The Proceedingsof the

27th International

Technical Conference

on

Coal Utilization

&

Fuel Systems

Volume II of II

March 4-7, 2002

Sheraton Sand KeyClearwater, Florida, USA

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

S. C. Singhal, Battelle Fellow and Director, Fuel Cells, Pacific

Northwest National Laboratory, USA 609

The Opportunity for Coal-based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Powerplants

Craig P. Jacobson, Steven J. Visco, and Lutgard C. De Jonghe,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National

Laboratory, USA 611

Using Advanced Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Zero Emission Coal SystemsRomesh Kumar and Michael Krumpelt, Electrochemical

Technology Program, Chemical Technology Division, ArgonneNational Laboratory, USA 613

VOLUME II (Pages 619 - 1,187)

Coal Preparation I & II

Chair: Lisa Corathers, National MiningAssociation

Integrated Carbon Recovery Systems for Fine Coal Processing WasteY.P. Chugh, A. Patwardhan and D.P. Patil, Southern Illinois

University; R Q. Honaker, B. K. Parekh, D. Tao and Z. Chen,

University of Kentucky; and L. Khan, Illinois State GeologicalSurvey, USA 619

The Significance of Illinois Coal and the Illinois State Geological Survey(ISGS) Washer

Latif Khan and William R. Roy, Illinois State GeologicalSurvey; and Ken K. Ho, Illinois Clean Coal Institute,USA 631

Coal Drying Improves Performance and Reduces Emissions

Charles Bullinger and Mark Ness, Great River Energy; and

Nenad Sarunac and Edward K. Levy, Energy Research Center,

Lehigh University, USA 639

xiv

Eeconomic Recovery of Coal Fines

Dave Bewley, CerWat Corporation, USA 651

Mineral Distribution in Two South West Colombian Coals

Juan M. Barraza and Andres F. Rojas, School of Chemical

Engineering, University of Valle, and Jaime Mojica, Institute

Geologico Minero, COLOMBIA 657

Coal Quality: Global Priorities

Robert B. Finkebnan and Brenda S. Pierce, U.S. GeologicalSurvey, USA 667

Coal Log Pipeline Pilot Plant StudyHenry Liu, Charles W. Lenau and Bill Burkett, CapsulePipeline Research Center (CPRC), USA 669

Identification of Cost Cutting Strategies for Underground Coal Mines

in Illinois

Y.P. Chugh, Mike McGolden, and Joseph Hirschi, Departmentof Mining and Mineral Resources Engineering, Southern

Illinois University, USA 671

Issues Concerning the Use of Biomass Log Fuel to Co-Fire with Coal at

Power Plants

Henry Liu, Yuyi Lin, Yadong Li and Ou Zhang, CapsulePipeline Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia,

USA 683

Upgraded Coal Interest GroupChairman: Evan Hughes, Electric Power Research Institute

Recent Results and Plans: EPRI Upgraded Coal Interest Group (UCIG)Evan Hughes, Electric Power Research Institute, USA 691

xv

Hydrothermally Treated Biosolids Slurries as a Coal Cofire Fuel

Dr. John Dooher, Physics Department, Adelphi University,

USA 693

Biomass/coal Composite Fuel Via Granuflow Process

David Akers, CQ Inc., USA 705

Ashworth Combustor Demonstration Test Results

Bob Ashworth, Steve McClure, Mark Woodring, ClearStack

Combustion Corporation, USA 707

Removal of 'TRT Elements Via Advanced Coal PreparationDavid Akers, CQ Inc., USA 717

C02 Management 1 & II

Chairman: Klaus Lackner, Columbia University

Sorbent Energy Transfer System (SETS) for C02 Separation with High

EfficiencyRobert J. Copeland, Gokhan Alptekin, Mike Cesario, Steven

Gebhard, Yevgenia Gershanovich, TDA Research, Inc.,

USA 719

Potential for C02-Sequestration in The Netherlands

Harry C.E. Schreurs, Novem, The Netherlands 731

Direct Dry Mineral Carbonation for C02 Emissions Reduction in

Finland

Ron Zevenhoven and Jens Kohlmann, Helsinki University of

Technology, Laboratory for Energy Engineering and

Environmental Protection; and Arun B. Mukherjee, Universityof Helsinki, Department for Environmental Protection,

FINLAND 743

Energy Recovery as a Key Component in Low Emission Power Plants

Thomas L. Ochs, Albany Research Center, U.S. Department of

Energy, USA 755

xvi

Zero Emission Coal Technologies ~ A Prudent Man Approach to North

American Energy SecurityJohn Ruby, Nexant, Inc.; Alan Johnson, ZECA Corporation;Dr. Hans Ziock, Los Alamos National Laboratory; and Dr.

