international workshop on small- and medium-scale biogas · 2015-12-31 · 1 the evolution of...
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The Evolution of Public-Private Partnerships to Accelerate the Development of
Commercial Biogas Sectors 26-28 NOVEMBER 2013, HANOI, VIETNAM
Report by SNV Vietnam
March 2014
Contact person: Dagmar Zwebe, [email protected]
International Workshop on Small- and Medium-Scale Biogas
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ADB Asian Development Bank
APMB Agriculture Projects Management Board
BCC Biogas Construction Company
BME Biogas Mason Enterprises
BOF Blue Orchard Finance
BP National Biogas Program for the Animal Husbandry Sector in Vietnam
BTC Biogas Technology Centre
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CER Certified Emissions Reduction
DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
DGIS Directorate-General for International Cooperation
DMHCC Department of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change
E4ALL Energy for All
EEP Energy and Environment Partnership
EKN Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
EnDev Energising Development programme
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
ICD International Cooperation Department
LCASP Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
LULUCF Land Use and Land Use Change and Forestry
MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
MEF Microfinance Enhancement Facility
MIFA Microfinance Initiatives for Asia
NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action
ODA Official Development Assistance
PMU Project Management Unit (BP)
PPP Public Private Partnership
PVC Polyvinyl chloride
QSEAP Quality and Safety Enhancement of Agricultural Products
RBF Results Based Financing
RGOB Royal Government of Bhutan
SNV Netherlands Development Organisation
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
VBA Vietnam Biogas Association
VER Voluntary Emissions Reduction
VGS Voluntary Gold Standard
Abbreviations
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Summary ________________________________________________________________________ 4
1. Introduction ____________________________________________________________________ 6
2. Day 1 – 26th November 2013 ______________________________________________________ 8
2.1 Plenary Session: Opening of the workshop _______________________________________ 8
2.2 Plenary Session: Biogas Market Development in Vietnam ___________________________ 11
2.3 Parallel Session: Public-Private Partnerships– Evolution over time ____________________ 13
2.3.1 Introduction and short description of the group assignments _______________________________ 13
2.3.2 Highlights from each country _______________________________________________________ 13
2.3.3 General Conclusions ______________________________________________________________ 17
3. Day 2 – 27th November 2013 – Field visits __________________________________________ 18
3.1 Domestic Biogas Program ____________________________________________________ 18
3.2 Hung Vuong Composite Company ______________________________________________ 19
3.3 Medium scale brick biogas installation __________________________________________ 20
4. Day 3 – 28th November 2013 _____________________________________________________ 21
4.1 Plenary Session: Financial mechanisms, opportunities and incentives _________________ 21
4.2 Parallel Sessions ___________________________________________________________ 23
4.2.1 The roles and potential responsibilities of Biogas Associations and other private sector initiatives __ 23
4.2.2 Micro-scale Biogas Solutions – What are the current developments? _________________________ 25
4.2.3 Innovations in domestic and productive scale biogas _____________________________________ 26
4.2.4 The evolution of Microfinance initiatives in biogas sector development, now and in the future. _____ 27
4.3 Closing session ____________________________________________________________ 30
4.3.1 Update on E4ALL Working Group on Domestic Biogas ____________________________________ 30
4.3.2 Introducing the Global Alliance on Productive Biogas (GAPB) _______________________________ 30
ANNEX 1 Factsheet Domestic Biogas Program Field Visit __________________________________ 31
ANNEX 2 Factsheet Medium Scale Biogas Field Visit ______________________________________ 32
ANNEX 3 - Workshop Agenda ________________________________________________________ 34
ANNEX 4 – Participant list __________________________________________________________ 38
ANNEX 5 – Evaluation _____________________________________________________________ 45
Table of Contents
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Vietnam was honoured to host the International Biogas Workshop on Small- and Medium Scale Biogas
from the 26 to the 28th of November 2013 in Hanoi. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
(MARD) has been cooperating with SNV Netherlands Development Organisation since 2003 on the
development of the Domestic Biogas sector – financially supported by Directorate-General for
International Cooperation (DGIS) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands; more recently, a
start was made with the development of the medium scale biogas sector in Vietnam. The first day of the
workshop, and especially the opening sessions was fully in the theme of the celebrations of the 10 year
cooperation. Opening speeches were given by representatives from MARD, the Embassy of the Kingdom
of the Netherlands in Vietnam (EKN), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the National Biogas Program
for the Animal Husbandry Sector in Vietnam (BP) and SNV. The jubilee book prepared to mark and
celebrate 10 years of cooperation on biogas sector development between MARD and SNV was launched.
The following plenary session, addressing aspects of biogas development in Vietnam, was introduced
with a film that highlighted many of the significant events and achievements of the national program
during the past 10 years. Presenters from SNV, the ADB supported Low Carbon Agriculture Support
Project (LCASP), MARD and the Institute of Energy provided an overview of the status and future outlook
of biogas activities in Vietnam. While the past 10 years has seen very significant uptake of biogas
technology in Vietnam, with over 135.000 digesters that have been constructed as a result of BP, it is
estimated that some 97% of the potential domestic market is still untapped. Until now the main focus
has been on domestic installations which have enjoyed a range of subsidies both from government and
ODA funding sources, enabling the establishment of a large number of construction and supplier
enterprises. From this foundation a significant market for medium-scale installations is beginning to
emerge while there is increasing demand to include a wider range of digester models in future programs.
In addition, the current end-user subsidies are being reviewed and alternative financial mechanisms
such as incentives for enterprises, low-interest loans and microfinance arrangements are being
considered.
During the afternoon session on the first day, country groups addressed four questions about the
evolution of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) as biogas sector becomes more market-based.
Participants were tasked to consider what market-based means and what the role of government might
be in such a scenario. The discussion included issues around decreasing subsidies; quality control in a
market-based scenario; and how the market can best leverage its relationship with government to
influence policy and enhance the success of PPPs. Different countries highlighted that they were at
different stages of evolution of the biogas market and in different social and political environments, so
these questions generated quite diverse responses according to the local context. The positions taken
ranged from strong support for full commercialisation with phasing out of subsidies and government
intervention in more developed markets through to a strongly held view that government should
continue its hands-on involvement including subsidies to be maintained or increased in the market
segments consisting of poor households. The role of subsidies in quality control was recognised, but also
ongoing training and certification were mentioned as measures to ensure standards. Collaboration
between government and enterprises was strongly supported but there was general consensus that while
government should be involved in policy and regulation, the private sector should be responsible for
implementation.
The second day was taken up with a full day of field visits to three different locations. A domestic farm
in Bac Ninh with a 15m3 biogas plant supported under BP showcased some of the best outcomes from
Summary
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this kind of installation in Vietnam. The farm has clean, hygienic surroundings and the household fully
utilises both biogas and bioslurry, enjoying multiple benefits from cooking for the household and making
rice wine, to providing feed for the fishponds and fertiliser for the large vegetable garden. At a farm in
Bac Ninh with around 400 pigs, participants visited a 200m3 medium-scale biogas plant, one of 9 built
under an EEP supported and SNV implemented pilot project during 2012-2013. This pilot plant has
provided key learnings that will inform future medium-scale construction and development. The owner
of the pilot plant is looking for opportunities to expand both his farm and the digester capacity. The visit
to the premises of the Huong Vuong composite digester manufacturer provided an insight into the labour-
intensive methods still being used for this kind of construction. Participants were able to see most stages
of the manufacturing process as well as the company’s wide range of appliances. Hazardous working
conditions at the plant site were of considerable concern to many people, highlighting the need to
address workplace health and safety in supporting and helping (to establish) local suppliers.
The plenary session on the third day focussed on financial mechanisms, opportunities and incentives. A
representative from the Department of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change (DMHCC) spoke
about the application of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) initiatives in Vietnam and the
issues being faced. It was pointing out that while a clear concept of NAMA is still evolving, it is difficult
to raise public awareness and to improve institutional capacity. A presentation on Results Based
Financing (RBF) outlined its key characteristics and highlighted some of the issues to be addressed in its
practical application as the risk is carried by the market rather than by the donor, so it is essential to
have strong financial structures in place. Finally, the status of current and future carbon markets was
discussed, particularly the fact that there are encouraging signs that the voluntary market will offer
reasonable returns for biogas in the immediate future because of its appeal on socio-economic impacts.
This may trigger for example funding by the private sector through Corporate Social Responsibility
programs.
Four parallel sessions occupied the remainder of the morning. In identifying the roles and responsibilities
of Biogas Associations, there was a view that such organisations should promote partnerships and broker
links between different market groups, while financial sustainability could best be achieved by providing
highly valued services to members. Micro-scale biogas solutions were discussed focusing on the provision
of technology that is affordable, easy to install and maintain, but still of good quality to ensure reliability.
The transition from subsidies to microfinance to support biogas installation should be carefully managed
to ensure access to the market is retained and that quality control issues are addressed.
During the final afternoon session an update was provided on the ADB supported activities under the
Energy for All (E4ALL) partnership. With its commitment to facilitate the installation of 1 million biogas
plants by 2016, this group is involved with training, quality control, monitoring and assessment activities
to support sustainable market development. Meanwhile, the Global Alliance for Productive Biogas is
engaged in knowledge generation and exchange, awareness raising, advocacy and resource mobilisation
to help alleviate poverty and contribute to a sustainable economy by providing people with productive
biogas.
Participants are looking back at a successful workshop with an interesting but difficult theme of “The
Evolution of Public Private Partnerships to Accelerate the Development of Commercial Biogas Sectors”.
The state of evolution is different in each country and heavily dependent on the local context. The
workshop offered a great platform to exchange knowledge and interact with each other to – together-
move forward towards more sustainable biogas markets. Evaluations show again that the workshop was
highly appreciated and extremely well organised.
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1. Introduction
In 2003, the Netherlands-Vietnam cooperation on domestic biogas was initiated. Over the past decade,
the Vietnam Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) and SNV Netherlands Development
Organisation have clearly demonstrated the great value of this public-private partnership for the
development of the biogas market in the framework of the National Biogas Program for the Animal
Husbandry Sector (BP). Additional financial support was secured from the Asian Development Bank
(ADB), the World Bank and others for the further growth of the sector resulting in a total of about
200,000 digesters installed by 2013 of which over 135,000 have been installed by BP. The biogas
programme achieved international recognition through winning the prestigious World Energy Award,
Ashden Award, and Energy Globe Award. In April 2011, the Vietnam Biogas Association (VBA) was
established with a vision to become the leading organisation representing biogas sector enterprises,
institutions and individuals in Vietnam. As a spin-off of the domestic biogas programme, a niche market
has started to evolve around medium-scale biogas plants.
Although a lot has been achieved in just 10 years, there is still work to be done in order to establish a
commercial biogas sector in Vietnam. In order to achieve this, the partnership between public and private
parties in the sector will need to further evolve. Carefully designed institutional development will have
to take place: What are the roles to be played by respectively private and government actors? What will
be the added value of the biogas association in the sector? Other countries in Asia, each in a different
manner and context, are experiencing challenges in evolving value-adding public-private partnerships
in the biogas sector.
Sharing the experiences between these countries is essential to further develop the biogas sectors in
Asia. More than 50 different organisations cooperate in the Working Group on Domestic Biogas convened
by SNV under the Energy for All Partnership (E4ALL) initiated by the ADB. The objective of this group is
the construction of one million domestic biogas plants across fifteen Asian countries by 2016, which
would provide access to sustainable energy to five million people. The achievement of this target will
not be possible without adequate institutional set-up and cooperation between public and private actors.
In addition, emerging market-based financial mechanisms like results-based financing and climate
finance; technical innovations; and demand for medium-scale biogas also need a platform for discussion
and advancement.
To support this need for on-going discussion and collaboration, the VBA, MARD through BP and SNV, in
cooperation with the ADB/E4ALL, organised the International Biogas Workshop in Hanoi, Vietnam, from
26 to 28 November 2013.
1.1 Objectives
This workshop had the following objectives:
i. To learn and share experiences regarding the progress and challenges facing the domestic and
medium-scale biogas programme in Asia;
ii. To present, discuss and advance the current institutional set-up of the biogas sector including
the possible roles of biogas associations and the need for changes in the partnership between
private and public actors to arrive at a commercial sector; and
iii. To present, discuss and advance the development of market-based financial mechanisms;
technical innovation; medium-scale biogas plants; and productive use of biogas.
Expected output is an outline of the main issues, lessons learnt and prospects by country;
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To present and discuss the latest developments and opportunities on key issues related to the transition
from biogas projects to national programs to sectors.
Expected output is opportunities mapped for developing and resourcing of biogas sectors on: carbon
financing, product development, bio-slurry, credit facilities and the enabling environment.
1.2 Participants
Approximately 150 people participated in the workshop, twice the number anticipated in the first
workshop announcement circulated in early September 2013. Interest was such that more than 100
interested people had to be turned away. Delegates came from twenty-one countries and included key
participants in biogas sector development representing private enterprise, civil society and government
initiatives as well as development partners and financial institutions supporting biogas development. See
Annex 2 for the complete participant list.
