveling wave solutions involving parameters of the fractional generalized Kolmogrove-Petrovskii

Piskunov equation , for some special parameter where satisfies a

second order linear differential equation , , , where , are functions

of t and , our problem Comparison with the available published work is reported. Keywords: A

flexible composite beam, Stability, Vibration control, Resonance.















Title: Using a Complex Transformation to get an Exact Solution for Fractional

Generalized Coupled MKDV and KDV Equations

Author(s): Mohamed Saad, S. K. Elagan, Y. S. Hamed, M. Sayed


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Abstract: In this paper, we use the fractional derivatives in the sense of Caputo to construct exact solution

for fractal derivative generalized coupled mKdV and KdV equation ,

. Many authors got to an approximate solution for fractal derivative generalized

coupled mKdV and KdV equation. We apply a generalized fraction complex transformation [12, 13, 15] to

convert this equation to ordinary differential equation. Finally, we obtain to a new exact solution for it by

using a novel technique.

Keywords: Generalized Coupled mKdV and KdV equation, Caputo Derivative, Fractal Index.







Title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Middle-Aged Adults in Ahiazu

Mbaise Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria

Author(s): Mbah, B.O., Eme, P.E. , Ezeji J.


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Abstract: The thrust of the study was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of hypertension

among middle-aged persons in Ahiazu Mbaise Local Government Area, Imo State. A total of 200 subjects

aged 40-60 years were selected and used for the study. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height)

were taken. Body Mass Index (BMI) of the subjects was also calculated. The blood pressure measurements

of the subjects were also collected using a sphygmomanometer and then classified using standard methods.

A structured interviewer administered questionnaires were used to obtain information on the socio-

economic characteristics, personal data and risk factors associated with hypertension among the subjects.

The Statistical Package for social sciences was used for data analyses. The prevalence of hypertension

(32.5%) was found among the subjects with a higher proportion in female subjects (20.0%) than males

(12.5%). A quarter of the subjects (25.0%) were either overweight or obese. Less than half (30.0%) of the

subjects had a frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages and 23.0% had a frequent intake of salty foods.

These were all implicated as the risk factors of high blood pressure. There is need for preventive strategies

on hypertension control and enlightening the public on the risk factors of hypertension especially high BMI

and wrong eating habit and lifestyle should be encouraged

Keywords: Prevalence, risk factors, hypertension, middle-aged, Imo State.

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Title: Reproduction Aspects of Marine Worms Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840) in Langgur

Waters, Lesser Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku Regency, Indonesia

Author(s): Martha Rettob, Diana Arfiati, Luchman Hakim, Lawrence Lumingas


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Abstract: Marine worm class Polychaeta, Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840), is used by many local residents

in the Langgur waters as food. But in the collection the fishermen capture them before the spawn. The

practices might decline in catches since the purpose of the worms to surface is to release gametes.

Therefore, the catching period needs to be regulated based on bio-ecological aspects. The purpose of this

study was to observe the dynamics of P. cultrifera worm catches, to analyze distribution of egg diameter,

fecundity, and spawning peaks and to establish catching regulation. Sampling was carried out every month

in June 2010 through May 2011 in the Langgur waters using a line transect sampling method along the

shoreline. At any time of collection, samples were weighed to determine the biomass, then 5% of the

samples preserved in 50% alcohol solution. From the samples preserved were taken 10 and 40 individuals

respectively for egg diameter measurement and fecundity determination. The highest biomass was obtained

in September of 6346 g that indicated the spawning peak. The largest eggs were 110 μm and the highest

fecundity of 27,000 eggs was obtained in October. The dynamics of the catch showed that mature gametes

can be found throughout the year. Juvenile individuals were available only from June to August. Thus, the

correct closing period for catching the P. cultrifera worms would be from June to October.

Keywords: Polychaeta, Perinereis cultrifera, bio-ecology, marine worm catching.
















Title: Expert System-Based Predictive Cost Model for Building Works: Neural Network

Approach

Author(s): Amusan, L.M, Mosaku, T.O, Ayo, C.K, Adeboye, A.B


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Abstract: Project managers need accurate estimate of building projects to be able to choose appropriate

alternatives for their constructions. Estimated costs of building projects, which hitherto have been based on

regression models, are usually left with gaps for high margin of errors and as well, they lack the capacity to

accommodate certain intervening variables as construction works progress. Data of past construction

projects of the past 2 years were adjusted and used for the study. This model is developed and tested as a

predictive cost model for building projects based on Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

with Levenberg Marqua. This model is capable of helping professionals save time, make more realistic

decisions, and help avoid underestimating and overestimating of project costs. The model is a step ahead of

Regression models.

Keywords: Expert-System, Predictive cost, Neural-Network, Cost, Model and Regression.









Title: Morphological Changes of Cell in Relation to Increased Catharanthine Content of

Catharanthus roseus Cell Aggregate Culture after Tryptophan Treatment

Author(s): Dingse Pandiangan, Wenny Tilaar, Nelson Nainggolan


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Abstract: A study on changes in cell morphology and its association with increased catharanthine content in

Catharanthus roseus cell cultures after tryptophan treatment has been carried out. This study was part of a

strategy to improve the content of catharanthine. One strategy used was the addition of tryptophan as a

precursor. Increased content of catharanthine is essential in in vitro culture in order to keep the

catharanthine content at least equal to those grown in nature (in vivo). The research was conducted in the

laboratory using MS medium with tryptophan 50-250 mg/L. The results showed that cell morphology was

essentially the same for each treatment. The apparent discrepancy was the presence of long cells in higher

number in the treatment of tryptophan. The highest ratio was obtained from the treatment of 150 mg/L

tryptophan on day 14 of culture. There was relation between changes in cell morphology (more long cells)

with the increased content of catharanthine after tryptophan treatment. The highest content occurred on day

14 after 150 mg/L treatment of tryptophan with 75% long cells (specialized cells) and 50.96 µg/g dry weight of

catharanthine content.

Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, cell culture, cell morphology, tryptophan, catharanthine.














