international trade statistics 2001

WTO

200

1

Internationaltrade statistics2001

AlbaniaAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelgiumBelizeBeninBoliviaBotswanaBrazilBrunei DarussalamBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCanadaCentral African Rep.ChadChileColombiaCongoCongo, Dem. Rep. of theCosta RicaCôte d’IvoireCroatiaCubaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEstoniaEuropean CommunitiesFijiFinlandFranceGabonGambiaGeorgia

GermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuinea BissauGuinea, Rep.ofGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKenyaKorea, Rep. ofKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLatviaLesothoLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacau, ChinaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMoldovaMongoliaMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNetherlandsNew Zealand

NicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatarRomaniaRwandaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Vincent & the GrenadinesSenegalSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovak RepublicSloveniaSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandTanzaniaThailandTogoTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayVenezuelaZambiaZimbabwe

WTO Members(As of 31 July 2001)

This report is also available in French and Spanish(Price: SFr 50,)

To order, please contact:WTO Publications World Trade Organization 154, rue de Lausanne CH-1211 Geneva 21 Tel: (41 22) 739 52 08 or 53 08 Fax: (41 22) 739 54 58 Email: [email protected]

ISSN 1020-4997ISBN 92-870-1220-2Printed in FranceX-2001-3,000© World Trade Organization 2001

iii

Table of Contents

World trade developments in 2000 and the first half of 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Trade growth in 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. Trade of developing countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. Trade developments in major regional trade agreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55. Details of trade developments in 2000 by geographic region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56. Developments in the first half of 2001 and outlook for the year as a whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

I. World trade in 2000 – Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

II. Selected long-term trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

III. Trade by region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372. North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443. Latin America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524. Western Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605. Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS (transition economies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696. Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777. Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818. Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

IV. Trade by sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952. Agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

2.1 Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023. Mining products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

3.1 Fuels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084. Manufactures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

4.1 Iron and steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184.2 Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1224.3 Machinery and transport equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Office machines and telecom equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Automotive products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

4.4 Textiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1434.5 Clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

5. Commercial services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1575.1 Transportation services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1575.2 Travel services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1595.3 Other commercial services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Appendix tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Technical Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

v

List of tables and charts

Overview

Chart 1 World merchandise trade and output by major product group, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Chart 2 World merchandise trade by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Table 1 World exports of merchandise and commercial services, 1990-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Chart 3 World merchandise trade by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Chart 4 World commercial services trade by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Table 2 Trade and output growth of developing economies, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Table 3 Merchandise exports of least developed countries by selected country groups, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Table 4 GDP and trade developments in North America, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Table 5 GDP and trade developments in Latin America, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Chart 5 Latin America. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Table 6 GDP and trade developments in Western Europe, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Chart 6 Western Europe. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Table 7 GDP and trade developments in transition economies, 1995-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Table 8 GDP and trade developments in Africa, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Chart 7 Transition economies. Merchandise trade by country, 1995-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Chart 8 Africa. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Table 9 Trade developments in the Middle East, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Chart 9 Middle East. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Table 10 GDP and trade developments in Asia, 1990-2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Chart 10 Asia. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Chart 11 Real GDP and trade growth of OECD countries,1996-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

I. World trade in 2000 - Overview

Table I.1 Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production by major product group, 1990-00 . . . . . . 19Table I.2 Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Table I.3 Growth in the value of world merchandise trade by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Table I.4 Growth in the value of world trade in commercial services by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Table I.5 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Table I.6 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU trade), 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Table I.7 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Table I.8 Share of goods and commercial services in the total trade of selected regions and economies, 2000. . . . . . . . . 24Table I.9 Merchandise trade of selected regional integration arrangements, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

II. Selected long-term trends

Chart II.1 World merchandise trade and output by major product group, 1950-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Chart II.2 World merchandise trade by major product group, 1950-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Table II.1 World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1950-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Table II.2 World merchandise trade by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1990 and 2000 . . 30Table II.3 Merchandise trade of North America by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . 31Table II.4 Merchandise trade of Western Europe by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000 . . . . . . . . 32Table II.5 Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Table II.6 Merchandise exports of selected regions and economies to the least-developed countries, 1980, 1990,

1999 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Table II.7 Merchandise imports of selected regions and economies from the least-developed countries, 1980, 1990,

1999 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

III. Trade by region

1. Overview

Chart III.1 Value of world merchandise trade by region, 1993-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Chart III.2 The volume of world merchandise trade by selected region, 1993-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Table III.1 World merchandise exports by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Table III.2 World merchandise imports by region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Table III.3 Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

vi

Chart III.3 World trade in commercial services by selected region, 1993-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Table III.4 World exports of commercial services by selected region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Table III.5 World imports of commercial services by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Table III.6 Commercial services exports of selected economies by selected partners, 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Table III.7 Commercial services imports of selected economies by selected partners, 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Chart III.4 Distribution of trade in commercial services of selected economies, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

2. North America

Table III.8 Merchandise trade of North America, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Table III.9 Merchandise trade of North America by region and by major product group, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Chart III.5 Merchandise trade of North America,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Chart III.6 Share of North America in world merchandise trade,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Table III.10 Merchandise exports of North America by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Table III.11 Merchandise imports of North America by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Table III.12 Merchandise exports of North America by destination, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Table III.13 Merchandise imports of North America by origin, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Table III.14 Gross domestic product and trade in goods and services of Canada and the United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . 47Table III.15 Merchandise exports and imports of Canada and the United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Table III.16 Merchandise trade of Canada by region and economy, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Table III.17 Merchandise trade of the United States by region and economy, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Table III.18 Merchandise exports of NAFTA countries by destination, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Table III.19 Trade in commercial services of Canada, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Table III.20 Trade in commercial services of the United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3. Latin America

Table III.21 Merchandise trade of Latin America, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Table III.22 Merchandise trade of Latin America by region and by major product group, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Chart III.7 Merchandise trade of Latin America,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Chart III.8 Share of Latin America in world merchandise trade,1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Table III.23 Merchandise exports of Latin America by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Table III.24 Merchandise exports of Latin America by destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Table III.25 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Latin America, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Table III.26 Merchandise exports of MERCOSUR countries by region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Table III.27 Merchandise imports of MERCOSUR countries by region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Table III.28 Merchandise exports of ANDEAN countries by region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Table III.29 Merchandise imports of ANDEAN countries by region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Table III.30 Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Latin America, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

4. Western Europe

Table III.31 Merchandise trade of Western Europe, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Table III.32 Merchandise trade of Western Europe by region and by major product group, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Chart III.9 Merchandise trade of Western Europe,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Chart III.10 Share of Western Europe in world merchandise trade,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Table III.33 Merchandise exports of Western Europe by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Table III.34 Merchandise imports of Western Europe by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Table III.35 Merchandise exports of Western Europe by destination, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Table III.36 Merchandise imports of Western Europe by origin, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Table III.37 Gross domestic product and trade in goods and services in Western Europe, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Table III.38 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Western Europe, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Table III.39 Merchandise trade of the European Union by region and economy, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Table III.40 Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Western Europe, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Table III.41 Trade in commercial services of France, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Table III.42 Trade in commercial services of Germany, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Table III.43 Trade in commercial services of Italy, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Table III.44 Trade in commercial services of the United Kingdom, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

5. Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS (transition economies)

Table III.45 Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Table III.46 Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS by region and by major

product group, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

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Chart III.11 Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Chart III.12 Share of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS in world merchandise trade,1990-00 . . 69Table III.47 Merchandise exports of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS by major product group

and main destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Table III.48 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS, 2000 . 71Table III.49 Merchandise exports of selected Central and Eastern European countries by region, major trading partner,

and major product group, 1998-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Table III.50 Merchandise imports of selected Central and Eastern European countries by region, major trading partner,

and major product group, 1998-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Table III.51 Relative importance of inter-regional trade in the total merchandise trade of the Baltic States, 2000. . . . . . . . . 74Table III.52 Relative importance of inter-regional trade in the total merchandise trade of the CIS, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Table III.53 Merchandise exports of selected economies to the CIS, 1998-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Table III.54 Merchandise imports of selected economies from the CIS, 1998-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

6. Africa

Table III.55 Merchandise trade of Africa, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Table III.56 Merchandise trade of Africa by region and by major product group, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Chart III.13 Merchandise trade of Africa,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Chart III.14 Share of Africa in world merchandise trade,1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Table III.57 Merchandise exports of Africa by major product group and main destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Table III.58 Merchandise exports of Africa by destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Table III.59 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Africa, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Table III.60 Merchandise exports of the European Union to developing countries in Africa by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Table III.61 Merchandise imports of the European Union from developing countries in Africa by product, 2000. . . . . . . . . . 80

7. Middle East

Table III.62 Merchandise trade of the Middle East, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Table III.63 Merchandise trade of the Middle East by region and by major product group, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Chart III.15 Merchandise trade of the Middle East,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Chart III.16 Share of the Middle East in world merchandise trade,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Table III.64 Merchandise exports of the Middle East by major product group and main destination, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Table III.65 Merchandise exports of the Middle East by destination, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Table III.66 Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 1990 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Table III.67 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in the Middle East, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

8. Asia

Table III.68 Merchandise trade of Asia, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Table III.69 Merchandise trade of Asia by region and by major product group, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Chart III.17 Merchandise trade of Asia,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Chart III.18 Share of Asia in world merchandise trade,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Table III.70 Merchandise exports of Asia by main product group and main destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Table III.71 Merchandise exports of Asia by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Table III.72 Merchandise exports of Asia by destination, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Table III.73 Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Asia, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Table III.74 Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by economy, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Table III.75 Merchandise exports of the United States, the European Union and Japan to China by major product, 2000. . . 89Table III.76 Merchandise imports of the United States, the European Union and Japan from China by major product, 2000. 90Table III.77 Merchandise exports of ASEAN countries by region, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Table III.78 Merchandise imports of ASEAN countries by region, 1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Table III.79 Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Asia, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Table III.80 Trade in commercial services of Japan, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

IV. Trade by sector

1. Overview

Chart IV.1 World merchandise exports by product, 1990 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Table IV.1 World merchandise exports by product, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Chart IV.2 World exports of commercial services by category, 1990, 1995 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Table IV.2 World exports of commercial services by category, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

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2. Agricultural products

Table IV.3 World trade in agricultural products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Table IV.4 Major regional flows in world exports of agricultural products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Table IV.5 Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . 97Chart IV.3 Regional shares in world trade in agricultural products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Table IV.6 Exports of agricultural products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Table IV.7 Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Table IV.8 Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Table IV.9 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

2.1 Food

Table IV.10 World trade in food, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Table IV.11 Major regional flows in world exports of food, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Table IV.12 Share of food in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Chart IV.4 Regional shares in world trade in food, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Table IV.13 Exports of food by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Table IV.14 Imports of food into the European Union, North America and Japan by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Table IV.15 Leading exporters and importers of food, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

3. Mining products

Table IV.16 World trade in mining products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Table IV.17 Major regional flows in world exports of mining products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Table IV.18 Share of mining products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . 106Chart IV.5 Regional shares in world trade in mining products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Table IV.19 Exports of mining products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

3.1 Fuels

Table IV.20 World trade in fuels, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Table IV.21 Major regional flows in world exports of fuels, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Table IV.22 Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Chart IV.6 Regional shares in world trade in fuels, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Table IV.23 Imports of fuels of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Table IV.24 Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

4. Manufactures

Table IV.25 World trade in manufactures, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Table IV.26 Major regional flows in world exports of manufactures, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Table IV.27 Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Chart IV.7 Regional shares in world trade in manufactures, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Table IV.28 Exports of manufactures by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Table IV.29 Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union and Japan by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Table IV.30 Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Table IV.31 Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Table IV.32 Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

4.1 Iron and steel

Table IV.33 World trade in iron and steel, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Table IV.34 Major regional flows in world exports of iron and steel, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Table IV.35 Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Chart IV.8 Regional shares in world trade in iron and steel, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Table IV.36 Exports of iron and steel by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Table IV.37 Iron and steel imports of the European Union and the United States by region and supplier, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . 120Table IV.38 Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

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4.2 Chemicals

Table IV.39 World trade in chemicals, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Table IV.40 Major regional flows in world exports of chemicals, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Table IV.41 Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Chart IV. 9 Regional shares in world trade in chemicals, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Table IV.42 Exports of chemicals by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Table IV.43 Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

4.3 Machinery and transport equipment

Table IV.44 World trade in machinery and transport equipment, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Table IV.45 Major regional flows in world exports of machinery and transport equipment, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Table IV.46 Share of machinery and transport equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000 125Chart IV.10 Regional shares in world trade in machinery and transport equipment, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Table IV.47 Exports of machinery and transport equipment by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Table IV.48 Leading exporters and importers of machinery and transport equipment, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Table IV.49 Exports of machinery and transport equipment of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Table IV.50 Imports of machinery and transport equipment of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Office machines and telecom equipment

Table IV.51 World trade in office machines and telecom equipment, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Table IV.52 Major regional flows in world exports of office machines and telecom equipment, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Table IV.53 Share of office machines and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures

by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Chart IV.11 Regional shares in world trade in office machines and telecom equipment, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Table IV.54 Exports of office machines and telecom equipment by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Table IV.55 Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 . . . . . . 132Table IV.56 Leading exporters and importers of office machines and telecom equipment, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Table IV.57 Exports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Table IV.58 Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Automotive products

Table IV.59 World trade in automotive products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Table IV.60 Major regional flows in world exports of automotive products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Table IV.61 Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . 137Chart IV.12 Regional shares in world trade in automotive products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Table IV.62 Exports of automotive products by principal region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Table IV.63 Imports of automotive products of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Table IV.64 Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Table IV.65 Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Table IV.66 Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

4.4 Textiles

Table IV.67 World trade in textiles, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Table IV.68 Major regional flows in world exports of textiles, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Table IV.69 Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Chart IV.13 Regional shares in world trade in textiles, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Table IV.70 Exports of textiles by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Table IV.71 Textile imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Table IV.72 Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Table IV.73 Exports of textiles of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Table IV.74 Imports of textiles of selected economies, 1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

4.5 Clothing

Table IV.75 World trade in clothing, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150Table IV.76 Major regional flows in world exports of clothing, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

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Table IV.77 Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150Chart IV.14 Regional shares in world trade in clothing, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150Table IV.78 Exports of clothing by principal region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Table IV.79 Clothing imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Table IV.80 Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Table IV.81 Exports of clothing of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Table IV.82 Imports of clothing of selected economies, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

5. Commercial services

5.1 Transportation services

Table IV.83 World exports of transportation services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Chart IV.15 World exports of transportation services and share in total commercial services, 1993-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Table IV.84 Share of transportation services in total trade of commercial services by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Chart IV.16 Regional shares in world trade in transportation services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Table IV.85 Leading exporters and importers of transportation services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

5.2 Travel services

Table IV.86 World exports of travel services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Chart IV.17 World exports of travel services and share in total commercial services, 1993-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Table IV.87 Share of travel services in total trade of commercial services by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Chart IV.18 Regional shares in world trade in travel services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Table IV.88 Leading exporters and importers of travel services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

5.3 Other commercial services

Table IV.89 World exports of other commercial services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Chart IV.19 World exports of other commercial services and share in total commercial services, 1993-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Table IV.90 Share of other commercial services in total trade of commercial services by selected region, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . 161Chart IV.20 Regional shares in world trade in other commercial services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Table IV.91 Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Appendix tables

Table A1 World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product,1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Table A2 Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1990, 1995 and 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Table A3 Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1998-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Table A4 Merchandise trade of selected regional integration arrangements, 1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Table A5 World merchandise exports by region and selected economy,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Table A6 World merchandise imports by region and selected economy,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Table A7 World exports of commercial services by selected region and economy,1990-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Table A8 World imports of commercial services by selected region and economy,1990-00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Table A9 Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1990, 1995 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184Table A10 Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1998-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Table A11 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Table A12 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194Table A13 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196Table A14 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - European Union (15) . . . . . . . . . . 198Table A15 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200Table A16 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Table A17 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204Table A18 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206Table A19 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208Table A20 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Singapore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Table A21 Export prices of primary commodities, 1990-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

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Abbreviations and symbols

ANDEAN Andean Common MarketAPEC Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationASEAN Association of South-East Asian NationsBOP Balance of PaymentsBPM5 Balance of Payments Manual, fifth editionCEFTA Central European Free Trade AgreementCIS Commonwealth of Independent StatesEFTA European Free Trade AssociationEU European UnionEUROSTAT Statistical Office of the European CommunitiesFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFDI Foreign direct investmentGDP Gross Domestic ProductGNP Gross National ProductHS Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding SystemIEA International Energy AgencyIMF International Monetary FundISIC International Standard Industrial ClassificationMERCOSUR Southern Common MarketNAFTA North American Free Trade AgreementOECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentSAPTA South Asian Preferential Trade ArrangementSITC Standard International Trade ClassificationUNECE United Nations Economic Commission for EuropeUNECLAC United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the CaribbeanUNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNIDO United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationUNSD United Nations Statistics Division

c.i.f. cost, insurance and freightf.o.b. free on boardn.e.s. not elsewhere specifiedn.i.e. not included elsewhere

The following symbols are used in this publication :

... not available 0 figure is zero or became zero due to rounding– not applicable $ United States dollars

Q1, Q2 1st quarter, 2nd quarterI break in comparability of data series. Data after the symbol do not form a consistent series with those from earlier

years.

Billion means one thousand million.

Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.

Unless otherwise indicated, (i) all value figures are expressed in U.S. dollars; (ii) trade figures include the intra-trade of free trade areas,customs unions, regional and other country groupings; (iii) merchandise trade figures are on a customs basis and (iv) merchandiseexports are f.o.b. and merchandise imports are c.i.f. Data for the latest year are provisional.

Closing date 31 August 2001

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World trade developments in 2000 and the first half of 2001

1. Overview

The year 2000 was outstanding for global output and tradegrowth. The expansion of merchandise output and trade by4.5% and 12%, respectively, was the strongest in more than adecade. As trade growth continued to exceed output growth,the ratio of world trade in goods and services to world GDPreached 29%. Since 1990 this ratio has increased10 percentage points, more than in the two preceding decadescombined.1 Manufacturing production rose 6% in 2000, but theincrease in agricultural production was limited to 1%. Miningoutput was up 3.5% boosted by a 4.5% increase in oil and gasoutput. As in preceding years, exports of manufactures increasedin real terms much faster than exports of agricultural or miningproducts. And once again, the excess of trade growth (14.5%)over output growth (6%) in manufactures was far higher thanin the other two sectors, although preliminary data foragriculture suggest also an untypical large gap between tradeand output growth.2

strongly in South America and the Russian Federation, afterstagnating the previous year. Africa’s output growth is estimatedto have strengthened in 2000, but – at 3% – remained wellbelow the growth recorded in other developing regions. WhileWestern Europe’s economic growth increased to 3.4%, itsstrongest expansion in the last decade, Japan’s recoveryremained moderate and very fragile.

The forces behind the improved economic activity differedamong the regions. High growth in the information technologysector was particularly beneficial for North America and Asia,while the rise in world energy demand and the recovery of oilprices boosted the economies of the oil exporting countries. Inboth the Russian Federation and Brazil a sharply lower realeffective exchange rates and the fading of contractionary forceslinked to financial crises helped stimulate a strong recovery inproduction.

In 2000 growth in trade volumesmore than doubled

The stronger output growth in all regions stimulated – and inturn was stimulated by – the 12% increase in merchandisetrade volume in 2000, nearly matching the best growth ratesobserved over the last five decades. In contrast to the twopreceding years, when world trade expansion depended to alarge extent on demand in North America, the pattern ofregional import demand was more evenly balanced in 2000, withall regions except Western Europe and Africa recording double-digit import growth (Chart 2).

Asia and the transition economies recorded both the highestexport growth among the major regions and the largestincreases in imports, highlighting once again that dynamic

Chart 1

World merchandise trade and output by major productgroup, 2000(Annual percentage change in volume terms)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Manufactures

Agriculturalproducts

Miningproducts

Allmerchandise

ExportsOutput

The contrast between the figures for 2000 and the availablefigures for the first half of 2001 could hardly be greater. By thelast quarter of 2000, it was evident that a marked decelerationin output and trade growth was likely in 2001. But the extent towhich the slowdown in production, investment and trade– associated in particular with developments in the informationtechnology sector – would exceed earlier predictions becameclear only as the first half of 2001 unfolded. The value of worldmerchandise trade in the first half of 2001 is now tentativelyestimated to have been just 2% above the corresponding periodlast year. And worse, in the second quarter of 2001, the level ofworld trade was below that of the corresponding quarter in2000 – the first year-over-year decline in world trade (on aquarterly basis) since 1998, during the Asian financial crisis.

All regions reported faster economic growthin 2000

Economic growth accelerated in all major regions in 2000.North America and developing Asia, which had each recordedGDP growth above the global average in 1999, recorded onlymoderate accelerations. In contrast, economic activity picked up

1 Measured at constant 1987 prices and exchange rate.2 A further indicator of the strength of global integration last year is the estimated18% increase in the US dollar value of inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI).Although the most dynamic part of FDI flows was again among the developedcountries, both developing and transition economies reported record FDI inflows.However, total private capital flows (net) to the developing countries and thetransition economies were close to zero as net FDI inflows were fully offset byother private capital outflows. (International Monetary Fund (IMF), WorldEconomic Outlook, October 2001).

Chart 2

World merchandise trade by region, 2000

(Annual percentage change in volume terms)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

North America

Asia

Western Europe

Middle East

Africa

Transitioneconomies

World average

Latin America Imports

Exports

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exporters are dynamic importers. A noteworthy feature in Asia isJapan’s strong merchandise import growth over the last twoyears at a time when its economy was nearly stagnating, adevelopment often linked to decisions by Japanesemanufacturing firms to relocate part of their production to otherAsian economies. In Western Europe, exports and imports grewby nearly 10% – about twice the rate in the preceding year butless than the growth of world trade. The growth of imports intoNorth America again exceeded that of exports from NorthAmerica, for the fourth consecutive year.

Data for Latin America (including Mexico) indicate a strongrecovery of imports in 2000, following the contraction in 1999linked to repercussions of the financial crisis in Brazil. While theregion’s export growth accelerated to 9.5%, the expansion wasless strong than the world average for the first time since 1995.It should be kept in mind that regional totals for Latin Americaconceal the fact that in Mexico, the region’s largest trader, tradegrowth was three to four times faster than in the rest of theregion.

2. Trade growth in 2000

The value of world merchandise exports was up 12.5%in 2000, triple that of 1999, to US$6.2 trillion, due to the strongrise in export volumes and a small increase in export pricesmeasured in US dollars (Table 1). World exports of commercialservices rose by 6% in 2000 – close to the average for the pastdecade – reaching US$1.4 trillion. The faster growth ofmerchandise trade relative to trade in commercial servicescontinued a trend that has been evident since the mid-1990s,driven in part by the 60% increase in oil prices since 1995.

The estimated small increase in US dollar prices ofmerchandise exports last year arrested the downward trendevident since 1995. The overall figure, however, masks highlydivergent price trends across products, countries and regions –trends that contributed to the large variations in trade growth ofcountries and regions in 2000 (see Table I.3). Crude oil priceswere up to US$28 per barrel, their highest level since 1985. Bothagricultural prices and those of internationally tradedmanufactured goods continued the declines that began in thesecond half of the 1990s, reaching their lowest level in ten years.Factors behind the weakness in prices for manufactured goodsinclude low inflation rates, steady declines in the prices ofelectronic products throughout the 1990s (as their share inworld trade of manufactured goods was rising), and the strengthof the US dollar – in particular vis-à-vis European currencies,which led to a significant fall in the prices of European exportsexpressed in US dollars.3

The product categories in world merchandise trade with thehighest growth rates in 2000 were fuels (up 50% to US$630billion) and office and telecom equipment (up 20% to

US$940 billion). While the latter category recorded the highestgrowth among all major product groups throughout the 1990s,fuel’s 10% share in world trade in 2000 was little changed fromits 1990 level. World exports of agricultural products againrecorded the weakest growth of all product categories in 2000(up 2% to US$560 billion); consequently its share in worldmerchandise trade fell to a record low of 9%.

Table 1

World exports of merchandise and commercial services, 1990-2001

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Merchandise 6186 6.0 4.0 12.5 1.0

Commercial services 1435 6.0 2.0 6.0 …

Value Annual percentage change

2000 1990-00 1999 2000 2001First half

Chart 3

World merchandise trade by product, 2000

(Annual percentage change in value terms)

Fuels

Office and telecom equipment

Automotive products

Other consumer goodsChemicalsOther semi- manufactures

ClothingOther mach. and transport equipm.

Non-ferrous metals

Textiles

Agricultural products

Ores and other minerals

Iron and steel

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Average

3 The prices of manufactured goods excluding office and telecom products areestimated to have stagnated in 2000 and increased moderately since 1990.4 Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Islamic Republic of Iran, Nigeria, Algeria, Kuwait, Iraq,Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Oman, Kazakhstan, Angola, Trinidad and Tobago, Yemen,Turkmenistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan and Equatorial Guinea.

Regional trade value developments in 2000 were stronglyinfluenced by higher oil prices. All regions with a large share offuels in their export basket – the Middle East, Africa and thetransition economies – reported export expansions in excess ofone quarter, or more than twice the global average exportgrowth. For at least 17 oil-exporting countries, merchandiseexports were up by more than one half in 2000.4 Export growthsignificantly exceeded import growth in both the Middle East,where exports are estimated to have risen by nearly 50%, and inthe transition economies where – largely due to the RussianFederation’s high export growth – exports expanded by 26%.

Africa’s 27% increase in merchandise exports in 2000 wasfour times the growth of its imports, and more than double thegrowth rate for world exports. However, that aggregate figure forthe continent as a whole hides exceptionally large differencesamong individual African countries. While the major fuelexporters in Africa recorded sharp export and import growth,some 20 African countries reported absolute declines in the levelof exports and imports. Western Europe’s export and import

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growth in 2000 was the lowest of all regions, principally due tothe depreciation of the euro against the US dollar. Expressed ineuros, exports from the EU were up 17%, compared to a 2.5%gain in US dollar terms. The marked difference between thestagnation of EU intra-trade and the 7% rise of exports to allother countries is attributable largely to different pricedevelopments.

For the fifth consecutive year the expansion of NorthAmerica’s trade – exports and imports – exceeded that of worldtrade. Imports were particularly buoyant, rising faster thanexports and resulting in an excess of imports over exports in theorder of US$450 billion, equivalent to 7% of world merchandisetrade. North America’s trade deficit is entirely due to tradedevelopments of the United States, with Canada recording atrade surplus in 2000.

Asia’s import growth of nearly one quarter exceeded that ofits exports which in turn still grew faster than world trade.Consequently, Asia’s share in world trade rose again andrecovered (for exports) to its previous peak level of 27% in1996. All major traders recorded double-digit export and importgrowth and intra-trade of the region rose by one quarter.Another noteworthy development was the outstandingexpansion of China’s exports and imports and the recovery ofimports of the five Asian countries most affected by financialturbulences in 1997/98. The latter group’s imports rose sharply in2000 and nearly matched the previous peak level in 1996. Asthese countries’ exports have risen by one third between 1996and 2000, their trade deficit of US$45 billion in 1996 turned intoa surplus of US$70 billion by 2000.

Commercial services trade developments by region and majorproduct categories differed markedly less than those formerchandise trade in 2000. However, there were a number ofsimilarities with merchandise trade in regional developments.Western Europe, which alone accounts for almost 45% of worldservices trade, recorded a near stagnation of its exports andimports measured in US dollars, compared with a 14% increasein euros. North America, Latin America and the Middle Eastrecorded strong expansion of their commercial services trade,with both exports and imports up by more than 10%. The fastestgrowth of imports of commercial services occurred in thetransition economies, whose exports grew also faster than theworld average.

Among the major categories of commercial services,transportation showed the strongest growth in 2000. This isunusual and most likely reflects both the strong expansion inmerchandise trade and increased transportation costs due to thehigher oil prices. The 5% increase in travel expenditure in 2000was below that sector’s average growth over the past decade.Trade in “other commercial services” (financial services,

communications, information services, royalties and licence fees)grew at about the same 6% rate as total services trade, incontrast to most years when this sector has been by far the mostdynamic category of traded services.

3. Trade of developing countries

The developing countries made a major contribution to thevigorous expansion of world output and trade in 2000 (Table 2).GDP growth in excess of 5% for the aggregate of developingcountries was the strongest in a decade. The estimated 15%increase in the volume of merchandise exports from developingcountries was three times faster than their GDP growth. In dollarterms, merchandise exports from developing countries rose 24%,twice the rate for world merchandise exports, while imports wereup 21%.

As a result, the share of the developing countries in worldtrade and output continued to increase, as it has donethroughout the 1990s. Indeed, the share of developing countriesin world merchandise exports has risen steadily since 1986– with the exception of 1998 during the Asian financial crisis –reaching a 50-year high of 30% last year. Only a small part ofthe increase in the share of developing countries in world tradeover the past decade is the result of increases in oil prices. It isdue rather to their ability to expand their role in world exports ofmanufactured goods, the most dynamic part of world trade.

Chart 4

World commercial services trade by selected region, 2000

(Annual percentage change in value terms)

North America

Asia

Western Europe

Africa

Latin America

Transition economies

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Imports

Exports

World average

Table 2

Trade and output growth of developing economies, 1990-2000

(Annual percentage change)

GDP 3.0 5.2 4.5 2.8

Merchandise export volume 7.0 15.0 9.0 7.0

Merchandise import volume 4.5 15.5 8.0 7.0

Merchandise export value 9.5 24.0 9.0 6.0

Merchandise import value 4.0 21.0 9.0 6.0

Developing economies World

1999 2000 1990-00 1990-00

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Developing countries accounted for 27% of world exports ofmanufactures in 2000, a remarkable increase from their 17%share in 1990 The largest part of this increased share isaccounted for by China, Mexico and East Asian exporters ofoffice and telecom equipment; such equipment also accounts fora very large share in total developing countries exports ofmanufactures. For the decade as a whole, a number of smallerexporters – particularly in Asia – also recorded export growthrates well above the global average.

The share of manufactures in the merchandise exports ofdeveloping countries has risen markedly in the 1990s andexceeded two thirds in 1998/99. Exports of office and telecomequipment alone accounted for a larger share of their exportsthan either agricultural products or mining products. As regardsthe latter two product categories, the developing countries’shares in world exports have shown limited gains over the pastdecade but still exceed – at 30% and 54% respectively – their27% share of world exports of manufacturers.

Developing countries merchandise exports and importsslowed markedly in the first half of 2001. Preliminary datasuggest that developing countries exports rose about 2% in USdollar terms in the first six months of 2001 and that over thesame period their imports were up 4%. Trade of developingcountries in Asia was most affected. According to preliminarydata their merchandise exports and imports stagnated in USdollar terms in the first six months, with trade in the secondquarter below that in the same period in 2000. Lower volumegrowth and a decline in US dollar prices both contributed to thisoutcome. Latin America’s trade was up by about 5% (bothexports and imports) but also on a downward trend. Imports ofoil-exporting countries showed some strength despite a markeddeceleration of their export growth.

Least-developed countriesThe 49 least-developed countries (LDCs) – as a group –

shared in the dynamic output and trade growth of the otherdeveloping countries. In 2000, GDP growth of LDCs is estimatedto have exceeded 5%, and the US dollar value of theirmerchandise exports rose by 28%, to a record US$34 billion; thiswas the second consecutive year in which the growth in LDCmerchandise exports exceeded the growth in world merchandiseexports.5

However, the figures for the group as a whole conceal verydivergent developments at the individual country level (Table 3).

For trade purposes, it is useful to distinguish at least four countrygroups:

- oil-exporting LDCs, such as Angola, Yemen, Sudan andEquatorial Guinea; they benefited from higher oil prices andincreased their exports by between 60% and 120% last year.These four countries alone accounted for more than 40% of LDCexports in 2000.

- LDCs that export mostly manufactured goods; theirmerchandise exports rose by nearly one quarter last year. Thisgroup, which accounted for almost one third of LDC exports in2000, comprises Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao People’sDemocratic Republic, Lesotho, Madagascar, Myanmar and Nepal.As a group, these countries have recorded high export growthrates throughout the 1990s, nearly matching or exceeding thatof China. In many instances, exports from affiliates ofmultinational companies contributed to the outstanding tradegrowth.

- the largest group; consists of those LDCs whose exportsare limited to a few primary commodities; their exportperformance is often determined by the cyclical demand incommodity markets and the vagaries of weather. Exports ofthese LDCs are not only erratic but their longer term growthremains well below that of world trade. Even in last year’sbuoyant economic environment, most of these countries sawtheir exports decline.

- those LDCs that, due to armed conflicts and civil strife,experienced a severe contraction of their trade in the 1990s tolevels below that of 20 years ago. Countries in this group –which now accounts for less than 5% of LDC merchandiseexports – are Afghanistan, Burundi, Democratic Republic of theCongo, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Somalia.

Given the very sharp differences in the economic andpolitical conditions, as well as in the trade and output structureof these 49 countries, it is clear that aggregate figures for theLDCs as a whole are, for many purposes, not very helpful. This isevident, for example, from the fact that in 2000 aggregatemerchandise exports from the LDCs were at a record level, whileat the same time more than one third of the LDCs saw theirexports decline.

5 If the LDCs were a single country, they would have been the 34th largestmerchandise exporter in 2000, just ahead of Venezuela and Poland.

Table 3

Merchandise exports of least developed countries by selected country groups, 1990-2000


Total LDC 34 7 -6 12 28

Oil exporters (4) a 15 11 -30 50 63

Exporters of manufactures (7) b 11 14 20 5 23

Commodity exporters (29) 8 1 -1 -6 -3

LDC with civil strife (6) c 1 -7 -12 -8 -3

Memorandum Item :

World 6186 6.0 -1.5 4.0 12.5


2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

a Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Sudan and Yemen.b Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao People’s Dem. Rep., Lesotho, Madagascar, Myanmar and Nepal.c Afghanistan, Burundi, Congo Dem. Rep., Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Somalia.

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4. Trade developments in majorregional trade agreements

Merchandise trade developments, in dollar terms, of thelargest regional trade agreements showed great variation in2000.6 Their combined intra-trade is estimated to haveaccounted for about 36% of world merchandise exports in2000; this is a lower share than at any time during the 1990sand is entirely due to the declining share of EU intra-trade.While intra-trade of the EU, the largest and most integratedRTA, rose less rapidly than its extra-regional trade, intra-trade ofNAFTA expanded substantially faster than its exports to otherregions. However, NAFTA imports from other regions rose, at18%, as fast as its intra-trade. For both MERCOSUR and ASEANintra-trade rose significantly faster than their extra-regionaltrade: for MERCOSUR, in 2000 the share of intra-trade, slightlyabove one fifth, remained below its 1998 peak; for ASEAN,intra-trade accounted for nearly one quarter of total trade, arecord on the import, but not on export, side. Intra-regionaltrade of CEFTA and ANDEAN accounted for somewhat morethan 10% of their total trade and expanded in general lessrapidly than extra-regional trade in 2000. The exception beingthe extra-regional imports of ANDEAN which recovered lessrapidly than intra-trade.

Information on intra-regional trade in commercial services isgenerally not readily available and therefore often not takeninto account in the evaluation of RTAs. However, it is of interestand now feasible to shed some light on intra-trade incommercial services for the EU and NAFTA. In both cases theshare of intra-trade is significantly higher for merchandise thanfor services trade. For the EU the share of intra-trade forcommercial services was 55% in 2000 or five percentage pointsless than for merchandise trade; this share has remainedroughly unchanged from the early 1990s. For NAFTA, the shareof intra-trade in commercial services decreased in the 1990s byabout five percentage points and in 2000 was, at less than onequarter of total services trade, about half the rate recorded formerchandise trade.7 According to preliminary data for the year2000, intra-regional trade in services expanded less dynamicallythan extra-regional trade in services for both the EU andNAFTA.

5. Details on trade developmentsin 2000 by geographic region

Vigorous demand growth in the United States, based on highinvestment and strong consumer expenditure sustained by largecapital inflows, led to a surge in merchandise and commercialservices imports. The current account deficit widened for thefourth consecutive year, reaching a record 4.5% of GDP.Meanwhile the real effective exchange rate of the US dollarcontinued to appreciate, making foreign goods steadily moreattractive to United States buyers. As economic growth picked upin all regions in 2000, North America’s real export growth gainedmomentum and nearly caught up with the 11.5% increase inimports.

The value of North American merchandise exports rose by12.5%, more than twice as fast as in the preceding year andfaster than the 10% increase in exports of commercial services.The acceleration in North America’s merchandise import growthin 2000 compared to 1999 is entirely due to higher prices (on avolume basis, import growth in 2000 just matched the 1999figure).8 Imports of commercial services rose also at double-digitrates but less than merchandise imports.

Price developments also left their mark on the origins ofNorth America’s merchandise imports. Due to the rise in fuelprices, imports from Africa and the Middle East rose by morethan 50% and those from the transition economies more thanone third. Above average import growth was also recorded forshipments originating from the Republic of Korea (29%), Mexico(26%), Brazil (20%) and China (18%). In 2000, imports fromChina and Mexico accounted for 7.5% and 10%, respectively, oftotal North American imports. Over the 1990s, both countriesincreased their shares of North America’s imports, mainly at theexpense of imports from Japan, Chinese Taipei and Brazil. Whilein 2000 intra-North American imports rose less rapidly than total

6 The RTAs with, in dollar terms, the largest intra-trade flows in 2000 are: the EU(1394 billion), NAFTA (680 billion), ASEAN (96 billion), MERCOSUR (18 billion),CEFTA (14 billion) and ANDEAN (5 billion). Values refer to the average of exportsand imports.7 Using the average of exports and imports.8 For the first time in three years North America’s real import expansion laggedsomewhat behind that of global trade.

Table 4

GDP and trade developments in North America, 1990-2000


GDP 3.2 4.1 4.2 3.2 4.1 4.1 2.7 4.5 4.7

Merchandise

Exports (value) 7.5 5.0 12.5 7.0 3.0 11.5 8.0 11.5 16.0

Imports (value) 9.0 11.0 17.5 9.5 12.0 19.0 7.0 7.0 11.0

Exports (volume) 7.0 6.0 10.0 6.5 4.0 9.5 9.0 10.5 11.0

Imports (volume) 8.5 11.5 11.5 8.5 11.5 11.5 9.0 11.0 13.0

Commercial services

Exports (value) 7.5 4.5 10.0 7.5 4.5 10.5 7.5 5.5 9.0

Imports (value) 6.5 4.0 12.5 7.0 4.0 13.5 4.5 3.5 9.0

North America United States Canada

1990-00 1999 2000 1990-00 1999 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

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imports, the 26% share was little changed from its level tenyears earlier. Although imports from Japan and Western Europerose at double-digit rates in 2000, this was not enough to avoida further decrease in their share of North America’s imports (seeTable III.13).

North American merchandise exports to China and Mexicorose by more than one quarter in 2000, twice as fast as totalexports. Intra-North America exports rose faster than totalexports and accounted for 40% of North America’s exports.Mexico became the largest destination for North America’sexports in the 1990s, its 11% share exceeding the combinedshipments to Japan, China and Hong Kong, China in 2000. NorthAmerica’s exports to Japan and the EU rose by 11% and 6%respectively while shipments to the Middle East continued todecrease last year. The share of Africa and the transitioneconomies dwindled further in 2000 and accounted for less than2% of North American exports (see Table III.12).

Latin America’s sharp rise in output in 2000 was mainlydue to the recovery in Brazil and strong GDP growth in Mexico.The double-digit merchandise trade growth of the regionconceals the fact that Mexico’s real trade growth was three tofour times larger than that of the rest of Latin America, adevelopment that can also be observed for the entire 1990-2000period. The main elements in the outstanding Mexican tradegrowth are the expansion of the maquila industry, the creation ofNAFTA and the strength of United States import demand (90%of Mexico’s merchandise exports – mainly manufactured goods –go to the United States).

Measured in dollar terms, Latin American merchandiseexports rose by 20% to 359 billion dollars, sharply reducing theregion’s merchandise trade deficit despite a strong recovery of itsimports (up 16%). Commercial services exports and imports roseby some 13% or twice as fast as the global average. Thispattern, in which Latin America’s commercial services tradeexpands less rapidly than merchandise trade, held throughoutthe 1990s and in 2000. A noteworthy feature of Mexico’scommercial services trade is that, in contrast to merchandisetrade, it is far less dynamic than that of most other LatinAmerican countries.

There was a marked change in the destinations of LatinAmerican merchandise exports in the 1990s as the share of theAmericas rose to nearly 80% at the expense of all other regions.In 2000, the combined value of intra-Latin American trade andexports to North America rose by 23% to a level much higherthan exports to either Western Europe or Asia. Exports to other

regions increased moderately not only in 2000 but alsothroughout the 1990s, to the effect that the share of Africa, theMiddle East and the transition economies combined has fallen to2.5% last year.

The product groups among Latin America’s merchandiseexports showing the strongest rise in 2000 were: fuels (31%),office and telecom equipment (26%), non-ferrous metals (23%),clothing (22%) and automotive products (21%). While thestrength of fuels and non-ferrous metal exports can be attributedto price increases, the rise in exports of the other three productgroups reflects longer-term trends. Each of those three productgroups has more than doubled its share in Latin America’sexports since 1990 and combined they accounted for more thana quarter of Latin America’s exports in 2000.

The trade performances of individual Latin Americancountries are reported in Chart 5. Countries are ranked from thelargest trader (exports plus imports) on the left to the smallesttrader on the right (Mexico and Dominica, respectively). Notsurprisingly the oil exporting countries (Venezuela and Trinidadand Tobago) recorded the by far highest export growth in 2000,while seven countries in the region experienced a contraction intheir exports. The reasons for the contractions range from atemporary closure of a chip plant in the case of Costa Rica tolower exports of bananas in some Caribbean Islands. Last year’sexport developments contrast with those recorded for the 1990swhen the countries which export principally manufactures werethe only ones with average annual export growth rates above10%. These four countries, Mexico, the Dominican Republic,Costa Rica and El Salvador are also among the most dynamicimporters due to their high level of intra-industry trade(processing trade). From Chart 5 it is also evident that thesmaller merchandise traders in Latin America, mainly theCaribbean Islands, recorded much lower trade growth in the1990s than the region’s top 14 traders. The most frequentexplanation given for this development is the lack ofdiversification in the merchandise exports of the CaribbeanIslands, together with a specialization in tourism (a commercialservices item).

In 2000, Western Europe recorded its fastest trade andoutput growth – on a volume basis – in the past decade, asmerchandise exports and imports rose by about 10%, twice asfast as the preceding year. However, trade growth in dollar termsremained sluggish due to the depreciation of the Europeancurrencies against the US dollar and the low rates of inflation in2000. The dollar value of commercial services exports and

Table 5

GDP and trade developments in Latin America, 1990-2000


GDP 3.2 0.4 4.1 3.5 3.5 6.9 3.1 -0.5 3.3

Merchandise

Exports (value) 9.5 6.5 20.0 15.0 16.0 22.0 6.0 -0.5 18.5

Imports (value) 12.0 -3.0 15.5 15.5 13.5 23.0 9.0 -13.5 10.0

Exports (volume) 9.0 7.0 9.5 14.5 14.5 15.5 5.5 2.0 5.0

Imports (volume) 10.5 -1.5 11.0 13.0 14.0 19.0 8.5 -11.0 4.5

Commercial services

Exports (value) 7.5 -0.5 12.5 6.5 -3.0 17.0 7.5 0.5 11.0

Imports (value) 7.5 -5.5 13.0 5.0 11.5 19.5 8.5 -9.5 11.0

Latin America Mexico Other Latin America

1990-00 1999 2000 1990-00 1999 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

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Average

Chile

Costa Rica

Trinidadand Tobago

Mexico

Costa Rica

Panama

Average

Guyana

Venezuela (58)

Cuba

Argentina

Mexico

Venezuela

El Salvador

Panama

Costa Rica

Netherlands Antilles

Haiti

Honduras

Costa Rica

Costa Rica

Haiti

Average

Argentina

Cuba

Mex

ico

NicaraguaHaiti

Dom

inica

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Mexico (349)

Brazil

ArgentinaVenezuela

ChileColombia

NetherlandsAntilles

Bahamas(9000)

Barb

ados

Guyana

Cuba (-11) St. Lucia

n.a.

Chile

Brazil

Trinidad and Tobago (64)

El Salvador Belize Cayman I.

Cayman Islands

St. Vincent and the Granadines

Average

Mexico Belize

Nicaraguan.a.

Grenada

El Salvador

Chart 5

Latin America. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000

(Countries are ranked in descending order (from left to right) of the sum of merchandise exports and imports in 2000)

Merchandise trade of Latin American countries, 2000(Exports plus imports, billion dollars)

Merchandise exports of Latin American countries, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)

Per capita merchandise trade of Latin American countries, 2000(Exports plus imports, dollars)

Merchandise exports of Latin American countries, 1990-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of Latin American countries, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of Latin American countries, 1990-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Dominican Rep.

DominicanRep.

Average

DominicanRep.

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imports was nearly stagnant as in the preceding year, whilemeasured in euros they rose by 14%, significantly faster than in1999.

Large variations could be observed among the destinationsof Western Europe’s merchandise exports. Exports to NorthAmerica, Asia and the transition economies rose between 10%to 13% while shipments to the Middle East and Latin Americarecovered only partially from their contraction in 1999. Exportsto Africa stagnated, as expanding shipments to South Africawere offset by a further shrinking shipments to other Africancountries. Intra-West European trade rose in dollar terms onlymarginally. In the 1990s the highest export growth wasrecorded to Central/East European countries which are in theprocess of joining the European Union. Western Europe’sexports to North America, developing Asia and Latin Americaalso recorded above average growth during the 1990s,reflecting the fact that these regions had been the mostdynamic importers in the world.

As intra-trade accounts for about two thirds of total WesternEuropean trade, the relative performance of product groups isgenerally similar for both total imports and total exports.9 Due tothe marked price increase, fuels and non-ferrous metals recordedthe highest growth of all product groups on the import andexport side. Trade in office and telecom equipment rose by morethan 10% in both exports and imports, remaining – as in thepreceding ten years – the fastest growing product group amongthe manufactured goods. In 2000, office and telecom equipmentaccounted for 13% of Western Europe’s imports whileautomotive products accounted for 10%. Agricultural products,textiles and clothing, in contrast, recorded a contraction on boththe export and import side. Western Europe’s exports ofautomotive products recorded a small increase while importsdecreased. In the 1990s, the average increase of automotiveexports and imports was 5%, thereby somewhat faster thanexports of manufacturers in general.

Western Europe’s merchandise trade by country is shown inChart 6. High export growth is reported by Norway, a fuelsexporter, and Ireland, Finland and Malta, which export primarilyoffice and telecom equipment. These three countries alsorecorded an above-average increase of imports in 2000 and inexports and imports over the last decade. Being net-fuelsexporters contributed to an above-average increase inmerchandise exports from the United Kingdom and theNetherlands.

A strong recovery in domestic demand caused a surge inTurkey’s imports in 2000, while exports stagnated. Turkey’smerchandise trade expansion in the 1990s is second only toIreland’s. It is interesting to note that the smaller traders havebeen, for the most part, more dynamic traders than the largerWestern European countries in both 2000 and in the lastdecade.

In 2000, the transition economies recorded excellentoutput growth and a sharp recovery in their trade. Thesubstantial devaluation of the rouble in 1998 and higher worldprices for oil, natural gas and metals contributed to theoutstanding 8.3% GDP growth in the Russian Federation lastyear. In Central/Eastern Europe economic activity also gainedmomentum and the 3.7% GDP growth was twice the averagerate for the last three years. Following their contraction in 1999,exports and imports expanded with more than 15%, beating theglobal average.

The value of merchandise exports from the region rose by26% to 271 billion dollars in 2000, accounting for 4.4% ofworld exports. The 13% increase in merchandise import valuewas only half that of exports. Imports of commercial services intothe transition economies rose by nearly 15% while exports wereup 8%. Consequently, the region’s trade deficit in commercialservices widened in 2000 at the same time as the region’smerchandise trade surplus was growing.

Within the group of transition economies growth rates formerchandise exports differed widely in 2000, ranging from 14%for Central/Eastern Europe, to 24% for the Baltic States and to38% for the CIS. Although a large part of these differences canbe attributed to the different shares of fuels in their respectiveexports, it is worth noting that CIS exports of manufactured andagricultural products recovered at much stronger rates thanthose of Central/Eastern Europe. In 2000, the sluggishness of thelatter’s exports of agricultural products is partly due to thedecrease in shipments to Western Europe, which fell to a levelbelow the 1996 level (see Table III.47).

The trade performance of individual transition economies isshown in Chart 7. The two outstanding features of the transitioneconomies’ merchandise exports in 2000 are the strong growthof the four major fuel exporting countries (the Russian

9 The share of intra-trade of the major product groups ranges from 65% to 77%for exports and from 47% to 84% for imports.

Table 6

GDP and trade developments in Western Europe, 1990-2000


GDP 2.0 2.4 3.4 2.0 2.6 3.3 … … …

Merchandise

Exports (value) 4.0 0.5 3.0 4.0 0.0 2.5 5.0 -1.5 7.0

Imports (value) 4.0 1.5 5.5 4.0 2.0 5.0 5.5 3.5 13.0

Exports (volume) 6.5 4.5 10.5 6.5 5.0 10.5 4.5 3.5 12.0

Imports (volume) 6.0 5.5 10.0 6.0 6.0 9.5 4.5 5.0 9.5

Commercial services

Exports (value) 4.5 0.5 0.5 4.5 1.5 -0.5 … … …

Imports (value) 4.5 1.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 … … …

Western Europe European Union (15) EU (15) excl. intra-trade

1990-00 1999 2000 1990-00 1999 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

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Chart 6

Western Europe. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000

Merchandise trade of Western European countries, 2000(Exports plus imports, billion dollars)

Merchandise exports of Western European countries, 1990-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Per capita merchandise trade of Western European countries, 2000(Exports plus imports, dollars)

Merchandise exports of Western European countries, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of Western European countries, 1990-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of Western European countries, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Germany

Ireland

FranceUnited Kingdom

ItalyNetherlands

Belgium

Malta

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Belgium Ireland

Germany

Netherlands

Switzerland

Greece

Finland

Average

Malta

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35Norway

France

Germany

Portugal

Ireland

Average Greece

Finland

NetherlandsUKBelgium

Malta

0

5

10

15

20

Ireland

Spain

Turkey

GreeceAverage

n.a.-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Italy

Greece

Spain

Norway

Ireland

Turkey

Average

AustriaPortugal

Malta

Denmark

0

5

10

15

20

Turkey

Ireland

Spain

NetherlandsAverage Finland

n.a.

Norway


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Federation, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan) and thefact that the majority of the 22 transition countries recorded anexpansion in exports above the world average. The high growthrate of the oil exporting transition economies was the outcomeof higher prices combined with an increase in the quantity offuel exports. The expansion of exports from the Central/EastEuropean countries, ranging from 12% for Hungary to 22% forRomania (and thereby below that of the transition countries ingeneral) was affected by the fact that imports into WesternEurope – its major export market – rose by a mere 5.5% in2000.

Despite the strong overall trade growth in 2000, it isdisappointing to note that three transition economies have notregained their 1996 export levels, while five have not regainedtheir 1996 import levels.

Economic growth accelerated somewhat in Africa last yearbut with a GDP growth of 3.1% the expansion exceeded onlyslightly that of population growth and remained the lowestamong all developing regions. Rough estimates for the volume ofAfrica’s merchandise trade indicate that export and importgrowth in real terms was around 6-7%, the lowest rate amongall the geographic regions.

The dollar value of Africa’s merchandise exports rose by morethan one quarter last year, lifting Africa’s share to 2.3% of worldmerchandise exports. The strong expansion of the regionalaggregate hides very divergent trends at the country level.

Exports of the eight African countries which export primarilycrude oil rose by about two thirds, while that of South Africaincreased by 12% and that of the rest of Africa rose by only 1%.The recovery of African imports by 7% to $137 billion was notenough to avoid a further erosion of its share in world imports to2.1%. Oil exporters increased their imports by more than 20%and imports into South Africa were up 11%. The rest of Africa asa group recorded a slight decrease in imports.

Africa’s commercial services exports stagnated in 2000– partly due to sluggish tourism earnings – while commercialservices imports rose by about 9%.

The destination of Africa’s merchandise exports changed in2000 under the impact of the region’s 60% rise in fuels exports.Regions which import primarily fuels from Africa (e.g. North andLatin America) increased their shares in Africa’s merchandiseexports while the shares of other regions stagnated ordecreased. African exports to North America – of which threequarters are fuels – went up by more than two thirds in 2000,bringing its share in Africa’s total exports to 18%, the highestlevel in the past decade. While African exports to Asia, and inparticular to Western Europe, have a more diversified productstructure than those to North America, the share of fuels in thesetrade flows is still close to one half, making this the major factorin the expansion of these trade flows by one quarter in 2000.Consequently, the shares of Western Europe and Asia in Africa’stotal exports remained – at 50% and 17% respectively – roughly

Table 7

GDP and trade developments in transition economies, 1995-2000


GDP 1.4 3.7 7.1 2.2 1.7 3.7 1.1 5.4 8.3

Merchandise

Exports (value) 6.5 -1.0 26.0 8.0 1.0 14.0 5.5 1.0 39.0

Imports (value) 4.0 -12.0 13.5 9.0 -1.0 12.5 -5.5 -32.0 11.5

Exports (volume) 7.0 -2.0 17.0 … … … … … …

Imports (volume) 8.0 -9.0 15.5 … … … … … …

Commercial services

Exports (value) 2 -14 8 1 -11 11 -2 -27 6

Imports (value) 2 -8 15 3 1 5 -3 -18 30

Transition economies C./E. Europe Russian Federation

1995-00 1999 2000 1995-00 1999 2000 1995-00 1999 2000

Table 8

GDP and trade developments in Africa, 1990-2000


GDP 2.3 2.5 3.1 1.7 1.9 3.2 2.4 2.6 3.1

Merchandise

Exports (value) 3.5 9.5 26.5 3.0 1.5 12.5 3.5 12.5 31.0

Imports (value) 4.0 -2.5 6.5 5.0 -8.5 11.0 3.5 -1.0 5.5

Commercial services

Exports (value) 5 10 1 4 -4 1 5 13 1

Imports (value) 4 -3 9 3 1 0 4 -4 10

Africa South Africa Other Africa

1990-00 1999 2000 1990-00 1999 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

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Merchandise trade of transition economies, 2000(Exports plus imports, billion dollars)

Merchandise exports of transition economies, 1995-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Per capita merchandise trade of transition economies, 2000(Exports plus imports, dollars)

Merchandise exports of transition economies, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of transition economies, 1995-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of transition economies, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)


0

20

40

60

80

100

120Russian Fed. (151)

Czech Rep.

Poland

Hungary

UkraineSlovak Rep.

RomaniaBelarus

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Estonia

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Hungary

Slovak Rep.

LithuaniaLatvia

Geo

rgia

Average

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Hungary

Azerbaijan

Georgia

Bulgaria

EstoniaKazakhstan

Average

Moldova (-9)-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40Turkmenistan

(102)

Belarus

RussianFed.

Albania

Ukraine

Azerbaijan(88)

Kazakhstan(64)

AverageArmenia

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Russian Fed. (-6)

AzerbaijanEstoniaLatvia

Georgia

Tajikistan

Hungary

Poland

Average

Belarus

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Armenia

Moldova, Rep. of

Hungary

Russ

ian,

Fed

.

BelarusKazakhstan

Romania

Average

Estonia

Kyrgyz Rep.

Chart 7

Transition economies. Merchandise trade by country, 1995-2000

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Nigeria

EgyptMorocco

South Africa

Algeria

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

TunisiaAngola

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Mauritius

Swaziland

Djibouti

Botswana

Gabon (3600)

TunisiaNamibia

Average

Libyan A.J. (4000)

Seychelles (6500)

Equatorial Guinea

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Lesotho

Gambia (-16) Sierra

Leon

e (-2

1)

Ghana

Zambia

Morocco

Average

Congo, D. R.

SudanGuinea-Bissau

Equatorial Guinea (31)

Seychelles

Uganda

South Africa

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Congo (60)

Sudan (132)

MalawiUganda

Libya A.J. (84) Sierra Leone (117)

Zimbabwe

Sao Tome and Principe

MauritaniaCôte d'Ivoire

AverageEquatorial Guinea

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Uganda

Ghana Cape Verde

Congo, D.R.

Benin

Zambia

Average

Nigeria Sudan

n.a.

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Zimbabwe

Uganda

Burkina Faso

Sao

Tom

e an

d Pr

incip

e (8

6)

Madagascar

Average

Egypt

Libya A.J. (80) Sierra Leone (84)

Algeria

n.a.

n.a.


Chart 8

Africa. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000

Merchandise trade of African countries, 2000(Exports plus imports, billion dollars)

Merchandise exports of African countries, 1990-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Per capita merchandise trade of African countries, 2000(Exports plus imports, dollars)

Merchandise exports of African countries, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of African countries, 1990-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of African countries, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)

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unchanged from the preceding year. It is estimated that intra-African trade increased by 12%, which implies a decrease in thisshare to about 7.5%, the lowest level in the last five years (seeTable III.58).

In addition to the sharp rise in fuels exports, other majorfeatures of Africa’s merchandise exports include a markeddecrease in agricultural exports, a stagnation of clothingshipments and a sharp rise in exports of chemicals and othersemi-manufactured goods (including diamonds).

Chart 8 summarizes Africa’s merchandise trade by country forthe year 2000 and the period 1990-2000. Three featuresstandout. First, Africa’s trade is highly concentrated, with fourcountries alone out of 52 accounting for more than one half ofAfrica’s trade. Second, as it is indicated by the markeddifferences in per capita trade, the importance of merchandisetrade differs dramatically among African countries. Third, thechart reveals that there is a large variation in the individual tradeperformance of African countries not only in 2000 but also overthe 1990-2000 period. Over the last ten years 11 Africancountries expanded their exports faster than the 6% increase inworld trade, while 14 African countries exported less in 2000than ten years earlier – confirming the point made in connectionwith LDC trade that aggregated regional data often concealshighly divergent developments at a more disaggregated level.

The Middle East, where fuels account for three quarters ofmerchandise exports, was the region that benefitted most fromthe oil price increases over the last two years. For the secondyear in a row, it recorded the highest export growth of all theregions and its share in world merchandise exports reached4.2% the highest level since 1985. Despite the sharply higherexport earnings, imports of merchandise recovered only by13.5%, resulting in a substantial trade and current accountsurplus.

Commercial services exports rose by 15% to 34 billion dollarsin 2000. Although commercial services exports of the regionhave expanded faster than imports over the last four years, theregion still recorded a commercial services deficit in the order of22 billion dollars, offsetting about one fourth of the region’smerchandise trade surplus.

The regional pattern of the Middle East’s merchandise exportsshows above average growth to Asia and North America andbelow average growth to Western Europe. This relative strengthof shipments to Asia and North America is not limited to recentyears but can be observed as well for the past decade. Asia’sshare in the Middle East’s exports of mining products reached58% and approached one half of the region’s total merchandiseexports. Asia is also the major market for the region’s chemicalsexports. Largely due to the development of a petrochemicalindustry, chemicals have become the second major product in theMiddle East’s exports, accounting for about 6% of the region’s

total merchandise exports. The share of intra-regional trade intotal trade is estimated to have been about 6.5% last year,unchanged from 1990.

The trade performance of individual countries in the MiddleEast is shown in Chart 9. Those countries which export primarilycrude oil recorded increases in their exports in excess of 50%,while the fuel importers recorded export growth rates below10%, with the notable exception of Israel. Israel’s strong exportperformance in the 1990s and in 2000 can be partly attributedto the strength of its exports in office and telecom equipment.

Yemen and Kuwait recorded the highest export growth in the1990s due to an expansion of their crude oil production. In thecase of Yemen, new wells more than doubled oil output while inKuwait production has recovered from the low level followingthe Gulf War.

While Asia’s economic recovery continued in 2000, the 3.5%GDP growth was below that recorded in the first half of the1990s. Japan’s economy, the largest in the region, reported alacklustre growth of 1.5% last year, in contrast to the nearly 7%GDP growth in developing Asia. The five Asian countries mostaffected by the financial turbulence in 1997/98 – recorded anaverage GDP growth of 6.5%. However, growth rates differedmarkedly between those countries, ranging from nearly 9% forthe Republic of Korea to 4% in the Philippines. China’s reportedGDP growth was 8% in 2000, down slightly from the 10%average growth in the 1990s, the latter a significantachievement for the most populous country in the world.

Despite the moderate acceleration of Asia’s economic growthin 2000, its trade volume surged by more than 15%, about twicethe average growth rate for the 1990s. The merchandise exportvolume of the five Asian countries just mentioned expanded bynearly 20% and imports recovered nearly as fast. Japan’s importgrowth over the last two years is astonishingly strong given thenear stagnation of its economy. Nevertheless, the expansion inthe volume of exports and imports was less than the worldaverage, both in 2000 and throughout the decade.

For the second year in a row, Asia’s merchandise imports (invalue terms) expanded faster than the region’s merchandiseexports. However, in 2000 Asia’s 23% share in worldmerchandise imports remained below its previous peak of 25%in 1995, while Asia’s export share recovered to its previous peak(see Chart III.18). Asia’s commercial services exports rose by12% in 2000, twice the world average, while the region’simports rose by 8%. The excess of the region’s export overimport growth can be attributed largely to the region’s twolargest commercial services exporters, Japan and Hong Kong,China. Both recorded a rise in their commercial services exportsof 13% in 2000, while their imports rose only moderately (seeTable III.79).

Table 9

Trade developments in the Middle East, 1990-2000


Merchandise

Exports (value) -21.0 28.0 46.5 1.5 12.5 7.0

Imports (value) -0.5 1.5 13.5 5.5 5.5 5.5

Commercial services

Exports (value) 5 10 15 8 8 8

Imports (value) -8 2 10 4 5 4

1998 1999 2000 1990-95 1995-00 1990-00

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120 Saudi Arabia

Israel

UnitedArab

Emirates

Iran, Islamic Rep. of

Kuwait

OmanQatar

Cyprus

Iraq

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000United Arab Emirates (27000) Qatar

IsraelKuwait

Bahrain

Cyprus

JordanAverage

IranIraq

Syria Yemen

Saudi Arabia

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Jordan

IsraelKuwait

Yemen

Lebanon

Iran

Iraq Bahrain

AverageSaudi

Arabia

Cyprus

Qatar

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Cyprus

Oman

Saudi Arabia

Jordan

Iraq

Average

Yemen

Lebanon

Israel

Iran

Kuwait

Qatar

Syria

-5

0

5

10

15

20

IsraelKuwait

Lebanon

Yemen

United Arab Emirates

Average

Saudi Arabia

Iran

Iraq

Bahrain

CyprusJordan

Oman Qatar

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Bahrain

Kuwait

Saudi Arabia

Oman

Israel

Lebanon

Jordan

Cyprus

Yemen

Qatar

Iraq

Iran

Average

Syria

Syria

Merchandise trade of Middle Eastern countries, 2000(Exports plus imports, billion dollars)

Merchandise exports of Middle Eastern countries, 1990-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Per capita merchandise trade of Middle Eastern countries, 2000(Exports plus imports, dollars)

Merchandise exports of Middle Eastern countries, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of Middle Eastern countries, 1990-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of Middle Eastern countries, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)

Chart 9

Middle East. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000(Countries are ranked in descending order (from left to right) of the sum of merchandise exports and imports in 2000)

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There was a 25% expansion of intra-regional merchandiseexports in 2000, which now accounts for nearly one half ofAsia’s exports. Although this represents a marked advancecompared with the 42% share in 1990, it is still below theprevious record level of 52% reached in 1996 before theoutbreak of the financial crises. The share of North America andWestern Europe in Asia’s exports decreased somewhat in 2000(to nearly 26% and 17% respectively) but still remained abovethe 1995 levels (see Table III.72).

The major product groups in Asia’s merchandise exportsrecorded rather divergent rates of expansion in 2000, rangingfrom nearly 40% for fuels to 8% for automotive products.Product groups that expanded by at least 20% in 2000 includeiron and steel, office and telecom equipment, and othermachinery and transport equipment. Exports of agriculturalproducts rose by 11%, a strong performance given the weaknessof international food prices. Intra-Asian trade in agriculturalproducts was up 14% and accounted for nearly two thirds of theregion’s agricultural exports. Office and telecom equipment againshowed the highest expansion in value – except fuels – in 2000,bringing its share in Asia’s merchandise exports to a record 27%.It has not only become Asia’s major merchandise export productbut also the product for which Asia has the largest share –nearly one half – in world exports (see Table III.71).

Asia’s merchandise trade by country showed more variationon the import than on the export side in 2000. Among the Asianeconomies shown in Chart 10, nine recorded export growth inexcess of 25%, while only one (Fiji) recorded a contraction. Asfor merchandise imports, value increases in excess of 25% werereported for seven economies, while for seven other Asianeconomies imports either stagnated or declined. In some casesthe strong export growth can be traced partly to higher prices foroil (Indonesia, Viet Nam and Brunei Darussalam) and nickel (NewCaledonia).

Merchandise exports from Japan, the regions largest trader,expanded less rapidly than exports from the rest of Asia not onlyin 2000 but also throughout the 1990-2000 period.Consequently, its share in Asia’s exports decreased from 36% in1990 to 26% in 2000. The seven most dynamic Asian traderswith annual export and import growth in excess of 10%throughout the 1990-2000 period include Cambodia, China, LaoPeople’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippinesand Viet Nam. However, despite their rapid trade expansion

Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Myanmar stillhad a very low level of trade per capita (less than 200 dollars) in2000. The major change in Asia’s trade by country over the lastdecade is the increased weight of China. In 1990, China was thefourth largest exporter and fifth larger importer in Asia, and itstrade was about one fifth that of Japan. In 2000, China hasbecome Asia’s second largest trader, accounting for 15% ofAsia’s trade, and its trade was equivalent to roughly one half ofJapan’s trade.

6. Developments in the first halfof 2001 and outlook for the yearas a whole

Following the strong growth of world trade in 2000, amarked deceleration in 2001 was widely anticipated, with partsof the world economy already showing signs of weakening in thefourth quarter of 2000 (Chart 11). For the informationtechnology sector, warning signs had appeared even earlier inthe year – with the sharp declines in share prices on the majorstock exchanges – but it was only in the first half of 2001 thatthe full impact on investment and production in this sectorbecame fully apparent. Adjustment to higher energy prices andthe effects of tighter monetary policies in the industrial countriesfor most of 2000 were other major factors behind the weakereconomic growth in early 2001. While the slowing of the UnitedStates economy in 2001 has, for the most part, matchedexpectations, short-term growth prospects in many other parts ofthe world economy became more clouded in the first six monthsof the year.

Output growth in Western Europe slowed more than expectedin the first half of 2001, while Japan’s economy hovered on theedge of a recession. East Asian economies with a large share ofinformation technology products in their export baskets sufferedfrom the very sharp decline in global demand for these products.In contrast, China’s economy, helped by strong domesticdemand, showed few effects of the weaker economies of itsneighbours. Latin America’s output growth was reviseddownwards due to the financial crisis in Argentina and theenergy crisis in Brazil. Africa seems to be the only region in

Table 10

GDP and trade developments in Asia, 1990-2000


GDP 3.2 0.0 2.8 3.4 1.3 -1.1 0.8 1.5 5.2 -8.1 6.5 6.7

Merchandise

Exports (value) 8.5 -6.0 7.5 18.5 5.0 -8.0 8.0 14.5 11.5 -3.5 10.0 18.5

Imports (value) 7.5 -18.0 10.5 23.5 5.0 -17.0 11.0 22.0 8.5 -31.0 15.0 27.5

Exports (volume) 8.0 3.5 7.0 16.0 3.0 -1.5 2.0 9.5 14.0 14.5 14.5 19.0

Imports (volume) 7.5 -8.5 9.0 15.5 5.5 -5.5 9.5 11.0 8.5 -21.5 10.5 17.5

Commercial services

Exports (value) 9 -13 4 12 5 -9 -2 13 10 -22 0 5

Imports (value) 7 -11 6 8 3 -9 3 1 11 -25 4 15

Asia Japan Asia (5) a

1990-00 1998 1999 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

a Asia (5) comprises the five countries most affected by the financial crisis in 1997/98: Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand.

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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Korea, Rep. of

Malaysia

Japan (859)

Chinese Taipei

China

Indonesia India

Thailand Australia

Singapore

Hong Kong, China

Philippines Viet Nam

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

Australia

Chinese Taipei

Singapore (84000)

Hong Kong, China(62000)

Malaysia

Brunei Darussalam

NewZealand

Macau, China

Thailand

Japan Average

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Viet Nam

Mongolia

Malaysia

Cambodia

Hong Kong, China

NepalChina

Thailand

Philippines

BangladeshMyanmar

Lao People's Dem. Rep.

Average

Korea, DPR -15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45New Caledonia (61)

China

Maldives

BruneiDarussalam

Fiji

Indonesia

Average

Nepal

Bangladesh

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Cambodia Maldives

Average

Myanmar

Afghanistan

Viet Nam

Hong Kong, China

Japan

Sri Lanka

China

Korea, DPR (-11) -15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Korea,DPR

Korea, Rep. of

Maldives

Indonesia

Papua New Guinea

Average

New Zealand

China

Mongolia

Fiji (-20)

Afghanistan

Malaysia

Viet Nam

Chart 10

Asia. Merchandise trade by country, 1990-2000

Merchandise trade of Asian countries, 2000(Exports plus imports, billion dollars)

Merchandise exports of Asian countries, 1990-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Per capita merchandise trade of Asian countries, 2000(Exports plus imports, dollars)

Merchandise exports of Asian countries, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of Asian countries, 1990-2000(Average annual percentage change in dollar values)

Merchandise imports of Asian countries, 2000(Percentage change in dollar values)


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-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Q1 Q1Q1

Q1 Q1 Q1

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1

Chart 11

Real GDP and trade growth of OECD countries, 1996-2001

GDP Exports of goods and services Imports of goods and services

(Percentage change on a year-to-year basis)

OECD CountriesUnited States

JapanEuropean Union

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1996 19971998

1999 2000 2001

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

which GDP growth may be higher in 2001 than in 2000;however, it was also the region with the lowest growth in 2000and its growth continues to be well below the average fordeveloping countries.

An important factor behind the sharper-than-expectedslowdown in world economic growth is the steep fall inexpenditure on information technology products. This sector,which played a key role in the outstanding economic growth inmany regions during the second half of the 1990s, is nowundergoing severe contractionary pressures. Worldwide sales ofpersonal computers in the second quarter of 2001 were belowtheir level in the corresponding period of 2000, and are expectedto remain below last year’s level for the full year 2001 – the firstever such annual decline. In June 2001, the value of globalshipments of semi-conductors – also a major item in world trade– was down 30% compared with its level a year earlier.10

Preliminary figures for the first half of 2001 indicate that thedeceleration of trade growth this year will be much sharper thanpreviously expected. Factors behind the downward revisioninclude the unexpectedly strong slowdown in demand growth inWestern Europe, the stagnation of imports into the United Statesin the first half of the year, and the repercussions on trade –especially that of East Asia – of the dramatic downturn inproduction and investment in the information technologyindustry world wide.

With inflation in all major regions at low levels, theappreciation of the US dollar vis-à-vis the currencies of the majortraders in Western Europe and in Asia led to a fall in the pricesof internationally traded goods. Falling US dollar prices and aslowdown in volume growth, in turn, caused a sharp

deceleration in the growth in the dollar value of world trade.According to preliminary data, the value of world trade increasedonly 1% in the first half of 2001, after an increase of 12.5% for2000; it appears that in the second quarter of 2001 the value ofworld trade fell to a level below that of a year ago.

Japan and the Asian developing countries which are majortraders in office and telecom equipment reported double-digitpercentage declines in the value of their merchandise exportsand imports in the second quarter of 2001 (on a year-over-yearbasis). China’s vigorous trade expansion slowed in the first halfof 2001; but with imports still growing at double-digit rates andexports up by 9%, its sizeable trade surplus decreased. Therelative strength of China’s trade developments in the first sixmonths of 2001 can be attributed to its strong domestic demandgrowth, the stability of its currency vis-à-vis the US dollar and arelatively small share of office and telecom products in itsmerchandise trade.

Growth in the value of North America’s trade deceleratedfurther in the first quarter of 2001, and in the second quarterboth exports and imports were below their year-earlier levels.Latin America’s trade in the first half, in contrast, expanded byabout 5% despite the sharply slower growth in Mexico’s trade.Western Europe’s merchandise exports and imports areestimated to have increased by only 2.5% and 1.5% in value,respectively, during the first half due to lower volume growthand the valuation effect of the depreciation of the euro andother European currencies vis-à-vis the US dollar. Stimulated by

10 Semi-conductor Industry Association, Press Release August 2, 2001.

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the Russian Federation’s strong 20% import expansion, thetransition economies turned in the best trade performanceamong the major regions during the first half of 2001.

On the basis of the latest available data, world merchandisetrade is expected to grow in volume terms by only 2% in 2001,instead of the 7% projected earlier in the year. Moreover, there isgreat uncertainty about trade and growth developments in the

fourth quarter of 2001, particularly in light of the tragic events of11 September 2001, and thus even the 2% trade growthforecast must be considered tentative. Trade in Western Europeand the transition economies is expected to increase somewhatmore than 2%, while that of North America is likely to be belowthe global average. Projections for Japan foresee a contraction inexports, coupled with a moderate growth in imports.

I. World trade in 2000 - Overview

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Table I.1

Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production by major product group, 1990-00


1990-00 1997 1998 1999 2000

World merchandise exports 7.0 11.0 5.0 5.0 12.0

Agricultural products 4.5 6.0 0.0 2.5 8.0

Mining products 4.0 9.5 4.0 -1.5 0.5

Manufactures 7.5 12.0 5.0 7.0 14.5

World merchandise production 2.5 4.5 2.0 2.5 4.5

Agriculture 2.0 2.5 1.5 2.5 1.0

Mining 1.5 3.5 1.5 -2.0 3.5

Manufacturing 2.5 5.5 2.5 3.5 6.0

World GDP 2.0 3.5 2.0 3.0 4.0

Note: World merchandise production differs from world GDP in that it excludes services and construction.

Table I.2

Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region, 1990-00


Exports Imports

1990-00 1999 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

7.0 5.0 12.0 World 7.0 6.0 12.0

7.0 6.0 10.0 North America a 8.5 11.5 11.5

9.0 7.0 9.5 Latin America 10.5 -1.5 11.0

6.5 4.5 10.5 Western Europe 6.0 5.5 10.0

6.5 5.0 10.5 European Union (15) 6.0 6.0 9.5

5.5 -2.0 17.0 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 4.0 -9.0 15.5

8.0 7.0 16.0 Asia 7.5 9.0 15.5

3.0 2.0 9.5 Japan 5.5 9.5 11.0

10.5 9.0 16.5 Six East Asian traders 8.0 11.0 16.5

a Excluding Mexico throughout this report.

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Table I.3

Growth in the value of world merchandise trade by region, 2000


Exports Imports

Value Annual percentage change Value Annual percentage change

2000 1990-00 1999 2000 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

6186 6 4 12 World 6490 6 4 13

1058 7 5 12 North America a 1504 9 11 17

359 9 7 20 Latin America 388 12 -3 16

2441 4 0 3 Western Europe 2567 4 1 5

2251 4 0 2 European Union (15) 2362 4 2 5

271 7 0 26 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 242 5 -12 13

116 8 1 14 Central and Eastern Europe 146 10 -1 13

105 - 1 39 Russian Fed. 46 - -32 12

145 3 10 27 Africa 137 4 -3 7

263 7 28 46 Middle East 171 6 1 14

1649 8 7 18 Asia 1481 8 10 23

479 5 8 14 Japan 380 5 11 22

249 15 6 28 China 225 15 18 36

649 9 8 19 Six East Asian traders 615 8 11 27


Note: It should be mentioned at the outset that there are breaks in the continuity of the figures at the country and regional levels. These breaks are indicated in Appendix

Tables A5 and A6. Explanations of significant breaks are given in the Technical Notes.

Table I.4

Growth in the value of world trade in commercial services by selected region, 2000


Exports Imports

Value Annual percentage change Value Annual percentage change

2000 1990-00 1999 2000 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

1435 6 2 6 World 1435 6 2 6

312 8 5 10 North America a 241 7 4 13

61 7 0 12 Latin America 72 8 -5 13

646 5 0 0 Western Europe 615 5 1 1

577 5 1 0 European Union (15) 571 5 1 1

31 5 10 1 Africa 39 4 -3 9

303 9 4 12 Asia 365 7 6 8

30 18 10 15 China 36 24 17 16

68 5 -2 13 Japan 116 3 3 1

145 10 7 11 Six East Asian traders 138 10 8 13


Note: It should be mentioned at the outset that there are numerous breaks in the continuity of the figures at the country and regional levels due to frequent revisions to

the trade in services data. See the Technical Notes.

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Table I.5

Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2000


Annual Annualpercentage percentage

Rank Exporters Value Share change Rank Importers Value Share change

1 United States 781.1 12.3 11 1 United States 1257.6 18.9 192 Germany 551.5 8.7 1 2 Germany 502.8 7.5 63 Japan 479.2 7.5 14 3 Japan 379.5 5.7 224 France 298.1 4.7 -1 4 United Kingdom 337.0 5.1 55 United Kingdom 284.1 4.5 6 5 France 305.4 4.6 46 Canada 276.6 4.3 16 6 Canada 244.8 3.7 117 China 249.3 3.9 28 7 Italy 236.5 3.5 78 Italy 237.8 3.7 1 8 China 225.1 3.4 369 Netherlands 212.5 3.3 6 9 Hong Kong, China 214.2 3.2 19

10 Hong Kong, China 202.4 3.2 16 retained imports a 35.4 0.5 24 domestic exports 23.7 0.4 6 10 Netherlands 198.0 3.0 4 re-exports 178.8 2.8 18

11 Belgium 186.1 2.9 4 11 Mexico 182.6 2.7 2312 Korea, Rep. of 172.3 2.7 20 12 Belgium 173.0 2.6 513 Mexico 166.4 2.6 22 13 Korea, Rep. of 160.5 2.4 3414 Taipei, Chinese 148.3 2.3 22 14 Spain 153.5 2.3 615 Singapore 137.9 2.2 20 15 Taipei, Chinese 140.0 2.1 26

domestic exports 78.9 1.2 15 16 Singapore 134.5 2.0 21 re-exports 59.1 0.9 28 retained imports 75.6 1.1 16

16 Spain 113.7 1.8 3 17 Switzerland 83.6 1.3 517 Russian Fed. 105.2 1.7 39 18 Malaysia 82.2 1.2 2718 Malaysia 98.2 1.5 16 19 Sweden 72.8 1.1 619 Sweden 86.9 1.4 2 20 Australia 71.5 1.1 320 Saudi Arabia b 84.1 1.3 66

21 Switzerland 81.5 1.3 2 21 Austria 68.6 1.0 -222 Ireland 79.9 1.3 12 22 Thailand 61.9 0.9 2323 Thailand 69.1 1.1 18 23 Brazil 58.5 0.9 1324 Austria 63.9 1.0 -1 24 Turkey 53.5 0.8 3125 Australia 63.9 1.0 14 25 Ireland 50.9 0.8 826 Indonesia 62.1 1.0 28 26 India 50.5 0.8 1227 Norway 60.0 0.9 32 27 Poland 48.9 0.7 728 Brazil 55.1 0.9 15 28 Russian Fed. 45.5 0.7 1229 Denmark 49.6 0.8 0 29 Denmark 44.3 0.7 -130 Finland 45.6 0.7 9 30 Portugal 38.2 0.6 -4

31 India 42.3 0.7 16 31 Israel 38.1 0.6 1532 United Arab Emirates b 39.9 0.6 29 32 Norway 34.4 0.5 133 Philippines 39.8 0.6 9 33 Finland 33.9 0.5 734 Venezuela 31.8 0.5 58 34 Philippines 33.8 0.5 435 Poland 31.7 0.5 15 35 Indonesia 33.5 0.5 4036 Israel 31.3 0.5 21 36 Czech Rep. c 32.2 0.5 1537 Iran, Islamic Rep. of b 30.0 0.5 52 37 Hungary 32.1 0.5 1538 South Africa 30.0 0.5 12 38 United Arab Emirates 31.9 0.5 439 Czech Rep. 29.0 0.5 11 39 Saudi Arabia b 30.3 0.5 840 Hungary 28.1 0.4 12 40 South Africa 29.7 0.4 11

41 Turkey 26.6 0.4 0 41 Greece b 26.3 0.4 -142 Argentina 26.3 0.4 13 42 Argentina 25.1 0.4 -143 Portugal 23.3 0.4 -5 43 Chile 18.1 0.3 1944 Nigeria b 20.1 0.3 57 44 Venezuela b 16.1 0.2 1445 Algeria 19.6 0.3 56 45 Viet Nam 15.6 0.2 3546 Kuwait 19.5 0.3 60 46 Iran, Islamic Rep. of b 15.2 0.2 2047 Iraq b 19.3 0.3 61 47 Egypt 14.0 0.2 -1348 Chile 18.2 0.3 16 48 Ukraine 14.0 0.2 1849 Ukraine 14.6 0.2 26 49 New Zealand 13.9 0.2 -350 Viet Nam 14.5 0.2 25 50 Iraq b 13.7 0.2 61

Total of above d 6038.0 94.9 - Total of above d 6178.0 92.6 -World d 6364.0 100.0 12 World d 6669.0 100.0 13

a Retained imports are defined as imports less re-exports. See the Technical Notes.

b Secretariat estimates.

c Imports are valued f.o.b.

d Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.