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2. Day 1 – 26th November 2013
2.1 Plenary Session: Opening of the workshop
2.1.1 Opening Address
Mr Tram Kim Long, Head of Department of International Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development (MARD)
On behalf of the Vietnamese Government, Mr. Long welcomed all
participants to Vietnam, and wished them a pleasant stay, good health
and happiness.
In his opening speech Mr. Long addressed the importance of biogas
technology as a response to climate change and as an important pillar of
the 2020 outlook for Vietnam.
On behalf of MARD he complimented and thanked BP, SNV and the
Government of the Netherlands for the close cooperation in supporting
Vietnam and specifically the rural farmers of Vietnam with gaining access
to biogas technology. Over 70% of the Vietnam people still live in the
rural areas, and their farming activities pollute the environment as there
are improper waste management systems in place. Biogas technology
brings happiness to the farmers, and limits GHG emissions at the same
time.
MARD is very proud of the many international awards the program has won over the years (2006, 2010
and 2012) as it shows there is recognition at the highest level that using cheap and available energy
sources, and creating access to these sources for all people can make a difference.
During this workshop the aim is to share experiences and knowledge, and to learn about the successes
and lessons from the Vietnamese biogas sector as well as the broader Asian market.
On behalf of MARD, Mr. Long presented flowers to SNV Vietnam’s director Mr. Mendez to thank him for
10 years of cooperation.
2.1.2 Opening remarks – Introducing the 10 year celebration of Vietnam–Netherlands
cooperation on household biogas in Vietnam.
Mr Job Runhaar, Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Vietnam
In his opening remarks, Mr Runhaar was happy to inform the participants
on the celebration of 40 years of cooperation between the Netherlands
Government and the Vietnamese Government. For this reason
celebrations were being held in Ho Chi Minh City, where a Holland Village
has been set-up.
Mr Runhaar said that the 40 years of cooperation had been a long and
interesting journey with trips off the beaten track, bumpy rides as well
as sunny skies. The Netherlands Government has been a proud sponsor
of BP for 10 years now and Mr Runhaar congratulated all the people
involved in this journey. When the program started the question was
asked “could the success of Nepal be replicated in Vietnam and other
countries?” Now we know that this indeed is possible, and markets can
be developed with many opportunities for entrepreneurs, farmers and
especially women. The support for the program will continue through
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ENDEV, to which the Netherlands Government is the largest donor. The Netherlands Government will
continue to support new sustainable developments and poverty alleviation solutions.
Recently Mr Runhaar was able to join a field visit to the biogas program. The enthusiasm of the BP team,
the happiness of the farmers and the developments of the enterprises were clearly visible to him.
Regarding the field trip organised on the second day of the workshop, Mr Runhaar was sure that
participants would all experience the same and would see the changes the biogas technology brings to
Vietnam.
2.1.3 Opening remarks from ADB
Mr Elmar Elbling, Energy Specialist, Asian Development Bank
In his opening remarks, Mr Elmar Elbling said that ADB believes it is very
appropriate to have this workshop in Vietnam in 2013 as there are so
many accomplishments that can be presented here today. Besides the
already mentioned awards and results, the Vietnam program is also now
registered as a carbon project both under the Gold Standard as a voluntary
project (since June 2012) as well as under the UNFCCC as a CDM project
(2013).
ADB is supporting the biogas and low carbon developments in Vietnam
through several loan programs. One of these is the QSEAP loan of 90
million USD supporting (among other components) the development of
domestic biogas in through a loan arrangement for 20,000 digesters and
additional support for another 20,000 digesters. In June 2012, 26,000
digesters had already been constructed under the program. A new
development is the Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project (LCSAP),
which Mr Hinh from the Agriculture Projects Management Board under
MARD would present more on later.
The ADB also supports biogas developments in other countries such as Bhutan (supporting the
construction of 1,600 digesters) and the development of large scale biogas digesters.
ADB’s Energy for All initiative (E4ALL) has very actively supported SNV and the domestic biogas sector
in Asia, with its Domestic Biogas Working Group being one of the most active working groups. Mr Elbling
said that based on one of the outcomes of last year’s workshop in Chengdu, China, fibreglass digesters
(called composite model in Vietnam) are being demonstrated and monitored in Bangladesh and Nepal.
Mr Elbling urged any participants who were not already members of the E4All initiative to join so that
everybody could partner and work together towards the future development of the biogas sector.
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2.1.4 Address by Director of the National Biogas Program for the Animal Husbandry Sector in
Vietnam
Dr Hoang Kim Giao, Advisor to the Minister of Agriculture & Rural Development (MARD) and Director
of the National Biogas Program (BP)
Mr Giao indicated that as a program director since 2009, he has seen the
program growing over those years. The biogas market development has been
based upon a few strong pillars like national and local promotion, capacity
building of mason enterprises and technicians, a quality control mechanism and
knowledge exchange. Furthermore these developments have been the result
of successful cooperation between MARD, its relevant departments, the Biogas
Project Management Unit (PMU) and SNV.
He recognized that it is not always easy to develop a sector as local awareness-
raising takes time, not only with farmers, but also with leaders. Not all people
are immediately fully committed, and changing circumstances often mean that
SMEs may have to withdraw from biogas construction activities (about 25%).
Developing a market driven sector is easier said than done, so with current
dependence on subsidy mechanisms and strong support from third parties, a
real change of heart and mind would be necessary to make this work.
Mr Giao said that climate change and epidemics are a serious issue for Vietnam and the animal husbandry
sector. In the year 2013, 14 serious storms hit Vietnam, with serious impacts on the livelihoods of many.
Biogas technology is a way of avoiding greenhouse gas emissions and addressing climate change issues.
As the program looks back at 10 very successful years, Mr Giao expressed confidence that there are
many, even more successful years to come. He wished all participants a very enjoyable workshop, with
lots of learning moments and knowledge exchange, and hoped they would not forget to also enjoy Hanoi
and Vietnam while they were here.
2.1.5 Opening remarks from SNV – The evolution of the Biogas Program and the cooperation
in Vietnam 2003-2013 (including launch of the Jubilee Book)
Miguel Méndez, Country Director, SNV Vietnam
Mr Mendez indicated to be proud to see so many people
from so many different countries had travelled to the
workshop, from far and nearby, to share knowledge
and to network on the topic of biogas. There was so
much interest as more than 200 participants tried to
register.
SNV is currently active in the field of domestic biogas
in 20 countries worldwide, with many of these
programs having been built upon the lessons learned in
Nepal and Vietnam, the first countries with nationally
embedded biogas programs. The program is
celebrating its 10 year anniversary this year – 10 years
with many victories and accomplishments but of course
also with difficulties. Mr Miguel expressed the gratitude
of SNV and the BP for the long term vision, support, close cooperation and flexibility of DGIS – the
Netherlands Government. He also thanked MARD for having contributed so strongly to the cooperation
and success of biogas development.
In 2012, BP was finally registered as a carbon credit program, and is now “officially” acknowledged for
the emission reductions it accomplishes each year. Over 90,000 of the 140,000 plants built under the
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program have been registered in a Gold Standard project and the first issuance of credits took place in
the first quarter of 2013.
To capture all the milestones as well as to acknowledge all the great people that worked for or with the
program, the PMU published a 10-year Jubilee book to share with the world. Mr Mendez officially
presented the first copy of the book to Mr Long of ICD-MARD to thank MARD for the great cooperation,
and to thank all MARD directors and supporters for their support during the last 10 years, and the years
to come.
2.2 Plenary Session: Biogas Market Development in Vietnam
2.2.1 10 years of the Biogas Program for the Animal Husbandry Sector in Vietnam: The
results so far
Ms Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet, National Biogas Program
Ms Nguyet introduced the movie documenting the achievements of the Biogas program for the animal
husbandry sector in Vietnam. The movie can be found here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZIe8gupyuk&feature=youtu.be
2.2.2 Opportunities and Challenges in the way forward with the National Biogas Program
Biogas in Vietnam Phase 3
Ms Dagmar Zwebe, SNV Vietnam
Ms Zwebe provided background information on the animal husbandry sector in
Vietnam. So far biogas has reached less than 3% of an estimated total
amount of over 6.3 million farming households. Despite the fact that already
an estimated 500,000 digesters have been installed in Vietnam, the untapped
potential is still very large. With regard to medium scale biogas, to date less
than 0.5% of the total population has installed a biogas digester.
The biogas program in Vietnam is the result of a close cooperation between
SNV and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development. The aim of this
program is to create a commercially viable biogas market, supporting
development of a sector that can operate independently. So far 30% of the
market is already operating without support of the program, a sign that the
program is reaching its goal.
The program has installed more than 140,000 biogas digesters in 53 provinces, thereby providing a
clean, affordable source of renewable energy to over 600,000 people. The program has received various
prestigious international awards and since February 2013 it has been receiving tradable voluntary
emission reduction certificates (VERs). After 10 years it was time for some change and innovation, so
for this reason the third phase of the project has started.
In the final phase of the project, from 2013-2017 the cooperation between MARD and SNV will continue,
financially supported by Energizing Development (EnDev). The final phase will focus on results based
finance in order to further stimulate market development, accelerate market growth and overcome
market barriers for biogas mason enterprises (BMEs). These BMEs will have more responsibilities as the
program reduces costs and phase out subsidies for end users. The core activities that will be executed
in the final phase are setting up sustainable training and quality control systems, incorporating additional
biogas models and improving access to microfinance for end users.
Ms. Zwebe indicated that SNV is also further pursuing the market introduction of medium scale plug flow
digesters in Vietnam.
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2.2.3 ADB’s support to the Vietnam Biogas Sector
Biogas activities in the ADB's financed Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project.
MSc Nguyen The Hinh, Vice-Director General / Director of Low Carbon Agriculture Support Project,
APMB, MARD
The Asian Development Bank has signed a $74 million loan agreement with
Vietnam to develop sustainable, climate friendly agriculture with low
carbon emissions and smart utilization of farm wastes for income
generation. The project will be implemented in ten provinces in Vietnam,
and has four focal points:
- Comprehensive livestock waste management
- Credit line for biogas value chains
- Technology transfer with regard to climate-smart agricultural waste
management practices
- Project management
Mr Hinh highlighted the importance of end user training because of the
potential environmental impacts of not using the biogas and bioslurry in
the correct way. If biogas is vented it can contribute to greenhouse gas
emissions, and discharging bioslurry into drainage systems will result in
water pollution. He stressed the importance of using the gas in a productive way and the bioslurry as an
organic fertilizer, activities which would result in savings and/or extra income. In order to do this the
correct technologies and markets need to become available. Mr Hinh suggested that households could
use the gas in many different appliances and share the gas with neighbours through a simple gas
pipeline. He identified the large potential for organic fertilizers but indicated that government support
will be needed to make the transition from the current chemical fertilizers to organic fertilizers.
In order to facilitate new technologies the LCASP project will provide demonstrations, and LCASP is
currently also developing a database to register all the biogas plants in Vietnam.
2.2.4 Medium Scale Biogas
An overview of local technologies being implemented
Ms Ho Thi Lan Huong, Institute of Energy and representative of the
Vietnam Biogas Association
Ms Huong said that the main renewable energy sources in Vietnam are
hydro-power, biomass for cooking, biogas and solar for water heating.
According to Ms. Huong one of the issues that impedes renewable energy
developments in Vietnam is the subsidy for fossil fuels, resulting in low
electricity prices which makes renewable energy sources uncompetitive.
Limited access to loans for renewable energy investments further
complicates the situation.
Ms Huong indicated that the potential for small scale biogas in Vietnam is
6.5 million households and for medium scale the total potential is 23,000
plants. According to Ms. Huong there are currently 1,000,000 small scale
biogas plants, 500 medium scale and 150 industrial digesters have been
constructed in Vietnam.
Ms Huong further described the various medium scale technologies available: the fixed dome plant model
from China, the plug flow design of the Institute of Energy and the KT31 design of Biogas Technology
Centre. Medium scale biogas could be used for animal heating purposes, cooking and to boil water. It is
also possible to convert the gas into electricity in order to power pumps, lights or motors. The bioslurry
could be used for cultivation, raising fish or to make compost for fertilizer.
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Ms Huong concluded that more attention still needs to be paid to quality management, training and
promotion for medium scale biogas in Vietnam.
2.3 Parallel Session: Public-Private Partnerships– Evolution over time
2.3.1 Introduction and short description of the group assignments
In the parallel sessions four questions were discussed by groups formed on the basis of nationality. The
questions were:
1. What is does market-based mean and what is the role of government in a market-based sector?
2. As ODA and government subsidies decrease, what market mechanisms need to be developed to
replace subsidies and stimulate the market?
