International Search And Rescue Training

SITREP

International Search And Rescue Training

SITREP

REF: IAMSAR Vol. III.

OSC to SMC/MRCC: pages 3-8 to 3-10

SMC/MRCC: Appendix D

1. Sequential numbers.2. First SITREP in short form, (if information is not available)3. If time permits, use full form.4. Further information: Send only new info.5. “No change”- SITREP (Prolonged operations):

Send SITREP every 3 hrs.6. On conclusion: Final SITREP.

International Search And Rescue Training

SITREPTransmission Priority:

From:

To:

BT

SAR SITREP Number:

A.IDENTITY OF CASUALTY

B.POSITION

C.SITUATION

D.NUMBER OF PERSONS AT RISK

E.ASSISTANCE REQUIRED

F.COORDINATING JRCC/MRCC

G.DISCRIPTION OF CACUALTY

H.WEATHER ON SCENE

J.INITIAL ACTION TAKEN

K.SEARCH AREA

L.COORDINATION INSTRUCTIONS

M.FUTURE PLANS

N.ADDITIONAL

INFORMATION/CONCLUSION

BT

IMO SITREP

International Search And Rescue Training

SITREPPFMTOINFOBTUNCLASSIFIEDSUBJ:EMERGENCY PHASE; SITREP #; NAME/DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECT OF INCIDENT; ABBREVIATED NATURE OF DISTRESS; GENERAL GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONA. IDENTITY OF CASUALTY. (Name/Call sign, flag State)B. POSITION. (Latitude/longitude)C. SITUATION. (Nature of distress. Fire, collision, sinking, medico)D. NUMBER OF PERSONS. E. ASSISTENCE REQUIREDF. COORDINATING RCCG. DESCRIPTION OF CASUALTY.H. WEATHER ON SCENE.J. INITIAL ACTION TAKEN.K. SEARCH AREA.L. COORDINATING INSTRUCTIONSM. FUTURE PLANSN. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BT

International Search And Rescue Training

DEFINING THE SEARCH AREA

DEFINING THE SEARCH AREA(Corner coordinates)

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A. 55°45,5 N 014°50,4 E

C. 55°40,5 N 015°40,2 E

B. 55°45,5 N 015°40,2 E

D. 55°40,5 N 014°50,4 E

DEFINING THE SEARCH AREA(Limitations N-S/E-W)

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55°45,5 N

015°40,2 E

55°40,5 N

014°50,4 E

DEFINING THE SEARCH AREA(What if?)

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DEFINING THE SEARCH AREA(Combination)

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A. 55°45,5 N 014°50,4 E

C. 55°40,5 N 015°40,2 E

B. 55°45,5 N 015°40,2 E

D. 55°40,5 N 014°50,4 E

North and west of xxxxxx North and East of xxxxxx

South and East of xxxxxxSouth and west of xxxxxx

DEFINING THE SEARCH AREA(Rapid way to define search informations)

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55°45,5 N 014°50,4 E

1. Define DATUM position. LAT/LONG2. Define radius for Search Area3. Draw Search Area4. Define CSP.5. Define search pattern and trackspacing (S)

DEFINING THE SEARCH AREA(Search informations)

1. Define search area2. Define CSP3. Define searchpattern to be used4. Define Leg direction5. Define Leg Length6. Define First turn (Right/left)7. Define Creeping Direction8. Define track spacing (S)

CSP

S

International Search And Rescue Training

SEARCH PATTERNS

CHOICE OF SEARCH PATTERN

• The accuracy of the last known position (LKP)• Navigational errors on board the SRU• The searched object• Actual weather in the search area• Drift direction and speed of the serched target• Time awailable for the search• Time of the day (day/night)• Endurance of the SRU

FACTORS EFFECTING THE CHOICE OF SEARCH PATTERN:

SEARCH PATTERNS

• EXPANDING SQUARE SEARCH (SS)• SECTOR PATTERN (VS)• TRACK LINE SEARCH, RETURN (TSR)• TRACK LINE SEARCH, NON RETURN (TSN)• PARALLEL SWEEP SEARCH (PS)• CREEPING LINE SEARCH (CSC)

VISUAL SEARCH

EXPANDING SQUARE SEARCH (SS)

EXPANDING SQUARE SEARCH (SS)

• Most effective when the location of the search object is known within relatively close limits.