Title: On Some Fractional-Integro Partial Differential Equations

Author(s): Mahmoud M. El-Borai, Abou-Zaid H. El-Banna, Walid H. Ahmed


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Abstract: In this paper, an inverse optimal control problem is introduced with state function governed by

fractional partial differential equation. The existence of the control and necessary optimality conditions are

proved.

Keywords: Fractional calculus, partial differential equations, Optimal control.










Title: Fractionation Of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters From Virgin Coconut Oil

Via Transesterification and Distillation Under Reduced Pressure

Author(s): Jusman, Bambang Setiaji, Triyono, Akhmad Syoufian


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Abstract: A study fractionation of medium chain fatty acids ethyl esters from virgin coconut oil via

transesterification and distillation under reduced pressure. Transesterification was strarted by preparing

sodium ethoxyde from sodium hydroxyde and ethanol and then mixed it with the coconut oil : ratio

ethanol/oil (1:2), stirring speed 500 rpm, 2% NaOH catalyst concentration, and reaction time of 60 minutes at

room temperature. Ethyl ester which was obtained in every treatment was separated, washed and filtered,

which was then characterized by GC-MS. Then ethyl ester formed separated using distillation under reduced

pressure method based on differences in boiling point. At this stage fractionation by three fractions, namely

the fraction 1 (<140oC), fraction 2 (140-170 oC), and fraction 3 (> 170 oC). Each fraction was analyzed

composition of fatty acid ethyl esters using gas chromatography (GC). The result showed that the yield

medium chain fatty acid ethyl ester is 75.59% . While the stage fractionation of fatty acid ethyl ester

dominated by ethyl laurate with a range of above 60% for each fraction.

Keywords: Virgin coconut oil, transesterification, ethyl ester, fractionation, ethyl laurate










Title: Exact Solutions Of Space and Time Dependent Burgers Equation by the Extended

Unified Method

Author(s): H. I. Abdel-Gawad, Mohamed Osman, Nasser S. Elazab


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Abstract: Recently the unified method for finding traveling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations was

proposed by the first author. It was shown that, this method unifies all the methods being used to find these solutions.

In this paper, we extend this method to find a class of formal exact solutions toBurgers equation with space- time

dependent coefficients. A new class of solutions is obtained.

Keywords: Exact solution, Extended unified method, Burgers equation, Variable coefficients







Title: Does Pakistani Society Accept Corruption as a Changed Value with

Reference to Religious Perspective?

Author(s): Asad Ullah, Mussawar Shah


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Abstract: The major objective of this research was to assess the impact of corruption upon the prevalent religious

values in Peshawar. The conceptual framework comprise of perception of religious values as independent variable,

and corruption perception as dependent variable. The objectives were to find out people‟s perception, causes and

institutional role regarding corruption and social values, and suggest remedies. A sample size of 150 respondents i.e.

98 from universities, 27 from anti corruption agencies (NAB) and 25 from religious institutions, was selected to

ascertain their attitude towards phenomena at hand through Likert scale as measurement tool. Proportionate random

sampling technique was used for choosing the respondents. Association test (Chi Square test) was used to determine

the association between dependent and independent at bi-variate level. Gamma () statistics was further used for

determining the strength and direction of relationship. the study found that most independent variables are

significantly associated with corruption perception, which included knowledge of religion (P<0.000), Ijtehad in

controlling corruption (P=0.000), bill boarding of religious values (P=0.000), educational support to highlighting

religious values (P=0.000), involving the religious leaders (P=0.000), religion stresses to intact social values (P=0.000),

religious institution for stressing over moral training (P=0.000). Moreover, practicing religion (P=0.000), regular

religious awareness to guide masses (P=0.000), imposition of religious punishments (P=0.000). The study made it clear

that against the ideal orientation to values, the individual‟s sense of value is under change because of changes in real

orientations to values, caused due to changes in social circumstances. It is concluded that the social values are

deteriorating, being replaced by corruption which is getting the rank of a rising social value and is largely in practice

amongst members of society, especially in various economic aspects of social life. Nevertheless, people still believed

that prevalent social order is strong enough to combat this shifting dynamics, by generating a morality based

environment.

Keywords: Corruption, Social dimensions, Religious values.







Title: Reduction Formula for Linear Fuzzy Equations

Author(s): N.A. Rajab, A.M. Ahmed , O.M. Al-Faour


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Recently fuzzy initial value problems or fuzzy differential equations, and fuzzy integral equations have

received considerable amount of attentions. In this paper, a reduction formula to reduce fuzzy linear

differential equations to fuzzy linear integro-differential equations of Volterra type is produced. Also the

fuzzy linear integral equations of Volterra type to fuzzy linear integro-differential equations of Volterra type is

reduced with some examples. Fuzzy reduction theorem helps to reduce every fuzzy linear integro-differential

equation of Volterra type of order n>1, to fuzzy linear integro-differential equation of Volterra type of first

order is introduced. Fuzzy function, which is used to define the functions in each fuzzy equation, is a fuzzy

bunch function.

Keywords: Fuzzy bunch function, Fuzzy deferential equations, Fuzzy Volterra integral equations, Fuzzy

integro-differential equations, Fuzzy reduction.






Title: Concept of Personality Score in a Society

Author(s): Zahid A. Siddiqi, Arif Siddiqui, Ayaz Waseem


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Abstract: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the worth of a person in terms of a score (an integer

number), applicable for whole of the society, calculated in a simple way. The score may be used to compare

two persons working in different fields based on the level of formal education, the formal/recorded work

experience, the field demand of the profession of work, personal characteristics and the individual

credibility. The score may also be used to compare two individuals working in the same field with different

levels of education and experience. The developed method of scoring is not applicable for out-fliers / heroes.

One objective of the system is its simplicity, that is, evaluation of a person is carried out without going into

detailed factors such as individual psychology, work habits, public or private setup difference and type of

experience, etc. The score is based on past record of the individual and it does not include the potentials of

an individual for the future. The number is initially proposed to be used for self analysis of a person, but

later this data for group of individuals may be used by managers for important policy decisions. Although

the calculated index may have a theoretical maximum value of 500, it rarely exceeds 250 in actual situations.