3. What will be the essential features of a market-based quality control system and how can it work?
4. What are the issues that impede success of PPPs; how can the market optimize communications with
government and overcome such issues in helping to drive future policy development?
Following the discussions each group presented their conclusions to the audience. The responses were
relatively similar despite the different national situations and experiences. The main points for each
country are listed below.
2.3.2 Highlights from each country
Bangladesh
1. Relates to supply and demand, and there is a huge
difference between gas and electricity demand;
Traditionally Bangladesh renewable energy market is
supply driven with different donor/development partners
running lots of grants and subsidy programs.
The government role is not effective as there is lack of
coordination among agencies/departments and lack of
policies or consistency re waste management and
renewable energy promotion.
2. Subsidy for biogas installation in Bangladesh has increased
recently by 50%, difficult to change due to high subsidies
on traditional energy alternatives
Market mechanisms should include awareness raising and more coordination among stakeholders,
including government departments/agencies; Introduce more fi’s to this sector; More R&D, cost
benefit demonstration and rationalization of energy costs
3. Bangladesh not market based yet and project prioritization based on market demand. Government
should play as facilitator for an enabling environment to promote the biogas value chain.
4. PPP policy yet to be finalized - Difference between existing policies and practices; Lack of coordination
among the institutions
Overcome through Advocacy to address issues; create pressure group to address this issues (BBDF
can play a vital role)
Taskforce combining with different agencies to develop and implement policy about PPP
Bhutan
(Bhutan received applause for completing 900 biogas digesters)
1. Right now there is little demand from end users – it is still supply driven; Private sector means the
biogas masons.
We hope to develop into a demand driven system, so far no commercial biogas plant has been built
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RGOB supports resource mobilization – everything is done by the government
2. Fossil fuels are still very cheap, heavily subsidized by India; If subsidies for fossil fuels would be
removed biogas would have a very good chance; Right now we cannot start to think about removing
the subsidy for biogas
3. Presently only done by department of livestock with support from SNV.
4. No barriers, market is currently the main issue; Stimulus economy plan, reduce imports, encourage
national energy production
Cambodia
1. Refers to supply and demand; supply=biogas construction companies, appliances manufacturers;
demand=farmers
Role of government is coordination between local authorities, BCC, farmers; regulate quality; enforce
after sales service; promotion, building awareness of biogas amongst farmers; linking biogas with
other government programs
2. Subsidies still required for stimulating the market
Carbon finance could replace ODA; More responsibility towards private sector; Strengthen capacity
of BCC is required
Program is important to enforce quality; Lobbying with the government for national budget allocation
3. Subsidy used to control the quality, without subsidy low quality plants will enter the market. QC is
most important so a clear monitoring procedure and database is needed. In future government could
provide funds for QC; BCC association could manage; Commercial verification service (part of costs
of building digesters); Appliances, import them in bulk by BCC’s.
4. Open to investors and private sector that want to enter the market; Role of MFI’s more active
China
1. Supply and demand; demand from government for
energy security, environmental standards; demand from
farmers for clean energy, clean indoor air, environment
improvement, market prices of traditional fossil energy.
Private sector – engaged in product development and
services, new technology, mass production and economies
of scale to cut down costs; fully market based system not
yet in place, sector still mainly led by government, market
has a role.
Role of government: favourable policies; mid and long term
development plan; Formulate standards and market
regulations; Initial or limited financial assistance
2. End user financing (loan/credit for productive use of biogas and commercial use of bio slurry); Value
chain extension to high value use of biogas, such as vehicle fuel, and feed into natural gas pipelines
after upgrading; Chemical fertilizer and fuels have become more expensive, this helps biogas
3. Standardization of biogas projects, testing, monitoring and technology; Quality supervision
authorities and third party certification institutions, minimum technical requirements
4. Establishment of after sales biogas service network; Learn from other countries.
India
1. Barriers to commercialization – High prices (domestic biogas system); Subsidies and support from
government of India programs; Inadequate capacity of quality construction masons and suppliers;
Inadequate implementation of quality standards; System for certification of masons is absent
Role of government: reduce fossil fuel subsidies; training & certification of technicians/construction
masons; Develop standards for biogas value chain; we expect a slow change toward pure commercial
biogas market (for small systems)
2. Market mechanisms – micro finance: Enhance role for banks and government (loan guarantee by
government); Pay for use, role by service providers, gas supply to domestic users, comparable to
energy service company; Community system is an option
3. Quality of raw materials is a challenge in India - Web based quality control system can assist effective
support but private sector needs to be committed to quality
15
4. South-South cooperation (IFAD success story); Technology commercialization trust fund/incubation
support to entrepreneurs; Promote appropriate role for self-help groups or community based biogas
groups
Indonesia
1. Create supply and demand; Supply high quality digesters;
Demand from end users
Government - Encourage households to buy biogas, build
awareness
2. MFI’s are required; it can come from the rural bank; Easy
credit with low interest; After sales services
3. Standardization of biogas; Technical support, compete for
better quality and better service.
4. Subsidy from government; Government must allocate fund
for promoting biogas and support biogas constructor
Nepal:
1. 120 construction companies are active.
Access to technology solutions for users – supply of digesters and related products and services
including financial services to end users. Lead role is for the private sector, dependent on the stage
of development.
Role of the government: as the market develops their role will decrease; Subsidies should be used
in a smart way; Technical support when and where it is needed; Bring regulations and policies, be a
facilitator and protect consumer rights.
2. Risk of collapse of the market. Government should increase level of income of people, and then
subsidy is less needed; Subsidy should only be available for the poorest people, at a higher level;
Technical and other support may still be needed
3. There should be systems and standards for products and services; regulations and policies for quality
control; Testing and certification systems in the country; Capacity building; Developing physical
infrastructure; Harmonization with international standards
4. Develop space for regular dialogue and understand the role of each party; Clear cut leadership,
private sector should take leading role; Regular dialogue forums
Pakistan
1. Around 6000 plants, potential of around 3 million
Private construction companies are trained, so far no real demand from
farmer side, mainly government and NGO driven;
Efforts underway to link with MFI’s; Bio slurry research being conducted
with universities and research institutes
Biogas appliances are being developed
Government role: planning to install 100,000 biogas plants, subsidy 25-
50% depending on size of the plant; Combination of government subsidy,
MFI, farmer investment
2. Government led innovation framework - Major government intervention
to kick start the biogas market sector
Project cost 300 million with payback one year through energy savings
and training of 5000 plus masons and 2000 technical supervisors
Social mobilization; Awareness/advocacy; Environmental issues; Partnerships of international
successful organizations
Capacity building/skill development
Networking with other stakeholders; notifying standards of training, certification and quality control
is under process
3. Mechanism of quality control - Risk of becoming number driven instead of quality driven; Drop of
trained labour; Ensure continuous supply of trained manpower
4. Lengthy bureaucratic process - Change in political ownership; Government role be limited to policy
formulation or facilitation; Management and implementation should be with private partner; Strong
M&E system and regular reporting
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Africa
In Zimbabwe the biogas program is still very young, with only 9 digesters built
1. Customers and suppliers who act freely and can agree on prices, customers can choose from various
suppliers.
Role of government: legislation and policy to protect customers and suppliers, standards and QC
enforcement, create enabling environment for suppliers; Possible duty exemptions.
2. Purpose is to create demand from the market mechanism – can be seen as promotion or incentive.
It also serves to enable quality control and can be used to manage risk; when the market matures
market forces will take over but now we must invest in the market because it is new; Customers are
made aware of QC issues and they will enforce them themselves
3. Training, standards, certification, after sales; Reputation of masons,
4. Private players may be more interested in profit than partnership while Government is too much led
by politics; NGO’s can be driven by sexiness of issues, but are not aware enough of issues on the
ground; Government likes to talk about private sector but does not want to let them in.
If there is genuine demand for the product, and if suppliers can provide quality products at affordable
prices the dialogue will follow naturally
Vietnam 1
1. Vietnam is only country in the world with a viable market for biogas, subsidy has always been very
low. Many masons can also offer the biogas digesters in the open market
Role of the government: regulations, develop policies, certification to defend interest of the
households
2. As an alternative to subsidy, access to micro finance can mitigate high upfront investment costs;
Subsidies can be a key tool to reach poorer households and allow them to have access to clean
energy
3. Quality issue is there, but not for government or for NGO’s. We are concerned about our profile and
reputation, we give three year guarantee, we have a maintenance and after sales service policies.
Government was supportive but wanted to set criteria - four registered enterprises.
MARD agreed to have an independent company to develop and institutionalize the biogas sector.
4. Laws regulations and policies have to be further developed - Different areas are very different
Enforcement, how do you enforce the laws and regulations and make it transparent. All the basics
are there, how it will be done depends on the next phase. There is a clear shift from project
implementation towards a long term strategy which we call value chain development.
Vietnam 2
1. Biogas in Vietnam is already partly market
based. There are still some issues why we need
government and NGO involvement.
Four stakeholders, government, private actors,
NGO’s, end users
Have to follow the regulations of the government
Slowly need to phase out subsidy, from direct
subsidy to support with training, technology and
different services from the private sector.
Stimulate and have good promotion for the
private sector for all services.
2. MARD has four projects related to biogas, from
different financial partners with different
subsidies. SNV provides Government should set the direction that direct subsidy needs to be phased
out and focus more on indirect support.
Need to strengthen private sector in form of capacity and service – could replace subsidy between
10-30%, with bank loan, but now the interest is still very high. Good communication about benefits
is required, also the end users need better information about the various models
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3. QC not always easy, also not if it is done by the government or even if it is done by the biogas
association. Government has to set up clear policy and regulation and in the near future should set
up a law with minimum standards for biogas digesters.
Strengthen capacity building for VBA which could have very important role. Database is required,
right now there are different programs but we cannot analyse the data and there is no standard M&E
system.
4. PPP for biogas is very new, government does not have much experience. Also there is no regulation
how to deal with PPP. We would like to learn more from different countries how they address public
private partnerships
5. What are the issues that impede success of PPPs; how can the market optimize
communications with government and overcome such issues in helping to drive future policy development?
The market is still not fully aware of the possibilities of biogas technology, awareness is still not reached
the optimum point, and so more communication is needed to support the market.
The regulations and laws are yet to be defined and have to be developed into implementable and
achievable policies that support the market and the quality.
Policies need to be enforced, which a challenge is given the scattered nature of the market.
2.3.3 General Conclusions
For each of the questions posed, the prevailing views were as follows.
1. Market-based means that supply and demand are the determining factors, with suppliers providing
a choice of quality products and services to end-users who want clean energy at a competitive price.
The role of government should be to ensure policies support good environmental and economic
outcomes; to promote awareness among end-users and encourage uptake; and to ensure quality
through mason and technician training and certification.
2. Market mechanisms to replace subsidies and stimulate the market may include: the promotion of
the real savings generated through biogas plants with accessible cost-benefit analysis information;
removal of subsidies on fossil fuels and replacement of biogas subsidies with carbon financing; and
supporting easy access, low interest financing options
3. A market-based quality control system should include documented international-level quality
standards, certification and monitoring and must address materials, construction/installation and
appliances and provide warranties. It should be government funded but industry/association
managed via monitoring/evaluation/reporting database
4. The success of PPPs is limited by lack of appropriate policies and the fact that different groups have
different drivers – political (Government) vs profit (Private sector) vs appeal (NGOs).
Market-government communications and future policy development should be addressed by setting
up a joint multi-agency (government) and private sector policy development taskforce and ensuring
implementation is a private sector responsibility while Government is only involved with policy.
Support should be provided to entrepreneurs for technology commercialization, and accountable
after sales service should be ensured.
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3. Day 2 – 27th November 2013 – Field visits
3.1 Domestic Biogas Program This farm is a great example of the benefits that biogas brings. According to the household, neighbours
and extended family often come to eat the food which is cooked on the biogas stove. The pigs live in a
clean stable as the household now has an improved manure management system. The bioslurry is used
for both the large fishponds and for the vegetable garden on the property. Because the garden is some
distance from the location of the stable and digester a PVC pipe has been installed to transport the slurry
to a second slurry pit, from where it is applied to the vegetable garden with a pump and a hose. This
household is a perfect example of the closed loop system that is possible with biogas technology.
The factsheet of this field visit can be found in Annex 1.
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3.2 Hung Vuong Composite Company
Hung Vuong Composite Company is one of the leading Composite Model Biogas digester (also called
“fiberglass model) producers and suppliers in Vietnam. The founder started his career in the biogas
sector as a trained and certified mason of the Domestic Biogas Program and developed his company into
what it is today. Hung Vuong doesn’t only make and sell the composite model, but is also one of the
suppliers of biogas appliances in Vietnam. During the visit to this factory the workshop participants could
observe the production process of the composite biogas digester – and especially the differences with
the production methods observed in China a year ago – and could see, try and learn more about the
most common appliances in Vietnam.