Note: For annual data 1990-00, see Appendix Tables A5 and A6.

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Table I.6

Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU trade), 2000


Annual Annual percentage percentage


1 Extra-EU exports 858.9 17.3 7 1 United States 1257.6 23.9 192 United States 781.1 15.7 11 2 Extra-EU imports 965.7 18.3 133 Japan 479.2 9.6 14 3 Japan 379.5 7.2 224 Canada 276.6 5.6 16 4 Canada 244.8 4.6 115 China 249.3 5.0 28 5 China 225.1 4.3 366 Hong Kong, China 202.4 4.1 16 6 Hong Kong, China 214.2 4.1 19

domestic exports 23.7 0.5 6 retained imports a 35.4 0.7 24 re-exports 178.8 3.6 18 7 Mexico 182.6 3.5 23

7 Korea, Rep. of 172.3 3.5 20 8 Korea, Rep. of 160.5 3.0 348 Mexico 166.4 3.3 22 9 Taipei, Chinese 140.0 2.7 269 Taipei, Chinese 148.3 3.0 22 10 Singapore 134.5 2.6 21

10 Singapore 137.9 2.8 20 retained imports a 75.6 1.4 16 domestic exports 78.9 1.6 15 re-exports 59.1 1.2 28

11 Russian Fed. 105.2 2.1 39 11 Switzerland 83.6 1.6 512 Malaysia 98.2 2.0 16 12 Malaysia 82.2 1.6 2713 Saudi Arabia 84.1 1.7 66 13 Australia 71.5 1.4 314 Switzerland 81.5 1.6 2 14 Thailand 61.9 1.2 2315 Thailand 69.1 1.4 18 15 Brazil 58.5 1.1 1316 Australia 63.9 1.3 14 16 Turkey 53.5 1.0 3117 Indonesia 62.1 1.2 28 17 India 50.5 1.0 1218 Norway 60.0 1.2 32 18 Poland 48.9 0.9 719 Brazil 55.1 1.1 15 19 Russian Fed. 45.5 0.9 1220 India 42.3 0.9 16 20 Israel 38.1 0.7 15

21 United Arab Emirates b 39.9 0.8 29 21 Norway 34.4 0.7 122 Philippines 39.8 0.8 9 22 Philippines 33.8 0.6 423 Venezuela 31.8 0.6 58 23 Indonesia 33.5 0.6 4024 Poland 31.7 0.6 15 24 Czech Rep. c 32.2 0.6 1525 Israel 31.3 0.6 21 25 Hungary 32.1 0.6 1526 Iran, Islamic Rep. of b 30.0 0.6 52 26 United Arab Emirates 31.9 0.6 427 South Africa 30.0 0.6 12 27 Saudi Arabia b 30.3 0.6 828 Czech Rep. 29.0 0.6 11 28 South Africa 29.7 0.6 1129 Hungary 28.1 0.6 12 29 Argentina 25.1 0.5 -130 Turkey 26.6 0.5 0 30 Chile 18.1 0.3 19

31 Argentina 26.3 0.5 13 31 Venezuela b 16.1 0.3 1432 Nigeria b 20.1 0.4 57 32 Viet Nam 15.6 0.3 3533 Algeria 19.6 0.4 56 33 Iran, Islamic Rep. of b 15.2 0.3 2034 Kuwait 19.5 0.4 60 34 Egypt 14.0 0.3 -1335 Iraq b 19.3 0.4 61 35 Ukraine 14.0 0.3 1836 Chile 18.2 0.4 16 36 New Zealand 13.9 0.3 -337 Ukraine 14.6 0.3 26 37 Iraq b 13.7 0.3 6138 Viet Nam 14.5 0.3 25 38 Romania 13.1 0.2 2639 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya b 14.2 0.3 84 39 Nigeria b 12.9 0.2 2440 New Zealand 13.3 0.3 7 40 Slovak Rep. c 12.7 0.2 12

41 Colombia 13.0 0.3 13 41 Colombia 11.5 0.2 842 Slovak Rep. 11.9 0.2 16 42 Morocco 11.5 0.2 1643 Oman 11.3 0.2 57 43 Pakistan 11.0 0.2 744 Romania 10.4 0.2 22 44 Slovenia 10.1 0.2 245 Qatar 9.4 0.2 30 45 Dominican Republic b 9.8 0.2 2246 Pakistan 9.2 0.2 8 46 Algeria 9.2 0.2 047 Kazakhstan 9.1 0.2 64 47 Peru 8.8 0.2 948 Slovenia 8.7 0.2 1 48 Tunisia 8.6 0.2 149 Angola 7.9 0.2 52 49 Belarus 8.5 0.2 2750 Morocco 7.4 0.1 1 50 Bangladesh 8.4 0.2 9

Total of above d 4790.0 96.3 - Total of above d 4801.0 91.1 -World (excl. intra-EU trade) d 4972.0 100.0 17 World (excl. intra-EU trade) d 5272.0 100.0 17

a Retained imports are defined as imports less re-exports. See the Technical Notes.

b Secretariat estimates.


d Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.

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Table I.7

Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2000


Annual Annualpercentage percentage


1 United States 274.6 19.1 10 1 United States 198.9 13.8 13

2 United Kingdom 99.9 7.0 -3 2 Germany 132.3 9.2 0

3 France 81.2 5.7 0 3 Japan 115.7 8.1 1

4 Germany 80.0 5.6 1 4 United Kingdom 82.1 5.7 -1

5 Japan 68.3 4.8 13 5 France 61.5 4.3 -2

6 Italy 56.7 4.0 -6 6 Italy 55.7 3.9 -3

7 Spain 53.0 3.7 0 7 Netherlands 51.1 3.6 2

8 Netherlands 52.3 3.6 -1 8 Canada 41.9 2.9 9

9 Hong Kong, China 42.1 2.9 13 9 Belgium-Luxembourg 38.3 2.7 6

10 Belgium-Luxembourg 42.0 2.9 4 10 China 35.9 2.5 16

11 Canada 37.2 2.6 9 11 Korea, Rep. of 33.4 2.3 25

12 China 30.1 2.1 15 12 Spain 30.8 2.1 2

13 Austria 30.0 2.1 -3 13 Austria 29.1 2.0 -1

14 Korea, Rep. of 29.2 2.0 13 14 Ireland 28.7 2.0 8

15 Singapore 26.6 1.9 13 15 Hong Kong, China 26.2 1.8 3

16 Switzerland 26.4 1.8 0 16 Taipei, Chinese 25.7 1.8 10

17 Denmark 20.6 1.4 22 17 Sweden 23.4 1.6 4

18 Taipei, Chinese 20.2 1.4 18 18 Singapore 21.3 1.5 13

19 Sweden 20.0 1.4 2 19 India 19.9 1.4 16

20 Turkey 19.2 1.3 19 20 United Arab Emirates a 18.8 1.3 …

21 Australia 17.8 1.2 5 21 Denmark 18.3 1.3 21

22 India 17.6 1.2 26 22 Australia 17.7 1.2 -1

23 Ireland 16.6 1.2 8 23 Russian Fed. 17.4 1.2 30

24 Norway 15.0 1.0 8 24 Mexico 16.8 1.2 19

25 Israel 14.3 1.0 32 25 Malaysia 16.6 1.2 13

26 Malaysia 13.6 0.9 15 26 Brazil 15.9 1.1 19

27 Mexico 13.6 0.9 17 27 Switzerland 15.5 1.1 -1

28 Thailand 12.8 0.9 -12 28 Thailand 14.7 1.0 9

29 Greece a 10.2 0.7 … 29 Norway 14.5 1.0 -1

30 Egypt 9.7 0.7 4 30 Indonesia a 14.3 1.0 …

31 Russian Fed. 9.6 0.7 6 31 Israel 12.1 0.8 16

32 Poland 9.5 0.7 13 32 Saudi Arabia 10.9 0.8 16

33 Brazil 8.8 0.6 29 33 Argentina 8.6 0.6 3

34 Portugal 8.3 0.6 -3 34 Finland 8.2 0.6 5

35 Czech Rep. 7.1 0.5 5 35 Turkey 7.6 0.5 -10

36 Hungary 6.2 0.4 11 36 Poland 7.4 0.5 7

37 Finland 6.0 0.4 -7 37 Egypt 7.2 0.5 20

38 South Africa 4.9 0.3 1 38 Portugal 6.4 0.4 -4

39 Indonesia a 4.8 0.3 … 39 Philippines 6.1 0.4 -19

40 Saudi Arabia 4.8 0.3 -11 40 Czech Rep. 5.8 0.4 0

Total of above 1320.0 92.0 - Total of above 1315.0 91.3 -

World 1435.0 100.0 6 World 1435.0 100.0 6

a Secretariat estimate.

Note: Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat. Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks

in the series for a large number of economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Technical Notes. For annual data 1999-00, see Appendix Tables A7 and A8.

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Table I.8

Share of goods and commercial services in the total trade of selected regions and economies, 2000

(Billion dollars and percentage, based on balance of payments data)

Exports Imports

Value Share Value Share

Commercial CommercialTotal Goods services Total Goods services

World 7730 81.4 18.6 7720 81.4 18.6

North America 1369 77.2 22.8 1708 85.9 14.1 Canada 318 88.3 11.7 286 85.4 14.6 United States 1050 73.9 26.1 1422 86.0 14.0

Latin America 435 86.0 14.0 450 84.1 15.9 Argentina 31 85.6 14.4 32 73.6 26.4 Brazil 64 86.2 13.8 72 77.9 22.1 Chile 22 82.5 17.5 21 79.4 20.6 Colombia 16 87.5 12.5 14 77.4 22.6 Mexico 180 92.5 7.5 191 91.2 8.8 Venezuela 35 97.1 2.9 20 78.8 21.2

Western Europe 3055 78.8 21.2 2985 79.4 20.6 Austria 95 68.3 31.7 97 69.8 30.2 Belgium-Luxembourg 204 79.5 20.5 195 80.4 19.6 Denmark 71 71.1 28.9 62 70.3 29.7 Finland 52 88.4 11.6 40 79.6 20.4 France 377 78.5 21.5 356 82.7 17.3 Germany 630 87.3 12.7 626 78.9 21.1 Greece 16 35.1 64.9 27 81.2 18.8 Ireland 90 81.5 18.5 77 62.6 37.4 Italy 295 80.8 19.2 284 80.4 19.6 Netherlands 258 79.8 20.2 238 78.5 21.5 Norway 75 80.0 20.0 49 70.5 29.5 Portugal 33 74.9 25.1 45 85.8 14.2 Spain 168 68.5 31.5 179 82.7 17.3 Sweden 107 81.4 18.6 96 75.6 24.4 Switzerland 121 78.2 21.8 111 86.1 13.9 Turkey 50 61.9 38.1 61 87.6 12.4 United Kingdom 383 73.9 26.1 409 79.9 20.1

Africa 165 81.5 18.5 166 76.8 23.2 Egypt 17 42.2 57.8 23 68.2 31.8 Morocco 12 75.4 24.6 14 87.2 12.8 Nigeria 15 93.8 6.2 13 71.1 28.9 South Africa 36 86.4 13.6 33 83.3 16.7 Tunisia 8 69.3 30.7 9 88.4 11.6

Asia 2112 85.7 14.3 1949 81.3 18.7 Australia 82 78.3 21.7 86 79.6 20.4 China 279 89.2 10.8 251 85.7 14.3 Hong Kong, China a 245 82.8 17.2 237 89.0 11.0 India 61 71.4 28.6 75 73.4 26.6 Indonesia 67 92.8 7.2 52 72.3 27.7 Japan 528 87.1 12.9 458 74.8 25.2 Korea, Rep. of 205 85.8 14.2 193 82.7 17.3 Malaysia 112 87.9 12.1 94 82.4 17.6 New Zealand 18 76.1 23.9 17 74.3 25.7 Philippines 41 90.0 10.0 36 83.4 16.6 Singapore a 166 83.9 16.1 149 85.7 14.3 Taipei, Chinese 168 87.9 12.1 159 83.9 16.1 Thailand 81 84.1 15.9 71 79.2 20.8

Memorandum item:

European Union (15) 2780 79.2 20.8 2730 79.1 20.9

a Trade in goods includes significant re-exports or imports for re-exports.

Note: Trade in goods is derived from balance of payments statistics and does not correspond to the merchandise trade statistics given elsewhere in this report.

It is likely that for most economies trade in commercial services is understated. See the Technical Notes.

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Table I.9

Merchandise trade of selected regional integration arrangements, 2000


Share in totalValue exports/imports Annual percentage change

2000 1990 1995 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

APEC (21)

Total exports 2931 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 7 17 Intra-exports 2127 67.5 73.1 72.6 9 9 20 Extra-exports 804 32.5 26.9 27.4 6 1 10Total imports a 3171 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 10 21 Intra-imports 2159 65.4 71.7 68.1 9 11 15 Extra-imports 1013 34.6 28.3 31.9 8 8 36

EU (15)

Total exports 2251 100.0 I 100.0 100.0 4 0 2 Intra-exports 1392 64.9 I 63.1 61.8 4 1 0 Extra-exports 859 35.1 36.9 38.2 5 -1 7Total imports 2362 100.0 I 100.0 100.0 4 2 5 Intra-imports 1396 63.0 I 63.8 59.1 4 1 0 Extra-imports 966 37.0 36.2 40.9 5 3 13

NAFTA (3)

Total exports 1224 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 6 14 Intra-exports 686 42.6 46.1 56.0 11 12 18 Extra-exports 539 57.4 53.9 44.0 5 0 9Total imports b 1672 100.0 100.0 100.0 10 11 18 Intra-imports 674 34.4 37.7 40.3 11 12 18 Extra-imports 998 65.6 62.3 59.7 8 11 18

ASEAN (10)

Total exports 427 100.0 100.0 100.0 11 9 19 Intra-exports 101 20.1 25.5 23.7 13 10 28 Extra-exports 326 79.9 74.5 76.3 11 9 17Total imports 367 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 8 23 Intra-imports 90 16.2 18.9 24.5 13 9 31 Extra-imports 277 83.8 81.1 75.5 7 7 20

CEFTA (6)

Total exports 117 - 100.0 100.0 - 1 12 Intra-exports 13 - 14.6 11.5 - -7 9 Extra-exports 103 - 85.4 88.5 - 2 12Total imports 149 - 100.0 100.0 - -2 12 Intra-imports 14 - 11.3 9.5 - -4 12 Extra-imports 135 - 88.7 90.5 - -1 12

MERCOSUR (4)

Total exports 85 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 -9 14 Intra-exports 18 8.9 20.5 20.9 16 -26 17 Extra-exports 67 91.1 79.5 79.1 5 -3 13Total imports 89 100.0 100.0 100.0 12 -16 8 Intra-imports 18 14.5 18.1 20.1 16 -25 14 Extra-imports 71 85.5 81.9 79.9 11 -14 7

ANDEAN (5)

Total exports 58 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 11 33 Intra-exports 5 4.3 12.2 8.8 14 -28 32 Extra-exports 53 95.7 87.8 91.2 6 17 34Total imports c 40 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 -20 11 Intra-imports 6 7.7 12.9 13.9 15 -20 32 Extra-imports 34 92.3 87.1 86.1 8 -20 8

a Imports of Canada, Mexico, Peru, and Australia are valued f.o.b.

b Imports of Canada and Mexico are valued f.o.b.

c Imports of Peru and Venezuela are valued f.o.b.

Note: The figures are not fully adjusted for differences in the way members of the arrangements in this table record their merchandise trade.

27

II. Selected long-term trends

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Chart II.1

World merchandise trade and output by major product group, 1950-00

(Average annual percentage change in volume terms)

Trade Output

All merchandise

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990-001973-901963-731950-63


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990-001973-901963-731950-63

Mining products (including petroleum)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990-001973-901963-731950-63

Manufactures

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990-001973-901963-731950-63

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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990-001973-901950-73

Average Annual Change


Mining products

Manufactures

Chart II.2

World merchandise trade by major product group, 1950-00

Manufactures

Mining products


Log.scale Volume indices, 1950 = 100

100

1000

10000

1950 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000

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Table II.1

World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1950-00

(Index, 1990=100)

Value Volume

WorldExports Exports Production GDP

Agricultural Mining Agricultural MiningTotal a products products Manufactures Total a products products Manufactures Total Agriculture Mining Manufacturing

1950 2 7 2 1 9 26 18 5 18 37 29 13 19

1951 2 9 2 1 9 27 18 6 20 37 32 14 21

1952 2 7 3 1 10 27 22 6 21 38 32 15 21

1953 2 7 3 1 11 27 23 6 22 40 33 16 23

1954 3 8 3 2 11 27 25 7 22 40 33 16 23

1955 3 8 3 2 13 30 27 7 24 42 37 19 25

1956 3 8 4 2 13 31 29 8 25 44 39 20 26

1957 3 9 4 2 15 34 31 9 26 44 40 20 27

1958 3 8 4 2 14 35 29 9 26 47 39 20 27

1959 3 9 4 2 16 39 32 10 28 48 41 22 28

1960 4 10 4 3 18 41 39 11 30 49 45 24 30

1961 4 10 5 3 19 44 40 11 31 50 48 26 31

1962 4 10 5 3 20 44 42 12 34 52 51 28 33

1963 5 11 5 3 22 45 44 14 36 53 53 29 35

1964 5 11 6 4 25 48 48 16 39 55 57 32 37

1965 6 12 6 4 26 50 49 17 41 55 60 35 39

1966 6 12 7 5 29 52 52 19 44 57 63 38 41

1967 6 12 7 5 30 53 58 20 46 59 64 40 43

1968 7 13 8 6 33 56 65 23 49 61 69 43 45

1969 8 14 9 7 37 59 69 27 51 61 70 47 48

1970 9 15 10 8 41 61 77 29 54 63 76 49 50

1971 10 16 12 9 44 62 78 32 57 65 79 51 53

1972 12 20 13 11 47 66 83 35 59 65 81 55 56

1973 17 29 19 14 53 67 92 40 64 68 86 60 60

1974 25 35 44 19 56 64 90 43 66 69 88 62 61

1975 26 36 42 21 52 65 79 42 65 72 82 60 61

1976 29 40 49 23 58 70 85 47 69 73 89 65 65

1977 33 45 54 27 60 72 87 49 72 74 92 68 68

1978 39 51 56 32 63 77 92 52 75 77 93 71 70

1979 48 63 81 39 66 80 97 55 78 78 101 74 73

1980 59 71 115 45 68 86 91 58 78 78 99 75 73

1981 58 70 112 45 68 90 82 60 78 81 91 75 75

1982 54 65 100 43 66 88 77 59 77 84 85 74 76

1983 53 64 92 43 68 89 77 62 78 84 84 76 78

1984 57 67 91 47 73 91 80 69 83 88 87 81 82

1985 56 63 88 49 75 90 79 72 86 90 86 84 84

1986 62 70 67 59 78 89 86 75 88 92 89 87 87

1987 72 81 74 70 83 94 88 80 91 93 90 91 90

1988 82 92 75 82 89 96 93 87 95 94 95 96 94

1989 89 96 87 87 95 99 97 94 99 98 99 99 97

1990 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

1991 102 101 94 103 104 103 103 104 100 100 100 99 101

1992 108 108 93 112 109 109 107 109 100 103 100 99 102

1993 107 104 88 111 113 111 108 112 100 103 102 99 103

1994 121 119 91 128 124 120 114 126 103 106 104 102 105

1995 145 139 108 152 136 126 125 137 107 108 106 107 107

1996 152 143 127 159 143 131 132 146 111 113 109 110 110

1997 157 142 130 167 158 139 144 163 116 116 112 116 114

1998 155 136 104 170 166 139 151 172 118 117 114 119 117

1999 161 132 119 176 175 143 148 184 121 120 112 123 120

2000 181 135 169 194 196 154 149 210 127 122 116 130 125

a Includes unspecified products.

Note: World merchandise production differs from world GDP in that it excludes services and construction. For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.

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Table II.2

World merchandise trade by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000


1948 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2000

Exports

Value

World 58.0 84.0 157.0 579.0 1835.0 3641.0 6186.0

Share

World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

North America 27.3 24.2 19.3 16.9 15.4 16.8 17.1

Latin America 12.3 10.5 7.0 4.7 5.8 4.4 5.8

Mexico 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.4 1.4 2.7

Brazil 2.0 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.9

Argentina 2.8 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4

Western Europe 31.5 34.9 41.4 45.4 38.9 43.7 39.5

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS a 6.0 8.1 11.0 9.1 9.5 2.9 4.4

Africa 7.3 6.5 5.7 4.8 4.4 2.5 2.3

South Africa b 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.5

Middle East 2.0 2.7 3.2 4.1 6.8 3.4 4.2

Asia 13.6 13.1 12.4 14.9 19.1 26.3 26.7

Japan 0.4 1.5 3.5 6.4 8.0 10.0 7.7

China 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 2.5 4.0

India 2.2 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7

Australia and New Zealand 3.7 3.2 2.4 2.1 1.4 1.5 1.2

Six East Asian traders 3.0 2.7 2.4 3.4 5.8 9.7 10.5

Memorandum item:

GATT/WTO Members c 60.4 68.7 72.8 81.8 76.0 86.9 90.7

Imports

Value

World 66.0 84.0 163.0 589.0 1881.0 3752.0 6490.0

Share

World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

North America 19.8 19.7 15.5 16.7 17.8 19.8 23.2

Latin America 10.6 9.3 6.8 5.1 4.5 5.2 6.0

Mexico 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.8 2.8

Brazil 1.7 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.9

Argentina 2.4 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4

Western Europe 40.4 39.4 45.4 47.4 40.0 42.9 39.6

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS a 5.8 7.6 10.3 8.9 8.4 2.9 3.7

Africa 7.6 7.0 5.5 4.0 4.6 2.6 2.1

South Africa b 2.2 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5

Middle East 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.8 6.3 3.2 2.6

Asia 14.2 15.1 14.2 15.1 18.5 23.4 22.8

Japan 1.0 2.9 4.1 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.8

China 1.1 1.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 2.8 3.5

India 3.1 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8

Australia and New Zealand 2.6 2.4 2.3 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.3

Six East Asian traders 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.7 6.1 9.9 9.5

Memorandum item:

GATT/WTO Members c 52.9 66.0 74.2 89.1 83.9 91.0 92.0

a Figures are significantly affected by: (i) changes in the country composition of the region and major adjustment in trade conversion factors between 1983 and

1993; and (ii) the inclusion of the Baltic States and the CIS mutual trade between 1993 and 2000.

b Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union.

c Membership as of the year stated.Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2000 export and import shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments.

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Table II.3

Merchandise trade of North America by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000


Exports Imports a

1963 1973 1983 1993 2000 1963 1973 1983 1993 2000

Value

World 30.5 99.4 282.6 610.3 1058.1 23.2 93.6 335.3 743.4 1503.6

Share

World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Intra-North America 25.4 33.5 34.2 35.6 39.7 34.3 36.6 28.8 27.1 26.2

Inter-regional trade 64.0 62.4 62.2 64.2 60.3 65.7 63.4 69.9 71.3 73.8

Latin America 12.3 10.6 9.9 13.3 16.5 19.4 11.4 13.9 11.1 15.3

Mexico 2.7 3.1 3.3 6.9 10.7 2.5 2.6 5.3 5.9 9.9

Other Latin America 9.6 7.6 6.6 6.3 5.8 17.0 8.8 8.5 5.3 5.4

Western Europe 27.6 24.8 21.6 20.2 18.5 24.3 23.9 18.6 18.0 18.5

European Union (15) 24.6 22.8 19.7 18.0 16.8 22.0 22.1 17.0 16.4 16.8

Other Western Europe 3.0 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.6 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1.1 2.2 1.6 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.2

C./E. Europe 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4

Russian Fed. - - - 0.5 0.2 - - - 0.3 0.6

Africa 3.5 2.5 3.1 1.7 1.1 3.8 3.6 4.7 2.3 2.0

South Africa 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.3

Other Africa 2.4 1.7 2.3 1.3 0.8 2.6 3.1 4.0 2.0 1.7

Middle East 1.9 2.4 4.5 2.9 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.8

Asia 17.6 19.9 21.5 25.0 21.7 15.9 21.7 29.8 37.1 33.7

Japan 6.6 10.1 8.9 8.9 6.7 7.0 11.4 14.1 16.0 10.8

China 0.3 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.8 0.0 0.1 0.8 4.9 7.4

Six East Asian traders 2.4 4.3 7.1 10.8 10.0 2.4 6.1 10.5 12.6 11.3

Other Asia 8.3 4.5 4.2 3.7 3.2 6.5 4.0 4.5 3.7 4.1

Total merchandise 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agricultural products 29.0 27.6 21.3 14.1 10.0 29.2 16.6 10.1 7.4 5.5

Food 20.9 20.5 15.8 9.6 6.8 20.6 12.5 7.6 5.5 4.1

Raw materials 8.1 7.0 5.5 4.5 3.2 8.6 4.1 2.4 1.9 1.4

Mining products 12.2 10.9 11.5 7.1 7.2 20.4 16.3 23.4 11.1 12.4

Ores and other minerals 4.4 4.0 2.5 1.3 0.9 5.4 2.2 1.5 0.9 0.6

Fuels 4.2 4.2 7.1 4.1 4.7 10.7 11.0 19.4 8.8 10.2

Non-ferrous metals 3.6 2.8 1.9 1.7 1.6 4.3 3.0 2.5 1.4 1.7

Manufactures 53.2 57.8 62.9 72.8 78.0 47.4 64.9 63.6 78.0 78.1

Iron and steel 2.3 1.8 1.1 1.0 0.9 3.7 3.9 2.5 1.8 1.6

Chemicals 7.2 6.6 8.5 8.7 9.2 4.1 3.9 4.6 5.5 6.4

Other semi-manufactures 7.2 6.1 5.8 6.3 6.8 10.4 8.3 6.7 6.9 6.7

Machinery and transport equipment 29.1 37.1 40.1 46.2 49.6 17.4 36.1 36.3 45.2 46.5

Power generating machinery 0.5 0.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 0.1 0.2 0.8 1.4 1.5

Other non-electrical machinery 11.4 8.9 7.7 7.8 8.1 6.1 6.2 5.2 6.4 6.0

Office and telecom equipment 3.5 5.1 8.7 12.0 16.4 2.5 6.1 8.8 14.5 16.6

Electrical machinery and apparatus 2.9 3.1 2.6 3.9 4.7 1.6 2.6 2.6 4.3 4.7

Automotive products 6.0 13.4 11.9 13.2 12.1 5.6 18.2 16.4 16.1 14.6

Other transport equipment 4.9 6.2 6.9 7.0 5.9 1.6 2.9 2.5 2.5 3.0

Textiles 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 4.1 2.5 1.4 1.6 1.3

Clothing 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0 1.9 2.7 3.5 5.2 4.7

Other consumer goods 5.3 4.3 6.1 8.5 9.3 5.9 7.5 8.6 11.8 10.9

a Imports of Canada are valued f.o.b.

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Table II.4

Merchandise trade of Western Europe by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000


Exports Imports

1963 1973 1983 1993 2000 1963 1973 1983 1993 2000

Value

World 63.7 258.9 714.8 1591.1 2441.3 73.4 277.4 752.3 1608.0 2566.9

Share

World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Intra-Western Europe 64.1 69.2 65.2 68.6 67.7 56.1 64.3 61.8 68.2 64.6

European Union (15) 56.3 61.8 59.2 62.5 61.9 51.8 59.8 56.2 62.6 59.5


Inter-regional trade 35.2 29.7 33.5 29.6 31.3 43.8 34.7 37.6 31.1 34.3

North America 8.8 8.6 8.4 8.0 10.8 13.9 9.6 8.9 8.2 8.9

Latin America 4.5 3.3 2.2 2.4 2.2 6.2 3.6 3.5 2.0 1.9


C./E. Europe 2.4 3.0 1.7 2.4 3.9 2.4 2.5 1.9 1.8 3.3

Russian Fed. - - - 1.1 0.8 - - - 1.5 1.6

Africa 7.7 5.2 6.1 3.1 2.4 7.6 5.7 6.6 3.2 3.0

North Africa 2.5 1.8 3.1 1.5 1.2 2.5 2.0 3.4 1.6 1.5

Sub-Saharan Africa 5.2 3.4 3.0 1.6 1.2 5.1 3.7 3.2 1.6 1.5

South Africa 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6

Other Sub-Saharan Africa 3.6 2.3 2.2 1.1 0.7 4.1 3.0 2.5 1.1 0.9

Middle East 2.5 2.7 6.7 3.3 2.4 4.9 5.6 5.6 2.1 1.9

Asia 7.6 5.3 5.8 8.9 8.2 7.0 6.3 7.5 12.0 12.9

Japan 1.0 1.4 1.2 2.0 1.9 0.9 2.2 3.3 4.5 3.6

China 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.5 2.6

Australia and New Zealand 2.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 2.5 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.4


Other Asia 2.7 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.4 2.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.9



Food 12.4 11.7 10.5 10.2 8.0 22.1 16.4 11.8 10.7 8.1

Raw materials 5.8 3.8 2.5 1.7 1.4 10.6 6.3 3.7 2.4 2.0

Mining products 8.5 7.6 13.0 6.6 7.1 18.6 17.7 26.3 10.8 11.1


Fuels 4.3 3.6 9.6 4.2 4.6 11.5 11.2 21.7 7.5 7.8


Manufactures 71.8 75.8 71.7 77.8 80.3 46.6 58.9 56.0 72.5 75.7

Iron and steel 6.8 6.4 4.4 3.3 2.7 4.7 4.8 2.9 2.6 2.5

Chemicals 8.6 10.2 11.7 12.4 13.1 6.0 7.9 9.0 10.1 10.5









Textiles 6.1 5.1 3.5 3.1 2.4 4.3 4.2 3.0 2.9 2.1

Clothing 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.9 2.3 1.4 2.6 2.7 4.4 3.6


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Table II.5

Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993 and 2000


Exports Imports

1963 1973 1983 1993 2000 1963 1973 1983 1993 2000

Value

World 5.5 36.9 147.0 362.2 479.2 6.7 38.3 126.4 241.6 379.5

Share

World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

North America 30.2 28.7 32.0 31.1 31.6 35.6 29.5 23.1 26.5 21.4

Latin America 5.8 5.8 4.0 4.4 4.0 8.4 5.1 5.0 3.3 2.8

Western Europe 13.3 17.9 15.8 18.1 17.4 10.0 10.6 8.8 15.3 13.6

European Union (15) 11.6 15.2 14.5 16.6 16.4 8.9 9.3 7.4 13.6 12.3



C./E. Europe 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2

Russian Fed. - - - 0.4 0.1 - - - 1.1 1.2

Africa 6.3 4.1 3.6 2.0 1.0 3.9 4.5 2.6 1.6 1.3

South Africa 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.6 0.4 1.9 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.8

Other Africa 4.8 2.4 2.4 1.5 0.6 2.0 3.1 1.3 0.8 0.5

Middle East 3.2 4.1 10.7 3.4 2.1 11.2 12.5 26.5 11.3 13.0

Asia 34.9 31.6 31.0 40.0 43.3 28.2 34.5 32.6 40.3 46.4

China a 1.1 2.8 3.3 4.7 6.3 1.1 2.5 4.0 8.5 14.5


Australia and New Zealand 3.7 3.9 3.6 2.5 2.1 8.4 10.2 6.0 5.8 4.5

Other Asia 14.2 6.9 6.3 4.6 5.2 10.3 12.0 12.9 9.1 8.6



Food 5.9 2.4 1.0 0.6 0.5 20.8 18.9 13.6 17.3 12.8

Raw materials 3.0 1.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 23.7 17.1 7.2 7.2 3.6

Mining products 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 32.9 37.7 55.9 26.8 25.9


Fuels 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 18.0 21.8 46.7 20.4 20.4


Manufactures 90.0 93.7 95.7 95.5 93.8 22.6 25.8 21.4 46.2 56.0

Iron and steel 12.9 14.4 8.7 4.0 3.1 1.3 0.6 1.1 1.7 1.0

Chemicals 5.8 5.8 4.7 5.6 7.3 5.5 4.9 5.6 7.3 6.9









Textiles 16.8 6.6 3.6 1.9 1.5 0.6 3.0 1.2 1.6 1.3

Clothing 3.9 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.2 5.2 5.2


a Excludes significant shipments recorded as exports to Hong Kong, China with China as final destination.

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Table II.6

Merchandise exports of selected regions and economies to the least-developed countries, 1980, 1990, 1999 and 2000

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in Share inValue exports to LDCs total exports

1980 1990 1999 2000 1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000

North America

Total merchandise 2147 2142 2788 2550 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.7 0.4 0.2

Agricultural products 919 804 930 944 42.8 37.5 37.0 1.4 1.0 0.9

Mining products 76 36 28 45 3.5 1.7 1.8 0.2 0.1 0.1

Manufactures 1120 1161 1667 1402 52.2 54.2 55.0 0.6 0.3 0.2

Western Europe



Mining products 510 331 333 491 4.8 2.9 5.3 0.5 0.3 0.3

Manufactures 8150 8624 7044 6596 77.3 76.2 71.0 1.4 0.7 0.3

Australia and New Zealand



Mining products 3 45 38 41 1.2 11.2 9.2 0.0 0.3 0.2

Manufactures 93 97 156 158 33.1 24.1 35.3 2.1 1.1 0.8

China


Agricultural products … 149 169 183 … 20.6 5.6 … 1.5 1.1

Mining products … 21 35 54 … 2.9 1.6 … 0.3 0.4

Manufactures … 554 2340 3028 … 76.5 92.2 … 1.2 1.4

Japan



Mining products 25 5 17 12 1.4 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.2

Manufactures 1602 1697 1463 1403 89.3 97.3 94.1 1.3 0.6 0.3

Six East Asian traders



Mining products 179 534 1074 1353 12.9 18.3 17.3 1.5 2.7 3.4

Manufactures 877 1665 4668 5174 63.1 57.2 66.2 1.5 0.8 0.9

Total of above



Mining products … 972 1525 1995 … 5.1 8.0 … 0.5 0.6

Manufactures … 13799 17338 17761 … 71.7 71.4 … 0.6 0.4

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Table II.7

Merchandise imports of selected regions and economies from the least-developed countries, 1980, 1990, 1999 and 2000


Share in Share inValue imports from LDCs total imports

1980 1990 1999 2000 1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000

North America



Mining products 1321 3153 3002 4283 50.1 65.4 45.7 1.2 3.3 2.3

Manufactures 427 1183 3699 4530 16.2 24.6 48.4 0.3 0.2 0.4

Western Europe



Mining products 3282 4721 1323 2173 37.2 41.0 18.1 1.3 2.1 0.8

Manufactures 1567 3660 5925 6890 17.8 31.8 57.5 0.3 0.3 0.4

Australia and New Zealand



Mining products 11 30 57 49 12.2 34.9 30.3 0.2 0.8 0.7

Manufactures 37 27 78 77 40.4 31.4 46.9 0.2 0.1 0.1

China



Mining products … 47 1112 3650 … 14.9 91.1 … 1.6 10.8

Manufactures … 98 82 83 … 31.1 2.1 … 0.2 0.0

Japan



Mining products 608 651 238 448 44.3 51.5 36.2 0.7 0.8 0.5

Manufactures 124 55 119 200 9.0 4.4 16.2 0.5 0.1 0.1

Six East Asian traders



Mining products 112 381 2598 3325 20.1 25.3 68.2 0.4 0.9 3.4

Manufactures 97 461 405 455 17.4 30.5 9.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Total of above



Mining products … 8983 8330 13928 … 46.1 44.0 … 2.0 2.0

Manufactures … 5484 10308 12234 … 28.1 38.7 … 0.3 0.3

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III. Trade by region1. Overview

Exports

North America Latin America

Western Europe Africa

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS Middle East

Asia World

Imports

-25

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Chart III.1

Value of world merchandise trade by region, 1993-00

(Annual percentage change in value)

1998 1999

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Exports Imports

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30

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Western Europe C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS

Asia World

Chart III.2

The volume of world merchandise trade by selected region, 1993-00


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Table III.1

World merchandise exports by region, 2000


Value Share Annual percentage change

2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 6186 100.0 100.0 6 -1 4 12

North America 1058 15.4 17.1 7 -1 5 12

United States 781 11.6 12.6 7 -1 3 11

Latin America 359 4.3 5.8 9 -1 7 20

Mexico 166 1.2 2.7 15 6 16 22

Western Europe 2441 48.3 39.5 4 4 0 3

European Union (15) 2251 44.5 36.4 4 4 0 2

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 271 3.1 4.4 7 -4 0 26

Central and Eastern Europe 116 1.4 1.9 8 9 1 14

Russian Fed. 105 - 1.7 - -15 1 39

Africa 145 3.1 2.3 3 -16 10 27

South Africa 30 0.7 0.5 3 -9 1 12

Middle East 263 4.0 4.2 7 -21 28 46

Asia 1649 21.8 26.7 8 -6 7 18

Japan 479 8.5 7.7 5 -8 8 14

China 249 1.8 4.0 15 0 6 28

Six East Asian traders 649 7.9 10.5 9 -7 8 19

Memorandum item:

NAFTA (3) 1224 16.6 19.8 8 0 6 14

MERCOSUR (4) 85 1.4 1.4 6 -2 -9 14

ASEAN (10) 427 4.3 6.9 11 -7 9 19

Table III.2

World merchandise imports by region, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 6490 100.0 100.0 6 -1 4 13

North America 1504 18.4 23.2 9 5 11 17

United States 1258 14.8 19.4 9 5 12 19

Latin America 388 3.7 6.0 12 5 -3 16

Mexico 183 1.2 2.8 15 14 14 23

Western Europe 2567 48.7 39.6 4 6 1 5

European Union (15) 2362 44.7 36.4 4 6 2 5

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 242 3.3 3.7 5 -1 -12 13

Central and Eastern Europe 146 1.4 2.3 10 11 -1 13

Russian Fed. 46 - 0.7 - -19 -32 12

Africa 137 2.7 2.1 4 1 -3 7

South Africa 30 0.5 0.5 5 -9 -9 11

Middle East 171 2.8 2.6 6 -1 1 14

Asia 1481 20.3 22.8 8 -18 10 23

Japan 380 6.7 5.8 5 -17 11 22

China 225 1.5 3.5 15 -1 18 36

Six East Asian traders 615 8.0 9.5 8 -25 11 27

Memorandum item:

NAFTA (3) 1685 19.6 26.0 9 5 11 18

MERCOSUR (4) 89 0.8 1.4 12 -4 -16 8

ASEAN (10) 367 4.7 5.7 8 -25 8 23

Table III.3

Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2000


Destination C./E. Europe/

North Latin Western Baltic MiddleOrigin America America Europe States/CIS Africa East Asia World

Value

North America 421 174 195 6 12 20 229 1058

Latin America 220 62 45 3 3 3 21 359

Western Europe 263 55 1654 129 59 60 199 2441

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 12 6 147 72 3 7 20 271

Africa 26 4 72 1 11 2 25 145

Middle East 41 3 48 2 10 17 126 263

Asia 423 41 278 15 22 42 807 1649

World 1406 346 2438 229 120 150 1427 6186

Share of intra- and inter-regional trade flows in each region’s total merchandise exports

North America 39.8 16.5 18.5 0.6 1.1 1.9 21.6 100.0

Latin America 61.3 17.3 12.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 5.8 100.0

Western Europe 10.8 2.3 67.8 5.3 2.4 2.5 8.2 100.0

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 4.4 2.2 54.2 26.6 1.1 2.6 7.4 100.0

Africa 17.9 2.8 49.7 0.7 7.6 1.4 17.2 100.0

Middle East 15.6 1.1 18.3 0.8 3.8 6.5 47.9 100.0

Asia 25.7 2.5 16.9 0.9 1.3 2.5 48.9 100.0

World 22.7 5.6 39.4 3.7 1.9 2.4 23.1 100.0

Share of intra- and inter-regional trade flows in world merchandise exports

North America 6.8 2.8 3.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 3.7 17.1

Latin America 3.6 1.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 5.8

Western Europe 4.3 0.9 26.7 2.1 1.0 1.0 3.2 39.5

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 0.2 0.1 2.4 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 4.4

Africa 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 2.3

Middle East 0.7 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.3 2.0 4.3

Asia 6.8 0.7 4.5 0.2 0.4 0.7 13.0 26.7

World 22.7 5.6 39.4 3.7 1.9 2.4 23.1 100.0

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Exports Imports

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Western Europe Africa

Asia World

Chart III.3

World trade in commercial services by selected region, 1993-00

(Annual percentage change in value)

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Table III.4

World exports of commercial services by selected region, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 1435 100.0 100.0 6 1 2 6

North America 312 19.3 21.7 8 2 5 10

United States 275 17.0 19.1 8 2 4 10

Latin America 61 3.8 4.2 7 8 0 12

Mexico 14 0.9 0.9 7 6 -3 17

Brazil 9 0.5 0.6 9 29 -3 29

Western Europe 646 53.0 45.0 5 7 0 0

European Union (15) 577 47.1 40.2 5 7 1 0

United Kingdom 100 6.8 7.0 7 8 3 -3

France 81 8.5 5.7 2 5 -3 0

Germany 80 6.6 5.6 4 2 0 1

Italy 57 6.2 4.0 2 0 -9 -6

Africa 31 2.4 2.1 5 -1 10 1

Egypt 10 0.6 0.7 7 -14 18 4

South Africa 5 0.4 0.3 4 -1 -4 1

Asia 303 16.8 21.1 9 -13 4 12

Japan 68 5.3 4.8 5 -9 -2 13

Hong Kong, China 42 2.3 2.9 9 -6 2 13

China 30 0.7 2.1 18 -3 10 15

Korea, Rep. of 29 1.2 2.0 12 -2 4 13

Singapore 27 1.6 1.9 8 -37 25 13

Taipei, Chinese 20 0.9 1.4 11 -2 3 18

Table III.5

World imports of commercial services by selected region, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 1435 100.0 100.0 6 2 2 6

North America 241 15.3 16.8 7 8 4 13

United States 199 12.0 13.8 7 10 4 13

Latin America 72 4.2 5.0 8 4 -5 13

Mexico 17 1.2 1.2 5 7 11 19

Brazil 16 0.8 1.1 9 9 -15 19

Western Europe 615 47.9 42.8 5 9 1 1

European Union (15) 571 42.7 39.7 5 9 1 1

Germany 132 9.7 9.2 5 4 3 0

United Kingdom 82 5.5 5.7 6 11 6 -1

France 62 6.2 4.3 2 6 -6 -2

Italy 56 5.7 3.9 2 7 -9 -3

Africa 39 3.3 2.7 4 0 -3 9

Egypt 7 0.4 0.5 8 1 1 20

South Africa 5 0.5 0.4 3 -7 1 0

Asia 365 21.8 25.4 7 -11 6 8

Japan 116 10.3 8.1 3 -9 3 1

China 36 0.5 2.5 24 -5 17 16

Korea, Rep. of 33 1.2 2.3 13 -17 11 25

Hong Kong, China 26 1.3 1.8 9 1 8 3

Taipei, Chinese 26 1.7 1.8 6 -4 0 10

Singapore 21 1.0 1.5 9 -9 8 13

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Table III.6

Commercial services exports of selected economies by selected partners, 1999

(Percentage)

World United States EU (15) Japan Other economies

World 100 13 18 8 60

United States 100 - 33 12 55

European Union (15) 100 35 - 6 58

Japan 100 31 18 - 50

Other economies 100 8 20 9 64

Note: Excluding intra-EU trade.

Table III.7

Commercial services imports of selected economies by selected partners, 1999

(Percentage)

World United States EU (15) Japan Other economies

World 100 19 19 4 57

United States 100 - 36 9 55

European Union (15) 100 39 - 3 58

Japan 100 33 18 - 49

Other 100 15 22 5 59

Note: Excluding intra-EU trade.

Note: Excluding intra-EU trade

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

UnitedStates

EuropeanUnion (15)

Japan UnitedStates

EuropeanUnion (15)

Japan

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Exports

European Union (15)

United States

Japan

Other

Imports

Chart III.4

Distribution of trade in commercial services of selected economies, 1999

(Billion dollars)

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Table III.8

Merchandise trade of North America, 2000


Exports Imports

Value 1058 1504

Share in world merchandise trade 17.1 23.2

Annual percentage change

Value

1980-85 1 6

1985-90 11 8

1990-00 7 9

1998 -1 5

1999 5 11

2000 12 17

Volume

1980-85 -0.5 7.0

1985-90 8.5 5.0

1990-00 7.0 8.5

1998 3.5 10.5

1999 6.0 11.5

2000 10.0 11.5

Table III.9

Merchandise trade of North America by regionand by major product group, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share

Exports Imports Exports Imports

Total 1058 1504 100.0 100.0

Region

North America 421 394 39.7 26.2

Latin America 174 229 16.5 15.3

Western Europe 195 279 18.5 18.5

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 6 18 0.6 1.2

Africa 12 31 1.1 2.0

Middle East 20 42 1.9 2.8

Asia 229 506 21.7 33.7

Product group

Agricultural products 106 82 10.0 5.5

Mining products 76 187 7.2 12.4

Manufactures 825 1174 78.0 78.1

2. North America

Chart III.5Merchandise trade of North America,1990-00(Billion dollars)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

Chart III.6

Share of North America in world merchandise trade, 1990-00(Percentage based on value data)

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Table III.10

Merchandise exports of North America by product, 2000


Share in exports Share inValue of North America world exports Annual percentage change

2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Total merchandise exports 1058.1 100.0 100.0 15.4 17.1 7 -1 5 12

Agricultural products 105.8 15.7 10.0 19.7 19.0 3 -9 -2 6

Food 71.7 10.2 6.8 16.9 16.2 3 -8 -3 3

Raw materials 34.1 5.4 3.2 28.7 29.4 2 -13 1 12

Mining products 76.0 9.1 7.2 9.8 9.4 5 -15 2 42

Ores and other minerals 9.9 2.2 0.9 22.2 16.0 -2 -16 -6 15

Fuels 49.7 4.8 4.7 7.0 7.9 7 -20 10 63

Non-ferrous metals 16.4 2.1 1.6 14.7 13.7 4 -6 -6 15

Manufactures 824.9 69.7 78.0 15.2 17.8 9 2 6 11

Iron and steel 9.5 1.1 0.9 5.2 6.6 6 -1 -8 13

Chemicals 97.0 8.8 9.2 15.6 16.9 8 -2 5 13

Other semi-manufactures 72.0 6.1 6.8 12.1 16.0 8 2 7 11

Machinery and transport equipment 524.4 44.0 49.6 18.9 20.4 9 2 7 10

Automotive products 128.4 11.7 12.1 19.1 22.5 8 1 13 3

Office and telecom equipment 173.9 11.0 16.4 19.2 18.5 12 -4 11 23

Other machinery and transport equipment 222.1 21.4 21.0 18.7 21.1 7 7 0 6

Textiles 13.1 1.1 1.2 5.5 8.3 9 1 4 13

Clothing 10.7 0.6 1.0 2.7 5.4 14 4 -3 5

Other consumer goods 98.2 8.0 9.3 13.9 18.1 9 3 6 16

Table III.11

Merchandise imports of North America by product, 2000


Share in imports Share inValue of North America world imports Annual percentage change

2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Total merchandise imports 1503.6 100.0 100.0 18.7 23.2 9 5 11 17

Agricultural products 82.3 7.7 5.5 11.1 13.6 5 1 5 2

Food 61.6 5.9 4.1 11.0 12.8 5 3 5 2

Raw materials 20.7 1.9 1.4 11.2 16.5 6 -4 6 1

Mining products 186.9 15.0 12.4 18.9 21.7 7 -18 19 62

Ores and other minerals 8.4 1.2 0.6 13.2 12.0 1 -3 -6 2

Fuels 152.9 12.0 10.2 20.3 22.9 7 -24 25 76

Non-ferrous metals 25.6 1.8 1.7 16.0 20.7 8 5 6 27

Manufactures 1174.4 73.9 78.1 19.2 24.3 10 8 11 14

Iron and steel 23.8 2.0 1.6 11.5 15.2 6 18 -19 15

Chemicals 96.4 5.0 6.4 10.3 16.1 12 8 12 16




Office and telecom equipment 250.1 11.6 16.6 24.6 25.8 13 3 13 23


Textiles 19.9 1.4 1.3 8.4 11.9 8 7 5 8

Clothing 70.4 4.6 4.7 26.2 33.5 9 11 5 13


Table III.12

Merchandise exports of North America by destination, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 1058.1 100.0 100.0 7 -1 5 12

Intra-North America 420.6 34.2 39.7 9 3 11 13

Asia 229.1 25.5 21.7 6 -15 4 15

Japan 70.9 10.7 6.7 2 -13 0 11

Korea, Rep. of 29.3 3.0 2.8 6 -35 37 21

China 18.7 1.2 1.8 12 10 -6 24

Hong Kong, China 15.5 1.4 1.5 8 -16 -3 16

Western Europe 195.3 24.0 18.5 5 5 4 7

European Union (15) 178.0 21.9 16.8 5 6 4 6

Latin America 174.1 10.7 16.5 12 6 0 19

Mexico 112.7 5.5 10.7 15 11 10 28

Brazil 16.0 1.1 1.5 11 -6 -13 15

Middle East 20.4 2.4 1.9 5 9 -9 -9

Africa 12.0 1.7 1.1 3 -3 -12 8

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 6.4 1.0 0.6 2 -4 -24 4

Inter-regional trade 637.2 65.3 60.2 6 -3 1 12

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Table III.13

Merchandise imports of North America by origin, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 1503.6 100.0 100.0 9 5 11 17

Asia 506.0 34.8 33.7 9 5 10 15

Japan 163.1 16.1 10.8 5 1 8 12

China 111.3 2.8 7.4 20 15 17 18

Taipei, Chinese 45.2 4.0 3.0 6 2 8 13

Korea, Rep. of 45.1 3.3 3.0 8 5 29 29

Singapore 20.7 1.7 1.4 7 -8 0 7

Hong Kong, China 12.8 1.7 0.9 2 2 1 8

Intra-North America 394.5 26.6 26.2 9 4 10 13

Western Europe 278.6 20.5 18.5 8 10 11 14

European Union (15) 253.0 18.6 16.8 8 11 11 13

Latin America 229.4 11.2 15.3 12 4 15 25

Mexico 148.5 5.1 9.9 16 10 16 26

Brazil 15.3 1.5 1.0 5 4 11 20

Middle East 42.1 3.3 2.8 5 -7 31 52

Africa 30.5 2.8 2.0 5 -18 5 57

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 17.9 0.4 1.2 20 27 5 35

Inter-regional trade 1104.6 73.1 73.5 9 6 12 19

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Table III.14

Gross domestic product and trade in goods and services of Canada and the United States, 2000


Value Annual percentage change in volume

2000 1990-00 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Gross domestic product

North America 10585 3.2 2.7 3.4 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.2

Canada 689 2.7 2.8 1.5 4.4 3.3 4.5 4.7

United States 9896 3.2 2.7 3.6 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.1

Exports of goods and services

North America 1420 7.3 10.0 7.7 11.6 3.6 4.3 9.1

Canada 323 8.6 9.0 5.9 8.8 8.9 10.0 9.6

United States 1097 6.9 10.3 8.2 12.3 2.3 2.9 9.0

Imports of goods and services

North America 1755 9.0 7.8 8.1 14.0 10.7 10.4 13.2

Canada 287 7.9 6.2 5.8 15.1 6.1 9.4 12.0

United States 1468 9.3 8.2 8.6 13.7 11.9 10.7 13.5

Table III.15

Merchandise exports and imports of Canada and the United States, 2000



Value Value Volume

2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exports

North America 1058 7 -1 5 12 7.0 3.5 6.0 10.0

Canada 277 8 0 11 16 9.0 8.0 10.5 11.0

United States 781 7 -1 3 11 6.5 2.5 4.5 9.5

Imports

North America 1504 9 5 11 17 8.5 10.5 11.5 11.5

Canada 245 7 3 7 11 9.0 4.5 11.0 13.0

United States 1258 9 5 12 19 8.5 11.5 11.5 11.5

Table III.16

Merchandise trade of Canada by region and economy, 2000


Exports Imports a

Destination Annual Origin Annualpercentage percentage

Value Share change Value Share change

2000 1990 2000 1999 2000 2000 1990 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 276.64 100.0 100.0 11 16 World 240.09 100.0 100.0 7 11

North America 241.63 75.1 87.3 13 18 North America 154.52 64.6 64.4 5 7

Asia 14.73 10.9 5.3 -1 14 Asia 34.74 14.4 14.5 9 18

Western Europe 13.86 9.8 5.0 17 -4 Western Europe 29.07 14.5 12.1 13 17

Latin America 4.22 1.8 1.5 -12 10 Latin America 12.43 3.4 5.2 14 24

Middle East 1.20 0.7 0.4 16 15 Africa 1.86 0.8 0.8 1 35

Africa 1.05 0.8 0.4 -24 -3 Middle East 1.71 0.7 0.7 10 110 C./E. Europe/ C./E. Europe/

Baltic States/CIS 0.43 0.8 0.2 -29 4 Baltic States/CIS 1.22 0.4 0.5 -9 29

Economy Economy

United States 241.59 75.0 87.3 13 18 United States 154.50 64.6 64.4 5 7

European Union (15) 12.72 8.5 4.6 22 -5 European Union (15) 24.83 12.7 10.3 15 13

Japan 6.06 5.5 2.2 -3 7 Japan 11.18 7.0 4.7 7 10

China 2.50 1.1 0.9 6 40 Mexico 8.14 1.3 3.4 24 27

Korea, Rep. of 1.50 1.1 0.5 9 13 China 7.59 1.0 3.2 16 26

Above 5 264.38 91.3 95.6 13 16 Above 5 206.24 86.6 85.9 7 9

Mexico 1.37 0.4 0.5 12 25 Korea, Rep. of 3.47 1.7 1.4 8 44

Hong Kong, China 0.88 0.5 0.3 -19 20 Taipei, Chinese 3.35 1.6 1.4 14 8

Australia 0.80 0.6 0.3 -1 23 Norway 2.94 1.2 1.2 1 71

Taipei, Chinese 0.77 0.5 0.3 -3 0 Malaysia 1.67 0.3 0.7 3 21

Brazil 0.72 0.3 0.3 -25 3 Thailand 1.13 0.3 0.5 18 11

Norway 0.51 0.4 0.2 -14 3 Australia 1.04 0.6 0.4 -5 28

Indonesia 0.48 0.2 0.2 0 29 Brazil 1.01 0.6 0.4 -2 10

Iran, Islamic Rep. of 0.44 0.2 0.2 104 21 Hong Kong, China 0.98 0.8 0.4 4 11

Venezuela 0.43 0.2 0.2 -26 21 Venezuela 0.95 0.4 0.4 20 39

Switzerland 0.34 0.7 0.1 -48 5 Switzerland 0.95 0.5 0.4 12 11

Algeria 0.33 0.2 0.1 -12 3 Philippines 0.95 0.1 0.4 9 34

India 0.33 0.2 0.1 7 18 Singapore 0.94 0.4 0.4 6 12

Chile 0.30 0.1 0.1 7 23 Algeria 0.84 0.0 0.3 18 91

Malaysia 0.27 0.2 0.1 -9 -3 India 0.83 0.2 0.3 13 21

Philippines 0.26 0.1 0.1 14 32 Saudi Arabia 0.62 0.5 0.3 9 113

Thailand 0.25 0.3 0.1 0 23 Indonesia 0.60 0.1 0.2 -6 3

Singapore 0.25 0.3 0.1 -13 0 Iraq 0.46 0.1 0.2 100 319

Cuba 0.22 0.1 0.1 -16 -17 Russian Fed. 0.45 … 0.2 -17 10

Saudi Arabia 0.22 0.2 0.1 -7 9 Israel 0.40 0.1 0.2 6 35

Israel 0.21 0.1 0.1 28 5 Chile 0.37 0.1 0.2 17 32

Colombia 0.21 0.1 0.1 -46 19 New Zealand 0.35 0.2 0.1 -3 40

Turkey 0.18 0.1 0.1 -5 21 South Africa 0.34 0.1 0.1 8 -19

South Africa 0.16 0.1 0.1 -23 -7 Nigeria 0.31 0.4 0.1 0 54

Argentina 0.16 0.0 0.1 -39 13 Cuba 0.28 0.1 0.1 -8 33

Morocco 0.16 0.2 0.1 -8 35 Argentina 0.24 0.1 0.1 17 17

Above 30 274.63 97.8 99.3 - - Above 30 231.70 97.0 96.5 - -

a Imports are valued f.o.b.

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Table III.17

Merchandise trade of the United States by region and economy, 2000


Exports Imports



2000 1990 2000 1999 2000 2000 1990 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 781.8 100.0 100.0 2 13 World 1257.6 100.0 100.0 12 19

Asia 214.6 30.3 27.4 3 17 Asia 469.3 39.5 37.3 11 15

Western Europe 181.4 28.7 23.2 2 9 Western Europe 248.5 21.9 19.8 11 13


Latin America 170.0 13.7 21.7 0 20 Latin America 216.0 13.0 17.2 15 25

Middle East 19.2 2.9 2.5 -11 -9 Middle East 40.3 3.9 3.2 32 50

Africa 11.0 2.0 1.4 -11 11 Africa 28.5 3.3 2.3 6 59 C./E. Europe/ C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS 5.9 1.1 0.8 -24 5 Baltic States/CIS 16.6 0.5 1.3 7 36

Economies Economies

Canada 178.9 21.1 22.9 6 9 Canada 238.3 18.1 19.0 13 18

European Union (15) 165.2 26.3 21.1 1 9 European Union (15) 227.2 20.0 18.1 10 13

Mexico 111.3 7.2 14.2 10 28 Japan 151.3 18.1 12.0 8 12

Japan 64.9 12.4 8.3 -1 13 Mexico 140.4 5.9 11.2 16 26

Korea, Rep. of 27.8 3.7 3.6 39 21 China 103.3 3.1 8.2 17 18

Above 5 548.2 70.7 70.1 6 13 Above 5 860.4 65.3 68.4 12 17

Taipei, Chinese 24.4 2.9 3.1 5 28 Taipei, Chinese 41.8 4.6 3.3 7 14

Singapore 17.8 2.0 2.3 4 10 Korea, Rep. of 41.6 3.7 3.3 31 28

China 16.2 1.2 2.1 -8 23 Malaysia 26.4 1.1 2.1 13 20

Brazil 15.3 1.3 2.0 -13 16 Singapore 19.8 2.0 1.6 -1 7

Hong Kong, China 14.6 1.7 1.9 -2 15 Venezuela 19.2 1.9 1.5 19 61

Australia 12.5 2.2 1.6 -1 6 Thailand 16.9 1.1 1.3 8 12

Malaysia 10.9 0.9 1.4 1 20 Saudi Arabia 14.8 2.1 1.2 24 67

Switzerland 10.0 1.3 1.3 15 19 Philippines 14.4 0.7 1.1 4 12

Philippines 8.8 0.6 1.1 7 22 Brazil 14.3 1.7 1.1 12 20

Israel 7.7 0.8 1.0 10 1 Israel 13.4 0.7 1.1 14 33

Thailand 6.6 0.8 0.8 -5 33 Hong Kong, China 11.8 1.9 0.9 1 7

Saudi Arabia 6.2 1.0 0.8 -25 -21 India 11.0 0.7 0.9 11 15

Venezuela 5.5 0.8 0.7 -18 3 Nigeria 10.9 1.2 0.9 2 135

Argentina 4.7 0.3 0.6 -16 -5 Switzerland 10.8 1.1 0.9 10 7

Dominican Republic 4.5 0.4 0.6 3 9 Indonesia 10.7 0.7 0.9 3 4

Turkey 3.7 0.6 0.5 -9 16 Russian Fed. 7.9 - 0.6 0 31

Colombia 3.7 0.5 0.5 -27 4 Colombia 7.2 0.7 0.6 34 9

India 3.7 0.6 0.5 5 -1 Australia 6.6 0.9 0.5 -2 19

Chile 3.5 0.4 0.4 -23 12 Iraq 6.3 0.6 0.5 232 39

Egypt 3.3 0.6 0.4 -1 10 Norway 5.9 0.4 0.5 40 39

South Africa 3.1 0.5 0.4 -24 9 Dominican Republic 4.5 0.4 0.4 -4 3

Honduras 2.6 0.1 0.3 2 9 South Africa 4.3 0.4 0.3 4 23

Costa Rica 2.5 0.3 0.3 3 3 Angola 3.7 0.4 0.3 5 43

Indonesia 2.4 0.5 0.3 -15 24 Costa Rica 3.7 0.2 0.3 42 -12

United Arab Emirates 2.3 0.3 0.3 14 -16 Chile 3.4 0.3 0.3 17 3

Above 30 744.7 93.3 95.3 - - Above 30 1191.8 94.6 94.8 - -

Table III.18

Merchandise exports of NAFTA countries by destination, 1990-00


Destination United All otherOrigin States Canada Mexico NAFTA (3) countries World

Value

United States 1990 - 83.0 28.3 111.3 282.3 393.6

1995 - 126.0 46.3 172.3 412.4 584.7

1998 - 154.2 79.0 233.1 449.0 682.1

1999 - 163.9 87.0 250.9 451.2 702.1

2000 - 178.9 111.3 290.2 490.9 781.1

Canada 1990 95.2 - 0.5 95.7 31.9 127.6

1995 152.8 - 0.8 153.6 38.6 192.2

1998 181.9 - 1.0 182.8 31.5 214.3

1999 205.0 - 1.1 206.1 32.3 238.4

2000 241.6 - 1.4 243.0 33.6 276.6

Mexico 1990 32.3 0.2 - 32.6 8.2 40.7

1995 66.6 2.0 - 68.5 11.0 79.5

1998 101.9 1.7 - 103.6 13.9 117.5

1999 120.5 2.4 - 122.9 13.5 136.4

2000 149.0 3.4 - 152.4 14.0 166.4

NAFTA (3) 1990 127.6 83.2 28.9 239.6 322.3 561.9

1995 219.4 128.0 47.1 394.5 462.0 856.5

1998 283.8 155.9 80.0 519.6 494.3 1013.9

1999 325.5 166.3 88.1 579.9 497.0 1076.9

2000 390.6 182.3 112.7 685.6 538.5 1224.1

Share

United States 1990 - 14.8 5.0 19.8 50.2 70.0

2000 - 14.6 9.1 23.7 40.1 63.8

Canada 1990 16.9 - 0.1 17.0 5.7 22.7

2000 19.7 - 0.1 19.9 2.7 22.6

Mexico 1990 5.8 0.0 - 5.8 1.5 7.2

2000 12.2 0.3 - 12.4 1.1 13.6

NAFTA (3) 1990 22.7 14.8 5.1 42.6 57.4 100.0

2000 31.9 14.9 9.2 56.0 44.0 100.0


United States 1990-00 - 8 15 10 6 7

1999 - 6 10 8 0 3

2000 - 9 28 16 9 11

Canada 1990-00 10 - 10 10 1 8

1999 13 - 12 13 3 11

2000 18 - 27 18 4 16

Mexico 1990-00 17 31 - 17 6 15

1999 18 40 - 19 -3 16

2000 24 42 - 24 4 22

NAFTA (3) 1990-00 12 8 15 11 5 8

1999 15 7 10 12 1 6

2000 20 10 28 18 8 14

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Table III.19

Trade in commercial services of Canada, 2000


Exports Imports


2000 1995 2000 2000 1995 2000

Total commercial services 37.2 100.0 100.0 41.9 100.0 100.0

Transportation 7.2 20.7 19.3 9.3 24.1 22.2

Sea transport 1.5 5.7 4.1 3.3 9.0 8.0

Air transport 3.2 8.3 8.7 4.1 10.2 9.8

Other transport 2.5 6.6 6.6 1.8 4.8 4.4

Travel 10.6 31.1 28.5 12.1 31.1 29.0

Other commercial services 19.4 48.2 52.1 20.4 44.8 48.8

Communication services 1.3 5.0 3.5 1.3 3.9 3.0

Construction services 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.3

Insurance services 2.7 8.9 7.2 3.5 8.4 8.4

Financial services 1.2 2.5 3.3 1.7 2.9 4.0

Computer and information services 1.2 4.0 3.2 0.9 1.5 2.2

Royalties and licence fees 1.4 1.5 3.8 2.9 5.7 6.9

Other business services 10.3 23.0 27.6 8.7 18.8 20.7

Personal, cultural, and recreational services 1.1 2.9 3.1 1.4 3.0 3.4

Table III.20

Trade in commercial services of the United States, 2000


Exports Imports


2000 1995 2000 2000 1995 2000


Transportation 51.2 22.7 18.6 64.6 32.3 32.5

Sea transport 5.1 2.8 1.9 20.0 9.2 10.0

Air transport 26.7 11.2 9.7 28.3 13.5 14.2

Other transport 19.4 8.6 7.1 16.4 9.6 8.2

Travel 100.5 37.7 36.6 67.3 35.7 33.9


Communication services a 4.1 1.8 1.5 6.5 6.0 3.2

Construction services a 4.3 1.3 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.3

Insurance services a 2.7 0.7 1.0 6.6 4.1 3.3

Financial services a 17.9 3.5 6.5 5.1 1.9 2.5

Computer and information services a 4.3 1.2 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.3




a Excludes transactions between affiliates, which are recorded under "Other business services".

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Table III.21

Merchandise trade of Latin America, 2000


Exports Imports

Value 359 388



Value

1980-85 0 -7

1985-90 6 10

1990-00 9 12

1998 -1 5

1999 7 -3

2000 20 16

Volume

1980-85 5.5 -6.5

1985-90 5.0 6.0

1990-00 9.0 10.5

1998 8.0 9.0

1999 7.0 -1.5

2000 9.5 11.0

Table III.22

Merchandise trade of Latin America by regionand by major product group, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share

Exports Exports Imports

Total 359 100.0 100.0

Region

North America 220 61.4 50.3

Latin America 62 17.2 17.8

Western Europe 45 12.5 15.9

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 3 0.8 1.8

Africa 3 0.9 1.3

Middle East 3 0.8 0.9

Asia 21 6.0 12.0

Product group

Agricultural products 66 18.4 9.0

Mining products 73 20.5 11.4

Manufactures 217 60.5 76.9

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat’s network of world

merchandise trade by product and region.

Chart III.7

Merchandise trade of Latin America,1990-00(Billion dollars)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

Chart III.8

Share of Latin America in world merchandise trade, 1990-00(Percentage based on value data)

3. Latin America

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Table III.23

Merchandise exports of Latin America by product, 2000


Share in exports Share inValue of Latin America world exports Annual percentage change

2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000



Food 57.9 24.0 16.1 11.2 13.1 5 -3 -9 7

Raw materials 8.1 3.0 2.3 4.4 7.0 6 -10 3 18

Mining products 73.4 33.3 20.5 10.1 9.0 4 -23 21 28


Fuels 51.4 22.7 14.3 9.3 8.1 4 -30 34 31

Non-ferrous metals 11.6 5.4 3.2 10.9 9.7 4 -16 1 23

Manufactures 217.2 38.0 60.5 2.3 4.7 15 10 8 22

Iron and steel 8.5 4.2 2.4 5.8 6.0 3 -8 -16 21

Chemicals 17.1 4.7 4.8 2.3 3.0 9 0 -1 19




Office and telecom equipment 38.5 3.7 10.7 1.8 4.1 22 24 27 26


Textiles 4.9 1.5 1.4 2.2 3.1 8 -2 0 16

Clothing 22.6 2.4 6.3 3.3 11.4 20 28 10 22


Table III.24

Merchandise exports of Latin America by destination, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 358.7 100.0 100.0 9 -1 7 20

North America 220.1 45.4 61.4 13 4 17 23

Intra-Latin America 61.6 14.0 17.2 12 -4 -12 23

Western Europe 45.0 21.2 12.5 4 0 0 10

European Union (15) 41.6 20.2 11.6 3 0 0 8

Asia 21.4 9.5 6.0 4 -24 2 16

Japan 7.9 5.1 2.2 1 -26 7 13

China 3.9 0.8 1.1 13 -22 -22 79

Other 9.5 3.7 2.7 6 -24 7 3

Africa 3.2 1.4 0.9 4 -2 -16 8

Middle East 2.8 1.6 0.8 2 -3 -17 2

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 2.7 4.5 0.8 -9 -8 -7 1


Table III.25

Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Latin America, 2000



2000 1980 1990 1995 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

Latin America 358.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 9 -1 7 20

Mexico 166.4 16.4 27.7 34.7 46.4 15 6 16 22

maquiladoras 79.4 2.3 9.4 13.6 22.1 19 18 20 24

Brazil 55.1 18.3 21.4 20.3 15.4 6 -4 -6 15

Venezuela 31.8 17.5 11.9 8.0 8.9 6 -20 17 58

Argentina 26.3 7.3 8.4 9.1 7.3 8 0 -12 13

Chile 18.2 4.3 5.7 7.0 5.1 8 -11 5 16

Colombia 13.0 3.6 4.6 4.4 3.6 7 -6 7 13

Peru 7.0 3.6 2.2 2.4 2.0 8 -16 6 15

Costa Rica 5.9 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.6 15 29 19 -11

Dominican Republic 5.7 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 10 8 3 11

Ecuador 4.8 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.4 6 -20 6 9

Trinidad and Tobago 4.6 3.7 1.4 1.1 1.3 8 -12 24 64

El Salvador 2.9 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.8 18 1 2 17

Guatemala 2.7 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.7 9 10 -7 11

Uruguay 2.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.6 3 2 -19 3

Cuba 1.6 5.1 3.5 0.7 0.5 -11 -15 -5 12

Importers

Latin America 388.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12 5 -3 16

Mexico 182.6 17.9 33.4 29.8 47.0 15 14 14 23

maquiladoras 61.7 1.4 7.9 10.3 15.9 20 17 18 22

Brazil 58.5 20.2 17.3 21.1 15.1 10 -7 -15 13

Argentina 25.1 8.5 3.1 7.9 6.5 20 3 -19 -1

Chile 18.1 4.7 5.9 6.3 4.7 9 -4 -19 19

Venezuela 16.1 9.6 5.6 5.0 4.1 8 8 -11 14

Colombia 11.5 3.8 4.3 5.4 3.0 8 -5 -27 8

Dominican Republic 9.8 1.6 2.3 2.0 2.5 13 15 6 22

Peru 8.8 2.0 2.7 3.6 2.3 10 -4 -18 9

Costa Rica 6.4 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 12 27 1 1

Cuba 4.9 5.3 3.5 1.1 1.3 1 5 3 14

El Salvador 4.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 14 6 3 20

Guatemala 4.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 11 21 -6 9

Uruguay 3.5 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 10 2 -12 3

Ecuador 3.5 1.8 1.4 1.6 0.9 6 13 -46 15

Panama 3.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 8 2 14 -4

Memorandum item:

ANDEAN (5)

Exports 57.9 27.8 21.2 17.3 16.1 6 -16 11 33 Imports 41.6 17.8 14.5 16.2 10.7 8 2 -22 11

MERCOSUR (4) Exports 84.5 26.9 31.6 30.7 23.6 6 -2 -9 14 Imports 89.3 30.6 22.5 31.4 23.0 12 -4 -16 8

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Table III.26

Merchandise exports of MERCOSUR countries by region, 1990-00


Destination MERCOSUR (4) All other regions World

Origin Total Latin America Other regions

Value

Argentina 1990 1833 10520 1577 8943 123531995 6780 14187 3119 11068 209671999 7071 16262 3263 12999 233332000 8352 17946 … … 26298

Brazil 1990 1320 30094 2399 27695 314141995 6154 40352 4624 35728 465061999 6778 41233 4686 36547 480112000 7762 47324 6114 41210 55086

Paraguay 1990 379 580 123 457 9591995 528 391 73 318 9191999 307 434 51 383 7412000 553 299 121 178 852

Uruguay 1990 595 1098 94 1004 16931995 995 1111 130 981 21061999 1007 1230 190 1040 22372000 1023 1272 … … 2295

MERCOSUR (4) 1990 4127 42292 4193 38099 464191995 14457 56041 7946 48095 704981999 15163 59159 8190 50969 743222000 17690 66841 … … 84531

Share

Argentina 1990 3.9 22.7 3.4 19.3 26.62000 9.9 21.2 … … 31.1

Brazil 1990 2.8 64.8 5.2 59.7 67.72000 9.2 56.0 7.2 48.8 65.2

Paraguay 1990 0.8 1.2 0.3 1.0 2.12000 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.2 1.0

Uruguay 1990 1.3 2.4 0.2 2.2 3.62000 1.2 1.5 … … 2.7

MERCOSUR (4) 1990 8.9 91.1 9.0 82.1 100.02000 20.9 79.1 … … 100.0


Argentina 1990-00 16 5 … … 81999 -25 -4 -16 -1 -122000 18 10 … … 13

Brazil 1990-00 19 5 10 4 61999 -24 -2 -14 -1 -62000 15 15 30 13 15

Paraguay 1990-00 4 -6 0 -9 -11999 -42 -10 -44 -2 -272000 80 -31 137 -54 15

Uruguay 1990-00 6 1 … … 31999 -34 0 -3 0 -192000 2 3 … … 3

MERCOSUR (4) 1990-00 16 5 … … 61999 -26 -3 -15 -1 -92000 17 13 … … 14

Table III.27

Merchandise imports of MERCOSUR countries by region, 1990-00


Origin MERCOSUR (4) All other regions World

Destination Total Latin America Other regions

Value

Argentina 1990 833 3243 516 2727 40761995 4603 15519 1286 14233 201221999 6299 19209 1464 17745 255082000 7197 17952 … … 25149

Brazil 1990 2443 20081 1551 18530 225241995 7280 46503 4046 42457 537831999 7044 44631 3047 41584 516752000 8127 50405 4293 46112 58532

Paraguay 1990 405 947 64 883 13521995 1237 1907 126 1781 31441999 957 949 40 909 19062000 1132 1061 96 965 2193

Uruguay 1990 560 783 137 646 13431995 1321 1546 176 1370 28671999 1461 1896 254 1642 33572000 1517 1949 … … 3466

MERCOSUR (4) 1990 4241 25054 2268 22786 292951995 14441 65475 5634 59841 799161999 15761 66685 4805 61880 824462000 17973 71367 … … 89340

Share

Argentina 1990 2.8 11.1 1.8 9.3 13.92000 8.1 20.1 … … 28.1

Brazil 1990 8.3 68.5 5.3 63.3 76.92000 9.1 56.4 4.8 51.6 65.5

Paraguay 1990 1.4 3.2 0.2 3.0 4.62000 1.3 1.2 0.1 1.1 2.5

Uruguay 1990 1.9 2.7 0.5 2.2 4.62000 1.7 2.2 … … 3.9

MERCOSUR (4) 1990 14.5 85.5 7.7 77.8 100.02000 20.1 79.9 … … 100.0


Argentina 1990-00 24 19 … … 201999 -21 -18 -13 -19 -192000 14 -7 … … -1

Brazil 1990-00 13 10 11 10 101999 -29 -12 -8 -12 -152000 15 13 41 11 13

Paraguay 1990-00 11 1 4 1 51999 -35 -34 -27 -34 -342000 18 12 140 6 15

Uruguay 1990-00 10 10 … … 101999 -11 -12 45 -17 -122000 4 3 … … 3

MERCOSUR (4) 1990-00 16 11 … … 121999 -25 -14 -8 -15 -162000 14 7 … … 8

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Table III.28

Merchandise exports of ANDEAN countries by region, 1990-00


Destination ANDEAN (5) All other regions World

Origin Total Latin America Other regions

Value

Bolivia 1990 60 866 357 509 9261995 222 878 213 665 11001999 219 832 312 520 10512000 253 961 … … 1214

Colombia 1990 373 6393 802 5591 67661995 1939 8186 1064 7122 101251999 1635 9941 1278 8663 115762000 2171 10869 1681 9188 13040

Ecuador 1990 189 2525 587 1938 27141995 359 3948 612 3336 43071999 445 4006 … … 44512000 662 4184 862 3322 4846

Peru 1990 214 3016 283 2733 32301995 405 5170 548 4622 55751999 346 5767 632 5135 61132000 446 6556 … … 7002

Venezuela 1990 489 17008 2278 14730 174971995 1887 16570 4714 11856 184571999 1221 18969 5678 13291 201902000 1586 30216 … … 31802

ANDEAN (5) 1990 1325 29808 4307 25501 311331995 4812 34752 7151 27601 395641999 3866 39515 … … 433812000 5119 52785 … … 57904

Share

Bolivia 1990 0.2 2.8 1.1 1.6 3.02000 0.4 1.7 … … 2.1

Colombia 1990 1.2 20.5 2.6 18.0 21.72000 3.7 18.8 2.9 15.9 22.5

Ecuador 1990 0.6 8.1 1.9 6.2 8.72000 1.1 7.2 1.5 5.7 8.4

Peru 1990 0.7 9.7 0.9 8.8 10.42000 0.8 11.3 … … 12.1

Venezuela 1990 1.6 54.6 7.3 47.3 56.22000 2.7 52.2 … … 54.9

ANDEAN (5) 1990 4.3 95.7 13.8 81.9 100.02000 8.8 91.2 … … 100.0


Bolivia 1990-00 15 1 … … 31999 -18 -1 -3 1 -52000 16 16 … … 16

Colombia 1990-00 19 5 8 5 71999 -23 14 13 14 72000 33 9 32 6 13

Ecuador 1990-00 13 5 4 6 61999 -19 10 … … 62000 49 4 … … 9

Peru 1990-00 8 8 … … 81999 -27 9 12 9 62000 29 14 … … 15

Venezuela 1990-00 12 6 … … 61999 -38 25 49 16 172000 30 59 … … 58

ANDEAN (5) 1990-00 14 6 … … 61999 -28 17 … … 112000 32 34 … … 33

Table III.29

Merchandise imports of ANDEAN countries by region, 1990-00


Origin ANDEAN (5) All other regions World

Destination Total Latin America Other regions

Value

Bolivia 1990 30 657 301 356 6871995 111 1313 431 882 14241999 154 1601 687 914 17552000 157 1603 … … 1760

Colombia 1990 474 5116 732 4384 55901995 1845 12008 1604 10404 138531999 1440 9219 1380 7839 106592000 1613 9926 1609 8317 11539

Ecuador 1990 119 1742 302 1440 18611995 705 3447 661 2786 41521999 610 2407 526 1881 30172000 840 2625 680 1945 3465

Peru a 1990 515 2385 440 1945 29001995 1190 6394 1439 4955 75841999 1032 5791 1175 4616 68232000 1478 5959 … … 7437

Venezuela a 1990 213 6388 697 5691 66011995 1017 9774 1638 8136 107911999 940 12614 1935 10679 135542000 1412 14040 … … 15452

ANDEAN (5) 1990 1351 16288 2472 13816 176391995 4868 32936 5773 27163 378041999 4176 31632 5703 25929 358082000 5500 34153 … … 39653

Share

Bolivia 1990 0.2 3.7 1.7 2.0 3.92000 0.4 4.0 … … 4.4

Colombia 1990 2.7 29.0 4.1 24.9 31.72000 4.1 25.0 4.1 21.0 29.1

Ecuador 1990 0.7 9.9 1.7 8.2 10.62000 2.1 6.6 1.7 4.9 8.7

Peru 1990 2.9 13.5 2.5 11.0 16.42000 3.7 15.0 … … 18.8

Venezuela 1990 1.2 36.2 4.0 32.3 37.42000 3.6 35.4 … … 39.0

ANDEAN (5) 1990 7.7 92.3 14.0 78.3 100.02000 13.9 86.1 … … 100.0


Bolivia 1990-00 18 9 … … 101999 -10 -12 -1 -18 -112000 2 0 … … 0

Colombia 1990-00 13 7 8 7 81999 -24 -28 -32 -27 -272000 12 8 17 6 8

Ecuador 1990-00 22 4 8 3 61999 -37 -48 -46 -48 -462000 38 9 29 3 15

Peru 1990-00 11 10 … … 101999 -13 -18 -21 -17 -172000 43 3 … … 9

Venezuela 1990-00 21 8 … … 91999 -2 -5 -14 -3 -52000 50 11 … … 14

ANDEAN (5) 1990-00 15 8 … … 81999 -20 -20 -23 -19 -202000 32 8 … … 11


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Table III.30

Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Latin America, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

Latin America 60.7 100.0 100.0 7 8 0 12

Mexico 13.6 24.3 22.3 7 6 -3 17

Brazil 8.8 12.5 14.6 9 29 -3 29

Argentina 4.4 7.6 7.3 7 7 -4 2

Chile 3.8 6.0 6.3 8 0 -8 4

Dominican Republic 3.1 3.7 5.2 11 2 14 14

Cuba a 3.1 2.1 5.2 18 … … …

Bahamas 2.0 4.9 3.3 3 -4 18 12

Jamaica 2.0 3.3 3.3 7 4 4 9

Colombia 2.0 5.2 3.2 2 -10 -4 9

Netherlands Antilles a 1.8 3.8 3.0 5 2 … …

Panama 1.7 3.1 2.9 7 11 1 8

Costa Rica a 1.7 2.0 2.7 11 19 13 …

Peru 1.5 2.4 2.4 7 15 -12 0

Uruguay 1.3 1.5 2.2 11 -7 -6 7

Barbados a 1.1 2.1 1.8 6 7 0 …

Importers

Latin America 71.6 100.0 100.0 8 4 -5 13

Mexico 16.8 29.0 23.4 5 7 11 19

Brazil 15.9 19.4 22.2 9 9 -15 19

Argentina 8.6 8.3 12.0 12 4 -6 3

Chile 4.3 5.7 6.1 8 4 -3 10

Venezuela 4.3 6.9 6.0 6 -8 -28 21

Colombia 3.2 4.9 4.5 7 -7 -8 5

Peru 2.2 3.1 3.1 8 3 -7 3

Ecuador 1.3 2.2 1.9 6 5 -16 7

Dominican Republic 1.3 1.3 1.9 12 12 -6 9

Jamaica 1.3 1.9 1.8 7 5 1 4

Costa Rica a 1.3 1.6 1.8 9 13 6 …

Panama 1.0 1.9 1.4 4 -11 -5 -4

Netherlands Antilles a 1.0 1.5 1.4 7 15 … …

Bahamas 0.9 1.5 1.3 6 19 -4 2

El Salvador 0.9 0.9 1.2 12 18 6 16

a Includes Secretariat estimates.