Klaus Lackner, Columbia University, USA 767

Enhanced Practical Photosynthetic C02 MitigationDavid J. Bayless, Greg Kremer, Department of Mechanical

Engineering; Morgan Vis-Chiasson, Department of

Environmental and Plant Biology, Benjamin J. Stuart, Michael

Prudich, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ohio Coal

Research Center, Ohio University; Keith E. Cooksey,

Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, and

Jeff Muhs, Photonics and Fiber Optic Systems. Oak RidgeNational Laboratory, USA 779

Developing a Mechanistic Understanding of Serpentine C02 Mineral

Carbonation Reaction Processes

Michael J. McKelvy, Renu Sharma, and R.W. Carpenter,Center for Solid State Science, Science and Engineering of

Materials PhD Program; George Wolf, Department of

Chemistry and Biochemistry; and Andrew V.G. Chizmeshya,Hamdallah Bearat, and Jason Diefenbacher, Center for Solid

State Science, Arizona State University, USA 791

Atomic-Level Understanding of C02 Mineral Carbonation Mechanisms

from Advanced Computational ModelingAndrew V.G. Chizmeshya, Center for Solid State Science; Otto

F. Sankey, Center for Solid State Science, Science and

Engineering of Materials PhD Program, and Department of

Physics and Astronomy; Michael J. McKelvy, Renu Sharma,and R.W. Carpenter Science and Engineering of Materials PhD

Program, Center for Solid State Science, Science and

Engineering of Materials PhD Program; George H. Wolf,Center for Solid State Science and Department of Chemistryand Biochemistry; and Hamdallah Bearat, and Jason

Diefenbacher, Science and Engineering of Materials PhD

Program, Arizona State University, USA 803

xvii

Potential Use of Carbon Dioxide (C02) For Enhanced Natural Gas

Production

Charles W. Byrer and Hugh D. Guthrie, National EnergyTechnology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy,USA 815

Continuing Studies on Direct Aqueous Mineral Carbonation For C02

SequestrationW.K. O'Connor, D.C. Dahlin, D.N. Nilsen, S. J. Gerdemann,

G.E. Rush, L.R. Penner, R.P. Walters, and P.C. Turner, AlbanyResearch Center, Office of Fossil Energy, U. S. Department of

Energy,USA 819

Emissions Control I & II

Chairmen: James Wilbur, Concurrent Technologies Corp. and

MassoodRamezan, Science Applications International Corporation

Environmental Magnetic Particles

W. Abdul-Razzaq, Physics Department, West VirginiaUniversity, USA 831

Experimental Investigations of Factors Affecting the Performance of

Electrostatic Precipitator in Emission Control from Coal-Fired Power

Plants

Yewen Tan, Renata Mortazavi, Robert Dureau, Joe Wong,George Lee and Mark Douglas, Advanced Combustion

Technology, CANMET Energy Technology Research Centre,CANADA 841

xviii

Validation and Deployment of GTI's Leading Zinc Titanate Sulfur

Sorbent

Rachid B. Slimane, Keyur Pandya and Francis S. Lau, Gas

Technology Institute, Javad Abbasian, Dept. of Chemical &

Environmental Eng., Illinois Institute of Technology; Ken Ho,Illinois Clean Coal Institute; and Suresh C. Jain and David A.