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3.3 Medium scale brick biogas installation This is a medium-sized farm with about 400 pigs serviced by a biogas plant with 200m3 capacity. While
the plant has only been installed for a little over a year and fully functioning for less time than that, the
farmer is already looking into expanding the construction. Prior to installing the plant there was a
significant animal waste problem, and permission to expand the farm was denied until the waste problem
was properly dealt with. However, the digester has enabled very effective waste management, and so
the farmer now wants to increase both the number of pigs stocked and the digester capacity so that a
greater quantity of waste can be processed. Conveniently, the design of the biogas plant is such that it
can be relatively easily enlarged as stock increases simply by building additional tanks. The gas
generated is used for cooking and to generate electricity which is used to run the pump which delivers
bioslurry to fish ponds and fields.
The factsheet of this field visit can be found in Annex 2.
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4. Day 3 – 28th November 2013
4.1 Plenary Session: Financial mechanisms, opportunities and incentives
4.1.1 NAMA developments for Biogas in Vietnam – What can this practically mean for Vietnam and
the Vietnamese private sector?
Mr Nguyen Trong Hung, DMHCC, Division of GHG Emission Monitoring and Low Carbon Economy,
Vietnam
In 2011 the Prime Minister of Vietnam presented the national strategy response to climate change which
addressed three goals:
Reduce intensity of GHG emissions by 8-10%
Reduce energy consumption per unit of GDP by 1-1.5% per year
Reduce GHG emissions from energy activities by 10-20%
A national greenhouse gas inventory has been made for Vietnam. The sectors with the most emissions
will be addressed with mitigation options: agriculture and LULUCF. Currently the first steps to develop
the biogas NAMA are under preparation.
Even though Vietnam has a high potential for developing a NAMA on biogas there are also many
challenges that need to be addressed. The main challenges are related to a lack of a clear defined
concept on NAMAs, public awareness and institutional capacity.
4.1.2 Results Based Financing – What does it mean for project implementation and management
Mr Marco Huels, Energy Advisor, EnDev Program, GIZ, Germany
The purpose of Results Based Finance is to move from up-front subsidies to
conditional payments for pre-agreed, verifiable results. This helps to shift
risks from donors to market actors.
The basic characteristics of RBF are:
No upfront payments, only ex-post after verification of delivery: no
delivery, no payment; risk entirely at private sector
Provides temporary incentives to overcome market failures, trigger
market growth: only nascent markets with growth potential and no other
constraints
Private sector chooses own business models but safeguards are set for
quality and sustainability
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RBF will require a mind shift where the market sets the price while the private sector decides whether
or not it requires technical assistance and bears the full risk of implementation.
In order for RBF to work the capacity of the private actors has to be sufficient and there needs to be a
strong financial sector. If these preconditions are not met RBF will not work and the classical pre-financed
TA approach will work better.
RBF is very complicated; it involves many intermediaries and a lot of checks and balances between
sectors. If you want to set up RBF properly you need to have many monitoring and evaluation services
in place.
4.1.3 Carbon Markets – What does the future hold?
Ms Annyta Luo Qun, Technical Expert, Gold Standard Foundation, China
The CER price is very low now, less than $1 per ton; the market is not bankrupt but the price is terrible.
However, the voluntary carbon market is very different from the compliance market with the average
price of a VER quite stable at around $6 per ton. VERs only occupy a very tiny part of entire carbon
market, and there are a number of different standards in this voluntary market.
The best prices are paid for gold standard VER’s. Previously only renewable energy and energy efficiency
were allowed under the Gold Standard, but now LULUCF has been included. If we can base the future
on the past we see continued growth in the VGS market which is expected to be $2.3 billion by 2020.
Credits are bought by companies such as DHL, KLM and Lenovo. Coca Cola has bought credits to offset
their carbon emissions and increase social capital. These purchases are based on CSR objectives which
are the main reason companies decide to buy VGS credits.
Gold Standard not only looks at reduced emissions but also includes things as air, water and soil quality
(environment) while the project must also have a poverty impact. With a very positive social
development matrix, buyers are willing to pay more for credits. Biogas scores high on this Sustainable
Development matrix due to the many social benefits.
Carbon finance helps biogas projects because it can reduce investment and operational barriers.
Monitoring carbon emissions can guarantee the operation of the biogas digester in the long term, and
more than half of all biogas credits are in the voluntary scheme.
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4.2 Parallel Sessions
4.2.1 The roles and potential responsibilities of Biogas Associations and other private sector
initiatives
How can such initiatives be financially sustainable?
Facilitator: Ms Nguyen Thi To Uyen
1. Mr Keshav Goela -Principal
Coordinator, Indian Biogas
Association: Biogas in India – an Intense
Opportunity
IBA was founded in 2011 and is now
fast developing with the prime objective of
the association Propagating biogas in a
sustainable way. IBA is facing many
challenges including Finance, Technical
concerns, Social engineering, Costs,
Policy issues, and Energy Management
In the Indian Biogas scenario there is a scattered market which lacks an experienced and skilled
workforce and has no established player at national level. Supply chain management needs to be
streamlined and more active government intervention is required. In addition a different approach is
needed for SME scale biogas plant promotion while there is insufficient promotion of organic crops.
The biggest project of IBA, Project Uniqueness: Bhitbhudrak model showed the importance of social
engineering at village level along with technology to make biogas a success using simple and yet
robust. The 2500 meter pipeline in the village provides with a clean and consistent source of energy
for cooking. The project has improved economics of village; improved health and hygiene; provided
smoke free atmosphere in kitchens; creates a cleaner environment in to village and empowers
women.
2. Mr M A Gofran, Consultant Biogas Program Bangladesh: Role of Biogas Associations in
Developing a Sustainable Market Driven Biogas Sector
Some problems with existing bio-digesters include: unable to be moved if required; high cost of
construction; takes 10-15 days to construct; dependent on skilled manpower; cannot install during
monsoon; construction faults result in significant failure rates; and sub-soil water creates problem
Challenges the BBDF is facing are: lack of policy; insufficient knowledge; lack of funds; shortage of
manpower; inadequate R&D; high costs; negative attitudes; and lack of coordination
Some solutions: Establish a common platform of stakeholders and experts at country level and inter-
country level; Draw attention of all towards the importance of biogas technology and need for these
platforms; Identify best practices at home and abroad and share experiences; Identify and support
local initiatives; Establish a central information centre and ensure availability; Negotiate sharing of
internal and international resources to achieve common objectives
Financial Sustainability of Associations will come from a combination of: Members’ contributions; 2.
Sharing national budget; Sharing donors’ support; Sharing project costs
3. Mr Bishnu Belbase, Executive Director, Nepal Biogas Promotion Association: Roles &
Responsibilities of Nepal’s Biogas Private Sector and its Association
NBPA is a Non-Government, Non-Profit Organization established in 1994. As the umbrella
organization of private biogas construction companies and appliances manufacturing workshops.
There are 7 regional offices of NBPA and member companies cover all districts of the country building
25,000–30,000 new biogas plants annually.
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Services to the members are: Biogas promotion to expand the market; Public relations, lobbying and
advocacy; Self-Regulation through Code of Conduct; Support on Quality management; Demand
based technical support & capacity development; Support to companies to import appliances or
accessories; and serving as the interface with government and the biogas program.
Main Focus Areas: The Code of Conduct (CoC) is for the establishment of healthy competition
between the companies; R&D; After Sale Service (ASS) and Supply of Appliances
NBPA financing comes from membership and other sources as well as revenue from partnership in
program implementation.
4. Ms Nguyen Thi To Uyen, Business Development Coordinator, VBA: About the Vietnam Biogas
Association
The VBA was established in April 2011 and plays a role as the professional biogas association in Viet
Nam. It represents enterprises, institutions and individuals; promotes the biogas sector to
government, business, industry and the community; provides networking, knowledge sharing and
skills development; and currently has 57 financial members
Member benefits include a range of personal rights, professional development opportunities as well
as standards and certification:
Factors that will support the financial sustainability of the VBA: build financial membership and to
increase revenue from fees; develop projects e.g. surveys, new biogas models that might attract
funding; bid for contracts and tenders; participate in the CDM market; participate in the
environmental service market; and contribution from centres belonging to VBA
5. Summary
Roles and responsibilities of Biogas Associations
1. Promote Public Private Partnerships, brokering links between government, enterprises and finance
providers;
2. Address specific objectives – quality standards, technology transfer, networking, shared learning
platforms;
3. Members should enjoy significant benefits over time from value-adding services provided; and
4. Promote regional platform for synergies amongst national biogas associations.
Financial sustainability for Biogas Associations
1. Become the valued service provider linking government and private sector entities;
2. Facilitate delivery of valued training, information dissemination and knowledge sharing
opportunities;
3. Secure commitment of stakeholders with paid, continually renewed membership;
4. Partner with donors to facilitate program delivery.
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4.2.2 Micro-scale Biogas Solutions – What are the current developments?
1. Micro-scale Biogas Solutions in Vietnam – Ms Ho Thi Lan Huong –Institute of Energy; Vietnam
Biogas Association
Challenge: Target poorer households with low demand for biogas for cooking and lighting; Ability
to pay is low
Solution: Micro-biodigester + Material for construction / installation + Low investment + Simple in
operation and maintenance + Multi-substrate as feeding material
Technologies (R&D phase):
Plug-flow with biofilm digester (4 cm); PVC or composite; Substrate can be waste water from
livestock or food processing
FOV model (1-2 cm); Rubber, technical canvas/cloth; Food waste/kitchen waste + Piece of
vegetable, roots, fruits....
Localize FOV model (1 cm); hard plastic; food waste and pig manure
2. Innovation in Cambodia – Mr Eric Buysman, SNV Cambodia
National biogas program is increasingly reaching the poorer farmers
There is a trickle-down effect
Average volume is decreasing (6.3 m3 in 2006 to 4.7 m3 in 2012
More scope for smaller plants
Low plant utilization ratio (~50 to 75%)
Main design criteria
Small(er) (2,3 and 4 m3) for daily feeding of 10 to 40 kg/day
40 days HRT
More affordable than current design
Durable (lifespan over 10 years)
Technologies (R&D phase): pre-fabricated reinforce concrete rings (RCF) floating drum and manhole;
and plastic bag biodigesters
3. Micro-scale Biogas Solutions in India – Mr Choppalli Venkata Krishna, Creat, India
Models being installed are:
Swati 2 in 1 Model Fixed Dome Biogas Plant (1 & 2 m3/day size)
Gareeb Bandhu (Pro Poor) Fixed Dome Biogas Plant (Pre-fabricated reinforced concrete rings)
Micro-scale designs have been conceived to generate gas starting with 18 kg dung per day as feed
stock up to 50 kg dung per day.
They are designed to be affordable to the poor, with greater ease of construction and quicker
instruction. All components are ready made, pre-tested and pre-cured eliminating all the possible
errors a mason can make with on-site construction so they are cheaper than conventional designs
and more functional, but are guaranteed for 5 years.
4. FOV Biogas – Swedish Cleantech – Mr Fredrik Johansson, FOV Sweden
Technology: Bag biodigester industrially prefabricated of advanced materials in Sweden
Lightweight and foldable
Durable and of high quality
Highest Quality Cutting-edge reactor design ensuring uninterrupted production
Supported by local service providers
Installation, optimization and maintenance by local experts
Unique Scalability
Customizable with different sizes and scale-up scenarios
Cost Effectiveness
Quick & easy installation = 1 day
Durability > 10 years with reliable gas production and payback time < 3 - 5 years
Household Reactor: Do-it-yourself kit available
www.fovbiogas.com
Summary
Focus is on more affordable and appropriate technology for poorer households
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Advancements to existing models based on new materials for higher quality/reliability
Pre-fabrication of parts means easier construction and less time to install
Simple operation is key as capacity of poor to operate and maintain is low
4.2.3 Innovations in domestic and productive scale biogas
Facilitator: Mr Elmar Elbling, ADB
In this session there were 4 planned and one unplanned but welcome presentations on several innovative
concepts in the biogas sector in Asia.
1. Mr Ichiro Nakano and Pierre Flamand, Japan Sanitation Consortium
This presentation was focused on the introduction and application of biogas systems in Japan with a
sanitation focus to it. A development that is also stimulated through the introduction of a Feed-In-Tariff
(since July 2012) for biogas to electricity. The growth of the development of the waste water plant sector
goes hand-in-hand with the general economic development of Japan. Currently there are about 2200
waste water treatment plants in Japan of which 280 plants have an anaerobic digestion system for sludge
(methane fermentation) and 40 of these plants generate power using digestion gas. In the presentation
several examples of such plants, their sizes and their biogas production are shown.
The biogas is used for power generation by gas engine, for heat utilization for boilers (hot water boiler,
steam boiler for heating, washing, bathing, showering, cooking, etc.) and it is purified (methane gas)
for use in vehicles, gas stoves, cooking etc.