Table III.31

Merchandise trade of Western Europe, 2000


Exports Imports

Value 2441 2567



Value 1980-85 -1 -3

1985-90 16 16

1990-00 4 4

1998 4 6

1999 0 1

2000 3 5

Volume 1980-85 4.0 2.0

1985-90 4.5 7.0

1990-00 6.5 6.0

1998 6.5 8.0

1999 4.5 5.5

2000 10.5 10.0

Table III.32

Merchandise trade of Western Europe by regionand by major product group, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share

Exports Imports Exports Imports

Total 2441 2567 100.0 100.0

Region

North America 263 228 10.8 8.9

Latin America 55 49 2.2 1.9

Western Europe 1654 1657 67.7 64.6

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 129 144 5.3 5.6

Africa 59 77 2.4 3.0

Middle East 60 48 2.4 1.9

Asia 199 332 8.2 12.9

Product group

Agricultural products 230 259 9.4 10.1

Mining products 172 284 7.1 11.1

Manufactures 1959 1942 80.3 75.7

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

2800

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

Chart III.9

Merchandise trade of Western Europe,1990-00(Billion dollars)

30

35

40

45

50

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

Chart III.10

Share of Western Europe in world merchandise trade, 1990-00(Percentage based on value data)

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4. Western Europe

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Table III.33

Merchandise exports of Western Europe by product, 2000


Share in exports Share in

Value of Western Europe world exports Annual percentage change

2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Total merchandise exports 2441 100.0 100.0 48.3 39.5 4 4 0 3

Agricultural products 230 11.4 9.4 45.2 41.2 2 1 -3 -3

Food 196 9.4 8.0 48.7 44.4 3 2 -2 -4

Raw materials 34 2.1 1.4 34.4 28.9 0 -2 -8 4

Mining products 172 7.2 7.1 24.5 21.2 4 -15 8 30

Ores and other minerals 16 0.9 0.6 26.9 25.5 1 -12 -1 8

Fuels 112 4.3 4.6 19.7 17.7 5 -22 15 40

Non-ferrous metals 45 2.1 1.8 46.2 37.3 3 -1 -2 17

Manufactures 1959 79.1 80.3 54.2 42.3 4 4 0 2

Iron and steel 66 3.9 2.7 61.0 46.1 0 3 -13 7

Chemicals 321 11.8 13.1 65.1 55.9 5 6 3 2

Other semi-manufactures 219 10.0 9.0 61.8 48.7 3 2 0 1

Machinery and transport equipment 1004 37.2 41.1 50.2 39.1 5 6 1 3

Automotive products 271 10.6 11.1 54.4 47.4 5 8 0 1

Office and telecom equipment 260 5.8 10.6 32.0 27.7 11 8 7 12

Other machinery and transport equipment 473 20.8 19.4 57.1 44.9 3 4 -1 1

Textiles 60 3.4 2.4 53.2 37.8 1 1 -8 -5

Clothing 57 2.9 2.3 43.6 28.8 2 -4 -4 -4

Other consumer goods 233 10.0 9.5 54.5 43.0 4 2 3 0

Table III.34

Merchandise imports of Western Europe by product, 2000


Share in imports Share inValue of Western Europe world imports Annual percentage change

2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Total merchandise imports 2567 100.0 100.0 48.7 39.6 4 6 1 5

Agricultural products 259 13.1 10.1 50.3 42.7 2 3 -3 -3

Food 208 10.0 8.1 50.3 43.4 2 4 -2 -5

Raw materials 50 3.1 2.0 50.3 40.3 0 -1 -10 8

Mining products 284 13.0 11.1 43.8 33.0 3 -15 5 39

Ores and other minerals 30 1.7 1.2 50.5 43.3 0 -4 -7 7

Fuels 201 8.9 7.8 40.6 30.1 3 -22 11 53

Non-ferrous metals 53 2.4 2.1 55.0 42.8 3 2 -6 18

Manufactures 1942 72.2 75.7 50.3 40.2 5 8 2 2

Iron and steel 63 3.3 2.5 49.8 40.3 1 11 -15 9

Chemicals 271 10.0 10.5 55.7 45.3 5 9 0 2

Other semi-manufactures 207 9.0 8.1 55.6 43.1 3 5 1 1

Machinery and transport equipment 1009 33.6 39.3 46.8 38.1 6 11 4 3

Automotive products 252 9.5 9.8 50.1 42.8 5 13 3 -3

Office and telecom equipment 336 8.0 13.1 45.2 34.6 9 10 8 11

Other machinery and transport equipment 422 16.2 16.4 45.9 38.7 4 10 3 2

Textiles 55 3.2 2.1 50.1 32.8 0 3 -10 -5

Clothing 92 3.6 3.6 55.3 43.7 4 -1 0 -1

Other consumer goods 246 9.4 9.6 52.2 42.7 4 6 4 1

Table III.35

Merchandise exports of Western Europe by destination, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 2441 100.0 100.0 4 4 0 3

Intra-Western Europe 1654 71.4 67.7 4 6 1 1 European Union (15) 1512 65.1 61.9 4 6 1 1

North America 263 7.8 10.8 7 9 11 13 United States 239 6.9 9.8 8 11 11 13

Asia 199 7.3 8.2 5 -19 3 12 Japan 46 2.1 1.9 3 -13 10 9 China 29 0.5 1.2 14 3 22 20 Australia and New Zealand 17 0.8 0.7 4 -5 4 -2 Other 107 4.0 4.4 5 -27 -3 13

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 129 3.8 5.3 8 3 -11 10 Central and Eastern Europe 94 1.7 3.9 13 13 -2 8 Russian Fed. 19 - 0.8 - -21 -35 18 Baltic States 7 - 0.3 - 13 -18 11

Middle East 60 2.8 2.4 3 -4 -7 4

Africa 59 3.3 2.4 1 7 -7 0 South Africa 11 0.5 0.5 3 5 -14 6 Other Africa 48 3.0 2.0 0 7 -5 -2

Latin America 55 1.8 2.2 6 7 -12 3

Inter-regional trade 765 26.8 31.3 6 -2 0 10

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Table III.36

Merchandise imports of Western Europe by origin, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 2567 100.0 100.0 4 6 1 5

Intra-Western Europe 1657 69.0 64.6 4 6 1 1 European Union (15) 1526 63.2 59.5 4 6 1 0

Asia 332 10.0 12.9 7 9 3 11 Japan 93 4.3 3.6 2 9 3 3 China 65 0.8 2.6 16 12 12 22 Australia and New Zealand 11 0.5 0.4 2 7 -12 7 Other 163 4.3 6.3 8 8 2 11

North America 228 8.2 8.9 5 6 1 9 United States 209 7.3 8.1 5 5 2 9

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 144 3.6 5.6 9 6 6 22 Central and Eastern Europe 84 1.6 3.3 12 20 7 10 Russian Fed. 42 - 1.6 - -20 4 46 Baltic States 9 - 0.3 - 21 0 28

Africa 77 3.9 3.0 2 -8 0 25 South Africa 15 0.6 0.6 4 6 6 15 Other Africa 62 3.3 2.4 1 -11 -2 28

Latin America 49 2.3 1.9 2 1 -2 9

Middle East 48 2.3 1.9 2 -10 7 35

Inter-regional trade 879 30.3 34.3 6 5 3 14

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Table III.37

Gross domestic product and trade in goods and services in Western Europe, 2000


Value Annual percentage change in volume

Exports of goods Imports of goodsGDP GDP and services and services

2000 1990-00 1999 2000 1990-00 1999 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

Western Europe a 8448 2.0 2.4 3.4 6.4 4.1 11.5 5.8 6.1 10.5

Germany 1873 1.9 1.6 3.0 6.0 5.1 13.2 5.9 8.1 10.2

France 1294 1.8 3.2 3.1 6.6 4.0 13.6 5.4 4.0 14.7

United Kingdom 1415 2.2 2.3 3.1 5.7 4.0 8.4 6.0 8.1 9.6

Italy 1074 1.6 1.6 2.9 5.7 0.0 10.2 4.7 5.1 8.3

Spain 559 2.6 4.0 4.1 10.1 6.6 10.8 9.0 11.9 10.4

Netherlands 365 2.9 3.9 3.9 5.8 5.6 9.1 5.5 6.3 9.1

Switzerland 241 0.9 1.5 3.4 3.7 5.9 9.5 4.0 5.5 8.6

Belgium 227 2.1 2.7 4.0 4.9 5.2 11.8 4.7 4.5 11.4

Sweden 227 1.7 4.1 3.6 7.4 5.9 9.8 5.3 4.3 9.7

Turkey 200 3.6 -4.7 7.2 10.8 -7.0 19.3 10.2 -3.7 25.4

Austria 190 2.2 2.8 3.2 5.7 7.6 9.8 5.8 7.1 9.2

Denmark 162 2.3 2.1 2.9 4.3 9.7 9.8 5.2 2.2 10.2

Norway 162 3.3 0.9 2.3 4.8 1.7 2.8 4.2 -3.1 1.2

Finland 122 2.2 4.2 5.7 9.3 7.1 17.7 4.9 4.3 12.8

Greece 112 2.3 3.4 4.1 6.2 6.5 12.3 5.7 3.9 8.7

Portugal 105 2.6 2.8 3.3 5.4 2.5 7.0 7.3 7.0 6.5

Ireland 94 7.1 9.8 11.0 14.7 12.4 20.0 13.0 8.7 18.5

Memorandum item:

European Union (15) 7837 2.0 2.6 3.3 6.4 4.3 11.6 5.8 6.5 10.6

a Excludes the former Yugoslavia.

Table III.38

Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Western Europe, 2000



Value Share Value Volume

2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

Western Europe 2441.3 100.0 100.0 4 4 0 3 6.5 6.5 4.5 10.5

Germany 551.5 25.7 22.6 3 6 0 1 6.0 8.0 4.5 12.5

France 298.1 13.2 12.2 3 6 -1 -1 6.5 6.5 4.0 12.5

United Kingdom 284.1 11.3 11.6 4 -3 -1 6 5.5 1.5 3.5 9.5

Italy 237.8 10.4 9.7 3 2 -4 1 5.5 3.0 0.5 10.5

Netherlands 212.5 8.0 8.7 5 4 0 6 7.0 9.5 5.0 9.0

Belgium 186.1 - 7.6 - - - 4 - - 5.1 9.0

Spain 113.7 3.4 4.7 7 5 1 3 11.0 6.5 6.5 12.5

Sweden 86.9 3.5 3.6 4 2 0 2 7.0 7.0 5.0 10.5

Switzerland 81.5 3.9 3.3 2 4 2 2 4.0 4.5 4.0 10.5

Ireland 79.9 1.5 3.3 13 20 11 12 15.0 24.5 16.5 21.0

Austria 63.9 2.5 2.6 4 7 3 -1 7.5 8.5 6.0 11.5

Norway 60.0 2.1 2.5 6 -17 13 32 7.0 0.5 3.0 6.0

Denmark 49.6 2.3 2.0 3 -1 3 0 5.5 2.0 5.5 6.5

Finland 45.6 1.6 1.9 6 5 -3 9 8.0 9.0 3.5 11.5

Turkey 26.6 0.8 1.1 7 3 -1 0 8.5 6.0 6.5 11.0

Importers

Western Europe 2566.9 100.0 100.0 4 6 1 5 6.0 8.0 5.5 10.0

Germany 502.8 20.9 19.6 4 6 1 6 6.0 9.0 6.5 12.5

United Kingdom 337.0 13.1 13.1 4 2 2 5 6.0 9.5 7.5 10.0

France 305.4 13.8 11.9 3 7 1 4 6.0 8.5 4.0 13.5

Italy 236.5 10.7 9.2 3 4 1 7 5.0 9.0 7.0 8.5

Netherlands 198.0 7.4 7.7 5 5 2 4 6.0 9.0 4.0 5.0

Belgium 173.0 - 6.7 - - - 5 - - 3.3 7.5

Spain 153.5 5.2 6.0 6 8 9 6 9.5 13.0 14.0 8.5

Switzerland 83.6 4.1 3.3 2 5 0 5 4.0 8.0 8.0 7.0

Sweden 72.8 3.2 2.8 3 5 0 6 6.0 10.0 3.0 12.0

Austria 68.6 2.9 2.7 3 5 2 -2 8.0 14.0 10.5 1.0

Turkey 53.5 1.3 2.1 9 -5 -11 31 10.0 -5.0 1.0 32.5

Ireland 50.9 1.2 2.0 9 14 6 8 10.5 18.0 8.0 13.5

Denmark 44.3 2.0 1.7 3 4 -3 -1 5.5 3.5 1.5 5.5

Portugal 38.2 1.5 1.5 4 10 4 -4 6.0 14.0 8.0 1.0

Norway 34.4 1.6 1.3 2 5 -9 1 5.0 10.5 -3.5 8.5

Memorandum item:

European Union (15)

Exports 2251.2 92.2 92.2 4 4 0 2 6.5 6.5 5.0 10.5

Imports 2362.0 91.6 92.0 4 6 2 5 6.0 8.5 6.0 9.5

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Table III.39

Merchandise trade of the European Union by region and economy, 2000


Exports Imports

Destination Annual percentage Origin Annual percentageValue Share change Value Share change

2000 1990 2000 1999 2000 2000 1990 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 2251.2 100.0 100.0 0 2 World 2362.0 100.0 100.0 2 5


North America 239.0 7.8 10.6 11 13 Asia 311.2 10.1 13.2 5 10

Asia 182.8 7.2 8.1 3 12 North America 212.0 8.2 9.0 2 9

C./E. Europe/ C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS 121.6 3.7 5.4 -10 10 Baltic States/CIS 126.6 3.4 5.4 6 19

Africa 55.8 3.4 2.5 -7 0 Africa 72.5 4.0 3.1 0 24

Middle East 53.8 2.7 2.4 -8 5 Latin America 46.1 2.3 2.0 -1 9

Latin America 51.6 1.8 2.3 -12 3 Middle East 44.1 2.2 1.9 8 35

Economies Economies

European Union (15) 1392.3 64.9 61.8 1 0 European Union (15) 1396.4 63.0 59.1 1 0

United States 204.9 6.9 9.1 5 11 United States 184.3 7.3 7.8 -2 8

Switzerland 61.9 3.7 2.7 0 -1 Japan 86.7 4.3 3.7 4 3

Japan 41.2 2.0 1.8 9 9 China 61.2 0.8 2.6 13 22

Poland 30.6 0.4 1.4 -3 2 Switzerland 51.0 3.0 2.2 -3 -3

Above 5 1730.9 78.0 76.9 2 1 Above 5 1779.5 78.5 75.3 1 1

China 27.8 0.5 1.2 21 21 Norway 40.2 1.7 1.7 0 34

Turkey 25.9 0.7 1.1 -14 28 Russian Fed. 33.0 - 1.4 2 44

Norway 22.9 1.2 1.0 -12 -5 Taipei, Chinese 24.9 0.8 1.1 4 12

Czech Rep. 21.5 - 1.0 1 13 Korea, Rep. of 23.2 0.6 1.0 12 16

Hungary 19.9 0.3 0.9 -1 9 Poland 21.7 0.5 0.9 3 15

Hong Kong, China 18.3 0.6 0.8 -15 13 Hungary 20.1 0.3 0.8 13 7

Russian Fed. 17.8 - 0.8 -34 18 Czech Rep. 19.7 - 0.8 8 12

Canada 17.3 0.9 0.8 2 6 Hong Kong, China 18.9 0.7 0.8 7 10

Brazil 14.2 0.3 0.6 -15 -1 Canada 17.3 0.8 0.7 -1 18

Korea, Rep. of 14.1 0.5 0.6 20 29 Turkey 16.5 0.5 0.7 6 3

Israel 13.9 0.5 0.6 8 8 Brazil 15.8 0.8 0.7 -6 10

Australia 13.7 0.6 0.6 0 -3 Singapore 15.7 0.4 0.7 -2 7

Singapore 12.9 0.5 0.6 2 6 Malaysia 14.6 0.3 0.6 -2 15

Taipei, Chinese 12.5 0.4 0.6 -8 6 South Africa 14.1 0.6 0.6 7 14

Mexico 12.1 0.3 0.5 7 11 Thailand 12.5 0.3 0.5 5 11

India 11.3 0.5 0.5 4 9 Saudi Arabia 11.8 0.7 0.5 -6 47

South Africa 10.7 0.5 0.5 -14 6 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 11.8 0.7 0.5 17 60

United Arab Emirates 10.4 0.3 0.5 1 6 India 11.8 0.4 0.5 -3 9

Saudi Arabia 10.2 0.7 0.5 -24 1 Algeria 10.7 0.6 0.5 -16 68

Romania 8.7 0.1 0.4 -5 32 Indonesia 10.4 0.2 0.4 -4 7

Malaysia 7.7 0.2 0.3 7 23 Israel 9.4 0.3 0.4 5 12

Slovenia 7.4 - 0.3 -4 3 Australia 7.4 0.4 0.3 -11 7

Egypt 7.3 0.4 0.3 -1 -9 Romania 7.1 0.1 0.3 6 14

Morocco 7.1 0.3 0.3 1 8 Slovak Rep. 6.6 - 0.3 6 2

Tunisia 6.9 0.3 0.3 -2 12 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 6.4 0.5 0.3 7 31

Above 30 2083.6 - 92.6 - - Above 30 2181.0 - 92.3 - -

Table III.40

Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Western Europe, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

Western Europe 646.4 100.0 100.0 5 7 0 0

United Kingdom 99.9 12.8 15.5 7 8 3 -3

France 81.2 16.0 12.6 2 5 -3 0

Germany 80.0 12.4 12.4 4 2 0 1

Italy 56.7 11.7 8.8 2 0 -9 -6

Spain 53.0 6.7 8.2 7 12 8 0

Netherlands 52.3 6.9 8.1 6 3 5 -1

Belgium-Luxembourg 42.0 6.0 6.5 5 8 10 4

Austria 30.0 5.5 4.6 3 0 6 -3

Switzerland 26.4 4.4 4.1 4 5 2 0

Denmark 20.6 3.1 3.2 5 8 11 22

Sweden 20.0 3.2 3.1 4 1 11 2

Turkey 19.2 1.9 3.0 9 21 -30 19

Ireland 16.6 0.8 2.6 18 … -7 8

Norway 15.0 3.0 2.3 2 -5 1 8

Greece a 10.2 1.6 1.6 5 9 1 …

Importers

Western Europe 614.6 100.0 100.0 5 9 1 1

Germany 132.3 20.2 21.5 5 4 3 0

United Kingdom 82.1 11.4 13.4 6 11 6 -1

France 61.5 12.9 10.0 2 6 -6 -2

Italy 55.7 11.9 9.1 2 7 -9 -3

Netherlands 51.1 7.4 8.3 6 6 4 2


Spain 30.8 3.9 5.0 7 13 11 2

Austria 29.1 3.6 4.7 8 -4 7 -1

Ireland 28.7 1.3 4.7 19 … -10 8

Sweden 23.4 4.3 3.8 3 11 4 4

Denmark 18.3 2.6 3.0 6 15 -4 21

Switzerland 15.5 2.8 2.5 3 7 5 -1

Norway 14.5 3.1 2.4 2 -4 3 -1

Finland 8.2 1.9 1.3 1 -5 2 5

Turkey 7.6 0.7 1.2 11 17 -10 -10

Memorandum item:

European Union (15)

Exports 576.8 88.9 89.2 5 7 1 0

Imports 571.1 89.2 92.9 5 9 1 1


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Table III.41

Trade in commercial services of France, 2000


Exports Imports


2000 1995 2000 2000 1995 2000


Transportation 19.4 24.6 23.9 19.5 32.9 31.8

Sea transport 3.8 4.5 4.7 5.0 7.4 8.1

Air transport 9.1 10.7 11.2 8.8 14.5 14.2

Other transport 6.5 9.5 8.0 5.8 10.9 9.4

Travel 30.9 33.2 38.1 17.9 25.4 29.1




Insurance services 1.3 2.2 1.6 -0.3 2.4 -0.5






Table III.42

Trade in commercial services of Germany, 2000


Exports Imports


2000 1995 2000 2000 1995 2000


Transportation 19.4 26.0 24.3 25.0 19.6 18.9

Sea transport 7.6 8.2 9.5 8.9 6.1 6.7

Air transport 8.3 12.6 10.4 6.5 6.5 4.9

Other transport 3.5 5.2 4.4 9.6 7.0 7.3

Travel 17.6 23.8 22.0 47.1 41.6 35.6










Table III.43

Trade in commercial services of Italy, 2000


Exports Imports


2000 1995 2000 2000 1995 2000


Transportation 8.9 17.7 15.6 13.7 24.5 24.6

Sea transport 4.1 7.5 7.3 6.9 11.9 12.4

Air transport 3.0 6.1 5.3 4.2 7.2 7.5

Other transport 1.8 4.1 3.1 2.7 5.4 4.8

Travel 27.4 47.0 48.4 15.4 27.2 27.7










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Table III.44

Trade in commercial services of the United Kingdom, 2000


Exports Imports


2000 1995 2000 2000 1995 2000


Transportation 18.2 21.6 18.2 22.0 28.4 26.8

Sea transport 6.1 9.0 6.1 6.9 11.1 8.4

Air transport 10.8 11.2 10.8 13.4 15.8 16.3

Other transport 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5 2.1

Travel 21.7 27.5 21.7 38.0 41.8 46.3



Construction services 0.1 … 0.1 0.1 … 0.1


Financial services a 12.7 9.5 12.7 0.3 0.5 0.4




Personal, cultural, and recreational services 1.9 … 1.9 1.0 … 1.2

a The service earnings of financial institutions are recorded net of their foreign expenses. Imports of financial services only cover imports by non-financial institutions.

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Table III.45

Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe,

the Baltic States and the CIS, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Exports Imports

Value 271 242



Value

1980-85 a 0 -1

1985-90 a 3 5

1990-00 7 5

1998 -4 -1

1999 0 -12

2000 26 13

Volume

1990-00 5.5 4.0

1998 6.0 5.5

1999 -2.0 -9.0

2000 17.0 15.5

a Includes the former German Democratic Republic.

Table III.46

Merchandise trade of the C./E. Europe, the Baltic States

and the CIS by region and by major product group, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share


Total 271 100.0 100.0

Region





Africa 3 1.0 0.5


Asia 20 7.6 6.7

Product group






0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

Chart III.11

Merchandise trade of the Central and Eastern Europe,the Baltic States and the CIS, 1990-00(Billion dollars)

Note: New valuation in 1990 and change in area definition in 1992 and 1996.

2

3

4

5

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

Chart III.12

Share of the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic Statesand the CIS in world merchandise trade, 1990-00(Percentage based on value data)

Note: New valuation in 1990 and change in area definition in 1992 and 1996.

5. Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS (transition economies)

Table III.47

Merchandise exports of the C./E. Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS by major product group and main destination, 2000



2000 1996 2000 1997 1998 1999 2000

Central and Eastern Europe

Total merchandise

World 116.0 100.0 100.0 8 11 1 14

Western Europe 85.8 65.3 74.0 9 19 6 14


Manufactures

World 95.2 100.0 100.0 10 16 1 14

Western Europe 73.0 67.7 76.7 12 24 6 14


Mining products

World 9.6 100.0 100.0 3 -11 -2 31

Western Europe 6.5 66.5 68.3 3 -8 -2 31



World 9.6 100.0 100.0 3 -4 -10 1

Western Europe 5.4 53.0 56.3 -3 -1 3 -3


Baltic States

Total merchandise

World 8.9 100.0 100.0 23 3 -19 24

Western Europe 5.8 43.5 65.1 25 21 0 28


Manufactures

World 5.7 100.0 100.0 21 6 -16 24

Western Europe 4.0 47.2 70.4 22 25 0 30


Mining products

World 1.3 100.0 100.0 33 -1 -25 61


Western Europe 0.5 25.5 42.3 35 8 0 81


World 1.8 100.0 100.0 24 0 -21 6

Western Europe 1.2 42.2 65.4 34 13 -1 9

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 0.5 54.7 26.9 14 -15 -46 -2

Commonwealth of Independent States

Total merchandise

World 146.1 100.0 100.0 1 -14 -1 38

Western Europe 55.1 33.1 37.7 7 -12 1 43


Manufactures

World 45.8 100.0 100.0 -2 -4 -9 23


Western Europe 10.2 17.1 22.2 8 26 -16 20

Mining products

World 82.2 100.0 100.0 4 -17 5 54

Western Europe 40.1 45.8 48.9 6 -18 9 58



World 12.7 100.0 100.0 -7 -19 -5 18


Asia 3.4 19.4 26.6 6 -23 28 12

a The figures are affected by breaks in the continuity of the data series. See the Technical Notes.

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Table III.48

Leading merchandise exporters and importers in the Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CIS, 2000



2000 1996 2000 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 271.0 100.0 100.0 -4 0 26

Russian Fed. 105.2 41.5 38.8 -15 1 39

Poland 31.7 11.4 11.7 3 -3 15

Czech Rep. 29.0 10.3 10.7 16 2 11

Hungary 28.1 7.4 10.4 20 9 12

Ukraine 14.6 6.7 5.4 -11 -8 26

Slovak Rep. 11.9 4.1 4.4 11 -4 16

Romania 10.4 3.8 3.8 -2 2 22

Kazakhstan 9.1 2.8 3.4 -16 3 64

Belarus 7.4 2.6 2.7 -3 -16 25

Bulgaria 4.7 2.3 1.7 -13 -8 20

Importers

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 241.6 100.0 100.0 -1 -12 13

Poland 48.9 16.1 20.3 11 -2 7

Russian Fed. 45.5 29.9 18.8 -19 -32 12

Czech Rep. a 32.2 12.0 13.3 6 0 15

Hungary 32.1 7.9 13.3 21 9 15

Ukraine 14.0 7.6 5.8 -14 -19 18

Romania 13.1 5.0 5.4 5 -12 26

Slovak Rep. a 12.7 4.8 5.2 12 -14 12

Belarus 8.5 3.0 3.5 -2 -22 27

Bulgaria 6.4 2.2 2.7 1 10 18

Lithuania 5.5 2.0 2.3 3 -17 13

Memorandum item:

Central and Eastern Europe

Exports 116.0 39.4 42.8 11 1 14

Imports 146.4 48.5 60.6 11 -1 13

Baltic States

Exports 8.9 3.2 3.3 3 -13 24

Imports 12.9 4.4 5.3 8 -14 15

CIS

Exports 146.1 57.4 53.9 -14 -1 38

Imports 82.2 47.1 34.0 -15 -26 15


Table III.49

Merchandise exports of selected Central and Eastern European countries by region, major trading partner, and major product group, 1998-00(Million dollars and percentage)

Origin Czech SlovakDestination Bulgaria Rep. Rep. Hungary Poland a Romania

Value

Total 1998 4300 26350 10720 23005 28230 8300

1999 3935 26240 10275 25015 27405 85052000 4725 29000 11905 28090 31650 10365

Share in total

Region and major trading partner

North America 1998 3.2 2.5 1.4 4.8 3.0 4.61999 4.4 2.7 1.6 5.3 3.1 4.02000 4.6 3.0 1.6 5.4 3.7 4.0

Latin America 1998 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.71999 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.2 1.02000 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.8

Western Europe 1998 64.2 68.4 59.9 78.0 70.9 72.41999 69.2 73.3 63.5 80.9 73.9 74.62000 73.5 72.8 63.6 80.3 73.2 73.9

European Union (15) 1998 50.4 64.2 55.6 72.9 68.3 64.51999 52.1 69.2 59.4 76.2 70.5 65.52000 51.2 68.6 59.1 75.2 70.0 63.8

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1998 17.2 24.0 36.4 13.0 20.9 9.21999 13.1 19.5 31.8 9.8 17.1 9.82000 10.1 19.1 31.9 9.7 17.3 11.5

Central and Eastern Europe 1998 4.8 19.2 31.7 8.1 7.1 5.01999 4.1 16.4 28.9 6.8 7.8 6.62000 3.9 15.9 29.2 7.2 8.0 7.7

Russian Fed. 1998 5.3 2.5 1.9 3.2 5.7 1.01999 4.7 1.4 1.0 1.8 2.6 0.62000 2.5 1.3 0.9 1.6 2.7 0.9

Africa 1998 3.0 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.1 4.41999 2.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.4 3.82000 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.2 3.6

Middle East 1998 3.1 1.3 0.5 0.8 1.3 5.31999 2.8 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.7 4.12000 2.4 1.3 0.4 0.7 1.0 3.3

Asia 1998 4.8 2.1 0.7 1.9 1.7 2.31999 4.0 2.0 1.1 2.3 2.3 2.52000 4.2 2.6 1.3 2.6 2.1 2.8

Major product group

Agricultural products 1998 18.9 7.2 6.5 12.9 12.6 9.01999 18.5 6.7 6.5 10.0 11.0 10.42000 12.4 6.6 5.5 8.7 9.6 8.0

Mining products 1998 14.9 5.1 7.2 4.3 10.1 9.61999 17.9 4.7 8.2 3.7 10.3 10.32000 26.5 4.9 10.4 4.1 10.3 14.7

Manufactures 1998 62.1 87.3 86.0 82.7 77.1 80.61999 60.2 88.1 84.8 86.3 78.6 78.32000 59.9 88.1 83.6 87.2 80.0 76.7

a New arrangements in customs procedures beginning with 1998. See the Technical Notes.

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Table III.50

Merchandise imports of selected Central and Eastern European countries by region, major trading partnerand major product group, 1998-00(Million dollars and percentage)

Destination Czech Slovak

Origin Bulgaria Rep. a Rep. a Hungary Poland b Romania

Value

Total 1998 4960 28790 13075 25705 47055 11840

1999 5470 28075 11265 28010 45910 10395

2000 6440 32180 12670 32080 48940 13055

Share in total

Region and major trading partner

North America 1998 4.2 4.1 3.2 4.3 4.3 4.8

1999 3.7 4.4 2.8 3.7 4.0 3.8

2000 3.2 4.7 2.2 4.1 4.8 3.4

Latin America 1998 4.1 0.8 0.6 1.6 1.4 2.1

1999 3.6 0.7 0.6 1.7 1.2 1.9

2000 5.8 0.9 0.5 1.3 1.3 2.3

Western Europe 1998 51.1 66.6 52.8 67.3 69.2 62.4

1999 54.1 67.6 54.3 67.4 68.5 65.3

2000 49.9 65.6 51.5 61.3 64.5 61.2

European Union (15) 1998 45.2 63.3 50.1 64.1 66.0 57.7

1999 48.4 64.2 51.7 64.4 65.0 60.4

2000 44.1 61.9 49.0 58.5 61.2 56.6

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1998 30.4 18.9 36.2 14.2 12.9 20.4

1999 29.5 17.4 35.7 13.5 14.0 18.1

2000 36.1 19.4 39.0 16.1 18.3 21.5

Central and Eastern Europe 1998 5.2 12.2 23.5 6.5 6.0 8.8

1999 6.0 11.4 22.0 6.6 6.2 8.5

2000 8.3 11.3 20.1 7.0 6.6 8.5

Russian Fed. 1998 20.2 5.5 10.4 6.5 5.0 9.0

1999 20.1 4.8 12.0 5.9 5.8 6.8

2000 24.3 6.4 17.0 8.1 9.4 8.6

Africa 1998 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.7

1999 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.8

2000 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6

Middle East 1998 2.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 2.0

1999 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.3

2000 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.0

Asia 1998 5.9 7.1 5.2 11.8 10.6 7.5

1999 4.4 7.3 5.3 12.9 10.7 8.3

2000 4.0 7.4 5.4 16.5 9.8 9.7

Major product group

Agricultural products 1998 10.2 8.6 8.1 6.1 9.7 9.9

1999 8.4 7.8 8.3 4.8 9.0 8.8

2000 7.5 7.0 7.4 4.4 8.2 8.4

Mining products 1998 27.4 10.3 14.4 9.5 9.0 15.3

1999 26.2 9.8 16.4 8.6 9.8 13.3

2000 32.1 13.3 21.1 11.1 13.6 16.0

Manufactures 1998 60.1 81.0 77.3 84.3 80.2 72.8

1999 63.9 82.3 75.2 86.6 81.0 77.0

2000 58.7 79.7 71.4 84.4 77.9 75.2


b New arrangements in customs procedures beginning with 1998. See the Technical Notes.

Table III.51

Relative importance of inter-regional trade in the total merchandise trade of the Baltic States, 2000


Exports Imports


All All All AllBaltic other Baltic other Baltic other Baltic other

World States countries States countries World States countries States countries

Baltic States 8850 1215 7635 13.7 86.3 Baltic States 12900 960 11940 7.4 92.6

Estonia 3175 315 2860 9.9 90.1 Estonia 4255 180 4075 4.2 95.8

Latvia 1865 240 1625 12.9 87.1 Latvia 3190 440 2750 13.8 86.2

Lithuania 3810 660 3150 17.3 82.7 Lithuania 5455 340 5115 6.2 93.8

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Table III.52

Relative importance of inter-regional trade in the total merchandise trade of the CIS, 2000


Exports Imports


All All All Allother other other other

World CIS countries CIS countries World CIS countries CIS countries

CIS 146140 29710 116430 20.3 79.7 CIS 82205 33525 48680 40.8 59.2

Armenia 300 75 225 25.0 75.0 Armenia 885 165 720 18.6 81.4

Azerbaijan 1750 235 1515 13.4 86.6 Azerbaijan 1390 375 1015 27.0 73.0

Belarus 7380 4465 2915 60.5 39.5 Belarus 8485 6015 2470 70.9 29.1

Georgia 330 135 195 40.9 59.1 Georgia 725 250 475 34.5 65.5

Kazakhstan 9140 2340 6800 25.6 74.4 Kazakhstan 5050 2535 2515 50.2 49.8

Kyrgyz Rep. 505 205 300 40.6 59.4 Kyrgyz Rep. 555 300 255 54.1 45.9

Moldova, Rep. of 470 275 195 58.5 41.5 Moldova, Rep. of 775 245 530 31.6 68.4

Russian Fed. 105200 14600 90600 13.9 86.1 Russian Fed. 45500 13695 31805 30.1 69.9

Tajikistan 780 370 410 47.4 52.6 Tajikistan 675 560 115 83.0 17.0

Turkmenistan 2700 1500 1200 55.6 44.4 Turkmenistan 1400 460 940 32.9 67.1

Ukraine 14575 4490 10085 30.8 69.2 Ukraine 13955 8025 5930 57.5 42.5

Uzbekistan 3010 1020 1990 33.9 66.1 Uzbekistan 2810 900 1910 32.0 68.0

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Table III.53

Merchandise exports of selected economies to the CIS, 1998-00

(Million dollars)

Origin European Union (15) Central and Eastern Europe Turkey

Destination 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000

Commonwealth of Independent States 31358 21450 24769 6645 4005 4415 2659 1533 1636

Armenia 175 180 193 31 25 19 0 0 0

Azerbaijan 360 222 269 71 45 51 325 248 230

Belarus 1277 1042 999 377 328 378 8 5 12

Georgia 303 175 230 171 115 114 161 114 131

Kazakhstan 1374 1011 1116 204 117 135 213 97 116

Kyrgyz Rep. 93 76 48 10 6 7 41 23 20

Moldova, Rep. of 320 262 295 283 187 232 28 21 26

Russian Fed. 22795 15083 17821 3520 1885 2015 1348 589 639

Tajikistan 46 33 33 16 15 3 10 5 4

Turkmenistan 177 218 148 13 17 31 96 107 119

Ukraine 3783 2626 3169 1873 1198 1364 274 226 256

Uzbekistan 655 522 446 77 67 64 156 99 82

Origin United States Japan China

Destination 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000


Armenia 51 50 56 2 1 2 1 12 1

Azerbaijan 123 55 210 19 36 8 1 1 2

Belarus 30 26 31 11 4 3 6 5 41

Georgia 137 83 110 3 7 4 6 2 2

Kazakhstan 103 179 124 53 61 69 205 494 599

Kyrgyz Rep. 21 21 23 1 6 4 172 103 110

Moldova, Rep. of 21 11 27 1 3 1 0 0 0

Russian Fed. 3585 1845 2092 978 480 570 1840 1497 2233

Tajikistan 12 13 12 5 3 1 11 2 7

Turkmenistan 28 18 84 8 14 56 10 7 12

Ukraine 368 204 191 74 54 51 90 81 136

Uzbekistan 147 339 158 67 86 25 57 27 39

Table III.54

Merchandise imports of selected economies from the CIS, 1998-00

(Million dollars)

Destination European Union (15) Central and Eastern Europe Turkey

Origin 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000


Armenia 72 93 113 1 0 0 0 0 0

Azerbaijan 60 484 919 5 19 10 50 44 96

Belarus 532 570 679 300 181 309 21 21 18

Georgia 69 117 280 4 6 4 91 93 155

Kazakhstan 1052 1750 2917 88 227 516 254 296 346

Kyrgyz Rep. 211 134 123 15 65 8 7 3 2

Moldova, Rep. of 133 145 180 75 13 54 12 11 7

Russian Fed. 22306 22615 32951 9080 8840 14145 2155 2374 3880

Tajikistan 95 57 48 20 39 43 8 4 16

Turkmenistan 138 264 201 26 26 26 42 67 98

Ukraine 2309 2076 2506 1433 1127 1499 989 774 977

Uzbekistan 529 414 433 182 136 86 96 47 86

Destination United States Japan China

Origin 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000


Armenia 17 16 24 6 1 0 0 0 4

Azerbaijan 5 28 22 0 0 1 0 0 4

Belarus 113 100 107 10 6 8 11 21 73

Georgia 15 19 33 1 1 2 2 1 2

Kazakhstan 178 240 443 120 87 91 431 644 958

Kyrgyz Rep. 0 1 2 1 1 1 26 32 67

Moldova, Rep. of 120 98 109 0 0 0 1 0 8

Russian Fed. 6008 6017 7908 2892 3767 4579 3641 4223 5770

Tajikistan 33 24 9 0 0 1 8 6 10

Turkmenistan 3 9 29 0 0 1 2 2 4

Ukraine 585 586 901 73 124 154 185 340 455

Uzbekistan 35 27 43 40 34 79 32 13 12

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Table III.55

Merchandise trade of Africa, 2000


Exports Imports

Value 145 137



Africa

1980-85 -8 -6 1985-90 5 6 1990-00 3 4 1998 -17 1 1999 10 -3 2000 27 7

South Africa

1980-85 -9 -10 1985-90 8 10 1990-00 3 5 1998 -9 -9 1999 1 -9 2000 12 11

Other Africa

1980-85 -7 -6 1985-90 4 6 1990-00 3 3 1998 -18 4 1999 12 -1 2000 31 5

Table III.56

Merchandise trade of Africa by regionand by major product group, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share


Total a 145 100.0 100.0

Region





Africa 11 7.6 9.1


Asia 25 17.1 18.4

Product group




a Includes significant exports of unspecified products.



0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

Chart III.13

Merchandise trade of Africa,1990-00(Billion dollars)

0

1

2

3

4

5

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

Chart III.14

Share of Africa in world merchandise trade, 1990-00(Percentage based on value data)

6. Africa

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Table III.57

Merchandise exports of Africa by major product group and main destination, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Total merchandise a

World 144.7 100.0 100.0 3 -17 10 27

Western Europe 71.8 57.5 49.6 2 -11 4 24

North America 26.4 15.2 18.3 5 -21 6 58

Asia 24.8 7.7 17.1 12 -28 34 27

Mining products

World 86.5 100.0 100.0 5 -28 24 55

Western Europe 38.4 61.5 44.4 1 -26 14 55

North America 21.7 24.7 25.1 5 -28 9 72

Asia 15.8 5.9 18.3 17 -36 68 51

Manufactures

World 35.6 100.0 100.0 6 -2 1 13

Western Europe 21.1 62.1 59.3 5 3 3 12

Africa 5.2 11.6 14.7 8 -7 -6 8

North America 3.7 5.9 10.4 12 12 0 24


World 18.6 100.0 100.0 1 0 -5 -17

Western Europe 10.4 61.1 56.0 0 4 -8 -12

Asia 3.4 15.1 18.2 3 -12 4 -12

Africa 1.8 11.8 9.7 -1 -7 -7 -25

a Includes significant exports of unspecified products.

Table III.58

Merchandise exports of Africa by destination, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 144.7 100.0 100.0 3 -17 10 27

Western Europe 71.8 57.5 49.6 2 -11 4 24

European Union (15) 67.6 52.1 46.7 2 -11 5 25

North America 26.4 15.2 18.3 5 -21 6 58

Asia 24.8 7.7 17.1 12 -28 34 27

Japan 4.0 3.0 2.7 3 -20 -1 21

Other 20.8 4.7 14.4 15 -30 44 28

Intra-Africa 11.0 5.9 7.6 6 -12 3 12

Latin America 4.4 1.5 3.1 11 -14 19 34

Middle East 2.1 1.5 1.5 3 -10 4 4

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1.2 2.2 0.8 -7 -3 -13 -14


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Table III.59

Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Africa, 2000



2000 1980 1990 1995 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

Africa 144.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3 -17 10 27

South Africa a 30.0 21.1 22.6 26.0 20.7 3 -9 1 12

Nigeria 20.1 21.5 13.1 10.9 13.9 4 -36 32 57

Algeria 19.6 11.5 12.4 9.6 13.5 4 -29 27 56

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 14.2 18.1 13.3 8.4 9.8 0 -31 16 84

Angola 7.9 1.6 3.8 3.4 5.4 7 -29 46 52

Morocco 7.4 2.1 4.1 4.4 5.1 6 2 3 1

Tunisia 5.9 1.8 3.4 5.1 4.0 5 3 2 0

Egypt 4.7 2.5 2.5 3.2 3.2 6 -20 14 32

Côte d'Ivoire 4.0 2.6 3.0 3.4 2.8 3 3 -1 -11

Gabon 3.4 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.3 4 -37 25 40

Botswana 2.7 0.4 1.7 2.0 1.8 4 -31 36 1

Congo 2.5 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.7 10 -12 6 60

Cameroon 1.9 1.1 1.9 1.5 1.3 -1 -10 -4 17

Sudan 1.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.2 17 0 31 132

Kenya 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.2 5 -2 -13 -1

Importers

Africa 137.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 4 1 -3 7

South Africa a 29.7 20.2 19.4 24.4 21.7 5 -9 -9 11

Egypt 14.0 5.0 9.7 9.4 10.2 4 22 -1 -13

Nigeria 12.9 17.2 5.9 7.4 9.4 9 -3 4 24

Morocco 11.5 4.3 7.2 6.8 8.4 5 8 -4 16

Algeria 9.2 10.9 10.3 8.2 6.7 -1 8 -3 0

Tunisia 8.6 3.7 5.8 6.3 6.2 4 6 1 1

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 7.7 7.0 5.6 4.3 5.7 4 -11 -21 80

Angola 3.4 1.4 1.7 1.4 2.5 8 -9 50 7

Kenya 3.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 4 -3 -11 10

Côte d'Ivoire 3.1 3.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 4 8 9 -5

Ghana 3.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 2.2 10 10 37 -12

Botswana 2.2 0.7 2.1 1.5 1.6 1 6 -8 2

Mauritius 2.1 0.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 3 -5 8 -7

Uganda 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.8 1.2 23 7 -5 23

Zimbabwe 1.7 1.5 1.9 2.1 1.2 -1 -13 -21 -22

a Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union.

Note: Recent figures for a number of traders in the region have been estimated by the Secretariat.

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Table III.60

Merchandise exports of the European Union to developing countries in Africa by product, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Total merchandise exports 45.1 100.0 100.0 0 6 -6 -1

Manufactures 34.8 79.0 77.2 0 5 -4 -3

Machinery and transport equipment 18.1 41.4 40.2 0 6 -2 -1

Power generating machinery 1.1 1.7 2.4 4 30 -6 6

Other non-electrical machinery 6.1 15.5 13.6 -1 4 -5 -12

Office and telecom equipment 3.5 4.6 7.8 6 26 13 14

Electrical machinery and apparatus 2.4 4.2 5.3 3 10 1 -6

Automotive products 3.3 9.8 7.4 -3 2 -4 -2

Other transport equipment 1.7 5.6 3.8 -4 -18 -11 21

Chemicals 5.3 11.6 11.7 0 6 -5 -5

Other semi-manufactures 3.4 8.9 7.5 -1 1 -5 -7

Textiles 3.1 5.1 6.9 3 12 -3 -5

Iron and steel 1.1 4.5 2.4 -6 1 -32 2

Agricultural products 6.7 15.6 14.9 0 8 -14 2

Food 5.9 13.7 13.0 0 10 -13 2

Mining products 2.7 4.0 5.9 4 -5 -4 49

Fuels 2.1 2.6 4.7 7 -12 0 69

Note: The European Union accounted for 48 per cent of developing Africa’s merchandise imports in 2000. Developing Africa is defined as Africa less South Africa.

Table III.61

Merchandise imports of the European Union from developing countries in Africa by product, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Total merchandise imports 58.4 100.0 100.0 1 -10 -2 27

Mining products 33.8 62.3 57.8 0 -25 10 63

Fuels 31.9 55.5 54.7 1 -27 12 68

Ores and other minerals 1.2 3.1 2.0 -3 0 -3 -2

Non-ferrous metals 0.7 3.7 1.1 -10 -5 -12 9

Manufactures 14.6 16.9 25.0 5 4 -1 2

Clothing 6.5 6.3 11.2 7 10 -1 1

Other semi-manufactures 2.8 3.8 4.8 3 -16 9 0

Agricultural products 9.9 17.8 17.0 1 5 -7 -9

Food 7.6 13.0 13.0 1 5 -5 -11

Raw materials 2.3 4.8 3.9 -1 5 -13 2

Note: The European Union accounted for 48 per cent of developing Africa’s merchandise exports in 2000. Developing Africa is defined as Africa less South Africa.

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7. Middle East

Table III.62

Merchandise trade of the Middle East, 2000


Exports Imports

Value 263 171



1980-85 -14 -3

1985-90 6 2

1990-00 7 6

1998 -21 -1

1999 28 1

2000 46 14

Table III.63

Merchandise trade of the Middle East by regionand by major product group, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share


Total 263 100.0 100.0

Region

North America 41 15.7 13.5 Latin America 3 1.2 1.9 Western Europe 48 18.2 39.6 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 2 0.6 4.3 Africa 10 3.9 1.4 Middle East 17 6.3 11.0 Asia 126 47.9 28.2

Product group

Agricultural products 6 2.4 13.1 Mining products 196 74.7 8.8 Manufactures 57 21.7 74.6



0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

Chart III.15

Merchandise trade of the Middle East,1990-00(Billion dollars)

0

1

2

3

4

5

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

Chart III.16

Share of the Middle East in world merchandise trade, 1990-00(Percentage based on value data)

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Table III.64

Merchandise exports of the Middle East by major product group and main destination, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Total merchandise

World 262.6 100.0 100.0 7 -21 28 46

Asia 125.7 39.8 47.9 9 -31 29 62

Western Europe 47.9 26.9 18.2 3 -11 11 35

North America 41.3 14.0 15.7 8 -6 36 55

Middle East 16.6 6.3 6.3 7 -10 7 30

Mining products

World 196.0 100.0 100.0 6 -29 35 58

Asia 113.4 45.3 57.9 9 -31 29 67

Western Europe 29.7 25.0 15.1 1 -21 17 47

North America 24.6 14.1 12.6 5 -21 56 70

Manufactures

World 57.0 100.0 100.0 11 2 15 24

Western Europe 16.0 32.5 28.1 9 9 4 24

North America 15.3 16.4 26.9 17 18 15 40

Asia 10.2 19.6 17.9 10 -23 27 29

Middle East 7.8 18.3 13.7 8 3 5 24

Agriculture

World 6.4 100.0 100.0 4 -11 9 -8

Table III.65

Merchandise exports of the Middle East by destination, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 262.6 100.0 100.0 7 -21 28 46

Asia 125.7 39.8 47.9 9 -31 29 62

Japan 46.0 20.9 17.5 5 -32 21 63

Other 79.8 18.9 30.4 12 -29 34 62

Western Europe 47.9 26.9 18.2 3 -11 11 35

European Union (15) 44.0 24.0 16.8 3 -9 12 36

North America 41.3 14.0 15.7 8 -6 36 55

Intra-Middle East 16.6 6.3 6.3 7 -10 7 30

Africa 10.3 3.1 3.9 10 -5 15 45

Latin America 3.2 3.7 1.2 -4 -25 -4 40

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1.6 2.5 0.6 -8 -14 -16 -1


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Table III.66

Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 1990 and 2000



1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

North America 16.7 24.9 4 -24 51 67

United States 16.0 23.7 4 -21 52 64

Canada a 0.7 1.1 5 -58 8 168

Western Europe 28.5 30.6 1 -22 14 55

European Union (15) 25.5 28.2 1 -20 15 55

France 5.6 6.8 2 -20 12 62

Italy 4.5 6.4 4 -30 18 76

Netherlands b 4.6 3.8 -2 -29 31 …

Germany 2.8 2.7 0 -24 35 66

Turkey 2.5 2.2 -1 -42 17 59

Asia 50.1 117.5 9 -30 27 67

Japan 29.4 47.5 5 -34 20 66

Korea, Rep. of 4.8 24.4 18 -34 28 84

Singapore 6.3 10.5 5 -37 20 46

India b 2.7 8.5 12 33 76 …

Thailand b 1.1 3.6 13 -30 29 …

Taipei, Chinese b 2.8 3.1 1 -32 44 …

a Imports are valued f.o.b.b 1999 instead of 2000.

Table III.67

Leading merchandise exporters and importers in the Middle East, 2000



2000 1980 1990 1995 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

Middle East 262.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7 -21 28 46

Saudi Arabia 84.1 50.9 33.1 34.4 32.0 7 -36 31 66 United Arab Emirates 39.9 10.2 15.5 15.3 15.2 7 -9 15 29 Israel 31.3 2.6 9.0 13.1 11.9 10 2 12 21 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 30.0 6.6 12.6 11.5 11.4 6 -29 50 52 Kuwait 19.5 9.2 5.3 9.5 7.4 11 -33 28 60

Iraq 19.3 12.3 9.2 0.3 7.3 5 51 73 61 Oman 11.3 1.7 4.1 4.2 4.3 7 -28 31 57 Qatar 9.4 2.6 2.9 2.5 3.6 9 -10 43 30 Bahrain 5.7 1.7 2.8 2.8 2.2 4 -25 25 40 Syrian Arab Republic 4.3 1.0 3.1 2.4 1.6 0 -26 20 23

Importers

Middle East 171.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 -1 1 14

Israel 38.1 9.5 16.9 22.6 22.3 9 -5 13 15 United Arab Emirates 31.9 8.5 11.3 16.1 18.6 11 -4 6 4 Saudi Arabia 30.3 29.3 24.3 21.5 17.7 2 4 -7 8 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 15.2 11.9 15.8 8.6 8.9 0 1 -11 20 Iraq 13.7 13.6 7.7 0.6 8.0 6 3 94 61

Kuwait 7.6 6.4 4.0 6.0 4.5 7 5 -12 0 Lebanon 6.2 3.6 2.6 5.6 3.6 9 -5 -12 0 Oman 5.0 1.7 2.7 3.2 2.9 7 13 -18 8 Bahrain 4.6 3.4 3.7 2.8 2.7 2 -11 1 29 Jordan 4.5 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.7 6 -7 -3 22

Note: Recent figures for a number of significant traders in the region have been estimated by the Secretariat.

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Table III.68

Merchandise trade of Asia, 2000


Exports Imports

Value 1649 1481



Value

1980-85 5 2

1985-90 13 14

1990-00 8 8

1998 -6 -18

1999 7 10

2000 18 23

Volume

1980-85 7.5 5.5

1985-90 8.0 12.0

1990-00 8.1 7.6

1998 3.3 -8.4

1999 6.9 9.2

2000 16.1 15.3

Table III.69

Merchandise trade of Asia by regionand by major product group, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share


Total 1649 100.0 100.0

Region





Africa 22 1.3 1.7


Asia 807 48.9 56.5

Product group






0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

0099989796959493929190

ExportsImports

Chart III.17

Merchandise trade of Asia,1990-00(Billion dollars)

10

15

20

25

30

0099989796959493929190

Exports

Imports

Chart III.18

Share of Asia in world merchandise trade, 1990-00(Percentage based on value data)

8. Asia

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Table III.70

Merchandise exports of Asia by main product group and main destination, 2000


Share in total Share in product Annual percentageValue merchandise group change

2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

Total merchandise

World 1649.2 100.0 100.0 - - 8 7 18

Intra-Asia 807.0 42.1 48.9 - - 10 12 25

Japan 159.3 10.4 9.7 - - 8 13 28

Other 647.7 31.7 39.3 - - 11 12 24

North America 422.7 28.3 25.6 - - 7 8 15

Western Europe 277.6 20.0 16.8 - - 6 1 10

All other regions 121.4 8.1 7.4 - - 7 -7 15

Manufactures

World 1389.3 79.1 84.2 100.0 100.0 9 9 18

Intra-Asia 626.0 28.5 38.0 36.0 45.1 12 14 25

Japan 106.3 4.3 6.4 5.5 7.7 13 18 29

Other 519.7 24.1 31.5 30.5 37.4 11 13 24

North America 396.0 26.1 24.0 33.0 28.5 7 9 15

Western Europe 249.4 17.4 15.1 22.0 18.0 7 4 11

All other regions 103.1 6.2 6.3 7.8 7.4 8 -6 15


World 107.2 9.7 6.5 100.0 100.0 4 -1 11

Intra-Asia 67.2 5.5 4.1 56.8 62.7 5 2 14

Japan 20.3 2.3 1.2 23.2 18.9 2 4 4

Other 46.9 3.3 2.8 33.6 43.8 7 1 18

Western Europe 14.8 1.7 0.9 17.2 13.9 2 -9 -1

North America 13.9 1.1 0.8 11.4 13.0 5 2 12


Mining products

World 115.9 8.9 7.0 100.0 100.0 6 10 32

Intra-Asia 95.8 7.1 5.8 79.7 82.6 6 12 33

Japan 31.8 3.6 1.9 40.6 27.4 2 6 43

Other 64.0 3.5 3.9 39.1 55.2 10 16 29

Western Europe 7.1 0.6 0.4 6.9 6.2 5 -7 19

North America 6.7 0.8 0.4 8.9 5.8 1 1 19

All other regions 4.1 0.3 0.2 2.8 3.5 8 5 32

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Table III.71

Merchandise exports of Asia by product, 2000


Share in exports Share in Value of Asia world exports Annual percentage change

2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000



Food 82.6 6.8 5.0 16.0 18.7 5 -9 -1 9

Raw materials 24.6 2.9 1.5 21.7 21.2 1 -21 -1 17

Mining products 115.9 8.9 7.0 13.6 14.3 6 -16 10 32


Fuels 79.4 6.2 4.8 12.8 12.6 6 -21 15 39

Non-ferrous metals 21.9 1.3 1.3 12.9 18.2 9 -6 7 19

Manufactures 1389.3 79.1 84.2 24.5 30.0 9 -5 9 18

Iron and steel 35.2 2.8 2.1 19.5 24.5 5 -3 -10 20

Chemicals 98.8 4.6 6.0 11.4 17.2 11 -7 12 17

Other semi-manufactures 94.5 6.2 5.7 17.4 21.1 8 -8 8 14

Machinery and transport equipment 832.1 43.2 50.5 26.3 32.4 10 -5 11 20

Automotive products 112.7 9.7 6.8 22.4 19.7 5 -4 9 8

Office and telecom equipment 447.7 18.6 27.1 45.9 47.6 13 -4 14 23

Other machinery and transport equipment 271.7 15.0 16.5 18.6 25.8 9 -6 7 20

Textiles 71.4 5.0 4.3 35.3 45.4 7 -11 3 15

Clothing 89.4 6.4 5.4 43.6 44.9 7 0 1 13

Other consumer goods 167.8 11.0 10.2 27.1 31.0 8 -4 10 15

Table III.72

Merchandise exports of Asia by destination, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

World 1649.2 100.0 100.0 8 -6 7 18

Intra-Asia 807.0 42.1 48.9 10 -17 12 25

Japan 159.3 10.4 9.7 8 -16 13 28 Australia and New Zealand 39.8 2.7 2.4 7 -2 10 4 China 107.7 3.3 6.5 16 -9 8 29 Other 500.2 25.7 30.3 10 -20 13 25

North America 422.7 28.3 25.6 7 4 8 15

Western Europe 277.6 20.0 16.8 6 8 1 10 European Union (15) 260.2 18.6 15.8 7 7 4 10

Middle East 42.5 2.9 2.6 7 11 -7 14

Latin America 41.5 1.8 2.5 12 4 -9 21

Africa 22.1 1.5 1.3 7 6 -1 4 South Africa 6.6 0.2 0.4 14 -2 -10 12 Other Africa 15.5 1.2 0.9 6 9 2 1

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 15.3 1.9 0.9 1 -10 -11 20 C./E. Europe 7.1 0.4 0.4 10 0 -1 13 Russian Fed. 5.7 - 0.3 - - -26 32


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Table III.73

Leading merchandise exporters and importers in Asia, 2000



Value Share Value Volume

2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

Asia 1649.2 100.0 100.0 8 -6 7 18 8.1 3.3 6.9 16.1

Japan 479.2 38.9 29.1 5 -8 8 14 3.0 -1.4 2.2 9.4 China 249.3 8.4 15.1 15 0 6 28 … … … … Hong Kong, China 202.4 - - 9 -7 0 16 9.8 -4.3 3.6 17.0 domestic exports 23.7 3.9 1.4 -2 -10 -9 6 -1.9 -7.9 -7.3 7.6 re-exports 178.8 - - 13 -7 1 18 13.3 -3.7 5.4 18.4 Korea, Rep. of 172.3 8.8 10.4 10 -3 9 20 15.7 16.9 12.0 21.3 Taipei, Chinese 148.3 9.1 9.0 8 -9 10 22 6.0 1.1 4.9 10.0

Singapore 137.9 7.1 8.4 10 -12 4 20 11.5 0.9 5.6 15.8 domestic exports 78.9 4.7 4.8 9 -12 8 15 10.4 0.7 8.1 10.2 re-exports 59.1 2.4 3.6 13 -12 -1 28 13.3 -0.6 1.6 26.7 Malaysia 98.2 4.0 6.0 13 -7 15 16 14.2 3.9 19.9 19.5 Thailand 69.1 3.1 4.2 12 -5 7 18 11.2 7.8 12.0 21.9 Australia 63.9 5.4 3.9 5 -11 0 14 7.6 -1.0 5.2 9.6 Indonesia 62.1 3.5 3.8 9 -9 0 28 10.1 17.2 -1.4 24.2

India 42.3 2.4 2.6 9 -4 9 16 … … … … Philippines 39.8 1.1 2.4 17 18 24 9 17.8 24.8 24.2 13.2 Viet Nam 14.5 0.3 0.9 20 2 23 25 … … … … New Zealand 13.3 1.3 0.8 3 -15 3 7 4.6 -0.3 1.6 5.7 Pakistan 9.2 0.8 0.6 5 -3 0 8 … … … …

Importers

Asia 1481.3 100.0 100.0 8 -18 10 23 7.6 -8.4 9.2 15.3

Japan 379.5 33.2 25.6 5 -17 11 22 5.3 -5.3 9.5 10.9 China 225.1 7.5 15.2 15 -1 18 36 … … … … Hong Kong, China 214.2 - - 10 -12 -3 19 10.1 -7.1 0.2 18.1 retained imports 35.4 4.4 2.4 1 -30 -21 24 … … … … Korea, Rep. of 160.5 9.9 10.8 9 -35 28 34 9.7 -21.0 26.1 19.0 Taipei, Chinese 140.0 7.7 9.5 10 -8 6 26 7.8 4.1 3.7 10.0

Singapore 134.5 8.6 9.1 8 -23 9 21 8.4 -12.9 9.5 14.8 retained imports 75.6 6.1 5.1 6 -31 18 16 … … … … Malaysia 82.2 4.1 5.5 11 -26 11 27 12.0 -21.2 13.5 24.6 Australia 71.5 5.9 4.8 5 -2 7 3 7.6 6.9 6.5 5.3 Thailand 61.9 4.7 4.2 6 -32 17 23 4.4 -27.2 23.6 21.5 India 50.5 3.3 3.4 8 4 4 12 … … … …

Philippines 33.8 1.8 2.3 10 -18 3 4 10.0 -13.9 3.3 -0.3 Indonesia 33.5 3.1 2.3 4 -34 -12 40 4.2 -30.8 -11.3 37.0 Viet Nam 15.6 0.4 1.1 19 -1 1 35 … … … … New Zealand 13.9 1.3 0.9 4 -14 14 -3 4.6 2.4 13.4 -2.7 Pakistan 11.0 1.1 0.7 4 -20 10 7 … … … …

Memorandum item:

ASEAN (10) Exports 427.4 19.5 25.9 11 -7 9 19 … … … …

Imports 366.8 23.0 24.8 8 -25 8 23 … … … …

SAPTA (7) Exports 64.1 3.7 3.9 9 -1 6 16 … … … …

Imports 78.9 5.4 5.3 7 -2 6 11 … … … …

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Table III.74

Merchandise trade of Japan by region and economy, 2000


Exports Imports



2000 1990 2000 1999 2000 2000 1990 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 479.25 100.0 100.0 8 14 World 379.66 100.0 100.0 11 22

Asia 207.49 34.2 43.3 15 25 Asia 176.13 35.1 46.4 15 27



Latin America 13.22 3.3 2.8 -18 15 Middle East 49.25 13.3 13.0 19 62

Middle East 9.98 3.2 2.1 -20 -2 Latin America 10.60 4.0 2.8 4 14

Africa 4.21 1.9 0.9 -6 -7 C./E. Europe/ C./E. Europe/ Baltic States/CIS 5.78 1.7 1.5 23 25

Baltic States/CIS 2.52 1.1 0.5 -16 25 Africa 4.93 1.6 1.3 4 22

Economy Economy

United States 143.98 31.7 30.0 8 11 United States 72.51 22.5 19.1 0 7

European Union (15) 78.41 20.4 16.4 4 5 China 55.10 5.1 14.5 16 29

China 42.62 2.1 8.9 9 25 European Union (15) 46.80 16.0 12.3 9 9

Taipei, Chinese 35.94 5.4 7.5 12 25 Korea, Rep. of 20.45 5.0 5.4 33 28

Korea, Rep. of 30.70 6.1 6.4 49 34 Taipei, Chinese 17.90 3.6 4.7 25 40

Above 5 331.66 65.7 69.2 10 14 Above 5 212.75 52.2 56.0 10 17

Singapore 20.82 3.7 4.3 10 28 Indonesia 16.38 5.4 4.3 16 30

Hong Kong, China 14.94 4.6 3.1 -1 33 United Arab Emirates 14.84 3.9 3.9 6 69

Malaysia 13.89 1.9 2.9 19 25 Australia 14.80 5.3 3.9 -2 16

Thailand 13.63 3.2 2.8 20 21 Malaysia 14.49 2.3 3.8 26 33

Philippines 10.26 0.9 2.1 20 17 Saudi Arabia 14.20 4.5 3.7 16 71

Australia 8.57 2.4 1.8 5 1 Thailand 10.59 1.8 2.8 8 20

Indonesia 7.59 1.8 1.6 13 57 Canada 8.70 3.6 2.3 3 10

Canada 7.48 2.3 1.6 9 8 Philippines 7.20 0.9 1.9 20 36

Panama 6.45 1.0 1.3 11 -6 Singapore 6.43 1.5 1.7 15 18

Mexico 5.21 0.8 1.1 4 19 Qatar 5.86 0.9 1.5 23 70

Saudi Arabia 3.09 1.2 0.6 -17 -7 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 5.36 1.5 1.4 28 71

United Arab Emirates 2.53 0.5 0.5 -12 0 Kuwait 4.99 0.7 1.3 29 66

Brazil 2.52 0.4 0.5 -22 23 Russian Fed. 4.58 0.0 1.2 30 22

India 2.49 0.6 0.5 0 3 Switzerland 3.29 1.7 0.9 12 -2

Switzerland 2.09 1.0 0.4 -2 -3 South Africa 3.00 - 0.8 -3 31

Viet Nam 1.98 0.1 0.4 22 21 Brazil 3.00 1.4 0.8 -8 12

South Africa 1.89 0.5 0.4 -9 15 Chile 2.84 0.7 0.7 5 13

Israel 1.28 0.2 0.3 2 20 Viet Nam 2.64 0.3 0.7 12 35

New Zealand 1.26 0.4 0.3 27 -15 India 2.64 0.9 0.7 3 17

Turkey 1.21 0.3 0.3 -46 33 Mexico 2.39 0.8 0.6 34 44

Norway 0.99 0.3 0.2 -4 -20 New Zealand 2.19 0.7 0.6 -2 15

Hungary 0.85 0.0 0.2 12 31 Oman 2.04 0.8 0.5 54 20

Oman 0.74 0.1 0.2 -15 11 Hong Kong, China 1.67 0.9 0.4 3 -7

Egypt 0.73 0.2 0.2 -12 -23 Brunei Darussalam 1.65 0.5 0.4 2 57

Liberia 0.73 0.4 0.2 -12 -9 Norway 1.18 0.3 0.3 28 -10

Above 30 464.87 94.6 97.0 - - Above 30 369.70 94.3 97.4 - -

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Table III.75

Merchandise exports of the United States, the European Union and Japan to China by major product, 2000


Share in economy’s

total merchandise total exports by Annual percentage

Value exports product group change

2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

United States

Total merchandise exports 16.2 100.0 100.0 1.2 2.1 13 11 -8 23


Food 1.5 11.2 9.4 1.3 2.8 11 11 -31 98

Mining products 1.0 2.7 6.4 0.5 3.7 23 -23 26 77

Manufactures 12.6 71.9 77.6 1.2 1.9 14 19 -7 14

Chemicals 2.3 21.9 14.0 2.7 2.7 8 2 6 8


Machinery and transport equipment 8.1 40.4 50.0 1.1 2.0 15 26 -13 13 Other non electrical machinery 1.8 12.0 11.2 1.7 2.5 12 -18 -5 37 Office and telecom equipment 3.2 5.2 20.0 0.5 2.1 29 64 9 45 Other transport eqipment 1.8 16.1 10.9 2.1 3.4 9 68 -35 -25 Other consumer goods 1.2 5.1 7.6 0.7 1.5 18 3 10 17

European Union (15)

Total merchandise exports 27.8 100.0 100.0 0.5 1.2 14 4 21 21

Agricultural products 1.5 8.4 5.5 0.4 0.7 9 35 55 15

Food 0.6 5.7 2.3 0.3 0.4 4 37 31 -16

Mining products 1.0 1.0 3.5 0.1 0.8 29 -18 150 25

Manufactures 23.9 88.4 85.9 0.5 1.3 14 -3 16 24

Chemicals 2.5 10.9 8.9 0.5 0.8 12 -8 29 33

Other semi-manufactures 2.0 4.8 7.2 0.2 1.0 19 -1 28 33

Machinery and transport equipment 16.9 63.6 60.9 0.8 1.8 14 -3 13 21 Other non electrical machinery 5.4 33.4 21.3 53.0 2.8 9 -15 11 12 Office and telecom equipment 5.4 4.7 19.5 0.4 2.1 32 41 24 32


Japan



Mining products 1.2 2.0 3.9 3.1 15.8 26 -27 20 14

Non-ferrous metals 0.6 0.8 2.1 2.1 13.0 30 29 41 6

Manufactures 27.8 92.8 91.4 2.1 6.2 17 -7 16 31

Iron and steel 2.1 17.3 7.0 8.5 14.3 7 -12 1 39

Chemicals 4.0 12.2 13.1 4.7 11.3 18 5 30 32


Machinery and transport equipment 15.4 43.8 50.5 1.3 4.7 19 -7 12 32 Other non electrical machinery 4.6 14.4 15.1 2.5 7.6 18 -24 13 24 Office and telecom equipment 5.3 16.7 17.3 1.5 4.9 18 4 25 45 Electrical machinery and apparatus 3.4 5.2 11.2 1.9 8.5 27 -2 22 33

Textiles 2.6 7.1 8.5 7.4 36.8 19 -15 26 14

Other consumer goods 2.1 5.9 6.9 1.5 5.0 19 -5 26 41

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Table III.76

Merchandise imports of the United States, the European Union and Japan from China by major product, 2000


Share in economy’s

total merchandise total imports by Annual percentage

Value imports product group change

2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

United States


Agricultural products 1.5 4.3 1.5 1.8 2.2 8 7 15 10 Food 1.1 3.6 1.1 2.0 2.2 6 2 17 12

Mining products 1.3 5.8 1.3 1.1 0.8 3 -14 -14 55

Manufactures 99.3 89.0 96.1 3.9 10.2 21 15 17 17 Chemicals 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.5 2.5 18 14 18 4 Other semi-manufactures 7.8 4.6 7.5 2.1 9.5 27 25 28 16 Machinery and transport equipment 36.1 15.6 34.9 1.2 6.3 30 24 24 30

Office and telecom equipment 22.4 8.2 21.7 2.1 10.2 33 27 24 31 Electrical machinery and apparatus 8.5 4.1 8.2 3.4 14.5 29 15 22 27 Textiles 1.9 4.3 1.8 10.3 12.0 11 5 12 12 Clothing 8.8 22.7 8.5 13.7 13.2 9 -4 4 13 Other consumer goods 42.3 39.1 40.9 11.0 30.2 21 13 15 10 Toys and games 13.3 14.7 12.9 25.0 64.6 19 13 7 5 Footwear 9.5 9.6 9.2 15.7 61.9 20 8 7 7 Travel goods 2.3 4.6 2.2 31.4 50.0 12 0 4 7 Furniture 4.6 1.0 4.5 3.1 23.7 39 43 55 22

European Union (15)


Agricultural products 2.4 12.7 4.0 0.8 1.0 4 4 1 14 Food 1.6 7.8 2.5 0.7 0.8 4 8 -1 15

Mining products 1.2 3.0 2.0 0.8 0.5 12 18 -12 24

Manufactures 57.5 84.1 93.9 8.1 3.2 18 12 14 22 Chemicals 2.5 6.2 4.1 0.1 1.0 12 4 -1 11 Other semi-manufactures 5.0 6.4 8.2 0.6 2.6 19 14 18 22 Machinery and transport equipment 21.2 13.7 34.7 1.3 2.3 28 24 22 35

Office and telecom equipment 11.9 8.8 19.4 0.2 3.8 26 25 19 36 Electrical machinery and apparatus 6.0 2.0 9.8 0.5 5.5 36 21 28 34 Textiles 1.9 8.5 3.1 2.3 3.8 5 8 -1 22 Clothing 8.1 21.5 13.2 5.1 9.4 11 2 11 6 Other consumer goods 18.4 27.4 30.0 2.6 8.2 17 9 13 17 Toys and games 5.4 9.2 8.8 13.7 33.1 16 1 15 20 Footwear 1.8 2.6 2.9 2.6 10.0 18 -2 5 12 Travel goods 2.3 4.7 3.8 19.0 43.3 14 10 10 11 Furniture 1.2 0.8 1.9 0.7 4.9 27 27 33 36

Japan

Total merchandise imports 55.1 100.0 100.0 5.1 14.5 16 -11 16 29

Agricultural products 7.0 23.1 12.7 5.5 11.3 10 -12 14 13 Food 6.0 17.5 10.8 6.2 12.3 11 -9 14 12

Mining products 3.3 28.8 5.9 4.4 3.3 -1 -35 -5 47

Manufactures 44.4 47.6 80.5 5.7 20.9 23 -9 17 30 Chemicals 1.6 4.5 2.9 3.6 6.1 11 -8 4 22 Other semi-manufactures 2.8 2.4 5.1 2.6 18.2 26 -7 15 29 Machinery and transport equipment 13.0 3.8 23.6 1.3 12.2 40 -1 19 41

Office and telecom equipment 6.4 1.4 11.6 1.5 10.5 44 -2 19 51 Electrical machinery and apparatus 4.2 1.2 7.5 3.7 28.1 39 2 23 37 Textiles 2.0 6.7 3.7 19.7 41.2 10 -20 12 18 Clothing 14.7 19.9 26.7 27.5 74.7 20 -9 20 29 Other consumer goods 9.6 7.5 17.5 4.5 26.1 27 -11 17 22 Toys and games 1.8 1.2 3.3 7.6 47.1 29 -10 6 15 Footwear 1.9 1.4 3.5 12.5 65.0 28 -20 21 13 Travel goods 1.3 1.0 2.3 9.6 42.0 26 -15 22 20 Furniture 1.1 0.5 2.0 4.6 29.0 32 -12 34 51

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Table III.77

Merchandise exports of ASEAN countries by region, 1990-00


Destination ASEAN (10) All other regions World

Origin Total Asia Other regions

Value

ASEAN (10) 1990 28.95 115.13 ... ... 144.091995 81.88 239.00 ... ... 320.881999 79.30 279.68 ... ... 358.982000 101.30 326.14 ... ... 427.44

Indonesia 1990 2.57 23.11 15.31 7.80 25.681995 6.50 38.92 22.15 16.77 45.421999 8.28 40.39 21.97 18.42 48.672000 10.89 51.24 28.93 22.31 62.12

Malaysia 1990 8.62 20.80 9.65 11.14 29.421995 20.41 53.51 22.83 30.68 73.911999 20.13 64.33 27.57 36.75 84.462000 26.07 72.17 … … 98.24

Philippines 1990 0.59 7.47 2.59 4.88 8.071995 2.36 15.14 5.04 10.10 17.501999 4.99 31.59 11.55 20.03 36.582000 5.63 34.15 … … 39.78

Singapore a 1990 13.57 39.18 15.16 24.02 52.751995 38.24 80.03 34.81 45.21 118.271999 32.15 82.54 36.18 46.36 114.692000 41.65 96.23 45.15 51.08 137.88

Thailand 1990 2.75 20.32 6.78 13.54 23.071995 12.33 44.11 18.17 25.95 56.441999 10.86 47.58 18.46 29.12 58.442000 13.42 55.64 … … 69.06

Share

ASEAN (10) 1990 20.1 79.9 ... ... 100.02000 23.7 76.3 ... ... 100.0

Indonesia 1990 1.8 16.0 10.6 5.4 17.82000 2.5 12.0 15.4 11.6 14.5

Malaysia 1990 6.0 14.4 6.7 7.7 20.42000 6.1 16.9 … … 23.0

Philippines 1990 0.4 5.2 1.8 3.4 5.62000 1.3 8.0 … … 9.3

Singapore 1990 9.4 27.2 10.5 16.7 36.62000 9.7 22.5 10.6 12.0 32.3

Thailand 1990 1.9 14.1 4.7 9.4 16.02000 3.1 13.0 … … 16.2


ASEAN (10) 1990-00 13 11 ... ... 111999 10 9 ... ... 92000 28 17 ... ... 19

Indonesia 1990-00 16 8 7 11 91999 -11 2 9 -5 02000 31 27 32 21 28

Malaysia 1990-00 12 13 … … 131999 13 16 22 12 152000 30 12 … … 16

Philippines 1990-00 25 16 … … 171999 31 23 37 17 242000 13 8 … … 9

Singapore 1990-00 12 9 12 8 101999 11 2 8 -3 42000 30 17 25 10 20

Thailand 1990-00 17 11 … … 121999 10 7 13 3 72000 24 17 … … 18

a Includes significant re-exports.

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Table III.78

Merchandise imports of ASEAN countries by region, 1990-00


Origin ASEAN (10) All other regions World

Destination Total Asia Other regions

Value

ASEAN (10) 1990 26.31 136.49 ... ... 162.801995 66.88 287.20 ... ... 354.091999 68.67 230.73 ... ... 299.402000 89.89 276.88 ... ... 366.77

Indonesia 1990 1.88 19.96 10.12 9.83 21.841995 4.22 36.41 18.13 18.29 40.631999 4.78 19.22 8.53 10.69 24.002000 6.49 27.03 13.76 13.27 33.52

Malaysia 1990 5.65 23.61 12.12 11.49 29.261995 13.52 64.17 34.85 29.32 77.691999 15.35 49.62 26.72 22.90 64.972000 19.75 49.62 … … 82.21

Philippines 1990 1.37 11.67 5.22 6.45 13.041995 3.36 24.98 12.64 12.34 28.341999 4.76 27.81 14.75 13.06 32.572000 5.39 28.42 … … 33.81

Singapore a 1990 12.45 48.45 20.78 27.67 60.901995 31.50 93.01 44.38 48.63 124.511999 31.30 79.76 33.65 46.11 111.062000 39.93 94.62 41.99 52.62 134.55

Thailand 1990 4.37 29.01 15.82 13.19 33.381995 9.51 61.28 32.62 28.66 70.791999 7.98 42.37 21.48 20.88 50.342000 12.73 49.19 … … 61.92

Share

ASEAN (10) 1990 16.2 83.8 ... ... 100.02000 24.5 75.5 ... ... 100.0

Indonesia 1990 1.2 12.3 6.2 6.0 13.42000 1.8 7.4 3.8 3.6 9.1

Malaysia 1990 3.5 14.5 7.4 7.1 18.02000 5.4 13.5 … … 22.4

Philippines 1990 0.8 7.2 3.2 4.0 8.02000 1.5 7.7 … … 9.2

Singapore 1990 7.6 29.8 12.8 17.0 37.42000 10.9 25.8 11.4 14.3 36.7

Thailand 1990 2.7 17.8 9.7 8.1 20.52000 3.5 13.4 … … 16.9


ASEAN (10) 1990-00 13 7 ... ... 81999 9 7 ... ... 82000 31 20 ... ... 23

Indonesia 1990-00 13 3 3 3 41999 6 -16 -18 -14 -122000 36 41 61 24 40

Malaysia 1990-00 13 8 … … 111999 16 10 15 5 112000 29 0 … … 27

Philippines 1990-00 15 9 … … 101999 1 4 5 2 32000 13 2 … … 4

Singapore 1990-00 12 7 7 7 81999 6 11 19 6 92000 28 19 25 14 21

Thailand 1990-00 11 5 … … 61999 24 16 18 14 172000 60 16 … … 23

a Includes significant imports for re-export.