The developed model gives realistic results for the selected example cases.

Keywords: Personality score; performance index; social evaluation; job importance; credibility; job fitness.






Title: The Solution of Advection Diffusion Equation by the Finite Elements Method

Author(s): Hasan BULUT, Tolga AKTURK, Yusuf UCAR


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Abstract: In this study, we have tried to find the numerical solutions of Advection diffusion equation (ADE)

by Galerkin method (GM), Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and Homotopy perturbation method

(HPM); and then, we have formed a table that contains numerical results for this equation by drawing the

graphic of that equation using Origin 8. Finally, we have made a comparison between GM, ADM and HPM for

ADE.

Keywords: Linear Advection diffusion equation, Homotopy perturbation method, Galerkin method, Adomian

decomposition method.






Title: Impact of Nigerian Textile Industry on Economy and Environment: a Review

Author(s): Bello, O.S., Inyinbor, A.A., Dada, A.O., Oluyori, A.P.


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Abstract: Environmental pollution is one of the issues of serious concern in the developing countries such as Nigeria;

industrial activities contribute to the growth of the economy but usually at the expense of the environment. Although

the Nigerian textile industry has in the time past contributed positively to the economy of her country it is not without

its negative environmental impact. This review article covers the impact of Nigerian textile industry on her economy

as well as her environment and most importantly is the environmental protection effort of the last five years (2008-2012)..

Keywords: Dye, Environmental pollution, Environmental protection, Heavy metals, Textile industry.






Title: Vitamin A Food Sources and its Consumption Pattern in a Rural Community in

South-Eastern Nigeria

Author(s): Mbah, B.O., Eme, P.E., Davidson, G. I.


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Abstract: Objective: This study was undertaken to identify the dietary sources of vitamin A and also to

determine the consumption pattern of vitamin A in Aba South L.G.A.

Methodology: A total number of one hundred and sixty-three households were selected. A random sampling

technique was adopted. Questionnaire was designed to provide information on the socio-economic, food

habits and food consumption pattern of vitamin A rich food sources in the households. Information was

collected on diet history (24-hour diet recall) by interview. Data obtained from the questionnaires were

analyzed using frequencies and percentage.

Results: The results showed that 65% of the respondents purchased palm oil while 35% processed palm oil

by themselves. More than half (51.6%) of the respondents consumed palm oil 4 to 5 times weekly and 37.4%

consumed palm oil 2-3 times weekly. However, 11% consumed palm oil daily. About 6% produced carrots

with {90-3600 Retinol Equivalent (RE)} while 87.1% purchased it, pumpkin leaf with (300RE) were purchased

by 22.7% and 65.6% produced same. Less than a quarter (19.3%) of the respondents consumed fruits and

vegetables daily and only 0.2% spent above N2,000 on fruits and vegetables weekly. Twenty four hour dietary

recalls revealed that 23.9% consumed pumpkin leaf, 16.0% consumed pawpaw while 14.1% consumed

mango.

Conclusion: It was noted that most of the vitamin A rich food sources were not grown but purchased in the

area. This might have predisposed the respondents into low consumption of these foods because of poor

purchasing power. Home gardening in the area should be encouraged.

Keywords: Vitamin A foods, Consumption pattern, Aba South, Abia State Background of study.









Title: Analytical performance of HG-QFAAS and ICP-MS in Determination of the

Total Arsenic in Indonesian tuna Fish Sample

Author(s): Tiny Agustini Koesmawati , B. Buchari, Aminudin Sulaeman, Slamet Ibrahim

Pages: 113-117 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 1312501-7474-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) | 257 KB

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Abstract: This research was done to compare two different types of method in measuring the total arsenic using

hydride generator quartz cell AAS (HG-QFAAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

measurement. These methods were validated using CRM DORM-2 ([As] =18.0 µg g-1 ±1.1 µg g-1, found 17.7 µg g-1

± 0.9 µg g-1 ; n = 3) and DORM-3 ([As]=6.88 µg g-1 ± 0.3 µg g-1, found 6.77 µg g-1 ±0.14 µg g-1 ; n = 3). The result

of this study showed that ICP-MS measurement was more accurate compared to HG-QFAAS measurement.

However, measurement by ICP-MS is more expensive than HG-QFAAS. The result of this research can be used as a reference method for determination of total arsenic in tuna fish sample by HG-QFAAS..

Keywords: DORM-2, DORM-3, HG-QFAAS, ICP-MS, total arsenic, tuna fish











Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1231 (Online) 2227-2739 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.89934 International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1231 (Online) 2227-2739 (Print) International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)

Title: Optimizing Geothermal Energy and Hydro Power in Capacity Expansion at the

Electrical System of Java-Madura-Bali

Author(s): Rahmat Adiprasetya Al Hasibi, Sasongko Pramono Hadi, Avrin Nur Widiastuti i

Pages: 01-08 Journal: IJECS/IJENS Paper ID: 132301-4646-IJECS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) | 681 KB

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Abstract: Java-Madura-Bali (JAMALI) system is the biggest electrical system in Indonesia. The system

covers more than 50% of total electricity demand in Indonesia. In this area, geothermal and hydro potential is

very feasible to be optimized for capacity expansion of power plant in JAMALI system. This paper analyzes

optimized plan in developing geothermal and hydro potential in JAMALI system. The analysis was based on

the LEAP model. The developed LEAP model was consists of two scenarios. The first scenario is a reference

scenario that is used to simulate the capacity expansion with the current status of geothermal and hydro

power plant. In this scenario, there were no capacity additions of geothermal and hydro power plant in

JAMALI system. The second one is an alternative scenario that is used to simulate the capacity expansion

based on the optimized addition of geothermal and hydro power plant. The capacity expansion was based

on the projection of electricity demand. The demand was projected based on population and GRDP data. The

result shows geothermal and hydro potential can be used to reduce the role of coal fire power plant in

JAMALI system. Based on alternative scenario, 21.69 GW of the capacity of coal fired power plant will be

replaced by geothermal and hydro power plant in 2025. In the view of environmental aspect, the reduction of

the role of coal fired power plant in JAMALI system will reduce the GHGs emission. The average growth rate

of GHGs emission is 5.34% per year and 2.69% per year respectively for reference and alternative scenario.