The Japan Sanitation Consortium (JSC) consists of 5 of the main expert organizations nationwide
involved in the management and regulation of wastewater, sludge and septage in Japan (on-site and
off-site sanitation). JSC aims to utilize Japan’s expertise in sanitation as well as success stories and
valuable experiences from other countries to offer a wide range of solutions and management strategies
for sanitation improvement in the Asia-Pacific region.
2. Mr Thammarat Koottatep, AIT, Case studies from anaerobic digester for faecal sludge treatment.
This presentation has as a theme Faecal Sludge Treatment (FST) and its potential for biogas production,
with some lessons learned from Thailand. Mr. Koottatep provides an overview of FST in Thailand, clearly
indicating several of the problems faced like the fact that 88% of collected FS are illegally dumped to
agricultural areas, emptying space or water streams or the fact that when treated some other problems
occur:
Lack of operation and maintenance
Effluent quality from is lower than the effluent standard
Helminth larvae and eggs are likely present in dried sludge from sand drying bed
There are in total 52 FST plants in Thailand.
Some results from lab-scale experiments that were part of a study on potential of biogas production by
anaerobic digester are presented.
3. Mr Taif ul Islam, IFC, Medium Scale biogas to Electricity in Bangladesh
Mr. Taif presents to use some results of a project that was initiated after the Bangladeshi Poultry Sector
took a massive hit by the Avian Influenza (AI) outbreak in 2007. Many poultry farms went out of business
and the sector lost much of its attractiveness to the investors. Before the outbreak the size of the
industry was about USD2 Billion a year and about 150,000 SME farms this was only 50% after the
outbreak. Currently the sector holds more than 120,000 small and medium poultry farms employing 5
million people.
The project focusses on two parts:
1. Demand creation – developing market for clean energy
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2. Developing/streamlining the supply chain - Working with and through stakeholders (specially
private sector)
The key steps to reach this were summarized as following:
1. Awareness raising for farmers
2. Identification of technical and local service providers
3. Access to finance
4. Design, construction and commissioning
Some technical analysis, and potential project sizes are presented linked to their investments. The
impacts are 152 commercial waste to energy plants so far, 1,2million USD investment facilitated, more
than 12 commercial banks are financing biogas based energy plants, and over 15,000 farmers and SMEs
are reached through awareness raising
Events.
The aim now is to further scale up the project and create a stronger focus on the extension part of the
project (organic fertilizer). To be able to reach these new aims a few challenges need to be addressed:
Most of the farms are small in size; aggregation model needs to be developed to expand the
scope
SME service providers are not yet self-reliant; more capacity development and linkages are
needed
Better waste management policy for farming to be introduced
Coordination between different donor/implementing agencies are needed
Motivation for financial intermediaries
4. Mr Ratana Kep, People in Need, Private sector after sales service
Mr. Kep presented to the participants a brief overview of how PIN supports NBP and the local biogas
construction companies in Cambodia in building a viable biodigester sector. There is a strong focus on
local technicians (LT) that support the enterprises (BCC) in improving their service through after sales
services. This increases the lifetime of a plant, the satisfaction levels of the end-users and the general
trust of the market in the product “biogas technology”. The After Sales Service Points (ASSP) are
supported by PIN through training and refreshers, coaching, maintenance tools, subsidized stock of
spare parts, contact cards, promotion leaflets, biogas promotion and materials.
5. Suman Shakya, Rooster Logic
Research and Monitoring Software (REMO) is a product of Rooster Logic which opens a new frontier on
how surveys can be conducted. REMO is a smartphone enabled software wherein survey can be created
and modified on the go. It could be used for example for carbon monitoring surveys for biogas digesters
in the field. The data is aggregated in the central server as soon as the person gets online, the results
are converted into Info Graphics. REMO can geo tag and take photographs along with collection of data.
4.2.4 The evolution of Microfinance initiatives in biogas sector development, now and in the
future.
Facilitator: Mr Sanjeeve Tamhane, FACET Program (UNEP)
There were four presentations on microfinance for biogas. Three of these provided a country overview
of microfinance and biogas financing while the fourth presentation was on wholesale finance available to
MFIs.
1. Cambodia - Mr Vanna Ry, PRASAC Cambodia
The presentation covered Cambodia biogas digesters financing program including main terms of
financing from PRASAC, steps associated with loan approval and disbursements, achievements and
challenges being faced. PRASAC microfinance works in association with National Biogas Program (NBP)
implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Cambodia with support
from the Netherlands Development Organization (SNV). PRASAC MFI signed MoU with NBP for providing
financial assistance to end-users (mainly from rural areas) to procure biogas digesters. PRASAC has
28
received green financing from FMO to provide loans to the Cambodian rural end-users help procure
biogas digesters.
End-users in Cambodia receive a subsidy of USD 150 and PRASAC provides loan @1.2% per month
(14.4% p.a.). Loan approval and disbursement process is aligned with NBP process and has about 6
steps; on average the borrower receives a loan within 10 days. As of September 2013 PRASAC had
provided finance for more than 6,700 biogas plants and disbursed total loans of USD 4.13 m.
Some of the challenges faced by PRASAC result from a variety of socioeconomic factors such as animals
are being replaced by tractors, farming is not the choice of young persons, and electricity is readily
available in many areas and it is cheaper to get a new connection than to invest in a biogas digester.
PRASAC proposes to address these challenges through different measures which include effective
promotion and awareness raising.
2. Bhutan – Mr Karma T Dorji, Bhutan Development Bank Limited
A broad perspective was given on Bhutan Development Bank Limited (BDBL). Established in 1988, BDBL
is the only development bank in Bhutan to facilitate Bhutan government’s economic policies in industry
and agriculture sectors. Bhutan also has commercial banks, non-banking financial institutions and the
Royal Securities Exchange of Bhutan. The Royal Monetary Authority (RMA) acts as the central bank
which regulates the financial sector. There is no separate regulation for microfinance in Bhutan. However,
it is likely that RMA will endorse the financial inclusive policy (microfinance policy).
Bhutan faces several challenges in respect of microfinance business including:
High transaction and operational costs
Lower recovery rates
Lower population density as well as difficult terrain resulting in
Inadequate infrastructure/ logistical challenges
Inadequate entrepreneurship and lower financial literacy
BDBL microfinance provides savings and deposit services. Average microfinance loan size is BTN 63,000
(about USD 1,000). BDBL has a micro insurance scheme and has also provided a cooperative loan. BDBL
officers reach out to its customers in all 205 blocks (called Geogs). BDBL provides loans for biogas
digesters in association with MoAF.
3. Bangladesh – Mr T.I.M. Rawshan Zaheed, Trust Bank Limited, Bangladesh
This presentation provided an overview of the integrated approach of the Trust Bank to financing dairy
farmers. While Bangladesh has reserves of natural gas, there is a gap of 503 million cubic feet per day
(MMcfd) of gas. This gap results from the total demand for gas of 2500 MMcfd and supply of 1997 MMcfd
of gas. Strategies to minimize this gap of gas supply also include setting up biogas plants in rural areas
and introducing bio-fuels as an alternative energy.
Trust Bank of Bangladesh has a mission to bring the non-banking population into the banking network
through low cost and technology based service delivery. Trust Bank microfinance provides financial
services to low income clients including self-employed persons. The bank has so far financed about 1488
biogas digesters with total disbursements amounting to USD 5.4 m. The presentation outlined the
inclusive approach to financing all elements related to biogas digesters including cows, cow-shed and
operating expenses / working capital. The revenue evaluation considers sale of milk and bio-slurry
separately from the use of biogas.
Trust Bank undertakes direct and indirect marketing to develop new business and at the same time has
adequate screening criteria to identify credit-worthy borrowers. The integrated biogas loan has a tenure
of 3 years and is provided @10% p.a. if refinancing from Bangladesh Bank (Central Bank) is available.
Bangladesh is the leader in microfinance with 8 million borrowers and cumulative disbursement of USD
1,364 m. The average repayment rate is 95% and interest rates vary from 8% to 20%. Trust bank has
an ambitious target to provide financing for 10,000 biogas digesters by 2015.
29
4. Blue Orchard Finance (BOF) – Mr Normunds Mizis
The presentation provided and overview of the considerations of wholesale finance to the biogas sector.
The biogas sector in Asia receives financing from the government sector in the form of a subsidy,
international development programs and commercial credit. Key concerns about accessing finance for
the biogas sector include interest rate, loan tenure/repayment terms, security/collateral and
performance requirements. Financing of the biogas sector needs specific and committed national policy
and strategy, technology and human resources on the supply side and credit to address the demand
side. The presentation provided information on Blue Orchard Microfinance Fund (BOMF), Microfinance
Initiative for Asia (MIFA) Debt Fund and Microfinance Enhancement Facility (MEF).
BOMF is a global open ended fund investing in debt instruments with a maximum maturity of three years
issued by microfinance institutions (MFIs) offering access to financial services to low-income groups
often unserved by mainstream banks, thus enabling them to develop and grow income-generating
activities.
Microfinance Initiative for Asia (MIFA) Debt Fund is a USD 100 million facility that increases access to
finance to micro-borrowers and low-income households in the Asia region. It offers market-based debt
financing (local currency and sub-debt available) to MFIs serving micro businesses with a focus on
reaching smaller and less developed MFIs, including TA for capacity building of MFIs. MIFA biogas
component expected to be launched in 2014. MIFA expects to invest at least USD 6 m in biogas loans
through MFIs in at least three countries in South/South East Asia.
Microfinance Enhancement Facility (MEF) is a USD 500 million facility that supports microfinance
institutions facing difficulties obtaining financing as a result of the global financial crisis and ensures that
low-income borrowers in developing countries continue to have access to finance.
Price for wholesale loans to micro finance institutions (MFI) depends upon:
Margin expected by investors
Country risk premium
Credit Risk Premium
Cost of hedging (for local currency loans) and
Risk free rate of return.
Parameters for MFI risk assessment include governance, risk appetite, credit policies and procedures,
asset and liability management, operational efficiency and other external factors.
Evaluation of MFIs by BOMF includes assessment of financial and institutional performance in five
categories as follows:
Corporate governance
Strategy: evaluated based on the growth, infrastructure and risk tolerance.
Risk positioning: internal and external risks
Capital adequacy: capitalization level and trends and
Financial and operational performance
5. Discussion, conclusions and recommendations of the group:
The group felt that subsidy support needs to be removed gradually to achieve sustainable market
dynamics.
Subsidies help to develop the market during the initial years of a program and create awareness of the
product/technology. They also help facilitate Quality control.
The group recommended the following:
New financing models such as financing through intermediaries (such as co-operatives) should be
explored.
A joint promotion by stakeholder organisations and effective communication will play important role
in promoting financing of biogas digesters. Hence these aspects need to be carefully managed.
30
4.3 Closing session
4.3.1 Update on E4ALL Working Group on Domestic Biogas
Mr Zuzhang Xia, Energy Access Specialist, Energy for All
Partnership, ADB
Mr Xia said that the main objectives of the E4ALL working
group are:
Knowledge and information sharing regarding policy
advocacy;
Networking and collaboration on cost reduction and
performance improvement; and
Up scaling and replicating good practices.
The working group on biogas aims to facilitate the
dissemination of 1 million biogas plants by 2016 and contribute to sustainable market based biogas
sectors.
In 2013 the group completed a pilot with prefabricated fibreglass biogas plants; carried out a study on
bioslurry use; and performed several carbon finance activities. The group also published a book on
domestic biogas in China and a report on the workshop in Chengdu.
During the coming year the group will give on-site training for fibreglass biogas plant production and
installation, execute quality assurance activities for composite plants and evaluate and assess pilot and
demonstration projects for biogas. The aims of this work include extending the value chain for biogas
systems; delivering social services to biogas user households; and working with medium scale biogas
and carbon finance.
Finally the group will also initiate biogas programs in Sri Lanka and Myanmar and organise the 6th
International Biogas Workshop.
4.3.2 Introducing the Global Alliance on Productive Biogas (GAPB)
Mr Remco Stappershoef, Consultant, Energy & Enterprise Development, ETC Foundation –
Representing the Alliance.
Mr Stappershoef indicated that there is a need for strengthening the supply chain for productive biogas
by creating demand and awareness. The GAPB aims to alleviate poverty and contribute to a sustainable
economy by providing people with productive biogas.
The GAPB works on:
• Knowledge exchange through forums & working groups;
• Making documentation available via open source online library;
• Knowledge generation in working groups: R&D topics, system monitoring and optimization, as well as
training materials;
• Awareness raising, matchmaking and organizing sector events through coordinating bodies;
• Advocacy: influencing international and national policy makers via boards and ambassadors;
• Resource mobilization through donor agencies and financial institutions.