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Table III.79

Leading exporters and importers of commercial services in Asia, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

Asia 302.8 100.0 100.0 9 -13 4 12

Japan 68.3 31.5 22.6 5 -9 -2 13

Hong Kong, China 42.1 13.8 13.9 9 -6 2 13

China 30.1 4.4 10.0 18 -3 10 15

Korea, Rep. of 29.2 7.0 9.6 12 -2 4 13

Singapore 26.6 9.7 8.8 8 -37 25 13

Taipei, Chinese 20.2 5.3 6.7 11 -2 3 18

Australia 17.8 7.5 5.9 6 -12 7 5

India 17.6 3.5 5.8 14 24 26 26

Malaysia 13.6 2.9 4.5 14 -27 4 15

Thailand 12.8 4.8 4.2 7 -16 11 -12

Indonesia a 4.8 1.9 1.6 7 -36 2 …

New Zealand 4.2 1.8 1.4 6 -13 15 0

Philippines 4.1 2.2 1.4 4 … … -13

Viet Nam a 3.0 0.1 1.0 32 3 4 …

Macau, China 2.6 1.1 0.9 6 -10 -6 -4

Importers

Asia 365.1 100.0 100.0 7 -11 6 8

Japan 115.7 47.1 31.7 3 -9 3 1

China 35.9 2.3 9.8 24 -5 17 16

Korea, Rep. of 33.4 5.6 9.1 13 -17 11 25

Hong Kong, China 26.2 6.2 7.2 9 1 8 3

Taipei, Chinese 25.7 7.8 7.0 6 -4 0 10

Singapore 21.3 4.8 5.8 9 -9 8 13

India 19.9 3.3 5.5 13 16 21 16

Australia 17.7 7.5 4.8 3 -8 6 -1

Malaysia 16.6 3.0 4.5 12 -28 13 13

Thailand 14.7 3.4 4.0 9 -31 13 9

Indonesia a 14.3 3.3 3.9 9 -28 -4 …

Philippines 6.1 1.0 1.7 13 … … -19

New Zealand 4.5 1.8 1.2 3 -8 1 -1

Viet Nam a 3.9 0.1 1.1 41 1 13 …

Pakistan a 2.3 1.0 0.6 2 -20 6 …


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Table III.80

Trade in commercial services of Japan, 2000


Exports Imports


2000 1995 2000 2000 1995 2000


Transportation 25.6 35.2 37.5 35.1 29.6 30.3

Sea transport 16.8 23.1 24.6 21.1 19.0 18.2

Air transport 8.8 12.1 12.8 13.9 10.6 12.1

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

Travel 3.4 5.0 4.9 31.9 30.2 27.6






Computer and information services 1.6 … 2.3 3.1 … 2.7




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IV. Trade by sector1. Overview

0 5 10 15 20

1990

2000

Chart IV.1

World merchandise exports by product, 1990 and 2000

(Share based on value)

Machinery and transp. equip. a

Office and telecom equipment

Mining products

Chemicals

Automotive products


Other consumer goods

Other semi-manufactures

Clothing

Textiles

Iron and steel

a Excluding automotive products and office and telecom equipment (throughout this report they are included with machinery and transport equipment, unless otherwise noted).

Table IV.1

World merchandise exports by product, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

All products a 6186 100.0 100.0 6 -1 4 12

Agricultural products 558 12.2 9.0 3 -5 -3 2

Food 442 9.3 7.2 3 -3 -3 0

Raw materials 116 2.9 1.9 2 -11 -2 10

Mining products 813 14.3 13.1 5 -20 15 42

Ores and other minerals 62 1.6 1.0 2 -8 -5 13

Fuels 631 10.5 10.2 6 -26 22 51

Non-ferrous metals 120 2.1 1.9 5 -5 1 19

Manufactures 4630 70.5 74.9 7 2 4 10

Iron and steel 144 3.1 2.3 3 -2 -12 14

Chemicals 574 8.7 9.3 7 2 4 8

Other semi-manufactures 449 7.8 7.3 5 0 3 8

Machinery and transport equipment 2566 35.8 41.5 8 3 6 11

Automotive products 571 9.4 9.2 6 5 5 4

Office and telecom equipment 940 8.8 15.2 12 1 12 20

Other machinery and transport equipment 1055 17.6 17.1 6 3 1 7

Textiles 157 3.1 2.5 4 -4 -2 7

Clothing 199 3.2 3.2 6 1 0 7

Other consumer goods 541 8.8 8.8 6 1 5 8

a Includes unspecified products. They accounted for 3 per cent of world merchandise exports in 2000.

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1990

1995

2000

0 10 20 30 40 50

Chart IV.2

World exports of commercial services by category, 1990, 1995 and 2000

(Percentage)

Transportation

Travel

Other commercial services

Table IV.2

World exports of commercial services by category, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-2000 1998 1999 2000

All commercial services 1435 100.0 100.0 6 1 2 6

Transportation 330 28.5 23.0 4 -1 0 6

Travel 465 33.9 32.4 6 1 2 5

Other commercial services 640 37.6 44.6 8 2 2 6

Note: Exports of transportation services are significantly under-reported. See the Technical Notes.

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Table IV.3

World trade in agricultural products, 2000


Value 558


1980-85 -2

1985-90 9

1990-00 3

1998 -5

1999 -3

2000 2

Share in world merchandise trade 9.0

Share in world exports of primary products 40.7

Table IV.4

Major regional flows in world exports of agricultural products, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)


2000 1990-00 1999 2000

Intra-Western Europe 174.2 2 -2 -4

Intra-Asia 67.2 5 2 14

North America to Asia 36.0 1 2 10

Intra-North America 33.3 7 7 4

Latin America to North America 21.7 8 2 21

Latin America to Western Europe 18.3 3 -7 -2

2. Agricultural products

Table IV.5

Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share of agricultural products in total merchandise

World 9.0 9.0

North America 10.0 5.9

Latin America 18.4 9.0

Western Europe 9.4 10.0

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 8.9 10.7

Africa 12.9 15.1

Middle East 2.4 13.1

Asia 6.5 9.4

Share of agricultural products in primary products

World 40.7 40.7





Africa 17.7 51.9


Asia 48.0 34.7

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS

Africa

Middle East

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Chart IV.3

Regional shares in world trade in agricultural products,2000(Percentage)

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Table IV.6

Exports of agricultural products by region, 2000


Share in

Value Region’s exports World exports Annual percentage change

2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

World 558.3 - - 100.0 100.0 3 -3 2

Western Europe

World 230.1 100.0 100.0 45.2 41.2 2 -3 -3 Western Europe 174.2 78.2 75.7 35.4 31.2 2 -2 -4 Asia 14.7 4.8 6.4 2.2 2.6 5 13 2 North America 12.9 4.6 5.6 2.1 2.3 4 11 3 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 10.0 3.1 4.4 1.4 1.8 6 -25 0 Africa 7.6 4.1 3.3 1.8 1.4 0 -14 2 Middle East 6.3 3.2 2.7 1.4 1.1 1 3 -1 Latin America 3.5 1.6 1.5 0.7 0.6 1 -15 3

Asia

World 107.2 100.0 100.0 17.4 19.2 4 -1 11 Asia 67.2 56.8 62.7 9.9 12.0 5 2 14 Western Europe 14.8 17.2 13.9 3.0 2.7 2 -9 -1 North America 13.9 11.4 13.0 2.0 2.5 5 2 12 Middle East 4.8 5.1 4.5 0.9 0.9 3 -2 12 Africa 3.1 2.7 2.9 0.5 0.6 5 -4 3 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1.7 5.0 1.6 0.9 0.3 -7 -24 11 Latin America 1.5 1.5 1.4 0.3 0.3 4 -17 14

North AmericaWorld 105.8 100.0 100.0 19.7 19.0 3 -2 6 Asia 36.0 38.7 34.0 7.6 6.5 1 2 10 North America 33.3 21.3 31.5 4.2 6.0 7 7 4 Western Europe 14.8 20.4 14.0 4.0 2.6 -1 -15 4 Latin America 13.9 8.4 13.1 1.7 2.5 7 -10 6 Middle East 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.6 0.6 2 6 11 Africa 3.2 3.2 3.0 0.6 0.6 2 -9 3 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1.2 4.4 1.1 0.9 0.2 -11 -33 -10

Latin America

World 66.0 100.0 100.0 9.6 11.8 5 -7 8 North America 21.7 26.2 32.8 2.5 3.9 8 2 21 Western Europe 18.3 33.5 27.7 3.2 3.3 3 -7 -2 Latin America 11.6 11.3 17.6 1.1 2.1 10 -20 12 Asia 8.6 10.1 13.0 1.0 1.5 8 -5 6 Middle East 1.9 3.1 2.9 0.3 0.3 5 -15 -7 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1.8 13.2 2.8 1.3 0.3 -10 -7 -7 Africa 1.8 2.5 2.7 0.2 0.3 6 -20 2

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS a

World 24.2 100.0 100.0 3.0 4.3 … -9 10 Western Europe 9.2 63.8 38.1 1.9 1.7 1 -8 3 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 8.7 14.1 I 35.8 0.4 I 1.6 … -23 17 Asia 3.9 12.1 15.9 0.4 0.7 10 25 12 North America 0.6 2.8 2.6 0.1 0.1 6 10 -14 Middle East 0.5 1.6 2.1 0.0 0.1 10 3 -8 Africa 0.5 2.7 2.0 0.1 0.1 3 -1 15 Latin America 0.1 2.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 -9 -12 11

Africa

World 18.6 100.0 100.0 3.9 3.3 1 -5 -17 Western Europe 10.4 61.1 56.0 2.4 1.9 0 -8 -12 Asia 3.4 15.1 18.2 0.6 0.6 3 4 -12 Africa 1.8 11.8 9.7 0.5 0.3 -1 -7 -25 North America 0.9 5.3 5.0 0.2 0.2 1 -11 -13 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 0.8 3.5 4.2 0.1 0.1 3 -22 -15 Middle East 0.6 2.3 3.3 0.1 0.1 5 -1 -20 Latin America 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 16 2 -26

Middle East

World 6.4 100.0 100.0 1.1 1.1 4 9 -8 Middle East 2.3 25.5 36.3 0.3 0.4 7 15 -14 Western Europe 2.1 46.4 32.2 0.5 0.4 0 -5 2 Asia 0.8 6.1 13.0 0.1 0.1 12 31 21 All other regions 0.8 18.5 12.4 0.2 0.1 -1 -17 -11

a Includes the intra trade of the Baltic States and the CIS beginning with 1996.

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Table IV.7

Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2000


Share in world Value exports/imports Annual percentage change

2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

United States 70.87 17.0 14.3 12.7 2 -10 -6 7

France 36.52 6.9 9.0 6.5 0 -1 -4 -7

Canada 34.79 5.0 5.4 6.2 5 -9 4 7

Netherlands 34.14 5.7 7.7 6.1 1 -3 3 -3

Germany 27.76 4.2 5.9 5.0 1 5 -4 -8

Belgium 19.86 - - 3.6 - - - -2

Spain 16.88 1.4 2.3 3.0 6 -1 -2 -4

United Kingdom 16.67 3.1 3.6 3.0 1 -7 -9 -6

China 16.38 1.5 2.4 2.9 5 -9 -1 15

Australia 16.37 3.3 2.8 2.9 3 -23 5 7

Italy 16.09 2.1 2.9 2.9 3 2 2 -7

Brazil 15.47 3.4 2.4 2.8 5 -7 -6 -3

Thailand 13.28 1.2 1.9 2.4 5 -12 2 13

Argentina a 11.97 1.9 1.8 2.2 5 2 -14 …

Denmark 10.94 2.1 2.6 2.0 0 -3 -5 -5

Above 15 357.98 61.1 68.0 64.2 - - - -

Importers

United States 66.69 8.7 9.0 11.0 5 1 6 1

Japan 62.19 9.6 11.4 10.3 2 -16 6 4

Germany 41.54 9.7 10.7 6.9 -1 2 -7 -14

United Kingdom 32.49 6.5 6.7 5.4 1 -1 -2 -6

France 30.39 6.1 6.5 5.0 1 3 -5 -4

Italy 29.39 6.3 7.1 4.9 -1 -1 -4 -5

Netherlands 20.90 4.3 4.3 3.5 1 -1 5 -6

China 19.54 1.9 1.8 3.2 10 -14 10 41

Belgium 18.52 - - 3.1 - - - -3

Spain 16.98 1.9 2.8 2.8 3 4 0 -8

Canada b 15.27 1.8 2.0 2.5 5 2 2 7

Korea, Rep. of 12.99 1.5 2.2 2.1 3 -34 19 17

Hong Kong, China 11.73 - - - 3 -13 -11 4

retained imports 6.52 1.0 1.0 1.1 4 -14 -10 5

Mexico b 11.06 1.2 1.2 1.8 7 8 0 15

Russian Fed. c 9.87 - - 1.6 - -27 -23 -7

Above 15 394.32 63.4 69.8 65.2 - - - -

a 1999 instead of 2000.

b Imports are valued f.o.b.

c Includes Secretariat estimates.

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Table IV.8

Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-00


Share in economy’s totalValue merchandise exports

1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

World 414190 I 576710 562270 545640 558280 12.2 9.0

Argentina 7482 11349 13942 11968 ... 60.6 51.3Australia 11628 14717 14516 15292 16366 29.3 25.6Bangladesh 329 446 452 ... ... 19.7 8.9Belgium - - - 20165 19862 - 10.7Belgium-Luxembourg 13064 I 19407 20533 - - 11.1 11.5Belize 99 131 129 143 ... 91.7 86.1Brazil 9779 15673 17065 15980 15467 31.1 28.1Cameroon 723 839 900 ... ... 36.1 53.9Canada 22339 32214 31222 32599 34789 17.5 12.6Chile 2779 5922 5595 5917 6399 33.2 35.2

China 10060 14997 14314 14209 16384 16.2 6.6Colombia 2514 3695 4004 3341 3121 37.2 23.9Costa Rica 927 1848 2365 1950 1812 64.0 30.9Côte d'Ivoire 2374 2793 3224 3178 2646 77.3 65.7Denmark 10648 I 13108 12115 11460 10940 28.9 22.0Ecuador 1236 2389 2854 ... 1948 45.5 40.2Egypt 497 552 580 591 ... 19.2 16.6El Salvador 237 574 595 497 577 40.8 19.7France 37101 I 44265 I 41069 39341 36518 17.1 12.2Germany 24621 I 32296 31674 30249 27762 5.8 5.0

Greece 2584 I 3719 3299 3194 2507 31.9 24.5Guatemala 849 1342 1660 1517 1622 73.0 61.2Honduras 474 592 790 504 ... 57.0 40.4Hungary 2558 3054 I 2967 2502 2445 25.6 8.7Iceland 1274 1371 1462 1411 1258 80.0 65.5India 3506 6322 6235 5835 ... 19.5 16.1Indonesia 4154 8197 7706 7544 7764 16.2 12.5Ireland 5709 I 8987 6930 7102 6687 24.0 8.4Italy 11858 I 16699 17080 17384 16088 7.0 6.8Kenya 559 1158 1244 1095 1062 54.2 61.2

Luxembourg - - - 579 557 - 7.1Madagascar 224 264 116 99 ... 70.2 42.5Malaysia 7495 11571 9539 9214 7681 25.5 7.8Mauritius 396 456 457 388 283 33.2 19.0Morocco 1228 1643 I 1629 1699 1928 28.8 26.0Netherlands 31859 I 42202 34400 35349 34139 24.2 16.1New Zealand 5966 8306 7236 7330 7641 62.9 57.6Nicaragua 295 389 473 431 547 89.5 87.5Pakistan 1081 1272 1306 1205 1234 19.3 13.5Paraguay 863 738 872 624 699 90.0 82.0

Peru 813 1701 1343 1578 1876 25.2 26.8Philippines 1683 2457 2201 1771 2538 20.9 6.4Poland 2268 3036 I 3559 3022 3050 15.8 9.6Portugal 2208 I 2765 2464 2480 2471 13.5 10.6Romania 184 783 746 887 828 3.7 8.0Russian Fed. b - 3534 I 6166 6251 7445 - 7.1South Africa 2881 3433 3841 3540 3383 12.2 11.3Spain 9368 I 15294 18041 17646 16875 16.8 14.8Sri Lanka 758 903 ... 1031 ... 38.2 22.5Sudan ... 620 446 ... ... ... 74.8

Thailand 7786 13911 11523 11762 13278 33.8 19.2Tunisia 418 570 577 685 530 11.8 9.1Turkey 3300 4541 5032 4442 3828 25.5 14.4United Kingdom 14961 I 20451 19484 17686 16668 8.1 5.9United States 59404 80435 69846 65941 70874 15.1 9.1Uruguay 1025 1244 1644 1344 ... 60.6 60.1Zimbabwe 754 926 ... 1141 ... 43.7 60.5

Memorandum item: European Union (15) 175847 I 234125 226917 221574 214566 11.7 9.5 Intra-exports 130571 I 171011 166552 163219 155383 13.3 11.2 Extra-exports 45276 63114 60365 58354 59183 8.6 6.9

a Or nearest year.

b Includes Secretariat estimates.

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Table IV.9

Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-00


Share in economy’s totalmerchandise imports

1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

Algeria 2766 3518 3056 2750 ... 28.5 30.0Austria 4179 I 5898 5893 5952 5487 8.5 8.0Bangladesh 835 1124 1451 … ... 24.3 20.7Belarus - … 1154 1016 ... - 15.2Belgium - - - 19180 18518 - 10.8Belgium-Luxembourg 14740 I 20338 20448 - - 12.3 12.3Brazil 2691 7218 7149 5130 5163 11.9 8.8Cameroon 315 215 261 276 ... 22.5 24.0Canada b 9009 12204 13997 14281 15272 7.7 6.4Chile 461 1252 1443 1360 1421 6.0 7.9

China 7855 16099 12610 13853 19544 14.7 8.7Colombia 593 1657 2018 1615 1736 10.6 14.9Cyprus 405 802 796 747 757 15.8 19.4Denmark 4822 I 6476 6976 6647 6256 14.5 14.0Egypt 3554 4160 4301 4350 ... 38.6 27.2El Salvador 158 441 613 652 692 12.5 14.2France 28894 I 36341 I 33212 31584 30391 12.3 9.9Germany 47206 I 57645 51884 48237 41541 13.3 8.3Greece 3717 I 4784 4716 3986 3415 18.8 12.1Guatemala 196 440 631 640 673 11.9 14.2

Hong Kong, China 8325 13798 12698 11319 11728 9.8 5.5 retained imports 4591 7228 6915 6212 6524 14.6 18.4India 1721 3003 4632 4862 ... 7.3 10.8Indonesia 2126 6103 4704 5476 5727 9.7 17.1Ireland 2569 I 3138 3643 3863 3669 12.4 7.3Israel 1565 2307 2267 2288 2288 9.3 6.0Italy 31332 I 34648 32018 30807 29385 17.2 12.6Japan 50460 74772 56588 59750 62185 21.4 16.4Jordan 709 839 962 873 942 27.3 20.6Korea, Rep. of 9530 14727 9306 11084 12985 13.6 8.1Kuwait 589 1296 1369 1353 ... 14.8 17.8

Luxembourg - - - 1221 1172 - 11.6Madagascar 71 99 86 72 ... 12.5 13.1Mauritius 255 395 411 363 346 15.8 15.7Mexico b 5374 6250 9571 9579 11056 13.3 6.3Morocco 1096 2210 I 1852 1802 2065 16.1 19.4Netherlands 18979 I 25743 21227 22212 20895 15.1 10.6Oman 506 876 971 1088 ... 18.9 23.3Pakistan 1568 2687 2328 2269 1882 20.8 17.0Peru 668 1171 1503 1145 1041 23.6 14.0Philippines 1665 2994 3199 3206 2896 12.8 8.4

Poland 1253 3728 I 4557 4133 4015 10.8 8.1Portugal 3892 I 5775 5841 5943 5294 15.4 14.0Romania 1249 1109 1170 919 1093 16.4 8.4Russian Fed. c - 12702 I 13657 10573 9869 - 22.3Saudi Arabia 3487 4861 4955 5030 5663 14.5 17.3Slovak Rep. b - 974 1066 930 932 - 7.3Spain 12240 I 18805 18438 18361 16977 14.0 11.1Sri Lanka 549 719 ... 879 ... 20.5 14.9Taipei, Chinese 6203 9995 7801 7779 7932 11.3 5.7Thailand 3227 5575 3724 3962 4678 9.7 7.5Tunisia 819 1322 1114 929 926 14.8 10.6

Turkey 2806 4493 4321 3398 4133 12.6 7.7United Kingdom 29578 I 33369 35288 34434 32485 13.3 9.8United States 39966 53056 62395 66138 66691 7.7 5.3Venezuela b 986 2026 1954 1938 2020 14.9 12.9Zimbabwe b 116 209 ... 222 ... 6.3 10.4

Memorandum item: European Union (15) 208502 I 265673 257825 249869 241790 13.4 10.2 Intra-imports d 130913 I 13.3 Extra-imports 77589 94662 91273 86649 86407 13.5 8.9

a Or nearest year.



d See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.

Value

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Table IV.10

World trade in food, 2000


Value 442


1980-85 -2

1985-90 9

1990-00 3

1998 -3

1999 -3

2000 0



Table IV.11

Major regional flows in world exports of food, 2000



2000 1990-00 1999 2000






Latin America to Western Europe 16.0 3 -7 -4

2.1 Food

Table IV.12

Share of food in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share of food in total merchandise

World 7.2 7.2





Africa 9.5 13.2


Asia 5.0 6.9

Share of food in primary products

World 32.3 32.3





Africa 13.1 45.7


Asia 37.0 25.4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America


Africa

Middle East

Chart IV.4

Regional shares in world trade in food, 2000

(Percentage)

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Table IV.13

Exports of food by principal region, 2000


Share in


2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

World 442.3 - - 100.0 100.0 3 -3 0

Western Europe

World 196.5 100.0 100.0 48.7 44.4 3 -2 -4

Western Europe 148.8 77.0 75.7 37.5 33.6 2 -1 -5

North America 11.6 5.1 5.9 2.5 2.6 4 11 3

Asia 11.3 4.9 5.8 2.4 2.6 4 10 -1

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 8.4 3.1 4.3 1.5 1.9 6 -28 -2

Africa 6.6 4.3 3.4 2.1 1.5 0 -13 3

Middle East 5.8 3.5 2.9 1.7 1.3 1 4 -2

Latin America 3.2 1.8 1.6 0.9 0.7 1 -15 3

Asia

World 82.6 100.0 100.0 16.0 18.7 5 -1 9

Asia 50.2 54.3 60.8 8.7 11.3 6 1 12

North America 11.6 13.2 14.0 2.1 2.6 6 6 13

Western Europe 10.7 15.6 13.0 2.5 2.4 3 -6 -5

Middle East 4.5 6.7 5.4 1.1 1.0 3 -2 13

Africa 2.9 3.3 3.5 0.5 0.7 6 -3 2

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1.6 5.2 1.9 0.8 0.4 -5 -26 13

Latin America 1.1 1.5 1.3 0.2 0.3 4 -18 15

North America

World 71.7 100.0 100.0 16.9 16.2 3 -3 3

Asia 25.4 37.1 35.5 6.3 5.8 3 2 6

North America 19.6 18.0 27.3 3.0 4.4 7 5 6

Latin America 10.8 10.1 15.1 1.7 2.4 7 -7 3

Western Europe 8.7 19.4 12.1 3.3 2.0 -2 -18 -7

Africa 2.9 3.9 4.1 0.7 0.7 3 -9 3

Middle East 2.9 4.6 4.0 0.8 0.7 2 7 10

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1.1 6.5 1.5 1.1 0.2 -11 -35 -12

Latin America

World 57.9 100.0 100.0 11.2 13.1 5 -9 7

North America 18.7 26.8 32.2 3.0 4.2 7 1 21

Western Europe 16.0 33.4 27.7 3.7 3.6 3 -7 -4

Latin America 10.5 10.7 18.1 1.2 2.4 11 -21 11

Asia 7.1 8.6 12.2 1.0 1.6 9 -7 6

Middle East 1.9 3.3 3.2 0.4 0.4 5 -15 -7

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1.8 14.5 3.1 1.6 0.4 -10 -7 -7

Africa 1.7 2.7 3.0 0.3 0.4 6 -20 2

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Table IV.14

Imports of food into the European Union, North America and Japan by region, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

European Union (15)

World 196.04 100.0 100.0 2 4 -2 -5

Western Europe 140.42 69.9 71.6 2 5 0 -6

Latin America 18.52 9.9 9.4 2 0 -5 -5

Asia 11.83 5.6 6.0 3 9 -3 -1

North America 9.84 6.0 5.0 0 -2 -9 -1

Africa 9.50 5.1 4.8 2 7 -3 -11

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 4.46 2.3 2.3 2 3 -4 2

Middle East 1.26 1.0 0.6 -2 -6 1 -5

North America a

World 61.63 100.0 100.0 5 3 5 2

North America 18.38 23.1 29.8 8 5 5 8

Latin America 16.75 31.7 27.2 4 -1 1 -3

Asia 12.32 20.4 20.0 5 6 8 5

Western Europe 12.10 21.4 19.6 4 5 9 -1

Africa 1.10 2.1 1.8 4 7 -9 -4

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 0.76 0.9 1.2 8 17 13 -4

Middle East 0.21 0.3 0.3 6 14 0 3

Japan

World 48.58 100.0 100.0 4 -10 6 3

Asia 19.36 37.5 39.8 4 -10 7 5

North America 17.53 40.7 36.1 2 -13 4 4

Western Europe 5.65 11.4 11.6 4 -5 9 2

Latin America 3.45 5.9 7.1 6 -8 -6 -2

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1.44 1.5 3.0 11 -9 23 7

Africa 1.05 2.9 2.2 1 -10 2 -3

Middle East 0.10 0.2 0.2 3 -19 -7 4

a Imports of Canada are valued f.o.b.

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Table IV.15

Leading exporters and importers of food, 2000



2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

United States 53.92 17.6 13.5 12.2 2 -9 -4 4

France 33.16 8.0 10.5 7.5 0 -1 -4 -8

Netherlands 27.92 6.6 8.3 6.3 1 -3 2 -5

Germany 22.85 4.5 6.3 5.2 1 6 -5 -10

Canada 17.63 3.5 3.5 4.0 5 -6 -2 6

Belgium 17.01 - - 3.8 - - - -4

Spain 15.36 1.7 2.6 3.5 6 -1 -2 -6

United Kingdom 15.28 3.5 4.1 3.5 2 -7 -6 -7

Italy 14.43 2.4 3.4 3.3 3 2 1 -8

China 13.56 1.4 2.5 3.1 6 -7 -4 16

Brazil 12.81 4.2 2.8 2.9 4 -8 -9 -7

Australia 12.48 3.3 2.7 2.8 4 -22 10 5

Argentina a 11.47 2.3 2.2 2.6 6 4 -14 …

Thailand 10.48 1.3 2.1 2.4 5 -9 3 5

Denmark 9.70 2.4 3.0 2.2 0 -3 -5 -5

Above 15 288.05 65.2 70.9 65.1 - - - -

Memorandum item:

European Union (15) 182.89 34.8 45.7 41.3 2 1 -1 -4

Intra-exports 133.40 23.5 33.7 30.2 2 4 0 -6

Extra-exports 49.49 11.3 12.0 11.2 3 -6 -4 0

Importers

United States 49.36 8.8 8.9 10.3 5 3 6 1

Japan 48.58 7.2 10.1 10.1 4 -10 6 3

Germany 32.86 9.7 10.6 6.8 -1 2 -6 -16

United Kingdom 26.80 6.6 6.8 5.6 1 1 -2 -8

France 24.48 5.9 6.8 5.1 1 4 -5 -7

Italy 19.93 5.5 6.4 4.2 -1 1 -3 -10

Netherlands 17.28 4.9 4.7 3.6 1 0 5 -8

Belgium 15.14 - - 3.2 - - - -7

Spain 13.98 1.8 2.8 2.9 4 5 0 -9

Canada b 12.03 1.8 2.1 2.5 5 3 2 5

Hong Kong, China 9.17 - - - 3 -13 -11 3


China 9.04 1.4 1.4 1.9 7 -7 1 34

Russian Fed. c 8.92 - - 1.9 - -27 -25 -9

Mexico b 8.56 1.4 1.3 1.8 7 8 3 14

Korea, Rep. of a 6.68 0.9 1.2 1.4 6 -30 18 …

Above 15 299.51 60.3 67.4 62.4 - - - -

a 1999 instead of 2000.



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Table IV.16

World trade in mining products, 2000


Value 813


1980-85 -5

1985-90 2

1990-00 5

1998 -20

1999 15

2000 42



Table IV.18

Share of mining products in trade in total merchandiseand in primary products by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share of mining products in total merchandise

World 13.1 13.1





Africa 59.7 13.9


Asia 7.0 17.7

Share of mining products in primary products

World 59.3 59.3





Africa 82.3 48.1


Asia 52.0 65.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America


Africa

Middle East

Chart IV.5

Regional shares in world trade in mining products, 2000

(Percentage)

Table IV.17

Major regional flows in world exports of mining products, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)


2000 1990-00 1999 2000

Intra-Western Europe 130.2 3 5 27

Middle East to Asia 113.4 9 29 67

Intra-Asia 95.8 6 12 33


C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS to Western Europe 47.2 6 7 54

Africa to Western Europe 38.4 1 14 55

3. Mining products

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Table IV.19

Exports of mining products by region, 2000


Share in


2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

World 813.2 - - 100.0 100.0 5 15 42

Middle East

World 196.0 100.0 100.0 22.4 24.1 6 35 58 Asia 113.4 45.2 57.9 10.1 13.9 9 29 67 Western Europe 29.7 24.9 15.1 5.6 3.6 1 17 47 North America 24.6 14.0 12.6 3.1 3.0 5 56 70 Africa 8.1 3.2 4.1 0.7 1.0 9 31 59 Middle East 6.1 3.4 3.1 0.8 0.7 5 6 73 Latin America 2.0 4.3 1.0 1.0 0.2 -8 -6 61 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 0.2 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 -20 -42 -10

Western Europe

World 172.3 100.0 100.0 24.5 21.2 4 8 30 Western Europe 130.2 80.0 75.6 19.6 16.0 3 5 27 North America 21.8 8.6 12.7 2.1 2.7 8 43 66 Asia 7.0 2.9 4.0 0.7 0.9 7 34 19 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 4.4 1.7 2.6 0.4 0.5 8 -2 18 Africa 3.0 1.7 1.7 0.4 0.4 4 -11 46 Middle East 1.9 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.2 3 -2 25 Latin America 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.2 9 -10 11

Asia

World 115.9 100.0 100.0 13.6 14.3 6 10 32 Asia 95.8 79.7 82.6 10.9 11.8 6 12 33 Western Europe 7.1 6.9 6.2 0.9 0.9 5 -7 19 North America 6.7 8.9 5.8 1.2 0.8 1 1 19 Latin America 1.9 1.0 1.7 0.1 0.2 12 -7 44 All other regions 2.1 1.9 1.8 0.3 0.3 6 15 22


World 93.0 100.0 100.0 8.1 I 11.4 … 4 51 Western Europe 47.2 67.7 50.8 5.5 5.8 6 7 54 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 28.6 17.6 I 30.7 1.4 I 3.5 … -11 43 Asia 5.8 8.4 6.3 0.7 0.7 6 35 68 Latin America 3.8 2.1 4.1 0.2 0.5 17 67 68 North America 3.4 2.5 3.7 0.2 0.4 13 32 -2 All other regions 2.7 1.7 2.9 0.1 0.3 15 -15 325

Africa

World 86.5 100.0 100.0 11.4 10.6 5 24 55 Western Europe 38.4 61.5 44.4 7.0 4.7 1 14 55 North America 21.7 24.7 25.1 2.8 2.7 5 9 72 Asia 15.8 5.9 18.3 0.7 1.9 17 68 51 Africa 3.9 3.3 4.5 0.4 0.5 8 46 51 Latin America 3.6 2.3 4.2 0.3 0.4 11 34 44 All other regions 1.0 1.9 1.1 0.2 0.1 -1 20 13

North America

World 76.0 100.0 100.0 9.8 9.4 5 2 42 North America 50.7 44.3 66.6 4.4 6.2 9 3 66 Latin America 8.6 7.7 11.3 0.8 1.1 9 -1 47 Asia 8.4 25.9 11.1 2.5 1.0 -4 -1 15 Western Europe 7.3 20.0 9.6 2.0 0.9 -3 10 -16 All other regions 1.0 2.0 1.3 0.2 0.1 0 -16 19

Latin America

World 73.4 100.0 100.0 10.1 9.0 4 21 28 North America 34.7 47.2 47.3 4.8 4.3 4 31 23 Latin America 18.0 12.7 24.5 1.3 2.2 11 25 40 Western Europe 11.1 20.7 15.1 2.1 1.4 1 0 25 Asia 7.2 11.6 9.7 1.2 0.9 2 8 27 All other regions 1.3 3.7 1.7 0.4 0.2 -3 -7 19


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3.1 Fuels

Table IV.20

World trade in fuels, 2000


Value 631


1980-85 -5

1985-90 0

1990-00 6

1998 -26

1999 22

2000 51



Table IV.22

Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share of fuels in total merchandise

World 10.2 10.2





Africa 53.8 12.2


Asia 4.8 13.9

Share of fuels in primary products

World 46.0 46.0





Africa 74.1 42.0


Asia 35.6 51.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America


Africa

Middle East

Chart IV.6

Regional shares in world trade in fuels, 2000

(Percentage)

Table IV.21

Major regional flows in world exports of fuels, 2000



2000 1990-00 1999 2000

Middle East to Asia 111.1 9 29 68


Intra-Asia 68.1 6 16 39



Africa to Western Europe 35.3 2 18 62

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Table IV.23

Imports of fuels of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000


United States EU (15) Japan

Annual percentage Annual percentage Annual percentageValue Share change Value Share change Value Share change

2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000

Region

World 139780 100.0 28 76 185085 100.0 12 56 77425 100.0 15 55

Middle East 23684 16.9 52 64 28205 15.2 15 55 47485 61.3 20 66

Western Europe 12819 9.2 43 86 81512 44.0 11 49 106 0.1 59 -54

Africa 20947 15.0 6 84 33252 18.0 11 65 693 0.9 37 19

Asia 4536 3.2 14 54 2195 1.2 -8 20 26632 34.4 10 48

Latin America 41930 30.0 31 68 4360 2.4 15 50 468 0.6 77 8

North America 34225 24.5 16 94 2488 1.3 -20 12 1767 2.3 -15 1

C./E. Europe/

Baltic States/CIS 1637 1.2 153 62 26725 14.4 34 59 273 0.4 -10 32

Suppliers

Saudi Arabia 13957 10.0 26 71 14166 7.7 -1 117 13883 17.9 17 73Canada 34225 24.5 16 94 512 0.3 -1 33 635 0.8 -22 -22Norway 4076 2.9 76 73 28999 15.7 7 93 57 0.1 33 -54United Kingdom 4233 3.0 53 66 18082 9.8 19 95 4 0.0 -19 -5Russian Fed. 857 0.6 129 50 19590 10.6 35 62 272 0.4 -10 32

Above 5 57347 41.0 26 83 81350 44.0 15 88 14851 19.2 12 62

United Arab Emirates 115 0.1 -37 320 523 0.3 -31 320 14628 18.9 6 69Venezuela 17209 12.3 20 70 1814 1.0 25 73 0 0.0 600 -100Netherlands 533 0.4 -7 83 18076 9.8 13 60 4 0.0 13 -70Iran, Islamic Rep. of ... ... ... ... 7553 4.1 9 97 5263 6.8 29 73Iraq 6263 4.5 232 39 8472 4.6 52 118 661 0.9 725 -4

Nigeria 10848 7.8 2 136 5507 3.0 1 111 199 0.3 163 12Kuwait 2802 2.0 7 82 3955 2.1 17 194 4983 6.4 29 66Mexico 13204 9.4 34 78 1685 0.9 21 102 424 0.5 51 37Algeria 2804 2.0 5 49 11948 6.5 15 96 20 0.0 20 -79Indonesia 588 0.4 18 1 338 0.2 -36 52 8370 10.8 19 47

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ... ... ... ... 11789 6.4 18 65 ... ... ... ...Australia 699 0.5 -14 92 1414 0.8 6 29 6044 7.8 -4 26Qatar 108 0.1 281 -1 65 0.0 50 -29 5852 7.6 24 70Oman 39 0.0 -100 … 15 0.0 ... ... 2023 2.6 55 21Angola 3662 2.6 5 43 656 0.4 -6 190 0 0.0 ... -100

Belgium 697 0.5 33 82 5954 3.2 17 108 5 0.0 -3 32Korea, Rep. of 650 0.5 50 100 39 0.0 88 126 3415 4.4 75 74Malaysia 609 0.4 22 111 59 0.0 -67 502 3280 4.2 2 53Germany 518 0.4 27 73 5424 2.9 14 89 14 0.0 28 -22Colombia 4231 3.0 64 16 1001 0.5 -15 62 4 0.0 -8 -78

China 756 0.5 -37 169 461 0.2 -14 32 2182 2.8 -10 59France 629 0.4 -10 184 4058 2.2 8 40 7 0.0 -17 -29United States - - - - 2284 1.2 -27 33 1132 1.5 -7 20Syrian Arab Republic 60 0.0 295 133 2882 1.6 51 48 0 0.0 ... ...Gabon 2230 1.6 13 47 235 0.1 -52 167 0 0.0 4 -100

Egypt 117 0.1 7 90 2040 1.1 -2 81 124 0.2 138 22Brunei Darussalam 204 0.1 … -28 ... ... ... ... 1651 2.1 2 57Singapore 380 0.3 6 85 8 0.0 -69 147 498 0.6 54 23South Africa 51 0.0 -34 144 1757 0.9 -10 50 76 0.1 -40 -32Congo 517 0.4 29 26 173 0.1 -14 8 ... ... ... ...

Above suppliers 127901 91.5 - - 181537 98.1 - - 75711 97.8 - -

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Table IV.23 (continued)

Imports of fuels of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000


China Rep. of Korea and Singapore Total

Annual percentage Annual percentage Annual percentageValue Share change Value Share change Value Share change

2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000

Region

World 20637 100.0 32 132 54348 100.0 25 65 477276 100.0 19 65

Middle East 8666 42.0 8 212 34827 64.1 25 71 142867 29.9 24 69

Western Europe 644 3.1 497 12 642 1.2 149 56 95723 20.1 16 52

Africa 3670 17.8 225 280 2365 4.4 78 2 60927 12.8 14 72

Asia 6558 31.8 21 63 13999 25.8 10 68 53921 11.3 10 54

Latin America 85 0.4 -92 748 600 1.1 80 102 47444 9.9 30 66

North America 103 0.5 -7 -45 1171 2.2 21 15 39753 8.3 8 74

C./E. Europe/

Baltic States/CIS 905 4.4 139 144 740 1.4 117 323 30280 6.3 38 63

Suppliers

Saudi Arabia 1513 7.3 11 145 13458 24.8 19 56 56978 11.9 15 78Canada 1 0.0 -97 91 238 0.4 -25 2 35611 7.5 13 87Norway 305 1.5 325 20 167 0.3 199 2 33604 7.0 15 87United Kingdom 292 1.4 5013 5 91 0.2 470 190 22700 4.8 28 87Russian Fed. 778 3.8 184 137 603 1.1 106 263 22099 4.6 39 65

Above 5 2888 14.0 94 95 14558 26.8 19 58 170993 35.8 19 81

United Arab Emirates 357 1.7 22 126 5902 10.9 16 70 21526 4.5 8 73Venezuela ... ... ... ... 69 0.1 158 177 19133 4.0 21 70Netherlands 2 0.0 53 -81 154 0.3 -18 963 18769 3.9 12 61Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1590 7.7 17 166 3651 6.7 51 68 18057 3.8 23 87Iraq 648 3.1 94 459 947 1.7 246 316 16990 3.6 129 80

Nigeria 274 1.3 - 63 89 0.2 9 -69 16916 3.5 5 116Kuwait 175 0.8 -17 230 4214 7.8 25 69 16128 3.4 21 91Mexico 0 0.0 ... - 28 0.1 -79 580 15342 3.2 33 79Algeria 23 0.1 ... ... 66 0.1 31 -14 14862 3.1 14 81Indonesia 1067 5.2 27 82 3579 6.6 36 44 13943 2.9 21 46

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 25 0.1 -23 50 8 0.0 ... ... 11822 2.5 18 65Australia 389 1.9 114 55 2997 5.5 -6 113 11543 2.4 -2 46Qatar 363 1.8 366 1373 3428 6.3 48 133 9816 2.1 33 91Oman 3259 15.8 -10 415 1958 3.6 26 74 7293 1.5 25 112Angola 1842 8.9 132 418 662 1.2 445 2 6822 1.4 28 80

Belgium 1 0.0 231 -88 6 0.0 -42 24 6664 1.4 19 104Korea, Rep. of 2015 9.8 29 44 318 0.6 14 -10 6438 1.3 48 59Malaysia 361 1.7 45 97 2107 3.9 6 54 6416 1.3 5 61Germany 14 0.1 45 7 8 0.0 37 5 5978 1.3 15 86Colombia ... ... ... ... 0 0.0 ... ... 5236 1.1 44 22

China - - - - 1735 3.2 15 78 5134 1.1 -8 72France 13 0.1 3 45 20 0.0 28 -43 4727 1.0 6 49United States 102 0.5 6 -46 933 1.7 48 18 4451 0.9 -11 22Syrian Arab Republic ... ... ... ... 23 0.0 ... ... 2965 0.6 52 50Gabon 91 0.4 ... - 161 0.3 73 98 2719 0.6 11 52

Egypt 28 0.1 -49 157 240 0.4 81 -30 2550 0.5 13 55Brunei Darussalam ... ... ... ... 606 1.1 -24 85 2523 0.5 6 52Singapore 844 4.1 -17 9 365 0.7 -41 230 2095 0.4 -6 40South Africa 14 0.1 1253 -75 148 0.3 31 -33 2046 0.4 -7 29Congo 294 1.4 27 479 539 1.0 -6 82 1523 0.3 7 66

Above suppliers 16782 81.3 - - 49519 91.1 - - 451420 94.6 - -

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Table IV.24

Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-00


Share in economy’s totalValue merchandise imports

1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

Australia b 2170 2883 2715 3814 5533 5.4 8.2Austria 3147 I 2937 2318 2591 3695 6.4 5.4Bangladesh 566 421 524 ... ... 16.5 7.5Belgium - - - 9417 15387 - 9.0Belgium-Luxembourg 9623 I 9430 8539 - - 8.0 5.1Brazil 6045 6491 5616 5846 8872 26.8 15.1Bulgaria ... 1531 1081 1189 1741 … 26.6Chile 1099 1334 1499 1861 3014 14.3 16.7China 1259 5127 6775 8912 20637 2.4 9.2Croatia - 871 596 859 1145 - 14.5

Cyprus 270 286 243 315 492 10.5 12.6Czech Rep. b - 1978 1866 I 1832 3102 - 9.6Finland 3172 I 2592 2387 2676 4035 11.7 12.0France 22332 I 18546 I 16712 18862 30775 9.5 10.1Germany 31966 I 28760 26294 27305 43356 9.0 8.7Greece 1518 I 1876 2217 1530 3561 7.7 12.6Guatemala 278 410 384 447 620 16.8 13.1Hong Kong, China 1996 3705 3201 3681 4534 2.4 2.1 retained imports 1567 2126 1974 3131 4103 5.0 11.6Hungary 1470 1805 I 1685 1715 2690 14.2 8.4India 6495 8661 8045 14343 ... 27.5 32.0

Indonesia 1937 3007 2686 3726 6071 8.9 18.1Israel 1354 1673 1804 2142 3587 8.1 9.4Italy 18816 I 14950 12010 14172 23030 10.3 9.9Japan 57453 53916 43273 49885 77425 24.4 20.4Jordan 471 477 355 450 194 18.1 4.2Kenya 424 413 578 439 642 20.0 20.1Korea, Rep. of 11023 19013 18195 22875 38077 15.8 23.7Luxembourg - - - 392 568 - 5.6Mauritius 132 138 138 161 244 8.2 11.1Morocco 1168 1173 I 924 1324 2010 17.2 18.9

Netherlands 13221 I 12110 10480 12698 19911 10.5 10.1New Zealand 727 744 749 880 1446 7.6 10.3Pakistan 1529 1890 1481 2098 3598 20.3 32.5Panama 244 342 320 408 ... 15.9 11.6Peru 327 664 649 660 1099 11.6 14.8Philippines 1943 2623 2230 2566 4110 14.9 11.9Poland 2533 2651 I 2964 3281 5297 21.9 10.7Portugal 2734 I 2729 2047 2692 4016 10.8 10.6Romania 2906 2195 1431 1051 1583 38.2 12.1Singapore 9632 10030 8173 10080 16272 15.8 12.1 retained imports 9545 9934 8074 9966 16159 22.2 21.4

Slovak Rep. b - 1535 I 1427 1457 2218 - 17.3South Africa b ... 2225 2229 2438 ... ... 10.1Spain 10331 I 9442 8575 10577 18550 11.8 12.1Sri Lanka 333 370 ... 306 ... 12.4 5.2Sweden 4963 I 3589 3565 4090 6596 9.1 9.1Taipei, Chinese 5953 7142 6721 8170 13038 10.9 9.3Thailand 3084 4775 3436 4830 7962 9.2 12.8Tunisia 493 572 433 556 898 8.9 10.3Turkey 4622 4619 3621 5375 7515 20.7 13.9Ukraine c - ... 6065 5383 ... - 45.4

United States 68741 62984 62152 79273 139780 13.3 11.1Zimbabwe b 288 239 ... 245 ... 15.6 11.5


a Or nearest year.b Imports are valued f.o.b.c Includes Secretariat estimates.d See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.

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4. Manufactures

Table IV.25

World trade in manufactures, 2000


Value 4630


1980-85 2

1985-90 15

1990-00 7

1998 2

1999 4

2000 10


Table IV.27

Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share of manufactures in total merchandise

World 74.9 74.9





Africa 24.6 68.4


Asia 84.2 70.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America


Africa

Middle East

Chart IV.7

Regional shares in world trade in manufactures, 2000

(Percentage)

Table IV.26

Major regional flows in world exports of manufactures, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)


2000 1990-00 1999 2000

Intra-Western Europe 1290.0 3 1 -1

Intra-Asia 626.0 12 14 25

Asia to North America 396.0 7 9 15


Asia to Western Europe 249.4 7 4 11

Western Europe to North America 224.9 8 10 11

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Table IV.28

Exports of manufactures by region, 2000


Share in


2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

World 4630.0 - - 100.0 100.0 7 4 10

Western EuropeWorld 1959.3 100.0 100.0 54.2 42.3 4 0 2 Western Europe 1290.0 70.6 65.8 38.3 27.9 3 1 -1 North America 224.9 8.3 11.5 4.5 4.9 8 10 11 Asia 172.6 8.2 8.8 4.4 3.7 5 2 13 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 111.5 4.1 5.7 2.2 2.4 8 -9 11 Middle East 50.2 2.8 2.6 1.5 1.1 3 -6 5 Latin America 48.8 2.0 2.5 1.1 1.1 7 -12 4 Africa 47.1 3.4 2.4 1.8 1.0 1 -6 -2

AsiaWorld 1389.3 100.0 100.0 24.5 30.0 9 9 18 Asia 626.0 36.0 45.1 8.8 13.5 12 14 25 North America 396.0 33.0 28.5 8.1 8.6 7 9 15 Western Europe 249.4 22.0 18.0 5.4 5.4 7 4 11 Latin America 37.8 2.0 2.7 0.5 0.8 12 -8 21 Middle East 34.7 2.9 2.5 0.7 0.7 7 -7 13 Africa 17.6 1.4 1.3 0.3 0.4 8 1 3 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 13.1 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.3 4 -8 21

North AmericaWorld 824.9 100.0 100.0 15.2 17.8 9 6 11 North America 313.8 35.9 38.0 5.5 6.8 9 12 8 Asia 178.4 23.1 21.6 3.5 3.9 8 5 17 Western Europe 161.2 25.1 19.5 3.8 3.5 6 5 9 Latin America 143.8 11.7 17.4 1.8 3.1 13 1 19 Middle East 15.6 2.3 1.9 0.3 0.3 6 -12 -11 All other regions 12.3 1.9 1.5 0.3 0.3 6 -17 8

Latin AmericaWorld 217.2 100.0 100.0 2.3 4.7 15 8 22 North America 163.7 59.7 75.4 1.4 3.5 17 17 23 Latin America 31.9 16.6 14.7 0.4 0.7 13 -20 19 Western Europe 13.8 13.2 6.3 0.3 0.3 7 13 14 Asia 5.7 7.4 2.6 0.2 0.1 3 9 20 All other regions 1.7 3.1 0.8 0.1 0.0 0 -19 19

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS aWorld 146.7 100.0 100.0 2.1 I 3.2 … -3 17 Western Europe 87.2 43.5 59.5 0.9 1.9 15 3 15 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 34.0 32.0 I 23.1 0.7 I 0.7 … -19 23 Asia 9.3 12.3 6.3 0.3 0.2 4 22 11 North America 7.3 2.4 5.0 0.0 0.2 20 -5 17 Middle East 2.7 3.4 1.9 0.1 0.1 5 -23 26 Latin America 2.2 3.5 1.5 0.1 0.0 2 -4 26 Africa 1.7 2.9 1.1 0.1 0.0 2 -5 2

Middle EastWorld 57.0 100.0 100.0 0.8 1.2 11 15 24 Western Europe 16.0 32.4 28.1 0.3 0.3 9 4 24 North America 15.3 16.4 26.9 0.1 0.3 17 15 40 Asia 10.2 19.6 17.9 0.2 0.2 10 27 29 Middle East 7.8 17.9 13.7 0.1 0.2 8 5 24 Africa 2.1 2.6 3.7 0.0 0.0 15 -6 15 All other regions 2.0 7.5 3.6 0.1 0.0 3 -8 7

AfricaWorld 35.6 100.0 100.0 0.9 0.8 6 1 13 Western Europe 21.1 62.1 59.3 0.5 0.5 5 3 12 Africa 5.2 11.6 14.7 0.1 0.1 8 -6 8 North America 3.7 5.9 10.4 0.1 0.1 12 0 24 Asia 3.6 10.5 10.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 18 All other regions 1.4 9.4 4.0 0.1 0.0 -3 -8 17


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Table IV.29

Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union and Japan by region, 2000


Exports Imports

Annual percentage Annual percentageValue Share change Value Share change

2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

United States

650.2 100.0 100.0 8 3 13 World 969.1 100.0 100.0 10 11 15

155.3 23.4 23.9 9 8 8 North America 156.4 16.4 16.1 10 14 11

141.3 14.2 21.7 13 1 20 Latin America 142.5 8.2 14.7 17 15 21

153.6 29.9 23.6 6 4 9 Western Europe 204.8 24.1 21.1 8 9 11

C./E. Europe/

4.4 0.4 0.7 13 -22 7 Baltic States/CIS 9.6 0.3 1.0 25 -8 40

7.3 1.8 1.1 4 -16 12 Africa 3.8 0.3 0.4 12 5 17

15.0 2.7 2.3 7 -13 -11 Middle East 15.0 0.9 1.5 16 11 37

173.2 27.6 26.6 8 4 18 Asia 437.1 49.7 45.1 9 11 15

European Union (15)

1831.4 100.0 100.0 4 1 2 World 1783.6 100.0 100.0 5 3 2

208.9 8.4 11.4 8 10 10 North America 184.8 8.7 10.4 7 5 9

45.9 1.9 2.5 7 -12 4 Latin America 13.7 0.8 0.8 5 5 14

1208.6 71.1 66.0 4 1 -1 Western Europe 1174.8 74.5 65.9 3 1 -2

C./E. Europe/

105.3 4.0 5.7 8 -9 11 Baltic States/CIS 80.1 1.8 4.5 15 7 10

44.6 3.4 2.4 1 -6 -1 Africa 21.6 0.9 1.2 7 3 12

45.4 2.7 2.5 4 -7 5 Middle East 13.3 0.6 0.7 8 1 12

159.7 7.9 8.7 5 2 13 Asia 287.1 12.3 16.1 8 6 11

Japan

449.7 100.0 100.0 5 8 14 World 212.7 100.0 100.0 8 12 20

144.3 34.5 32.1 4 9 11 North America 52.5 30.5 24.7 6 -1 10

12.9 2.6 2.9 6 -18 15 Latin America 2.1 1.5 1.0 3 20 52

79.1 22.5 17.6 2 3 4 Western Europe 42.3 34.7 19.9 2 9 9

C./E. Europe/

2.4 1.1 0.5 -2 -15 25 Baltic States/CIS 1.0 0.7 0.4 3 7 43

4.0 1.5 0.9 0 -6 -8 Africa 0.6 0.4 0.3 4 -17 40

9.6 3.2 2.1 1 -20 -2 Middle East 1.2 1.2 0.6 0 8 4

190.6 33.3 42.4 8 15 25 Asia 113.0 31.0 53.1 14 22 29

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Table IV.30

Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2000



2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

United States 650.2 13.0 12.2 14.0 8 1 3 13

Germany 458.7 14.8 15.7 9.9 2 5 -1 -1

Japan 449.7 11.2 11.5 9.7 5 -8 8 14

France 245.0 7.4 6.7 5.3 4 8 -1 3

United Kingdom 229.6 7.5 6.1 5.0 5 -1 -3 2

China a 219.9 0.8 1.9 4.7 17 3 7 28

Italy 209.9 6.0 6.2 4.5 4 2 -3 1

Hong Kong, China 192.5 - - - 10 -7 1 17

domestic exports 22.1 1.2 1.1 0.5 -2 -10 -9 6

re-exports 170.4 - - - 13 -6 3 18

Canada 175.6 2.7 3.1 3.8 9 4 13 10

Korea, Rep. of 154.6 1.4 2.5 3.3 10 -3 13 20

Belgium 147.6 - - 3.2 - - - 5

Taipei, Chinese 140.9 1.6 2.6 3.0 9 -9 8 22

Mexico a 138.6 0.2 1.1 3.0 19 12 16 19

Netherlands 124.4 3.4 3.3 2.7 5 -10 2 4

Singapore 118.0 0.8 1.6 2.5 12 -11 6 20

domestic exports 63.6 0.3 1.0 1.4 10 -10 8 10

re-exports 54.4 0.5 0.6 1.2 15 -13 3 33

Above 15 3484.7 75.9 79.2 75.3 - - - -

Importers

United States 969.1 11.2 15.4 20.0 10 8 11 15

Germany 337.1 8.8 10.4 7.0 3 10 1 -3

United Kingdom 274.8 6.4 6.9 5.7 5 4 2 4

France 240.2 6.5 7.1 5.0 3 12 0 5

Japan 212.7 2.3 4.1 4.4 8 -13 12 20

Canada b 200.7 3.7 3.8 4.2 8 4 8 9

Hong Kong, China 192.7 - - - 11 -11 -2 20


China a 169.9 1.1 1.7 3.5 15 3 17 28

Italy 160.4 4.0 4.6 3.3 4 9 3 2

Mexico a, b 151.2 1.3 1.3 3.1 17 13 16 24

Belgium 135.2 - - 2.8 - - - 4

Netherlands 129.0 3.7 3.6 2.7 4 -1 7 1

Spain 111.4 1.1 2.5 2.3 6 14 11 -2

Taipei, Chinese 110.6 0.9 1.5 2.3 12 -4 10 27

Singapore 110.1 1.2 1.8 2.3 10 -21 8 19

retained imports 55.7 0.7 1.3 1.2 6 -28 13 8

Above 15 3334.7 56.7 69.2 69.0 - - - -

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones.


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Table IV.31

Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

World 2390.00 I 3641.80 4055.70 4217.30 4630.00 70.5 74.9

Argentina 3.57 7.10 9.22 7.40 ... 28.9 31.7Australia 6.90 14.27 14.06 14.94 15.23 17.4 23.8Austria 36.79 I 46.81 50.46 49.40 48.34 89.1 75.6Bangladesh 1.21 2.90 4.59 … … 72.2 90.7Belarus - … 5.48 4.44 … - 74.9Belgium b - - - 141.03 147.55 - 79.3Belgium-Luxembourg b 91.19 I 128.49 139.73 - - 77.5 78.1Brazil 16.14 24.58 27.51 25.51 31.80 51.4 57.7Bulgaria … 3.10 2.68 2.37 2.83 … 59.9Canada 73.31 118.22 140.24 159.03 175.64 57.4 63.5

China c 44.31 124.84 160.34 172.06 219.86 71.4 88.2Croatia - 3.42 3.47 3.24 3.22 - 73.2Czech Rep. c - 18.00 23.00 I 23.12 25.55 - 88.1Denmark 20.93 I 29.16 30.98 32.45 31.57 56.8 63.6Egypt 1.09 1.39 1.41 1.30 ... 42.3 36.5Finland 22.12 I 33.63 37.02 35.60 38.71 83.3 84.8France 161.31 I 218.05 I 240.11 238.54 244.99 74.5 82.2Germany 375.65 I 453.44 468.07 465.34 458.72 89.2 83.2Greece 4.26 I 5.37 5.82 5.00 4.83 52.5 47.2Hong Kong, China 75.64 160.77 162.91 164.70 192.50 91.8 95.1 domestic exports 27.41 28.02 23.06 20.89 22.14 94.5 93.5 re-exports 48.23 132.75 139.85 143.82 170.36 90.3 95.3

Hungary c 6.28 8.70 I 19.03 21.58 24.49 62.8 87.2India b 12.52 23.21 25.21 29.02 ... 69.7 79.9Indonesia 9.04 22.96 21.55 26.20 35.24 35.2 56.7Ireland 16.44 I 31.12 53.47 60.34 65.51 69.2 82.0Israel b 10.43 16.96 21.51 24.06 29.55 86.3 94.3Italy 148.08 I 206.15 216.01 208.46 209.87 87.0 88.3Japan 275.13 421.62 365.56 393.14 449.69 95.7 93.8Korea, Rep. of 60.60 114.40 114.21 128.67 154.62 93.2 89.8Luxembourg - - - 6.23 6.23 - 79.4Macau, China 1.67 1.94 2.07 2.14 2.48 98.6 98.1

Malaysia c 15.82 55.09 57.65 67.84 81.30 53.8 82.8Mauritius 0.80 1.08 1.23 1.17 1.21 67.3 80.8Mexico c 25.26 61.64 99.88 115.98 138.57 62.0 83.3Morocco c 2.21 2.43 I 4.69 4.90 4.59 51.8 61.8Netherlands 77.82 I 110.80 117.76 119.74 124.41 59.1 58.5New Zealand 2.39 4.20 3.78 3.97 3.99 25.2 30.0Norway 11.13 13.59 14.39 14.37 13.27 32.7 22.1Pakistan 4.39 6.77 7.14 7.06 7.80 78.6 85.0Philippines c 5.66 13.78 26.46 32.16 34.75 70.1 87.4Poland 8.47 16.27 I 21.77 21.54 25.32 59.1 80.0

Portugal 13.07 I 19.36 20.96 21.13 19.66 79.6 84.3Romania 3.60 6.12 6.69 6.66 7.95 72.6 76.7Russian Fed. d - 21.68 I 22.78 20.27 25.35 - 24.1Singapore 37.55 99.04 92.93 98.54 118.04 71.2 85.6 domestic exports 23.76 57.87 53.20 57.68 63.65 68.2 80.8 re-exports 13.79 41.16 39.73 40.87 54.40 77.0 92.0Slovak Rep. - 6.98 I 9.21 8.71 9.95 - 83.6Slovenia - 7.44 8.14 7.71 ... - 89.6Spain 41.68 I 69.74 84.72 87.10 87.78 74.9 77.2Sri Lanka 1.02 2.78 ... 3.35 ... 51.3 73.1Sweden 47.45 I 60.88 69.74 69.92 71.55 82.5 82.3Switzerland 59.59 76.10 73.31 74.07 73.88 93.4 90.6

Taipei, Chinese 62.05 104.88 107.13 115.68 140.88 92.4 95.0Thailand 14.58 41.22 39.33 43.15 54.88 63.2 79.5Tunisia 2.42 4.35 4.72 4.61 4.51 68.6 77.1Turkey 8.78 16.04 20.66 21.02 22.31 67.7 84.0Ukraine - … 8.58 7.59 ... - 65.6United Kingdom 146.71 I 197.60 233.14 224.98 229.56 79.2 80.8United States 290.49 450.28 558.11 575.33 650.17 73.8 83.2

Memorandum item: European Union (15) 1203.33 I 1610.60 1786.28 1795.29 1831.40 79.8 81.4 Intra-exports 771.74 I 991.03 1102.67 1114.57 1095.76 78.8 78.7 Extra-exports 431.60 619.57 683.61 680.72 735.64 81.6 85.6

a Or nearest year.b Includes significant exports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in exports of manufactures was 9 per cent for Belgium, 22 per cent for India,and 32 per cent for Israel.c Includes significant exports from processing zones.d Includes Secretariat estimates.

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Table IV.32

Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

Algeria 6.66 6.97 6.09 6.15 … 68.6 67.1Argentina 3.10 17.20 27.81 22.59 … 76.0 88.5Australia b 31.61 49.14 51.40 55.47 56.61 78.9 83.8Austria 40.67 I 54.18 56.07 55.43 52.72 82.8 76.6Belgium c - - - 130.34 135.23 - 79.0Belgium-Luxembourg c 88.78 I 116.03 131.05 - - 74.2 78.6Brazil 12.62 38.18 46.45 39.24 43.01 56.0 73.4Canada b 92.90 135.70 169.70 183.52 200.75 79.7 83.6Chile 5.29 11.80 13.79 10.41 11.86 68.9 65.5China d 42.39 103.41 113.05 132.77 169.88 79.5 75.5

Colombia 4.28 10.78 11.66 8.41 9.19 76.5 78.7Croatia - 5.00 6.29 5.70 5.78 - 73.0Czech Rep. b, d - 19.82 23.32 I 23.10 25.64 - 79.5Denmark 23.07 I 31.37 35.14 34.29 33.84 69.2 75.9Egypt 5.18 7.11 9.73 9.39 … 56.2 58.6Estonia - 1.80 3.50 I 3.03 3.84 - 90.1Finland 20.56 I 21.87 24.78 23.84 24.63 76.2 73.1France 172.11 I 208.03 I 227.18 227.92 240.16 73.4 78.6Germany 252.63 I 332.62 343.85 346.47 337.10 71.0 67.4Greece 13.90 I 18.31 22.39 20.20 17.65 70.3 62.5

Hong Kong, China 70.53 170.56 164.10 161.03 192.67 83.2 89.9 retained imports 22.30 37.81 24.25 17.21 22.31 71.2 63.0Hungary d 7.27 11.63 I 21.67 24.25 27.08 70.3 84.4India c 12.17 19.31 20.09 22.79 … 51.5 50.8Indonesia 16.64 29.57 18.89 13.89 20.48 76.2 61.0Ireland 15.74 I 24.47 35.88 38.46 41.45 76.1 82.6Israel c 11.68 23.15 22.57 25.87 29.04 69.5 76.2Italy 113.13 I 134.78 152.68 157.25 160.37 62.2 68.7Japan 99.95 177.91 158.73 177.67 212.67 42.5 56.0Korea, Rep. of 44.10 89.85 54.51 74.52 97.32 63.1 60.6Kuwait 2.61 6.29 6.87 5.95 … 65.6 78.1

Luxembourg - - - 7.74 6.99 - 68.8Malaysia d 22.87 64.42 48.63 54.33 70.31 78.2 85.5Mauritius 1.28 1.44 1.60 1.72 1.47 79.2 66.6Mexico b, d 32.48 58.08 105.89 122.39 151.18 80.6 86.7Netherlands 88.95 I 113.43 119.89 128.18 128.96 70.5 65.5New Zealand 7.56 11.50 9.03 11.75 10.81 79.6 76.8Norway 21.40 25.96 30.82 27.57 27.52 78.6 81.5Pakistan 3.99 6.63 5.05 5.21 5.09 52.8 46.0Peru 1.61 5.69 5.99 4.98 5.68 57.0 76.5Philippines d 8.96 21.94 25.26 25.86 25.74 68.7 74.4

Poland 7.26 21.61 I 37.76 37.17 38.14 62.8 77.4Portugal 18.11 I 24.12 28.30 30.26 27.69 71.7 73.1Romania 2.95 6.48 8.62 8.01 9.82 38.8 75.3Russian Fed. e - 28.45 I 41.12 26.88 30.77 - 69.6Saudi Arabia 18.23 20.67 21.96 20.47 22.05 75.7 67.2Singapore 44.42 103.32 85.25 92.42 110.14 72.9 81.8 retained imports 30.63 62.15 45.51 51.55 55.75 71.2 73.8Slovak Rep. b - 5.75 I 10.11 8.48 9.05 - 70.8Slovenia - 7.00 8.04 8.01 … - 80.5South Africa b … 20.81 18.41 17.38 18.72 … 69.9Spain 61.65 I 80.22 102.17 113.76 111.36 70.3 72.5

Sweden 42.77 I 49.30 52.91 52.79 54.22 78.8 74.6Switzerland 58.01 68.29 67.02 68.09 69.01 83.3 83.6Taipei, Chinese 36.77 76.85 79.29 87.27 110.64 67.1 79.0Thailand 24.83 56.70 32.90 38.89 50.16 74.4 80.9Tunisia 3.91 5.75 6.58 6.65 6.40 70.5 73.2Turkey 13.63 24.41 34.64 29.93 38.16 61.1 70.7United Kingdom 169.49 I 211.58 260.06 264.68 274.84 76.0 82.9United States 375.65 607.82 757.56 842.84 969.10 72.7 77.0Venezuela b 5.05 8.24 11.68 11.02 12.73 76.5 81.2

Memorandum item: European Union (15) 1121.53 I 1487.93 1704.15 1749.98 1783.59 72.0 75.5 Intra-imports f 772.63 I 78.7 Extra-imports 348.89 496.91 601.48 635.41 687.83 60.5 71.2

a Or nearest year.b Imports are valued f.o.b.c Includes significant imports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in total imports of manufactures was 10 per cent for Belgium, 23 per cent for Indiaand 23 per cent for Israel.d Includes significant imports into processing zones.e Includes Secretariat estimates.f See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.

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4.1 Iron and steel

Table IV.33

World trade in iron and steel, 2000


Value 144


1980-85 -2

1985-90 9

1990-00 3

1998 -2

1999 -12

2000 14


Share in world exports of manufactures 3.1

Table IV.35

Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandiseand in manufactures by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share of iron and steel in total merchandise

World 2.3 2.3





Africa 1.9 2.8

Middle East 0.5 3.3

Asia 2.1 2.4

Share of iron and steel in manufactures

World 3.1 3.1





Africa 7.6 4.0

Middle East 2.4 4.4

Asia 2.5 3.4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America


Africa

Middle East

Chart IV.8

Regional shares in world trade in iron and steel, 2000

(Percentage)

Table IV.34

Major regional flows in world exports of iron and steel, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)


2000 1990-00 1999 2000

Intra-Western Europe 50.1 0 -11 5


C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS to

Western Europe 6.5 8 -23 43

Intra-North America 6.2 8 -4 12

Western Europe to North America 5.8 3 -11 29

Asia to North America 5.2 4 -30 14

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Table IV.36

Exports of iron and steel by principal region, 2000


Share in


2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

World 143.5 - - 100.0 100.0 3 -12 14

Western Europe

World 66.2 100.0 100.0 61.0 46.1 0 -13 7

Western Europe 50.1 74.9 75.6 45.7 34.9 0 -11 5

North America 5.8 6.8 8.8 4.1 4.0 3 -11 29

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 3.0 3.5 4.6 2.2 2.1 3 -6 6

Asia 3.0 5.8 4.5 3.5 2.1 -2 -9 11

Middle East 1.6 3.6 2.4 2.2 1.1 -4 -27 2

Africa 1.4 3.7 2.2 2.2 1.0 -5 -32 -2

Latin America 1.2 1.7 1.8 1.1 0.8 1 -27 6

Asia

World 35.2 100.0 100.0 19.5 24.5 5 -10 20

Asia 24.0 63.8 68.3 12.5 16.7 6 4 20

North America 5.2 17.7 14.9 3.5 3.7 4 -30 14

Western Europe 2.4 4.9 6.7 1.0 1.6 9 -43 32

Middle East 1.3 5.7 3.8 1.1 0.9 1 -14 7

Latin America 1.0 2.2 2.9 0.4 0.7 8 -21 19

All other regions 0.6 3.8 1.7 0.7 0.4 -2 -34 -5

Japan

World 14.8 100.0 100.0 11.8 10.3 2 -9 10

Asia 11.1 60.5 74.9 7.2 7.7 4 12 15

North America 1.6 19.3 11.1 2.3 1.1 -4 -51 -6

Latin America 0.7 3.1 4.4 0.4 0.5 5 -23 27

Western Europe 0.6 5.2 4.2 0.6 0.4 -1 -35 1

Middle East 0.5 6.2 3.6 0.7 0.4 -4 -14 -15

All other regions 0.3 5.7 1.9 0.7 0.2 -9 -18 -9

Other economies in Asia

World 20.3 100.0 100.0 7.7 14.2 10 -11 27

Asia 12.9 69.0 63.5 5.3 9.0 9 -2 24

North America 3.6 15.2 17.7 1.2 2.5 11 -7 26

Western Europe 1.7 4.3 8.6 0.3 1.2 17 -46 47

Middle East 0.8 4.9 4.0 0.4 0.6 7 -14 29



World 20.0 100.0 100.0 6.0 I 14.0 … -13 30

Western Europe 6.5 46.7 32.5 2.8 4.5 8 -23 43

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 4.4 14.8 I 21.9 0.9 I 3.1 … -30 41

Asia 4.1 26.3 20.7 1.6 2.9 9 51 10

North America 1.7 1.4 8.4 0.1 1.2 35 -38 22



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Table IV.37

Iron and steel imports of the European Union and the United States by region and supplier, 2000


European Union (15) United States


2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 57093 100.0 -13 8 World 18400 100.0 -21 12

Western Europe 46350 81.2 -11 5 Western Europe 4955 26.9 -16 14

C./E. Europe/ Asia 4889 26.6 -30 8

Baltic States/CIS 4710 8.2 -21 22 Latin America 3393 18.4 -3 11

Asia 2455 4.3 -38 35 North America 2926 15.9 -6 9

Latin America 1350 2.4 -4 25 C./E. Europe/

Africa 1208 2.1 -15 30 Baltic States/CIS 1641 8.9 -50 33

North America 804 1.4 0 6 Africa 549 3.0 -17 12

Middle East 174 0.3 -42 159 Middle East 47 0.3 -7 87

Suppliers Suppliers

European Union (15) 43489 76.2 -11 5 European Union (15) 4529 24.6 -16 13

Russian Fed. 1332 2.3 -10 45 Canada 2926 15.9 -6 9

South Africa 864 1.5 -18 32 Japan 1412 7.7 -49 -20

Norway 843 1.5 -20 -1 Brazil 1353 7.4 -6 16

Switzerland 759 1.3 -7 8 Mexico 1311 7.1 -4 4

Above 5 47287 82.8 -11 6 Above 5 11531 62.7 -20 6

Poland 739 1.3 2 18 Korea, Rep. of 1052 5.7 -21 -1

Turkey 730 1.3 -23 32 Taipei, Chinese 670 3.6 39 36

Czech Rep. 683 1.2 -11 7 China 646 3.5 -9 57

United States 663 1.2 -5 8 Russian Fed. 518 2.8 -72 18

Brazil 655 1.1 -16 23 South Africa 502 2.7 -17 14

Korea, Rep. of 511 0.9 -44 30 Ukraine 455 2.5 -23 79

Japan 408 0.7 -25 6 India 399 2.2 -10 93

China 375 0.7 -38 68 Venezuela 322 1.8 -5 16

Ukraine 371 0.6 -22 -4 Australia 236 1.3 -24 2

Slovak Rep. 356 0.6 -25 10 Thailand 200 1.1 30 96

Taipei, Chinese 310 0.5 -49 32 Turkey 198 1.1 -32 52

Bulgaria 306 0.5 -35 35 Kazakhstan 185 1.0 63 43

Romania 305 0.5 -43 9 Argentina 175 1.0 37 12

Hungary 257 0.5 -28 16 Romania 132 0.7 17 20

India 254 0.4 -40 29 Indonesia 117 0.6 -23 -11

Slovenia 183 0.3 0 8 Norway 116 0.6 11 -1

Argentina 173 0.3 65 34 Poland 97 0.5 -14 109

Colombia 171 0.3 18 47 Trinidad and Tobago 85 0.5 9 -14

TFYR Macedonia 163 0.3 -41 65 Moldova, Rep. of 78 0.4 -10 0

Kazakhstan 151 0.3 -12 24 Dominican Republic 74 0.4 25 61

New Caledonia 132 0.2 -11 55 Malaysia 66 0.4 41 54

Australia 131 0.2 -43 21 Latvia 54 0.3 37 -31

Thailand 130 0.2 -46 195 TFYR Macedonia 50 0.3 -48 145

Mexico 125 0.2 -21 45 Colombia 47 0.3 9 91

Iran, Islamic Rep. of 108 0.2 -60 192 Czech Rep. 40 0.2 -48 66

Above 30 55677 97.5 - - Above 30 18044 98.1 - -

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Table IV.38

Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2000



2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

Japan 14.83 20.4 11.8 10.3 2 -7 -9 10

Germany 13.39 15.1 15.1 9.3 -2 2 -17 3

France 9.36 9.5 8.5 6.5 0 2 -9 9

Belgium 8.10 - - 5.6 - - - 12

Italy 6.81 4.9 5.6 4.7 1 -1 -19 16

Russian Fed. a 6.63 - - 4.6 - -23 -15 33

United States 6.32 4.2 3.3 4.4 6 -3 -10 16

Korea, Rep. of b 5.91 2.2 3.4 4.7 6 26 -18 …

Taipei, Chinese 4.53 0.4 0.8 3.2 18 -2 11 28

China c 4.39 … 1.2 3.1 13 -26 -19 65

United Kingdom 4.33 3.0 5.1 3.0 -2 -7 -24 3

Ukraine a, b 4.01 - - 3.2 - -9 -7 …

Sweden 3.80 3.0 3.2 2.7 1 -3 -11 9

Brazil 3.64 1.1 3.4 2.5 0 -6 -15 17

Spain 3.55 2.5 2.6 2.5 3 -5 -11 18

Above 15 99.62 73.6 71.4 70.4 - - - -

Memorandum item:

European Union (15) 61.60 52.9 57.0 42.9 0 3 -13 7

Intra-exports 43.49 30.9 39.5 30.3 0 8 -11 5

Extra-exports 18.11 22.0 17.5 12.6 0 -7 -17 12

Importers

United States 18.40 10.1 9.5 11.7 6 20 -21 12

Germany 10.86 8.3 11.5 6.9 -2 10 -16 1

China c 9.69 … 2.5 6.2 13 -3 16 29

France 8.71 6.6 7.0 5.6 1 14 -15 17

Italy 8.32 5.1 6.1 5.3 2 13 -19 13

Canada d 5.26 1.6 2.0 3.4 9 7 -10 24

Belgium 5.17 - - 3.3 - - - 19

Taipei, Chinese 4.73 1.4 2.5 3.0 5 -20 -4 12

Spain 4.32 1.0 2.3 2.8 5 15 -4 2

United Kingdom 4.31 4.2 4.3 2.8 -1 -2 -24 3

Korea, Rep. of b 4.00 1.2 2.9 2.9 2 -50 42 …

Japan 3.66 1.1 4.1 2.3 -2 -28 -8 24

Netherlands 3.51 2.9 3.6 2.2 -1 5 -17 6

Hong Kong, China 3.19 - - - 8 -10 -15 6


Mexico b, c, d 3.02 2.2 1.0 2.2 12 14 -10 …

Above 15 95.30 49.8 63.1 61.5 - - - -


b 1999 instead of 2000.

c Includes significant shipments through processing zones.

d Imports are valued f.o.b.

