international migration and development: data needs and gaps the 2013 high-level dialogue on...
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International migration and development: International migration and development: Data needs and gapsData needs and gaps
The 2013 High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development: Data implications Side event of the 44th Statistics Commission
New York, 27 February 2013
Bela Hovy, ChiefMigration Section, Population Division
Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA)United Nations
High-level Dialogue on Migration and Development, 3-4 October 2013, New York
Overall themeIdentifying concrete measures to strengthen coherence and cooperation at all levels, with a view to enhancing the benefits of international migration for migrants and countries alike and its important links to development, while reducing its negative impacts
RT1: International migration, sustainable development and post-2015 development agenda
RT2: Migrant rights, smuggling & trafficking, regular migration, women and children
RT3: Partnerships, cooperation, mainstreaming migration into development policies
RT4: Labour mobility and its impact on development
United Nations, Population Division/DESA
Repeated calls to improve evidence baseRepeated calls to improve evidence base
• 2006 High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development
• Various General Assembly resolutions
• 32 out of 250 recommendations of the Global Forum on Migration and Development (2007-2012) on improving data
United Nations, Population Division/DESA
Migration data of the Population Division, DESA
Stocks• Global estimates (age, sex, origin)
Flows• Immigration/emigration: 43 countries (31 with
outflows)• Labour permits (exits): 10 countries
Net migration (estimates and projections)• What to assume for the future?
United Nations, Population Division/DESA
Population census
• Why?• trends (South-South migration) • ‘diaspora’ • migration corridors• regional mobility• skills, education
• Issues• lack of reporting• delays in availability• long data interval• irregular migrants
United Nations, Population Division/DESA
Example of use of country of birth/citizenship Most migration occurs within regions
rather than across regions
75 per cent or over50 to less than 75 per centLess than 50 per cent
International migrants living in the same major area as they were born, 2010
United Nations, Population Division/DESA
Administrative sources
• Why?• circular migration• timely data on trends• reasons for migration (permits, visa, entry-exit) • detailed characteristics at minimal costs
• Issues• comparison difficult• few countries• regular migration only
United Nations, Population Division/DESA
Example of differences in administrative data
Labour exit permits in South and South-Eastern Asia
Sending country
By destination
country
By sex
By age
By skill level
By occupa-
tion
Re-newal
Recruiting agencies
Bangladesh 1976-2012 x x
India 2002-2010
Indonesia 1994-2011 x
Nepal1994-2003, 2009-2010
Pakistan 2005-2010 x x
Philippines 1998-2010 x x x
Sri Lanka 2005-2009 x x x x x
Thailand 2005-2010 xUnited Nations, Population Division/DESA
Migration surveys
• Why?• impacts on countries of origin, transit and destination,
migrants (health, education, income) (post-2015 UN development agenda)
• Causes (reasons)• detailed characteristics• higher chance of reaching irregular migrants
• Issues• lack of dedicated funding• complexity of survey design• Comparability / ad hoc
United Nations, Population Division/DESA
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Total Age Origin
United Nations, Population Division/DESA
75%70%
51%
65%60%
26%
75%
68%
34%
199020002010
Number and percentage of countries with migrant stock data, (1990, 2000, 2010)Number and percentage of countries with migrant stock data, (1990, 2000, 2010)
The number of countries with available The number of countries with available migrant stock data is decreasing...migrant stock data is decreasing...
...however, experiences differ ...however, experiences differ between regionsbetween regions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1990 2000 2010
0
20
40
60
80
100
1990 2000 2010
0
20
40
60
80
100
1990 2000 2010
United Nations, Population Division/DESA
Total
By origin
By age
Percentage of countries over major area with migrant stock data, (1990, 2000, 2010)Percentage of countries over major area with migrant stock data, (1990, 2000, 2010)
AfricaAsiaLatin America and the Caribbean
Country of birth/citizenship not available for most countries which held a census during 2005-2011
Data availableCensus conducted but data not availableFuture census or no census
United Nations, Population Division/DESA
Countries with data on origin of migrant stock, by conducted census, 2010 round (2005-2011)Countries with data on origin of migrant stock, by conducted census, 2010 round (2005-2011)
How to strengthen data collection on international migration?
Ask basic questions, and tabulate the answers• National statistical offices, DESA, UNFPA, World Bank
Exploit administrative data sources• Ministries in charge of migration, statistical offices
Leverage existing surveys• World Bank, MICS (UNICEF), DHS, ILO
Provide access to micro-data• Ministries in charge of migration,
statistical offices
Build capacity • Global Migration Group?
How can the global statistical community engage ?
(2013 High-level Dialogue, UNSC, CPD, etc.)
• Global, designated programme to improve migration data from all sources, to support migration policy
• Capacity-building, training
• Implement existing standards (develop new standards where necessary)
• Build on existing tools, projects, partnerships
• World Survey Programme on Migration?
United Nations, Population Division/DESA