international response to the 1915 serbian typhus epidemic administering angels angela bowen potter...
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I N T E R N AT I O N A L R E S P O N S E T O T H E 1 9 1 5 S E R B I A N T Y P H U S E P I D E M I C
ADMINISTERING ANGELS
Angela Bowen PotterIUPUI- WIMPS Presentation
September 30, 2014
KATHLEEN BURKESCOTTISH WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
ADMINISTERING ANGELS
ADMINISTERING ANGEL
ANGELS OF MERCY
ORGANIZED WOMEN
TYPHUS EPIDEMIC 1915
ADMINISTERING ANGELS IN ACTION
INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE TO TYPHUS
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SERBIA TYPHUS EPIDEMIC 1915INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN RELIEF PROJECT
• Conference Paper• Digital Map• Digital Timeline
SERBIA 1914
THE BALKAN CAMPAIGNS 1914
HumanitariansTyphus
2nd Balkan CampaignDecember 1914
1st Balkan CampaignJuly 1914
ALLIED VIEW OF SERBIA
SERBIAN RED CROSS
HumanitariansTyphus
1914 EFFORTS
1914 BRITISH EFFORTS
Flora SandesBritish Volunteer with
Mrs. Grujic 9/1914
First SRF Assistance 11/1914
SERBIAN RELIEF FUND
BRITISH RED CROSS IN SERBIA
BRX in Skopje, 1915 BRX in Skopje, 1915
AMERICAN RED CROSS
TYPHUS “RAISE IT’S UGLY HEAD”DECEMBER 1914
TYPHUS CASES JANUARY-MARCH 1915
TYPHUS EPIDEMIC
New Discoveries Typhus
“THE GRAVITY OF THE SITUATION”JANUARY 1915
RUSSIAN IMAGES OF TYPHUS
SCOTTISH WOMEN’S HOSPITALS: “SEND US WHERE WE ARE MOST NEEDED”
JANUARY 1915
Telegraph, January 1915
Fundraising, January 1915
VALJEVO “SORT THE LIVING FROM THE DEAD”
Emily Simmons, ARC
FRENCH MISSIONS
DEVELOPING A COORDINATED PLAN?
1. Skopje Plan- February 1915• British Red Cross, Serbian Relief Fund and Serbian Civilian
Government• Medical and Public Health Missions2. RAMC Plan- February 1915• British Royal Army Medical Corps, British Government and
Serbian Military• Public Health & Education3. Paris Plan- March 1915• French, American and British Red Crosses and government• Divide Serbia into districts, with American and Brattish
sectors
SKOPJE PLAN- FEBRUARY 1915Dr. Katherine McPhail,
SWHBritish Red Cross,
Serbian Relief Fund and Serbian Civilian
GovernmentMedical and Public
Health Missions
BERRY MISSION
RAMC PLAN- FEBRUARY 1915BRITISH ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS, BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND
SERBIAN MILITARY PUBLIC HEALTH &
• Education
RAMC PLAN- FEBRUARY 1915
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S C O TT I S H W O M E N ’ S H O S P I TA L S
DR. ELISE INGLIS
SERBIAN RELIEF FUNDMARCH 1915
Claire StobartFirst Field Flying
Hospital
SERBIAN SANITARY RELIEF COMMISSIONAMERICAN RED CROSS AND ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION
FRENCH MEETINGMARCH, 30 1915
MARCH 30, 1915
APRIL 1915
SWH
SUMMER 1915
PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION
FALL 1915
Before After
FALL 1915
NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 1915- RETREAT
RETREAT
I N S E R B I A
REMEMBERING THE EPIDEMIC
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REMEMBERING THE EPIDEMIC
SWH SRF
CONCLUSIONS
1. Early example of a large scale international humanitarian effort.
2. Mission advanced the state of medical research and type of response to epidemics. Used later in the war.
3. Missions developed a new format of combining medical missions with public health efforts.
4. Response built broader commitments to the Serbian Front.
5. Demonstrated that women could serve on the front lines as doctors and nurses.
6. Analysis of the administration of the efforts show the role of World War I in the way relief administered. Shows the need of a lead agency to coordinate the effort.
NEW ADMINISTERING ANGEL?ERNEST BICKNELL
ADMINISTERING ANGEL
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