Berry, U.S. Dept. of Energy, National Energy TechnologyLaboratory, USA 851

Impact of Coal Chlorine Content on Mercury Emissions and Boiler

Corrosion

Yan Cao, Shawn Kellie, Yufeng Duan, Lingyu Huant, Wei-

Ping Pan, and John T. Riley, Combustion Laboratory,Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, and

Ken Ho, Illinois Clean Coal Institute, USA 863

The Effect of Coal Type in Dry-Sorbent/Coal Injection for Control of

S02 and NOx Emissions

Yiannis A. Levendis and Ali Ergut, Northeastern University,USA 875

High Carbon Fly Ash in Cement Manufacturing - A Commercial

Demonstration

Javed I. Bhatty, John Gajda, and F. M. Miller, Construction

Technology Laboratories, Inc., USA 887

Commercial Process Design Options in AchievingSimultaneous/Combined Removal of NOx, Mercury, S02, S03 and

Particulate

William Ellison, Ellison Consultants, USA 899

Pre-desulfurization of High-sulfur Coal Using Air by the Low

Temperature Oxidation

Li Bin, Cao Yan, Huang Jiejie, Zhang Jianmin, and WangYang, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of

Sciences, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 911

ixx

Reactivation ofFBC Ashes

O. Trass, E.A.J. Gandolfi and E.J. Anthony, Department of

Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of

Toronto, CANADA 921

Coal Combustion

Chairman: Stefan Laux, Foster Wheeler Energy Corp.

NOx and Boiler Performance Issues from the Utilization of Eastern

Bituminous and PRB Coal Blends

Carlos E. Romero, Nenad Sarunac and Edward K. Levy,Energy Research Center, Lehigh University, USA 931

Characterization of Coal Wastes as Boiler Fuel

Mark A. Williams, Skelly and Loy, Inc., USA 943

Reducing the Minimum Load and NOx Emissions of Lignite Fired

Boiler by Applying New Stable Flame ConceptOtakar Rydl, Fortum Engineering Ltd.; Frantisek Hrdlicka,

Czech Technical University; and Miroslav Mutinsky,Sokolovska uhelna a.s., CZECH REPUBLIC; and Kati

Savolainen, Fortum Engineering Ltd., FINLAND 955

Unresolved Technical Challenges to NOx Reduction for Coal-fired

Power Generation

Kevin Davis, Michael Bockelie, Temi Linjewile, Hong-ShigShim, Connie Senior, and Brad Adams, Reaction EngineeringInternational; Kevin Whitty, The University of Utah; Robert

Hurt, Brown University; and Stan Harding, N.S. Harding and

Associates, USA 965

XX

Prediction of Furnace and Boiler Performance: Coal Quality Factor

B. Chudnovsky, A. Talanker, L. Levin, Mechanical SystemsDivision, Israel Electric Company; A. Vikhansky and E. Bar-

Ziv, Dept. of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering,Ben Gurion University of the Negev, ISRAEL; E. Eddings and

A. F. Sarofim,, Reaction Engineering International and

University of Utah, USA 979

Value Added Products

Chairman: Dr. A. Dilo Paul, Science Applications International Corp.

Novel Paperless Structural Composites from Wet FGD Scrubber SludgeVivak M. Malhotra and Samuel Amanuel, Department of

Physics, Southern Illinois University, and Francois Botha,Illinois Clean Coal Institute, USA 991

Low-Severity Extraction of Pitch from Coal for Production of Value-

Added Carbon Materials

A. J. Berkovich, R. Andrews, D. Jacques and T. Rantell, Center

for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky,USA 1,003

Synergistic Mining, Processing, Power Generation and By-Products

Management for Coal Utilization

Yoginder P. Chugh and Amit Patwardhan, Department of

Mining and Mineral Resources Engineering, Southern Illinois

University, USA 1,009

Production of Bulk Carbon Fibers Via Centrifugal Melt Spinning(CMS)

A.J. Berkovich, R. Andrews, D. Jacques and T. Rantell, Center

for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky,USA 1,021

XXI

Pyrolysis of a High-Ash Peat in Supercritical Water

Rong Zhang, Hui Ren, Jicheng Bi, Dongkai Sun, Institute of

Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PEOPLE'S

REPUBLIC OF CHINA 1,027

Advanced Power SystemsChairman: Donald Bonk, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S.