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4.2 Chemicals

Table IV.39

World trade in chemicals, 2000


Value 574


1980-85 1

1985-90 14

1990-00 7

1998 2

1999 4

2000 8



Table IV.41

Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise andin manufactures by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share of chemicals in total merchandise

World 9.3 9.3





Africa 4.1 10.7

Middle East 6.1 9.1

Asia 6.0 8.9

Share of chemicals in manufactures

World 12.4 12.4





Africa 16.9 15.7


Asia 7.1 12.6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America


Africa

Middle East

Chart IV.9

Regional shares in world trade in chemicals, 2000

(Percentage)

Table IV.40

Major regional flows in world exports of chemicals, 2000



2000 1990-00 1999 2000


Intra-Asia 65.6 12 15 23


Western Europe to Asia 28.4 5 15 6


North America to Western Europe 24.9 7 4 14

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Table IV.42

Exports of chemicals by principal region, 2000


Share in


2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

World 573.8 - - 100.0 100.0 7 4 8

Western Europe

World 320.6 100.0 100.0 65.1 55.9 5 3 2

Western Europe 209.8 70.2 65.4 45.7 36.6 4 0 0

North America 38.8 6.5 12.1 4.2 6.8 12 24 11

Asia 28.4 9.2 8.9 6.0 5.0 5 15 6


Latin America 9.2 2.6 2.9 1.7 1.6 6 -5 3

Africa 7.3 3.5 2.3 2.3 1.3 1 -6 -4

Middle East 7.1 2.9 2.2 1.9 1.2 2 -4 0

Asia

World 98.8 100.0 100.0 11.4 17.2 11 12 17

Asia 65.6 62.0 66.4 7.1 11.4 12 15 23

Western Europe 13.3 16.1 13.4 1.8 2.3 9 8 3

North America 12.6 13.2 12.7 1.5 2.2 11 9 10

Latin America 2.3 1.2 2.3 0.1 0.4 18 5 18

Middle East 1.9 1.8 1.9 0.2 0.3 12 9 14

Africa 1.6 1.3 1.6 0.1 0.3 13 4 2

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 0.8 3.0 0.8 0.3 0.1 -2 16 14

Japan

World 35.2 100.0 100.0 5.3 6.1 8 13 14

Asia 21.4 57.0 60.9 3.0 3.7 9 20 20

North America 7.3 16.4 20.7 0.9 1.3 11 7 10

Western Europe 5.5 20.3 15.7 1.1 1.0 6 3 2

Latin America 0.5 1.6 1.5 0.1 0.1 8 -3 5

All other regions 0.4 4.7 1.2 0.3 0.1 -6 -5 3


World 63.7 100.0 100.0 6.1 11.1 15 12 26

Asia 44.2 66.5 69.5 4.0 7.7 16 13 31

Western Europe 7.7 12.3 12.2 0.7 1.4 15 11 10

North America 5.3 10.3 8.3 0.6 0.9 12 11 23

Latin America 1.8 0.9 2.8 0.1 0.3 30 9 29

Middle East 1.7 1.9 2.6 0.1 0.3 20 13 20

Africa 1.4 1.7 2.2 0.1 0.2 18 5 5

North America

World 97.0 100.0 100.0 15.6 16.9 8 5 13

North America 28.3 23.2 29.2 3.6 4.9 10 8 11

Western Europe 24.9 27.0 25.7 4.2 4.3 7 4 14

Asia 23.6 32.2 24.3 5.0 4.1 5 10 12

Latin America 17.6 14.0 18.1 2.2 3.1 11 -2 18


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Table IV.43

Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2000



2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

United States 82.27 14.8 13.3 14.3 8 -2 4 14

Germany 69.49 17.2 17.9 12.1 3 4 0 -2

France 41.49 9.4 9.6 7.2 4 6 3 3

Belgium 35.25 - - 6.1 - - - 7

Japan 35.16 4.7 5.3 6.1 8 -9 13 14

United Kingdom 34.95 8.7 8.0 6.1 4 2 -6 1

Netherlands 25.40 8.0 6.8 4.4 2 -8 -12 8

Ireland 25.02 0.8 1.3 4.4 21 52 9 11

Italy 22.49 3.9 3.7 3.9 7 3 4 7

Switzerland 22.29 4.0 4.7 3.9 5 6 4 -5

Canada 14.80 2.5 2.3 2.6 8 -4 6 15

Korea, Rep. of 13.78 0.5 0.8 2.4 19 -4 5 28

China a 12.10 0.8 1.3 2.1 12 1 1 17

Spain 10.64 1.1 1.6 1.9 9 6 8 6

Hong Kong, China 10.43 - - - 9 -11 -1 11


re-exports 9.62 - - - 11 -10 0 12

Above 15 445.92 81.6 82.3 77.7 - - - -

Memorandum item:

European Union (15) 293.15 58.4 59.0 51.1 5 6 3 2

Intra-exports 174.57 35.0 37.9 30.4 5 10 0 0

Extra-exports 118.58 23.3 21.1 20.7 7 1 8 6

Importers

United States 76.01 6.2 7.7 12.7 12 8 14 19

Germany 44.68 9.2 10.4 7.5 3 15 3 -4

France 38.00 8.4 8.2 6.4 4 8 0 6

United Kingdom 30.88 5.1 6.3 5.2 5 2 0 3

China a 30.21 2.0 2.2 5.1 16 4 19 26

Italy 28.76 5.5 6.5 4.8 4 3 3 1

Belgium 28.31 - - 4.7 - - - 7

Japan 26.04 4.1 5.0 4.4 6 -10 11 14

Canada b 20.06 2.2 2.5 3.4 10 5 9 9

Netherlands 18.74 4.4 4.3 3.1 4 -4 -1 6

Spain 16.35 1.8 2.8 2.7 7 7 3 0

Taipei, Chinese 15.58 1.3 2.3 2.6 8 -13 7 23

Mexico a, b 15.40 1.5 1.2 2.6 15 7 12 19

Switzerland 13.72 2.5 2.6 2.3 5 6 4 2

Korea, Rep. of 13.52 1.3 2.4 2.3 6 -30 22 19

Above 15 416.26 59.5 68.7 69.6 - - - -



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4.3 Machinery and transport equipment

Table IV.44

World trade in machinery and transport equipment, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value 2566


1980-85 3

1985-90 15

1990-00 8

1998 3

1999 6

2000 11



Table IV.46

Share of machinery and transport equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share of machinery and transport equipment in total merchandise

World 41.5 41.5North America 49.6 48.3Latin America 34.6 42.7Western Europe 41.1 39.5C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 21.8 33.5Africa 4.4 34.3Middle East 6.0 36.0Asia 50.5 40.7 Australia, Japan and New Zealand 60.8 32.5 Other Asia 45.2 44.1

Share of machinery and transport equipment in manufactures


0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America


Africa

Middle East

Chart IV.10

Regional shares in world trade in machineryand transport equipment, 2000(Percentage)

Table IV.45

Major regional flows in world exports of machineryand transport equipment, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)


2000 1990-00 1999 2000


Intra-Asia 359.7 13 16 29





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Table IV.47

Exports of machinery and transport equipment by principal region, 2000


Share in


2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

World 2565.9 - - 100.0 100.0 8 6 11

Western Europe

World 1004.2 100.0 100.0 50.2 39.1 5 1 3

Western Europe 650.0 67.9 64.7 34.1 25.3 5 2 0

North America 119.4 9.4 11.9 4.7 4.7 8 7 9

Asia 93.8 8.4 9.3 4.2 3.7 6 -3 17


Latin America 28.0 2.3 2.8 1.2 1.1 7 -13 4

Africa 25.2 3.8 2.5 1.9 1.0 1 -4 0

Middle East 23.8 2.7 2.4 1.4 0.9 4 -7 6

Asia

World 832.1 100.0 100.0 26.3 32.4 10 11 20

Asia 359.7 31.8 43.2 8.4 14.0 13 16 29

North America 249.7 36.3 30.0 9.6 9.7 8 11 16

Western Europe 156.3 22.9 18.8 6.0 6.1 8 7 14

Latin America 22.5 2.3 2.7 0.6 0.9 12 -11 19


Japan

World 329.7 100.0 100.0 16.7 12.8 5 8 14

Asia 122.4 28.7 37.1 4.8 4.8 8 13 27

North America 116.2 38.0 35.2 6.4 4.5 4 10 11

Western Europe 61.6 23.7 18.7 4.0 2.4 3 3 6

Latin America 10.2 2.7 3.1 0.4 0.4 0 0 0

Middle East 7.5 2.9 2.3 0.5 0.3 2 -23 -1

Africa 3.1 1.5 1.0 0.3 0.1 0 -5 -8



World 502.5 100.0 100.0 9.6 19.6 16 13 24

Asia 237.3 37.3 47.2 3.6 9.2 19 17 29

North America 133.5 33.4 26.6 3.2 5.2 13 12 19

Western Europe 94.7 21.5 18.8 2.1 3.7 14 9 20

Latin America 12.3 1.7 2.5 0.2 0.5 20 -1 22

Middle East 9.3 1.7 1.9 0.2 0.4 17 -4 23

Africa 5.0 1.2 1.0 0.1 0.2 13 1 7


North America

World 524.4 100.0 100.0 18.9 20.4 9 7 10

North America 200.3 38.1 38.2 7.2 7.8 9 13 7

Asia 120.0 21.9 22.9 4.1 4.7 9 5 18

Western Europe 100.1 24.9 19.1 4.7 3.9 6 7 6

Latin America 84.8 10.6 16.2 2.0 3.3 13 1 20

Middle East 10.5 2.5 2.0 0.5 0.4 6 -15 -18

Africa 5.5 1.7 1.0 0.3 0.2 3 -15 14


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Table IV.48

Leading exporters and importers of machinery and transport equipment, 2000



2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

United States 413.5 16.4 15.1 16.1 9 2 3 12

Japan 329.7 14.5 16.7 12.8 5 -8 8 14

Germany 272.1 16.3 17.2 10.6 3 5 0 0

France 136.1 7.0 6.5 5.3 6 12 -1 4

United Kingdom 133.3 7.6 6.2 5.2 6 0 -2 4

Canada 111.4 3.2 3.9 4.3 9 4 16 10

Korea, Rep. of 100.3 0.7 2.1 3.9 15 -4 20 29

Mexico a 99.4 0.1 1.3 3.9 20 14 19 22

Singapore 93.2 1.0 2.2 3.6 13 -11 4 23


re-exports 43.2 0.0 0.7 1.7 18 -11 4 40

Italy 91.3 4.8 5.2 3.6 4 5 -4 0

Taipei, Chinese 87.1 0.9 2.2 3.4 13 -7 11 28

China a 82.6 0.2 0.9 3.2 23 15 17 40

Hong Kong, China 77.7 - - - 14 -5 4 28


re-exports 72.0 - - - 18 -3 6 29

Netherlands 65.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 8 -3 8 5

Malaysia a 60.6 0.3 0.9 2.4 19 -2 21 15

Above 15 2081.5 75.9 83.4 81.1 - - - -

Importers

United States 570.9 12.1 17.5 21.6 10 7 13 17

Germany 179.3 6.6 9.4 6.8 5 10 4 1

United Kingdom 153.5 5.7 6.9 5.8 6 4 4 5

Canada b 124.8 5.1 4.8 4.7 8 3 9 9

France 121.9 5.5 6.5 4.6 4 16 2 7

Japan 106.1 1.6 3.0 4.0 11 -10 14 24

China a 91.9 1.0 1.8 3.5 16 8 22 32

Hong Kong, China 90.8 - - - 15 -10 -4 30


Mexico a, b 88.8 1.6 1.6 3.4 17 16 18 26

Singapore 82.0 1.4 2.2 3.1 12 -19 9 23


Italy 78.5 3.8 4.4 3.0 4 13 7 1

Netherlands 71.7 2.9 3.2 2.7 6 5 10 2

Taipei, Chinese 70.4 1.0 1.7 2.7 13 4 13 30

Spain 62.2 1.1 2.7 2.4 6 17 17 -2

Korea, Rep. of 59.1 0.9 2.0 2.2 9 -36 40 35

Above 15 1879.9 51.1 68.4 71.0 - - - -



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Table IV.49

Exports of machinery and transport equipment of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

World 1212940 I 1903840 2189120 2310380 2565860 35.8 41.5

Argentina 712 2277 4200 2790 ... 5.8 12.0Australia 3167 6792 6725 7092 7262 8.0 11.4Austria 15701 I 20756 23932 24051 24199 38.0 37.9Belgium - - - 52407 54897 - 29.5Belgium-Luxembourg 32268 I 45958 52009 - - 27.4 29Brazil 5829 8847 12599 11387 15532 18.6 28.2Canada 47229 73651 87393 101708 111436 37.0 40.3China b 10833 31368 50217 58836 82600 17.4 33.1Croatia - 778 1380 1247 1195 - 27.2Czech Rep. b - 6585 10874 I 11336 12894 - 44.5

Denmark 9197 I 12260 13185 13683 13027 24.9 26.2Finland 8251 I 14304 18043 17854 20727 31.1 45.4France 78378 I 112675 I 131936 130594 136059 36.2 45.6Germany 209175 I 256319 269803 271139 272074 49.7 49.3Hong Kong, China 21176 56261 58597 60761 77730 25.7 38.4 domestic exports 7206 8810 6000 5121 5755 24.8 24.3 re-exports 13970 47451 52597 55640 71975 26.2 40.3Hungary b 2565 3292 I 11956 14331 16853 25.7 60.0Indonesia 367 3830 4656 5293 10769 1.4 17.3Ireland 7447 I 15128 23446 27864 30698 31.4 38.4Israel 2930 5111 7804 8418 11172 24.3 35.7Italy 63233 I 86894 94521 91029 91299 37.1 38.4

Japan 202934 311501 268466 286790 329661 70.6 68.8Korea, Rep. of 25545 65646 65090 77954 100275 39.3 58.2Luxembourg - - - 1813 2062 - 26.3Malaysia b 10513 40679 43381 52671 60637 35.7 61.7Malta 581 1269 1192 1256 ... 51.3 63.4Mexico b 16152 41577 68041 81305 99369 39.7 59.7Netherlands 30730 I 47217 57428 61916 65230 23.3 30.7Philippines b 2160 8902 21266 27232 29201 26.8 73.4Poland 3754 4829 I 8021 8278 10821 26.2 34.2Portugal 3201 I 6266 8002 8368 7997 19.5 34.3

Romania 1451 1038 1209 1429 1949 29.3 18.8Russian Fed. c - 4943 I 6439 5708 6857 - 6.5Singapore 26437 77604 73025 76018 93183 50.1 67.6 domestic exports 17951 47791 43336 45077 49940 51.5 63.4 re-exports 8486 29813 29689 30941 43243 47.4 73.2Slovak Rep. - 1615 I 3961 4010 4672 - 39.2Slovenia - 2614 3319 3035 ... - 35.3Spain 21611 I 37999 46718 48360 48168 38.8 42.3Sweden 24860 I 32620 39587 40183 41841 43.2 48.1Switzerland 20116 25673 24794 24518 24978 31.5 30.6Taipei, Chinese 26224 54956 61404 68311 87136 39.1 58.7Thailand 5070 18997 21878 24505 31969 22.0 46.3

Turkey 855 2402 4056 5037 5667 6.6 21.3United Kingdom 74903 I 103537 130538 128284 133289 40.5 46.9United States 182600 281488 358168 369298 413516 46.4 52.9


a Or nearest year.

b Includes significant exports from processing zones.


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Table IV.50

Imports of machinery and transport equipment of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

Algeria 3800 3292 3045 3040 ... 39.1 33.2Argentina 1304 8961 15735 11866 ... 32.0 46.5Australia b 17210 26978 27841 30851 31697 42.9 46.9Austria 18974 I 24429 27099 27211 26294 38.6 38.2Belgium - - - 53694 54788 - 32.0Belgium-Luxembourg 37679 I 48111 53086 - - 31.5 31.8Brazil 6364 21055 26702 22243 24274 28.3 41.4Canada b 58524 84764 105323 114852 124839 50.2 52.0Chile 3065 6308 7383 5093 5809 39.9 32.1China c 21513 52574 56845 69453 91931 40.3 40.8

Colombia 2021 5184 5670 3675 3640 36.2 31.2Croatia - 2009 2952 2706 2568 - 32.5Czech Rep. b, c - 9363 11353 I 11335 12906 - 40.0Denmark 9969 I 13822 16115 15874 16020 29.9 35.9Ecuador 662 1681 1957 871 916 35.6 26.8Egypt 2100 2969 4328 4198 ... 22.8 26.2Finland 10473 I 11428 14103 13663 14331 38.8 42.5France 79578 I 96807 I 111971 114352 121859 33.9 39.9Germany 115052 I 155595 169952 177307 179283 32.3 35.9Greece 6138 I 7116 10494 9960 8134 31.0 28.8

Hong Kong, China 23031 71604 72662 69691 90833 27.2 42.4 retained imports 9061 24153 20065 14051 18858 28.9 53.2Hungary c 3578 4760 I 11971 14054 16517 34.6 51.5Indonesia 9328 16290 9932 5710 9212 42.7 27.5Ireland 7444 I 13656 22413 24304 26893 36.0 53.6Israel 4047 9624 9445 10968 12431 24.1 32.6Italy 54259 I 59804 72710 77544 78516 29.8 33.7Japan 36046 75837 74884 85288 106068 15.3 27.9Korea, Rep. of 23951 49438 31216 43609 59079 34.3 36.8Luxembourg - - - 3912 3274 - 32.3Malaysia c 14696 46192 36357 40079 51492 50.2 62.6

Mexico b, c 19233 31290 59961 70462 88755 47.7 50.9Morocco c 2031 1987 I 2939 3217 2711 29.9 25.5Netherlands 38946 I 52013 64264 70420 71741 30.9 36.4New Zealand 3956 5887 5002 6189 5478 41.6 38.9Norway 11031 12317 16502 14509 15320 40.5 45.4Pakistan 1882 3387 2126 2253 2048 24.9 18.5Peru 860 2975 3082 2389 2417 30.4 32.5Philippines c 4921 14223 18157 17982 17895 37.7 51.7Poland 4336 8688 I 17858 17543 18114 37.5 36.7Portugal 9362 I 11336 14085 15587 14317 37.1 37.8

Romania 1674 2544 3234 2744 3811 22.0 29.2Russian Fed. d - 14195 I 19053 11989 12605 - 28.5Saudi Arabia 8990 10001 11293 10657 11849 37.4 36.1Singapore 27163 72048 61451 66850 81981 44.6 60.9 retained imports 18677 42235 31762 35909 38738 43.4 51.3Slovak Rep. b - 2535 I 5213 4213 4466 - 34.9Slovenia - 3204 3682 3727 ... - 37.4South Africa b 7330 12011 10381 9228 9920 42.8 37.0Spain 33421 I 40323 54354 63617 62237 38.1 40.5Sweden 21038 I 25758 29146 29056 31189 38.8 42.9Switzerland 21989 26795 25696 27605 27786 31.6 33.7

Taipei, Chinese 20231 41610 48274 54349 70413 36.9 50.3Thailand 13703 33647 18549 21722 29438 41.1 47.5Tunisia 1554 2048 2574 2889 2756 28.0 31.5Turkey 7036 11492 18130 15378 20348 31.6 37.7United Kingdom 84082 I 108761 141244 146546 153452 37.7 46.3United States 214072 357882 431607 489192 570888 41.4 45.4Venezuela b 2742 3995 6798 5861 7817 41.5 49.9

Memorandum item: European Union (15) 526400 I 709740 862992 907518 934912 33.8 39.6 Intra-imports e 354243 I 36.1 Extra-imports 172157 239978 308802 334866 367207 29.9 38.0

a Or nearest year.


c Includes significant imports into processing zones.

d Includes Secretariat estimates.

e See the Technical Notes for information on intra-EU imports.

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Office machines and telecom equipment

Table IV.51

World trade in office machines and telecom equipment, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value 940


1980-85 9

1985-90 18

1990-00 12

1998 1

1999 12

2000 20



Table IV.53

Share of office machines and telecom equipment in tradein total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandise


Share in manufactures


0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America


Africa

Middle East

Chart IV.11

Regional shares in world trade in office machinesand telecom equipment, 2000(Percentage)

Table IV.52

Major regional flows in world exports of office machines and telecom equipment, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)


2000 1990-00 1999 2000

Intra-Asia 209.6 18 21 31






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Table IV.54

Exports of office machines and telecom equipment by principal region, 2000


Share in


2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

World 939.9 - - 100.0 100.0 12 12 20

Asia

World 447.7 100.0 100.0 45.9 47.6 13 14 23

Asia 209.6 29.8 46.8 13.7 22.3 18 21 31

North America 131.9 37.9 29.5 17.4 14.0 10 10 16

Western Europe 88.9 27.3 19.8 12.5 9.5 9 8 19

Latin America 8.1 1.9 1.8 0.9 0.9 12 5 21

Middle East 3.2 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 7 -12 20


Africa 1.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 7 0 -2

Japan

World 108.2 100.0 100.0 22.4 11.5 5 7 18

Asia 47.4 26.7 43.9 6.0 5.0 10 16 28

North America 34.3 38.8 31.7 8.7 3.7 3 5 10

Western Europe 23.2 29.5 21.5 6.6 2.5 2 2 16



World 339.6 100.0 100.0 23.5 36.1 17 16 25

Asia 162.2 32.7 47.8 7.7 17.3 22 23 31

North America 97.6 37.1 28.7 8.7 10.4 14 11 18

Western Europe 65.6 25.1 19.3 5.9 7.0 14 10 21


Western Europe

World 259.9 100.0 100.0 32.0 27.7 11 7 12

Western Europe 176.2 76.2 67.8 24.4 18.7 9 7 7

Asia 31.8 6.5 12.2 2.1 3.4 18 9 31

North America 20.4 6.7 7.9 2.1 2.2 12 14 20

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 13.3 3.3 5.1 1.1 1.4 15 3 27

Africa 5.5 2.7 2.1 0.9 0.6 8 -3 10

Middle East 4.9 1.8 1.9 0.6 0.5 11 12 19

Latin America 3.9 1.6 1.5 0.5 0.4 10 -4 10

North America

World 173.9 100.0 100.0 19.2 18.5 12 11 23

Asia 64.0 33.7 36.8 6.5 6.8 13 16 24

North America 40.4 21.4 23.2 4.1 4.3 13 9 29

Western Europe 34.9 32.6 20.1 6.3 3.7 6 6 16

Latin America 30.5 9.5 17.6 1.8 3.2 19 12 26


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Table IV.55

Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000


Canada a United States


2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 30418 100.0 10 22 World 218729 100.0 13 24

North America 13935 45.8 0 16 Asia 154039 70.4 13 20

Asia 10263 33.7 12 21 Latin America 29864 13.7 22 32

Western Europe 2117 7.0 24 45 North America 16274 7.4 10 56

Latin America 2008 6.6 40 37 Western Europe 14709 6.7 8 19

Middle East 76 0.2 7 62 Middle East 2104 1.0 24 92

C./E. Europe/ C./E. Europe/

Baltic States/CIS 56 0.2 9 133 Baltic States/CIS 1564 0.7 37 22

Africa 23 0.1 80 28 Africa 172 0.1 33 18

Suppliers Suppliers

United States 13935 45.8 0 16 Japan 37377 17.1 8 13

Japan 2832 9.3 6 13 Mexico 27962 12.8 17 35

European Union (15) 2019 6.6 23 45 China 22405 10.2 24 31

Mexico 1920 6.3 43 41 Korea, Rep. of 20894 9.6 47 36

Taipei, Chinese 1512 5.0 21 1 Malaysia 20397 9.3 18 23

Above 5 22218 73.0 6 19 Above 5 129035 59.0 19 26

China 1290 4.2 31 45 Taipei, Chinese 19360 8.9 7 21

Malaysia 1245 4.1 -2 27 Canada 16274 7.4 10 56

Korea, Rep. of 1182 3.9 15 45 Singapore 14679 6.7 -4 4

Singapore 716 2.4 0 13 European Union (15) 13762 6.3 7 19

Philippines 671 2.2 8 38 Philippines 8908 4.1 7 20

Thailand 413 1.4 44 18 Thailand 5819 2.7 3 9

Hong Kong, China 259 0.9 41 25 Israel 2096 1.0 25 93

Indonesia 96 0.3 -9 9 Indonesia 2088 1.0 10 11

Israel 75 0.2 5 65 Hong Kong, China 1851 0.8 -6 10

Brazil 70 0.2 3 -17 Hungary 1426 0.7 36 19

Malta 45 0.1 10 106 Costa Rica 1095 0.5 188 -30

Hungary 40 0.1 4 103 Brazil 753 0.3 4 95

Switzerland 34 0.1 49 56 Switzerland 400 0.2 104 -4

Australia 29 0.1 -11 46 Malta 383 0.2 -11 63

Norway 17 0.1 90 4 Norway 151 0.1 10 -2

Above 20 28400 93.4 - - Above 20 218080 99.7 - -

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Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000


European Union (15) Japan


2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 315753 100.0 8 11 World 60866 100.0 21 38

Western Europe 162595 51.5 6 6 Asia 40391 66.4 36 46

Asia 94568 29.9 9 16 North America 14590 24.0 -5 20

North America 45045 14.3 9 15 Western Europe 4777 7.8 20 34

C./E. Europe/ Latin America 728 1.2 102 120

Baltic States/CIS 8216 2.6 22 23 C./E. Europe/

Latin America 2069 0.7 57 46 Baltic States/CIS 234 0.4 5 29

Middle East 1950 0.6 3 38 Middle East 132 0.2 52 -21

Africa 527 0.2 2 -22 Africa 15 0.0 400 50

Suppliers Suppliers

European Union (15) 158747 50.3 6 6 United States 14173 23.3 -6 19

United States 40171 12.7 4 13 Taipei, Chinese 9425 15.5 63 66

Japan 25212 8.0 6 8 Korea, Rep. of 6434 10.6 75 42

Taipei, Chinese 12961 4.1 6 18 Malaysia 6430 10.6 49 41

China 11890 3.8 19 36 China 6418 10.5 19 51

Above 5 248980 78.9 6 9 Above 5 42880 70.4 22 39

Singapore 11341 3.6 -4 10 European Union (15) 4671 7.7 21 35

Korea, Rep. of 9645 3.1 28 26 Philippines 3940 6.5 28 54

Malaysia 9039 2.9 2 20 Singapore 3785 6.2 14 26

Hungary 5056 1.6 28 15 Thailand 2474 4.1 4 38

Hong Kong, China 4922 1.6 16 17 Indonesia 847 1.4 7 37

Philippines 3886 1.2 20 14 Hong Kong, China 542 0.9 6 -4

Thailand 3673 1.2 6 18 Mexico 508 0.8 75 81

Canada 2736 0.9 4 70 Canada 417 0.7 19 97

Switzerland 1727 0.5 5 6 Hungary 217 0.4 3 23

Israel 1645 0.5 11 42 Costa Rica 152 0.2 4243 220

Indonesia 1189 0.4 12 19 Israel 129 0.2 52 -22

Mexico 1040 0.3 31 53 Switzerland 91 0.1 19 23

Poland 922 0.3 4 2 Brazil 66 0.1 -50 6500

Czech Rep. 902 0.3 16 63 Australia 55 0.1 -6 -22

Turkey 877 0.3 -8 23 Viet Nam 28 0.0 -15 57

Above 20 307580 97.4 - - Above 20 60802 99.9 - -


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Table IV.56

Leading exporters and importers of office machines and telecom equipment, 2000



2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

United States 153.45 19.5 17.3 16.3 12 -4 10 22

Japan 108.18 21.1 22.4 11.5 5 -11 7 18

Singapore 74.05 3.2 6.4 7.9 14 -11 5 22


re-exports 32.30 0.7 1.5 3.4 22 -10 6 47

Taipei, Chinese 58.39 3.2 4.7 6.2 15 -3 16 30

Hong Kong, China 50.07 - - - 15 -3 5 30


re-exports 46.07 - - - 19 0 8 32

United Kingdom 49.60 6.4 6.5 5.3 10 3 2 13

Germany 45.12 9.9 7.5 4.8 7 7 8 17

Malaysia a, b 44.27 1.4 2.7 5.7 21 -5 28 …

China a 43.50 … … 4.6 … 18 19 44

Korea, Rep. of b 42.92 2.0 4.8 5.5 13 -6 35 …

Netherlands 36.06 4.0 3.4 3.8 14 -3 12 7

Mexico a 32.99 0.1 1.5 3.5 22 21 22 25

France 32.42 4.7 4.1 3.4 10 15 -1 14

Ireland 25.45 0.9 1.7 2.7 17 17 23 12

Philippines a 24.12 0.1 0.6 2.6 29 31 24 4

Above 15 774.50 78.4 85.4 84.3 - - - -

Importers

United States 218.73 15.9 21.1 22.5 13 3 13 24

United Kingdom 61.12 7.0 8.0 6.3 10 4 9 18

Japan 60.87 2.6 3.7 6.3 18 -13 21 38

Hong Kong, China 59.37 - - - 17 -9 1 36


Germany 57.54 9.7 9.8 5.9 7 17 8 8

Singapore 54.29 2.6 4.5 5.6 15 -18 14 28


China a 44.43 … … 4.6 … 32 38 46

Taipei, Chinese 38.73 1.4 2.5 4.0 18 5 23 33

Netherlands 38.28 3.9 4.1 3.9 12 6 17 3

France 36.11 6.4 6.0 3.7 7 16 -1 18

Canada c 30.42 4.1 3.5 3.1 11 0 10 22

Mexico a, c 27.05 0.9 1.5 2.8 19 19 26 27

Malaysia a, b 25.23 1.6 1.9 3.2 18 -10 16 …

Korea, Rep. of b 24.73 1.3 2.6 3.1 14 -20 49 …

Italy 20.28 4.6 4.4 2.1 4 9 7 8

Above 15 751.10 63.5 74.9 78.5 - - - -




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Table IV.57

Exports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

World 298490 I 600650 699270 780440 939880 8.8 15.2

Australia 738 1882 1627 1617 1801 1.9 2.8Austria 2887 I 2012 2706 2785 3463 7.0 5.4Belgium - - - 8725 10744 - 5.8Belgium-Luxembourg 3491 I 6203 8392 - - 3.0 5Brazil 692 749 1068 1345 2376 2.2 4.3Canada 5622 11544 12997 14040 20631 4.4 7.5China b ... 14506 25344 30139 43498 ... 17.4Czech Rep. b - 488 682 I 676 1283 - 4.4Denmark 1351 I 2280 3036 3221 3385 3.7 6.8Finland 1496 I 4672 7765 8405 10696 5.6 23.4

France 12304 I 20934 I 28789 28377 32422 5.7 10.9Germany 22435 I 32124 35652 38487 45122 5.3 8.2Greece 33 I 94 206 210 ... 0.4 2.1Hong Kong, China 12886 34051 36633 38418 50067 15.6 24.7 domestic exports 4772 5935 4297 3610 3997 16.5 16.9 re-exports 8114 28116 32336 34808 46070 15.2 25.8Hungary b 505 537 I 4232 5432 7132 5.1 25.4Indonesia 124 2281 2356 2976 7280 0.5 11.7Ireland 5145 I 11708 18547 22751 25447 21.7 31.9Israel 1226 2369 4173 4880 6939 10.2 22.1Italy 7804 I 10627 9562 9460 10417 4.6 4.4Japan 67007 106611 85030 91372 108179 23.3 22.6

Korea, Rep. of 14339 33217 31824 42918 ... 22.1 29.9Luxembourg - - - 545 ... - 6.9Malaysia b 8207 32721 34644 44268 ... 27.9 52.4Malta 472 1064 991 1059 ... 41.7 53.5Mexico b 4535 11616 21682 26485 32988 11.1 19.8Netherlands 10137 I 20424 30061 33651 36058 7.7 17.0Philippines b 1835 7564 18625 23091 24119 22.7 60.6Poland 342 406 I 1146 1206 1279 2.4 4.0Portugal 607 I 1203 1156 1468 1367 3.7 5.9Singapore 19235 60322 57547 60601 74046 36.5 53.7 domestic exports 14685 40318 36755 38615 41750 42.1 53.0 re-exports 4549 20004 20792 21986 32296 25.4 54.6

Spain 1770 I 3767 4745 5142 5129 3.2 4.5Sweden 4173 I 7999 12222 14003 15068 7.3 17.3Switzerland 1520 2257 2397 2730 2967 2.4 3.6Taipei, Chinese 14105 32568 38623 44769 58389 21.0 39.4Thailand 3520 11660 14303 15240 19138 15.3 27.7Turkey 259 255 895 821 1008 2.0 3.8United Kingdom 19262 I 36608 43232 44044 49602 10.4 17.5United States 51658 97990 113893 125664 153448 13.1 19.6


a Or nearest year.


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Table IV.58

Imports of office machines and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

Argentina 305 1919 3236 2899 ... 7.5 11.4Australia b 4262 8123 7771 9241 10645 10.6 15.8Austria 3887 I 4430 5588 6123 5929 7.9 8.6Belgium - - - 10571 11850 - 6.9Belgium-Luxembourg 4737 I 7009 9614 - - 4.0 5.8Brazil 1514 5230 6207 5922 7900 6.7 13.5Canada b 10475 19815 22703 24884 30418 9.0 12.7Chile 456 1076 1658 1553 1681 5.9 9.3China c ... 14352 22042 30489 44427 ... 19.7Colombia 364 1343 1758 1026 1048 6.5 9.0

Czech Rep. b, c - 1962 2011 I 2146 3079 - 9.5Denmark 2349 I 4106 4730 5045 5405 7.0 12.1Finland 2190 I 3827 4513 4497 5489 8.1 16.3France 18013 I 24833 I 30955 30640 36109 7.7 11.8Germany 29421 I 44152 49267 53080 57535 8.3 11.5Greece 720 I 1194 2017 1950 1904 3.6 6.7Hong Kong, China 12326 40214 43032 43554 59371 14.5 27.7 retained imports 4212 12098 10696 8746 13301 13.4 37.5Hungary c 670 1015 I 3732 4434 6034 6.5 18.8Indonesia 892 1725 753 413 705 4.1 2.1Ireland 2844 I 8008 12325 13924 15932 13.8 31.7

Israel 939 2556 3013 3594 4894 5.6 12.8Italy 13310 I 15380 17579 18856 20282 7.3 8.7Japan 11259 37678 36549 44060 60866 4.8 16.0Korea, Rep. of 7741 16467 16573 24729 ... 11.1 20.7Luxembourg - - - 959 ... - 8.9Malaysia c 5744 22164 21697 25233 ... 19.6 38.8Malta 488 964 878 993 ... 24.8 34.7Mexico b, c 4640 9563 16897 21234 27053 11.5 15.5Netherlands 12244 I 20759 31740 37264 38279 9.7 19.4New Zealand 905 1515 1285 1514 1618 9.5 11.5

Norway 1732 2968 3321 3251 3354 6.4 9.9Paraguay 320 585 255 211 224 23.7 9.9Peru 100 687 717 603 ... 3.5 8.8Philippines c 2044 6788 12132 11860 12088 15.7 34.9Poland 784 1816 I 3793 4345 4717 6.8 9.6Portugal 1594 I 2329 2739 3159 2879 6.3 7.6Romania 211 523 894 757 1257 2.8 9.6Saudi Arabia 811 1203 1266 1398 1242 3.4 3.8Singapore 13392 43769 37163 42281 54285 22.0 40.3 retained imports 8842 23765 16371 20295 21989 20.6 29.1Slovak Rep. b - 565 I 884 693 721 - 5.6

Slovenia - 449 511 591 ... - 5.9South Africa b ... 2693 3891 3255 ... ... 13.5Spain 7111 I 7649 10255 12311 12790 8.1 8.3Sweden 4824 I 7660 9471 8928 9638 8.9 13.3Switzerland 4797 6521 6846 7604 8206 6.9 9.9Taipei, Chinese 7438 18766 23764 29173 38731 13.6 27.7Thailand 3421 10368 8037 9752 14575 10.2 23.5Turkey 1234 1677 3346 4325 5522 5.5 10.2United Kingdom 23986 I 37304 47437 51742 61119 10.8 18.4United States 63365 139927 155908 176840 218729 12.3 17.4

Venezuela b 367 682 1117 1133 ... 5.6 8.4Zimbabwe b 59 131 ... 123 ... 3.2 5.8


a Or nearest year.




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Automotive products

Table IV.59

World trade in automotive products, 2000


Value 571


1980-85 5

1985-90 14

1990-00 6

1998 5

1999 5

2000 4



Table IV.61

Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share of automotive products in total merchandise


Share of automotive products in manufactures


0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America


Africa

Middle East

Chart IV.12

Regional shares in world trade in automotive products,2000(Percentage)

Table IV.60

Major regional flows in world exports of automotive products, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)


2000 1990-00 1999 2000

Intra-Western Europe 203.3 4 1 -2

Intra-North America 98.2 8 20 -1




Intra-Asia 20.9 5 17 22

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Table IV.62

Exports of automotive products by principal region, 2000


Share in


2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

World 571.3 - - 100.0 100.0 6 5 4

Western Europe

World 271.0 100.0 100.0 54.4 47.4 5 0 1

Western Europe 203.3 78.2 75.0 42.6 35.6 4 1 -2

North America 28.0 8.9 10.3 4.9 4.9 6 10 5


Asia 12.1 5.7 4.5 3.1 2.1 2 -1 16

Latin America 5.6 1.1 2.1 0.6 1.0 11 -24 10

Africa 5.1 3.1 1.9 1.7 0.9 -1 0 4

Middle East 4.3 1.5 1.6 0.8 0.8 5 -14 28

North America

World 128.4 100.0 100.0 19.1 22.5 8 13 3

North America 98.2 77.6 76.4 14.8 17.2 8 20 -1

Latin America 15.9 7.7 12.4 1.5 2.8 13 -6 34

Western Europe 6.8 6.3 5.3 1.2 1.2 6 1 -8

Asia 5.4 5.9 4.2 1.1 1.0 4 -7 18


Asia

World 112.7 100.0 100.0 22.4 19.7 5 9 8

North America 54.7 51.1 48.6 11.5 9.6 4 21 11

Asia 20.9 17.8 18.6 4.0 3.7 5 17 22

Western Europe 19.8 21.4 17.6 4.8 3.5 3 3 -11

Middle East 7.0 4.1 6.2 0.9 1.2 9 -13 10

Latin America 5.1 2.4 4.6 0.5 0.9 11 -30 15

Africa 2.9 2.5 2.5 0.6 0.5 5 -5 -4


Japan

World 88.1 100.0 100.0 20.8 15.4 3 7 6

North America 47.2 51.5 53.5 10.7 8.3 3 18 9

Asia 15.1 16.9 17.2 3.5 2.6 3 12 23

Western Europe 14.7 22.1 16.6 4.6 2.6 0 1 -13

Middle East 4.7 4.2 5.3 0.9 0.8 5 -18 3

Latin America 3.9 2.5 4.4 0.5 0.7 9 -30 14

Africa 1.9 2.5 2.1 0.5 0.3 1 -10 -4


Latin America

World 39.3 100.0 100.0 2.3 6.9 18 4 21

North America 30.8 70.5 78.4 1.6 5.4 20 20 24

Latin America 5.7 12.7 14.6 0.3 1.0 20 -43 25

Western Europe 2.4 14.3 6.0 0.3 0.4 9 46 -11


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Table IV.63

Imports of automotive products of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000



2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 46276 100.0 13 2 World 172727 100.0 20 11

North America 37573 81.2 12 -1 North America 60191 34.8 23 1

Asia 4183 9.0 24 12 Asia 52651 30.5 19 16

Latin America 2702 5.8 23 41 Latin America 29940 17.3 17 30

Western Europe 1690 3.7 6 5 Western Europe 29361 17.0 18 7

All other regions 19 0.0 13 12 All other regions 583 0.3 35 63

Suppliers Suppliers

United States 37573 81.2 12 -1 Canada 60191 34.8 23 1

Japan 3493 7.5 21 7 Japan 44774 25.9 16 12

Mexico 2590 5.6 23 40 European Union (15) 29170 16.9 18 7

European Union (15) 1669 3.6 7 6 Mexico 29011 16.8 17 31

Korea, Rep. of 515 1.1 75 52 Korea, Rep. of 5491 3.2 69 59

Above 5 45840 99.1 - - Above 5 168637 97.6 - -

Region Region

World 233884 100.0 3 -4 World 9957 100.0 10 16

Western Europe 189491 81.0 2 -4 Western Europe 6020 60.5 13 6

Asia 21292 9.1 5 -8 North America 2307 23.2 -6 18

C./E. Europe/ Asia 1067 10.7 30 25

Baltic States/CIS 13244 5.7 19 12 Latin America 291 2.9 143 223

North America 6573 2.8 11 -10 All other regions 272 2.7 -6 1600

Latin America 1750 0.7 19 -12

All other regions 1196 0.5 60 -10

Suppliers Suppliers

European Union (15) 186153 79.6 2 -4 European Union (15) 6015 60.4 13 6

Japan 16118 6.9 1 -10 United States 2164 21.7 -10 19

United States 5475 2.3 2 -7 Mexico 288 2.9 159 227

Hungary 4304 1.8 27 -1 Thailand 210 2.1 38 18

Czech Rep. 3858 1.6 19 19 Taipei, Chinese 209 2.1 27 18

Above 5 215909 92.3 - - Above 5 8886 89.2 - -



JapanEuropean Union (15)

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Table IV.64

Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2000



2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

Germany 92.17 21.0 21.9 16.1 3 5 2 -3

Japan 88.08 19.8 20.8 15.4 3 -3 7 6

United States 67.90 11.9 10.2 11.9 8 -1 3 8

Canada 60.66 6.9 8.9 10.6 8 2 24 0

France 39.89 9.9 8.2 7.0 4 12 3 1

Mexico a 30.65 0.3 1.5 5.4 21 9 20 18

Spain 28.13 1.8 3.7 4.9 9 9 2 2

United Kingdom 25.56 5.8 4.4 4.5 6 0 1 -3

Belgium 25.01 - - 4.4 - - - 0

Italy 18.36 4.5 4.1 3.2 4 6 -2 -1

Korea, Rep. of 15.37 0.1 0.7 2.7 21 -7 15 18

Sweden 10.77 2.8 2.4 1.9 3 12 -1 2

Netherlands 8.66 1.1 1.5 1.5 6 16 1 -7

Austria 7.79 0.5 1.1 1.4 8 8 10 0

Hungary a 4.77 … 0.2 0.8 22 61 23 1

Above 15 523.74 91.2 95.2 91.7 - - - -

Importers

United States 172.73 20.3 24.7 29.4 8 8 20 11

Canada b 46.28 8.7 7.7 7.9 7 1 13 2

Germany 42.24 6.2 9.6 7.2 3 0 4 -11

United Kingdom 36.08 5.7 7.1 6.1 5 5 5 -10

France 30.53 5.4 6.7 5.2 4 22 6 1

Spain 26.31 0.9 3.2 4.5 10 22 18 -3

Italy 25.31 5.5 5.6 4.3 3 11 8 -6

Belgium 23.56 - - 4.0 - - - 0

Mexico a, b 18.82 1.8 1.6 3.2 14 7 19 36

Netherlands 12.61 2.6 2.6 2.1 4 15 2 -10

Japan 9.96 0.5 2.3 1.7 3 -23 10 16

Australia b 8.02 1.3 1.2 1.4 8 3 8 3

Austria 7.75 1.6 1.7 1.3 3 10 5 -7

Sweden 7.57 1.5 1.4 1.3 5 10 5 10

Switzerland 6.35 1.8 1.9 1.1 0 16 6 -3

Above 15 474.09 68.8 82.8 80.6 - - - -



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Table IV.65

Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

World 318940 I 452180 521870 548480 571320 9.4 9.2

Argentina 200 1374 3186 1806 ... 1.6 7.7Austria 3526 I 5785 7097 7809 7789 8.5 12.2Belgium - - - 25121 25013 - 13.4Belgium-Luxembourg 18046 I 24595 25361 - - 15.3 14.2Brazil 2034 2955 5210 3868 4682 6.5 8.5Canada 28442 43064 48736 60531 60656 22.3 21.9Czech Rep. b - 1532 3752 I 4036 4662 - 16.1Finland 797 I 1091 1245 1254 1257 3.0 2.8France 26194 I 33422 I 38655 39655 39885 12.1 13.4Germany 69955 I 85709 93439 94958 92167 16.6 16.7

Hungary b 648 659 I 3827 4715 4765 6.5 17.0India 198 568 469 463 ... 1.1 1.3Italy 13017 I 18372 18847 18555 18363 7.6 7.7Japan 66230 80680 77605 82733 88082 23.0 18.4Korea, Rep. of 2301 9166 11373 13035 15368 3.5 8.9Luxembourg - - - 239 ... - 3.0Mexico b 4708 14258 21772 26039 30645 11.6 18.4Netherlands 4673 I 6943 9134 9270 8655 3.5 4.1Oman 119 459 582 512 ... 2.2 7.1Poland 374 996 I 1839 2438 3601 2.6 11.4

Portugal 1084 I 2286 3666 3555 3152 6.6 13.5Romania 354 153 115 161 195 7.1 1.9Slovak Rep. - 344 I 1946 1886 2400 - 20.2Slovenia - 970 1319 1120 ... - 13.0Spain 11729 I 22603 27152 27626 28127 21.1 24.7Sweden 7719 I 9556 10634 10535 10771 13.4 12.4Turkey 153 642 799 1438 1517 1.2 5.7United Kingdom 14087 I 19964 26163 26458 25557 7.6 9.0United States 32547 52505 61059 62923 67901 8.3 8.7


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Table IV.66

Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

Argentina 183 2309 5235 3072 ... 4.5 12.0Australia b 3794 6173 7203 7783 8017 9.5 11.9Austria 5521 I 7544 7877 8285 7745 11.2 11.3Belgium - - - 23497 23558 - 13.8Belgium-Luxembourg 18481 I 25072 23263 - - 15.4 13.9Brazil 532 5968 6355 4097 4314 2.4 7.4Canada b 24640 33471 40038 45252 46276 21.1 19.3Chile 579 1780 1758 973 1507 7.5 8.3Colombia 416 1111 1008 435 590 7.4 5.1Czech Rep. b, c - 1472 2225 I 2326 2573 - 8.0

Denmark 1541 I 3025 3396 3085 2443 4.6 5.5Ecuador 157 693 492 186 184 8.5 5.4Egypt 416 634 661 590 ... 4.5 3.7Finland 2595 I 1925 2608 2577 2373 9.6 7.0France 21595 I 27660 I 28566 30378 30532 9.2 10.0Germany 30856 I 44918 45653 47683 42241 8.7 8.4Greece 1934 I 2093 2487 2917 2384 9.8 8.4Hong Kong, China 994 4394 3601 1755 2270 1.2 1.1 retained imports 666 3257 2372 1035 1510 2.1 4.3Hungary c 715 931 I 1889 2520 2481 6.9 7.7Indonesia 1523 3139 954 716 1870 7.0 5.6

Ireland 1236 I 1406 3068 3107 3633 6.0 7.2Israel 871 2304 1774 1856 2298 5.2 6.0Italy 18090 I 18829 24983 26919 25314 9.9 10.9Japan 7315 11930 7814 8597 9957 3.1 2.6Korea, Rep. of 929 2218 918 1393 ... 1.3 1.2Kuwait 453 1003 1375 1216 ... 11.4 16.0Luxembourg - - - 952 ... - 8.8Malaysia c 1312 2785 750 1351 ... 4.5 2.1Mexico b, c 5268 4400 11703 13873 18816 13.1 10.3Morocco c 317 314 I 506 540 ... 4.7 5.4

Netherlands 8244 I 11373 13748 14049 12606 6.5 6.4New Zealand 1012 1642 1299 1685 1480 10.6 10.5Norway 1419 2433 3152 2712 2608 5.2 7.7Oman 429 768 996 800 ... 16.0 17.1Peru 176 866 761 546 511 6.2 6.9Philippines c 537 1569 573 816 973 4.1 2.8Poland 391 1693 I 4770 5593 5803 3.4 11.8Portugal 3196 I 3996 5771 6415 5788 12.7 15.3Romania 409 312 430 236 429 5.4 3.3Saudi Arabia 2839 2138 2696 2579 3815 11.8 11.6

Slovak Rep. b - 447 I 1642 1260 1403 - 11.0Slovenia - 1326 1525 1478 ... - 14.9South Africa b ... 3061 2518 2343 ... ... 9.7Spain 10133 I 16464 22986 27067 26308 11.6 17.1Sweden 4585 I 5168 6581 6899 7565 8.4 10.4Switzerland 6048 6467 6181 6542 6347 8.7 7.7Taipei, Chinese 2565 4495 2608 2253 2692 4.7 1.9Thailand 2651 5184 567 1448 2319 7.9 3.7Tunisia 306 462 564 655 ... 5.5 7.7Turkey 1177 1730 4029 3303 5831 5.3 10.8

United Kingdom 22821 I 29204 38260 40104 36078 10.2 10.9United States 79320 108016 129834 155723 172727 15.3 13.7Venezuela b 426 1076 1888 1106 ... 6.5 8.2Zimbabwe b 129 321 ... 181 ... 7.0 8.5


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4.4 Textiles

Table IV.67

World trade in textiles, 2000


Value 157


1980-85 -1

1985-90 15

1990-00 4

1998 -4

1999 -2

2000 7



Table IV.69

Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and inmanufactures by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share of textiles in total merchandise


Share of textiles in manufactures


0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America


Africa

Middle East

Chart IV.13

Regional shares in world trade in textiles, 2000

(Percentage)

Table IV.68

Major regional flows in world exports of textiles, 2000



2000 1990-00 1999 2000


Intra-Western Europe 38.7 -1 -10 -8


Asia to Western Europe 8.0 3 -8 3

Western Europe to

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 7.5 12 -6 5

North America to Latin America 5.2 16 24 29

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Table IV.70

Exports of textiles by principal region, 2000


Share in


2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

World 157.5 - - 100.0 100.0 4 -2 7

Asia

World 71.4 100.0 100.0 35.3 45.4 7 3 15

Asia 42.8 57.9 60.0 20.4 27.2 7 6 17

North America 8.2 10.4 11.5 3.7 5.2 8 4 15

Western Europe 8.0 16.2 11.3 5.7 5.1 3 -8 3

Middle East 4.8 6.5 6.7 2.3 3.0 7 1 19

Latin America 3.8 2.4 5.3 0.8 2.4 16 -1 22

Africa 2.7 2.9 3.8 1.0 1.7 10 7 11


Japan

World 7.0 100.0 100.0 5.6 4.5 2 10 6

Asia 5.4 60.3 76.2 3.4 3.4 4 17 10

Western Europe 0.7 14.2 9.5 0.8 0.4 -2 -2 -9

North America 0.6 11.2 8.9 0.6 0.4 -1 1 4

Middle East 0.3 9.5 3.9 0.5 0.2 -7 -20 -7

All other regions 0.1 4.7 1.6 0.3 0.1 -9 -8 4


World 64.4 100.0 100.0 29.7 40.9 8 2 16

Asia 37.5 57.5 58.2 17.1 23.8 8 5 18

North America 7.6 10.2 11.7 3.0 4.8 9 4 16

Western Europe 7.4 16.6 11.5 4.9 4.7 4 -9 4

Middle East 4.5 5.9 7.0 1.8 2.9 9 3 21

Latin America 3.7 2.6 5.8 0.8 2.4 17 -1 23

Africa 2.7 3.1 4.1 0.9 1.7 11 7 11


Western Europe

World 59.6 100.0 100.0 53.2 37.8 1 -8 -5

Western Europe 38.7 78.1 65.0 41.5 24.6 -1 -10 -8


North America 3.8 4.5 6.4 2.4 2.4 4 6 8

Asia 3.7 5.7 6.2 3.0 2.4 2 0 10

Africa 3.4 4.5 5.7 2.4 2.2 3 -3 -6

Middle East 1.2 2.2 2.1 1.1 0.8 0 -15 -4

Latin America 0.8 0.7 1.3 0.4 0.5 8 -18 9

North America

World 13.1 100.0 100.0 5.5 8.3 9 4 13

Latin America 5.2 20.2 39.7 1.1 3.3 16 24 29

North America 4.9 28.8 36.9 1.6 3.1 11 4 4

Western Europe 1.5 25.0 11.2 1.4 0.9 0 -18 5

Asia 1.3 19.1 10.0 1.1 0.8 2 -4 10

Middle East 0.1 4.4 1.1 0.2 0.1 -5 -24 -29

All other regions 0.1 2.3 2.0 0.1 0.1 0 -16 -6

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Table IV.71

Textile imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000




2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 4132 100.0 -1 3 World 15709 100.0 6 10

North America 2662 64.4 -1 2 Asia 7683 48.9 7 7

Asia 870 21.1 2 8 Western Europe 3289 20.9 3 6

Western Europe 400 9.7 -5 1 Latin America 2009 12.8 8 18

Latin America 139 3.4 4 11 North America 1971 12.5 9 11

Middle East 27 0.7 0 4 Middle East 413 2.6 11 74

C./E. Europe/ C./E. Europe/

Baltic States/CIS 17 0.4 -20 6 Baltic States/CIS 184 1.2 -1 -2

Africa 12 0.3 0 9 Africa 161 1.0 -14 17

Suppliers Suppliers

United States 2662 64.4 -1 2 European Union (15) 2729 17.4 1 5European Union (15) 352 8.5 -2 -1 Canada 1971 12.5 9 11China 246 6.0 10 25 China 1890 12.0 12 12Korea, Rep. of 131 3.2 2 10 Mexico 1604 10.2 11 20India 116 2.8 1 9 India 1155 7.4 12 8

Above 5 3507 84.9 -1 3 Above 5 9349 59.5 8 10

Taipei, Chinese 104 2.5 3 3 Korea, Rep. of 953 6.1 4 5Pakistan 100 2.4 7 9 Pakistan 945 6.0 1 20Mexico 86 2.1 4 8 Taipei, Chinese 776 4.9 6 -5Indonesia 47 1.1 -9 -12 Japan 618 3.9 0 4Japan 43 1.0 -7 -4 Turkey 443 2.8 25 15

Turkey 33 0.8 -20 27 Thailand 352 2.2 4 13Brazil 27 0.7 -6 23 Hong Kong, China 237 1.5 11 5Hong Kong, China 25 0.6 4 -21 Israel 229 1.5 11 11Thailand 22 0.5 -18 11 Brazil 204 1.3 4 26Iran, Islamic Rep. of 13 0.3 -11 -18 Indonesia 198 1.3 -29 12

Switzerland 10 0.2 -11 8 Philippines 127 0.8 30 -12Israel 10 0.2 5 32 Sri Lanka 120 0.8 13 8Australia 9 0.2 -19 -33 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 118 0.7 - -Dominican Republic 8 0.2 93 85 Egypt 117 0.7 -16 22Bangladesh 7 0.2 49 11 Bangladesh 97 0.6 11 3

Czech Rep. 7 0.2 -5 23 Switzerland 95 0.6 -8 0Egypt 6 0.1 7 20 Malaysia 86 0.5 22 7Malaysia 5 0.1 -28 15 Czech Rep. 40 0.3 -1 1Viet Nam 5 0.1 23 -47 Colombia 39 0.3 22 -8South Africa 5 0.1 14 -14 Australia 39 0.2 14 -17

Chile 4 0.1 28 115 Nepal 38 0.2 5 14Uruguay 4 0.1 - - Dominican Republic 35 0.2 -17 5Colombia 4 0.1 61 81 El Salvador 33 0.2 6 -1Romania 3 0.1 -28 -2 South Africa 32 0.2 -3 7Norway 3 0.1 -31 51 Russian Fed. 28 0.2 -16 -27

Sri Lanka 3 0.1 75 23 Peru 24 0.1 -22 24Philippines 3 0.1 -43 32 New Zealand 21 0.1 28 8Poland 2 0.1 -47 10 United Arab Emirates 21 0.1 53 58Saudi Arabia 2 0.1 40 80 Saudi Arabia 20 0.1 -31 91Peru 2 0.1 -22 -49 Uzbekistan 20 0.1 500 66

Haiti 2 0.0 - -55 Bahrain 18 0.1 148 678Nepal 2 0.0 92 54 Poland 18 0.1 13 33New Zealand 2 0.0 33 -17 Macau, China 15 0.1 183 -36Russian Fed. 1 0.0 10 49 Costa Rica 15 0.1 6 -15United Arab Emirates 1 0.0 - - Belarus 15 0.1 35 -37

Above 40 4117 99.6 - - Above 40 15537 98.9 - -

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Textile imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000




2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 49774 100.0 -9 -6 World 4939 100.0 4 9

Western Europe 34880 70.1 -10 -9 Asia 3748 75.9 9 10

Asia 8720 17.5 -7 3 Western Europe 735 14.9 -11 1

C./E. Europe/ North America 353 7.1 -4 9

Baltic States/CIS 2679 5.4 -1 12 Middle East 40 0.8 26 3

North America 1716 3.4 -11 -2 Latin America 34 0.7 -11 0

Africa 754 1.5 -14 9 C./E. Europe/

Middle East 749 1.5 -3 -1 Baltic States/CIS 19 0.4 23 19

Latin America 222 0.4 -18 -6 Africa 10 0.2 -10 11

Suppliers Suppliers

European Union (15) 31386 63.1 -10 -10 China 2037 41.2 12 18Turkey 1917 3.9 2 0 European Union (15) 688 13.9 -10 0China 1875 3.8 -1 22 Korea, Rep. of 402 8.1 13 3India 1848 3.7 -7 2 United States 346 7.0 -4 9United States 1517 3.0 -15 -3 Indonesia 323 6.5 13 3

Above 5 38543 77.4 -10 -7 Above 5 3796 76.9 5 10

Switzerland 1094 2.2 -13 -8 Taipei, Chinese 280 5.7 -1 8Pakistan 1006 2.0 -8 -3 India 174 3.5 1 10Korea, Rep. of 924 1.9 -5 8 Pakistan 152 3.1 -8 -28Czech Rep. 782 1.6 7 12 Thailand 119 2.4 8 7Japan 693 1.4 -2 -11 Viet Nam 94 1.9 12 20

Taipei, Chinese 610 1.2 -10 -7 Malaysia 92 1.9 29 14Indonesia 594 1.2 -21 -4 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 36 0.7 22 10Poland 545 1.1 -3 13 Philippines 27 0.6 34 9Thailand 348 0.7 -9 -10 Switzerland 26 0.5 -22 10Iran, Islamic Rep. of 324 0.7 -9 -9 Turkey 20 0.4 -10 30

Egypt 296 0.6 -22 14 Brazil 18 0.4 -18 -2Hungary 255 0.5 3 9 Bangladesh 13 0.3 0 13Israel 214 0.4 -9 -6 Uzbekistan 12 0.3 36 19Slovak Rep. 196 0.4 -3 9 Hong Kong, China 12 0.2 42 8Slovenia 174 0.3 -9 -1 Mexico 9 0.2 8 -9

Hong Kong, China 161 0.3 1 10 Australia 8 0.2 7 -9Romania 154 0.3 -5 20 Canada 8 0.2 -33 14Tunisia 143 0.3 5 21 Egypt 7 0.1 -8 19Lithuania 128 0.3 3 0 Peru 6 0.1 -20 36Bangladesh 125 0.3 -5 17 Macau, China 4 0.1 9011 103

Estonia 122 0.2 -12 24 Singapore 3 0.1 -40 -4Russian Fed. 120 0.2 0 48 Israel 2 0.0 28 -50Malaysia 113 0.2 -11 -14 Sri Lanka 2 0.0 -2 6Brazil 104 0.2 -12 -2 Saudi Arabia 2 0.0 436 21Canada 102 0.2 -6 -10 Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. of 2 0.0 -39 164

Nepal 102 0.2 -1 -11 Tanzania, United Rep. of 2 0.0 -60 49Latvia 95 0.2 -1 7 New Zealand 2 0.0 -16 2Morocco 95 0.2 -6 12 Romania 1 0.0 -7 -8Norway 86 0.2 -6 -10 South Africa 1 0.0 36 -22South Africa 80 0.2 -8 -5 Poland 1 0.0 - -

Syrian Arab Republic 69 0.1 39 77 Russian Fed. 1 0.0 58 27Bulgaria 64 0.1 -21 -6 Nepal 1 0.0 24 24United Arab Emirates 59 0.1 7 -9 Myanmar 1 0.0 27 5Croatia 58 0.1 -14 7 Hungary 1 0.0 -39 23Viet Nam 52 0.1 36 -2 Lithuania 1 0.0 - -

Above 40 48629 97.7 - - Above 40 4935 99.9 - -


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Table IV.72

Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2000



2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

China a 16.14 4.6 6.9 10.2 8 -7 2 24

Hong Kong, China 13.44 - - - 5 -11 -6 10

domestic exports 1.18 1.7 2.1 0.7 -6 -15 -12 -4

re-exports 12.27 - - - 7 -10 -5 11

Korea, Rep. of 12.78 4.0 5.8 8.1 8 -15 3 10

Italy 11.96 7.6 9.1 7.6 2 1 -8 0

Taipei, Chinese 11.69 3.2 5.9 7.4 7 -13 -2 7

Germany 11.02 11.4 13.5 7.0 -2 3 -10 -10

United States 10.96 6.8 4.8 7.0 8 0 3 15

Japan 7.02 9.3 5.6 4.5 2 -12 10 6

France 6.76 6.2 5.8 4.3 1 5 -7 -4

Belgium 6.40 - - 4.1 - - - -4

India b 5.09 2.1 2.1 3.4 10 -13 12 …

Pakistan 4.53 1.6 2.6 2.9 5 -7 -1 6

United Kingdom 4.21 5.7 4.2 2.7 0 -3 -17 -6

Turkey 3.67 0.6 1.4 2.3 10 6 -2 6

Indonesia 3.51 0.1 1.2 2.2 11 5 28 16

Above 15 116.90 71.0 76.7 74.5 - - - -

Importers

United States 15.71 4.5 6.2 9.4 9 8 6 10

Hong Kong, China 13.72 - - - 3 -17 -7 9

retained imports 1.45 3.7 3.8 0.9 -10 -43 -17 -4

China a 12.83 1.9 4.9 7.7 9 -10 0 16

Germany 9.32 12.1 11.0 5.6 -2 8 -10 -11

United Kingdom 6.91 6.3 6.5 4.1 0 -2 -11 -7

France 6.75 7.2 7.0 4.0 -1 8 -8 -2

Italy 6.12 4.6 5.7 3.7 0 3 -9 2

Mexico a, c 6.10 0.2 0.9 3.6 20 20 41 26

Japan 4.94 2.9 3.8 2.9 2 -25 4 9

Canada c 4.13 2.3 2.2 2.5 6 4 -1 3

Belgium 3.63 - - 2.2 - - - -4

Spain 3.32 0.6 1.9 2.0 5 12 -2 -4

Korea, Rep. of b 3.00 0.7 1.8 1.9 5 -38 35 …

Netherlands 2.64 4.0 3.4 1.6 -3 -24 -4 -6

Poland 2.43 0.5 0.2 1.5 26 14 -7 -4

Above 15 89.27 55.4 62.6 53.4 - - - -




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Table IV.73

Exports of textiles of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

World 104270 I 149730 151310 147750 157460 3.1 2.5

Austria 2084 I 1989 1828 1531 1376 5.0 2.2Bangladesh 343 432 433 ... ... 20.5 8.6Belgium - - - 6694 6402 - 3.4Belgium-Luxembourg 6375 I 7880 7472 - - 5.4 4.2Brazil 769 999 892 822 900 2.4 1.6Bulgaria ... 173 146 104 109 ... 2.3China b 7219 13918 12817 13043 16135 11.6 6.5Colombia 133 278 267 237 268 2.0 2.1Croatia - 124 89 82 87 - 2.0Czech Rep. b - 1342 1136 I 1072 1218 - 4.2

Egypt 554 570 441 355 ... 21.4 10.0France 6058 I 7468 I 7570 7025 6762 2.8 2.3Germany 14033 I 14389 13672 12281 11018 3.3 2.0Greece 500 I 521 537 411 ... 6.2 4.0Hong Kong, China 8213 13815 13040 12271 13442 10.0 6.6 domestic exports 2171 1814 1390 1223 1176 7.5 5.0 re-exports 6042 12001 11650 11048 12266 11.3 6.9India 2180 4358 4558 5086 ... 12.1 14.0Indonesia 1241 2713 2359 3019 3505 4.8 5.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of c 510 610 640 781 ... 3.0 4.0Israel 270 399 473 477 490 2.2 1.6Italy 9492 I 12797 13035 12011 11958 5.6 5.0

Japan 5859 7178 5971 6598 7023 2.0 1.5Korea, Rep. of 6076 12313 11279 11618 12780 9.3 7.4Luxembourg - - - 373 ... - 4.7Macau, China 136 169 175 228 272 8.0 10.8Malaysia b 343 1129 1094 1120 ... 1.2 1.3Mexico b 713 1283 2030 2302 2551 1.8 1.5Morocco b 203 177 I 128 133 ... 4.8 1.8Netherlands 2911 I 3526 3089 2931 2664 2.2 1.3Pakistan 2663 4256 4302 4258 4532 47.6 49.4Peru 221 172 164 115 138 6.8 2.0

Philippines b 132 280 287 276 311 1.6 0.8Poland 284 512 I 753 727 769 2.0 2.4Portugal 1328 I 1627 1773 1766 1572 8.1 6.7Romania 125 178 191 165 196 2.5 1.9Russian Fed. c - 374 I 423 390 494 - 0.5Singapore 903 1496 860 853 909 1.7 0.7 domestic exports 141 263 203 249 295 0.4 0.4 re-exports 762 1233 657 604 614 4.3 1.0Slovak Rep. - 375 I 387 375 392 - 3.3Slovenia - 322 324 286 ... - 3.3Spain 1497 I 2595 3235 3066 2966 2.7 2.6Sri Lanka 25 164 ... 206 ... 1.3 4.5

Switzerland 2557 2267 1811 1641 1533 4.0 1.9Taipei, Chinese 6128 11882 11159 10906 11687 9.1 7.9Thailand 928 1937 1760 1818 2115 4.0 3.1Tunisia 112 165 126 129 ... 3.2 2.2Turkey 1440 2527 3549 3478 3672 11.1 13.8United Kingdom 4379 I 5163 5427 4484 4214 2.4 1.5United States 5039 7372 9216 9510 10955 1.3 1.4Uruguay 85 90 85 59 ... 5.0 2.6


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Table IV.74

Imports of textiles of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

Argentina 53 428 798 632 ... 1.3 2.5Australia b 1442 1790 1636 1667 1554 3.6 2.3Austria 1971 I 2043 1751 1600 1424 4.0 2.1Bangladesh 452 1481 1522 ... ... 13.2 21.7Belgium - - - 3774 3625 - 2.1Belgium-Luxembourg 3579 I 4153 4422 - - 3.0 2.7Brazil 252 1362 1065 898 1112 1.1 1.9Canada b 2325 3204 4031 3996 4132 2.0 1.7Chile 203 479 452 381 431 2.6 2.4China c 5292 10914 11082 11079 12832 9.9 5.7

Colombia 75 383 467 413 558 1.3 4.8Croatia - 210 194 160 249 - 3.1Czech Rep. b, c - 935 1122 I 1095 1203 - 3.7Egypt 211 280 394 334 ... 2.3 2.1France 7595 I 7492 I 7504 6913 6750 3.2 2.2Germany 11868 I 12485 11652 10517 9316 3.3 1.9Greece 1204 I 1158 1137 935 771 6.1 2.7Hong Kong, China 10182 16859 13484 12562 13717 12.0 6.4 retained imports 4140 4858 1834 1514 1451 13.2 4.1Hungary c 270 888 I 1169 1146 1078 2.6 3.4Indonesia 785 1308 1021 866 1251 3.6 3.7

Israel 474 820 769 758 759 2.8 2.0Italy 6133 I 6388 6603 6017 6121 3.4 2.6Japan 4106 5985 4357 4547 4939 1.7 1.3Korea, Rep. of 1946 3959 2218 3001 ... 2.8 2.5Kuwait 168 262 245 206 ... 4.2 2.7Luxembourg - - - 221 ... - 2.0Macau, China 619 698 842 803 902 40.4 40.3Malaysia c 951 1535 924 1015 ... 3.3 1.6Mauritius 350 442 468 417 411 21.6 18.7Mexico b, c 992 1768 3435 4838 6097 2.5 3.5

Morocco c 361 399 I 1441 1400 ... 5.3 14.1Netherlands 3615 I 3502 2907 2799 2637 2.9 1.3New Zealand 396 480 340 400 370 4.2 2.6Philippines c 910 1245 1195 1278 1216 7.0 3.5Poland 245 2165 I 2747 2544 2433 2.1 4.9Portugal 1681 I 1954 2105 1949 1703 6.7 4.5Romania 67 933 1470 1575 1715 0.9 13.1Russian Fed. d - 691 I 1272 1013 1198 - 2.7Saudi Arabia 1312 1229 1075 996 986 5.5 3.0Singapore 1778 2109 1049 1119 1279 2.9 0.9 retained imports 1016 876 392 515 665 2.4 0.9

Slovenia - 335 384 353 ... - 3.5South Africa b 561 736 597 562 586 3.3 2.2Spain 2050 I 2727 3506 3444 3319 2.3 2.2Sri Lanka 412 1163 ... 1331 ... 15.4 22.6Switzerland 1849 1884 1569 1467 1354 2.7 1.6Thailand 898 1534 1159 1345 1763 2.7 2.8Tunisia 790 1289 1441 1332 ... 14.3 15.7Turkey 567 1811 2317 1907 2124 2.5 3.9United Arab Emirates d 1009 2028 1926 2024 ... 9.0 6.2United Kingdom 7018 I 7699 8307 7411 6912 3.1 2.1United States 6730 10441 13462 14305 15709 1.3 1.2


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4.5 Clothing

Table IV.75

World trade in clothing, 2000


Value 199


1980-85 4

1985-90 17

1990-00 6

1998 1

1999 0

2000 7



Table IV.77

Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and inmanufactures by region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share of clothing in total merchandise


Share of clothing in manufactures


0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Western Europe

Asia

North America

Latin America


Africa

Middle East

Chart IV.14

Regional shares in world trade in clothing, 2000

(Percentage)

Table IV.76

Major regional flows in world exports of clothing, 2000



2000 1990-00 1999 2000


Asia to North America 35.8 5 -1 15

Intra-Asia 24.4 11 7 17




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Table IV.78

Exports of clothing by principal region, 2000


Share in


2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1999 2000

World 198.94 - - 100.0 100.0 6 0 7

Asia

World 89.39 100.0 100.0 43.6 44.9 7 1 13

North America 35.76 44.7 40.0 19.5 18.0 5 -1 15

Asia 24.42 18.6 27.3 8.1 12.3 11 7 17

Western Europe 20.79 29.9 23.3 13.0 10.5 4 2 5


Middle East 2.48 2.7 2.8 1.2 1.2 7 13 21

Latin America 2.07 1.0 2.3 0.4 1.0 17 -2 31

Africa 1.03 0.7 1.2 0.3 0.5 12 9 19

Western Europe

World 57.22 100.0 100.0 43.6 28.8 2 -4 -4

Western Europe 43.99 82.7 76.9 36.1 22.1 1 -2 -6

North America 4.35 5.8 7.6 2.5 2.2 5 4 11


Asia 2.89 5.2 5.0 2.3 1.5 2 -9 3

Middle East 1.20 1.1 2.1 0.5 0.6 9 -13 2

Africa 1.11 1.1 1.9 0.5 0.6 8 -10 -16

Latin America 0.44 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 7 -13 3

Latin America

World 22.62 100.0 100.0 3.3 11.4 20 10 22

North America 21.32 79.2 94.3 2.6 10.7 23 10 23

Latin America 1.03 12.4 4.5 0.4 0.5 9 7 22

Western Europe 0.21 7.3 0.9 0.2 0.1 -2 -17 6

All other regions 0.04 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 3 15 -11

North America

World 10.71 100.0 100.0 2.7 5.4 14 -3 5

Latin America 6.79 47.4 63.4 1.3 3.4 17 -4 5

North America 2.75 18.2 25.7 0.5 1.4 18 7 7

Asia 0.65 14.8 6.1 0.4 0.3 4 -6 3

Western Europe 0.42 16.9 4.0 0.5 0.2 -1 -19 -8

All other regions 0.09 2.7 0.9 0.1 0.0 2 -29 -10

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Table IV.79

Clothing imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000




2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 3690 100.0 0 12 World 66392 100.0 6 13

Asia 2526 68.5 3 17 Asia 36830 55.5 3 12

North America 549 14.9 -10 -3 Latin America 20065 30.2 10 13

Western Europe 273 7.4 -5 7 Western Europe 3933 5.9 -1 11

Latin America 237 6.4 12 11 North America 1974 3.0 12 12

C./E. Europe/ Middle East 1464 2.2 14 21

Baltic States/CIS 47 1.3 -11 42 Africa 1320 2.0 3 22


Middle East 24 0.7 38 33 Baltic States/CIS 807 1.2 -10 43

Suppliers Suppliers

China 917 24.9 9 23 Mexico 9021 13.6 15 14United States 549 14.9 -10 -3 China 8758 13.2 4 13Hong Kong, China 345 9.4 -8 5 Hong Kong, China 4736 7.1 -3 4India 246 6.7 16 16 European Union (15) 2643 4.0 -2 6European Union (15) 220 6.0 -7 2 Korea, Rep. of 2542 3.8 12 7

Above 5 2278 61.7 -1 10 Above 5 27700 41.7 6 11

Korea, Rep. of 213 5.8 8 17 Dominican Republic 2531 3.8 0 5Mexico 139 3.8 26 26 Honduras 2496 3.8 15 11Taipei, Chinese 111 3.0 -10 13 Indonesia 2263 3.4 2 17Bangladesh 104 2.8 3 20 Taipei, Chinese 2234 3.4 -5 2Thailand 100 2.7 14 6 Thailand 2206 3.3 6 17

Indonesia 91 2.5 -4 5 Bangladesh 2186 3.3 5 22Malaysia 79 2.1 -1 1 India 2067 3.1 1 16Philippines 63 1.7 -10 25 Philippines 1990 3.0 3 4Pakistan 60 1.6 5 11 Canada 1974 3.0 12 12Sri Lanka 48 1.3 -10 29 El Salvador 1654 2.5 14 22

Macau, China 39 1.1 -9 27 Sri Lanka 1557 2.3 -2 13Turkey 38 1.0 16 22 Guatemala 1552 2.3 8 21Myanmar 32 0.9 81 173 Malaysia 1343 2.0 -5 0Viet Nam 24 0.7 -18 13 Macau, China 1189 1.8 2 11Honduras 24 0.6 10 -10 Turkey 1114 1.7 7 24

Dominican Republic 23 0.6 18 -6 Pakistan 1049 1.6 8 20Russian Fed. 17 0.5 101 574 Costa Rica 855 1.3 1 1Singapore 13 0.4 58 -1 Cambodia 835 1.3 64 33El Salvador 11 0.3 15 16 Israel 493 0.7 16 12Mauritius 11 0.3 10 -15 Colombia 427 0.6 3 11

Cambodia 11 0.3 91 51 Egypt 419 0.6 -7 20Israel 10 0.3 16 23 Myanmar 419 0.6 46 109Egypt 9 0.2 14 -5 Peru 398 0.6 38 25Japan 8 0.2 3 38 Singapore 368 0.6 8 7Guatemala 7 0.2 -17 -2 United Arab Emirates 357 0.5 12 13

Costa Rica 7 0.2 -36 -27 Nicaragua 349 0.5 20 23United Arab Emirates 6 0.2 144 22 Jamaica 278 0.4 -19 -20Peru 6 0.2 51 -18 Russian Fed. 269 0.4 47 93Romania 6 0.2 -5 -12 Haiti 267 0.4 14 1Poland 5 0.1 12 -3 Mauritius 253 0.4 -1 3

Above 35 3593 97.4 - - Above 35 63091 95.0 - -

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Clothing imports of selected economies by region and supplier, 2000



Annual percentage Annual percentage Value Share change Value Share change

2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 1999 2000

Region Region

World 85909 100.0 0 -1 World 19709 100.0 11 20

Western Europe 40763 47.4 -2 -7 Asia 17573 89.2 16 24

Asia 27808 32.4 6 8 Western Europe 1515 7.7 -12 -6

C./E. Europe/ North America 496 2.5 -5 -4

Baltic States/CIS 8852 10.3 -2 0 Latin America 66 0.3 12 2


Middle East 769 0.9 0 -5 Baltic States/CIS 32 0.2 -4 19

North America 614 0.7 -15 -11 Africa 17 0.1 0 42

Latin America 347 0.4 -1 6 Middle East 8 0.0 -14 33

Suppliers Suppliers

European Union (15) 33456 38.9 -2 -7 China 14713 74.7 20 29China 8096 9.4 11 6 European Union (15) 1476 7.5 -12 -7Turkey 5500 6.4 -1 1 Korea, Rep. of 951 4.8 14 -8Hong Kong, China 4745 5.5 2 3 Viet Nam 591 3.0 4 31Tunisia 2641 3.1 -2 -5 United States 468 2.4 -4 -4

Above 5 54438 63.4 0 -4 Above 5 18200 92.3 14 21

Romania 2516 2.9 6 7 Thailand 293 1.5 -5 -3India 2479 2.9 0 7 Indonesia 222 1.1 -7 1Bangladesh 2426 2.8 3 22 Malaysia 150 0.8 14 11Morocco 2371 2.8 -2 -1 India 140 0.7 1 55Poland 1869 2.2 -8 -10 Philippines 114 0.6 3 -4

Indonesia 1851 2.2 2 11 Taipei, Chinese 112 0.6 -13 -18Thailand 1117 1.3 9 2 Hong Kong, China 105 0.5 -35 8Hungary 981 1.1 -12 -11 Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. of 67 0.3 -7 13Korea, Rep. of 928 1.1 17 4 Canada 28 0.1 -21 4Pakistan 867 1.0 -4 4 Mexico 27 0.1 38 10

Sri Lanka 864 1.0 8 7 Nepal 25 0.1 75 1010Viet Nam 780 0.9 7 6 Bangladesh 18 0.1 -33 10Malaysia 723 0.8 -8 0 Sri Lanka 17 0.1 -2 8Bulgaria 686 0.8 5 9 Switzerland 16 0.1 -21 3Mauritius 674 0.8 0 -1 Pakistan 15 0.1 -15 32

Taipei, Chinese 572 0.7 1 -2 Macau, China 14 0.1 -27 4Czech Rep. 515 0.6 -9 -5 Turkey 13 0.1 -14 64Macau, China 512 0.6 -5 3 Hungary 11 0.1 -9 -15United States 502 0.6 -20 -13 Romania 8 0.0 3 76Lithuania 470 0.5 5 4 Honduras 7 0.0 12 22

Croatia 448 0.5 -9 -12 Tunisia 7 0.0 0 108Slovak Rep. 444 0.5 -4 -3 Singapore 7 0.0 44 -22Ukraine 359 0.4 7 11 Slovenia 7 0.0 -21 12Slovenia 349 0.4 -16 -14 El Salvador 6 0.0 -19 -4Philippines 332 0.4 -4 11 Peru 6 0.0 4 -16

Switzerland 299 0.3 -8 -18 Myanmar 5 0.0 -33 8United Arab Emirates 277 0.3 -5 5 Dominican Republic 4 0.0 38 -8Egypt 271 0.3 7 -2 Brazil 4 0.0 25 15Israel 265 0.3 9 -16 Mauritius 4 0.0 -8 -13Myanmar 255 0.3 44 67 Mongolia 3 0.0 39 32

Cambodia 252 0.3 46 13 Morocco 3 0.0 -7 55Madagascar 248 0.3 10 3 Czech Rep. 3 0.0 -36 14Singapore 238 0.3 8 18 Australia 3 0.0 -8 -16TFYR Macedonia 236 0.3 6 -9 Colombia 3 0.0 -19 18Latvia 190 0.2 7 1 Israel 2 0.0 -24 10

Above 40 82604 96.2 - - Above 40 19669 99.8 - -


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Table IV.80

Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2000



2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

China a 36.07 4.0 9.0 18.1 14 -6 0 20

Hong Kong, China 24.22 - - - 5 -4 1 8

domestic exports 9.94 11.5 8.6 5.0 1 4 -1 4

re-exports 14.28 - - - 9 -9 2 12

Italy 13.22 11.3 11.0 6.6 1 -1 -7 -3

Mexico a 8.70 0.0 0.5 4.4 31 17 18 12

United States 8.65 3.1 2.4 4.3 13 1 -6 5

Germany 6.84 7.1 7.3 3.4 -1 7 -3 -12

Turkey 6.53 0.3 3.1 3.3 7 5 -8 0

France 5.43 5.7 4.3 2.7 2 8 -1 -5

India b 5.15 1.5 2.3 2.8 8 10 8 …

Korea, Rep. of 5.03 7.3 7.3 2.5 -4 11 5 3

Indonesia 4.73 0.2 1.5 2.4 11 -9 47 23

United Kingdom 4.11 4.6 2.8 2.1 3 -7 -9 -8

Thailand 3.95 0.7 2.6 2.0 3 -4 -2 14

Belgium 3.94 - - 2.0 - - - -4

Taipei, Chinese 2.97 6.0 3.7 1.5 -3 -6 -10 4

Above 15 125.24 65.6 68.2 63.1 - - - -

Importers

United States 66.39 16.4 24.1 31.6 9 11 6 13

Japan 19.71 3.6 7.8 9.4 8 -12 11 20

Germany 19.31 19.7 18.2 9.2 -1 1 -7 -10

Hong Kong, China 16.01 - - - 9 -5 3 8

retained imports 1.73 0.9 0.7 0.8 8 45 9 -12

United Kingdom 12.99 6.8 6.2 6.2 6 7 5 4

France 11.48 6.2 7.5 5.5 3 8 -1 -1

Italy 6.07 1.9 2.3 2.9 9 10 2 2

Netherlands 4.83 6.8 4.3 2.3 0 -11 1 -9

Belgium 4.81 - - 2.3 - - - -4

Spain 3.77 0.4 1.5 1.8 9 7 15 2

Canada c 3.69 1.7 2.1 1.8 4 8 0 12

Mexico a, c 3.41 0.3 0.5 1.6 20 12 -3 -6

Switzerland 3.22 3.4 3.1 1.5 -1 4 -3 -5

Russian Fed. d 2.96 - - 1.4 - -13 -28 29

Austria 2.47 2.2 2.1 1.2 1 2 -6 -12

Above 15 166.83 74.5 83.3 79.4 - - - -





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Table IV.81

Exports of clothing of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

World 108000 I 157370 186020 186110 198940 3.2 3.2

Austria 1169 I 1287 1377 1258 1035 2.8 1.6Bangladesh 643 1969 3786 ... ... 38.5 74.9Belgium - - - 4127 3942 - 2.1Belgium-Luxembourg 2000 I 2723 4042 - - 1.7 2.3Bulgaria ... 236 451 570 691 ... 14.6China b 9669 24049 30048 30078 36071 15.6 14.5Colombia 460 552 433 427 520 6.8 4.0Croatia - 673 556 524 469 - 10.7Czech Rep. b - 523 705 I 655 634 - 2.2Denmark 859 I 1274 1752 1878 1738 2.3 3.5

Egypt 144 253 333 278 ... 5.6 7.8France 4671 I 5621 I 5748 5685 5427 2.2 1.8Germany 7882 I 7500 8014 7768 6837 1.9 1.2Greece 1714 I 1845 1821 1505 1260 21.1 12.3Hong Kong, China 15406 21297 22164 22371 24215 18.7 12.0 domestic exports 9266 9540 9667 9571 9935 31.9 42.0 re-exports 6140 11757 12497 12800 14280 11.5 8.0Hungary b 375 1032 I 1277 1311 1221 3.8 4.3India 2530 4110 4782 5153 ... 14.1 14.2Indonesia 1646 3376 2630 3857 4734 6.4 7.6Israel 482 663 651 731 729 4.0 2.3Italy 11839 I 14175 14744 13674 13217 7.0 5.6

Jamaica 83 287 ... ... ... 7.3 16.5Korea, Rep. of 7879 4957 4651 4871 5026 12.1 2.9Luxembourg - - - 66 ... - 0.8Macau, China 1111 1377 1642 1630 1849 65.6 73.1Malaysia b 1315 2266 2302 2253 ... 4.5 2.7Mauritius 619 808 970 920 949 51.9 63.6Mexico b 587 2731 6603 7772 8696 1.4 5.2Morocco b 722 797 I 2542 2496 2364 16.9 31.9Netherlands 2189 I 2771 2860 2939 2612 1.7 1.2Pakistan 1014 1611 1840 1846 2144 18.1 23.4

Peru 120 202 336 414 497 3.7 7.1Philippines b 1733 2420 2324 2111 2385 21.5 6.0Poland 384 2304 I 2387 2201 1884 2.7 6.0Portugal 3491 I 3805 3462 3266 2675 21.3 11.5Romania 363 1360 1979 2044 2328 7.3 22.5Russian Fed. c - 240 I 279 352 246 - 0.2Singapore 1588 1464 1427 1603 1831 3.0 1.3 domestic exports 995 587 430 471 510 2.9 0.6 re-exports 593 877 997 1132 1321 3.3 2.2Slovak Rep. - 257 I 540 538 521 - 4.4Slovenia - 659 538 461 ... - 5.4Spain 598 I 1115 1730 2050 2009 1.1 1.8

Sri Lanka 638 1758 ... 2287 ... 32.2 49.9Taipei, Chinese 3987 3251 3189 2862 2967 5.9 2.0Thailand 2817 5008 3540 3453 3948 12.2 5.7Tunisia 1126 2322 2474 2375 ... 31.9 40.4Turkey 3331 6119 7058 6516 6533 25.7 24.6United Kingdom 3042 I 4648 4920 4487 4111 1.6 1.4United States 2565 6651 8793 8269 8646 0.7 1.1Uruguay 153 131 145 106 ... 9.0 4.7


a Or nearest year.