• The commence search point is always the datum position.• Often appropriate for vessels or small boats to use when

searching for persons in the water or other search objects with little or no leeway.

• Due to the small area involved, this procedure must not be used simultaneously by multiple aircraft at similar altitudes or by multiple vessels.

• Accurate navigation is required; the first leg is usually oriented directly into the wind to minimize navigational errors.

• It is difficult for fixed-wing aircraft to fly legs close to datum if S is less than 2 NM.

EXPANDING SQUARE SEARCH (SS)(2 SRU at the same time)

SECTOR SEARCH (VS)

SECTOR PATTERN (VS)

• Most effective when the position of the search object is accurately known and the search area is small.

• Used to search a circular area centered on a datum point.• Due to the small area involved, this procedure must not be

used simultaneously by multiple aircraft at similar altitudes or by multiple vessels.

• An aircraft and a vessel may be used together to perform independent sector searches of the same area.

• A suitable marker (for example, a smoke float or a radio beacon) may be dropped at the datum position, and used as a reference or navigational aid marking the centre of the pattern.

• For aircraft, the search pattern radius is usually between 5 NM and 20 NM.

• For vessels, the search pattern radius is usually between 2 NM and 5 NM, and each turn is 120°, normally turned to starboard.

TRACK LINE SEARCH, RETURN (TSR)

TRACK LINE SEARCH, RETURN (TSR)

• Normally used when an aircraft or vessel has disappeared without a trace along a known route.

• Often used as initial search effort due to ease of planning and implementation

• Consist of a rapid and reasonably thorough search along intended route of the distressed craft.

• Search may be along one side of the track line and return in opposite direction on the other side (TSR).

• Search may be along the intended track and once on each side, then search facility continues on its way and does not return (TSN).

• Aircraft are frequently used for TS due to their high speed.• Aircraft search height usually 300 m to 600 m (1000 ft to 3000

ft) during daylight or 600 m to 900 m (2000 ft to 3000 ft) at night.

TRACK LINE SEARCH, NON RETURN (TSN)

PARALLEL SWEEP SEARCH (PS)

PARALLEL SWEEP SEARCH (PS)

• Used to search a large area when survivor location is uncertain

• Most effective over water or flat terrain.• Usually used when a large area must be divided

into sub-areas for assignment to individual search facilities on-scene at same time.

• The commence search point is in one corner of the sub-area, one-half track space inside the rectangle from each of the two sides forming the corner.

• Search legs are parallel to each other and to the long sides of the sub-area.

CREEPING LINE SEARCH (CSC)

DRIFT

CREEPING LINE SEARCH (CSC)

• Search area is long and narrow.• The most likely position of the target

is assumed to be between two points.

• A speedy coverage of the most likely area is given first priority, the next step is to move on to the next search legs in another area.

DIVERTING VESSELS

EFFORT ALLOCATION(Allocation of Search And Rescue Units in search area)

Real driftdirection of search object

1

CSP

EFFORT ALLOCATION(Allocation of Search And Rescue Units in search area)

Real driftdirection of search object

1

CSP

EFFORT ALLOCATION(Allocation of Search And Rescue Units in search area)

Real driftdirection of search object

1

CSP

EFFORT ALLOCATION(Allocation of Search And Rescue Units in search area)

Real driftdirection of search object

1

CSP

EFFORT ALLOCATION(Allocation of Search And Rescue Units in search area)

CSP

CSP

CSP

CSP

EFFORT ALLOCATION(Allocation of Search And Rescue Units in search area)

CSP

CSP

CSP

CSP

EFFORT ALLOCATION(Allocation of Search And Rescue Units in search area)

Big search areas/few SRU´s

CSP

CSP

CSP

CSP

International Search And Rescue Training

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