31
ANNEX 1 Factsheet Domestic Biogas Program Field Visit
The Biogas Program for the Animal Husbandry Sector of Vietnam was initiated in 2003 by SNV with
support of the Vietnamese and Dutch governments. With technical assistance from SNV, it is implemented by
the Biogas Project Division (BPD), which is under the Department of Livestock and Production (DLP), Ministry
of Agricultural and Rural Development (MARD). By the time of the Workshop, approximately 140,000 biogas
plants have been constructed and over 800 technicians and 1,400 biogas mason team leaders have been trained.
Each team leader has an average of 5 to 7 masons working with him/her on the construction of the biogas
digesters.
With an average size of 11.5 m3the biogas digesters constructed under the program provide a manure
management system for the farmers as well as a source of clean and free energy for the family. The average
investment for the 11.5 m3 digester is 550 USD per digester of which a subsidy of only 60 USD is provided by
the program. This means that the farmer on average contributes about 90% of the total investment! In Vietnam,
farmers predominantly raise pigs whose waste is more polluting than cow or buffalo manure. The biogas
digesters create a cleaner and healthier environment for the farmers and for their neighbours. The Vietnam
program has been part of SNV’s broader Asia Biogas Program, and is currently funded by the EnDev Energising
Development (2013 – 2017), the Blue Moon Fund (2013-2014) and the sales of Voluntary Gold Standard Credits
(VERs) – the program has been registered as a carbon project since 2012.
Today you will be visiting one farms of the program and some basic data is shown below. Feel free to ask any
question that comes into your mind! Please note that as we are staying close to Hanoi for the field visit so your
visit will be to a farmer in a relatively well-off area compared to the rural and remote areas that the program
also works in. So even though the farm gives a great indication of our program, it does not automatically
represent all our digesters constructed, or the average farm in Vietnam.
Name of the Farmer Mr Tran Van Toan
Current location is Phu Lang, Que Vo, BacNinh
Size of the digester 15 m3
The digester was constructed in March 2012
The total investment of the digester was Around 12,000,000 VND = 600 USD = 450 EURO
This included a cookstove costing Around 700,000 VND = 35 USD = 27 EURO, he also shares the biogas with his neighbours.
Subsidy received by Mr Toan was 1,200,000 VND ≈ 60 USD ≈ 45 Euro ≈ 10%
Mr Toan uses the bio-slurry for Feeding his fish, for watering and as fertilizer for the garden
32
ANNEX 2 Factsheet Medium Scale Biogas Field Visit
With more than 20,000 medium-sized pig farms and this sector growing with an annual rate of 10%, Vietnam has
identified the improper disposal of pig waste by farmers as a rising environmental and health hazard for the country.
It is estimated that 6 million tons of CO2eq are released annually by medium-scale pig farmers as a result of an estimated 73 million tons of pig waste disposed improperly into ponds, channels and sewerage (Figure 1) or merely left to decay in fields each year. This lack of proper disposal is associated with growing water, land and air pollution. Samples of wastewater taken from pig farms indicate that about 90% of them fail to meet national standards, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels (BPD, 2009) as well as e-coli being of greatest concern. The traditional disposal of pig waste is impacting on water sanitation with important health impacts, particularly in densely populated areas.
Biogas technology, by offering a solution to manage pig manure, is a solution to prevent these environmental and
health challenges. From an environmental standpoint especially, biogas systems can offer multiple benefits: while reducing the reliance of medium scale pig farmers on fossil and other traditional fuels, biogas systems can also build their resilience to climate change by making them less dependent on external commodities subject to price volatility, and help them reduce their use of synthetic fertilizers and the embedded CO2 emissions generated by their farming activities. Through fossil fuel substitution and proper waste treatment, it is estimated that the construction of medium-scale biogas digesters could reduce overall levels of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in Vietnam by an estimated 250 tCO2 per year per digester.
Medium-scale biogas digesters can
provide answers for two of the demands of pig farmers, namely the demand for animal waste treatment and the demand for energy provision. Due to restricted knowledge and technology, medium and large-scale
biogas plants have not been successfully or widely developed in Vietnam. It is estimated that less than 1% of the medium and large scale pig farms are presently served by anaerobic digestion systems.
In view of their already well-developed
domestic biogas program, SNV were
encouraged by the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development
(MARD) to explore solutions to the negative issues associated with the expanding medium-sized farming sector,
possibly through an extension of SNV’s existing activities. The effects of pig farming on water and air pollution
have indeed become an important concern for the Government, and are seen as a potential threat to the
development of the economically crucial pig sector. While the recycling and reuse of organic waste in farming
activities are highly promoted at state level, biogas technologies present an additional opportunity by replacing
extensively used nitrogenous –chemical – fertilizers with organic fertilizers in the form of bioslurry and sludge
from biogas plants, resulting in greater agricultural productivity and safety.
A consortium was thus formed, consisting of the Institute of Energy (IE),
the Green Energy Consultancy Investment and Trading Joint Stock
Company (GECI), the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and SNV
Vietnam, who all recognised the need to support the market through the
creation of greater access to an affordable waste management solution
called Biogas Technology. The project was financially supported by the
EEP Mekong facility, alongside contributions from all the partners
involved.
Open pond of a medium scale farm releasing methane and over-flowing into a public irrigation canal. The ‘before biogas’ situation of Mr. Tran Van Quang's Farm Bac Ninh province.
33
The members of the consortium have chosen to focus on a further deployment of a design developed and already
implemented by IE, a low-cost plug flow biogas system that can be built with locally available materials. For the
10 demonstration digesters built under the first phase of the project, the partners developed several selection
criteria, the most important of which are listed here:
Focus on farms with 500–1500 pigs and/or 1000–4000 kg/day of manure available for collection, with the collected amount corresponding to >90% of the manure produced.
Focus on a province with high potential for scaling-up after the project
Space availability
Considering that the chosen farms may be pioneers and models of good practice for the region – right
attitude of the farmer
Opportunity and willingness for optimal use of biogas and bioslurry
The ability of the farmer to contribute the majority of the total investment
Today you will be visiting one of the demonstration farms of the program. To avoid all people asking the same
question we have prepared some basic data below. Feel free to ask any questions that come into your mind!
Name of the Farmer Ms Trinh Thi My
Location Phu Lang hamlet – Phu Luong commune – Que Vo district – Bac
Ninh Province, Vietnam
Number of farm staff 7 people, of which 4 are female
Digester volume 200 m3
Number of animals Pigs only, nearly 40 Sows and more than 320 fattening pigs
Estimated amount of manure 1025 kg/day
Average electricity use >2,000 kWh/month
Electricity price (average) 1400 VND/kWh (6,6cUSD or 5c€)
Total costs therefore Around 3,000,000 VND/month (150 USD or 100€)
Generator size 5 kW
Generator investment 15 million VND
Investment excluding generator 212,000,000 VND (10,000 USD or 7,500 €)
Expected payback time Between 8 and 10 years
34
ANNEX 3 - Workshop Agenda
WORKSHOP AGENDA
International Workshop on Small- and Medium-Scale
Biogas
The Evolution of Public-Private Partnerships to Accelerate
The Development of Commercial Biogas Sectors
26-28 NOVEMBER 2013, HANOI, VIETNAM
Monday, 25 November 2013
Timeslot Activity Speaker / organiser
10.00 –
24.00
Arrival of participants at Airport Mr Hung
12.00 –
22.00
Registration and information at Hotel Ms Uyen, Ms Quyen, Ms Katrina
Tuesday, 26 November 2013
Timeslot Activity Speaker / organiser
08.00 –
08.45 Participant registration VBA + PMU
08.45 –
08.50 Introduction to the workshop
Ms Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet,
Coordinator, National Biogas Program,
Vietnam
Plenary Session: Opening Ms Nguyet
08.50 –
09.00 Opening Address
Mr Tran Kim Long, Head of
Department of International
Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development (MARD)
09.00 –
09.10
Opening remarks – Introducing the 10
year celebration of Vietnam – Netherlands
Cooperation on household biogas in
Vietnam
Mr Job Runhaar, Embassy of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands in Vietnam
09.10 –
09.20 Opening remarks from ADB
Mr Elmar Elbling, Energy Specialist,
Asian Development Bank, Philippines
35
09.20 –
09.30
Address by Director of the National Biogas
Program for the Animal Husbandry Sector
in Vietnam
Dr Hoang Kim Giao, Advisor to the
Minister of Agriculture & Rural
Development (MARD) and Director of
the National Biogas Program
09.30 –
09.45
Opening remarks from SNV –The
evolution of the biogas program and the
cooperation in Vietnam 2003-2013;
Launch of the Jubilee Book
Mr Miguel Méndez, Country Director
SNV Vietnam
09.45 –
10.30
Group Picture
BREAK
Plenary Session: Biogas Market Development in Vietnam Dagmar
10.30 –
10.40 Overview of the workshop program
Ms Dagmar Zwebe, Renewable
Energy Sector Leader, SNV Vietnam
10.40 –
11.00
10 years of the Biogas Program for the
Animal Husbandry Sector in Vietnam -
The results so far
Ms Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet,
National Biogas Program
11.00 –
11.20
Opportunities and Challenges in the way
forward with the National Biogas Program
– Biogas in Vietnam Phase 3
Ms Dagmar Zwebe, SNV Vietnam
11.20 –
11.40
ADB’s support to the Vietnam Biogas
Sector
Biogas activities in the ADB's financed
Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project.
MSc Nguyen The Hinh, Vice-Director
General & Director of Low Carbon
Agriculture Support Project,
Agriculture Project Management
Board, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development
11.40 –
12.00
Medium Scale Biogas - An overview of
local technologies being implemented
Ms Ho Thi Lan Huong, Institute of
Energy
12.00 –
13.30
LUNCH and EXPO
Parallel Session: Public-Private Partnerships – Evolution over time
13.30 –
13.40
Short introduction to the purpose of the
afternoon
Ms Katrina Hergstrom, Advisor,
Vietnam Biogas Association
13.40 –
15.15
Discussion exploring the challenges and
opportunities as the biogas sector
becomes more commercial and less
reliant on government and ODA.
Country groups – Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India,
Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, Vietnam,
Africa and others.
15.15 –
15.45 BREAK
Plenary Session: Public-Private Partnerships Katrina
15.45 –
17.30
5 minute presentations on the outcomes
of the parallel sessions, followed by
discussions.
Representatives from each country
group;
+ SwedishCENTEC
18.00 –
20.00
DINNER
Wednesday, 27 November 2013
Field Visit – Two alternative routes
Time Group 1 & 2 Time Group 3 & 4
08:00 Depart Candeo Hotel 08:00 Depart Candeo Hotel
36
09:30 Visit Medium Scale Brick biogas
installation 09:00
Visit Hung Vuong Composite
Biogas Manufacturer
10:45 Visit KT1 Domestic Biogas
installation 11:45 LUNCH – BAC NINH
12:00 LUNCH – BAC NINH 13:15 Depart Restaurant
13:30 Depart restaurant 13:45
Visit Medium Scale Brick biogas
installation
15:00 Visit Hung Vuong Composite
Biogas Manufacturer 15:00 Visit KT1 Domestic Biogas
installation
16:00 Travel back to Hanoi 15:45 Travel back to Hanoi
17:00 Arrive at Candeo Hotel 17:00 Arrive at Candeo Hotel
FREE PROGRAM FREE PROGRAM
Thursday, 28 November 2013
Timeslot Activity Speaker / organiser
8.30 – 8.35 Introduction to the day’s program Ms Dagmar Zwebe, SNV Vietnam
Plenary Session: Financial mechanisms, opportunities and incentives Dagmar
8.35 – 8.55
NAMA developments for Biogas in
Vietnam
What can this practically mean for
Vietnam and the Vietnamese private
sector?
Mr Nguyen Trong Hung, DMHCC,
Division of GHG Emission Monitoring
and Low Carbon Economy, Vietnam
8.55 – 9.15
Impact Finance
How can this directly support projects and
private sector?
Mr Ingo Puhl, South Pole Carbon
Asset Management Limited
*Mr Puhl was unable to attend
9.15 – 9.35
Results Based Financing
What does it mean for project
implementation and management
Mr Marco Huels, Energy Advisor,
EnDev Program, GIZ, Germany
9.35 – 9.55 Carbon Markets
What does the future hold?
Ms Annyta Luo Qun, Technical
Expert, Gold Standard Foundation,
China
Parallel Session: Special interest topics
9.55 –
10.00 Logistics for the session Ms Dagmar Zwebe, SNV Vietnam
10.00 –
12.00
4 speakers
X
4 countries
X
15-20 minutes
…………
Discussion
+
Parallel Session 1.
The roles and potential responsibilities of
Biogas Associations and other private
sector initiatives.
How can such initiatives be financially
sustainable?
Moderator: Ms Uyen, VBA Vietnam
1. Mr Keshav Goela, Indian Biogas
Association
2. Mr Abdur Gofran, Bangladesh
Biogas Development Foundation
3. Mr Bishnu Belbase, Nepal Biogas
Promotion Association
4. Mr Le Hung Quoc, Vietnam Biogas
Association
Parallel Session 2.