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Table IV.82

Imports of clothing of selected economies, 1990-00



1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 1990 2000 a

Australia b 711 1262 1519 1661 1781 1.8 2.6Austria 2346 I 3089 2967 2791 2469 4.8 3.6Belgium - - - 5012 4811 - 2.8Belgium-Luxembourg 3590 I 4378 5297 - - 3.0 3.2Canada b 2388 2688 3269 3282 3690 2.0 1.5Chile 52 290 468 419 501 0.7 2.8Croatia - 271 257 215 278 - 3.5Czech Rep. b, c - 460 438 I 425 425 - 1.3Denmark 1069 I 1808 2315 2379 2209 3.2 5.0Finland 887 I 796 933 907 848 3.3 2.5

France 8381 I 10285 I 11653 11564 11480 3.6 3.8Germany 20411 I 24544 23084 21442 19306 5.7 3.9Greece 433 I 794 1054 931 877 2.2 3.1Hong Kong, China 6913 12654 14297 14757 16009 8.2 7.5 retained imports 773 897 1800 1957 1729 2.5 4.9Hungary c 167 378 I 446 510 510 1.6 1.6Ireland 826 I 842 1146 1166 1204 4.0 2.4Israel 61 269 364 356 471 0.4 1.2Italy 2580 I 4651 5847 5961 6067 1.4 2.6Jamaica 87 227 ... ... ... 4.7 7.0Japan 8737 18758 14723 16402 19709 3.7 5.2

Jordan 28 56 62 ... 61 1.1 1.3Korea, Rep. of 151 1073 504 763 ... 0.2 0.6Kuwait 206 319 372 330 ... 5.2 4.3Luxembourg - - - 237 ... - 2.2Macau, China 26 89 126 169 214 1.7 9.6Mexico b, c 573 1912 3750 3627 3405 1.4 2.0Netherlands 4768 I 5012 5274 5321 4833 3.8 2.5New Zealand 149 305 352 401 401 1.6 2.9Norway 1231 1419 1429 1380 1288 4.5 3.8Poland 209 318 I 599 621 536 1.8 1.1

Portugal 436 I 851 985 1027 922 1.7 2.4Romania 26 170 272 292 322 0.3 2.5Russian Fed. d - 678 I 3186 2294 2962 - 6.7Saudi Arabia 833 880 922 782 813 3.5 2.5Singapore 922 1644 1410 1650 1887 1.5 1.4 retained imports 329 767 413 518 566 0.8 0.7Slovenia - 262 448 398 ... - 4.0Spain 1649 I 2606 3198 3678 3765 1.9 2.5Sweden 2510 I 2127 2170 2163 2077 4.6 2.9Switzerland 3437 3821 3528 3410 3223 4.9 3.9Tunisia 191 435 517 476 ... 3.4 5.6

United Arab Emirates d 528 1120 1365 1458 ... 4.7 4.5United Kingdom 6961 I 8344 11977 12533 12992 3.1 3.9United States 26977 41367 55720 58785 66392 5.2 5.3


a Or nearest year.





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5. Commercial services

5.1 Transportation services

Table IV.83

World exports of transportation services, 2000


Value 330


1990-00 4

1998 -1

1999 0

2000 6

Share in world exports of commercial services 23.0

Chart IV.15

World exports of transportation servicesand share in total commercial services, 1993-00(Billion dollars and percentage)

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1999 2000199819971996199519941993

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Share (right scale)Value (left scale)

Table IV.84

Share of transportation services in total trade ofcommercial services by selected region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports




European Union (15) 22.4 23.8

Africa 26.1 39.0

Asia 27.0 32.8

Japan 37.5 30.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Chart IV.16Regional shares in world trade in transportationservices, 2000(Percentage)

Western Europe

Asia

North America

All other regions

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Table IV.85

Leading exporters and importers of transportation services, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

United States 51.2 16.7 15.5 3 -5 2 9

Japan 25.6 8.0 7.7 4 -3 8 12

Netherlands 20.8 5.8 6.3 5 1 1 -2

Germany 19.4 6.6 5.9 3 5 -2 -3

France 19.4 7.3 5.9 2 5 -4 -1

United Kingdom 18.2 6.1 5.5 3 5 -2 -3

Hong Kong, China 13.7 3.1 4.1 7 -3 -6 14

Korea, Rep. of 12.8 1.4 3.9 15 -7 12 11

Denmark 11.0 1.9 3.3 10 4 7 40


Norway 9.5 3.8 2.9 1 -5 -1 15

Italy 8.9 4.6 2.7 -1 0 -7 -10

Spain 7.8 2.1 2.3 5 7 2 4

Canada 7.2 1.9 2.2 5 -1 6 14

Singapore 5.3 1.0 1.6 9 -14 3 17

Above 15 240.0 73.6 72.9 4 -1 1 6

Importers

United States 64.6 13.6 15.8 6 7 10 16

Japan 35.1 10.2 8.6 3 -9 8 15

Germany 25.0 6.6 6.1 4 7 -3 3

United Kingdom 22.0 5.7 5.4 4 5 1 -5

France 19.5 6.7 4.8 1 4 -5 3

Netherlands 14.6 4.2 3.6 3 9 2 -3

Italy 13.7 4.2 3.3 2 0 -5 6

Korea, Rep. of 11.0 1.5 2.7 11 -13 11 11

China 10.4 1.2 2.5 12 -32 17 32

Denmark 9.4 1.5 2.3 9 2 -1 35

Canada 9.3 2.2 2.3 5 -5 3 14

Belgium-Luxembourg 8.3 2.3 2.0 3 -2 -3 14

India 8.2 1.3 2.0 9 4 -2 18

Spain 8.1 1.8 2.0 6 9 8 4

Singapore 8.0 1.3 2.0 9 -8 8 27

Above 15 265.0 64.5 65.2 5 0 4 11

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5.2 Travel services

Table IV.86

World exports of travel services, 2000


Value 465


1990-00 6

1998 1

1999 2

2000 5

Share in world exports of commercial services 32.4

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1999 2000199819971996199519941992

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Share (right scale)Value (left scale)

Chart IV.17

World exports of travel servicesand share in total commercial services, 1993-00(Billion dollars and percentage)

Table IV.87

Share of travel services in total trade of commercial services by selected region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports





Africa 48.9 20.4

Asia 26.9 27.4

Japan 4.9 27.6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Chart IV.18Regional shares in world trade in travelservices, 2000(Percentage)

Western Europe

Asia

North America

All other regions

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Table IV.88

Leading exporters and importers of travel services, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

United States 100.5 19.0 21.6 7 -1 5 12

Spain 30.9 7.0 6.7 5 12 8 -4

France 30.9 7.6 6.6 4 8 6 -1

Italy 27.4 6.2 5.9 5 0 -5 -3

United Kingdom 21.7 5.9 4.7 3 5 -4 -5

Germany 17.6 5.4 3.8 2 1 -1 5

China 16.2 0.7 3.5 25 4 12 15

Canada 10.6 2.4 2.3 5 6 8 4

Austria 10.0 5.1 2.1 -3 2 -1 -10

Australia 8.4 1.6 1.8 7 -16 9 5

Mexico 8.3 2.1 1.8 4 4 -9 15

Switzerland 7.7 2.8 1.6 0 1 -2 -2

Turkey 7.6 1.2 1.6 9 2 -28 47

Hong Kong, China 7.5 2.0 1.6 3 -23 -4 10


Above 15 315.0 70.4 67.3 5 1 3 5

Importers

United States 67.3 14.6 15.5 6 9 5 10

Germany 47.1 13.0 10.8 3 2 -1 -3

United Kingdom 38.0 7.0 8.7 8 17 11 3

Japan 31.9 9.6 7.3 2 -13 14 -3

France 17.9 4.7 4.1 4 8 -2 -3

Italy 15.4 4.0 3.6 4 6 -4 -9

China 13.1 0.2 3.0 39 13 18 21

Hong Kong, China 12.5 1.8 2.9 10 6 -3 -5

Netherlands 12.2 2.8 2.8 5 7 0 1

Canada 12.1 4.2 2.8 1 -6 5 7

Russian Fed. 10.2 - 2.4 … -14 -18 44

Belgium-Luxembourg 10.2 2.1 2.3 6 6 19 -3

Austria 8.5 3.0 1.9 1 -5 -4 -8

Taipei, Chinese 8.1 1.9 1.9 5 -11 1 10

Sweden 8.0 2.4 1.9 2 18 4 0

Above 15 315.0 73.5 72.0 5 3 4 3

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5.3 Other commercial services

Table IV.89

World exports of other commercial services, 2000


Value 640


1990-00 8

1998 2

1999 2

2000 6

Share in world trade in commercial services 44.6

Chart IV.19

World exports of other commercial servicesand share in total commercial services, 1993-00(Billion dollars and percentage)

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

60

1999 2000199819971996199519941993

600

700

500

400

300

200

100

0

Share (right scale)

Value (left scale)

Table IV.90

Share of other commercial services in total trade of commercial services by selected region, 2000(Percentage)

Exports Imports





Africa 25.1 40.7

Asia 46.0 39.8

Japan 57.6 42.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Exports

Imports

Chart IV.20

Regional shares in world trade in other commercialservices, 2000(Percentage)

Western Europe

Asia

North America

All other regions

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Table IV.91

Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2000



2000 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

Exporters

United States 122.9 15.3 19.2 11 8 5 9

United Kingdom 60.0 8.2 9.4 10 11 8 -3

Germany 43.0 7.6 6.7 7 0 1 1

Japan 39.3 6.8 6.1 7 -12 -8 16

France 30.8 10.1 4.8 0 4 -11 1

Netherlands 24.4 3.9 3.8 8 4 9 -1


Hong Kong, China 20.9 2.0 3.3 14 2 11 14

Italy 20.4 7.5 3.2 -1 1 -14 -9

Canada 19.4 2.6 3.0 10 7 4 10

Austria 15.7 2.7 2.5 7 -5 15 2

Switzerland 15.6 2.9 2.4 6 8 4 1

Singapore 15.5 2.0 2.4 10 -49 46 12

Spain 14.3 1.5 2.2 13 15 13 8

Ireland 12.6 0.3 2.0 32 … -1 11

Above 15 480.0 77.9 74.9 8 4 3 5

Importers

United States 67.0 8.2 11.3 11 15 -2 15

Germany 60.2 9.5 10.2 8 4 10 0

Japan 48.7 11.0 8.2 4 -8 -5 -4

Italy 26.6 8.5 4.5 1 10 -14 -3

Netherlands 24.3 3.6 4.1 9 3 9 5

France 24.1 6.9 4.1 2 7 -9 -5

Ireland 23.5 0.9 4.0 24 … -8 9

United Kingdom 22.1 3.9 3.7 7 7 3 -2

Canada 20.4 3.6 3.4 7 3 3 8


Austria 17.7 1.7 3.0 13 -6 19 2

Spain 17.3 2.1 2.9 11 16 14 2

Korea, Rep. of 15.1 1.1 2.6 17 -1 2 27

China 12.3 0.1 2.1 41 9 16 1

Sweden 11.7 2.3 2.0 6 20 12 7

Above 15 410.0 67.8 69.3 7 9 1 4

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163

Appendix tables

Table A1

World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1990-00

(Index, 1990=100)

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

World merchandise exports

Value

Total merchandise a 102 108 107 121 145 152 157 155 161 181

Agricultural products 101 108 104 119 139 143 142 136 132 135

Mining products 94 93 88 91 108 127 130 104 119 169

Manufactures 103 112 111 128 152 159 167 170 176 194

Unit value



Mining products 92 87 81 80 86 96 90 69 80 113

Manufactures 100 103 99 102 111 109 102 99 96 92

Volume



Mining products 103 107 108 114 125 132 144 151 148 149

Manufactures 104 109 112 126 137 146 163 172 184 210

World merchandise production

Total merchandise 100 100 100 103 107 111 116 118 121 127

Agriculture 100 103 103 106 108 113 116 117 120 122

Mining 100 100 102 104 106 109 112 114 112 116

Manufacturing 99 99 99 102 107 110 116 119 123 130

World real GDP 101 102 103 105 107 110 114 117 120 125

a Includes unspecified products.Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.

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164

Table A2

Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1990, 1995 and 2000

(Billion dollars)

North LatinDestination World a America America Western Europe C/E.Europe/Baltic States/CIS

C/E RussianTotal EU (15) Total b Europe Fed.

Origin

World 1990 3388.00 619.65 129.22 1627.67 1482.42 118.93 50.48 -1995 4934.00 898.03 238.14 2114.42 1936.80 151.47 94.47 …2000 6186.00 1405.90 345.85 2437.90 2232.58 228.72 135.52 42.50

North America 1990 521.78 178.50 56.03 125.27 114.31 5.26 1.21 -1995 777.37 279.21 99.98 147.73 135.63 6.16 2.14 …2000 1058.10 420.56 174.06 195.32 177.99 6.36 2.76 2.22

Latin America 1990 146.77 66.66 20.48 31.19 29.64 6.67 0.84 -1995 228.66 107.54 46.78 39.62 36.94 2.03 0.62 …2000 358.70 220.10 61.59 45.01 41.60 2.72 1.03 1.33

Western Europe 1990 1637.12 128.41 29.35 1168.99 1065.29 62.03 28.55 -1995 2215.47 162.11 53.60 1530.71 1399.82 97.30 62.65 …2000 2441.31 263.34 54.85 1653.62 1512.25 129.49 94.37 19.37

European Union (15) 1990 1508.80 117.75 27.25 1080.30 979.66 55.27 25.95 -1995 2051.50 147.89 50.61 1420.55 1295.27 89.91 58.82 …2000 2251.25 239.00 51.57 1525.78 1392.34 121.60 89.64 17.82

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS b 1990 105.42 2.55 3.15 58.20 49.70 25.10 14.20 -1995 159.48 7.53 3.52 93.50 81.62 29.00 21.89 …2000 270.99 11.52 6.25 146.60 128.96 72.10 28.94 13.36

Central and Eastern Europe 1990 46.42 … … … … … … -1995 79.46 … … … … … … …2000 116.00 4.38 0.89 85.78 79.46 19.21 13.63 2.02

Russian Fed. 1990 - - - - - - - -1995 … … … … … … … -2000 105.20 4.85 4.40 45.61 36.89 31.77 12.24 -

Africa 1990 104.08 15.80 1.56 59.87 54.27 2.33 1.15 -1995 107.26 15.17 2.33 57.59 54.02 1.52 1.13 …2000 144.70 26.43 4.42 71.83 67.62 1.16 0.73 0.27

Middle East 1990 134.10 18.83 5.00 36.14 32.13 3.42 1.83 -1995 145.62 16.50 2.87 31.60 28.10 1.68 0.93 …2000 262.60 41.29 3.19 47.91 44.01 1.56 0.55 0.23

Asia 1990 738.92 208.91 13.64 148.02 137.10 14.13 2.72 -1995 1300.60 309.97 29.07 213.67 200.68 13.77 5.10 …2000 1649.20 422.67 41.48 277.61 260.16 15.33 7.15 5.73

Japan 1990 287.58 97.74 7.23 63.76 58.57 3.20 0.64 -1995 443.12 127.89 11.96 74.85 70.52 2.07 0.73 …2000 479.25 151.66 13.22 83.42 78.41 2.52 1.63 0.57

Australia and 1990 49.24 6.58 0.69 8.28 7.25 0.69 0.20 - New Zealand 1995 66.76 5.93 1.02 8.82 8.08 0.41 0.14 …

2000 77.14 9.29 1.27 9.76 9.33 0.35 0.12 0.18

Other Asia 1990 402.10 104.59 5.73 75.97 71.29 10.23 1.88 -1995 790.73 176.15 16.09 130.00 122.08 11.30 4.23 …2000 1092.82 261.72 26.99 184.44 172.42 12.46 5.40 4.98

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Table A2 (continued)

Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1990, 1995 and 2000

(Billion dollars)

Africa Middle East Asia Destination

South Other Aust./Total Africa Africa Total Japan N.Zealand Other Asia

Total China Other Origin

88.24 13.99 74.25 94.29 650.59 208.88 45.30 396.41 43.29 353.12 1990 World112.45 25.81 86.64 128.32 1211.80 293.40 65.44 852.96 121.11 731.85 1995120.24 26.57 93.67 150.35 1427.47 339.06 76.36 1012.04 180.91 831.14 2000

9.00 1.95 7.05 12.28 132.89 55.61 10.58 66.70 6.23 60.47 1990 North America11.14 3.07 8.07 18.84 211.49 73.00 13.50 125.00 14.21 110.78 199512.00 3.45 8.55 20.37 229.11 70.93 15.36 142.82 18.66 124.16 2000

2.13 0.34 1.79 2.34 13.99 7.45 0.44 6.10 1.13 4.97 1990 Latin America2.99 0.75 2.24 2.61 22.72 8.94 0.60 13.18 2.77 10.41 19953.16 0.74 2.42 2.80 21.41 7.93 0.70 12.79 3.94 8.85 2000

53.96 7.96 45.99 45.58 119.76 34.78 12.33 72.65 7.96 64.70 1990 Western Europe60.93 12.35 48.58 57.99 210.98 46.90 17.09 146.99 20.17 126.82 199558.93 11.23 47.70 59.53 199.00 46.06 17.40 135.54 29.04 106.50 2000

51.23 7.50 43.73 40.10 108.14 30.80 11.48 65.86 7.48 58.38 1990 European Union (15)58.06 11.65 46.41 52.08 194.00 42.49 16.00 135.51 19.17 116.34 199555.79 10.74 45.06 53.80 182.79 41.20 16.42 125.18 27.80 97.38 2000

2.10 0.00 2.10 2.75 11.46 3.22 0.16 8.08 2.83 5.25 1990 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS b2.42 0.18 2.24 4.24 17.28 3.91 0.14 13.24 4.82 8.42 19952.76 0.13 2.63 6.51 20.46 4.92 0.13 15.42 7.68 7.74 2000

… … … … … … … … … … 1990 Central and Eastern Europe… … … … … … … … … … 1995

1.12 0.08 1.05 1.42 2.79 0.38 0.11 2.31 0.31 2.00 2000

- - - - - - - - - - 1990 Russian Fed.… … … … … … … … … … 1995

1.08 0.04 1.04 4.09 13.33 4.35 0.01 8.97 5.24 3.74 2000

6.14 0.32 5.82 1.55 8.03 3.09 0.17 4.77 0.49 4.28 1990 Africa10.58 0.75 9.83 1.69 14.97 3.95 0.44 10.58 0.93 9.64 199510.97 0.79 10.18 2.13 24.76 3.97 0.66 20.13 4.72 15.40 2000

4.10 1.65 2.45 8.50 53.40 28.00 1.52 23.88 0.43 23.45 1990 Middle East5.14 2.09 3.05 11.30 67.73 28.40 1.55 37.78 1.88 35.90 1995

10.34 3.70 6.65 16.56 125.71 45.95 2.35 77.41 9.14 68.27 2000

10.83 1.77 9.06 21.30 311.06 76.73 20.09 214.23 24.23 190.00 1990 Asia19.24 6.61 12.63 31.66 666.63 128.30 32.13 506.21 76.34 429.87 199522.09 6.55 15.54 42.45 807.02 159.31 39.76 607.94 107.72 500.22 2000

4.28 1.52 2.76 9.09 98.21 - 8.11 90.11 8.96 81.14 1990 Japan5.60 2.47 3.13 8.99 203.27 - 9.72 193.55 33.42 160.13 19954.21 1.89 2.32 9.98 207.49 - 9.83 197.66 42.62 155.03 2000

0.69 0.11 0.59 1.75 29.62 11.55 3.87 14.20 1.07 13.14 1990 Australia and 0.94 0.54 0.40 1.50 47.29 14.49 6.74 26.06 2.67 23.39 1995 New Zealand1.69 0.78 0.91 3.23 50.09 14.42 6.50 29.17 3.89 25.28 2000

5.85 0.15 5.71 10.46 183.23 65.18 8.12 109.92 14.20 95.72 1990 Other Asia12.71 3.61 9.10 21.17 416.07 113.81 15.66 286.60 40.25 246.35 199516.20 3.88 12.32 29.25 549.44 144.90 23.43 381.12 61.21 319.91 2000

a Includes unspecified destinations.

b Excludes the intra-trade of the Baltic States and the CIS in 1990 and 1995.

Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.

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Table A3

Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1998-00

(Billion dollars)

North LatinDestination World a America America Western Europe C/E.Europe/Baltic States/CIS

C/E RussianTotal EU (15) Total Europe Fed.

Origin

World 1998 5297.00 1083.47 310.13 2297.11 2095.51 228.38 124.20 52.581999 5510.00 1206.05 294.44 2326.55 2137.78 198.13 120.43 35.472000 6186.00 1405.90 345.85 2437.90 2232.58 228.72 135.52 42.50

North America 1998 896.77 337.02 146.26 176.07 161.23 8.07 2.82 3.791999 940.89 372.92 146.83 182.29 167.18 6.13 2.64 1.992000 1058.10 420.56 174.06 195.32 177.99 6.36 2.76 2.22

Latin America 1998 280.20 152.71 57.06 40.95 38.56 2.90 0.90 1.871999 298.70 179.14 50.17 41.03 38.38 2.71 0.84 1.822000 358.70 220.10 61.59 45.01 41.60 2.72 1.03 1.33

Western Europe 1998 2363.55 208.51 60.64 1629.81 1487.29 132.94 89.40 25.391999 2369.83 232.35 53.25 1639.44 1504.10 118.05 87.37 16.462000 2441.31 263.34 54.85 1653.62 1512.25 129.49 94.37 19.37

European Union (15) 1998 2194.60 191.57 57.14 1515.22 1380.74 123.67 84.75 22.791999 2196.77 212.00 50.04 1523.10 1395.06 110.79 82.94 15.082000 2251.25 239.00 51.57 1525.78 1392.34 121.60 89.64 17.82

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 1998 216.48 9.90 3.48 113.96 100.02 66.64 22.97 15.151999 214.85 10.65 4.45 118.50 105.03 55.52 21.82 10.392000 270.99 11.52 6.25 146.60 128.96 72.10 28.94 13.36

Central and Eastern Europe 1998 101.11 3.30 0.89 71.38 66.64 20.62 12.97 3.521999 101.64 3.57 0.77 75.58 70.52 16.89 11.85 1.892000 116.00 4.38 0.89 85.78 79.46 19.21 13.63 2.02

Russian Fed. 1998 74.90 5.38 2.04 29.89 23.34 25.65 7.70 -1999 75.70 5.11 2.90 31.29 24.85 22.72 7.80 -2000 105.20 4.85 4.40 45.61 36.89 31.77 12.24 -

Africa 1998 104.30 15.77 2.76 55.25 51.86 1.56 1.01 0.331999 114.30 16.76 3.30 57.69 54.23 1.35 0.85 0.322000 144.70 26.43 4.42 71.83 67.62 1.16 0.73 0.27

Middle East 1998 140.10 19.59 2.37 31.94 28.89 1.88 0.72 0.231999 179.50 26.64 2.28 35.36 32.36 1.57 0.59 0.172000 262.60 41.29 3.19 47.91 44.01 1.56 0.55 0.23

Asia 1998 1295.27 339.98 37.57 249.14 227.66 14.39 6.38 5.831999 1392.03 367.60 34.17 252.25 236.50 12.80 6.33 4.332000 1649.20 422.67 41.48 277.61 260.16 15.33 7.15 5.73

Japan 1998 387.93 126.22 14.01 77.19 71.69 2.40 1.14 0.981999 419.37 136.76 11.49 79.52 74.58 2.02 1.23 0.482000 479.25 151.66 13.22 83.42 78.41 2.52 1.63 0.57

Australia and 1998 67.96 7.88 1.39 11.13 9.91 0.43 0.16 0.25 New Zealand 1999 68.54 8.08 1.16 9.74 9.21 0.32 0.10 0.15

2000 77.14 9.29 1.27 9.76 9.33 0.35 0.12 0.18

Other Asia 1998 839.38 205.89 22.16 160.82 146.07 11.56 5.08 4.601999 904.13 222.76 21.52 162.99 152.72 10.46 5.00 3.702000 1092.82 261.72 26.99 184.44 172.42 12.46 5.40 4.98

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Table A3 (continued )

Network of world merchandise trade by region, 1998-00

(Billion dollars)

Africa Middle East Asia Destination

South Other Aust./Total Africa Africa Total Japan N. Zealand Other Asia

Total China Other Origin

119.65 25.82 93.83 147.93 1046.60 249.31 69.04 728.25 124.52 603.72 1998 World114.20 23.32 90.88 138.13 1155.60 273.34 73.52 808.74 135.47 673.27 1999120.24 26.57 93.67 150.35 1427.47 339.06 76.36 1012.04 180.91 831.14 2000

12.60 3.95 8.65 24.72 191.61 63.82 14.63 113.16 15.97 97.19 1998 North America11.10 3.03 8.07 22.38 198.86 63.77 14.67 120.42 15.05 105.37 199912.00 3.45 8.55 20.37 229.11 70.93 15.36 142.82 18.66 124.16 2000

3.49 0.62 2.87 3.31 18.09 6.57 0.57 10.94 2.84 8.10 1998 Latin America2.94 0.64 2.30 2.75 18.49 7.01 0.62 10.86 2.20 8.65 19993.16 0.74 2.42 2.80 21.41 7.93 0.70 12.79 3.94 8.85 2000

63.65 12.27 51.38 61.38 172.52 38.76 17.09 116.68 19.90 96.78 1998 Western Europe59.20 10.55 48.65 56.98 178.38 42.44 17.76 118.18 24.24 93.94 199958.93 11.23 47.70 59.53 199.00 46.06 17.40 135.54 29.04 106.50 2000

60.03 11.73 48.29 55.71 158.80 34.50 16.14 108.16 19.02 89.15 1998 European Union (15)55.67 10.11 45.56 51.20 163.16 37.70 16.75 108.71 23.00 85.71 199955.79 10.74 45.06 53.80 182.79 41.20 16.42 125.18 27.80 97.38 2000

2.63 0.11 2.53 4.56 12.54 3.23 0.16 9.16 4.65 4.51 1998 C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS2.73 0.11 2.62 3.94 15.81 3.98 0.12 11.71 5.26 6.45 19992.76 0.13 2.63 6.51 20.46 4.92 0.13 15.42 7.68 7.74 2000

1.16 0.06 1.11 1.53 1.94 0.30 0.14 1.50 0.17 1.33 1998 Central and Eastern Europe1.12 0.05 1.08 1.21 2.24 0.26 0.10 1.89 0.32 1.58 19991.12 0.08 1.05 1.42 2.79 0.38 0.11 2.31 0.31 2.00 2000

1.04 0.03 1.01 2.13 8.04 2.75 0.02 5.28 3.20 2.08 1998 Russian Fed.1.12 0.06 1.06 1.85 10.36 3.58 0.01 6.77 3.53 3.25 19991.08 0.04 1.04 4.09 13.33 4.35 0.01 8.97 5.24 3.74 2000

9.50 0.66 8.84 1.97 14.58 3.30 0.48 10.80 1.28 9.52 1998 Africa9.83 0.78 9.05 2.04 19.47 3.28 0.63 15.56 2.16 13.40 1999

10.97 0.79 10.18 2.13 24.76 3.97 0.66 20.13 4.72 15.40 2000

6.21 1.73 4.48 11.90 60.12 23.30 1.17 35.65 2.89 32.76 1998 Middle East7.13 2.39 4.75 12.74 77.54 28.19 1.42 47.94 3.27 44.67 1999

10.34 3.70 6.65 16.56 125.71 45.95 2.35 77.41 9.14 68.27 2000

21.58 6.49 15.09 40.08 577.14 110.34 34.94 431.86 77.00 354.86 1998 Asia21.28 5.83 15.45 37.30 647.05 124.68 38.30 484.08 83.30 400.78 199922.09 6.55 15.54 42.45 807.02 159.31 39.76 607.94 107.72 500.22 2000

4.80 1.79 3.00 12.76 144.34 - 9.21 135.13 31.29 103.84 1998 Japan4.52 1.64 2.88 10.17 165.99 - 9.93 156.06 34.10 121.97 19994.21 1.89 2.32 9.98 207.49 - 9.83 197.66 42.62 155.03 2000

1.59 0.72 0.87 2.50 42.10 12.51 6.11 23.47 2.74 20.74 1998 Australia and 1.53 0.63 0.90 2.58 44.13 12.35 7.02 24.76 2.97 21.79 1999 New Zealand1.69 0.78 0.91 3.23 50.09 14.42 6.50 29.17 3.89 25.28 2000

15.19 3.97 11.22 24.82 390.70 97.83 19.61 273.26 42.98 230.28 1998 Other Asia15.24 3.57 11.67 24.56 436.93 112.32 21.35 303.25 46.23 257.02 199916.20 3.88 12.32 29.25 549.44 144.90 23.43 381.12 61.21 319.91 2000

a Includes unspecified destinations.


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Table A4

Merchandise trade of selected regional integration arrangements, 1990-00


1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

APEC (21)

Total exports 1327 1426 1535 1636 1865 2189 2284 2444 2345 2504 2931

Intra-exports 896 972 1065 1165 1366 1599 1639 1749 1624 1773 2127

Extra-exports 431 455 470 471 499 590 645 695 721 731 804

Total imports a 1404 1450 1560 1694 1955 2281 2441 2577 2396 2629 3171

Intra-imports 918 993 1090 1202 1400 1637 1714 1811 1704 1884 2159

Extra-imports 486 457 470 492 556 645 727 766 692 745 1013

EU (15)

Total exports 1509 1493 1584 I 1466 1668 2052 2120 2110 2195 2197 2251

Intra-exports 980 988 1045 I 914 1042 1295 1322 1297 1381 1395 1392

Extra-exports 529 504 540 552 627 756 798 813 814 802 859

Total imports 1558 1579 1654 I 1477 1668 2035 2091 2085 2209 2252 2362

Intra-imports 982 990 1048 I 917 1045 1299 1326 1301 1385 1399 1396

Extra-imports 577 589 606 560 624 735 765 784 825 853 966

NAFTA (3)

Total exports 562 592 629 662 739 856 923 1014 1014 1077 1224

Intra-exports 240 249 274 304 354 394 433 495 520 580 686

Extra-exports 322 342 355 358 384 462 489 519 494 497 539

Total imports b 673 676 738 800 917 1008 1082 1208 1271 1417 1672

Intra-imports 232 241 266 294 342 380 422 482 512 572 674

Extra-imports 442 435 473 506 574 628 660 726 759 845 998

ASEAN (10)

Total exports 144 165 186 212 262 321 340 353 329 359 427

Intra-exports 29 35 39 47 65 82 87 88 72 79 101

Extra-exports 115 130 147 165 197 239 254 265 257 280 326

Total imports 163 184 201 232 281 354 375 372 278 299 367

Intra-imports 26 32 37 44 55 67 74 75 63 69 90

Extra-imports 136 152 164 187 226 287 302 297 215 231 277

CEFTA (6)

Total exports - - - - 62 82 87 94 104 104 117

Intra-exports - - - - 9 12 12 13 13 12 13

Extra-exports - - - - 53 70 75 81 91 92 103

Total imports - - - - 73 98 115 123 137 134 149

Intra-imports - - - - 8 11 12 12 13 13 14

Extra-imports - - - - 65 87 103 111 123 121 135

MERCOSUR (4)

Total exports 46 46 50 54 62 70 75 83 81 74 85

Intra-exports 4 5 7 10 12 14 17 21 20 15 18

Extra-exports 42 41 43 44 50 56 58 63 61 59 67

Total imports 29 34 41 49 63 80 87 103 99 82 89

Intra-imports 4 5 7 9 12 14 18 21 21 16 18

Extra-imports 25 29 34 39 50 65 70 82 78 67 71

ANDEAN (5)

Total exports 31 29 28 28 34 40 46 46 39 43 58

Intra-exports 1 2 2 3 3 5 5 6 5 4 5

Extra-exports 30 28 26 25 30 35 41 41 34 40 53

Total imports c 18 22 27 29 30 38 36 44 45 36 40

Intra-imports 1 2 2 3 3 5 5 6 5 4 6

Extra-imports 16 20 25 26 27 33 31 38 39 32 34

a Imports of Canada, Mexico, Peru and Australia are valued f.o.b.

b Imports of Canada and Mexico are valued f.o.b.

c Imports of Peru and Venezuela are valued f.o.b.

Note: The figures are not fully adjusted for differences in the way members of the arrangements in this table record their merchandise trade.

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Table A5

World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1990-00

(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

World a 3442000 3509000 3759000 I 3747000 4244000 5079000 I 5347000 5537000 5447000 5662000 6364000

North America 521775 549335 583055 610305 678355 777370 827145 903465 896770 940890 1058095

Canada 127629 127163 134435 145178 165376 192197 201633 214422 214327 238446 276635 United States 393592 421730 448163 464773 512627 584743 625073 688697 682138 702098 781125

Latin America 146800 145100 153100 I 161800 188300 229300 256300 283800 280200 298700 358700

Antigua and Barbuda 21 40 55 47 27 30 17 13 15 10 10 Argentina 12353 11978 12235 13118 15659 20967 23811 26370 26441 23333 26298 Bahamas 1050 1517 1770 1450 1030 940 1030 1110 860 920 910 Barbados 209 205 191 179 182 239 281 283 252 264 272 Belize 108 98 115 118 127 142 154 159 155 166 194 Bolivia 926 849 710 728 1032 1100 1137 1167 1104 1051 1214 Brazil 31414 31620 35793 38597 43558 46506 47747 52990 51120 48011 55086 Chile 8372 8941 10007 9198 11604 16024 15405 16663 14830 15616 18158 Colombia 6766 7232 6917 7115 8419 10125 10587 11522 10852 11576 13040 Costa Rica 1448 1598 1841 I 2625 2869 3453 3730 4268 5511 6577 5865 Cuba 5100 2800 1600 1000 1385 1600 2015 1812 1540 1466 1635 Dominica 55 54 56 48 47 45 51 53 63 54 53 Dominican Republic 2170 2449 2831 3211 3453 3780 4053 4614 4989 5137 5700 Ecuador 2714 2852 3007 2904 3819 4307 4900 5264 4203 4451 4846 El Salvador 582 588 796 1032 1249 1652 1789 2416 2452 2497 2933 Grenada 27 23 20 22 25 23 21 23 27 46 50 Guatemala 1163 1202 1295 1340 1521 2155 2031 2344 2582 2398 2650 Guyana 251 248 302 423 456 455 517 644 484 523 570 Haiti 160 166 73 80 82 110 90 120 175 196 164 Honduras 831 792 802 814 843 1220 1316 1446 1575 1249 1322 Jamaica 1135 1053 1102 1069 1212 1427 1383 1383 1312 1240 1296 Mexico 40711 42688 46196 51886 60882 79542 96000 110431 117460 136391 166424 Netherlands Antilles 1789 1599 1559 1283 1376 1522 1269 1488 1169 1360 1290 Nicaragua 330 272 223 267 351 526 671 704 573 544 625 Panama 340 358 502 553 583 625 623 723 784 821 859 Paraguay 959 737 657 725 816 919 1044 1089 1014 741 852 Peru 3230 3329 3484 3514 4554 5575 5897 6841 5757 6113 7002 St. Kitts and Nevis 28 27 26 27 22 19 22 26 28 28 30 St. Lucia 127 110 123 120 106 124 82 66 62 59 60 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 83 67 78 57 50 42 46 46 50 49 47 Suriname 472 359 391 326 449 477 433 701 436 450 435 Trinidad and Tobago 2080 1985 1869 1662 1954 2467 2569 2569 2264 2806 4600 Uruguay 1693 1605 1703 1645 1913 2106 2397 2726 2769 2237 2295 Venezuela 17497 15155 14185 14066 16089 18457 23060 21624 17193 20190 31802

Western Europe 1637120 1619250 1719020 I 1591090 1807735 2215470 2294390 2282085 2363550 2369835 2441310

Austria 41265 41111 44435 40174 44913 57533 57827 58588 62584 64292 63903 Belgium - - - - - - - - - 179320 186148 Belgium-Luxembourg 117703 118199 123132 I 120688 139452 171001 170324 168223 I 178811 - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - - 276 95 91 152 336 575 605 627 1030 Croatia - - 4597 3913 4260 4633 4511 4170 4541 4303 4390 Denmark 36870 37824 41577 I 37748 42401 50594 51026 48631 48173 49705 49631 Finland 26571 23080 23981 23446 29514 40310 40448 40999 43145 41867 45635 France 216588 217100 235871 I 210319 235249 286795 I 289461 289945 306052 302443 298127 Germany 421100 402843 430042 I 380075 427100 523007 524291 512448 542812 544076 551505 Greece 8105 8666 9510 I 8437 9399 10945 11880 11167 10868 10150 10229 Iceland 1592 1550 1528 1399 1623 1804 1897 1851 2050 2004 1920 Ireland 23743 24224 28331 I 29092 34080 44610 48649 53569 64284 71258 79868 Italy 170304 169465 178155 I 169164 191048 234003 252048 240225 245469 235806 237750 Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - 7865 7850 Malta 1133 1234 1540 1355 1570 1914 1731 1641 1834 1980 2336 Netherlands 131775 133631 140335 I 139095 157941 196902 200976 193598 200769 201197 212507 Norway 34047 34107 35178 31853 34692 41992 49645 48541 40402 45479 60038 Portugal 16417 16280 18350 I 15388 17927 22596 24610 23929 24770 24564 23323

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171



(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Slovenia - - 6681 6083 6828 8316 8312 8372 9048 8604 8733 Spain 55642 60177 64334 I 60935 73129 91613 102091 104277 109037 110246 113747 Sweden 57540 55217 56118 49857 61292 79584 84879 82883 84944 84842 86933 Switzerland 63784 61517 65678 63185 70360 81641 80843 76150 78856 80300 81534 TFYR Macedonia - - 1199 1055 1086 1204 1147 1236 1311 1192 1319 Turkey 12959 13594 14716 15343 18106 21637 23224 26261 26974 26588 26572 United Kingdom 185172 184964 190003 I 181645 205021 242008 261693 281659 272879 269139 284090 Yugoslavia - - 2929 332 240 230 2018 2677 2858 1498 1727 Yugoslavia, former 14308 13947 - - - - - - - - -

European Union (15) 1508795 1492780 1584175 I 1466065 1668465 2051500 2120205 2110140 2194595 2196770 2251245 Extra-exports 529135 504450 539615 552035 626675 756220 798095 812770 813855 801710 858905

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 105420 92905 I 100050 I 107215 123705 I 159475 I 213635 I 223645 I 216480 I 214850 270985

Albania 230 100 70 125 140 200 215 140 205 265 260 Armenia - - ... ... 55 100 I 290 235 220 235 300 Azerbaijan - - ... ... 375 340 I 630 780 605 930 1750 Belarus - - ... ... 965 1415 I 5650 7300 7070 5920 7380 Bulgaria 5030 3760 3550 3580 4005 5355 4890 4940 4300 3935 4725 Czech and Slovak Fed. Rep., former 11880 11460 - - - - - - - - - Czech Rep. - - 12170 I 14465 16205 21655 21905 22775 26350 I 26240 29000 Estonia - - ... ... 735 1155 I 2080 2940 3245 I 2410 3175 Georgia - - ... ... 40 55 I 200 240 190 240 330 Hungary 10000 10185 10705 8905 10700 12865 I 15705 19100 23005 25015 28090 Kazakhstan - - ... ... 1325 2195 I 5910 6495 5435 5590 9140 Kyrgyz Rep. - - ... ... 115 135 I 505 605 515 455 505 Latvia - - ... ... 485 695 I 1445 1670 1810 1725 1865 Lithuania - - ... ... 860 I 1310 I 3355 3860 3710 3005 3810 Moldova, Rep. of - - ... ... 150 265 I 795 875 630 460 470 Poland 14320 13800 14500 14140 17240 22895 24440 25750 I 28230 27405 31650 Romania 4960 4400 4500 4890 6150 7910 8085 8430 8300 8505 10365 Russian Fed. - - 40000 45480 51320 63320 I 88600 88330 74900 75700 105200 Slovak Rep. - - 6355 5460 6690 8580 8830 I 9695 10720 10275 11905 Tajikistan - - ... ... 380 470 I 770 745 595 690 780 Turkmenistan - - ... ... 480 940 I 1695 1000 590 1340 2700 Ukraine - - ... ... 4345 I 5945 I 14400 14230 12635 11580 14575 USSR, former 59000 49200 - - - - - - - - - Uzbekistan - - ... ... 945 1675 I 3240 3510 3220 2930 3010

Central and Eastern Europe 46420 43705 I 51850 I 51565 61130 79460 I 84070 I 90830 I 101110 I 101640 115995

Africa 104100 98900 96800 91600 94400 107200 I 123500 126300 I 104300 114300 144700

Algeria 12930 12570 11130 10230 8880 10240 12620 13894 9839 12525 19550 Angola 3910 3410 3755 3762 3018 3642 5095 5007 3543 5156 7858 Benin 288 330 335 384 398 420 528 424 414 405 376 Botswana 1784 1849 1742 1780 1878 2142 2536 2842 1948 2644 2670 Burkina Faso 152 106 64 69 107 160 233 232 319 254 228 Burundi 75 90 72 68 107 105 39 86 65 54 49 Cameroon 2002 1834 1840 1883 1486 1651 1768 1860 1671 1601 1880 Cape Verde 6 6 5 4 5 9 13 14 10 11 13 Central African Republic 120 126 124 133 151 178 147 154 200 150 170 Chad 188 194 182 131 157 184 243 237 261 202 183 Comoros 18 24 22 22 11 11 6 9 9 10 … Congo 981 1029 1183 1068 959 1172 1555 1668 1476 1560 2500 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 999 829 426 368 418 437 591 530 500 490 450 Côte d'Ivoire 3072 2686 2840 2648 2742 3644 4281 4451 4606 4542 4029 Djibouti 25 17 16 17 17 17 23 28 23 20 …

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(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Egypt 2585 3659 3051 3105 3476 3450 3539 3921 3130 3559 4689 Equatorial Guinea 65 86 58 75 66 127 232 497 423 714 936 Ethiopia - - - 199 372 422 417 587 561 460 450 Ethiopia, former 298 189 169 - - - - - - - - Gabon 2204 2243 2082 2295 2350 2713 3307 3024 1920 2400 3350 Gambia 40 42 63 51 35 16 21 15 27 7 … Ghana 897 617 1252 974 1425 1724 1669 1635 1795 1820 1670 Guinea 671 755 657 665 626 702 709 684 750 730 750 Guinea-Bissau 19 20 6 28 33 24 28 48 27 51 80 Kenya 1031 1108 1339 1336 1609 1878 2067 2053 2008 1747 1734 Lesotho 59 67 109 133 143 160 187 196 194 172 200 Liberia 330 340 350 300 350 400 512 500 610 500 500 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 13877 11212 10300 8020 8954 8975 9903 9656 6659 7700 14200 Madagascar 319 305 277 261 406 367 299 278 235 233 260 Malawi 417 472 383 320 329 442 471 537 514 442 350 Mali 359 312 342 349 335 441 439 561 556 571 550 Mauritania 469 439 425 423 410 499 491 406 350 373 300 Mauritius 1194 1195 1297 1299 1347 1538 1802 1592 1645 1554 1493 Morocco 4265 4313 3984 3991 4035 4719 I 6881 7032 7153 7367 7417 Mozambique 126 162 139 132 157 168 217 222 230 263 235 Namibia 1085 1213 1341 1289 1321 1371 1357 1363 1218 1246 1455 Niger 282 312 333 287 225 286 280 272 334 284 290 Nigeria 13670 12264 11886 9908 9415 11725 16153 15213 9729 12814 20100 Rwanda 110 93 66 66 41 54 60 88 60 60 53 Sao Tome and Principe 4 6 5 5 8 5 4 5 5 4 3 Senegal 761 651 673 707 791 969 986 905 968 982 960 Seychelles 56 49 48 51 51 52 100 113 122 145 180 Sierra Leone 138 145 149 118 115 42 47 17 7 6 13 Somalia 150 91 118 117 136 145 150 150 130 100 110 South Africa b 23549 23306 23875 24261 25320 27860 29221 31027 I 26362 26707 29983 Sudan 374 305 319 417 523 555 620 594 596 780 1807 Swaziland 556 611 664 674 783 957 892 960 966 941 900 Tanzania, United Rep. of 415 342 416 450 519 682 759 753 589 543 663 Togo 268 253 275 136 328 383 441 424 411 387 340 Tunisia 3526 3699 4019 3802 4657 5475 5516 5559 5738 5872 5850 Uganda 147 200 142 179 424 460 587 555 501 519 380 Zambia 1309 1083 756 826 927 1048 1037 915 816 759 800 Zimbabwe 1726 1532 1445 1567 1884 2118 2406 2541 2111 1887 1670

Middle East 134100 118800 127300 122300 125000 145600 169700 177700 140100 179500 262600

Bahrain 3761 3513 3465 3710 3616 4112 4700 4384 3270 4088 5710 Cyprus 957 964 987 867 968 1229 1387 1250 1061 997 954 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 16870 17320 16420 15850 14790 16800 19400 18381 13118 19726 30017 Iraq 12380 370 560 550 510 496 731 4600 6950 12000 19300 Israel 12080 11921 13119 14825 16884 19046 20610 22503 22993 25794 31338 Jordan 1064 1130 1215 1232 1424 1769 1816 1836 1802 1832 1897 Kuwait 7042 1088 6660 10248 11260 13785 14889 14224 9554 12218 19544 Lebanon 494 539 560 452 470 816 1020 643 662 677 714 Oman 5508 4871 5428 5299 5545 6068 7346 7630 5508 7231 11328 Qatar 3890 3210 3841 3245 3213 3651 4447 5570 5030 7214 9378 Saudi Arabia 44417 47797 50280 42395 42614 50040 60729 60732 38822 50761 84060 Syrian Arab Republic 4212 3429 3093 3146 3047 3563 3999 3916 2890 3464 4250 United Arab Emirates 20730 22160 21220 19670 19700 22300 26000 29500 26900 31030 39900 Yemen 692 506 474 856 934 I 1945 2675 2504 1496 2440 4200

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(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Asia a 792400 884700 980200 1062900 1226500 1444600 1462400 1540100 1445500 1544100 1828000

Afghanistan 235 188 145 140 155 155 155 150 140 120 … Australia 39752 41854 42824 42723 47538 53111 60300 62910 55893 56080 63869 Bangladesh 1671 1689 2098 2278 2661 3407 3539 4017 5057 5175 6500 Bhutan 75 72 71 69 66 82 99 118 107 132 … Brunei Darussalam 2213 2675 2401 2167 2234 2389 2474 2467 2058 2650 3500 Cambodia 86 213 265 265 240 374 378 411 392 550 700 China 62091 71910 84940 91744 121006 148780 151048 182877 183589 195150 249297 Fiji 615 462 407 405 550 623 750 620 510 650 570 Hong Kong, China 82390 98659 119587 135385 151465 173871 180916 188195 174863 174403 202440 domestic exports 29002 29738 30251 28831 28736 29946 27431 27306 24587 22381 23675 re-exports 53388 68921 89336 106554 122729 143925 153485 160889 150276 152022 178765 India 17975 17664 19563 21553 25022 30630 33105 35008 33437 36316 42295 Indonesia 25675 29142 33966 36823 40054 45417 49814 53443 48847 48665 62124 Japan 287581 314786 339885 362244 397005 443116 410901 420957 387927 419367 479249 Kiribati 3 3 5 3 5 7 5 6 7 6 … Korea, Rep. of 65016 71870 76632 82236 96013 125058 129715 136164 132313 143686 172268 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 78 96 132 240 300 311 322 359 370 311 320 Macau, China 1694 1660 1755 1768 1843 2025 2100 2282 2134 2181 2529 Malaysia 29416 34349 40713 47122 58844 73914 78327 78740 73305 84455 98237 Maldives 52 54 40 35 45 49 59 73 74 64 76 Mongolia 660 348 388 380 356 473 424 452 345 336 355 Myanmar 325 419 537 583 798 851 746 866 1065 1125 1391 Nepal 210 264 374 390 363 344 384 402 474 602 804 New Caledonia 449 444 409 356 355 515 492 527 398 395 635 New Zealand 9488 9589 9824 10537 12185 13645 14452 14221 12070 12455 13267 Pakistan 5589 6528 7317 6688 7535 8176 9536 8758 8514 8491 9173 Papua New Guinea 1144 1338 1810 2491 2640 2644 2513 2163 1775 1877 1980 Philippines 8068 8767 9752 11089 13304 17501 20408 24882 29414 36576 39783 Samoa 9 6 6 6 4 9 10 15 15 20 14 Singapore 52752 59025 63484 74012 96826 118268 125014 124986 109895 114689 137875 domestic exports 34848 38485 40762 46732 58333 69557 73466 72402 63381 68691 78852 re-exports 17904 20540 22722 27280 38493 48711 51548 52584 46514 45998 59101 Solomon Islands 70 83 102 129 142 168 162 175 126 146 103 Sri Lanka 1983 2039 2455 2859 3207 3797 4095 4632 4809 4584 5134 Taipei, Chinese 67142 76115 81395 84678 92876 111563 115730 121081 110518 121496 148320 Thailand 23070 28428 32472 36775 45261 56439 55720 57388 54456 58440 69057 Tonga 11 13 12 16 14 14 9 10 8 12 … Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... ... Vanuatu 19 18 24 23 25 28 30 35 34 26 25 Viet Nam 2404 2087 2580 2970 4054 5449 7255 9185 9361 11523 14450

Memorandum items World excl. EU intra-exports 2462000 2521000 2715000 2833000 3202000 3784000 I 4025000 4240000 4066000 4267000 4972000

Western Europe excl. EU intra-exports 657460 630920 674460 677060 765940 920190 972280 984715 982805 974775 1048965

a Includes significant re-exports.

b Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the South African Customs Union.Note: Breaks in the continuity of the value series for particular countries and regional groupings are indicated by an ’I’.

They result from (i) changes in political boundaries; (ii) inclusion of the Baltic States and the CIS mutual trade beginning with 1996; and (iii) changes in the methods of collecting

and reporting merchandise trade statistics. Details are in the Technical Notes.

It should be noted that the World and Asia totals contain a significant element of double counting due to the use of the general system of recording merchandise trade statistics

which includes re-exports.

Recent figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat.

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Table A6

World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1990-00

(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

World a 3542000 3626000 3880000 I 3859000 4369000 5218000 I 5525000 5720000 5667000 5899000 6669000

North America 641360 634145 684280 743415 845305 940325 998290 1100950 1151510 1280825 1503590


Latin America 130300 147900 176900 I 193600 225800 254400 278600 330000 346400 335500 388300

Antigua and Barbuda 255 287 320 279 335 343 362 370 385 414 355 Argentina 4076 8275 14872 16784 21527 20122 23762 30450 31404 25508 25149 Bahamas 1738 1806 2100 2870 2080 1550 2960 2000 2100 1800 1730 Barbados 700 694 521 574 615 771 833 996 1010 1108 1156 Belize 211 256 274 280 259 257 255 286 325 366 450 Bolivia 687 970 1090 1206 1209 1424 1635 1851 1983 1755 1760 Brazil 22524 22950 23068 27740 35997 53783 56947 65007 60618 51675 58532 Chile 7678 8094 10129 11125 11824 15914 17827 19662 18779 15137 18070 Colombia 5590 4906 6516 9831 11882 13853 13683 15378 14635 10659 11539 Costa Rica 1990 1877 2440 I 3515 3789 4036 4300 4924 6230 6320 6372 Cuba 4600 2600 1500 1500 2055 2825 3205 3987 4181 4301 4900 Dominica 118 110 111 94 96 117 129 124 136 141 147 Dominican Republic 3006 3054 3859 4654 4903 5170 5727 6609 7597 8041 9800 Ecuador 1861 2397 2500 2561 3622 4152 3934 4954 5576 3017 3465 El Salvador 1263 1406 1855 2145 2547 3329 3223 3739 3962 4084 4888 Grenada 105 121 107 144 119 124 152 173 200 210 230 Guatemala 1649 1851 2531 2599 2781 3292 3146 3851 4651 4382 4770 Guyana 311 307 442 484 506 527 597 630 600 550 660 Haiti 332 400 278 355 251 653 665 648 797 1025 1036 Honduras 935 955 1037 1130 1056 1642 1839 2149 2500 2728 2885 Jamaica 1859 1491 1668 2097 2224 2818 2965 3132 3035 2899 3216 Mexico 43548 52315 65050 68439 83075 75858 93674 114846 130948 148648 182635 Netherlands Antilles 2146 2173 1869 1807 1758 1841 2519 2083 2062 2580 2880 Nicaragua 638 751 855 744 874 961 1141 1532 1492 1862 1792 Panama 1539 1695 2024 2188 2404 2510 2779 3002 3074 3516 3379 Paraguay 1352 1460 1422 1689 2370 3144 3204 3403 2897 1906 2193 Peru 3470 4195 4861 4859 6690 9224 9472 10264 9867 8075 8797 St. Kitts and Nevis 110 110 95 118 128 133 149 150 150 135 160 St. Lucia 271 295 313 300 303 307 304 332 335 360 370 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 136 139 132 134 130 135 131 188 193 201 163 Suriname 472 509 542 525 423 585 501 658 552 486 550 Trinidad and Tobago 1262 1667 1436 1463 1134 1724 2204 3059 3012 2744 3250 Uruguay 1343 1637 2045 2325 2786 2867 3323 3727 3811 3357 3466 Venezuela 7335 11147 14065 12510 9187 12649 9880 14606 15817 14063 16085

Western Europe 1700335 1711215 1789965 I 1607990 1807100 2209240 2280070 2277710 2406635 2438610 2566885

Austria 49146 50815 54112 48578 55069 66263 67327 64752 68028 69679 68627 Belgium - - - - - - - - - 164965 172967 Belgium-Luxembourg 119702 120182 125047 I 111065 128198 156676 161304 155845 I 166798 - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - - 360 365 894 1082 1882 2333 2610 2660 2810 Croatia - - 4500 4666 5229 7510 7788 9104 8384 7799 7911 Denmark 33333 34190 35714 I 31270 36390 45564 44984 44446 46086 44693 44322 Finland 27001 21809 21208 18032 23090 29440 30695 31012 32338 31675 33903 France 234436 231784 239638 I 203272 230019 276295 I 282367 271446 290975 293577 305423 Germany 355686 389908 408619 I 342559 381539 463485 458807 445284 470656 474509 502827 Greece 19777 21580 23220 I 22035 21492 25927 28419 26971 30267 26570 26336 Iceland 1680 1760 1684 1349 1472 1756 2031 1992 2489 2503 2575 Ireland 20669 20771 22477 I 21837 25887 33058 35885 39237 44539 47288 50870 Italy 181968 182679 188451 I 148053 168930 206062 208235 209962 218168 220844 236461 Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - 10814 10237 Malta 1964 2130 2331 2174 2447 2890 2801 2552 2668 2846 3417 Netherlands 126098 125873 134650 I 124718 140901 177582 182907 177806 187128 190658 197982 Norway 27231 25572 25905 23956 27307 32968 35615 35708 37478 34172 34408 Portugal 25263 26113 29581 I 24147 26990 32359 35185 35022 38394 40011 38240

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(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Slovenia - - 6142 6529 7304 9492 9423 9357 10110 9952 10107 Spain 87715 93306 99758 I 79609 92182 114832 121865 122710 132789 144952 153516 Sweden 54264 49990 50017 42681 51725 64556 66910 65633 68592 68624 72788 Switzerland 69681 66485 65723 60828 67997 80152 79264 75960 80094 79857 83584 TFYR Macedonia - - 1206 1199 1484 1719 1627 1779 1915 1796 2085 Turkey 22302 21047 22872 29174 23270 35709 43627 48559 45921 40692 53499 United Kingdom 222977 209947 221551 I 206380 227229 265210 287246 308328 315200 320306 336979 Yugoslavia - - 4634 550 750 900 4102 4799 4820 3296 3698 Yugoslavia, former 18871 14738 - - - - - - - - -

European Union (15) 1558035 1578945 1654045 I 1476750 1668475 2034515 2091310 2084870 2209455 2252275 2362030 extra-imports 576510 589445 606470 560080 623675 735495 765385 783745 824725 853185 965670

C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS 113720 97505 I 99980 I 109570 121245 I 155575 I 230155 I 246740 I 243515 I 213050 241550

Albania 380 410 230 520 680 800 940 640 830 1020 1080 Armenia - - ... ... 190 340 I 855 890 900 800 885 Azerbaijan - - ... ... 285 430 I 1210 1360 1650 1360 1390 Belarus - - ... ... 945 1700 I 6940 8690 8550 6665 8485 Bulgaria 5100 3790 4220 4900 4585 5660 5075 4930 4960 5470 6440 Czech and Slovak Fed. Rep., former c 12460 10680 - - - - - - - - - Czech Rep. b - - 12880 I 14615 17425 25265 27715 27165 28790 I 28075 32180 Estonia - - ... ... 1255 1970 I 3235 4440 4785 I 3440 4255 Georgia - - ... ... 70 230 I 685 940 885 600 725 Hungary 10340 11370 11080 12530 14555 15465 I 18145 21235 25705 28010 32080 Kazakhstan - - ... ... 1355 1115 I 4240 4300 4350 3685 5050 Kyrgyz Rep. - - ... ... 105 160 I 840 710 840 600 555 Latvia - - ... ... 750 I 1110 I 2320 2720 3190 2945 3190 Lithuania - - ... ... 1065 I 2000 I 4560 5645 5795 4835 5455 Moldova, Rep. of - - ... ... 180 260 I 1070 1170 1025 570 775 Poland 11570 18390 18540 20180 22680 29050 37135 42310 I 47055 45910 48940 Romania 7600 5795 6260 6525 7110 10280 11435 11280 11840 10395 13055 Russian Fed. - - 33100 I 32865 36300 43055 I 68830 73615 59800 40800 45500 Slovak Rep. b - - 6670 6325 6610 8770 11125 I 11670 13075 11265 12670 Tajikistan - - ... ... 295 320 I 670 750 710 665 675 Turkmenistan - - ... ... 760 610 I 1315 1230 980 1255 1400 Ukraine - - ... ... 2740 I 5250 I 17605 17130 14675 11845 13955 USSR, former b 66270 47070 - - - - - - - - - Uzbekistan - - ... ... 1190 1600 I 4210 3920 3125 2840 2810

Central and Eastern Europe 47450 50435 I 59880 I 65595 73645 95290 I 111570 119230 I 132255 I 130145 146445

Africa 94900 93800 99000 97300 104400 125300 I 125100 131800 I 132000 128400 137000

Algeria 9780 7770 8550 8785 9370 10250 8840 8691 9403 9162 9152 Angola 1578 1347 1988 1463 1633 1700 2053 2332 2120 3170 3400 Benin 265 241 578 571 431 746 654 681 674 664 602 Botswana 1946 1947 1861 1771 1640 1911 1723 2258 2387 2198 2240 Burkina Faso 536 533 466 509 349 455 647 587 783 696 545 Burundi 231 248 221 204 224 234 127 121 158 118 148 Cameroon 1400 1173 1163 1102 1083 1199 1227 1359 1495 1318 1360 Cape Verde 136 147 180 154 209 252 234 235 240 280 320 Central African Republic 154 92 145 125 139 175 141 145 140 130 110 Chad 285 249 243 200 177 365 332 334 356 316 290 Comoros 52 58 76 59 53 63 64 60 54 55 … Congo 621 594 687 581 631 670 1400 926 680 821 890 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 887 710 419 372 381 397 424 318 322 370 320 Côte d'Ivoire 2097 2103 2317 2014 1917 2945 2902 2781 2991 3252 3084 Djibouti 215 214 219 230 243 275 308 235 275 270 …

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(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Egypt 9216 7862 8245 8184 10219 11760 13038 13211 16166 16022 14010 Equatorial Guinea … … … … … … … … … … … Ethiopia - - - 787 1033 1145 1401 1320 1500 1317 1560 Ethiopia, former 1081 472 839 - - - - - - - - Gabon 918 834 700 845 756 882 969 1104 1255 960 1030 Gambia 199 222 234 243 212 182 258 278 245 192 … Ghana 1205 1055 2169 2575 2108 1906 2108 2326 2563 3505 3075 Guinea 723 735 740 730 706 750 859 988 1090 1100 1130 Guinea-Bissau 68 67 84 62 164 133 87 89 68 69 90 Kenya 2125 1797 1713 1711 2091 2991 2949 3279 3197 2832 3105 Lesotho 672 813 977 912 845 986 999 1025 863 781 700 Liberia 220 259 314 323 280 350 405 400 270 280 290 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5336 5361 4530 5080 5548 5392 5873 6123 5466 4300 7740 Madagascar 571 450 448 468 441 543 507 470 514 505 700 Malawi 581 703 718 546 497 475 624 781 579 698 590 Mali 619 671 608 634 589 792 843 739 761 753 690 Mauritania 388 425 407 445 362 494 463 438 359 305 340 Mauritius 1618 1576 1630 1715 1930 1976 2289 2189 2073 2247 2081 Morocco 6800 6873 7348 6760 7188 8563 I 9704 9525 10290 9925 11484 Mozambique 878 899 855 955 1019 718 759 739 790 1139 1100 Namibia 1163 1149 1283 1188 1196 1468 1580 1642 1507 1425 1510 Niger 388 355 479 375 328 373 448 391 377 389 445 Nigeria 5627 9031 8119 7508 6512 9332 7996 10330 10002 10370 12910 Rwanda 288 306 288 332 236 236 258 297 285 253 213 Sao Tome and Principe 27 31 31 30 39 31 35 16 16 14 26 Senegal 1219 1173 1034 1087 1022 1412 1436 1447 1407 1471 1525 Seychelles 186 172 192 238 206 232 274 340 384 434 340 Sierra Leone 149 163 146 147 150 133 211 93 95 81 149 Somalia 95 55 65 263 269 193 170 180 180 220 … South Africa c 18399 18834 19761 20017 23387 30555 30126 32998 I 29242 26696 29695 Sudan 618 890 820 944 1227 1218 1547 1580 1915 1390 1500 Swaziland 663 718 866 873 927 1104 1174 1192 1185 1150 1040 Tanzania, United Rep. of 1027 1533 1510 1497 1504 1675 1388 1337 1453 1556 1524 Togo 581 443 394 179 222 594 664 645 588 597 550 Tunisia 5542 5189 6431 6214 6580 7902 7700 7914 8350 8474 8560 Uganda 213 196 439 535 875 1056 1191 1316 1414 1342 1650 Zambia 1220 790 795 809 594 700 835 819 750 670 780 Zimbabwe 1847 2055 2203 1819 2241 2660 2803 3092 2701 2126 1650

Middle East 99200 111400 129600 121400 117300 130700 141400 149800 148800 150800 171200

Bahrain 3712 4115 4263 3858 3747 3716 4273 4026 3566 3588 4612 Cyprus 2568 2620 3313 2590 3017 3690 3979 3655 3685 3618 3847 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 15716 21688 23200 15540 10900 11230 15117 14196 14323 12683 15220 Iraq 7660 540 870 700 620 720 950 4260 4400 8524 13700 Israel 16793 18848 20261 22623 25237 29578 31620 30781 29342 33160 38130 Jordan 2600 2508 3255 3539 3381 3697 4293 4102 3828 3717 4539 Kuwait 3972 4761 7261 7036 6697 7790 8373 8246 8619 7617 7622 Lebanon 2529 3747 4202 4821 5933 7278 7575 7464 7070 6207 6228 Oman 2681 3194 3769 4114 3914 4247 4578 5026 5682 4674 5040 Qatar 1695 1720 2015 1891 1927 3398 2868 3322 3409 2500 3340 Saudi Arabia 24069 29079 33698 28198 23338 28091 27765 28742 30013 28011 30300 Syrian Arab Republic 2400 2767 3490 4139 5467 4709 5380 4028 3895 3832 3860 United Arab Emirates 11199 13746 17410 19520 21024 20984 22638 29951 28847 30674 31930 Yemen 1571 2025 2587 2821 2087 1580 2038 2014 2167 2008 2880

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(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Asia a 762300 830300 900100 985700 1147500 1402300 1471200 1483400 1237700 1351600 1660100

Afghanistan 936 616 411 380 370 450 450 450 380 380 … Australia 42032 41697 43807 45577 53425 61282 65427 65892 64630 69158 71531 Bangladesh 3618 3412 3732 3994 4602 6502 6621 6898 6974 7694 8360 Bhutan 78 97 128 90 92 112 128 137 157 200 … Brunei Darussalam 1001 1208 1482 1822 1874 2078 2487 2203 1552 1500 1600 Cambodia 164 245 351 404 500 631 467 465 480 530 580 China 53345 63791 80585 103959 115615 132084 138833 142189 140305 165788 225097 Fiji 753 652 630 720 829 867 984 965 721 765 610 Hong Kong, China a 84725 103883 127340 141308 165894 196072 201284 213297 186759 180711 214200 retained imports 31337 34962 38004 34754 43165 52147 47799 52408 36483 28689 35435 India 23642 20418 23580 22761 26846 34707 37942 41432 42980 44889 50455 Indonesia 21837 25869 27280 28327 31985 40630 42929 41694 27337 24004 33515 Japan 235368 236999 233246 241624 275235 335882 349152 338754 280484 311262 379511 Kiribati 27 26 37 28 26 35 33 35 36 40 … Korea, Rep. of 69844 81525 81775 83800 102348 135119 150339 144616 93282 119752 160481 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 201 215 253 432 564 588 689 706 553 525 580 Macau, China 1532 1842 1949 1992 2098 2025 1992 2077 1948 2036 2261 Malaysia 29258 36648 39926 45657 59600 77691 78418 79030 58319 64966 82210 Maldives 138 161 189 185 221 267 301 348 354 402 389 Mongolia 924 360 418 361 258 415 451 468 503 426 550 Myanmar 270 646 651 814 885 1334 1358 2037 2666 2300 2369 Nepal 686 758 792 880 1155 1333 1398 1693 1246 1422 1573 New Caledonia 883 863 917 849 876 912 1005 937 963 1008 1017 New Zealand 9501 8381 9202 9636 11913 13958 14724 14518 12495 14299 13906 Pakistan 7546 8633 9595 9719 9094 11725 12411 11650 9330 10297 11048 Papua New Guinea 1193 1614 1485 1299 1522 1451 1740 1697 1232 1188 1120 Philippines 13041 12786 15449 18754 22641 28341 34126 38622 31496 32568 33808 Samoa 80 94 110 105 81 95 100 97 97 115 106 Singapore a 60899 66293 72179 85234 102670 124507 131338 132437 101496 111060 134545 retained imports 42995 45753 49457 57954 64177 75796 79790 79853 54982 65062 75574 Solomon Islands 94 110 98 137 142 166 170 180 155 110 … Sri Lanka 2685 3054 3445 3991 4767 5306 5442 5851 5905 5876 6823 Taipei, Chinese 54831 63078 72181 77099 85507 103698 101287 113924 104946 110957 140010 Thailand 33379 37591 40686 46208 54459 70786 72331 62853 42971 50342 61924 Tonga 62 59 63 61 69 77 75 73 69 73 70 Tuvalu 5 5 5 7 8 9 8 10 10 9 … Vanuatu 96 83 82 78 89 95 98 94 88 96 … Viet Nam 2752 2338 2540 3924 5826 7500 11144 11592 11494 11600 15635

Memorandum items

World excl. EU intra-imports 2560000 2637000 2832000 2942000 3324000 3919000 4199000 4419000 4282000 4500000 5273000

Western Europe excl. EU intra-imports 718810 721715 742390 691320 762300 910220 954145 976585 1021905 1039520 1170525

a Includes significant imports for re-export.


c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the South African Customs Union.

Note: Breaks in the continuity of the value series for particular countries and regional groupings are indicated by an ’I’.

They result from (ii) changes in political boundaries; (ii) inclusion of the Baltic States and the CIS mutual trade beginning with 1996; and (iii) changes in the methods of collecting

and reporting merchandise trade statistics. Details are in the Technical Notes.

It should be noted that the World and Asia totals contain a significant element of double counting due to the use of the general system of recording merchandise trade statistics

which includes imports for re-exports.

Recent figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat.

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Table A7

World exports of commercial services by selected region and economy, 1990-00

(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

World 782700 825100 923100 940400 1036700 1189100 1271300 1321400 1333600 1357300 1435400

North America 151200 167300 178800 187600 205100 224000 245800 264600 270500 282800 311800


Latin America 29700 30900 34600 36600 41300 44400 46700 50300 54200 54100 60700

Antigua and Barbuda 308 317 339 374 396 348 367 ... ... ... ... Argentina 2264 2174 2883 2969 3219 3604 4158 4274 4554 4369 4441 Aruba 398 464 559 588 605 626 751 799 877 972 1015 Bahamas 1465 1313 1361 1434 1490 1523 1558 1573 1517 1789 1995 Barbados 627 594 591 663 785 844 901 933 995 993 ... Belize 83 89 108 116 109 117 125 124 122 133 ... Bolivia 133 143 150 165 177 174 167 232 235 243 ... Brazil 3706 3268 4002 3911 4817 6005 4453 5488 7083 6873 8846 Chile 1786 2060 2283 2441 2764 3249 3575 4017 4030 3701 3843 Colombia 1548 1540 1932 2457 1521 1641 2133 2092 1880 1801 1954 Costa Rica 583 662 808 1005 1163 957 1042 1116 1329 1503 ... Cuba ... ... 744 832 1160 1419 1841 2059 2642 ... ... Dominica 33 37 44 47 53 54 59 71 72 ... ... Dominican Republic 1086 1187 1337 1491 1737 1894 2078 2373 2421 2767 3143 Ecuador 508 524 584 619 706 809 811 779 761 763 910 El Salvador 301 284 338 291 338 342 318 460 576 614 654 Grenada 63 71 75 87 100 98 105 ... ... ... ... Guatemala 313 422 580 625 659 628 533 542 581 653 ... Guyana ... ... 102 112 117 130 ... ... ... ... ... Haiti 43 48 33 26 7 98 104 172 178 ... ... Honduras 121 159 186 191 207 221 277 328 361 432 ... Jamaica 976 950 1060 1211 1452 1568 1574 1672 1743 1820 1975 Mexico 7222 7876 8150 8296 10075 9585 10693 11214 11938 11605 13563 Netherlands Antilles 1130 1191 1302 1323 1382 1656 1574 1604 1637 ... ... Nicaragua 34 50 51 72 92 120 146 186 220 255 ... Panama 907 1019 1029 1071 1172 1298 1356 1442 1594 1614 1742 Paraguay 404 419 350 424 411 566 581 634 606 539 ... Peru 714 742 751 742 949 1042 1322 1458 1672 1468 1463 St. Kitts and Nevis 54 68 79 83 91 ... ... ... ... ... ... St. Lucia 149 171 191 205 237 265 269 ... ... ... ... St. Vincent and the Grenadines 41 43 56 61 61 72 92 ... ... ... ... Suriname 31 33 36 45 70 101 96 85 67 73 85 Trinidad and Tobago 322 397 444 343 317 331 447 535 574 ... ... Uruguay 460 590 822 1020 1324 1309 1388 1413 1309 1235 1326 Venezuela 1121 1148 1206 1230 1454 1529 1448 1364 1301 1118 1002

Western Europe 414900 427000 477500 458700 492100 564600 588600 600800 641700 643700 646400

Austria 22755 25096 26914 26326 27494 31692 33425 29214 29225 30865 30043 Belgium-Luxembourg 24690 26665 29233 28911 35392 33619 33064 34097 36688 40449 41976 Bosnia and Herzegovina - - ... ... ... ... ... ... 663 697 ... Croatia - - ... 2286 2857 2455 3296 4004 3964 3723 4084 Denmark 12731 14236 14034 12479 13578 15171 16341 14044 15212 16824 20582 Finland 4562 4021 4560 4331 5415 7334 7060 6569 6632 6448 5973 France 66274 70080 74536 73796 74688 83108 82585 79914 84164 81292 81153 Germany 51605 53449 58758 56574 59011 75182 79346 78023 79281 79343 80002 Greece 6514 7142 8641 8153 9142 9528 9262 9224 10068 ... ... Iceland 440 451 455 502 527 586 653 724 840 846 949 Ireland 3286 3492 3850 3574 4145 4799 5562 6046 I 16504 15360 16638 Italy 48579 45916 57662 51745 53170 61173 64913 66409 66621 60618 56703 Malta 721 781 862 892 975 1027 1052 1089 1157 1199 1086 Netherlands 28478 32042 37436 37054 40486 45648 47477 48907 50461 52976 52323 Norway 12452 12982 12450 11900 11915 13133 13951 14427 13639 13798 14969 Portugal 5054 5170 5433 6795 6701 8161 7964 7922 8970 8557 8315 Slovenia - - 1219 1391 1807 2016 2129 2042 2025 1896 1883 Spain 27649 28810 33535 30085 33465 39760 43985 43828 48977 53069 53041 Sweden 13453 14382 15877 12298 13383 15336 16669 17505 17675 19691 20014 Switzerland 18233 19080 20327 20755 21898 25041 25339 24481 25792 26320 26416 TFYR Macedonia - - 116 117 128 147 151 127 130 227 ... Turkey 7882 8163 9262 10518 10723 14475 12895 19193 23161 16188 19232 United Kingdom 53172 52557 60043 57761 64702 74572 80813 92332 99858 103152 99875 Yugoslavia, former 6374 2465 - - - - - - - - -

European Union (15) 368800 383100 430500 409900 440800 505100 528500 534000 570300 578800 576800

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(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000


Albania 32 9 19 73 79 94 123 52 83 253 ... Armenia - - ... ... 12 27 75 97 118 129 ... Azerbaijan - - ... ... ... 166 139 332 320 236 234 Belarus - - ... 185 251 466 907 919 919 745 982 Bulgaria 837 400 1070 1171 1257 1431 1366 1307 1766 1758 2128 Czech Rep. - - - 4679 5120 6638 8071 7033 7366 6808 7119 Czech and Slovak Fed. Rep., former 2563 2806 3952 - - - - - - - - Estonia - - 200 326 508 868 1100 1314 1476 1486 1495 Georgia - - ... ... ... ... ... 188 354 217 ... Hungary 2677 2354 3213 2768 3046 5122 5920 5684 5881 5607 6204 Kazakhstan - - ... ... ... 535 674 842 904 933 988 Kyrgyz Rep. - - ... 9 33 39 31 40 58 60 ... Latvia - - 290 529 651 718 1121 1027 1103 1020 1193 Lithuania - - ... 198 322 482 786 1020 1096 1083 1052 Moldova, Rep. of - - ... ... 33 143 103 163 144 130 ... Poland 3200 3687 4773 4201 6655 10637 9786 8969 10890 8430 9496 Romania 610 680 659 799 1023 1476 1552 1500 1192 1340 ... Russian Fed. - - ... ... 8425 10568 13283 14079 12375 9072 9634 Slovak Rep. - - - 1939 2221 2378 2060 2151 2275 1886 2218 Ukraine - - ... ... 2747 2846 4799 4937 3922 3869 3800

Africa 18800 18900 21800 21700 22300 25500 27800 27900 27600 30300 30500

Algeria 479 375 703 554 536 761 718 753 973 1073 ... Angola 65 117 95 89 150 113 226 182 114 130 ... Benin 109 123 125 116 114 159 123 102 127 ... ... Botswana 183 186 168 174 175 236 145 187 241 346 ... Burundi 7 8 7 7 6 4 4 3 3 2 ... Cameroon 369 397 386 363 309 242 ... ... ... ... ... Cape Verde 30 29 30 34 39 57 65 79 74 ... ... Central African Republic 17 16 16 17 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Congo 65 65 54 40 49 55 68 45 ... ... ... Côte d'Ivoire 425 420 479 483 419 426 473 443 461 441 313 Djibouti ... ... 34 38 33 28 ... ... ... ... ... Egypt 4813 6140 7054 7076 7693 8262 9079 9096 7832 9276 9687 Ethiopia 261 234 I 224 250 266 310 321 318 345 392 387 Gabon 214 291 312 286 200 191 205 205 194 249 ... Gambia 53 66 67 65 76 38 88 97 ... ... ... Ghana 79 95 109 133 136 139 144 152 427 454 490 Guinea 91 87 84 46 14 17 63 70 66 36 ... Kenya 774 739 748 761 815 851 789 716 638 710 ... Lesotho 34 34 33 29 30 30 34 79 46 37 ... Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 83 73 67 31 25 24 20 20 37 50 ... Madagascar 129 125 143 153 183 219 253 243 264 ... ... Malawi 37 39 29 30 22 ... ... ... ... ... ... Mali 71 57 63 62 51 68 66 62 ... ... ... Mauritania 14 19 10 15 17 19 23 25 24 ... ... Mauritius 478 522 573 561 629 773 955 889 911 1065 ... Morocco 1871 1492 1968 1857 1877 2020 2433 2203 2557 2803 2860 Mozambique 103 147 165 180 191 242 253 279 286 ... ... Namibia 106 123 150 212 245 301 325 367 315 ... ... Nigeria 965 886 1053 1163 371 608 733 786 884 980 ... Rwanda 31 28 20 21 ... 11 13 34 ... ... ... Senegal 356 296 336 268 309 364 315 329 ... ... ... Seychelles 162 156 182 201 186 200 222 231 266 298 ... Sierra Leone 45 51 36 45 86 71 ... ... ... ... ... South Africa 3442 3051 3211 3120 3556 4414 4808 5150 5098 4905 4930 Sudan 134 37 135 39 44 82 37 30 14 82 ... Swaziland 102 85 94 87 110 150 98 122 102 70 ... Tanzania, United Rep. of 131 142 ... 311 411 566 602 470 534 624 611 Togo 114 87 93 55 52 64 102 78 65 54 ... Tunisia 1575 1308 1887 1953 2174 2401 2527 2518 2607 2763 2587 Uganda ... 21 35 94 64 104 145 165 176 182 ... Zambia 94 69 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Zimbabwe 253 259 277 345 353 469 601 663 646 ... ...

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(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Middle East

Bahrain 359 411 543 652 819 683 666 637 725 749 830 Cyprus 1760 1568 2217 2045 2398 2715 2609 2544 2657 2898 2930 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 343 484 457 1048 410 533 743 1018 902 ... ... Israel 4546 4647 5780 5940 6549 7713 7909 8275 9096 10805 14260 Jordan 1430 1333 1435 1560 1543 1689 1830 1717 1810 1689 1623 Kuwait 1054 756 1269 1027 1189 1143 1262 1507 1496 1298 1793 Oman ... ... 13 13 13 13 18 18 18 18 ... Saudi Arabia 3031 2908 3466 3283 3347 3480 2772 4257 4730 5380 4798 Syrian Arab Republic 740 866 1085 1383 1616 1632 1540 1344 1422 1415 ... Yemen 82 89 120 135 104 141 147 168 133 141 ...