Keywords: Geothermal energy, hydro power, LEAP model, OSeMOSYS, GHGs emission.

132301-4646-IJECS-IJENS.pdf










Title: Preference Analysis of Website Performance,Access, Security, Sensation, and

Information Variables to Identify Consumer Online Shopping Satisfaction at www.kebanaran.com

Author(s): Imam Tahyudin


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Abstract: The purpose of this research was to identify the preferences of service quality (performance

variable website, access, security, sensation, and information) on consumer online shopping satisfactionat

www.kebanaran.com. The method of analysis used is the gap analysis. Based on the research findings

obtained that the preferences of the first ranking of consumer satisfaction is the performance variable

especially has a return policy (product returns) are clearly defined. Next rank is information

variablesuchconsumers get accurate information and information from a product quality.

Keywords: Preferences, the website performance, access, security, sensation, information, satisfaction, shop

online.











Title: An Undergraduate Control Tutorial on Root Locus-Based Magnetic Levitation

System Stabilization

Author(s): Ayokunle A. Awelewa, Isaac A. Samuel, Abdulkareem Ademola, Samuel O. Iyiola


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Abstract: The subject of control system design has evolved considerably over the years. Although several

design techniques and strategies have been adopted to realize control systems that meet a predetermined

set of performance criteria, the fundamental problem remains that of developing controllers to adjust the

performance characteristics of a dynamic system in order to obtain a desired output behavior. The dynamic

behavior of a magnetic levitation system (MLS) of a ferromagnetic ball is compensated in this paper.

Consolidating the exposure of undergraduate students to the rudiments of control system design, the paper

employs the classical root locus technique to stabilize the system. A combination of analytical and software-

based methods is used to design proportional-derivative and phase-lead compensators based on the

linearized model of the system. Complete details of the design approach, from modeling and analysis of the

plant to computing the values of the controller parameters, are shown. MATLAB scripts for plotting root loci

and simulating the system are provided.

Keywords: Compensators, magnetic levitation system, MATLAB® scripts, modeling, root-locus method, system

stability









Title: TCSC Power Oscillation Damping and PSS Design Using Genetic Algorithm Modal

Optimal Control

Author(s): Sasongko Pramono Hadi, Hatta Imaduddien Wiennetou, Rian Fatah Mochamad

Pages: 23-30 Journal: IJECS/IJENS Paper ID: 139101-8484-IJECS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) | 1,183 KB

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Abstract: This paper presents the coordination of PSS and POD in a SMIB power system equipped with

TCSC. Some effective controller using PSS and POD schemes were proposed to improve power system

stability. These controllers produced supplementary signals, the PSS output signal for machine and the

POD‟s for TCSC. A two stage lead lag compensator scheme was considered in the PSS structure. A new

controller design, linear optimal control associated with modal control schemes, is proposed in both PSS

and POD design. By selecting the weighting matrix Q in conjunction with the close loop pole shifting, the

proposed modal optimal control has been formulated. The GA method was used to determine the parameter

controllers for both PSS and POD. The dynamic and stability of power system with proposed controllers was

investigated by using small disturbance to power system, 20% load variation. Simulation results show that

the presence of TCSC in power system network provided by PSS and POD controller is very potential to

improve system stability. A 45% of overshoot reduction could be reached, it is obtained significantly settling

time shorter, although the MO POD shorter only 16% than PSS ones. The dominant eigenvalues shift to the

more stable area, the real part of new eigenvalues approach their threshold -0.1. This result indicates that

the proposed modal optimal control has a good performance. Simulation results also revealed that the role

of POD controller is more dominant than the PSS, however both PSS and TCSC POD controller

simultaneously present a positive interaction.

Keywords: GA, modal optimal control, power system stability, SMIB, TCSC







Title: Analysis of Laser Linewidth Measurements based on Fabry Perot Interferometer

System

Author(s): Adnan Hussein Ali, Sahib N. Abdul –Wahid, Hussein A. Mohammed

Pages: 31-34 Journal: IJECS/IJENS Paper ID: 122306-1301-8383-IJECS-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013 | Full Text (.pdf) | 276 KB

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Abstract: The linewidth of a tunable laser source TLS with both narrow and wide modes settings are

measured directly using scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer.. This system consists of a confocal resonator

that contains two high reflectivity mirrors; by varying the resonator length by the piezoelectric transducer,

the system acts as a very narrow band-pass filter. The operation of interferometer is controlled by a

controller and the linewidth is measured using detection oscilloscope. With narrow mode setting, the

linewidths are measured to be around 12 MHz, 14 MHz and 16.5 MHz for signal wavelengths of 1520 nm, 1540

nm and 1560 nm, respectively. While the linewidth is slightly fluctuated with the wide mode setting, and a

value varies from 104 to 195 MHz are obtained.

Keywords: Fabry Perot Interferometer; Tunable laser source TLS; Laser linewidth.

122306-1301-8383-IJECS-IJENS.pdf












ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.9852 Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

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Title: Strain Zones and Attrition Influential Zones in Tube Hydroforming Process

Author(s): Edina Karabegović, Isak Karabegović

Pages: 01-04 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 132201-6767-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 867 KB

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Abstract: A fluid tube forming procedures are applied towards optimization of techno-economical parameter

production. A basic principle is utilisation of the material ductility in the stability range of a certain forming operation.

Besides of the manufacturing optimization of tube forming, like this it is achieved: better quality, mechanical and

structural properties of the work pieces, material and energy savings. During the process of tube hydroforming, and

with an analysis of the stress-strain states, fig. 3., four characteristic zones have been determined to exist: principal

tube zone, passing tube zone into the drainage, drainage zone (stresses of pressure and stretching) and top drainage

zone (stresses of stretching and pressure). The areas of attrition functioning in the process of tube forming, fig. 2., can

be separated in four different influential zones: a flow zone, passing zone, expansion zone and protraction zone.

Knowing the attrition coefficient in the influential zones gives the opportunity of strategy development for its decrease.

This paper provides a determining model of attrition coefficient in tube hydroforming.