Micro-scale Biogas Solutions –
What are the current developments?
Moderator: Mr Jason Steele, SNV
Cambodia
1. Ms Ho Thi Lan Huong Institute of
Energy, Vietnam
2. Mr Eric Buysman, SNV Cambodia
3. Mr Choppalli Venkata Krishna,
Creat, India
4. Mr Fredrik Johansson, FOV,
Sweden
37
Questions
+
Presentation
preparation
40-60 minutes
Parallel Session 3.
Innovations in domestic and productive
scale biogas
Moderator: Mr Elmar Elbling, ADB
1. Mr Ichiro Nakano, Biogas in
sanitation
2. Mr Thammarat Koottatep, Case
studies from anaerobic digester for
faecal sludge treatment,
3. Mr Taif ul Islam, Medium Scale
biogas to electricity
4. Mr Ratana Kep, Private sector
after sales service
Parallel Session 4.
The evolution of Microfinance initiatives in
biogas sector development, now and in
the future
Moderator: Mr Sanjeev Tamhane,
FACET
6. Mr T.I.M. Rawshan Zadeed,
Trust Bank Limited, Bangladesh
7. Mr Vanna Ry, PRASAC Cambodia
8. Mr Normunds Mizis, Blue Orchard
9. Mr Karma T Dorji, Bhutan
Development Bank Limited
12.00 –
13.30
LUNCH
Plenary Session: Reporting and closing Ms Uyen
13.30 –
15.00
Presentation of conclusions of the parallel
sessions ~10 minutes each followed by
questions.
Representatives of each of the
groups
15.00 –
15.15
Update on E4ALL Working Group on
Domestic Biogas
Mr Zuzhang Xia,
Energy Access Specialist, Energy for All
Partnership, ADB
15.15 –
15.25
Introducing the
Global Alliance on Productive Biogas
Mr Remco Stappershoef,
Consultant, Energy & Enterprise
Development, ETC Foundation –
Representing the Alliance.
15.25 –
15.40 Workshop evaluation All Participants
15.40 –
16.00 Closing the workshop and saying farewell Ms Dagmar Zwebe, SNV Vietnam
WORKSHOP FINISHES 16:00 THURSDAY 28 NOVEMBER 2013
38
ANNEX 4 – Participant list
Name Organisation Job Title email address
From Bangladesh:
Mr Md. Abdur Gofran Grameen Bank/Bangladesh Biogas
Development Foundation Biogas Consultant/ BBDFPresident [email protected]
Mr T.I.M. Rawshan
Zadeed Trust Bank Limited
Senior Vice President, Head of SME & Green
Banking, [email protected]
Mr Asif Hasan Infrastructure Development
Company Limited (IDCOL) Relationship Officer, Biogas Program [email protected]
Mr Redwanoor Rahman
BulBul
Rahman Renewable Energy
Company Managing Director,
Mr Muhammad Taif Ul
Islam
International Finance Corporation
IFC
Associate Operations Officer, Advisory
Services in South Asia [email protected]
Mr Md Mahafuzul Islam
PK
Masum Bio-gas Engineering
System (MBES) Design & Construction Supervisor [email protected]
Mr Md Mahobul Islam Practical Action Senior Environment Officer, Energy and
Urban Services [email protected]
From Bhutan:
Mr Chhimi Dorji Department of Renewable Energy
(DRE)
Executive Engineer, Research &
Development [email protected]
Mr Dorji Gyaltshen Bhutan Biogas Project Project Manager, [email protected]
Mr Karma Thinley Dorji Bhutan Development Bank Limited
(BTBL) Deputy General Manager [email protected]
Mr Tashi Dorji Department of Livestock Officiating Dỉrector General [email protected]
Mr Prakash Ghimire SNV Bhutan Renewable Energy Advisor [email protected]
Mr Sonam Phuntsho Bhutan Biogas Project Assistant Project Manager [email protected]
Mr Khatiwora Nar
Bahadur SNV Bhutan Renewable Energy Advisor [email protected]
From Cambodia
Mr Kim Savoeun Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries Director, Agriculture Department, [email protected]
Mrs Lam Saoleng National Biodigester Program Program Coordinator [email protected]
Mr Kong Sambon National Biodigester Program Private Sector Office [email protected]
39
Mr Ry Vanna PRASAC MFI Manager, Credit Department [email protected]
Mr Julian Burgos People in Need (PIN) Livelihoods & Environment Program Manager [email protected]
Mr Ratana Kep People in Need (PIN) Biogas Project Coordinator [email protected]
Mr Jason Steele SNV Cambodia Renewable Energy Sector Leader [email protected]
Mr Eric Buijsman SNV / NEXUS Independent Consultant [email protected]
Mr Normunds Mizis Blue Orchard Finance SA Regional Manager, Eurasia [email protected]
Ms Jo Hazelwood Nexus-Carbon for Development Alliance Manager [email protected]
From China:
Mr Li Jingming Ministry of Agriculture Director [email protected]
Mr Xia Zuzhang Energy for All / ADB Energy Access Specialist [email protected]
Mr Zhang Zhichu
Chizhou Xinye Ecological Energy
Resources Co. Ltd., Anhui
Province
Chairman of the Board [email protected]
Mr Wang Yiming
Chizhou Xinye Ecological Energy
Resources Co. Ltd., Anhui
Province
Senior Consultant and Translator [email protected]
Ms Annyta Luo Qun Gold Standard Foundation Technical Expert [email protected]
From Ethiopia:
Ms Jane Adisu SNV Ethiopia WASH Sector Leader [email protected]
From Germany:
Mr Marco Huels EnDev Program, GIZ Energy Advisor [email protected]
Mr Christoph Messinger EnDev Program, GIZ Advisor [email protected]
From India:
Mr C V Krishna Centre for Renewable Energy &
Approproiate Technologies CREAT Executive Director [email protected]
Mr Keshav Goela Indian Biogas Association Principle Coordinator [email protected]
From Indonesia:
Mr Heru Tjahyono Ministry of Home Affairs Regional Development Directorate, [email protected]
Mr Zamhir Islamie Usman Ministry of Home Affairs Program Planner, Regional Development, [email protected]
Ms Dien Lukita
Purnamasari Bank Sariya Mandiri Department Head [email protected]
Mr Sundar Prasad Bajgain SNV Indonesia Renewable Energy Advisor [email protected]
40
Mr Robert de Groot Hivos Domestic Biogas Program Manager - BIRU [email protected]
Mr Iggi Haruman Achsien National Shariah Board Executive Committee member [email protected],
From Italy:
Mr Karan Sehgal Environment & Climate Division,
IFAD Renewable Technologies Officer [email protected]
From Japan:
Mr Pierre Flamand Japan Sanitation Consortium Manager, International Affairs [email protected]
Mr Ichiro Nakano Japan Sanitation Consortium Sanitation Expert [email protected]
From Laos:
Bastiaan Teune SNV Lao PDR Sector Leader, Renewable Energy [email protected]
From Nepal:
Mr Uttam Prasad Jha Ministry of Science, Technology &
Environment
National Advisor, Alternative Energy
Promotion Centre (AEPC) [email protected]
Mr Bala Ram Shrestha BSP-Nepal Executive Director [email protected]
Mr Bishnu Belbase Nepal Biogas Promotion
Association (NBPA) Executive Director [email protected]
Mr Suman Skakya One Planet Solution Pvt. Ltd. Managing Director [email protected]
Mr Saroj Rai SNV Nepal Renewable Energy Advisor [email protected]
From Netherlands:
Mr Job Runhaar Embassy of the Kingdom of the
Netherlands in Vietnam Representative
Mr Michel Farkas SNV Netherlands Managing Director, Global Support Service [email protected]
Mr Sanne Castro SimGas CEO [email protected]
From Pakistan:
Mr Khaleel Ahmed Tetlay Rural Support Programs Network
(RSPN) Chief Operating Officer [email protected]
Mr Muhammad Saleem
Ranjha
AKHUWAT Interest Free
Microfinance Director [email protected]
Mr Ijaz Munir Sahib Government of the Punjab Secretary, Agriculture [email protected]
From Philippines:
Mr Elmar Elbling ADB Energy Specialist [email protected]
From Singapore:
41
Mr Irfan L Pawennei Asia Carbon Holdings Pte Ltd Senior Manager, Project & Business
Development [email protected]
From Sweden:
Mr Fredrik Johansson FOV Fabrics Business Development Manager [email protected]
Mr Rolf Hellstrom Sustainable Business Malardalen Senior Consultant [email protected]
Mr Birger Horstrom WTM Environmental Solutions Managing Director [email protected]
From Thailand:
Mr Sanjeev Tamhane UNEP Program Officer [email protected]
Ms Janne Turtola Thai Biogas Energy Company Senior Indochina Region Advisor [email protected]
Dr Thammarat Koottatep Asian Institute of Technology Associate Professor, Environmental
Engineering and Management [email protected]
From Zimbabwe:
Mr Blessing Jonga Ministry of Energy and Power
Development Principal Energy Development Officer [email protected]
Ms Chandirekera
Mutubuki-Makuyana SNV Zimbabwe Renewable Energy Advisor [email protected]
From Vietnam:
Mr Tran Kim Long Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development
Head, International Cooperation
Department, [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Trong Hung DMHCC, MONRE Official, Division of GHG Emission Monitoring
and Low Carbon Economy [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Anh Minh Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development Head Bilateral International Cooperation, [email protected]
MSc Nguyen The Hinh
Agriculture Project Management
Board, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development
Vice Director General Cum Director of Low
Carbon Agriculture Support Project [email protected]
Ms Pham Thanh Huyen Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development Deputy Director, Finance [email protected]
Mr Hoang Kim Giao Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development
Advisor to the Minister, Director, National
Biogas Program [email protected]
Mr Miguel Mendez SNV Vietnam Country Director [email protected]
Mr John Block Vietnam Resident Mission, Water
Team, ADB
Team Leader / Water and Wastewater
Engineering Specialist [email protected]
Mr George Block Vietnam Resident Mission, Water
Team, ADB Graduate Engineer Intern [email protected]
42
Mr Pham Quang Tien Vietnam Resident Mission, Water
Team, ADB
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
Specialist [email protected]
Dr Hoang Vu Cuong Vietnam Resident Mission, Water
Team, ADB
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
Specialist [email protected]
Ms Le Thi Thoa Landell Mills Independent Consultant [email protected]
Ms Soojin Kim Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations FAO
Program Officer (UNV), Sustainable
Environment and Natural Resources
Management
Mr Tomas Hertzman SwedishCENTECVietnam Director [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Duc Vinh SwedishCENTECVietnam Program officer, Environment and Public
Sector [email protected]
Ms Le Thi Phuong Thao SwedishCENTECVietnam Secretary [email protected]
Ms Rosario 'Chato'
Calderon USAID Vietnam
Senior Climate Change Advisor, Environment
and Social Development Office [email protected]
Ms Veronica Lee USAID Vietnam Environmental Officer, Environment and
Social Development Office [email protected]
Mr Ywert Visser Intraco Business Development Manager [email protected]
Mr Rainer Wiedemann INHAND Bbac Ninh biogas pilot plant operator [email protected]
Mr Dan-Tâm Costa LaVieVuLinh Consulting Engineer [email protected]
Mr Werner Kossman GIZ Chief Technical Advisor, Renewable Energy [email protected]
Mr Phan Thanh Tung GIZ Project Officer, Renewable Energy [email protected]
Mr Bennet Barth GIZ Renewable Energy Support Project [email protected]
Ms Katja Trinks KfW Hanoi Deputy Director, Energy Sector [email protected]
Mr Remco Van
Stappershoef ETC
Consultant, Energy & Enterprise
Development [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Chung Kien Asia Carbon Holdings Pte Ltd Senior Execuctive, CDM/Climate Chane [email protected]
Mr Dang Quoc Viet World Vision WASH, Environment and Energy Coordinator [email protected]
Ms Le Thi Phuong Hong Hanoi School of Public Health
Ms Ho Thi Lan Huong Institute of Energy Researcher [email protected]
Mr Le Thi Thu Ha COOPBank Project officer [email protected]
Ms Vu Thi Mai Huong COOPBank Project officer [email protected]
Ms Tang Thi Hong Loan VBA-EPRO Director [email protected]
Mr Pham Duc Tho Kankyo Vietnam Deputy Director [email protected]
43
Mr Le Hung Quoc Vietnam Biogas Association Chairman, VBA [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Ngoc Thai Vietnam Biogas Association SC member, VBA [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Van Thai VBA-Van Son Com Deputy Director [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Tien Trung VBA-Hung Viet Com Sales manager [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Quang Khai Biogas Technology Centre Director [email protected]
Mr Bui Van Chinh VBA Independent Consultant [email protected]
Mr Ngo Duy Dong Moi Truong Xanh Company Director [email protected]
Mr Tran Van Dong Xanh company Director [email protected]
Ms Tran Tuyet Lan Quang Huy Company Officer [email protected]
Ms Tran Hai Anh Quang Huy Company Officer [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Hanh Hung Vuong Deputy Director [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Hong Son Vi Nong Director [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Thu Phuong Vi Nong Project officer [email protected]
Mr Tran Khac Tuyen Engineer VBA member [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Mong Cong CISDOMA Director [email protected]
Mr Huynh Viet Thanh Hoai Nam Hoai Bac Chairman, General Director [email protected]
Mr Lam Ngoc Hieu Hoai Nam Hoai Bac Deputy Director [email protected]
Mr Tran Van Son Ex-PMU Ex-director, PMU NA
Mr Tran Tuan Duong Institute of Energy Researcher [email protected]
Ms Dang Huong Giang Institute of Energy Researcher [email protected]
Ms Dinh Thi Minh Thai MACDI Director [email protected]
Ms Pham Thu Huong MACDI Project officer [email protected]
Ms Dang Thi Thanh Son National Institute of Veterinary
Research Hygiene Department Researcher [email protected]
Mr Ngo Thanh Than Ex-PMU Head of technical department [email protected]