Asia 131500 144300 165200 187400 221100 262200 286500 300000 260000 271500 302800

Australia 9833 10644 10854 11611 13767 15741 18106 18057 15804 16943 17764 Bangladesh 296 344 393 435 419 469 223 266 252 266 ... Cambodia ... ... 50 59 45 103 152 150 99 118 ... China 5748 6864 9108 10992 16354 18430 20567 24504 23879 26165 30146 Fiji 377 382 413 438 489 524 566 616 472 505 ... Hong Kong, China 18128 20574 24290 27690 31142 34338 38295 38514 36249 37110 42067 India 4609 4905 4893 5034 6031 6763 7179 8926 11067 13940 17569 Indonesia 2488 2822 3391 3878 4680 5342 6462 6792 4340 4433 ... Japan 41384 43465 47621 51611 56776 63966 66382 68136 61795 60313 68303 Korea, Rep. of 9155 9690 10479 12479 16233 22133 22648 25439 24828 25766 29184 Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 11 19 36 55 56 68 79 78 116 101 ... Macau, China 1473 1769 2245 2479 2723 3154 3252 3163 2845 2688 2589 Malaysia 3769 4285 4880 6294 9200 11438 14966 15569 11400 11800 13579 Maldives 101 107 153 158 195 230 286 309 329 351 ... Mongolia 48 ... 29 25 35 47 43 50 75 73 ... Myanmar 93 56 102 232 256 350 417 508 611 433 407 Nepal 166 201 210 284 527 592 679 795 433 298 ... New Zealand 2415 2509 2580 2804 3599 4400 4560 4238 3684 4252 4239 Pakistan 1218 1266 1294 1330 1444 1432 1546 1446 1299 1428 ... Papua New Guinea 198 267 329 307 235 321 432 397 318 248 ... Philippines 2897 3313 4565 4617 6749 9323 12929 15130 I 7465 I 4778 4133 Samoa 34 27 33 33 40 53 62 59 58 47 ... Singapore 12719 13730 16102 18497 22939 29724 29572 30121 18829 23612 26634 Solomon Islands 19 24 29 36 42 35 47 64 52 51 ... Sri Lanka 425 524 602 619 729 800 741 850 892 937 ... Taipei, Chinese 6937 8389 10140 13229 13115 14927 16154 17021 16660 17135 20220 Thailand 6292 7132 9162 10877 11425 14652 16704 15619 13074 14542 12839 Tonga 11 13 13 12 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Vanuatu 56 60 65 64 70 75 85 80 108 106 ... Viet Nam 182 449 724 772 1283 2147 2711 2536 2609 2709 ...

Note : Due to frequent revisions to the services data, there are numerous breaks in the continuity of the data series at the country and regional levels. See the Technical Notes.

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Table A8

World imports of commercial services by selected region and economy, 1990-00

(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

World 818300 847900 939900 956100 1040300 1197900 1265000 1306000 1328700 1355200 1436900

North America 125400 129300 130800 140200 151700 162200 173000 190300 205300 213800 240800


Latin America 34700 37300 42500 48000 52000 54300 56400 64200 67100 63400 71600

Antigua and Barbuda 103 109 119 127 128 136 150 ... ... ... ... Argentina 2876 3769 5254 6148 6860 6908 7537 8564 8915 8358 8577 Aruba 111 123 129 137 198 207 483 557 528 685 654 Bahamas 520 501 475 531 593 605 669 790 939 904 918 Barbados 237 209 194 249 299 347 365 389 409 429 ... Belize 54 59 71 82 86 88 88 87 94 97 ... Bolivia 291 291 290 299 314 321 337 401 423 435 ... Brazil 6733 6381 6609 9156 9836 13161 12200 14447 15743 13357 15869 Chile 1983 1991 2419 2625 2868 3524 3786 3917 4077 3959 4336 Colombia 1683 1750 1959 2246 2580 2820 3323 3595 3352 3071 3233 Costa Rica 540 523 700 801 846 895 1019 975 1099 1164 ... Cuba ... ... 375 355 497 574 469 540 570 ... ... Dominica 30 28 30 28 35 37 40 46 45 ... ... Dominican Republic 435 474 546 815 911 957 1100 1160 1300 1224 1340 Ecuador 755 867 888 1097 1091 1202 1170 1427 1498 1264 1349 El Salvador 296 308 349 370 409 488 481 615 723 769 894 Grenada 30 33 33 36 39 37 44 ... ... ... ... Guatemala 363 328 500 548 602 672 638 627 759 760 ... Guyana ... ... 131 141 157 168 ... ... ... ... ... Haiti 71 73 35 30 64 236 241 321 370 ... ... Honduras 213 220 236 288 304 326 326 359 395 498 ... Jamaica 667 639 674 785 923 1073 1118 1196 1258 1271 1317 Mexico 10063 10676 11642 11771 12391 9021 9968 11812 12621 14054 16789 Netherlands Antilles 510 535 603 588 665 719 794 730 842 ... ... Nicaragua 73 77 116 106 160 207 239 229 264 319 ... Panama 666 820 886 942 1030 1049 1001 1244 1103 1052 1010 Paraguay 361 385 391 510 569 676 624 630 549 461 ... Peru 1070 1156 1330 1328 1484 1795 1990 2235 2301 2144 2210 St. Kitts and Nevis 34 34 38 45 43 ... ... ... ... ... ... St. Lucia 78 76 82 84 99 119 135 ... ... ... ... St. Vincent and the Grenadines 30 31 39 42 50 53 53 ... ... ... ... Suriname 150 147 154 92 99 146 144 174 174 136 177 Trinidad and Tobago 460 512 545 455 424 223 199 232 235 ... ... Uruguay 363 388 516 711 821 814 795 840 831 760 855 Venezuela 2390 3272 4106 4361 4525 4654 4625 5353 4916 3563 4317

Western Europe 391800 397000 447200 424400 457000 529100 550800 554300 603400 609900 614600

Austria 14104 15239 17844 19081 20594 27552 29195 28431 27271 29306 29102 Belgium-Luxembourg 24298 26392 28368 27457 33550 32511 31419 31437 34095 36193 38258 Bosnia and Herzegovina - - ... ... ... ... ... ... 278 334 ... Croatia - - ... 1148 1224 1410 1717 1980 1889 2098 1827 Denmark 10106 10370 10665 10402 11997 13945 14642 13727 15779 15169 18348 Finland 7432 7514 7424 6469 7094 9418 8612 8039 7643 7815 8201 France 50455 52780 54572 55737 56177 64523 65617 62597 66432 62685 61520 Germany 79214 84536 97864 95710 104091 125308 128061 123777 128819 132762 132336 Greece 2756 2950 3436 3187 3420 4003 3830 4196 4976 ... ... Iceland 547 595 582 588 567 630 728 788 947 1029 1174 Ireland 5145 5630 7050 6724 8404 11252 13416 15158 I 29459 26577 28692 Italy 46602 44236 57962 48730 48075 54613 57030 58944 62887 57204 55748 Malta 499 503 564 588 668 733 738 692 767 806 847 Netherlands 28995 33201 37799 37241 40316 44616 45385 45497 48152 50261 51116 Norway 12247 12528 12103 11385 11905 13036 13422 14655 14125 14595 14466 Portugal 3772 4158 4486 5258 5255 6339 6359 6292 6725 6673 6412 Slovenia - - 1034 1010 1150 1434 1487 1404 1520 1519 1446 Spain 15197 16385 20249 17594 17906 20970 23521 23903 27038 30101 30818 Sweden 16959 17239 18976 13255 14594 17112 18651 19427 21620 22511 23367 Switzerland 11092 10986 11806 11431 12645 14899 15557 13979 14952 15735 15506 TFYR Macedonia - - 225 230 251 289 300 266 297 316 ... Turkey 2794 2931 3277 3591 3418 4654 6032 8085 9440 8453 7602 United Kingdom 44608 43288 49090 47336 53441 59613 64804 70814 78322 82710 82103 Yugoslavia, former 15012 5586 - - - - - - - - -

European Union (15) 349600 363900 415800 394200 424900 491800 510500 512200 559200 565000 571100

Appe

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182



(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000


Albania 29 33 87 158 128 98 134 93 119 152 ... Armenia - - ... 40 41 52 129 157 190 183 ... Azerbaijan - - ... ... ... 297 433 714 692 476 475 Belarus - - ... 125 197 276 330 354 438 431 421 Bulgaria 600 486 1165 1229 1246 1278 1246 1157 1398 1470 1660 Czech Rep. - - - 3701 4685 4860 6198 5305 5665 5750 5755 Czech and Slovak Fed. Rep., former 2419 1935 2365 - - - - - - - - Estonia - - 123 185 331 420 525 649 814 829 859 Georgia - - ... ... ... ... ... 249 335 224 ... Hungary 2264 1882 2526 2535 2875 3542 3446 3404 4082 4186 4409 Kazakhstan - - ... ... ... 776 928 1124 1154 1104 1836 Kyrgyz Rep. - - ... 51 69 193 247 169 177 156 ... Latvia - - 120 179 211 225 703 637 717 628 709 Lithuania - - ... 177 266 457 639 850 816 747 655 Moldova, Rep. of - - ... ... 74 193 156 191 183 155 ... Poland 2847 2994 4045 3631 3746 7008 6314 5681 6559 6936 7408 Romania 787 819 946 914 1166 1801 1924 1899 1838 1759 ... Russian Fed. - - ... ... 15292 20178 18637 19998 16429 13434 17428 Slovak Rep. - - - 1666 1549 1800 1997 2062 2272 1812 1779 Ukraine - - ... ... 1538 1334 1625 2268 2545 2292 2590

Africa 27000 28400 29300 30300 30700 34600 35200 36700 36600 35500 38600

Algeria 1155 999 1157 940 838 1178 1024 1000 1069 1017 ... Angola 1288 1737 1854 1402 1425 1665 1738 1911 1908 1962 ... Benin 113 169 157 149 155 235 189 170 191 ... ... Botswana 371 379 355 322 317 440 339 435 517 511 ... Burundi 59 67 62 54 59 62 29 37 40 24 ... Cameroon 1018 1115 885 723 477 485 ... ... ... ... ... Cape Verde 23 17 22 25 30 55 62 66 85 ... ... Central African Republic 166 135 152 131 114 ... ... ... ... ... ... Congo 748 780 734 843 983 766 708 553 ... ... ... Côte d'Ivoire 1518 1298 1349 1258 899 1234 1296 1235 1341 1298 1090 Djibouti ... ... 104 106 84 77 ... ... ... ... ... Egypt 3327 2998 4646 5164 5382 4511 4709 5813 5886 5959 7161 Ethiopia 348 272 I 360 288 299 342 331 377 469 463 480 Gabon 984 837 867 1004 809 882 908 943 980 854 ... Gambia 35 55 51 55 49 47 60 60 ... ... ... Ghana 226 252 293 332 319 332 364 395 548 576 527 Guinea 243 252 199 249 233 252 321 204 274 236 ... Kenya 598 542 486 499 601 733 712 705 603 518 ... Lesotho 48 51 57 49 43 58 55 58 50 47 ... Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 926 2194 836 817 705 638 879 853 915 887 ... Madagascar 172 178 197 204 249 277 280 289 326 ... ... Malawi 268 356 339 260 234 ... ... ... ... ... ... Mali 352 308 392 327 296 412 360 324 ... ... ... Mauritania 126 136 160 167 162 197 207 180 130 ... ... Mauritius 407 436 507 503 526 630 666 656 706 651 ... Morocco 940 1014 1148 1049 1208 1350 1301 1267 1482 1537 1763 Mozambique 206 237 246 271 323 350 319 329 396 ... ... Namibia 341 447 494 471 455 538 569 522 449 ... ... Nigeria 1901 2387 1739 2681 2981 4398 4541 4694 4054 3311 ... Rwanda 96 77 89 97 104 58 63 99 ... ... ... Senegal 368 358 403 353 333 405 385 389 ... ... ... Seychelles 79 66 74 91 82 98 102 115 138 156 ... Sierra Leone 67 63 59 61 93 79 ... ... ... ... ... South Africa 4096 3659 4202 4529 4886 5754 5505 5809 5403 5467 5449 Sudan 202 184 197 100 199 150 169 168 200 270 ... Swaziland 171 175 202 249 190 206 233 236 185 170 ... Tanzania, United Rep. of 288 300 341 603 439 729 883 709 885 762 665 Togo 217 255 181 111 109 148 197 168 149 130 ... Tunisia 682 664 970 1195 1198 1245 1131 1066 1121 1106 1058 Uganda 195 242 248 293 436 563 675 669 728 745 ... Zambia 370 352 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Zimbabwe 460 585 622 517 645 704 801 934 754 ... ...

Appe

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(Million dollars)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Middle East

Bahrain 474 534 604 582 622 634 613 635 652 647 683 Cyprus 663 716 871 753 847 1087 1143 1082 1111 1125 1138 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 3703 5403 5541 5484 3062 2192 2899 3182 2392 ... ... Israel 4825 5064 5405 6229 7523 8175 8869 9057 9383 10446 12149 Jordan 1118 963 1168 1149 1197 1385 1348 1241 1588 1485 1426 Kuwait 2805 3075 3274 3373 3641 3847 4215 4055 4243 3866 4078 Oman 719 961 932 906 900 985 975 1166 1316 1061 ... Saudi Arabia 12694 14355 15177 13927 8928 8681 12592 14410 8659 9438 10947 Syrian Arab Republic 702 792 912 1279 1450 1358 1378 1302 1299 1416 ... Yemen 639 691 929 1005 664 604 517 632 649 672 ...

Asia 178800 190000 215100 233800 270700 328000 352100 358500 319100 338000 365100

Australia 13388 13076 13361 13031 15064 16691 18197 18427 16880 17912 17664 Bangladesh 554 555 644 782 857 1192 1059 1188 1164 1305 ... Cambodia ... ... 64 118 132 181 209 182 185 190 ... China 4113 3937 9207 11563 15781 24635 22369 27724 26467 30967 35858 Fiji 239 261 278 296 344 371 387 381 331 364 ... Hong Kong, China 11018 12719 14439 15594 18642 20796 22101 23284 23524 25414 26174 India 5943 5797 6615 6356 8030 10062 11000 12277 14192 17185 19920 Indonesia 5898 6376 7884 9595 11136 13230 14777 16214 11744 11316 ... Japan 84281 85947 92323 95488 105449 121548 128674 122079 110705 114173 115686 Korea, Rep. of 10050 11903 13289 14725 18248 25394 29158 29037 24112 26773 33399 Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 25 47 69 73 149 119 123 107 92 49 ... Macau, China 238 275 308 372 392 418 444 545 545 586 608 Malaysia 5394 6455 7248 9371 11918 14821 17406 18115 12973 14622 16577 Maldives 37 41 49 56 62 75 86 93 98 107 ... Mongolia 155 66 62 65 88 87 108 101 142 140 ... Myanmar 72 54 33 115 118 230 289 429 349 274 319 Nepal 159 179 220 246 290 305 235 216 189 202 ... New Zealand 3251 3351 3514 3455 4034 4601 4806 4823 4425 4492 4453 Pakistan 1863 2084 2423 2377 2182 2431 2913 2424 1944 2060 ... Papua New Guinea 393 543 686 805 608 642 779 924 794 728 ... Philippines 1721 1783 2305 3072 4639 6906 9392 14073 I 10087 I 7492 6066 Samoa 21 31 40 35 28 34 33 39 29 19 ... Singapore 8575 9053 9430 11217 13800 17642 19635 18995 17377 18768 21251 Solomon Islands 56 65 61 79 104 76 80 103 54 86 ... Sri Lanka 620 735 800 844 1020 1169 1173 1271 1328 1378 ... Taipei, Chinese 13923 16023 18589 20469 20465 22982 23750 24120 23246 23328 25720 Thailand 6160 7854 10254 12307 15231 18601 19313 17144 11874 13464 14713 Tonga 20 20 20 18 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Vanuatu 24 27 27 30 33 35 36 35 43 48 ... Viet Nam 126 270 412 694 1264 1982 2772 3134 3156 3573 ...

Note: Due to frequent revisions to the services trade data, there are numerous breaks in the continuity of the series at the country and regional levels. See the Technical Notes.

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Table A9

Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1990, 1995 and 2000

(Billion dollars)

Destination World a North America Latin America Western Europe

Origin 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000

World

Agricultural products 414.19 576.71 558.28 45.95 62.36 83.56 15.89 27.71 30.97 209.01 271.86 243.82 Food 315.14 443.07 442.33 34.59 43.72 63.00 13.04 22.60 25.81 161.16 214.44 198.05 Raw materials 99.05 133.64 115.95 11.36 18.64 20.55 2.85 5.10 5.16 47.85 57.41 45.78

Mining products 482.86 521.33 813.20 89.89 90.47 163.63 17.80 24.31 39.33 205.99 199.35 271.13 Ores and other minerals 52.74 59.93 62.11 6.79 7.27 8.18 1.50 2.12 2.03 24.10 26.67 24.56 Fuels 357.36 355.65 630.91 71.50 65.84 131.97 14.81 19.25 32.91 143.02 123.58 194.58 Non-ferrous metals 72.76 105.75 120.17 11.60 17.36 23.48 1.49 2.95 4.39 38.88 49.10 51.98

Manufactures 2390.00 3641.83 4629.96 470.46 724.64 1124.65 90.90 180.27 266.07 1183.08 1555.59 1838.75 Iron and steel 105.76 150.36 143.50 12.73 17.91 23.52 3.66 5.54 6.54 54.49 69.37 62.19 Chemicals 295.86 465.64 573.76 30.67 53.32 89.08 14.62 27.84 38.70 161.39 230.03 261.69 Other semi-manufactures 263.74 388.80 449.07 44.31 64.50 101.85 8.13 17.92 25.17 144.94 191.00 197.03 Machinery and transport equipment 1212.94 1903.84 2565.86 280.06 444.40 678.90 49.88 98.96 147.68 556.95 736.95 962.08 Automotive products 318.94 452.18 571.32 104.57 141.16 212.03 9.68 24.86 32.45 157.64 204.37 246.39 Office and telecom equipment 298.49 600.65 939.88 75.81 152.13 228.81 9.88 22.44 44.33 130.16 205.46 314.13 Other machinery and transport equipment 595.50 851.00 1054.66 99.68 151.11 238.05 30.32 51.65 70.90 269.15 327.12 401.56 Textiles 104.27 149.73 157.46 9.12 13.30 20.61 2.90 6.54 11.44 53.53 60.79 53.01 Clothing 108.00 157.37 198.94 27.83 39.89 67.06 2.49 6.14 10.34 59.40 74.47 80.00 Other consumer goods 299.44 426.09 541.37 65.73 91.32 143.64 9.21 17.33 26.20 152.39 192.98 222.73 Total merchandise exports b 3388.00 4934.00 6186.00 619.65 898.03 1405.90 129.22 238.14 345.85 1627.67 2114.42 2437.90

North America




Latin America




Appe

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185



(Billion dollars)

C./E.Europe/BS/CIS c Africa Middle East Asia Destination

1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 Origin

World

21.14 24.16 24.58 15.54 20.60 18.10 15.22 19.41 19.65 89.73 147.92 134.49 Agricultural products... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 59.96 103.33 98.43 Food... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 29.77 44.59 36.06 Raw materials

12.88 14.95 34.28 8.66 10.01 16.75 7.05 7.98 13.16 129.35 162.43 253.34 Mining products... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 15.68 19.73 21.54 Ores and other minerals... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 96.32 112.07 198.88 Fuels... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 17.35 30.62 32.92 Non-ferrous metals

81.84 109.23 164.68 62.63 79.57 82.24 68.67 95.69 112.13 416.15 872.43 1005.66 Manufactures... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 22.55 43.11 33.83 Iron and steel... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 58.76 111.66 127.19 Chemicals... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 41.39 77.13 76.39 Other semi-manufactures... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 205.61 476.48 581.32 Machinery and transport equipment... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 26.80 50.98 39.08 Automotive products... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 66.55 196.64 309.11 Office and telecom equipment... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 112.27 228.86 233.13 Other machinery and transport equipment... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25.97 48.41 48.33 Textiles... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 11.70 25.49 28.05 Clothing... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 50.17 90.15 110.54 Other consumer goods

118.93 151.47 228.72 88.24 112.45 120.24 94.29 128.32 150.35 650.59 1211.80 1427.47 Total merchandise exports b

North America

3.63 1.77 1.17 2.59 3.87 3.16 2.68 3.29 3.18 31.60 46.18 36.02 Agricultural products3.48 1.69 1.08 2.09 3.46 2.91 2.44 3.00 2.89 19.77 29.71 25.45 Food0.14 0.08 0.09 0.50 0.42 0.25 0.23 0.29 0.28 11.83 16.47 10.57 Raw materials

0.19 0.26 0.13 0.40 0.43 0.51 0.38 0.54 0.38 12.28 11.44 8.42 Mining products0.04 0.07 0.02 0.23 0.14 0.07 0.09 0.03 0.04 4.33 4.09 3.08 Ores and other minerals0.14 0.19 0.09 0.14 0.25 0.24 0.16 0.21 0.16 4.94 3.97 2.84 Fuels0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.19 0.12 0.30 0.17 3.02 3.39 2.50 Non-ferrous metals

1.33 3.78 4.66 5.52 6.20 7.61 8.30 12.34 15.56 83.89 146.86 178.37 Manufactures0.03 0.03 0.05 0.14 0.16 0.06 0.15 0.14 0.07 0.74 1.51 0.68 Iron and steel0.35 0.35 0.53 0.67 0.85 0.92 0.66 0.94 1.13 14.84 22.95 23.56 Chemicals0.04 0.21 0.24 0.32 0.48 0.44 0.76 1.35 2.11 5.56 9.30 8.66 Other semi-manufactures0.72 2.57 3.17 3.92 4.05 5.50 5.68 8.37 10.53 50.27 93.21 119.99 Machinery and transport equipment0.03 0.39 0.17 0.26 0.44 0.41 1.24 1.92 1.49 3.62 8.42 5.43 Automotive products0.16 0.71 0.92 0.56 0.67 0.81 0.87 1.71 2.32 19.28 42.53 64.03 Office and telecom equipment0.53 1.46 2.08 3.10 2.94 4.28 3.57 4.75 6.72 27.37 42.26 50.53 Other machinery and transport equipment0.03 0.09 0.06 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.25 0.35 0.15 1.10 1.36 1.31 Textiles0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.06 0.43 1.21 0.65 Clothing0.15 0.50 0.59 0.36 0.55 0.59 0.72 1.09 1.50 10.97 17.33 23.51 Other consumer goods5.26 6.16 6.36 9.00 11.14 12.00 12.28 18.84 20.37 132.89 211.49 229.11 Total merchandise exports b

Latin America




Appe

ndix

tabl

es

186



(Billion dollars)


Origin 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000

Western Europe




C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS c

Agricultural products 12.62 21.30 24.23 0.35 0.50 0.62 0.35 0.12 0.14 8.06 11.77 9.23 Mining products 39.22 47.67 93.03 0.97 2.37 3.40 0.82 2.16 3.79 26.55 28.34 47.23 Manufactures 50.06 86.24 146.75 1.18 4.51 7.27 1.74 1.22 2.17 21.76 51.07 87.24 Total merchandise exports b 105.42 159.48 270.99 2.55 7.53 11.52 3.15 3.52 6.25 58.20 93.50 146.60

Africa


Middle East


Asia




Appe

ndix

tabl

es

187



(Billion dollars)

C./E.Europe/BS/CIS c Africa Middle East Asia Destination

1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 Origin

Western Europe



53.37 79.42 111.48 43.63 48.69 47.13 36.69 48.03 50.19 105.58 186.97 172.56 Manufactures2.28 2.16 3.02 2.36 2.14 1.43 2.30 2.32 1.60 3.72 5.57 2.98 Iron and steel7.79 11.54 16.68 6.82 8.11 7.26 5.66 6.88 7.10 17.71 27.54 28.44 Chemicals4.34 9.51 13.77 4.96 5.54 4.73 6.26 8.61 9.13 12.63 19.69 18.78 Other semi-manufactures

28.83 36.44 55.11 22.90 24.43 25.19 16.45 21.70 23.79 51.05 103.11 93.83 Machinery and transport equipment2.32 7.61 12.34 5.44 5.50 5.11 2.63 3.35 4.35 9.93 17.31 12.11 Automotive products3.20 5.92 13.27 2.59 3.41 5.54 1.70 2.71 4.93 6.18 19.34 31.83 Office and telecom equipment

23.31 22.91 29.50 14.86 15.52 14.53 12.12 15.64 14.52 34.94 66.47 49.88 Other machinery and transport equipment2.36 6.09 7.47 2.51 3.36 3.40 1.20 1.58 1.23 3.14 4.52 3.72 Textiles1.72 3.01 3.15 0.51 0.94 1.11 0.52 1.09 1.20 2.46 4.10 2.89 Clothing6.05 10.67 12.28 3.57 4.17 4.03 4.31 5.85 6.14 14.87 22.45 21.91 Other consumer goods


C./E. Europe/Baltic States/CIS c

1.78 4.53 8.68 0.35 0.48 0.48 0.20 0.59 0.52 1.53 3.03 3.86 Agricultural products6.91 9.54 28.58 0.29 0.24 0.31 0.36 0.51 2.41 3.28 3.71 5.82 Mining products

15.99 13.91 33.96 1.44 1.57 1.67 1.72 3.04 2.72 6.17 10.07 9.29 Manufactures25.10 29.00 72.10 2.10 2.42 2.76 2.75 4.24 6.51 11.46 17.28 20.46 Total merchandise exports b

Africa

0.57 0.65 0.78 1.92 2.27 1.80 0.37 0.51 0.61 2.46 3.67 3.38 Agricultural products0.61 0.76 0.28 1.79 2.82 3.91 0.46 0.48 0.70 3.27 6.01 15.78 Mining products0.99 0.11 0.08 2.40 5.46 5.24 0.72 0.69 0.79 2.18 3.43 3.59 Manufactures2.33 1.52 1.16 6.14 10.58 10.97 1.55 1.69 2.13 8.03 14.97 24.76 Total merchandise exports b

Middle East


Asia



8.64 11.08 13.08 8.36 15.66 17.60 16.98 26.18 34.65 210.30 510.93 625.99 Manufactures0.42 0.16 0.13 0.36 0.56 0.48 1.17 0.90 1.33 13.19 27.39 24.01 Iron and steel1.02 0.46 0.79 0.44 1.14 1.55 0.59 1.11 1.89 20.92 52.26 65.64 Chemicals1.29 0.39 0.59 0.89 1.56 2.17 1.83 3.04 3.84 20.62 44.04 45.39 Other semi-manufactures3.12 5.32 5.85 4.52 8.01 8.10 7.91 11.86 16.83 101.53 275.67 359.67 Machinery and transport equipment0.22 0.98 1.66 1.81 3.42 2.87 2.94 4.37 7.00 12.72 24.37 20.94 Automotive products1.28 2.83 2.27 0.77 1.53 1.47 1.61 3.08 3.24 40.85 133.84 209.62 Office and telecom equipment1.62 1.50 1.93 1.94 3.06 3.76 3.37 4.41 6.58 47.96 117.46 129.12 Other machinery and transport equipment0.91 0.75 1.01 1.06 2.12 2.68 2.39 4.20 4.79 21.32 42.05 42.84 Textiles1.08 1.97 2.82 0.32 0.74 1.03 1.27 2.18 2.48 8.77 20.11 24.42 Clothing0.81 2.03 1.89 0.77 1.54 1.60 1.81 2.88 3.50 23.96 49.40 64.01 Other consumer goods


a Includes unspecified destinations.b Includes unspecified products.c Excludes the intra-trade of the Baltic States and the CIS in 1990 and 1995.Note : For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.

Appe

ndix

tabl

es

188

Table A10

Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 1998-00

(Billion dollars)


Origin 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000

World




North America




Latin America




Appe

ndix

tabl

es

189



(Billion dollars)

C./E.Europe/BS/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Destination

1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 Origin

World

30.68 23.51 24.58 20.75 18.32 18.10 19.32 19.59 19.65 118.06 122.22 134.49 Agricultural products... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 89.64 91.39 98.43 Food... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 28.42 30.83 36.06 Raw materials

27.91 24.94 34.28 9.55 11.19 16.75 7.19 7.68 13.16 142.48 172.67 253.34 Mining products... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16.33 17.23 21.54 Ores and other minerals... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 101.84 128.98 198.88 Fuels... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 24.31 26.46 32.92 Non-ferrous metals

164.18 144.71 164.68 85.51 81.20 82.24 113.84 105.68 112.13 755.57 830.68 1005.66 Manufactures... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 27.11 28.95 33.83 Iron and steel... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 95.73 108.88 127.19 Chemicals... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 60.73 66.66 76.39 Other semi-manufactures... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 426.23 467.90 581.32 Machinery and transport equipment... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30.52 32.67 39.08 Automotive products... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 201.59 239.55 309.11 Office and telecom equipment... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 194.12 195.68 233.13 Other machinery and transport equipment... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 39.32 41.54 48.33 Textiles... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 23.30 24.33 28.05 Clothing... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 83.16 92.42 110.54 Other consumer goods


North America




Latin America




Appe

ndix

tabl

es

190



(Billion dollars)


Origin 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000

Western Europe






Africa


Middle East


Asia




Appe

ndix

tabl

es

191



(Billion dollars)

C./E.Europe/BS/CIS Africa Middle East Asia Destination

1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 Origin

Western Europe



111.06 100.57 111.48 51.07 48.22 47.13 50.85 48.01 50.19 149.36 152.98 172.56 Manufactures3.01 2.84 3.02 2.13 1.45 1.43 2.15 1.57 1.60 2.95 2.69 2.98 Iron and steel

15.96 14.93 16.68 8.04 7.57 7.26 7.38 7.07 7.10 23.42 26.84 28.44 Chemicals13.62 12.59 13.77 5.16 4.90 4.73 8.04 8.71 9.13 15.26 17.15 18.78 Other semi-manufactures53.65 48.40 55.11 26.28 25.14 25.19 24.08 22.40 23.79 82.68 80.22 93.83 Machinery and transport equipment11.64 10.33 12.34 4.91 4.93 5.11 3.92 3.39 4.35 10.56 10.44 12.11 Automotive products10.12 10.47 13.27 5.21 5.03 5.54 3.68 4.12 4.93 22.32 24.34 31.83 Office and telecom equipment31.89 27.60 29.50 16.16 15.17 14.53 16.48 14.89 14.52 49.80 45.44 49.88 Other machinery and transport equipment7.58 7.10 7.47 3.71 3.61 3.40 1.50 1.28 1.23 3.36 3.37 3.72 Textiles3.97 3.21 3.15 1.48 1.33 1.11 1.36 1.18 1.20 3.09 2.81 2.89 Clothing

13.28 11.49 12.28 4.28 4.22 4.03 6.34 5.79 6.14 18.61 19.91 21.91 Other consumer goods132.94 118.05 129.49 63.65 59.20 58.93 61.38 56.98 59.53 172.52 178.38 199.00 Total merchandise exports b



Africa


Middle East


Asia



11.78 10.80 13.08 16.80 17.01 17.60 32.96 30.63 34.65 440.36 501.12 625.99 Manufactures0.13 0.15 0.13 0.83 0.49 0.48 1.45 1.25 1.33 19.22 20.02 24.01 Iron and steel0.60 0.70 0.79 1.45 1.52 1.55 1.52 1.66 1.89 46.56 53.57 65.64 Chemicals0.48 0.52 0.59 1.85 2.15 2.17 3.30 3.36 3.84 34.73 38.55 45.39 Other semi-manufactures5.88 5.04 5.85 8.21 8.07 8.10 17.76 15.20 16.83 240.92 279.47 359.67 Machinery and transport equipment2.24 1.82 1.66 3.13 2.98 2.87 7.28 6.35 7.00 14.67 17.21 20.94 Automotive products1.99 1.75 2.27 1.51 1.50 1.47 3.08 2.70 3.24 132.50 160.62 209.62 Office and telecom equipment1.65 1.47 1.93 3.57 3.59 3.76 7.41 6.15 6.58 93.75 101.63 129.12 Other machinery and transport equipment0.94 0.84 1.01 2.26 2.42 2.68 3.98 4.04 4.79 34.37 36.54 42.84 Textiles2.29 2.16 2.82 0.79 0.87 1.03 1.82 2.05 2.48 19.48 20.80 24.42 Clothing1.45 1.39 1.89 1.41 1.50 1.60 3.11 3.08 3.50 45.08 52.17 64.01 Other consumer goods


a Includes unspecified destinations.b Includes unspecified products.Note : For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.

Appe

ndix

tabl

es

192

Table A11

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Canada

(Billion dollars)

C./E. Europe/

North America Latin America Western Europe Baltic States/CIS Africa Middle East Asia

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 1998 19.49 8.86 1.38 1.52 3.01 1.62 0.13 0.15 0.95 0.26 0.29 0.03 5.97 1.541999 21.16 9.06 1.18 1.50 2.83 1.73 0.08 0.16 0.59 0.24 0.49 0.03 6.26 1.522000 21.85 9.94 1.30 1.57 3.29 1.74 0.07 0.15 0.64 0.21 0.61 0.04 7.02 1.58

Food 1998 9.72 6.63 1.30 1.41 1.29 1.46 0.11 0.14 0.89 0.23 0.24 0.03 3.28 1.281999 10.27 6.81 1.11 1.37 1.15 1.55 0.06 0.15 0.53 0.22 0.44 0.03 3.00 1.292000 11.06 7.33 1.21 1.42 1.02 1.55 0.06 0.14 0.59 0.19 0.56 0.04 3.13 1.34

Raw materials 1998 9.77 2.23 0.08 0.11 1.73 0.17 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.00 2.69 0.271999 10.89 2.24 0.07 0.13 1.69 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.00 3.26 0.232000 10.79 2.61 0.09 0.14 2.27 0.18 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.00 3.90 0.24

Mining products 1998 23.52 6.10 0.33 1.35 2.58 2.64 0.01 0.17 0.08 0.83 0.04 0.38 2.50 0.511999 24.16 5.12 0.25 1.53 4.37 3.81 0.02 0.23 0.07 0.81 0.03 0.41 1.97 0.522000 43.57 6.64 0.25 2.02 2.30 6.44 0.02 0.28 0.05 1.31 0.02 1.08 2.11 0.81

Ores and other 1998 1.57 1.48 0.10 0.53 1.45 0.17 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.16 0.01 0.00 0.66 0.37 minerals 1999 1.41 1.48 0.09 0.57 1.32 0.16 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.50 0.35

2000 1.54 1.57 0.10 0.73 1.44 0.17 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.68 0.46

Fuels 1998 16.00 2.56 0.15 0.78 0.32 2.28 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.61 0.00 0.37 1.20 0.051999 16.70 1.51 0.13 0.92 2.49 3.42 0.01 0.17 0.02 0.67 0.00 0.40 0.91 0.062000 35.23 2.65 0.09 1.24 0.26 5.97 0.01 0.13 0.02 1.22 0.00 1.07 0.73 0.20

Non-ferrous metals 1998 5.96 2.06 0.08 0.04 0.82 0.19 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.65 0.101999 6.05 2.13 0.03 0.03 0.56 0.23 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.56 0.112000 6.79 2.41 0.06 0.04 0.60 0.30 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.71 0.16

Manufactures 1998 126.36 119.20 2.50 5.63 5.90 17.36 0.40 0.70 0.38 0.27 0.51 0.33 4.20 24.791999 144.72 127.21 2.29 6.76 6.57 18.99 0.29 0.55 0.39 0.32 0.46 0.37 4.30 27.242000 158.80 134.83 2.58 8.65 7.73 20.51 0.31 0.78 0.33 0.33 0.53 0.58 5.36 32.28

Iron and steel 1998 3.00 2.48 0.03 0.30 0.05 0.85 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.661999 2.76 2.49 0.03 0.23 0.05 0.73 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.572000 3.07 2.82 0.04 0.35 0.05 0.85 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.88

Chemicals 1998 9.88 13.09 0.32 0.13 0.69 2.84 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.05 1.18 0.621999 10.49 14.19 0.31 0.13 0.72 3.07 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.12 0.05 0.06 1.21 0.712000 12.12 15.42 0.43 0.16 0.66 3.39 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.08 0.04 0.11 1.49 0.78

Other semi- 1998 19.50 11.81 0.48 0.28 0.84 1.60 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.69 1.63 manufactures 1999 21.55 12.93 0.44 0.34 1.15 1.71 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.71 1.70

2000 23.12 14.64 0.49 0.42 1.10 1.90 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.09 0.11 0.73 2.01

Machinery and 1998 79.76 75.46 1.47 4.02 3.55 9.39 0.23 0.16 0.24 0.04 0.31 0.12 1.84 14.86 transport 1999 93.95 80.17 1.34 5.03 3.82 10.71 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.06 0.27 0.12 1.94 16.66 equipment 2000 101.70 83.74 1.44 6.62 4.94 11.38 0.18 0.27 0.21 0.08 0.34 0.26 2.62 19.99

Power generating 1998 2.23 2.51 0.04 0.08 0.41 0.85 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.11 0.12 machinery 1999 2.23 2.62 0.03 0.10 0.42 1.10 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.17 0.22

2000 2.81 2.75 0.03 0.12 0.47 0.90 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.17 0.16

Other non- 1998 9.00 14.45 0.35 0.26 0.71 3.56 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.01 0.10 0.03 0.39 2.10 electrical 1999 9.32 14.26 0.28 0.29 0.67 3.89 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.36 1.97 machinery 2000 9.96 15.12 0.30 0.36 0.77 4.01 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.40 2.32

Office and 1998 10.75 11.93 0.42 1.05 0.93 1.18 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.08 0.04 0.72 7.60 telecommunication 1999 11.90 11.97 0.33 1.47 0.95 1.46 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.70 8.49 equipment 2000 17.63 13.94 0.35 2.01 1.56 2.12 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.08 0.94 10.26

Electrical 1998 3.56 6.16 0.09 0.96 0.19 0.64 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.15 1.27 machinery and 1999 3.91 6.91 0.08 1.11 0.21 0.79 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.14 1.52 apparatus 2000 4.51 7.66 0.07 1.16 0.22 0.89 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.15 1.92

Automotive 1998 47.66 33.81 0.52 1.56 0.30 1.51 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.18 3.01 products 1999 59.35 37.81 0.42 1.92 0.35 1.61 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.34 3.75

2000 59.19 37.57 0.53 2.70 0.27 1.69 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.59 4.18

Other transport 1998 6.56 6.59 0.04 0.11 1.01 1.65 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.31 0.77 equipment 1999 7.25 6.59 0.19 0.13 1.21 1.86 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.21 0.71

2000 7.62 6.70 0.15 0.27 1.64 1.78 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.37 1.16

Textiles 1998 1.68 2.64 0.04 0.12 0.11 0.42 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.791999 1.83 2.61 0.03 0.13 0.10 0.40 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.812000 2.01 2.66 0.04 0.14 0.08 0.40 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.87

Clothing 1998 1.61 0.63 0.01 0.19 0.05 0.27 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.02 2.091999 1.80 0.56 0.01 0.21 0.05 0.26 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 2.162000 2.00 0.55 0.01 0.24 0.04 0.27 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 2.53

Other consumer 1998 10.93 13.09 0.15 0.58 0.60 1.99 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.38 4.14 goods 1999 12.35 14.27 0.13 0.69 0.70 2.13 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.35 4.63

2000 14.77 15.00 0.13 0.73 0.86 2.33 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.40 5.23

Total merchandise a 1998 181.90 137.31 4.33 8.74 12.39 21.96 0.58 1.03 1.43 1.36 0.90 0.74 13.07 26.941999 205.08 144.44 3.83 10.00 14.44 24.92 0.41 0.94 1.09 1.37 1.05 0.82 12.89 29.352000 241.63 154.52 4.22 12.43 13.85 29.07 0.43 1.22 1.05 1.86 1.20 1.71 14.73 34.74

Appe

ndix

tabl

es

193


Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Canada

(Billion dollars)

United States EU (15) Japan China Mexico Korea, Rep of World b



Food 1998 9.72 6.63 1.19 1.29 1.67 0.03 0.62 0.15 0.39 0.26 0.11 0.03 16.84 11.181999 10.27 6.81 1.04 1.39 1.62 0.04 0.49 0.16 0.34 0.25 0.11 0.03 16.57 11.442000 11.06 7.32 0.92 1.40 1.72 0.04 0.50 0.20 0.47 0.27 0.15 0.03 17.63 12.03

Raw materials 1998 9.77 2.23 1.68 0.16 1.59 0.02 0.30 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.19 0.02 14.38 2.811999 10.89 2.24 1.64 0.17 1.78 0.02 0.46 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.36 0.01 16.03 2.842000 10.79 2.61 2.20 0.18 2.06 0.02 0.52 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.47 0.02 17.16 3.25

Mining products 1998 23.52 6.09 2.10 1.10 1.45 0.03 0.11 0.06 0.05 0.18 0.50 0.04 29.07 11.991999 24.16 5.12 3.92 2.29 1.12 0.02 0.11 0.07 0.05 0.23 0.38 0.04 30.87 12.442000 43.56 6.63 1.80 3.67 1.06 0.05 0.20 0.09 0.08 0.34 0.35 0.07 48.32 18.58


2000 1.54 1.57 1.06 0.14 0.26 0.01 0.20 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.00 3.81 3.02

Fuels 1998 16.00 2.56 0.28 0.78 0.81 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.30 0.03 17.68 6.731999 16.70 1.51 2.45 1.94 0.62 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.18 0.23 0.02 20.26 7.152000 35.23 2.65 0.19 3.26 0.48 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.27 0.19 0.05 36.34 12.48


Manufactures 1998 126.33 119.19 5.35 16.31 1.00 9.34 0.64 4.91 0.51 4.72 0.38 2.12 140.24 169.701999 144.70 127.21 6.16 17.84 1.03 10.03 0.73 5.74 0.66 5.93 0.44 2.31 159.03 183.522000 158.77 134.82 7.33 19.22 1.13 11.05 1.26 7.27 0.76 7.52 0.51 3.34 175.64 200.75

Iron and steel 1998 3.00 2.48 0.05 0.78 0.01 0.35 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.08 0.00 0.12 3.13 4.741999 2.76 2.49 0.05 0.66 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.10 2.89 4.252000 3.07 2.82 0.05 0.76 0.01 0.28 0.01 0.11 0.02 0.09 0.00 0.19 3.22 5.26

Chemicals 1998 9.88 13.08 0.59 2.56 0.18 0.22 0.25 0.12 0.05 0.07 0.20 0.05 12.18 16.881999 10.49 14.19 0.64 2.78 0.17 0.24 0.32 0.12 0.06 0.08 0.16 0.05 12.86 18.352000 12.11 15.42 0.62 3.07 0.21 0.23 0.51 0.14 0.08 0.09 0.18 0.06 14.80 20.06


2000 23.12 14.64 1.07 1.81 0.32 0.50 0.04 0.64 0.05 0.27 0.05 0.19 25.62 19.26



2000 2.81 2.75 0.43 0.87 0.01 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.10 0.02 0.03 3.58 4.07





2000 59.19 37.57 0.25 1.67 0.11 3.49 0.29 0.06 0.31 2.59 0.08 0.51 60.66 46.28


2000 7.61 6.69 1.52 1.72 0.06 0.59 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.18 0.01 0.28 9.93 10.18

Textiles 1998 1.68 2.64 0.10 0.37 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.18 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.12 1.92 4.031999 1.83 2.61 0.09 0.36 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.20 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.12 2.03 4.002000 2.01 2.66 0.08 0.35 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.25 0.01 0.09 0.01 0.13 2.21 4.13

Clothing 1998 1.61 0.63 0.05 0.23 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.68 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.17 1.71 3.271999 1.80 0.56 0.04 0.22 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.74 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.18 1.88 3.282000 2.00 0.55 0.04 0.22 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.92 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.21 2.08 3.69


2000 14.77 15.00 0.81 2.13 0.19 1.02 0.05 2.89 0.04 0.64 0.02 0.16 16.30 23.50



b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.Note: Imports are valued f.o.b. For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.

Appe

ndix

tabl

es

194

Table A12

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United States

(Billion dollars)

C./E. Europe/




Food 1998 7.94 9.52 10.02 15.60 9.79 9.64 1.76 0.56 2.21 1.03 2.21 0.18 20.10 9.541999 8.12 10.08 9.34 15.86 7.83 10.60 1.15 0.64 2.26 0.93 2.16 0.17 20.74 10.362000 8.56 10.98 9.62 15.26 7.43 10.49 1.03 0.62 2.32 0.91 2.34 0.18 22.33 10.94

Raw materials 1998 2.45 9.75 3.08 2.21 3.60 1.32 0.05 0.07 0.23 0.19 0.18 0.03 5.91 2.761999 2.48 10.88 2.44 2.46 3.13 1.38 0.06 0.08 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.06 5.47 2.472000 2.89 10.73 3.00 2.42 3.86 1.29 0.07 0.09 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.03 6.68 2.55

Mining products 1998 6.25 22.77 5.59 23.14 5.35 8.20 0.19 3.09 0.35 12.54 0.34 9.63 4.88 5.251999 6.13 25.16 5.55 29.21 4.31 10.31 0.06 4.29 0.32 13.23 0.35 14.61 5.28 5.512000 7.15 42.68 8.38 46.55 5.03 17.62 0.11 6.02 0.46 23.25 0.36 23.97 6.31 7.52


2000 1.65 1.54 0.57 1.27 1.43 0.69 0.02 0.08 0.04 0.53 0.04 0.04 2.41 1.24

Fuels 1998 2.48 15.16 3.33 19.03 1.94 4.80 0.12 0.40 0.24 10.73 0.16 9.46 1.80 2.571999 2.26 17.64 3.47 25.00 1.66 6.88 0.05 1.01 0.18 11.38 0.16 14.42 2.15 2.942000 2.82 34.22 6.14 41.93 1.85 12.81 0.08 1.64 0.23 20.94 0.16 23.69 2.11 4.53


Manufactures 1998 133.15 123.29 116.62 102.55 134.87 167.85 5.18 7.47 7.67 3.07 19.39 9.86 141.15 343.461999 143.24 140.43 117.48 117.58 140.39 183.75 4.06 6.86 6.47 3.23 16.88 10.96 146.79 380.022000 155.30 156.36 141.34 142.45 153.64 204.75 4.35 9.62 7.28 3.78 15.04 15.01 173.20 437.12

Iron and steel 1998 2.81 2.86 1.67 3.13 0.56 5.17 0.02 2.45 0.25 0.59 0.15 0.03 0.58 6.491999 2.77 2.68 1.41 3.05 0.50 4.36 0.02 1.23 0.18 0.49 0.07 0.02 0.50 4.522000 3.18 2.92 1.63 3.40 0.71 4.96 0.04 1.64 0.06 0.55 0.06 0.05 0.63 4.88

Chemicals 1998 13.71 9.80 14.94 3.40 20.42 29.37 0.43 1.14 0.87 0.29 0.95 1.34 17.98 11.101999 14.84 10.34 14.47 3.76 20.99 35.04 0.29 1.18 0.76 0.27 1.01 1.29 19.63 12.202000 16.20 11.95 17.18 4.52 24.30 41.56 0.50 2.16 0.90 0.34 1.10 1.79 22.10 13.68


2000 16.08 22.87 12.37 8.10 7.44 17.34 0.22 0.73 0.39 0.63 2.03 5.90 7.94 26.18



2000 2.94 2.78 3.08 2.34 9.36 10.21 0.07 0.19 0.20 0.00 0.57 0.15 4.47 3.00





2000 39.07 60.19 15.41 29.94 6.57 29.36 0.16 0.40 0.40 0.15 1.45 0.03 4.84 52.65


2000 7.01 7.74 4.43 4.07 20.66 12.81 0.64 0.21 2.16 0.03 3.20 0.33 14.11 10.07

Textiles 1998 2.79 1.63 3.22 1.57 1.60 3.00 0.08 0.19 0.07 0.16 0.26 0.21 1.19 6.701999 2.77 1.78 3.97 1.70 1.29 3.10 0.06 0.19 0.07 0.14 0.20 0.24 1.14 7.152000 2.85 1.97 5.19 2.01 1.39 3.28 0.05 0.19 0.07 0.17 0.14 0.41 1.27 7.68

Clothing 1998 0.78 1.57 6.71 16.13 0.52 3.55 0.02 0.62 0.02 1.06 0.09 1.06 0.65 31.721999 0.75 1.76 6.41 17.82 0.41 3.54 0.01 0.56 0.01 1.09 0.07 1.21 0.61 32.812000 0.76 1.97 6.79 20.06 0.38 3.93 0.01 0.81 0.02 1.32 0.06 1.47 0.63 36.83


2000 17.48 14.00 14.69 15.47 24.13 31.02 0.53 0.78 0.56 0.21 1.45 1.45 23.13 77.02


Appe

ndix

tabl

es

195


Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United States

(Billion dollars)

Canada EU (15) Mexico Japan China Korea, Rep. of World b



Food 1998 7.86 9.51 8.76 8.69 5.20 5.51 11.32 0.43 1.11 0.84 1.74 0.15 54.33 46.071999 8.05 10.06 6.95 9.56 5.08 5.78 11.72 0.48 0.77 0.98 2.24 0.18 51.97 48.642000 8.49 10.96 6.53 9.57 5.75 6.06 12.37 0.46 1.51 1.09 2.24 0.20 53.92 49.37

Raw materials 1998 2.44 9.75 3.31 1.26 1.84 0.43 2.48 0.19 0.57 0.34 0.95 0.18 15.52 16.331999 2.48 10.88 2.98 1.31 1.51 0.45 2.27 0.21 0.50 0.38 1.00 0.15 13.97 17.502000 2.89 10.73 3.49 1.23 1.86 0.46 2.37 0.21 0.86 0.40 1.29 0.19 16.95 17.33

Mining products 1998 6.21 22.77 4.95 6.26 3.34 7.06 1.82 0.82 0.46 0.98 0.82 0.36 22.95 84.631999 6.11 25.16 4.08 7.33 3.81 8.72 1.86 0.90 0.58 0.84 1.06 0.49 22.01 102.332000 7.13 42.68 4.71 12.68 6.09 14.64 2.20 1.04 1.03 1.30 1.12 0.87 27.80 167.61


2000 1.65 1.54 1.39 0.63 0.44 0.36 0.66 0.08 0.68 0.23 0.51 0.03 6.15 5.39

Fuels 1998 2.45 15.16 1.81 3.40 1.77 5.53 0.73 0.28 0.13 0.44 0.32 0.22 10.07 62.151999 2.24 17.64 1.54 4.46 2.27 7.42 0.76 0.35 0.12 0.28 0.49 0.33 9.93 79.272000 2.81 34.22 1.70 8.63 4.30 13.21 0.84 0.38 0.06 0.75 0.35 0.65 13.38 139.78


Manufactures 1998 132.92 123.29 125.21 156.24 64.98 79.05 40.64 120.56 11.91 72.18 12.41 23.61 558.11 757.561999 143.05 140.43 131.03 170.90 72.53 91.23 40.03 129.23 11.06 84.63 17.99 31.03 575.33 842.842000 155.03 156.35 142.90 190.50 92.64 113.12 46.35 145.36 12.56 99.28 22.55 39.66 650.16 969.11

Iron and steel 1998 2.80 2.86 0.51 4.74 1.17 1.31 0.10 3.45 0.06 0.45 0.05 1.35 6.03 20.731999 2.77 2.68 0.45 3.99 1.15 1.26 0.12 1.77 0.07 0.41 0.05 1.06 5.45 16.362000 3.18 2.92 0.62 4.53 1.30 1.31 0.16 1.41 0.07 0.65 0.07 1.05 6.32 18.40

Chemicals 1998 13.69 9.80 19.05 26.93 6.88 1.54 5.55 6.28 1.97 1.53 1.65 0.77 69.30 56.441999 14.82 10.34 19.18 32.28 7.19 1.65 5.79 6.76 2.09 1.80 2.15 0.82 71.98 64.072000 16.17 11.95 22.29 38.79 8.83 1.84 6.50 7.46 2.26 1.87 2.74 0.90 82.27 76.01


2000 16.05 22.87 6.81 16.03 9.25 5.44 2.37 5.74 0.79 7.78 0.64 1.70 46.47 81.75



2000 2.94 2.78 8.88 9.76 1.55 2.19 1.46 1.67 0.24 0.46 0.44 0.42 20.68 18.67





2000 39.07 60.19 6.35 29.17 13.26 29.01 2.59 44.77 0.21 0.58 0.38 5.49 67.90 172.72


2000 6.99 7.74 18.32 12.58 1.73 2.16 3.83 6.84 1.77 1.55 2.04 0.26 52.22 35.26

Textiles 1998 2.78 1.63 1.51 2.57 1.96 1.21 0.25 0.59 0.08 1.51 0.13 0.87 9.22 13.461999 2.77 1.78 1.21 2.60 2.88 1.34 0.23 0.59 0.09 1.69 0.14 0.91 9.51 14.302000 2.84 1.97 1.32 2.73 3.78 1.60 0.28 0.62 0.12 1.89 0.15 0.95 10.95 15.71

Clothing 1998 0.78 1.57 0.48 2.54 2.65 6.87 0.49 0.09 0.01 7.44 0.01 2.13 8.79 55.721999 0.75 1.76 0.38 2.48 2.55 7.91 0.45 0.10 0.01 7.74 0.01 2.38 8.27 58.782000 0.75 1.97 0.36 2.64 2.45 9.02 0.46 0.11 0.01 8.76 0.02 2.54 8.65 66.40


2000 17.38 14.00 21.75 27.63 9.84 11.84 8.90 14.50 1.23 42.28 2.06 2.08 81.98 139.95



b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.


Appe

ndix

tabl

es

196

Table A13

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Brazil

(Billion dollars)

C./E. Europe/




Food 1998 1.42 0.59 1.50 4.05 6.83 0.93 0.88 0.03 0.89 0.01 1.17 0.01 2.34 0.261999 1.54 0.32 1.04 2.87 6.32 0.64 0.99 0.01 0.66 0.06 1.09 0.01 2.09 0.152000 1.32 0.23 1.20 2.92 6.07 0.63 0.65 0.03 0.52 0.06 0.87 0.01 2.10 0.13

Raw materials 1998 0.51 0.35 0.20 0.37 0.79 0.14 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.17 0.01 0.01 0.39 0.171999 0.61 0.26 0.20 0.32 0.86 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.48 0.132000 0.72 0.36 0.19 0.30 1.14 0.17 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.57 0.17

Mining products 1998 0.66 1.06 0.66 2.36 2.33 0.66 0.12 0.06 0.14 1.55 0.15 1.01 1.41 0.421999 0.80 0.88 0.60 2.52 1.95 0.58 0.07 0.11 0.13 2.00 0.17 0.88 1.56 0.342000 1.20 0.79 0.80 4.32 2.36 0.74 0.07 0.30 0.19 2.67 0.20 1.19 1.66 0.67


2000 0.31 0.11 0.35 0.38 1.57 0.05 0.07 0.01 0.15 0.05 0.18 0.04 1.19 0.03

Fuels 1998 0.21 0.66 0.11 1.68 0.02 0.37 0.00 0.02 0.00 1.48 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.361999 0.25 0.54 0.13 1.85 0.02 0.30 0.00 0.05 0.00 1.93 0.00 0.85 0.00 0.272000 0.53 0.49 0.24 3.48 0.07 0.42 0.00 0.19 0.02 2.56 0.00 1.16 0.05 0.57


Manufactures 1998 7.47 13.78 11.92 6.39 5.44 17.08 0.16 0.58 0.59 0.22 0.24 0.30 1.68 7.991999 8.05 12.01 9.60 4.38 5.17 15.28 0.14 0.51 0.51 0.14 0.18 0.23 1.86 6.622000 10.46 13.46 11.65 4.96 6.25 14.38 0.25 0.78 0.60 0.23 0.21 0.35 2.36 8.64

Iron and steel 1998 1.29 0.12 0.99 0.15 0.73 0.38 0.01 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.58 0.201999 1.20 0.08 0.61 0.12 0.55 0.24 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.65 0.082000 1.41 0.09 0.67 0.15 0.77 0.24 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.70 0.09

Chemicals 1998 0.44 3.54 1.64 1.17 0.67 3.86 0.01 0.35 0.08 0.12 0.02 0.17 0.33 0.751999 0.48 3.31 1.49 1.17 0.55 3.81 0.01 0.35 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.17 0.36 0.762000 0.66 3.40 1.70 1.33 0.65 3.86 0.02 0.56 0.10 0.15 0.03 0.23 0.41 0.96


2000 1.17 0.87 1.77 0.48 1.20 1.12 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.44 0.48



2000 0.22 0.86 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.07





2000 0.80 0.40 2.91 1.73 0.74 1.45 0.01 0.02 0.15 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.61


2000 2.38 0.60 0.34 0.09 1.41 1.00 0.16 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.23 0.22

Textiles 1998 0.16 0.16 0.53 0.28 0.13 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.381999 0.18 0.15 0.46 0.23 0.12 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.322000 0.21 0.18 0.50 0.26 0.12 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.44

Clothing 1998 0.04 0.03 0.11 0.09 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.211999 0.04 0.01 0.10 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.122000 0.10 0.01 0.14 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11


2000 1.54 1.08 0.87 0.28 0.55 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.11 0.82


Appe

ndix

tabl

es

197


Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Brazil

(Billion dollars)

EU (15) United States Argentina Japan Mexico China World b



Food 1998 6.59 0.68 1.30 0.42 0.45 2.80 0.74 0.00 0.07 0.05 0.55 0.03 15.14 5.871999 6.09 0.48 1.40 0.24 0.39 2.13 0.71 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.23 0.03 13.80 4.082000 5.78 0.48 1.20 0.15 0.44 2.12 0.64 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.44 0.02 12.81 3.99

Raw materials 1998 0.77 0.13 0.50 0.33 0.08 0.21 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 1.92 1.281999 0.83 0.14 0.60 0.25 0.08 0.19 0.21 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.01 2.18 1.052000 1.07 0.16 0.71 0.35 0.07 0.14 0.27 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.09 0.01 2.66 1.17

Mining products 1998 2.19 0.59 0.58 0.84 0.36 0.82 0.81 0.05 0.06 0.17 0.20 0.11 5.47 7.181999 1.80 0.52 0.74 0.70 0.29 0.80 0.85 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.06 5.29 7.342000 2.09 0.57 1.14 0.62 0.39 1.66 0.88 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.32 0.11 6.50 10.68


2000 1.43 0.04 0.25 0.04 0.22 0.04 0.49 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.29 0.01 3.82 0.66

Fuels 1998 0.02 0.32 0.20 0.52 0.01 0.76 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.11 0.35 5.621999 0.02 0.26 0.25 0.42 0.03 0.73 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.40 5.852000 0.07 0.26 0.53 0.41 0.06 1.59 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.09 0.91 8.87


Manufactures 1998 5.14 16.12 7.14 12.72 5.85 4.59 0.45 3.36 0.86 0.82 0.13 0.98 27.51 46.451999 4.97 14.42 7.75 11.23 4.60 2.99 0.42 2.65 0.93 0.59 0.14 0.85 25.51 39.242000 5.82 13.42 10.09 12.53 5.32 3.28 0.69 3.03 1.54 0.70 0.23 1.21 31.80 43.00

Iron and steel 1998 0.67 0.37 1.15 0.11 0.30 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.02 0.02 0.01 3.67 0.961999 0.54 0.23 1.10 0.07 0.23 0.09 0.13 0.05 0.13 0.01 0.03 0.00 3.10 0.572000 0.71 0.22 1.28 0.09 0.21 0.07 0.14 0.04 0.13 0.05 0.04 0.01 3.64 0.68

Chemicals 1998 0.60 3.37 0.42 3.31 0.89 0.57 0.17 0.29 0.07 0.30 0.01 0.14 3.19 10.051999 0.50 3.37 0.47 3.07 0.77 0.59 0.14 0.28 0.07 0.29 0.02 0.15 3.02 9.702000 0.61 3.38 0.64 3.15 0.86 0.70 0.14 0.29 0.08 0.25 0.05 0.22 3.57 10.56


2000 1.17 1.08 1.12 0.65 0.72 0.26 0.05 0.17 0.09 0.02 0.04 0.06 4.77 2.99



2000 0.05 0.28 0.20 0.85 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.41 1.25





2000 0.72 1.44 0.77 0.34 1.26 1.56 0.00 0.40 0.87 0.11 0.01 0.00 4.68 4.31


2000 1.22 0.95 2.37 0.57 0.15 0.04 0.17 0.14 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 4.54 1.91

Textiles 1998 0.12 0.21 0.14 0.16 0.28 0.19 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.89 1.071999 0.11 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.24 0.16 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.82 0.902000 0.11 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.25 0.18 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.90 1.11

Clothing 1998 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.18 0.371999 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.17 0.212000 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.28 0.19


2000 0.53 0.91 1.49 1.05 0.40 0.13 0.03 0.26 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.25 3.11 3.20


a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.

Appe

ndix

tabl

es

198

Table A14

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - European Union (15)

(Billion dollars)

C./E. Europe/




Food 1998 9.18 10.90 3.36 20.38 149.08 149.80 10.31 4.55 6.97 11.06 4.91 1.32 9.40 12.421999 10.33 9.95 2.88 19.40 148.29 149.23 7.55 4.39 6.09 10.72 5.22 1.34 10.11 11.992000 10.65 9.84 2.98 18.52 139.81 140.42 7.38 4.46 6.15 9.50 5.14 1.26 10.24 11.83

Raw materials 1998 0.99 5.82 0.29 2.20 26.50 25.98 1.42 4.41 1.17 2.97 0.43 0.62 2.14 5.031999 1.06 5.48 0.27 2.23 23.53 23.25 1.35 4.13 0.97 2.59 0.43 0.50 2.74 4.342000 1.19 6.48 0.30 2.76 23.86 23.61 1.57 4.56 0.94 2.65 0.47 0.62 3.24 4.92

Mining products 1998 6.26 9.17 1.34 8.88 75.88 88.39 3.39 21.25 2.20 21.87 1.33 16.51 3.15 6.161999 8.36 7.46 1.17 8.69 77.76 92.78 3.31 24.67 1.96 23.93 1.32 18.78 4.04 5.582000 14.89 8.67 1.29 10.92 97.70 122.65 3.90 36.81 2.91 37.27 1.73 28.80 5.12 6.62


2000 0.69 3.38 0.14 3.61 11.17 11.83 0.45 2.86 0.23 2.18 0.18 0.26 1.63 2.75

Fuels 1998 3.49 2.78 0.79 2.51 39.29 49.24 1.67 12.58 1.44 18.24 0.47 15.86 0.38 1.971999 5.47 2.22 0.66 2.90 43.03 54.83 1.59 16.85 1.31 20.16 0.63 18.17 0.81 1.822000 10.88 2.49 0.63 4.36 60.48 81.51 1.84 26.72 2.18 33.25 1.03 28.21 0.95 2.20


Manufactures 1998 171.85 161.68 49.95 11.42 1216.85 1181.72 103.96 67.92 48.05 18.81 46.29 11.70 138.30 245.011999 189.20 169.65 44.00 12.00 1223.95 1195.79 94.94 72.59 45.18 19.31 43.21 11.86 141.36 259.492000 208.86 184.80 45.94 13.74 1208.63 1174.80 105.28 80.08 44.61 21.56 45.43 13.32 159.72 287.08

Iron and steel 1998 4.68 0.76 1.43 1.13 50.71 49.78 2.89 4.88 1.80 1.09 1.70 0.12 2.65 2.921999 4.14 0.76 1.03 1.08 44.83 44.15 2.73 3.86 1.24 0.93 1.14 0.07 2.43 1.812000 5.31 0.80 1.10 1.35 47.02 46.35 2.90 4.71 1.26 1.21 1.23 0.17 2.70 2.46

Chemicals 1998 25.55 23.60 8.11 1.73 193.30 191.27 14.07 5.51 7.49 1.61 6.59 2.13 20.60 12.261999 31.88 25.00 7.79 1.63 192.96 190.86 13.28 5.28 7.06 1.41 6.25 2.17 23.80 12.262000 35.55 27.79 8.05 1.80 193.13 189.55 14.81 6.15 6.75 1.59 6.27 2.62 25.34 12.81


2000 18.74 10.70 4.15 2.02 138.12 137.43 13.04 11.20 4.49 5.86 8.19 2.93 18.13 18.85



2000 13.85 16.22 1.09 0.20 17.19 16.57 1.15 1.18 1.30 0.25 1.83 0.68 5.26 2.98





2000 27.86 6.57 5.53 1.75 200.08 189.49 12.09 13.24 4.91 0.94 4.23 0.26 12.08 21.29


2000 15.23 18.13 4.72 1.40 50.45 47.44 2.51 1.95 1.90 0.23 1.89 0.26 5.98 9.06

Textiles 1998 2.85 1.97 0.85 0.29 42.94 42.51 7.01 2.41 3.55 0.81 1.10 0.79 3.19 9.081999 3.00 1.76 0.69 0.24 38.41 38.40 6.63 2.38 3.40 0.69 0.91 0.76 3.19 8.472000 3.24 1.72 0.74 0.22 34.97 34.88 6.93 2.68 3.23 0.75 0.86 0.75 3.50 8.72

Clothing 1998 2.81 0.81 0.49 0.33 40.80 44.53 3.10 9.05 1.04 6.62 1.24 0.81 3.01 24.461999 2.87 0.69 0.42 0.33 40.13 43.64 2.75 8.89 0.96 6.58 1.06 0.81 2.73 25.862000 3.09 0.61 0.43 0.35 37.19 40.76 2.88 8.85 0.97 6.64 1.06 0.77 2.80 27.81


2000 29.15 27.75 4.49 1.17 136.96 133.00 11.59 9.68 3.84 1.57 5.24 1.64 18.39 48.29


Appe

ndix

tabl

es

199


Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - European Union (15)

(Billion dollars)

Intra-EU Extra-EU United States Switzerland Japan China World b


Agricultural products 1998 166.55 60.36 91.27 8.71 12.75 3.94 1.66 4.41 0.42 0.85 2.13 226.92 257.821999 163.22 58.35 86.65 9.36 11.08 4.00 1.71 4.67 0.44 1.32 2.15 221.57 249.872000 155.38 59.18 86.41 9.48 11.35 3.75 1.74 4.60 0.44 1.52 2.44 214.57 241.79

Food 1998 142.17 51.65 68.52 7.83 8.93 3.13 1.28 3.81 0.12 0.58 1.37 193.81 210.681999 141.49 49.59 65.74 8.45 7.75 3.19 1.33 3.93 0.10 0.76 1.36 191.08 207.232000 133.40 49.49 62.64 8.50 7.58 2.95 1.29 3.83 0.12 0.64 1.56 182.89 196.04

Raw materials 1998 24.39 8.72 22.75 0.88 3.82 0.80 0.38 0.60 0.30 0.27 0.76 33.11 47.141999 21.73 8.77 20.91 0.91 3.33 0.80 0.38 0.74 0.34 0.56 0.79 30.50 42.642000 21.98 9.69 23.77 0.98 3.77 0.80 0.44 0.76 0.32 0.87 0.88 31.68 45.75

Mining products 1998 68.01 28.97 109.22 5.77 6.49 4.06 2.12 0.77 0.46 0.31 1.13 96.98 177.231999 70.26 30.31 114.24 7.43 4.85 3.70 2.10 0.85 0.40 0.78 0.99 100.57 184.502000 88.48 41.56 169.74 13.27 5.67 4.43 2.46 1.06 0.50 0.98 1.24 130.04 258.22

Ores and other 1998 10.20 3.56 16.58 0.41 1.80 0.28 0.37 0.23 0.08 0.16 0.35 13.76 26.78 minerals 1999 9.65 3.77 15.47 0.47 1.44 0.25 0.52 0.28 0.09 0.33 0.29 13.43 25.13

2000 10.20 4.37 16.78 0.52 1.81 0.26 0.56 0.24 0.12 0.52 0.34 14.57 26.98

Fuels 1998 34.47 16.36 73.56 3.25 2.36 2.60 0.41 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.41 50.82 108.031999 38.17 17.76 81.30 4.95 1.72 2.41 0.43 0.05 0.04 0.26 0.36 55.93 119.472000 54.20 25.98 130.89 9.80 1.94 2.97 0.45 0.06 0.04 0.19 0.43 80.18 185.09

Non-ferrous metals 1998 23.34 9.06 19.08 2.11 2.34 1.17 1.33 0.49 0.32 0.13 0.36 32.40 42.421999 22.44 8.78 17.46 2.02 1.69 1.03 1.15 0.52 0.26 0.18 0.35 31.22 39.902000 24.08 11.22 22.08 2.95 1.92 1.20 1.45 0.76 0.34 0.26 0.47 35.29 46.16

Manufactures 1998 1102.67 683.61 601.48 157.45 151.12 53.04 46.48 28.59 79.44 16.58 41.29 1786.28 1704.151999 1114.57 680.72 635.41 164.67 151.71 53.54 46.67 31.38 82.79 19.26 47.15 1795.29 1749.982000 1095.76 735.64 687.83 179.35 165.14 52.24 44.61 34.69 85.39 23.87 57.47 1831.40 1783.59

Iron and steel 1998 46.69 19.30 14.05 4.04 0.65 1.57 0.75 0.14 0.52 0.43 0.36 65.99 60.741999 41.53 16.10 11.17 3.39 0.62 1.38 0.70 0.12 0.39 0.41 0.22 57.64 52.702000 43.49 18.11 13.60 4.27 0.66 1.55 0.76 0.16 0.41 0.50 0.37 61.60 57.09

Chemicals 1998 175.39 103.59 63.71 23.35 22.62 9.86 12.74 5.89 4.95 1.44 2.29 278.98 239.101999 174.68 111.72 64.79 28.03 22.98 10.25 12.54 7.17 5.07 1.86 2.25 286.40 239.472000 174.57 118.58 68.52 30.96 25.62 9.92 11.32 7.56 5.08 2.47 2.51 293.15 243.09

Other semi- 1998 128.68 74.11 55.92 14.01 8.65 6.86 7.37 2.09 2.97 1.18 3.48 202.79 184.60 manufactures 1999 128.38 75.20 59.53 14.52 8.06 6.38 8.24 2.23 3.08 1.51 4.11 203.58 187.91

2000 124.79 80.45 64.49 16.01 8.53 6.65 7.94 2.40 3.03 2.01 5.00 205.25 189.28

Machinery and 1998 554.19 364.76 308.80 89.92 94.79 21.06 15.37 13.06 60.46 12.34 12.91 918.95 862.99 transport 1999 572.65 356.65 334.87 90.58 94.83 22.03 14.82 14.14 64.06 13.99 15.75 929.31 907.52 equipment 2000 567.70 391.20 367.21 97.44 103.11 21.09 14.45 16.36 66.40 16.94 21.24 958.91 934.91

Power generating 1998 14.78 23.44 19.51 10.34 11.68 0.96 0.99 0.40 0.91 0.73 0.49 38.21 34.29 machinery 1999 16.05 24.86 21.41 11.05 12.79 1.25 1.00 0.40 0.95 0.89 0.54 40.92 37.46

2000 14.96 26.70 23.57 11.75 14.62 1.18 1.00 0.47 0.95 1.02 0.64 41.66 38.53

Other non- 1998 110.21 111.47 46.00 23.53 14.50 5.74 8.14 2.91 8.76 4.75 1.06 221.68 156.21 electrical 1999 111.14 102.21 48.32 22.43 14.40 5.55 7.90 2.73 9.68 5.26 1.37 213.35 159.47 machinery 2000 104.64 104.49 54.86 22.95 15.78 5.63 7.60 3.09 10.50 5.91 1.78 209.14 159.50

Office and 1998 140.93 69.35 123.78 13.58 33.92 4.61 1.55 2.68 22.09 3.32 7.36 210.28 264.72 telecommunication 1999 149.85 75.42 135.27 13.83 35.43 5.08 1.63 3.26 23.42 4.11 8.74 225.27 285.12 equipment 2000 158.75 94.21 157.01 15.94 40.19 5.38 1.72 4.27 25.21 5.42 11.89 252.95 315.75

Electrical 1998 59.17 41.68 39.63 7.44 9.15 2.59 3.15 1.31 6.51 1.18 3.47 100.85 98.79 machinery and 1999 59.35 40.93 43.11 7.79 9.55 2.63 3.04 1.43 7.31 1.57 4.46 100.28 102.45 apparatus 2000 57.31 45.38 50.95 8.82 10.93 2.56 2.88 1.64 8.86 2.07 5.99 102.69 108.26

Automotive 1998 190.62 74.01 44.25 22.87 5.75 4.98 0.70 5.01 17.75 0.65 0.09 264.62 234.86 products 1999 193.69 71.57 49.22 24.01 5.89 4.98 0.68 5.58 17.90 0.55 0.14 265.26 242.91

2000 186.15 80.69 47.73 24.91 5.50 4.76 0.66 5.91 16.12 0.99 0.16 266.84 233.88

Other transport 1998 38.48 44.82 35.64 12.16 19.78 2.18 0.84 0.74 4.43 1.72 0.43 83.31 74.12 equipment 1999 42.56 41.67 37.54 11.46 16.77 2.54 0.57 0.73 4.80 1.60 0.51 84.23 80.10

2000 45.89 39.74 33.09 13.06 16.09 1.59 0.60 0.97 4.76 1.53 0.78 85.63 78.98

Textiles 1998 38.79 23.07 19.23 2.52 1.83 1.26 1.36 0.77 0.79 0.21 1.55 61.86 58.021999 34.79 21.82 17.98 2.55 1.56 1.17 1.19 0.68 0.78 0.26 1.54 56.61 52.772000 31.39 22.30 18.39 2.72 1.53 1.07 1.10 0.71 0.69 0.33 1.87 53.68 49.77

Clothing 1998 36.67 15.82 50.11 2.54 0.73 2.39 0.39 1.68 0.14 0.05 6.85 52.49 86.791999 36.10 14.83 50.82 2.49 0.58 2.31 0.36 1.50 0.14 0.06 7.62 50.93 86.922000 33.46 14.97 52.45 2.65 0.51 2.12 0.30 1.44 0.14 0.06 8.10 48.43 85.91

Other consumer 1998 122.26 82.96 89.66 21.07 21.86 10.04 8.48 4.97 9.62 0.92 13.85 205.22 211.92 goods 1999 126.44 84.38 96.25 23.12 23.09 10.01 8.81 5.54 9.27 1.17 15.65 210.82 222.69

2000 120.36 90.02 103.17 25.32 25.17 9.83 8.74 6.06 9.64 1.56 18.38 210.38 223.53




Note: The figures are affected by the "INTRASTAT" system of recording trade between EU member States. Unspecified products account for 3.9 per cent of total

intra-EU trade, and intra-EU imports are under-recorded. To compensate for this under-recording, intra-EU exports have been used to obtain total (World) imports.

Major trading partners were selected on the basis of 1999 data. 2000 exports and imports have been partly estimated by the Secretariat. See the Technical Notes.

Appe

ndix

tabl

es

200

Table A15

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - France

(Billion dollars)

C./E. Europe/




Food 1998 2.12 0.97 0.48 2.26 28.52 20.08 0.95 0.38 2.27 2.30 1.10 0.26 2.29 1.221999 2.33 0.82 0.45 2.04 27.31 19.33 0.78 0.37 1.81 2.09 1.29 0.26 2.25 1.162000 2.24 0.76 0.45 1.99 24.56 17.91 0.66 0.35 1.94 1.88 1.05 0.24 2.23 1.18

Raw materials 1998 0.10 0.67 0.04 0.32 2.73 3.11 0.09 0.26 0.12 0.49 0.03 0.04 0.22 0.651999 0.11 0.63 0.04 0.32 2.50 3.11 0.08 0.24 0.11 0.46 0.03 0.03 0.25 0.502000 0.11 0.82 0.04 0.45 2.65 3.25 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.48 0.03 0.03 0.32 0.56

Mining products 1998 0.56 0.85 0.13 1.16 10.03 12.24 0.16 2.46 0.48 3.70 0.17 3.76 0.32 0.761999 0.42 0.77 0.09 1.15 9.97 12.93 0.16 2.97 0.41 3.71 0.15 4.23 0.30 0.722000 0.85 0.92 0.17 1.50 11.77 19.13 0.17 4.82 0.61 5.73 0.19 6.84 0.33 0.85


2000 0.06 0.16 0.01 0.36 1.66 1.30 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.32 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.28

Fuels 1998 0.26 0.36 0.08 0.31 5.31 7.04 0.08 1.86 0.32 3.04 0.09 3.73 0.06 0.331999 0.18 0.33 0.05 0.35 5.59 8.02 0.08 2.47 0.26 3.18 0.09 4.19 0.07 0.312000 0.58 0.39 0.13 0.47 6.79 13.47 0.10 4.13 0.48 5.14 0.14 6.80 0.09 0.34


Manufactures 1998 21.28 24.44 6.92 1.44 160.64 156.83 8.22 4.97 13.30 4.90 5.58 0.85 20.98 29.851999 22.80 24.52 5.54 1.44 163.38 154.87 7.93 5.61 12.93 4.75 6.52 0.81 18.73 31.932000 25.37 26.77 6.54 1.77 162.28 158.82 9.28 6.95 12.94 4.66 6.23 0.92 20.10 36.86

Iron and steel 1998 0.75 0.10 0.20 0.17 7.27 7.89 0.18 0.25 0.43 0.16 0.21 0.00 0.39 0.141999 0.65 0.08 0.17 0.11 6.84 6.86 0.17 0.15 0.27 0.13 0.15 0.00 0.36 0.082000 0.95 0.09 0.18 0.18 7.09 7.92 0.25 0.20 0.31 0.15 0.22 0.01 0.36 0.13

Chemicals 1998 2.91 3.88 1.19 0.25 26.95 27.93 1.83 0.86 2.32 0.51 1.00 0.21 2.80 1.781999 3.31 4.11 1.15 0.21 27.67 27.86 1.72 0.74 2.26 0.44 0.96 0.22 3.27 1.862000 3.70 4.47 1.24 0.25 28.08 29.51 1.86 0.83 2.16 0.43 0.98 0.22 3.44 1.94


2000 1.82 1.06 0.39 0.15 16.68 19.09 0.79 0.68 0.99 0.18 0.45 0.09 1.28 1.73



2000 3.45 4.41 0.12 0.01 2.07 1.94 0.11 0.09 0.31 0.02 0.22 0.02 0.61 0.18





2000 0.94 0.44 1.08 0.14 34.02 27.12 1.18 0.77 1.47 0.07 0.53 0.01 0.67 1.53


2000 5.48 2.27 1.27 0.39 9.33 7.25 0.32 0.08 0.83 0.02 1.08 0.02 2.21 1.11

Textiles 1998 0.29 0.18 0.08 0.04 5.15 5.81 0.41 0.14 1.18 0.17 0.13 0.05 0.32 1.001999 0.29 0.18 0.07 0.03 4.66 5.28 0.45 0.15 1.10 0.14 0.13 0.05 0.32 0.972000 0.32 0.20 0.07 0.03 4.36 4.98 0.50 0.19 1.06 0.16 0.12 0.05 0.33 1.06

Clothing 1998 0.30 0.10 0.06 0.04 4.01 4.38 0.23 0.76 0.27 2.62 0.23 0.08 0.64 3.491999 0.29 0.06 0.05 0.03 4.05 4.15 0.24 0.83 0.26 2.53 0.20 0.08 0.60 3.732000 0.33 0.05 0.05 0.04 3.73 3.83 0.25 0.86 0.24 2.41 0.20 0.10 0.63 4.04


2000 2.75 3.86 0.38 0.24 15.29 17.43 0.68 0.71 1.07 0.48 0.60 0.11 2.71 6.99


Appe

ndix

tabl

es

201


Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - France

(Billion dollars)

Intra-EU (15) Extra-EU United States Switzerland Japan China World b



Food 1998 27.12 19.08 10.62 8.55 1.79 0.82 0.93 0.23 1.09 0.01 0.13 0.21 37.74 27.631999 26.02 18.33 10.20 7.93 2.00 0.68 0.96 0.26 0.86 0.01 0.18 0.21 36.22 26.262000 23.39 17.03 9.77 7.45 1.90 0.62 0.86 0.23 0.93 0.01 0.16 0.22 33.16 24.48

Raw materials 1998 2.57 2.98 0.76 2.60 0.09 0.44 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.05 3.33 5.581999 2.36 2.98 0.76 2.34 0.10 0.39 0.09 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.04 3.12 5.322000 2.51 3.10 0.85 2.81 0.10 0.47 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.15 0.04 3.36 5.91

Mining products 1998 8.11 8.72 3.80 16.33 0.49 0.61 1.62 0.34 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.18 11.91 25.051999 8.22 9.25 3.31 17.30 0.38 0.56 1.42 0.31 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.16 11.53 26.552000 9.82 12.33 4.36 27.55 0.82 0.65 1.66 0.32 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.17 14.18 39.88


2000 1.57 1.21 0.28 1.27 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 1.85 2.48

Fuels 1998 3.70 4.10 2.58 12.61 0.22 0.33 1.40 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.14 6.28 16.711999 4.09 4.86 2.26 14.00 0.16 0.29 1.25 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10 6.35 18.862000 5.08 7.32 3.29 23.45 0.57 0.32 1.50 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.11 8.37 30.77


Manufactures 1998 147.32 147.28 92.79 79.90 19.37 23.43 7.40 6.44 3.32 9.42 2.96 6.77 240.11 227.181999 149.25 145.43 89.29 82.49 20.09 23.55 8.22 6.36 3.43 10.15 2.87 7.63 238.54 227.922000 148.66 149.05 96.33 91.11 23.28 25.61 7.22 6.38 3.88 11.63 2.60 9.44 244.99 240.16

Iron and steel 1998 6.88 7.67 2.57 1.07 0.64 0.08 0.20 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.09 0.02 9.45 8.741999 6.52 6.69 2.10 0.77 0.54 0.07 0.17 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.01 8.62 7.462000 6.70 7.73 2.66 0.98 0.78 0.07 0.22 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.02 9.36 8.71

Chemicals 1998 24.61 25.32 14.39 10.48 2.65 3.79 1.60 2.46 0.77 0.83 0.15 0.32 39.00 35.801999 25.29 25.30 15.05 10.55 3.06 4.05 1.54 2.42 0.94 0.78 0.18 0.36 40.34 35.852000 25.82 27.15 15.67 10.85 3.44 4.37 1.44 2.22 0.93 0.86 0.24 0.31 41.49 38.00


2000 15.43 18.00 6.97 5.15 1.61 0.95 0.77 0.74 0.32 0.39 0.12 0.56 22.40 23.15



2000 1.80 1.64 5.08 5.10 3.37 4.27 0.16 0.11 0.04 0.06 0.20 0.05 6.88 6.74





2000 31.73 26.27 8.16 4.26 0.91 0.40 0.60 0.07 0.21 1.21 0.11 0.02 39.89 30.53


2000 8.27 7.06 13.89 4.59 5.01 2.13 0.68 0.12 0.18 0.65 0.42 0.07 22.16 11.65

Textiles 1998 4.85 5.40 2.72 2.10 0.26 0.18 0.12 0.16 0.08 0.12 0.02 0.21 7.57 7.501999 4.38 4.89 2.65 2.02 0.26 0.17 0.11 0.14 0.07 0.12 0.02 0.21 7.03 6.912000 4.06 4.59 2.70 2.16 0.29 0.19 0.10 0.14 0.07 0.13 0.02 0.28 6.76 6.75

Clothing 1998 3.57 3.64 2.18 8.01 0.26 0.10 0.31 0.04 0.36 0.03 0.01 1.05 5.75 11.651999 3.63 3.45 2.06 8.11 0.26 0.06 0.30 0.03 0.33 0.04 0.01 1.23 5.69 11.562000 3.34 3.16 2.09 8.32 0.30 0.05 0.27 0.02 0.33 0.04 0.01 1.31 5.43 11.48


2000 13.19 16.04 10.30 14.16 2.42 3.68 1.65 1.14 1.10 1.40 0.16 3.30 23.49 30.20



b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.Note: In this table figures refer to the combined trade of France and her overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Reunion). For sources and methods,

see the Technical Notes.