Keywords: Strain zones, attrition zones, hydroforming, tube, manufacturing process

132201-6767-IJMME-IJENS.pdf




Title: Interfacial Indentation Stresses and Deformations of Elastically Layered

Viscoelastic Solids

Author(s): A. G. El-Shafei


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Abstract: The indentation of layered viscoelastic solids is a nonlinear and time-dependent problem.

Consideration of the time-dependency of viscoelasticity and inclusion of the friction complicates the

analysis of the problem. This paper presents a numerical study to detect the indentation response of

a viscoelastic solid layered by an elastic layer and indented by a flat rigid indenter. Interfacial

indentation stresses and deformations at the indentation surface are completely determined.

Furthermore, effects of two layer characteristics, layer thickness and layer stiffness, and two

interfacial frictional parameters, micro-slip and coefficient of friction, upon the indentation response

are investigated.

Keywords: Finite element method (FEM), friction, indentation problem, viscoelasticity.








Title: Structure Design Optimization Considering Static and Dynamic Responses

Author(s): Hee Keun Cho


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Abstract: Structure design has been optimized for physically coupled problems. A non-gradient evolutionary

genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize the behaviors of isotropic solid structures. A structure

showing thermo-elastic-plastic and creep (TEPC) behaviors are considered for optimization under a number

of static and dynamic constraints. Complicatedly coupled solid behaviors are numerically calculated by

utilizing a FEM. The presented optimization scheme is conducted in conjunction with a FEA and involves

newly developed 2D nonlinear TEPC and modal analysis FEA codes. The present evolutionary technique

makes it possible to arrive at an optimum design with respect to a solid showing TEPC features with time-

and temperature-dependent material properties under dynamic natural frequency constraints. The developed

code has been verified through an example problem of a dome structure. The present results, attained for

the first time, could be useful to ascertain the synergizing effects of a FEA and a GA in TEPC problems

Keywords: FEA, GA(genetic algorithm), optimization, dynamics





Title: Mechatronics Design of Small Electric Vehicles; Research and Education

Author(s): Farhan A. Salem


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Abstract: This paper proposes mechatronics design of small electric vehicles (SMEV), including

Mechatronics design, modeling, simulation and integration of accurate sub-systems and overall system

models. the proposed design and models can be used to select, integrate, analyze and validate Mechatronics

deign process of SMEV and its sub-systems ; including mechanical system, control system, components

and electrical energy, resulting in simplification, acceleration and increasing accuracy of design. The

proposed overall system model can be modified to include any control strategy and/or any electric machine

(motor), where the motor and its associated driving power circuit and /or controller can be replaced with

different motors and/or control strategy. The proposed model intended to be used for research purposes as

well as, for the application in educational process. The proposed models were created and verified using

MATLAB simulink software.

Keywords: Mechatronics design, Electric vehicle, Electric Motor, simulink function block model.





Title: Determination of Forming Limit Diagram for Perforated Aluminium 1050A Sheets

Author(s): Venkatachalam, G., Patel Nilay , S., Debidutta Mishra ,Suresh Singh , Yashwant Choudhary, Narayanan, S.


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Abstract: One of the needs of modern sheet metal forming is reliable knowledge about the formability of a

given material. Forming limit diagram (FLD) is the most appropriate tool used to measure the formability.

This FLD is influenced by the material / condition of the material, strain condition in geometrical features of a

sheet metal. In this paper FLD of perforated Aluminium 1050A sheets are determined by drawing process.

Experiments are also conducted to study the influence of percentage of open area, hole size and hole

arrangement pattern.

Keywords: FLD, Perforated sheets, Aluminium alloys, Formability, Drawing process.








Title: Finding Dominant Parameters For Fault Diagnosis Of a Single Bearing System Using

Back Propagation Neural Networ

Author(s): A. S. J. Karib, L. A. Wulandhari, A. Wibowo, H. Haron


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Abstract: Bearing is a component that affects the performance of a rotating machine in order to be used

properly. The purpose of using ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads.

Diagnosis of bearing vibration data is an important process to identify either the bearing is normal or defect.

In this paper, we consider a single bearing system that consists of one normal or defect Fan End (FE)

bearing in which an accelerometer is attached to both normal and defect FE bearing to capture the vibration

data. These vibration data are grouped into several samples data. Five parameters are extracted from each

sample to be used as the input in neural network model and class of target output is either normal or defect.

Those five parameters are standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, absolute mean and root mean square. Our

objectives are to find the dominant parameters and the best model for fault diagnosis of single bearing

system. It is important to find the dominant parameters since the selection of dominant parameter can

reduce the pre-processing data phase. According to our observation that the dominant parameter is either of

standard deviation, absolute mean or root mean square and the best BPNN model is the model with one

input neuron and one neuron in hidden layer.

Keywords: Back Propagation Neural Network; Fault Diagnosis; Bearing System; Dominant Parameters.







Title: Buoyancy Effect on the Fully Developed Air Flow in Concentric Inclined Annulus

Author(s): Asmaa Ali Hussein


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Abstract: Numerical investigation have been performed systematically to study the mixed convection heat transfer

and air flow patterns in the simultaneously fully developed region of inclined annulus with constant heat flux for inner

cylinder and adiabatic outer cylinder. The time dependent partial differential equations representing the vorticity, the

stream function and the temperature were approximated by finite difference equations and solved on the computer.

The values of Rayliegh number (Ra) are varied from 103 to 106 and the value of radius ratio is 0.5. The results show that

the transition from single-eddy pattern to the double-eddy pattern appears to occur at Ra between 105 and 106. Large

temperature gradients and higher local Nusselt number attain at the bottom except at vertical position in which the

angular variation of the Nusselt number remains constant because of symmetry about vertical axis.

Keywords: Heat Transfer, Combined (Mixed) Convection, Concentric Annulus.