Department ofEnergy

Deep Cleaning of Coal-Derived Fuel Gases at High Temperature in the

Ultra-Clean Process

Rachid B. Slimane, O. Mehmet Akpolat, Francis S. Lau and

Keyur Pandya, Gas Technology Institute; Richard A. Newbyand Tom E. Lippert, Siemens Westinghouse Power

Corporation, and Suresh C. Jain, U.S. Department of Energy,National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA 1,033

Summary ofRepowering Concept Evaluations Using Advanced Coal

Combustion TechnologiesDonald L. Bonk and Robert W. Gross, National Energy

Technology Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy; and

Richard E. Weinstein, P.E., Parsons Infrastructure &

Technology Group Inc., USA 1,045

The Development of Advanced Energy Technologies in Japan - New

Technologies for Coal-Fired Boilers

Susumu Sato, Yoshinori Kobayashi and Takashi Fujii, Boiler

Development & Service Engineering Section, Boiler

Engineering Department, Power Systems Headquarters,Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., JAPAN 1,057

xxii

Repowering the H.F. Lee Unit 2 with Advanced Combustion

TechnologySteven J. Castagnero and Thomas J. King, Carolina Power &

Light Company, Richard E. Weinstein, P.E., Parsons

Infrastructure & Technology Group Inc., Robert W. Gross,

National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of

Energy; and Edward B. Toll, P.E., Parsons Energy &

Chemicals Group Inc., USA 1,069

Application and Analysis on Desulfurization Technology in Coal-fired

Power Plants

Jianxing Ren and Qunyin Gu, Shanghai University of Electric

Power; and Yingjun Ruan and Weiguo Zhou, Tongji

University, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 1,079

CofiringChairman: Dr. RobertRomanosky, National Energy Technology

Laboratory, U.S. Department ofEnergy

Biomass Cofiring: A Feasibility Study for Cofiring Agricultural and

Other Wastes with Coal at Penn State UniversityBruce G. Miller, Sharon Falcone MillerJr., The EnergyInstitute, ,

and Robert E. Cooper, Office of Physical Plant, The

Pennsylvania State University; Neil Raskin, Foster Wheeler

Energy Services, Inc., and Joseph J. Battista, CofiringAlternatives, USA 1,085

Design Issues for Cofirinig Biomass in Low NOx Wall Fired Burners

Stefan Laux and David Tillman, Foster Wheeler EnergyCorporation; and Andrew Seltzer, Foster Wheeler DevelopmentCorporation, USA 1,097

Experiences Co-firing Switchgrass at Alabama Power's Plant Gadsden

Bill Zemo, Alabama Power Company; and Doug Boylan and

Jack Eastis, Southern Company, USA 1,109

xxiii

Co-gasification of Coals of Various Ranks

Alex E.S. Green and M.S. Sankar, Clean Combustion

Technology Laboratory, University of Florida, USA 1,121

Materials for Clean Coal ApplicationsCo-Chairs: William D. Riley & Cynthia P. Dogan, Albany Research Center,U.S. Department ofEnergy

Improvements in High Temperature (>700°C) Performance of Lean

Chromium Stainless Steels for Power Plant EfficiencyJ.S. Dunning and D.E. Alman; U.S. Department of EnergyAlbany Research Center, USA 1,131

Results of Power Sector Materials Investigations: The Albany Research

Center's Power Sector Improvement ProgramSheila A. Young and Thomas L. Ochs, U.S. Department of

Energy, Albany Research Center, USA 1,143

Current Status of Dense Ceramic Membranes for Hydrogen SeparationU. (Balu) Balachandran; T.H. Lee, S. Wang, G. Zhang and S.E.

Dorris, Argonne National Laboratory; USA 1,155

Improved Refractory Materials for Slagging Coal Gasifiers

Cynthia P. Dogan, Kyei-Sing Kwong, James P. Bennett,Richard E. Chinn and Cheryl L. Dahlin; U.S. Department of

Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Albany Research Center;USA 1,167

Very High Temperature ODS Alloy Heat Exchangers for Solid-Fuel

Thermal SystemsJohn P. Hurley, Kirk D. Williams, Greg F. Weber, and Michael

L. Jones, UNDEERC; and Fred L. Robson, kraftWork Systems,USA 1,177

XXIV