Appe

ndix

tabl

es

202

Table A16

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Germany

(Billion dollars)

C./E. Europe/




Food 1998 0.78 1.95 0.20 4.61 20.22 28.82 3.19 1.87 0.52 1.60 0.50 0.25 0.98 2.791999 0.80 1.61 0.19 4.16 19.74 27.54 2.30 1.72 0.54 1.46 0.67 0.24 0.92 2.572000 0.78 1.45 0.20 3.79 17.30 22.15 2.03 1.80 0.52 1.11 0.98 0.20 0.84 2.33

Raw materials 1998 0.17 1.19 0.09 0.39 3.53 5.85 0.57 0.98 0.13 0.31 0.07 0.12 0.35 1.091999 0.13 1.00 0.08 0.40 3.32 5.31 0.54 0.98 0.12 0.25 0.06 0.10 0.48 0.852000 0.16 1.24 0.09 0.47 3.18 4.73 0.61 0.92 0.13 0.26 0.06 0.09 0.56 0.92

Mining products 1998 1.00 1.53 0.31 2.00 12.19 19.54 1.14 6.63 0.17 3.55 0.18 1.31 0.88 1.191999 1.11 1.26 0.31 1.76 11.59 18.46 1.25 7.86 0.14 4.09 0.18 1.69 1.02 1.032000 1.46 1.40 0.44 1.99 13.39 26.56 1.52 11.79 0.20 6.31 0.19 2.74 1.29 1.22


2000 0.11 0.71 0.02 1.01 2.58 2.45 0.13 1.16 0.03 0.52 0.01 0.03 0.28 0.52

Fuels 1998 0.22 0.27 0.04 0.34 2.54 10.88 0.40 3.58 0.05 2.79 0.02 1.20 0.06 0.221999 0.33 0.16 0.07 0.37 2.82 10.55 0.46 5.16 0.04 3.28 0.03 1.60 0.07 0.192000 0.41 0.19 0.12 0.43 4.16 17.51 0.58 8.27 0.05 5.14 0.03 2.66 0.07 0.31


Manufactures 1998 51.38 34.66 13.29 2.52 294.12 207.16 45.01 31.72 8.99 2.91 9.33 1.70 39.45 61.701999 54.54 36.31 12.87 2.78 293.12 203.17 40.85 34.38 8.44 3.23 8.98 1.84 39.79 63.522000 56.03 39.51 12.48 2.85 278.40 180.70 44.09 36.41 7.80 3.01 9.31 2.23 44.19 71.03

Iron and steel 1998 1.22 0.14 0.44 0.16 11.07 10.22 1.37 1.73 0.31 0.16 0.37 0.01 0.82 0.341999 1.04 0.13 0.31 0.07 8.97 8.78 1.36 1.33 0.22 0.15 0.28 0.01 0.71 0.272000 1.24 0.18 0.32 0.11 9.22 8.53 1.20 1.55 0.21 0.18 0.31 0.01 0.73 0.29

Chemicals 1998 7.44 4.68 2.52 0.36 42.37 35.03 5.60 1.70 1.19 0.10 1.41 0.25 6.36 2.641999 8.07 4.66 2.41 0.32 41.61 36.74 5.32 1.61 1.10 0.13 1.41 0.38 6.99 2.482000 6.93 5.17 2.38 0.38 40.46 33.71 5.75 1.84 0.99 0.16 1.40 0.50 7.54 2.55


2000 3.28 1.67 1.05 0.26 27.34 21.15 5.43 4.97 0.64 0.12 0.67 0.16 2.72 3.87



2000 3.04 5.27 0.28 0.03 4.07 2.80 0.52 0.65 0.27 0.07 0.29 0.03 1.28 0.70





2000 16.60 1.78 2.14 0.69 56.60 27.39 6.38 7.80 1.47 0.47 2.15 0.01 6.75 4.10


2000 3.64 4.48 0.83 0.31 16.65 10.62 1.48 1.15 0.30 0.03 0.31 0.16 1.66 1.94

Textiles 1998 0.39 0.32 0.09 0.06 8.25 7.99 3.39 1.03 0.57 0.10 0.14 0.32 0.52 1.741999 0.41 0.31 0.09 0.06 7.19 7.14 3.14 1.02 0.50 0.08 0.13 0.28 0.51 1.622000 0.45 0.31 0.10 0.05 6.20 5.96 2.98 1.09 0.42 0.07 0.10 0.25 0.49 1.57

Clothing 1998 0.21 0.16 0.03 0.08 6.51 10.51 0.87 4.20 0.07 1.12 0.09 0.18 0.22 6.821999 0.20 0.13 0.02 0.07 6.46 9.29 0.74 3.99 0.05 1.01 0.08 0.17 0.20 6.782000 0.20 0.10 0.02 0.08 5.64 7.75 0.65 3.64 0.05 0.88 0.07 0.15 0.20 6.72


2000 4.76 4.94 0.99 0.27 28.33 19.04 4.23 4.70 0.65 0.40 0.81 0.22 4.01 11.55


Appe

ndix

tabl

es

203


Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Germany

(Billion dollars)




Food 1998 19.21 26.73 7.44 15.16 0.71 1.70 0.52 0.48 0.29 0.02 0.10 0.39 26.65 41.891999 18.72 25.59 6.67 13.72 0.72 1.43 0.52 0.51 0.26 0.02 0.12 0.36 25.39 39.312000 16.32 20.52 6.53 12.35 0.70 1.32 0.49 0.45 0.25 0.02 0.04 0.38 22.85 32.87

Raw materials 1998 3.09 5.53 1.94 4.47 0.16 0.64 0.26 0.10 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.25 5.03 10.001999 2.89 5.01 1.97 3.92 0.12 0.52 0.23 0.10 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.22 4.86 8.932000 2.73 4.44 2.19 4.24 0.15 0.61 0.22 0.09 0.05 0.08 0.22 0.22 4.92 8.68

Mining products 1998 10.56 14.94 7.75 27.94 0.96 0.83 1.11 0.88 0.19 0.10 0.11 0.30 18.31 42.881999 10.05 13.43 7.74 28.82 1.07 0.71 1.12 0.95 0.17 0.11 0.20 0.28 17.79 42.252000 11.58 19.80 9.70 41.16 1.39 0.83 1.30 1.11 0.28 0.14 0.25 0.32 21.28 60.96


2000 2.33 1.95 0.83 4.52 0.08 0.35 0.10 0.24 0.02 0.03 0.14 0.10 3.16 6.47

Fuels 1998 2.02 8.15 3.59 18.14 0.22 0.22 0.42 0.23 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.05 5.61 26.291999 2.25 7.34 3.40 19.97 0.33 0.13 0.48 0.22 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.06 5.65 27.312000 3.39 13.02 4.36 30.34 0.40 0.15 0.61 0.18 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.08 7.75 43.36


Manufactures 1998 256.63 180.62 211.44 163.23 47.48 33.11 21.60 16.27 9.53 22.84 5.42 12.08 468.07 343.851999 258.25 177.11 207.09 169.36 51.17 34.83 21.54 15.97 10.15 22.63 5.60 13.64 465.34 346.472000 242.87 156.15 215.85 180.94 52.44 37.76 20.69 15.00 11.13 23.94 7.14 15.81 458.71 337.09

Iron and steel 1998 9.78 9.49 6.03 3.31 1.02 0.11 0.63 0.38 0.03 0.09 0.16 0.09 15.81 12.801999 8.03 8.15 5.02 2.63 0.88 0.11 0.54 0.34 0.02 0.10 0.15 0.05 13.05 10.782000 8.17 7.88 5.22 2.99 1.06 0.16 0.58 0.35 0.03 0.10 0.17 0.05 13.39 10.86

Chemicals 1998 36.40 30.70 34.47 14.62 6.91 4.52 3.95 3.84 1.91 1.26 0.43 0.62 70.87 45.321999 35.64 32.78 35.23 13.95 7.46 4.50 4.04 3.52 2.12 1.24 0.50 0.58 70.87 46.732000 34.59 30.21 34.89 14.47 6.29 5.02 3.81 3.02 2.40 1.16 0.65 0.66 69.49 44.69


2000 23.64 18.19 17.96 14.17 2.99 1.54 2.40 1.90 0.48 0.83 0.49 1.31 41.60 32.36



2000 3.44 2.27 6.32 7.28 2.63 4.97 0.39 0.40 0.09 0.14 0.31 0.30 9.77 9.55





2000 51.02 26.29 41.15 15.95 16.12 1.74 2.40 0.36 3.91 3.38 0.49 0.06 92.17 42.24


2000 15.67 10.08 9.52 8.84 3.55 4.15 0.39 0.24 0.26 0.91 0.63 0.31 25.19 18.92

Textiles 1998 6.63 6.87 7.04 4.78 0.35 0.29 0.46 0.53 0.08 0.22 0.03 0.40 13.67 11.651999 5.86 6.06 6.42 4.46 0.38 0.28 0.42 0.50 0.07 0.21 0.04 0.37 12.28 10.522000 4.98 4.95 6.04 4.37 0.41 0.28 0.38 0.45 0.07 0.19 0.04 0.44 11.01 9.32

Clothing 1998 5.36 6.21 2.65 16.87 0.16 0.15 0.91 0.13 0.10 0.04 0.01 2.23 8.01 23.081999 5.35 5.37 2.42 16.07 0.16 0.12 0.90 0.14 0.08 0.03 0.01 2.29 7.77 21.442000 4.66 4.19 2.18 15.12 0.17 0.09 0.78 0.09 0.08 0.03 0.01 2.14 6.84 19.30


2000 23.54 15.11 20.77 26.17 4.49 4.76 3.52 2.89 1.23 3.11 0.41 4.49 44.31 41.28



b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.Note: For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.

Appe

ndix

tabl

es

204

Table A17

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Italy

(Billion dollars)

C./E. Europe/




Food 1998 1.56 0.93 0.22 1.91 11.46 17.39 0.68 0.53 0.55 0.99 0.34 0.08 0.72 0.911999 1.62 0.66 0.19 1.68 11.92 17.34 0.52 0.50 0.49 1.01 0.31 0.09 0.68 0.812000 1.75 0.71 0.20 1.68 10.49 15.25 0.52 0.45 0.51 0.89 0.26 0.08 0.68 0.84

Raw materials 1998 0.10 1.19 0.03 0.38 1.11 4.73 0.08 0.74 0.08 0.69 0.03 0.14 0.12 1.351999 0.10 1.09 0.02 0.39 1.15 4.64 0.08 0.64 0.07 0.60 0.03 0.11 0.18 1.192000 0.11 1.34 0.04 0.48 1.09 4.64 0.12 0.79 0.06 0.63 0.03 0.18 0.20 1.40

Mining products 1998 0.22 1.14 0.36 1.28 3.80 7.44 0.27 2.29 0.60 5.28 0.30 3.19 0.19 0.711999 0.26 1.01 0.26 1.35 3.93 6.92 0.25 3.50 0.53 5.74 0.30 3.74 0.26 0.632000 0.70 1.06 0.13 1.67 5.38 8.52 0.29 5.65 0.84 9.20 0.48 6.51 0.29 0.78


2000 0.06 0.23 0.01 0.56 0.51 1.76 0.06 0.29 0.04 0.26 0.04 0.03 0.09 0.33

Fuels 1998 0.11 0.44 0.31 0.20 1.44 1.72 0.09 1.41 0.49 4.83 0.16 3.07 0.04 0.331999 0.15 0.40 0.22 0.20 1.64 1.77 0.09 2.58 0.43 5.35 0.18 3.61 0.09 0.252000 0.52 0.46 0.08 0.38 2.90 2.56 0.11 4.18 0.75 8.77 0.36 6.37 0.10 0.29


Manufactures 1998 20.74 9.06 9.94 1.69 137.64 113.01 14.44 7.79 7.36 2.46 8.14 1.10 16.49 17.281999 21.72 9.14 8.14 1.68 135.37 116.39 12.94 8.20 6.92 2.27 7.12 1.05 15.75 18.172000 24.32 10.96 8.28 2.11 130.53 113.76 14.03 8.98 6.87 2.57 7.38 1.27 17.94 20.67

Iron and steel 1998 0.49 0.08 0.23 0.17 5.26 6.58 0.21 1.16 0.36 0.33 0.43 0.07 0.30 0.711999 0.33 0.06 0.18 0.22 4.40 5.46 0.26 1.04 0.26 0.24 0.25 0.01 0.21 0.342000 0.50 0.06 0.18 0.23 4.98 5.87 0.34 1.17 0.27 0.37 0.28 0.07 0.25 0.55

Chemicals 1998 1.74 1.59 0.63 0.17 13.78 23.06 0.98 0.73 0.70 0.28 0.73 0.47 1.63 1.421999 1.91 1.70 0.60 0.18 14.35 23.93 0.93 0.64 0.70 0.28 0.73 0.42 1.82 1.372000 2.45 2.22 0.68 0.18 14.88 23.21 1.09 0.80 0.70 0.35 0.77 0.47 1.92 1.51


2000 3.11 0.64 0.66 0.65 17.59 10.46 1.97 0.99 0.84 0.39 1.13 0.23 2.33 1.77



2000 0.57 0.71 0.19 0.01 1.73 0.96 0.14 0.12 0.18 0.01 0.27 0.01 0.23 0.15





2000 0.86 0.17 0.60 0.42 14.53 20.87 1.08 1.44 0.39 0.02 0.30 0.01 0.61 2.39


2000 1.94 1.89 0.98 0.29 5.38 3.82 0.11 0.07 0.37 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.30 1.21

Textiles 1998 0.85 0.14 0.31 0.04 8.59 4.34 1.16 0.44 0.60 0.15 0.29 0.12 1.24 1.371999 0.82 0.12 0.23 0.03 7.89 3.94 1.15 0.42 0.61 0.14 0.22 0.13 1.10 1.242000 0.91 0.11 0.25 0.03 7.33 3.77 1.36 0.51 0.58 0.17 0.21 0.14 1.32 1.39

Clothing 1998 1.71 0.05 0.23 0.04 9.51 2.14 1.04 1.19 0.24 0.75 0.39 0.02 1.63 1.641999 1.67 0.05 0.17 0.04 9.04 2.17 0.93 1.24 0.20 0.72 0.28 0.02 1.37 1.712000 1.80 0.04 0.17 0.03 8.24 1.98 1.08 1.35 0.22 0.71 0.27 0.02 1.43 1.94


2000 6.61 1.48 1.21 0.06 20.89 10.66 2.55 1.34 0.71 0.23 1.56 0.09 2.91 3.59


Appe

ndix

tabl

es

205


Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Italy

(Billion dollars)




Food 1998 10.33 16.81 5.22 5.96 1.33 0.74 0.67 0.17 0.43 0.00 0.01 0.11 15.55 22.771999 10.82 16.78 4.93 5.35 1.38 0.54 0.68 0.17 0.38 0.00 0.01 0.12 15.75 22.132000 9.43 14.80 5.00 5.13 1.49 0.58 0.64 0.15 0.37 0.01 0.01 0.16 14.43 19.93

Raw materials 1998 0.95 4.23 0.58 5.02 0.09 0.78 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.24 1.53 9.251999 0.99 4.15 0.65 4.53 0.09 0.68 0.07 0.16 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.28 1.64 8.682000 0.91 4.12 0.75 5.34 0.10 0.80 0.07 0.16 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.32 1.66 9.46

Mining products 1998 2.98 6.38 2.79 14.95 0.21 0.91 0.26 0.30 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.10 5.77 21.331999 3.11 5.64 2.69 17.27 0.23 0.78 0.26 0.32 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.09 5.80 22.912000 3.93 6.91 4.21 26.50 0.66 0.78 0.34 0.40 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.12 8.14 33.41


2000 0.41 1.42 0.41 2.05 0.06 0.09 0.01 0.13 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.82 3.47

Fuels 1998 0.95 1.35 1.72 10.66 0.10 0.40 0.15 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.06 2.67 12.011999 1.11 1.26 1.69 12.91 0.14 0.33 0.16 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 2.80 14.172000 1.78 1.90 3.06 21.13 0.50 0.39 0.24 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.05 4.84 23.03


Manufactures 1998 120.86 104.11 95.14 48.57 18.96 8.32 7.42 5.38 3.55 4.66 1.96 4.39 216.00 152.681999 120.67 107.64 87.79 49.61 19.98 8.51 7.04 5.31 3.26 5.39 1.88 4.82 208.46 157.252000 115.00 105.40 94.87 54.97 22.18 10.21 6.85 4.69 3.54 5.84 2.08 5.85 209.87 160.37

Iron and steel 1998 4.60 6.00 2.68 3.11 0.43 0.07 0.24 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 7.28 9.111999 3.88 5.02 2.00 2.36 0.30 0.06 0.23 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.04 5.88 7.382000 4.37 5.33 2.44 2.99 0.45 0.06 0.28 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.13 6.81 8.32

Chemicals 1998 11.56 20.81 8.62 6.98 1.61 1.54 1.25 1.91 0.35 0.47 0.17 0.29 20.18 27.791999 12.24 21.58 8.81 6.98 1.79 1.66 1.22 2.05 0.36 0.51 0.16 0.27 21.05 28.562000 12.78 21.31 9.71 7.45 2.32 2.17 1.07 1.61 0.38 0.57 0.18 0.30 22.49 28.76


2000 15.62 9.51 12.02 5.62 2.74 0.56 0.81 0.35 0.24 0.19 0.22 0.52 27.64 15.13



2000 1.58 0.87 1.73 1.11 0.50 0.65 0.07 0.05 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.05 3.31 1.98





2000 13.29 20.34 5.07 4.97 0.80 0.15 0.40 0.03 0.26 1.51 0.04 0.02 18.36 25.31


2000 4.79 3.62 4.82 3.73 1.63 1.81 0.26 0.08 0.08 0.74 0.05 0.11 9.61 7.35

Textiles 1998 7.71 3.63 5.32 2.97 0.73 0.14 0.29 0.22 0.35 0.16 0.10 0.31 13.03 6.601999 7.14 3.27 4.87 2.75 0.72 0.12 0.27 0.18 0.27 0.16 0.09 0.28 12.01 6.022000 6.55 3.09 5.41 3.03 0.81 0.11 0.24 0.17 0.30 0.15 0.10 0.35 11.96 6.12

Clothing 1998 8.30 1.69 6.44 4.16 1.60 0.05 0.71 0.07 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.67 14.74 5.851999 7.89 1.74 5.78 4.22 1.58 0.05 0.68 0.06 0.81 0.02 0.01 0.78 13.67 5.962000 7.13 1.55 6.09 4.52 1.70 0.04 0.64 0.06 0.79 0.02 0.01 0.91 13.22 6.07


2000 17.85 9.16 18.60 8.29 6.22 1.39 1.81 1.09 0.99 0.52 0.20 2.05 36.45 17.45




Appe

ndix

tabl

es

206

Table A18

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United Kingdom

(Billion dollars)

C./E. Europe/




Food 1998 1.57 1.98 0.93 2.29 11.33 19.99 0.51 0.24 0.59 2.04 0.82 0.33 1.77 2.811999 1.62 1.74 0.73 2.25 10.35 19.68 0.31 0.22 0.65 1.95 0.87 0.33 1.81 2.852000 1.56 1.79 0.67 2.04 9.48 18.10 0.31 0.24 0.62 1.61 0.79 0.29 1.85 2.74

Raw materials 1998 0.13 0.83 0.02 0.30 1.34 3.16 0.07 0.44 0.15 0.23 0.03 0.02 0.24 0.621999 0.06 0.73 0.01 0.29 0.78 3.06 0.05 0.48 0.11 0.18 0.01 0.02 0.26 0.572000 0.07 0.83 0.01 0.36 0.88 3.02 0.05 0.53 0.11 0.19 0.02 0.02 0.26 0.62

Mining products 1998 2.64 2.75 0.27 1.00 12.78 8.59 0.34 1.75 0.30 1.31 0.18 0.62 0.72 1.281999 4.17 1.86 0.22 1.00 13.38 9.10 0.26 1.57 0.19 1.60 0.17 0.55 1.14 1.092000 7.99 2.45 0.16 1.40 19.62 13.47 0.35 2.11 0.37 2.11 0.23 1.43 1.65 1.14


2000 0.22 1.11 0.01 0.22 1.15 1.17 0.03 0.27 0.03 0.25 0.02 0.06 0.37 0.36

Fuels 1998 1.90 0.54 0.22 0.36 8.81 4.67 0.19 0.61 0.22 0.75 0.04 0.51 0.08 0.321999 3.45 0.31 0.17 0.41 10.28 5.69 0.11 0.58 0.13 0.72 0.07 0.45 0.42 0.332000 6.78 0.37 0.09 0.64 15.93 9.42 0.16 1.26 0.27 1.44 0.15 1.32 0.49 0.32


Manufactures 1998 35.55 40.59 4.66 1.79 144.89 154.01 6.50 4.85 6.66 2.73 10.59 4.01 24.27 52.071999 35.13 35.28 3.47 1.88 136.00 152.75 5.61 4.88 5.61 2.97 7.69 3.70 22.38 53.812000 36.86 39.48 3.39 2.42 139.48 151.39 6.33 5.70 5.42 4.66 7.87 3.41 23.94 60.39

Iron and steel 1998 0.62 0.21 0.08 0.05 3.90 4.35 0.13 0.27 0.17 0.14 0.24 0.01 0.39 0.461999 0.49 0.22 0.07 0.05 2.91 3.30 0.11 0.17 0.13 0.13 0.18 0.00 0.32 0.282000 0.55 0.19 0.07 0.05 3.01 3.32 0.09 0.29 0.11 0.16 0.13 0.02 0.36 0.30

Chemicals 1998 4.82 3.63 1.17 0.18 23.24 22.92 1.16 0.47 1.16 0.20 1.47 0.22 3.83 2.331999 5.82 3.70 0.99 0.16 20.32 22.79 0.99 0.50 0.92 0.17 1.20 0.21 3.85 2.042000 6.01 4.23 0.88 0.15 20.90 23.25 1.06 0.47 0.81 0.17 1.10 0.26 3.84 2.17


2000 2.41 2.89 0.20 0.33 13.12 18.10 0.46 1.32 0.49 2.21 1.24 0.31 2.66 3.59



2000 4.01 2.85 0.17 0.08 4.26 2.24 0.12 0.09 0.28 0.13 0.78 0.54 1.94 1.46





2000 3.94 1.25 0.45 0.08 18.66 29.90 0.47 0.68 0.37 0.16 0.29 0.18 1.37 3.83


2000 0.69 0.89 0.24 0.08 6.37 4.83 0.08 0.08 0.13 0.02 0.11 0.03 0.33 1.16

Textiles 1998 0.45 0.53 0.07 0.02 3.63 5.48 0.33 0.13 0.24 0.15 0.17 0.14 0.54 1.861999 0.42 0.44 0.05 0.02 2.67 4.86 0.32 0.12 0.26 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.53 1.702000 0.39 0.41 0.05 0.03 2.50 4.37 0.35 0.15 0.26 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.51 1.71

Clothing 1998 0.30 0.22 0.02 0.03 3.51 4.83 0.14 0.57 0.30 0.79 0.28 0.34 0.37 5.201999 0.25 0.21 0.02 0.04 3.25 4.74 0.16 0.62 0.26 0.90 0.23 0.36 0.32 5.682000 0.23 0.21 0.02 0.04 2.86 4.24 0.20 0.72 0.27 1.02 0.22 0.32 0.32 6.44


2000 6.94 8.12 0.42 0.30 14.90 16.99 0.78 0.45 0.65 0.28 1.14 0.72 3.26 10.67


Appe

ndix

tabl

es

207


Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - United Kingdom

(Billion dollars)

Intra-EU Extra-EU United States Japan Hong Kong, China Switzerland World b



Food 1998 10.79 18.74 6.72 10.95 1.31 1.56 0.45 0.02 0.30 0.05 0.12 0.12 17.51 29.691999 9.84 18.51 6.56 10.51 1.41 1.33 0.41 0.03 0.25 0.04 0.12 0.11 16.40 29.022000 9.02 16.99 6.26 9.81 1.36 1.38 0.38 0.04 0.20 0.05 0.11 0.19 15.28 26.80

Raw materials 1998 1.16 3.06 0.81 2.54 0.12 0.55 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.97 5.601999 0.71 2.97 0.58 2.45 0.06 0.46 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 1.29 5.422000 0.79 2.94 0.59 2.75 0.06 0.51 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.38 5.69

Mining products 1998 12.28 4.86 4.96 12.44 2.47 1.97 0.21 0.20 0.07 0.05 0.12 0.35 17.24 17.301999 12.92 5.15 6.80 11.71 3.98 1.20 0.23 0.15 0.07 0.02 0.08 0.27 19.72 16.862000 19.03 6.46 11.43 17.67 7.54 1.60 0.34 0.18 0.07 0.03 0.10 0.27 30.46 24.13


2000 1.07 0.99 0.76 2.48 0.16 0.60 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10 1.83 3.47

Fuels 1998 8.58 1.80 2.86 5.96 1.80 0.44 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.44 7.761999 10.00 2.49 4.78 6.01 3.34 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.78 8.502000 15.55 3.16 8.37 11.61 6.42 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.92 14.77


Manufactures 1998 133.05 141.97 100.08 118.09 32.37 37.82 4.63 15.43 4.08 7.53 4.69 7.87 233.13 260.061999 126.53 140.19 98.46 124.49 31.72 32.08 4.51 14.98 3.32 8.18 4.14 8.48 224.99 264.682000 129.27 139.46 100.30 135.38 32.87 35.50 4.63 15.38 3.58 9.16 4.42 7.83 229.57 274.84

Iron and steel 1998 3.50 4.01 2.05 1.49 0.54 0.18 0.04 0.19 0.05 0.00 0.11 0.04 5.55 5.501999 2.68 2.99 1.53 1.18 0.43 0.20 0.02 0.09 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.05 4.21 4.172000 2.79 3.03 1.53 1.29 0.48 0.17 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.06 4.32 4.32

Chemicals 1998 21.50 21.29 15.35 8.67 4.34 3.47 0.97 0.68 0.35 0.05 0.80 1.23 36.85 29.961999 18.94 21.16 15.70 8.91 5.40 3.56 1.07 0.64 0.30 0.06 0.58 1.27 34.64 30.072000 19.53 21.65 15.42 9.24 5.56 4.08 1.02 0.67 0.29 0.07 0.57 1.23 34.95 30.89


2000 11.90 13.83 8.68 14.91 2.17 2.15 0.26 0.56 0.27 0.44 0.79 3.70 20.58 28.74



2000 3.86 1.95 7.71 5.43 3.51 2.49 0.22 0.56 0.75 0.23 0.20 0.17 11.57 7.38





2000 17.79 29.73 7.77 6.35 3.76 1.11 0.45 3.04 0.13 0.01 0.28 0.05 25.56 36.08


2000 5.94 4.77 7.77 9.41 0.65 0.82 0.04 0.67 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.02 13.71 14.18

Textiles 1998 3.40 4.97 2.03 3.34 0.40 0.51 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.11 5.43 8.311999 2.50 4.41 1.98 3.00 0.38 0.42 0.07 0.10 0.14 0.10 0.04 0.09 4.48 7.412000 2.34 3.91 1.87 3.01 0.36 0.39 0.08 0.08 0.13 0.10 0.04 0.07 4.21 6.92

Clothing 1998 3.27 4.14 1.65 7.84 0.27 0.19 0.17 0.03 0.07 1.93 0.08 0.06 4.92 11.981999 3.04 3.91 1.45 8.62 0.23 0.18 0.13 0.03 0.06 2.09 0.07 0.06 4.49 12.532000 2.66 3.23 1.45 9.76 0.21 0.17 0.12 0.04 0.06 2.27 0.06 0.06 4.11 12.99


2000 13.11 15.03 14.98 22.51 6.49 7.59 0.90 1.49 0.47 2.87 1.14 1.44 28.09 37.54




Appe

ndix

tabl

es

208

Table A19

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Japan

(Billion dollars)

C./E. Europe/




Food 1998 0.40 16.18 0.02 3.73 0.11 5.09 0.01 1.10 0.02 1.06 0.03 0.10 1.45 17.211999 0.47 16.90 0.03 3.52 0.11 5.56 0.01 1.34 0.01 1.08 0.03 0.10 1.51 18.472000 0.46 17.53 0.02 3.45 0.12 5.65 0.01 1.44 0.02 1.05 0.03 0.10 1.52 19.36

Raw materials 1998 0.19 5.17 0.03 0.79 0.35 0.86 0.01 0.48 0.03 0.34 0.05 0.02 1.38 4.451999 0.20 5.21 0.03 0.82 0.36 1.13 0.01 0.68 0.04 0.31 0.04 0.03 1.36 4.612000 0.21 5.56 0.03 0.90 0.34 1.22 0.01 0.65 0.04 0.35 0.03 0.03 1.57 4.90

Mining products 1998 0.89 4.17 0.07 3.26 0.37 1.29 0.04 1.51 0.01 1.93 0.08 24.23 4.52 23.631999 0.86 3.69 0.06 3.54 0.37 1.45 0.02 1.84 0.02 2.21 0.09 28.98 4.88 25.112000 1.06 3.94 0.07 4.10 0.49 1.61 0.03 2.60 0.02 2.93 0.07 47.85 5.70 35.36


2000 0.05 1.19 0.00 2.48 0.10 0.29 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.12 0.91 5.71

Fuels 1998 0.27 2.05 0.04 0.24 0.05 0.15 0.03 0.23 0.00 0.43 0.01 23.82 0.83 16.361999 0.31 1.75 0.03 0.43 0.03 0.23 0.02 0.21 0.00 0.58 0.01 28.68 0.83 17.992000 0.40 1.77 0.04 0.47 0.04 0.11 0.01 0.27 0.00 0.69 0.00 47.48 1.03 26.63


Manufactures 1998 120.19 48.25 13.64 1.14 73.99 35.40 2.29 0.62 4.66 0.51 12.36 1.10 132.01 71.711999 130.56 47.91 11.17 1.33 75.98 38.71 1.94 0.67 4.38 0.42 9.85 1.19 152.11 87.412000 144.28 52.54 12.88 2.08 79.09 42.30 2.42 0.95 4.03 0.59 9.61 1.24 190.62 112.97

Iron and steel 1998 3.55 0.17 0.67 0.18 0.94 0.23 0.07 0.12 0.31 0.33 0.73 0.00 8.60 2.171999 1.75 0.15 0.51 0.14 0.61 0.20 0.09 0.14 0.22 0.25 0.63 0.01 9.64 2.062000 1.64 0.20 0.65 0.16 0.62 0.25 0.07 0.15 0.22 0.30 0.53 0.01 11.10 2.60

Chemicals 1998 6.15 6.56 0.53 0.36 5.26 8.81 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.23 0.41 14.86 4.231999 6.60 6.81 0.51 0.33 5.42 10.49 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.04 0.22 0.42 17.77 4.592000 7.28 7.82 0.54 0.35 5.50 11.15 0.08 0.13 0.15 0.05 0.21 0.48 21.40 6.05


2000 5.43 3.07 0.69 0.10 2.91 2.58 0.17 0.08 0.32 0.04 0.60 0.37 9.86 9.08



2000 1.93 2.60 0.40 0.01 0.89 0.60 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.22 0.00 2.91 1.24





2000 47.16 2.31 3.90 0.29 14.65 6.02 0.71 0.15 1.87 0.12 4.66 0.00 15.13 1.07


2000 7.53 2.98 0.97 0.04 5.51 0.80 0.09 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.35 0.00 4.89 1.05

Textiles 1998 0.59 0.34 0.07 0.04 0.74 0.82 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.37 0.03 4.16 3.111999 0.60 0.32 0.06 0.03 0.73 0.73 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.29 0.04 4.87 3.402000 0.62 0.35 0.06 0.03 0.67 0.73 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.27 0.04 5.35 3.75

Clothing 1998 0.08 0.54 0.00 0.06 0.11 1.84 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.20 12.231999 0.08 0.51 0.00 0.06 0.12 1.62 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.25 14.162000 0.10 0.50 0.00 0.07 0.12 1.52 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.31 17.57


2000 13.04 10.12 0.75 0.20 7.70 8.65 0.14 0.08 0.18 0.02 0.50 0.11 20.19 17.75


Appe

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es

209


Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Japan

(Billion dollars)

United States EU (15) China Taipei, Chinese Korea, Rep of Hong Kong, China World b



Food 1998 0.37 13.76 0.10 4.35 0.10 4.68 0.39 0.87 0.09 1.65 0.38 0.09 2.05 44.461999 0.44 14.34 0.10 4.59 0.10 5.33 0.43 1.01 0.20 1.94 0.38 0.06 2.17 46.962000 0.42 14.86 0.11 4.75 0.14 5.95 0.36 1.00 0.26 1.73 0.40 0.05 2.17 48.58

Raw materials 1998 0.18 3.24 0.33 0.83 0.43 0.77 0.20 0.22 0.17 0.18 0.13 0.00 2.04 12.121999 0.19 3.02 0.34 1.10 0.40 0.90 0.17 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.11 0.00 2.05 12.792000 0.20 2.99 0.32 1.19 0.49 1.07 0.16 0.23 0.27 0.20 0.12 0.00 2.22 13.61

Mining products 1998 0.87 2.33 0.35 0.99 0.86 2.34 1.02 0.27 0.80 1.35 0.66 0.04 5.99 60.021999 0.85 2.15 0.35 1.07 1.03 2.22 1.05 0.23 1.01 2.15 0.45 0.04 6.30 66.812000 1.03 2.45 0.46 1.26 1.18 3.26 1.08 0.31 1.30 3.68 0.53 0.04 7.44 98.39


2000 0.04 0.73 0.09 0.25 0.33 0.49 0.12 0.14 0.36 0.10 0.02 0.03 1.06 10.30

Fuels 1998 0.26 1.01 0.05 0.05 0.24 1.52 0.10 0.01 0.12 1.12 0.13 0.00 1.24 43.271999 0.31 0.94 0.03 0.10 0.20 1.38 0.12 0.01 0.19 1.96 0.09 0.00 1.23 49.892000 0.39 1.13 0.04 0.05 0.22 2.18 0.07 0.03 0.27 3.42 0.13 0.00 1.52 77.43


Manufactures 1998 113.99 46.75 68.90 32.20 18.31 29.11 23.12 8.41 13.87 8.63 20.47 1.39 365.56 158.731999 123.77 46.24 71.57 35.30 21.21 34.11 26.19 10.93 20.86 11.55 20.19 1.44 393.14 177.672000 136.80 50.54 74.83 38.79 27.78 44.37 33.01 15.81 27.81 14.51 25.05 1.36 449.69 212.67

Iron and steel 1998 3.22 0.16 0.62 0.19 1.51 0.43 1.42 0.35 1.17 1.14 1.05 0.00 14.87 3.201999 1.56 0.14 0.43 0.17 1.53 0.38 1.35 0.37 1.92 1.08 0.91 0.00 13.46 2.952000 1.42 0.19 0.46 0.22 2.13 0.62 1.38 0.43 2.50 1.27 0.96 0.00 14.83 3.66

Chemicals 1998 6.02 6.29 4.91 7.72 2.32 1.26 3.48 0.59 2.66 0.83 1.93 0.02 27.24 20.571999 6.44 6.51 5.04 9.31 3.00 1.31 3.99 0.63 3.50 0.87 2.08 0.02 30.72 22.782000 7.11 7.48 5.14 10.05 3.98 1.60 4.91 0.95 4.21 1.16 2.35 0.02 35.16 26.04


2000 5.11 2.65 2.71 2.48 1.58 2.78 1.57 0.62 1.15 0.98 1.33 0.14 19.96 15.31



2000 1.82 2.57 0.85 0.54 0.51 0.69 0.27 0.07 0.39 0.07 0.19 0.00 6.42 4.45





2000 43.92 2.16 13.18 6.02 1.31 0.20 1.30 0.21 0.66 0.14 0.91 0.00 88.08 9.96


2000 6.87 2.87 4.98 0.78 0.30 0.45 0.59 0.28 0.26 0.08 0.66 0.02 26.43 4.87

Textiles 1998 0.55 0.33 0.69 0.77 1.79 1.54 0.35 0.26 0.29 0.34 0.78 0.01 5.97 4.361999 0.56 0.32 0.69 0.69 2.26 1.73 0.33 0.26 0.37 0.39 0.84 0.01 6.60 4.552000 0.58 0.35 0.62 0.69 2.58 2.04 0.33 0.28 0.41 0.40 0.89 0.01 7.02 4.94

Clothing 1998 0.08 0.51 0.11 1.80 0.05 9.55 0.07 0.16 0.01 0.91 0.03 0.15 0.41 14.721999 0.08 0.49 0.11 1.59 0.05 11.43 0.10 0.14 0.02 1.03 0.05 0.10 0.46 16.402000 0.09 0.47 0.11 1.48 0.05 14.71 0.12 0.11 0.05 0.95 0.06 0.10 0.53 19.71


2000 12.57 9.77 7.40 7.12 2.11 9.63 5.47 2.01 3.55 1.66 3.55 0.37 42.51 36.94




Appe

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210

Table A20

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Singapore

(Billion dollars)

C./E. Europe/




Food 1998 0.21 0.71 0.02 0.13 0.31 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.12 0.07 0.14 0.02 2.85 2.601999 0.20 0.62 0.03 0.14 0.28 0.89 0.03 0.00 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.04 2.42 2.632000 0.20 0.51 0.02 0.14 0.22 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.10 0.16 0.14 0.03 2.38 2.56

Raw materials 1998 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.16 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.43 0.431999 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.40 0.432000 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.13 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.38 0.43

Mining products 1998 0.29 0.22 0.54 0.17 0.56 0.24 0.01 0.02 0.22 0.12 0.17 5.96 7.82 3.191999 0.41 0.34 0.64 0.13 0.57 0.38 0.01 0.08 0.27 0.29 0.25 7.18 8.39 3.382000 0.39 0.50 1.07 0.20 0.91 0.71 0.02 0.29 0.33 0.29 0.42 10.49 11.85 5.91


2000 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.37

Fuels 1998 0.23 0.13 0.54 0.04 0.52 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.22 0.07 0.16 5.94 6.54 1.921999 0.35 0.24 0.64 0.02 0.54 0.19 0.01 0.03 0.26 0.26 0.23 7.14 7.05 2.202000 0.35 0.34 1.07 0.15 0.87 0.46 0.02 0.22 0.32 0.24 0.40 10.45 10.41 4.41


Manufactures 1998 21.50 17.79 1.19 0.70 17.12 14.17 0.47 0.36 0.97 0.12 1.75 0.60 49.80 51.021999 21.56 17.80 1.19 0.77 17.10 14.69 0.33 0.51 0.94 0.15 1.36 0.61 55.99 57.862000 23.68 19.38 1.38 0.61 18.41 16.27 0.37 0.50 1.17 0.31 1.61 0.72 71.12 72.34

Iron and steel 1998 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.46 0.00 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.47 1.211999 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.32 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.43 1.052000 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.34 0.00 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.48 1.11

Chemicals 1998 0.47 1.77 0.08 0.02 0.99 1.99 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.04 0.13 0.28 5.34 2.061999 0.76 1.72 0.11 0.03 1.96 2.23 0.02 0.01 0.10 0.04 0.14 0.22 5.99 2.392000 0.60 2.19 0.11 0.05 1.54 2.19 0.01 0.01 0.11 0.05 0.17 0.27 7.09 2.96


2000 0.21 0.56 0.03 0.06 0.25 1.06 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.07 1.94 3.03



2000 0.07 0.38 0.02 0.00 0.10 0.34 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.88 1.12





2000 0.06 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.55 1.50


2000 0.30 1.07 0.02 0.00 0.21 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.96 1.16

Textiles 1998 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.71 0.851999 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.72 0.922000 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.77 1.05

Clothing 1998 0.81 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.40 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.17 1.261999 0.92 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.46 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.19 1.532000 1.10 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.50 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.20 1.73


2000 1.24 2.92 0.10 0.04 0.89 1.84 0.03 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.25 0.07 6.78 5.81


Appe

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211


Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 1998-00 - Singapore

(Billion dollars)

Malaysia United States Japan EU (15) Hong Kong, China Taipei, Chinese World b



Food 1998 0.47 0.97 0.19 0.68 0.50 0.10 0.28 0.86 0.22 0.11 0.09 0.07 3.73 4.441999 0.43 0.97 0.19 0.60 0.51 0.11 0.28 0.81 0.22 0.05 0.06 0.05 3.22 4.442000 0.39 0.94 0.18 0.49 0.49 0.13 0.22 0.89 0.21 0.05 0.08 0.05 3.10 4.37

Raw materials 1998 0.09 0.21 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.16 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.75 0.551999 0.10 0.18 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.64 0.542000 0.11 0.19 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.63 0.54

Mining products 1998 1.56 0.74 0.27 0.20 0.48 0.31 0.44 0.23 2.11 0.02 0.32 0.26 9.61 9.921999 1.65 0.71 0.38 0.31 0.65 0.32 0.43 0.37 2.07 0.03 0.32 0.14 10.54 11.782000 2.72 1.28 0.37 0.46 0.87 0.36 0.66 0.65 2.49 0.03 0.55 0.19 14.99 18.39


2000 0.07 0.28 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.46

Fuels 1998 1.23 0.46 0.21 0.13 0.36 0.04 0.40 0.07 2.01 0.00 0.19 0.16 8.21 8.171999 1.26 0.40 0.33 0.24 0.51 0.07 0.41 0.19 1.99 0.01 0.22 0.06 9.10 10.082000 2.36 0.78 0.32 0.34 0.72 0.07 0.63 0.40 2.38 0.01 0.44 0.10 13.44 16.27


Manufactures 1998 14.38 13.77 20.98 17.39 5.91 16.26 16.31 12.66 6.70 2.66 4.24 3.68 92.93 85.251999 16.57 15.39 21.16 17.46 7.08 17.73 16.43 12.49 6.39 3.03 5.10 4.22 98.54 92.412000 21.65 20.47 23.19 18.99 8.85 22.36 17.17 13.37 7.99 3.41 7.53 5.71 118.04 110.14

Iron and steel 1998 0.21 0.15 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.67 0.02 0.30 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.56 1.941999 0.22 0.14 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.57 0.01 0.21 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.50 1.622000 0.24 0.12 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.62 0.01 0.23 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.55 1.72

Chemicals 1998 1.23 0.35 0.46 1.74 0.36 0.88 0.94 1.72 0.58 0.05 0.58 0.26 7.11 6.171999 1.28 0.43 0.73 1.68 0.47 1.03 1.93 1.87 0.58 0.06 0.54 0.22 9.07 6.632000 1.40 0.58 0.57 2.16 0.50 1.25 1.51 1.94 0.68 0.09 0.76 0.27 9.62 7.74


2000 0.79 0.84 0.19 0.52 0.09 0.87 0.24 1.01 0.21 0.13 0.09 0.20 2.55 4.83



2000 0.29 0.21 0.07 0.35 0.14 0.32 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.03 0.05 0.04 1.10 1.85





2000 0.14 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.02 1.21 0.02 0.75 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.68 2.43


2000 0.19 0.14 0.29 1.05 0.15 0.65 0.19 0.53 0.09 0.02 0.10 0.02 2.05 2.81

Textiles 1998 0.30 0.17 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.09 0.03 0.11 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.17 0.86 1.051999 0.31 0.17 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.10 0.02 0.11 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.17 0.85 1.122000 0.32 0.21 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.10 0.03 0.12 0.04 0.09 0.06 0.20 0.91 1.28

Clothing 1998 0.05 0.67 0.77 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.39 0.10 0.01 0.21 0.01 0.02 1.43 1.411999 0.06 0.67 0.87 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.45 0.08 0.01 0.27 0.01 0.02 1.60 1.652000 0.08 0.75 1.04 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.50 0.10 0.01 0.31 0.01 0.02 1.83 1.89


2000 1.30 1.49 1.22 2.89 2.04 2.13 0.81 1.32 0.64 0.57 0.34 0.36 9.39 10.71




Appe

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212

Table A21

Export prices of primary commodities, 1990-01

(Indices 1990=100)

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2000 2001

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

Food, beverages and tobacco 99 98 97 111 118 125 122 106 89 85 88 86 82 85 86 83

Food 99 101 100 105 114 128 114 100 84 84 84 84 80 86 86 84

Cereals 98 105 98 105 123 148 114 96 84 82 83 81 77 87 88 85

Wheat 95 112 104 111 131 153 118 93 83 84 79 81 82 94 96 96

Maize 98 95 93 99 113 151 107 93 83 81 86 84 70 82 85 78

Rice 109 99 88 100 119 125 112 113 92 75 89 76 69 68 67 61

Vegetable oils and protein meals 101 105 106 115 124 137 137 123 94 92 94 94 88 91 86 82

Meat 101 96 102 93 77 76 79 71 75 78 80 79 75 77 81 83

Beef 104 96 102 91 74 70 72 67 72 76 77 77 73 75 76 79

Lamb 87 95 103 104 94 120 124 96 96 93 103 89 86 95 107 107

Sugar 89 83 88 99 108 101 95 81 67 74 60 69 83 83 81 76

Bananas 104 88 82 81 81 87 90 91 79 80 91 80 66 73 109 109

Beverages 93 81 86 150 151 125 165 140 110 92 103 95 89 82 81 77

Coffee 94 73 83 180 184 139 192 150 116 91 109 96 84 74 70 69

Cocoa beans 94 87 88 110 113 115 128 132 90 71 71 73 72 70 86 82

Tea 91 98 91 90 81 87 117 117 114 122 117 122 126 123 113 98

Tobacco 106 101 80 88 78 90 104 98 91 88 90 89 87 87 87 89

Agricultural raw materials 96 99 117 129 135 130 120 99 102 104 107 107 102 99 99 106

Timber 105 117 155 157 148 151 141 121 134 132 140 138 127 121 123 136

Cotton 93 70 70 97 119 98 96 79 64 72 64 72 73 77 72 60

Wool 71 68 58 83 93 84 84 61 60 62 64 62 62 58 57 58

Rubber 96 100 96 130 183 162 118 84 74 80 81 83 79 77 73 73

Hides and skins 86 82 87 94 96 95 96 83 78 87 83 84 88 92 95 109

Jute 90 68 66 72 90 111 74 64 68 68 73 70 64 64 72 83

Sisal 94 71 86 85 99 121 109 115 97 82 77 89 91 93 101 102

Minerals and non-ferrous metals (excluding crude petroleum) 87 84 72 84 100 89 92 78 77 86 88 84 87 84 84 81

Copper 88 86 72 87 110 86 86 62 59 68 68 65 70 69 66 62

Aluminum 80 77 70 90 110 92 98 83 83 95 100 90 96 92 96 92

Iron ore 108 103 91 83 88 93 98 101 90 94 94 94 94 94 98 98

Tin 91 100 85 90 102 101 93 91 89 89 94 89 88 86 84 81

Nickel 92 79 60 71 93 85 78 52 68 97 106 106 93 84 74 76

Zinc 74 82 64 66 68 68 87 68 71 74 74 75 78 71 67 62

Lead 69 67 50 68 78 96 77 65 62 56 56 52 58 58 61 57

Fertilizers 103 98 83 90 99 113 114 117 112 107 107 107 108 106 104 106

Total of above 94 94 96 109 118 117 113 96 90 91 94 92 89 89 89 89

Crude petroleum 84 83 73 69 75 89 84 57 78 123 116 117 130 129 117 116

All primary commodities 90 91 90 98 106 109 105 86 87 100 100 99 100 100 97 97

Note: The indices are period averages based on dollar prices. The quarterly figures are not seasonally adjusted. For sources and methods, see the Technical Notes.

213

This Note details the definitions, methods and sources of thestatistics used in International Trade Statistics 2001.

I. Composition of country groups

1. Regions

North America: Canada, United States of America, andterritories in North America n.e.s.

Latin America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas,Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico,Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, SaintKitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and othercountries and territories in Latin America n.e.s.

Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Bosnia andHerzegovina, Croatia, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,Slovenia, Yugoslavia (the last five countries mentioned comprisethe former Yugoslavia), and territories in Western Europe n.e.s.

Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and theCommonwealth of Independent States (transition economies), ofwhich Central and Eastern Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, CzechRepublic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Slovak Republic; theBaltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; and theCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS): Armenia,Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, The Kyrgyz Republic,Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan,Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The grouping formerUSSR refers to the Baltic States and the CIS.

Africa, of which North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libyan ArabJamahiriya, Morocco and Tunisia; and Sub-Saharan Africacomprising: Western Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde,Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia,Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo;Central Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic,Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and Sao Tome and Principe; EasternAfrica: Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar,Mauritius, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, United Republic ofTanzania and Uganda; and Southern Africa: Angola, Botswana,Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland,Zambia, Zimbabwe and territories in Africa n.e.s.

The Middle East: Bahrain, Cyprus, Iraq, Islamic Republic ofIran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and othercountries and territories in the Middle East n.e.s.

Asia, of which West Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan,India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; and East Asia(including Oceania): Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia;China; Fiji; Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China(Hong Kong, China); Indonesia; Japan; Kiribati; Lao People’sDemocratic Republic; Macau, China; Malaysia; Mongolia;Myanmar; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Philippines;Republic of Korea; Samoa; Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan,Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Taipei, Chinese); Singapore;

Solomon Islands; Thailand; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Viet Nam andother countries and territories in Asia and the Pacific n.e.s.

2. Regional integration agreementsANDEAN: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.APEC: Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; China;

Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea;Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru;Philippines; Russian Federation; Singapore; Taipei, Chinese;Thailand; United States of America and Viet Nam.

ASEAN: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, LaoPeople’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.

CEFTA: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Sloveniaand the Slovak Republic.

EUROPEAN UNION: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

MERCOSUR: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.NAFTA: Canada, Mexico and the United States of America.SAPTA: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan

and Sri Lanka.

3. Other country groupsLeast-developed countries: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh,

Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde,Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic ofthe Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People’sDemocratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi,Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger,Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone,Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, UnitedRepublic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia.

Six East Asian traders: Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; Republicof Korea; Singapore; Taipei, Chinese and Thailand.

The designations used in this report do not imply anexpression of opinion by the Secretariat concerning either thestatus of any country, territory or area, or the delimitation of itsfrontiers.

4. Political boundariesChanges in political boundaries since 1991 involving the

former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, the former Yugoslaviaand the former USSR are reflected in this report, as far asavailable statistics permit. This means that, beginning with 1992,data for these former entities are no longer given. Thisinformation is replaced with data for their successor states. Inthe case of the successor states to the former Czech and SlovakFederal Republic and the former Yugoslavia, the statistics includetheir mutual trade. In the case of the successor states of theformer USSR, the absence of detailed merchandise tradestatistics for most of them has ruled out the inclusion of theirmutual trade at the disaggregated product level, as well as, forcomparability reason, at the aggregate level. However, recentimprovements in data collection have meant that mutual tradebetween the successor states of the former USSR has beenincluded systematically in the tables, starting with data for 1996.The effects on the continuity of the data series are explained inSection III.2 below. Te

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II. DEFINITIONS AND METHODS

II.1 Merchandise trade

1. Exports and imports

Two systems of recording merchandise exports and importsare in common use. They are referred to as general trade andspecial trade and differ mainly in the way warehoused and re-exported goods are treated. General trade figures are larger thanthe corresponding special trade figures because the latterexclude certain trade flows, such as goods shipped throughbonded warehouses.

Unless otherwise noted, total merchandise trade is defined inthis report according to the general trade definition. It covers alltypes of inward and outward movement of goods through acountry or territory including movements through customswarehouses and free zones. For further explanations, see UnitedNations International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions,Series M, No 52, Revision 2.

Unless otherwise indicated, exports are valued at transactionvalue, including the cost of transportation and insurance to bringthe merchandise to the frontier of the exporting country orterritory (f.o.b. valuation). Imports are valued at transaction valueplus the cost of transportation and insurance to the frontier ofthe importing country or territory (c.i.f. valuation).

2. ProductsAll product groups are defined according to Revision 3 of the

Standard International Trade Classification (SITC).The following groupings are used in this report:

A. Primary products(i) Agricultural products- Food: food and live animals; beverages and tobacco; animal

and vegetable oils, fats and waxes; oilseeds and oleaginous fruit(SITC sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22).

- Raw materials: hides, skins and furskins, raw; crude rubber(including synthetic and reclaimed); cork and wood; pulp andwaste paper; textile fibres and their wastes; crude animal andvegetable materials, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29).

(ii) Mining products- Ores and other minerals: crude fertilizers (other than those

classified in chemicals) and crude minerals; metalliferous oresand metal scrap (SITC divisions 27, 28).

- Fuels: (SITC section 3).- Non-ferrous metals: (SITC division 68).

B. Manufactures: (SITC sections 5, 6, 7, 8 minus division 68 andgroup 891)

(i) Iron and steel: (SITC division 67).(ii) Chemicals: organic chemicals (SITC division 51); plastics

(SITC divisions 57, 58); inorganic chemicals (SITC division52); pharmaceuticals (SITC division 54); other chemicals(SITC divisions 53, 55, 56, 59).

(iii) Other semi-manufactures: leather, leather manufactures,n.e.s., and dressed furskins; rubber manufactures, n.e.s.;cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture);paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper orof paperboard; non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.;manufactures of metals, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 61, 62, 63,64, 66, 69).

(iv) Machinery and transport equipment: power generatingmachinery; other non-electrical machinery; officemachines and telecommunications equipment; electrical

machinery and apparatus; automotive products; othertransport equipment (SITC section 7).- Power generating machinery: power generatingmachinery and equipment minus internal combustionpiston engines, and parts thereof, n.e.s. (SITC division 71minus group 713).- Other non-electrical machinery: machinery specializedfor particular industries; metalworking machinery;general industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., andmachine parts, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 72, 73, 74).- Office machines and telecommunications equipment:office machines and automatic data processingmachines; telecommunications and sound recording andreproducing apparatus and equipment; thermionic, coldcathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes (SITCdivisions 75, 76 and group 776).- Electrical machinery and apparatus: electricalmachinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., andelectrical parts thereof; minus thermionic, cold cathodeor photo-cathode valves and tubes; minus electricalequipment, n.e.s., for internal combustion engines andvehicles, and parts thereof (SITC division 77 minus group776 and subgroup 7783).- Automotive products: motor cars and other motorvehicles principally designed for the transport of persons(other than public transport type vehicles) includingstation wagons and racing cars; motor vehicles for thetransport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles;road motor vehicles, n.e.s.; parts and accessories ofmotor vehicles and tractors; internal combustion pistonengines for vehicles listed above; electrical equipment,n.e.s., for internal combustion engines and vehicles, andparts thereof (SITC groups 781, 782, 783, 784, andsubgroups 7132, 7783).- Other transport equipment: other transport equipment(railway vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, ships and boats,and associated parts and equipment); motorcycles andcycles, motorized and non-motorized; trailers and semi-trailers, other vehicles (not mechanically propelled), andspecially designed and equipped transport containers;internal combustion piston engines for aircraft, and partsthereof, n.e.s.; internal combustion piston engines,marine propulsion; internal combustion piston engines,n.e.s.; parts, n.e.s., for internal combustion pistonengines listed above (SITC division 79, groups 785, 786,and subgroups 7131, 7133, 7138, 7139).

(v) Textiles: (SITC division 65).(vi) Clothing: (SITC division 84).(vii) Other consumer goods: household articles, travel goods,

footwear, instruments and apparatus, photography,optical goods, watches and clocks, and othermanufactured articles, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 81, 82, 83,85, 87, 88, 89 excluding group 891, arms andammunition). Of which furniture (SITC division 82), travelgoods (SITC division 83), footwear (SITC division 85),and toys and games (SITC group 894).

C. Other products: commodities and transactions not classifiedelsewhere (including gold); arms and ammunition (SITC section 9and group 891).

3. CoverageTrade flowing through processing zones is not systematically

recorded in national trade statistics and can result in significantunder-recording of trade in certain goods. For example, theexclusion of these flows from the statistics for Central AmericanTe

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and Caribbean countries has resulted in under-recording of theirtrade in clothing. When included, practices for classifying thegoods involved also differ between countries. In recent years,however, improvements in data collection have resulted in theinclusion of processing trade for a number of countries includingCosta Rica, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Mexico, Moroccoand the Ukraine. In all but one of these countries, this hasresulted in breaks in the continuity of the data series. In the caseof Mexico, trade flows through the special manufacturing zoneknown as the “maquiladoras” were previously excluded fromofficial trade statistics, but reported separately by the Banco deMéxico. The Secretariat included these flows in Mexico’s exportsand imports given their magnitude (ranging from 29 to 40% ofcombined trade during the 1990-2000 period). These shipmentshave been included in Mexico’s official trade statistics since 1992.

4. World trade networkThe world merchandise trade network by region and product

from which Appendix tables A2/A3 and A9/A10 are derived isbased on export data. The network is constructed in thefollowing way:

First, total merchandise exports from each of the sevenregions are aggregated from country figures published by theInternational Monetary Fund in International Financial Statistics,other international organizations, and national statisticalauthorities. They are supplemented by Secretariat estimates (seeAppendix table A5).

Next, the total merchandise exports of each region aredistributed by destination and then by product. The regional andcommodity breakdown is based on OECD, Monthly Statistics ofForeign Trade; UNSD, Comtrade database, International TradeStatistics Yearbook, and Monthly Bulletin of Statistics; nationalstatistics and Secretariat estimates.

During this process, the principal adjustments to the figuresare as follows:

(i) Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panamaand Liberia are re-allocated from each region’s exportsto Latin America and Africa to “unspecified destinations”(a category not shown separately).

(ii) Re-exports of Hong Kong, China are excluded. This isbecause the magnitude of Hong Kong, China’s re-exports(9.8% of Asian total merchandise exports in 2000)would introduce a significant element of doublecounting into the trade of the Asian region since a largeproportion of Hong Kong, China’s re-exports are goodsof Chinese origin or have China as final destination.

(iii) China’s exports are adjusted to approximate their finaldestination.

(iv) Exports of military goods and non-monetary gold, whereknown, are included. When they cannot be broken downby destination, they are allocated to “unspecifieddestinations”.

5. Merchandise trade of selected major traders byproduct, region and major trading partner (Appendixtables A11 to A20)

These tables are derived from the UNSD Comtrade database.The figures in the tables for total merchandise trade are notnecessarily the same as those in Appendix tables A5 and A6 (seeSection III.1 below). For trade by product, world totals includeshipments which have not been distinguished by origin ordestination. For trade by region and partner, world totals includegoods which have not been specified by product. The followingadjustments have been made to the figures:

(i) Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panamaand Liberia are re-allocated from each economy’s exports

to Latin America and Africa to “unspecified destinations”(a category not shown separately).

(ii) Merchandise trade of the European Union (Appendixtables A14 to A18)- part of Belgian imports included in “other products”are re-allocated to “automotive products”;- French trade in military goods is included. It isallocated to “other products” and “unspecified originsand destinations”;- official supplementary estimates of intra-EU exportsand intra-EU imports beginning with 1993 that have notbeen transmitted to UNSD by the statistical authoritiesof EU member countries are included. For the UnitedKingdom, supplementary estimates have beendistributed by product using national statistics. For othercountries, whenever relevant, the figures have beenallocated to “other products”;- for the combined trade of EU member States(Appendix table A14), intra-imports have been replacedby intra-exports beginning with 1993 to partlycompensate for the observed under-reporting of intra-imports resulting from INTRASTAT procedures (seeSection III below).

Selection of each reporter’s major trading partners is basedon a ranking of total trade (exports plus imports) of eachreporter with their trading partners in 2000 (member States ofthe EU are counted as one trading partner).

6. Merchandise trade in balance of payments statisticsMerchandise trade statistics together with other basic

statistical systems (such as industrial and transport statistics)provide the foundation for the system of national accounts (SNA)and the balance of payments (BOP). Merchandise trade statisticsare basic to the compilation of the goods account in the balanceof payments as structured and defined in the fifth edition of theInternational Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Manual(BPM5).

Goods (merchandise) are defined in the SNA as “physicalobjects for which a demand exists, over which ownership rightscan be established and whose ownership can be transferredfrom one institutional unit to another by engaging intransactions on markets”. Thus, for the SNA and BOP statisticsthe recording of transactions should be based on the change ofownership principle.

However, the compilation of international merchandise tradestatistics (ITS) is usually based on customs records whichessentially reflect the physical movement of goods acrossborders, and follow international guidelines on concepts anddefinitions which do not fully conform to the principles of theSNA and the BPM5.

A number of adjustments have to be made to internationalmerchandise trade statistics before they match the specificrequirements of national accounts and balance of paymentsstatistics. For aggregate exports and imports these adjustmentsare mainly related to coverage, the system of trade, andvaluation.

With respect to coverage, the ITS in most instances conformswith the BPM5. Differences remain for the following cases: (i)transactions that represent services transactions (e.g. blueprints,videos, and tapes) should be valued in ITS at the value of thematerial in which they are incorporated, while under BPM5 thesetransactions should be excluded from goods and included, atmarket value, in services; (ii) transactions in which one or bothnational boundaries are not crossed (e.g. trade in vessels andaircraft, exports of bunkers, etc.) are not always included in ITSfor practical reasons, whereas they are usually included in BOP Te

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statistics; (iii) goods under the improvement and repair traderegime should be excluded from ITS, but they are to be includedat the value of the repair under the BPM5.

Concerning the system of trade, the ITS guidelines outline themeasurement of trade flows on the basis of (1) the special tradesystem and (2) the general trade system. Under the special tradesystem, the customs frontier is regarded as the statisticalboundary whereas, under the general system of trade, thenational frontier is regarded as the statistical boundary. TheBPM5 stresses that measurement for BOP compilation should bebased on change of ownership rather than on the general tradesystem or the special trade system. The general trade systemappears to be a better proxy for measuring change of ownershipbecause it provides broader coverage and the date of change ofownership may be closer to the date goods cross the nationalfrontier than to the date goods clear through customs.

As far as valuation is concerned, the issue that affects mostdata comparability concerns the point of valuation, namely,whether goods are valued at the importer’s border – that is atthe c.i.f. value – or at the f.o.b. value at the exporter’s border. ITSguidelines recommend the adoption of the c.i.f. valuation forimports whereas BPM5 requires the f.o.b. valuation. Additionaladjustments may be made by BOP compilers to conform to theBPM5 requirement for a market price for valuing trade,processing trade, and with respect to currency conversion.

Once adjusted, merchandise trade is recorded in the goodscategory of the current account, along with services, income, andcurrent transfers. Therefore, within the balance of paymentsframework transactions in both goods and services areharmonized and provide for comparable statistical series, as inTable I.8. It is not strictly speaking correct to aggregate thefigures for commercial services and merchandise shownelsewhere in this report.

It should be noted that some countries still apply theconcepts of the fourth edition of the Balance of PaymentsManual, and thus do not include goods for processing and goodsprocured in port carriers in the goods account.

II.2 Trade in commercial services

1. Exports and imports

Exports (credits) and imports (debits) of commercial servicesare derived from statistics on international service transactionsincluded in the balance of payments statistics, in conformitywith the concepts, definitions and classification of the fourth(1977) or fifth (1993) edition of the IMF Balance of PaymentsManual.

2. Definition of commercial servicesIn the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, the

current account is subdivided into goods, services (includinggovernment services, n.i.e.), income (investment income andcompensation of employees), and current transfers. Thecommercial services category in this report is defined as beingequal to services minus government services, n.i.e. Commercialservices is further sub-divided into transport, travel, and othercommercial services.

Transport covers all transportation services (sea, air and other– including land, internal waterway, space and pipeline) that areperformed by residents of one economy for those of another, andthat involve the carriage of passengers, the movement of goods(freight), rentals (charters) of carriers with crew, and relatedsupporting and auxiliary services.

Travel includes goods and services acquired by personaltravellers, for health, education or other purposes, and by

business travellers. Unlike other services, travel is not a specifictype of service, but an assortment of goods and servicesconsumed by travellers. The most common goods and servicescovered are lodging, food and beverages, entertainment andtransportation (within the economy visited), gifts and souvenirs.

Other commercial services corresponds to the followingcomponents defined in BPM5:

(i) communication services (telecommunications, postal andcourier services);

(ii) construction services;(iii) insurance services;(iv) financial services;(v) computer and information services (including news

agency services);(vi) royalties and licence fees, covering payments and

receipts for the use of intangible non-financial assetsand proprietary rights, such as patents, copyrights,trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises;

(vii) other business services, comprising trade relatedservices, operational leasing (rentals), and miscellaneousbusiness, professional and technical services such aslegal, accounting, management consulting, publicrelations services, advertising, market research andpublic opinion polling, research and developmentservices, architectural, engineering, and other technicalservices, agricultural, mining and on-site processing; and

(viii) personal, cultural, and recreational services includingaudiovisual services.

3. Coverage and comparabilityAlthough in recent years the coverage and comparability of

services trade data have improved, recorded trade figures stilllack comparability across countries and are subject to significantdistortions.

First, some countries do not collect statistics for certainservice categories. Second, some service transactions are simplynot registered. If central bank records are used, situations whereno financial intermediaries are employed are not counted. In thecase of surveys, the coverage of trading establishments is oftenincomplete. A particularly serious problem is that servicestransmitted electronically are frequently unregistered, especiallywhen the transactions take place within multinationalcorporations. Third, statistics may be reported on a net ratherthan on a gross basis, often as a result of compensationarrangements such as in rail transport or in communicationservices. Fourth, the alternate sources used for countries whichare not members of the IMF do not necessarily comply with theIMF concepts and definitions. Fifth, misclassification oftransactions may lead to an underestimation of commercialservices when service transactions are registered as income,transfers or trade in merchandise rather than trade in services or,conversely, to an overestimation of commercial services whentransactions pertaining to income, transfers or officialtransactions are registered in the private service categories.

These distortions may be particularly significant at thedetailed level, i.e., for a detailed service category, or for tradeflows by origin and destination.

The implementation of BPM5 will result in an improvement ofcountry comparability over time. However, given that theseimprovements are being made gradually, they also result in anumber of breaks in series. The borderline between goods andservices, as well as the borderlines between the components ofcommercial services differ in BPM4 and BPM5. Examples of suchdifferences are:Te

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(i) most processing transactions are included under goodson a gross basis in BPM5, while in BPM4 only the valueof the fees paid for processing are included in services;

(ii) goods procured in ports, such as fuels and provisions,are included in goods in BPM5, and in services(transport) in BPM4;

(iii) in BPM4, insurance services are normally measured bythe net premiums defined as premiums less claims, whilein BPM5, insurance services reflects the “normal” servicecharge, i.e. administrative services and part of theearnings; the rest of the net premiums or the actual riskpremiums is recorded under current transfers or in thefinancial account in case of life insurance; in addition,freight insurance is part of transport in BPM4, and partof insurance services in BPM5; and

(iv) the expenditure of seasonal and border workers isincluded in labour income in BPM4, and in travel inBPM5.

II.3 Other definitions and methods

1. Annual changes

Throughout this report, average annual percentage changesare analogous to compound interest rates. In calculating theaverage annual rate of change between 1990 and 2000, forexample, data for calendar year 1990 were taken as thebeginning point, and data for calendar year 2000 as the endpoint.

2. Commodity prices

Commodity price movements are primarily described byindices largely based on spot market prices, and thereforeexclude transactions governed by longer-term contracts. Priceindices for such commodities as food, beverages, agricultural rawmaterials, minerals, non-ferrous metals, fertilizers and crudepetroleum are obtained from IMF International FinancialStatistics. Aggregates for all primary commodities and for non-fuel primary commodities are calculated using IMF weights.

3. Merchandise trade volume and unit value indices

The volume and unit value indices are taken from a range ofdifferent international and national sources. The reportedvolume and unit value indices may not always be available forthe most recent years or may differ in product coverage fromthe corresponding value indices. For example, the indicesreported by France exclude electricity, military and railwayequipment, electronics, analysing and controlling instruments,shipbuilding and aeronautics, and machine tools. Switzerlandexcludes jewellery, antiques, and precious metals from itsindices.

Aggregation of the indices to obtain a world total is a two-tier process. First, export and import unit values are adjusted tothe extent possible for differences in coverage and, in cases ofmissing data, completed with Secretariat estimates. They are thenaggregated to obtain regional totals. The volume index for eachregion is obtained by dividing the respective trade value indexfor each region by the corresponding regional unit value index.

Second, to obtain the total world merchandise volume index,regional unit value indices are aggregated and the world tradevalue is deflated by the world unit value index. Throughout theaggregation process trade values of the previous year are usedas weights.

4. World productionProduction of agriculture, mining and manufacturing is

defined according to major Divisions 1, 2 and 3 of theInternational Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). Worldproduction in these sectors is estimated by combining productionindices published by the FAO, IMF, OECD, UNIDO and UNSD. Theworld index is derived through aggregation of the three sectorsby using value added shares in 1990 as weights.

5. World gross domestic productWorld GDP growth is estimated as a weighted average of

economies’real GDP growth. The weights used are shares ofeconomies in 1990 world nominal GDP converted to dollars atmarket exchange rates.

The use of official exchange rates which are not market-basedfor some major economies, together with the fluctuations of theUnited States dollar vis-à-vis major currencies can have asignificant impact on the weighting pattern. The increasing useof weights based on purchasing power parities (PPP) by otherinternational organizations is meant to attenuate “anomalies”linked to these factors. In a period of widely diverging growthrates among countries and regions, the choice of the weightingpattern can have a marked influence on the global growthestimate. For the 1990-2000 period, global growth estimatesbased on PPP-weights indicate a significantly faster growth thanestimates using weights based on GDP data measured at marketexchange rates. This is because of differences in the twoweighting patterns. Relative to weights based on GDP at marketexchange rates, PPP weights are low for the transition economies– especially the successor States of the former USSR with a poorgrowth record, and high for major developing countries (inparticular China) with above average growth.

6. Re-exportsUnder the system of general trade adopted in this report, re-

exports are included in total merchandise trade (see Section II.1).However, in the case of Hong Kong, China, the magnitude of itsre-exports (amounting in 2000 to $179 billion), if included inregional or world aggregates, would adversely affect theanalytical value of the statistics by introducing a significantelement of double counting. Therefore, Hong Kong, China’s re-exports are excluded from the world and from Asia aggregates(unless otherwise indicated); only Hong Kong, China’s domesticexports and retained imports are included in the totals. For thisreason, the figures for world exports and for exports of Asiashown in Appendix tables A2/A3 and A9/A10 are smaller thanthose in Appendix table A5. Since retained imports cannot beidentified from imports directly, an approximation is derived bysubtracting the value of re-exports from the value of imports. Theresulting figure will, however, under-estimate the value ofretained imports by the amount of the re-export margin.

III. Breaks in data continuity

1. Merchandise trade statistics of the European Union

The introduction of a new system for collecting statistics ontrade between the member States of the EU in January 1993 –INTRASTAT – which was briefly described in the GATT annualreport 1994, International Trade Trends and Statistics, hasaffected EU merchandise trade statistics in a number of ways.The system has resulted in the loss of continuity with pre-1993trade figures. Difficulties in implementing the new system haveresulted in reporting delays and numerous revisions in thefigures. More generally, the EU intra-trade statistics collected Te

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through INTRASTAT are markedly less accurate than statisticscollected under the previous system.

The coverage of the current system, which relies on reportssubmitted by firms for transactions above a minimum value, isnot as wide as the previous one, which was based on customsdeclarations. Estimates for non-response and exemptions fromreporting obligations are made by the statistical authorities ofsome member States but these estimates cannot always bebroken down by product, and they most probably under-recordthe actual trade flows, so that continuity with pre-1993 figureshas been lost. In some cases, as well, estimates of under-reporting have not been included in submissions to the UnitedNations Statistical Division for inclusion in the Comtradedatabase, which has also contributed to a marked disruption inthe continuity of the Secretariat’s traditional data source.

Prior to the adoption of the current system, reported intra-EUimports (c.i.f.) closely matched reported intra-EU exports (f.o.b.).From 1993, however, the reported value of intra-EU imports hasbeen on average around 6.5% below the value of intra-EUexports, indicating a substantial under-reporting of intra-EUimports. Given the significance of this inconsistency, theSecretariat has used intra-EU export data to adjust for the under-reporting of intra-EU imports. However, this adjustment could notbe allocated between EU member countries. As a result, the sumof reported imports of individual EU members does not add tothe figure for EU imports as a whole (see, for example, AppendixTable A6). This adjustment is also reflected in the volumeestimates for the EU as a whole.

Due to reporting delays to UNSD, the latest merchandisetrade statistics for all EU member States were not available atthe time the world trade network by region and product wasprepared. As a result, the Secretariat has had to partly estimatethe 2000 product breakdown of the EU.

The EU accounts for some 35% of world merchandise trade.It is also the major market for the exports of Africa, the MiddleEast and the CIS – all regions for which detailed trade statisticsare scarce. EU trade statistics, both for EU member countries andfor trade with these partner countries, therefore play a key rôle inglobal trade statistics and are of particular importance in theconstruction of the world trade network by region and product.Reporting delays and the decline in the reliability of EU intra-trade statistics have resulted in an increase in the margin of errorin the Secretariat’s trade estimates.

Due to a change in the definition of the statistical territory,the merchandise trade statistics of France include trade of FrenchGuiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Reunion beginning with1996.

2. Merchandise trade of Central and Eastern Europe,the Baltic States and the CIS

Beginning in 1990, trade data for Bulgaria and the formerUSSR were converted into dollars at official, market-orientedexchange rates, replacing the earlier practice of using implicitconversion factors. This created breaks in continuity in thecorresponding time series between 1989 and 1990. Valuationproblems are discussed in more detail in Box 1 in Volume I ofInternational Trade 1990-91 and in Box 2 in Volume I ofInternational Trade 1989-90.

Figures for the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republicinclude trade between these two countries. As regards the BalticStates and the CIS, trade figures cover their mutual exchangesstarting with 1996. Total merchandise exchanges among thesecountries amounted to some $36 billion in 1998, $29 billion in1999, and $38 billion in 2000. The inclusion of the mutual tradehas therefore resulted in substantial breaks in the continuity of

the trade series at the country and regional levels between 1995and 1996.

The political and economic upheavals in the region causeddisruptions in statistical reporting systems. Although somecountries improved or adapted their systems, detailed tradestatistics are still not available for many country/periods (exceptfor the Russian Federation). As a result, the Secretariat hasestimated their trade largely on the basis of the statistics of theirtrading partners.

The implementation of internationally agreed concepts anddefinitions for collecting merchandise trade statistics will result inan improvement of country comparability over time. However,given that these improvements are being made gradually, theyalso result in a number of breaks in series. Breaks in thecontinuity in the trade figures were identified for the followingcountries: for the Czech Republic between 1992 and 1993 dueto the inclusion of shipments through processing zones, andbetween 1998 and 1999 due to the exclusion of aircrafts andships movements through inward processing zones, as well asthe exclusion of temporary exports and imports; for Hungarybetween 1995 and 1996 due to the inclusion of shipmentsthrough processing zones; for Estonia between 1998 and 1999due the change from the general to the special system of trade;for Lithuania between 1994 and 1995 due to the change fromthe special to the general system of trade; for Ukraine between1994 and 1995 due to a change in data collection proceduresand the inclusion of shipments through processing zones; for theSlovak Republic between 1996 and 1997, and for Polandbetween 1997 and 1998 due to the introduction of newarrangements in customs procedures to harmonize with thestandards of the European Union.

Considerable uncertainty remains about the accuracy of theforeign trade statistics of the Russian Federation, especially asregards imports. A large proportion of the reported data onimports consists of official estimates of inflows of goods whichenter the country without being registered by the customsauthorities. Such adjustments to import data accounted for 27,26 and 25% of the officially reported totals in 1998, 1999, and2000 respectively; on the export side, such adjustmentsaccounted for about 5, 4 and 2% respectively.

IV. Statistical sources

Most frequently used sources for statistics are:EUROSTAT, External and Intra-European Union TradeFAO, Production YearbookFAO, Trade YearbookIMF, Balance of Payments Statistics IMF, International Financial StatisticsIMF, World Economic OutlookOECD, Main Economic IndicatorsOECD, National AccountsOECD, Monthly Statistics of Foreign TradeOECD/IEA, Energy Prices & TaxesUNECE, Economic Survey of EuropeUNIDO, National Accounts Statistics DatabaseUNSD, Comtrade databaseUNSD, International Trade Statistics YearbookUNSD, Monthly Bulletin of StatisticsWorld Bank, World Development IndicatorsWorld Bank, World TablesThese sources are supplemented by national publications and

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The merchandise trade statistics in this report are largelyderived from two sources. Figures for total merchandise trade arederived from IMF, International Financial Statistics. Data onmerchandise trade by origin, destination and product comemainly from the UNSD Comtrade database. Some inconsistenciesin the aggregate export and import data for the same country orterritory between the two sources are inevitable. These can beattributed to the use of different systems of recording trade, tothe way in which IMF and UNSD have converted data expressedin national currencies into dollars, and revisions which can bemore readily incorporated in the IMF data.

Statistics on trade in commercial services are mainly drawnfrom the IMF Balance of Payments Statistics. For countries thatdo not report to the IMF (e.g., Hong Kong, China; Macau, China;and Taipei, Chinese) data are drawn from national sources.

Estimations for missing data are mainly based on nationalstatistics. Statistics on trade in commercial services by origin anddestinations (Tables III.6 and III.7) are also derived from nationalstatistics.

Acknowledgements are due to the Food and AgricultureOrganization, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisationfor Economic Cooperation and Development, the StatisticalOffice of the European Communities, the United NationsEconomic Commission for Europe, the United Nations StatisticsDivision, the United Nations Industrial Development Organizationand the World Bank whose assistance in supplying advancecopies of their publications as well as other information hasgreatly facilitated the work of the Secretariat. Acknowledgementsare also due to national institutions for providing advancestatistics.

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