Title: Application of Evaporative Air Coolers Coupled With Solar Water Heater for

Dehumidification of Indoor Air

Author(s): A S Alosaimy


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Abstract: In the present work, novel configuration of solar powered desiccant dehumidification system is investigated. The

proposed system comprises two evaporative air coolers. One of the two coolers functions as an absorber and the second, which

is coupled with solar water heater, functions as a desiccant regenerator. In the experimental part of this investigation, Calcium

Chloride is regenerated using solar energy. Hot water from a solar collector is circulated through an air heater to regenerate the

liquid desiccant. Mathematical model, which can be applied for analysis of the proposed system, is developed. Absorption-

regeneration cycle for the dehumidifier is described and analyzed. An expression for the efficiency of the simple cycle is

introduced. Theoretical analysis shows that strong and weak solution concentration limits play a decisive role in the value of

cycle efficiency. System efficiency with consideration of heat and work added to the system is well defined. The limits of

regeneration temperature and mass of strong solution per kg of produced vapor are found highly dependent on the operating

concentration of desiccant. Experimental results show that solution with 30% concentration can be regenerated up to 50% using

solar energy. Good agreement is found between the trained data of the ANN model and the experimental measurements for the

whole range of the air inlet temperature.

Keywords: Desiccant; humidification; absorption; air conditioning; Calcium chloride






Title: Implementation of Total Productive Maintenance and Overall Equipment

Effectiveness Evaluation

Author(s): Islam H. Afefy


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Abstract: Global performance evaluation is the most important in the field of continuous improving of the production

process. Overall Equipment Effectiveness is one of the performance evaluation methods that are most common and

popular in the production industries. This paper focuses on a study of total productive maintenance and evaluating

overall equipment effectiveness. The calculation of the overall equipment effectiveness in Salt Company (Emisal) in

Egypt is carried out. The big six losses in any industry (quality, availability and speed) are also presented. The data

were collected through reviewing the technical documents available in Emisal Company.

As a result, the Company achieved about 93% in average quality rate of overall equipment effectiveness equation and

about 87% in availability in October 2012 where in average performance efficiency in October 2012 it achieved about

87.5 %. The comparison between the world class standard and company results is carried out and the company is not

achieved the world class availability, performance efficiency, quality rate and overall equipment effectiveness.

Based on these results, global maintenance management, and production planning were suggested to improve their

maintenance procedures and improve the productivity. Also, the company needs to work hard to improve their

inspection system start from the raw materials inventory to the work in process finished with finish goods inventory.

Keywords: Total Productive Maintenance, Performance Efficiency, Quality Rate.






Title: Climate Change and Price of Environmental Cost Of Combustion Syste

Author(s): Ir. SUHARTO,


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Abstract: In the system scheme, climate change as a product of globalization of processing system. Because, not less than

595.106 ton dayly carbon diokxide flow out to atmospheric media. In the other side, the’re degradation rate of Indonesian forest

area not less than ten years end, because inefficientcy democration, collution, and corruption. Now a days, climate change as a

desease without the solution do !. climate change solution strategy not proportion discuss about “the have” and “the have not”

country. But, the proportional load of carbon dioxide flow out to atmospheric media; operationally, daily cost perhorse power of

combustion engines and other processes by persons. In this case the’re and must as an environmental tax, special on climate

change anticipation strategy. This researched methode, by, a combine of refference survey, field, combustion laboratory and

experimental researched, mathemathical analysis, system modelling, and statistician analysis system.

Keywords: Combustion tax, controller element of a new globalic system







ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.4771 Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)

Title: Chemical Composition of Reinforcing Steel Bars in the Nigerian Construction

Industry

Author(s): JIBRIN, M. U. , EJEH, S. P.

Pages: 01-07 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 1216606-1301-3838-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) |558 KB

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Abstract: Chemical concentration and percentage composition of reinforcing steel in the Nigerian

Construction Industry were studied to ascertain their chemical properties. A total of 14 companies supplied

nineteen samples that were used for the tests. An analar was used to form the stock solution which was

applied to determine the chemical concentrations of the samples in milligram per litre. In the case of the

percentage chemical composition, the XRF Spectrometer was used to take direct readings. While the former

method identified only 13 elements, the later method was able to identify twenty seven elements. Most of the

bars showed conspicuous absence of vital alloying minerals such as Molybdenum, Vanadium, etc that have

been indicated by BS4449(1997) as strength and coefficient of weldability determinants. For example, under

the percentage composition, Magnesium appeared in all the 19 samples, Nickel appeared in 16 out of the 19

samples, while Vanadium appeared in only 3 out of the 19 samples. The presence of some elements such as

Silicon and Phosphorus that are considered impurities coupled with the possible lack of Nitrogen control

during production seem to have impacted negatively on the strength and deformation characteristics of the

bars.

Keywords: Analar, Stock Solution, Chemical Concentration, Percentage Composition, XRF

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Title: Overview of Membranes Technologies for Remediating Brackish Water

Author(s): Naglaa Eid

Pages: 08-12 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 131401-4646-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) |255 KB

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Abstract: The shortage of drinking water is a major problem in the arid regions. In these regions,

precipitations are insufficient to meet the demand for water and it is, therefore, necessary to resort to

underground resources. In recent times, many of these aquifers have been over exploited and suffer serious

problems of saline contamination. Groundwater aquifers are major sources of water in most of the Middle

East countries. As such, seeking the best and optimal techniques in remediating brackish water becomes a

necessary and critical target for these countries. Most of the desalination technologies rely on either

distillation or membranes to separate salts from the product water. However, Membrane processes are

currently the fastest-growing techniques. Ultimately, the selection of a desalination process depends on site

specific conditions, including the salt content of the water, economics, and quality of water needed by the

end user, and the local engineering experience and skills. This paper evaluates various membrane

technologies adapted to improve the quality of brackish water and to make it suitable for different human

uses. The presentation includes describing those technologies and discussing their advantages, disadvantages, and other implications associated with their current applications.

131401-4646-IJCEE-IJENS.pdf





Title: Sensitivity Analysis of Stability and Behavior of Inhomogeneous Concrete Columns

Based on Design Codes

Author(s): L. Shahsavar, Vahid, Tofighi, Samira

Pages: 13-23 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 123001-7575-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) |1,021 KB

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Abstract: After earthquakes it becomes very visible what types of building construction have withstood the

forces of the earthquake and which did not perform adequately. Analyzing the nearly collapsed and broken

structures gives a good insight in the possible architectural and engineering design mistakes, faults in the

detailing and the mismanagement of the construction by the building contractors. Stability calculations are

critical in structural design can cause significant damage to structural column members. In discussing the

stability of structural systems, the goal is the investigation of the equilibrium condition from the point view

of stability and instability and determines the conditions which make the system unstable. The stability is

considered for relatively thin columns with small cross section area like steel sections and is rarely

discussed in usual problems of structural engineering related to reinforced concrete sections and is

propounded in special structures. Concrete is a non-homogeneous and anisotropic material. Modeling the

mechanical behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) is still one of the most difficult challenges in the field of

structural engineering. There are some factors which cause the mechanical factors of concrete in right

dimension are not uniform and isotropic in high columns. These factors effect on concrete elasticity

modulus, Poisson coefficient and regular relations of columns critical load. In this research, sensitivity

analysis of critical load or stability of inhomogeneous orthotropic reinforced concrete columns based on

various design codes has been investigated. Due to the numerous outputs obtained, software package have

been written in Matlab and analysis on data and drawing related charts have been done.

Keywords: Concrete Columns, Elastic & Inelastic Stability, Inhomogeneous, Sensitivity Analysis.







Title: An Experimental Study of Local Scour Around Circular Bridge Pier in Sand Soil

Author(s): Ibrahim H. Elsebaie


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Abstract: Study of sour bridge piers is extremely important for the safe design of the piers and other

hydraulic structures. An experimental investigation of local scour around circular bridge piers in sand is

presented. The principal objective of this study is to carry out a much longer duration Tests to evaluate the

time development of the local scour at cylindrical pier in addition to the evaluation of the effectiveness of a

pier shape and different flow rates on the depth of local scour.

This study describes the variation of scour depths that may occur at bridge piers. There has been a difficulty

in estimation of accurate scour depth, which includes similitude aspects of laboratory experiments on scour

at bridge piers, complicate the development of reliable scour-estimation relationships. In a practical sense,

the difficulties imply that estimation relationship can only be of approximate accuracy. Experimental

investigations have been studied to examine the maximum depth of scour and its pattern along longitudinal

as well as in transverse directions.

It was found that the scour depth increases with time. In addition, the maximum depth of scour is dependent

on both time as well as flow rate, it was noticed that maximum depth of scour was increasing with increase

of flow and time as well. However results presented here are encouraging and are very much in the

agreement with the previous studies related to scour at bridge piers.

Keywords: Bridge pier, Scour, Time dependence, Equilibrium scour depth, Sediment transport.







Title: Spectral Representation In Pacitan and Meulaboh Coast

Author(s): Setiyawan, Hangtuah Salim, Ricky Lukman T., Safwan Hadi, Iwan K. Hadihardaja


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Abstract: India ocean in optimation theoretical wave spectrum only wide spectrum and peak frequency

equalized but peak energi not yet equalized hence in this research will equalize wide spectrum, peak

frequency and peak energi for indonesia ocean that is Pacitan coast and Meulaboh coast. About 12 mounth

measured wave spectra from the Pacitan Coast and 2 month from the Meulaboh Coast, were analyzed so as

to determine the frequency of occurrence of peaked spectra in sea states of different intensity. This type of

spectrum did not occur so often close to coast and in high sea states. A four-parameter theoretical

formulation was proposed to represent peaked spectra and was shown to provide an excellent fit to

measured spectra. The average values of the spectral parameters describing the two peaks did not show any

clear dependence on significant wave height. The mathematical spectrum models are generally based on

one or more parameters, e.g., significant wave height, wave period, shape factors, etc. The most common

single-parameter spectrum is the Pierson-Moskowitz model based on the significant wave height or wind

speed. There are several two-parameter spectra available. Some of these which are commonly used are

Bretschneider, Scott, ISSC and ITTC. JONSWAP spectrum is a five-parameter spectrum, but usually three or

the parameters are held constant. Qualitative as well as quantitative comparisons of the optimation-yielded

spectra with target spectra indicated that the developed optimation could model the wave spectral shapes in

a better way than commonly used theoretical spectra.

Keywords: Pacitan Coast; Meulaboh Coast; Peaked spectra; Scott spectra; Significant wave height; Spectral

energy.












Title: Risk Modeling of Public Private Partnerships for Settlement Infrastructure

Development in Jakarta

Author(s): Fitri Suryani, Tommy Ilyas, Suyono Dikun, and Suparti A. Salim


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Abstract: Settlements included in national priorities, but has not been included in the projects offered in the

PPP Book, although very large housing needs of 5.8 million units. This caused one of them is a low

investment value. Given the importance of housing needs in urban development, the PPP can be done in the

area with the help of technical assistant by the central government.

This study discusses the problems of any obstacles or things that both encourage rejuvenation of an area

that suffered a setback function (decaying urban) in order to be returned to the original function or even

enhanced function to the ideal with the main supporting infrastructure such as housing, transportation,

energy availability, as well as distribution of clean water which will strengthen the city to operate the

function that consists of 5 pillars, namely: community service centers, trade and distribution center, financial

center, the center of tourism-related community development. Articulation between the major stakeholders

such as: government, private, and community become the main concern in this research, including in

determining the appropriate financing schemes.

Keywords: Public private partnerships, setlements, infrastructure, and articulation.













Title: Preaching to the Perverted (Spaces); Perversion in Architecture -

as an Art of Spatial Design Author(s): M.Cetin

Pages: 41-50 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 132101-9898-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 1,643 KB

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Abstract: Considering architecture as a spatial art, the paper examines the nature of ongoing change in the design of

architectural spaces, in accordance with the profound conversion in the nature of social existence on Earth. The study aims

to tackle the issue mainly from a morphological standpoint with cross-references to sociological dimension of space.

Recently, some started to believe that virtues of modernity were not capable of coping with the emerging diversity and

complexity brought by new bodies, who were gradually introduced into the urban scene through democratisation. Therefore,

the de(con)struction of the canons of the modernism was the only solution in order to achieve a new phase in the material

evolution of humankind. Spatial reflection of such an ongoing social transformation, that is to say, a major shift from „an ideal

society centrally controlled by corporate groups‟ to a much more pragmatic one with „flexibility of control systems‟ is of prime

concern in this study. In other words, a paradigm shift from „rational and sensible‟ state to a „chaotic, yet, perverse‟ state of

human condition, in the name of freedom, is central to the discussion of the evolution of space design. In brief, newly

emerging social and corresponding spatial phenomena seem to have took over, our cultural landscape via guerrilla war

tactics, and was supported by scholars, who advocated the „death of architecture‟ for the sake of proliferation of low culture.

Albeit, an initiative with good intentions of integrating all parties of the community, turned out to be working against the sense

of community. Hence, the very same issues of social concerns seem to have shifted from socialist rhetoric towards the hands

of a more capitalist rhetoric. Therefore, the new power and her weapons should be disguised in a seducing new skin... Fluid

architecture of late 90‟s was the ideal new mediatic solution... In result, values characterised by grace, coherence, consensus,

durability, order, have been replaced by pride, unquestioned wealth, corruption, falsification, distortion, humour, irony,

nihilism, and „in-your-face-attitude‟ of the new generation of citizens. Masochistic experience of contemporary urban life,

grotesque images of environment, the parasitic and violent character of architecture, yet seductive outlook of their figures

have fascinated the minds of the new (yet perverted) urban population. Hence, a fluid, vague, indeterminate archi-tectonic

language was becoming politically correct decor for a rapidly eroding society. In fact, this new architecture should be

evaluated within the web of concepts like otherness, utopia, fantasy, media, Post-Modern popular culture, consumption,

marketability, pluralism, as well as the shift in the conception of “reality and simulation”.--------











ISSN: 2077-1207 (Online) 2227-2755 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.7666 Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 International Journal of Video & Image Processing and Network Security IJVIPNS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

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Volume 13 Issue 01 February 2013 ISSN: 2077-1207 (Online) 2227-2755 (Print) International Journal of Video & Image Processing and Network Security IJVIPNS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 13 Issue 01 (February 2013)

Title: Developing an Algorithm to Process Matching of Complex Aerial Images

Author(s): Khalid M. Alrajeh , Tamer A. Alzohairy

Pages: 01-06 Journal: IJVIPNS/IJENS Paper ID: 131101-6464-IJVIPNS-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) | 928 KB

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Abstract: Matching of digital images problem is a crucial step in many image analysis applications. This

paper investigates this problem and proposes a method to solve it. The proposed method is implemented

and applied on real complex aerial images. The proposed method is based on two main stages. In the first

stage, the edge elements are determined locally and then aggregated globally into better defined lines called

straight-line segments. Based on the descriptions of these segments, matching is performed between them

to estimate the transformation coefficients between the images. In the second stage, points of interests

which have high variance are selected automatically and then their corresponding points are determined in

the other image. The proposed algorithm shows excellent result when applied and tested on real urban

complex images. K. M. Alrajeh is with the Computer Science Department, Riyadh Community College, King Saud

University, Malaz, P. O. Box 28095, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: [email protected]).

T. A. Alzohairy is with the Computer Science Department, Riyadh Community College, King Saud University, Malaz,

P. O. Box 28095, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia. On leave from Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar

University, Nasr City (11884), Cairo, Egypt (e-mail: [email protected]).

Keywords: Aerial digital images, Area-based approach, Digital image matching, Feature-based approach.

131101-6464-IJVIPNS-IJENS.pdf





Title: Robust and Fast Ellipsoid Fitting from Noisy Image: Computer solution for fitting

Tumours on MRI Scanner

Author(s): A. Cherkaoui, H. Qjida

Pages: 07-14 Journal: IJVIPNS/IJENS Paper ID: 133901-8585-IJVIPNS-IJENS Published:10-02-2013| Full Text (.pdf) |4,449 KB

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Abstract: Through this paper we mention a new cogent method for 3D fitting ellipsoid and conic from

scattered data, damaged by noise and outliers. This 3D statistical approach fitting builds on 3D Zernike

moments. We prefer to estimate the probability density function p.d.f with the Zernike moment theory

overseen by maximum entropy principle MEP. The purposed algorithm was successfully used in simulated

noisy 3D conic forms images and 3D fitting a tumor for magnetic resonance imaging MRI. A deeper analysis

of 3D fitting process is demonstrated to show its rapidness as well as its superior performance related noise

immunity .

Keywords: Ellipsoid fitting, 3D conic fitting, MEP, p.d.f, Invariant Zernike moments, MRI, Noise immunity.







Title: Study of Face Recognition Using Statistical Analysis

Author(s): Kateřina Sulovská, Silvie Bělašková, Milan Adámek


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Abstract: This paper deals with the analytical-statistical method for the face recognition. Although the bases of the

face recognition are known by researchers worldwide, the statistical tests of data obtained by measuring chosen

anthropometrical points can be found in several articles. Our aim is to show how the data act during the various

emotions of one face, which will be helpful for deeper knowledge of how the face behaves. The focus is also aimed at

study of aging. The data were tested in the STATISTICA software using e.g. the ANOVA, the Shapiro-Wilk test, the k-

Means clustering and the t-test. Acquired results reflect the difficulty of describing the face and the applicability of

combination of different recognition methods (e.g. methods based on neural networks, recognition of facial contours,

distribution of the gray scale in the image, deformation models) to get the best results in the verification/identification

of a human.

Keywords: Pattern recognition, face recognition, statistical methods, biometrics






Title: Automatic Detection of Human Body Parts Especially Human Hands Considering

Gamma Correction and Template Matching on Noisy Images

Author(s): T. M. Shahriar Sazzad, Sabrin Islam


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Abstract: Automatic object detection is one of the challenging tasks in the areas of image processing. We

have proposed an automatic object detection approach for human hands. Our proposed approach is more

efficient in compare to other existing approaches and faster as well.

Keywords: Gamma correction, Binary image, Log function, Template matching, automatic detection.








IJENS Vol: 13 Issue 01

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