Mr Tong Xuan Chinh Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development Deputy Director, DLP [email protected]
Mr Vu Pham Hai Dang AMDI Project officer [email protected]
Mr Dinh Quoc Viet North food
Mr Nguyen Thanh Hai JC company
Duong thi Thanh Xuan Thai Biogas Energy Company Advisor [email protected]
44
Ms Duong Thi Hai Yen TYM Deputy Head, Research & Communication [email protected]
Ms Nguyen Thi Quyen GIZ Translator [email protected]
Ms Bui Nguyet Anh GIZ Translator [email protected]
Ms Nguyen Thi To Uyen Vietnam Biogas Association Business Development Coordinator [email protected]
Ms Nguyen Thi Quyen Vietnam Biogas Association Administrative officer [email protected]
Ms Katrina Hergstrom Vietnam Biogas Association Organizational Development Advisor [email protected]
Ms Dagmar Zwebe SNV Vietnam Team Leader, Renewable Energy [email protected]
Mr Steven Von Eije SNV Vietnam Technical Advisor, EnDev Project [email protected]
Ms Nguyen Thi Minh
Nguyet Biogas PMU Coordinator [email protected]
Mr Le Anh Duc Biogas PMU Technical Advisor [email protected]
Mr Le Duy Son Biogas PMU Technical Advisor [email protected]
Ms Dang Thi Ngoc Huyen Biogas PMU Marketing & Promotions Officer [email protected]
Mr Nguyen Minh Hung SNV Vietnam Program Assistant [email protected]
Ms Nguyen Thi Thu Trang SNV Vietnam Program Assistant [email protected]
Ms Nguyen Dao Tuyet
Nga SNV Vietnam Communication Officer [email protected]
Mr Vo Anh Phuong SNV Vietnam Communication Officer Intern [email protected]
Mr Vu Ngoc Minh SNV Vietnam Program Assistant Intern
45
ANNEX 5 – Evaluation
EVALUATION RESULTS
ITEM POOR FAIR GOOD
VERY
GOOD
1 Arrival arrangements at the airport 1 3 18 31
2 Hotel rooms, facilities, service and catering 1 1 10 50
3 Organisation and facilitation of the Workshop 1 4 26 38
4 Content and structure of the Workshop Agenda 1 11 38 20
5 Plenary Session 1: Opening 0 6 27 26
6 Plenary Session 2: Vietnam Biogas Market Development
Ms Dagmar Zwebe (overview of the program) 0 2 32 33
Ms Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet (10 years of the Biogas
Program) 0 7 33 29
Ms Dagmar Zwebe (Opportunities and Challenges) 0 5 33 29
MSc Nguyen The Hinh (ADB support the VN Biogas
Sector) 0 9 37 20
Ms Ho Thi Lan Huong (Medium-Scale Biogas) 0 8 41 14
7 Parallel Session 1: Group discussion – Public-Private
Partnerships 1 11 31 20
8 Plenary Session 3: Country Group Reports 1 13 26 21
9 Field Visits on 27/11
KT1 Domestic Biogas installation 1 8 30 27
Medium Scale Brick biogas installation 0 10 27 27
Hung Vuong Composite Biogas Manufacturer 4 11 28 23
10 Plenary Session 4: Financial
Mr Nguyen Trong Hung (NAMA developments) 0 16 39 9
Mr Ingo Puhl (Impact Finance) - - - -
Mr Marco Huels (Results based Financing) 1 3 39 21
Ms Annyta Luo Qun (Carbon Markets) 0 10 34 20
11 Parallel Session 2: Special Interest Groups
Session 1: The role of Biogas Associations 0 7 36 11
Session 2: Micro-Scale Biogas Solutions. 1 7 39 15
Session 3: Innovations in domestic & productive scale
biogas 0 5 34 18
Session 4: The evolution of Microfinance initiatives 1 2 36 11
12 Plenary Session 5: Reporting and closing 0 6 29 17
13 How useful has this International Workshop been for you 0 7 39 30
POOR FAIR GOOD VERY
GOOD
46
Comments and suggestions about the Workshop.
14 Plenary Session 2: Vietnam biogas market development
Interesting to know about Vietnam biogas market with government support
Longwinded – could have been more succinct
Very good
Good overview of biogas sector in Vietnam – better if in-depth analysis of biogas market
Flipchart should be available to facilitate easier
Please include other countries also
Challenges and constraints in way forward were not clear
Include lessons learnt, challenges
Potential will develop more in future – need more support by technicians and
management
Good video – thank-you to Vietnam for leading and showing good example on B
Should be shorter
High potential but more effort needed to achieve that potential
All stakeholders must jointly plan to reach 25% penetration
Good session – gave elaborate picture of biogas in Vietnam
Could have explained more about what can be learnt from VN? Why already have an
independent market & not yet in Cambodia?
15 Parallel Session 1: Country group discussions
Needs more structuring and questions not applicable to all countries
Should give enough time to present each country group discussion
Very valuable
Could have been better structured – learning outcome not crystallised
Interactive and fruitful
Active discussion
Questions difficult but important to discuss by more focused group of strategy
developers
Make clear on purpose and how to follow up.
Involve more countries – Thailand, Myanmar
Invite more countries especially Africa and central Asia
Good but real conclusions lacking
Good – lots of information from different countries
Need tailor made questions for each country – general questions did not suit all
Good activity – need information in advance – divide by category not country
Some countries do not have coherent programs so discussion needs more focus
Very relevant
Difficult to have focused conversations as moderator spoke English and participants were
not fluent.
Limited with just country representatives so no new ideas/ dialogue. Technical experts
should help moderate discussion
Very interesting to learn from different sectors. More regional views
(NGO/private/government)
Very good – got to appreciate what different countries are doing in different contexts
Confuse Vietnam groups 1&2; not clear on Vietnam biogas position on phase out of
subsidies
Questions too broad and not enough time for discussion
Very useful but not easy to combine Ethiopia & Zambia as at different stages but
compromised and had useful discussion
Useful to provide explanation of market-oriented
Good disc
Should have been more country-specific – not general
No comparison of country lessons – how can we go to more market based – no learning
structurally
Invite other sectors with experience of phasing out subsidies; use more different
facilitation styles and more discussion not list/present
47
Core topic – how do we achieve more market focus was not answered
Why same questions for all countries? Led to too many groups with same ideas
Time too short for discussion. More focused questions to get to better conclusions
16 Plenary Session 3: Country group reports
Necessary but too long – different way of reporting?
Not that clear
Should share best practice & case study from successful country
More time to understand questions
Not so interesting as group discussion results were not great
Should be done in parallel session – display reports to whole group – long and redundant
Not clear conclusion
Reports too general
Overview presentation from each country on status of B would be worthwhile
Good report India
Time was very short
Should be more structured – short statements on questions
Good but more time for questions
Very good – got to appreciate what different countries are doing in different contexts
Controlling time for other countries while not for Vietnam
Excellent way to learn about other countries especially – good despite short time
Should have been more country-specific – not general
Why same questions for all countries? Led to too many groups with same comments.
Was really general – missing some concrete ideas instead of general ones
17 Field Visit
Huong Vuong composite of least interest
Should select small scale to visit also
Manufacturing composite plant toxic – should have been dropped.
Interesting but learning could have been more
See more of actual SNV outputs and more about bio slurry application
Interesting but difficult to identify who could answer questions
Company has big pollution & working environment problem and we should not support –
biogas is related to environment
Should be sustainable business – pollution +poor work conditions
Last year better
Very interesting & practical
OK but very simple
More site visiting close to workshop
Could be much better organised good but need more organisation in field to allow
systematic questions and answers
It would be good to see some innovation rather than domestic digester
No real medium scale
Choose better suppliers
Good to see sites good organisation
An eye-opener for sure!
Huong Vuong visit was disorganised – lack of proper program for visit – wasted time
Excellent
Include construction of plant
Demonstration on construction taking place would have been nice
Better if discussion on field visit was more organised
Better to enter field visit with structured explanation of market dynamics in Vietnam
Biogas
Very poor working conditions at Huong Vuong; med scale could have had better
introduction and understanding; did not understand small scale well
Highlight informative – selected appropriate examples to learn from
Good and informative
Long transport but interesting visit
48
Good but thought I would hear more of productive use of Biogas – waste to energy,
bioslurry etc
Could have been more briefing at each site
Too much travel time
Good opportunity for direct information
Good insight into situation in Vietnam and individual households
Not as productive as should have been – partly language barrier
Very interesting view
18 Plenary Session 4: Financial
Ingo should have been there
Good to learn about financial support for biogas sector
Carbon session interesting
Did not understand much and hope Dagmar’s support will continue to push biogas in
Asia
Interesting – not enough time for discussion; good to split into smaller groups
All biogas subsidy needed
Discussion time too short – should be after each presentation. Ask presenters to close
with A-Z of provocative statements to trigger discussion
Not relevant but found carbon markets presentation interesting – would like to know
more
Good & clear
Subsidy issue well discussed but no conclusion
Good – diverse perspectives shared
19 Parallel Session 2: Special interest
Biogas Association session did not have great outputs – presentations interesting for
start-up countries
Good but offer 2 not 4 and opportunity to switch between
Limited discussion time – better if 30 minutes more
Use of social media – this workshop could have been webcast
Would have liked to join 2 sessions
Good ideas especially diversifying biogas source beyond livestock to human waste
Quality biogas plant construction needed
Too focused on presentations – prefer workshop setup with presentation of each topic
then discussion, conclusions, recommendations
Good but need more time for questions
A bit disappointed with content of Medium Scale to electricity
Not so clear
Better if topics further selected to suit the themes
Biogas Associations session excellent
Interesting topics but presentations very short
Presentations only from existing biogas associations – could have had country without
one to learn from exp.
20 Plenary Session 5: Reporting and closing
Less interesting and interactive
Need a newsletter every month. Webcasting of all future events
Draw summary and way forward
Good reporting of parallel sessions
Too much repeating presentation content. Better to have 1 core conclusion per group
then discuss
Quick & to the point – Dagmar is easy going and makes atmosphere light and
accommodating
Well managed
More critical comments
More about environmental impact and challenges
21 Logistics, Hotel etc:
Fantastic organisation and interesting event. Very good
49
Hotel & food nice
Great hotel – not great neighbourhood
Thanks for driving into town
Room was too small and no desk for laptop working
Amazingly good excellent
Couldn’t have asked for more
22 Other comments or suggestions:
Is workshop carbon neutral
Congratulations on good job
Could be 5 day workshop
Organise no-meeting meetings, formally or informally
Bigger company and title on badges
Keep up the good work
Give hand-outs of presentations
Copy of all presentations must be delivered to participants
Schedule is very tight
Presentation must be completely hard copy
Need sight seeing
Diversify food for lunch
Facebook and LinkedIn group of a biogas workshop webinar every month
Please focus the theme and select presenters accordingly
Medium scale was not enough discussed
Content did not match with medium scale – not as much learning as expected.
No technical details for Domestic Scale, Medium Scale; no decisions from PPP; no debate
on phasing out subsidies & impact & no decisions
Nothing new
Dinner must be provided during workshop period
Very good and well organised
Need certificates of attendance
Presentations should be on CD or flash to avoid downloading problems
Need simple translation books for visitors
Other year next time all participants will be invited
A more critical approach to own work and addressing challenges would be more useful
Encourage private sector participation within biogas sector
Flags was a lovely touch
Lack of a way forward for future work
Thank you for inviting Ethiopia – great to learn about other countries experience.
Workshops should continue
Good work – see you next year
Almost no focus on environmental issues and problems caused by wrong
technology/maintenance so gas is discharged to environment, impact of slurry etc.
50
SNV is dedicated to a society where all people enjoy the freedom to pursue their own sustainable development. We contribute to this by strengthening the capacity of local organisations. SNV's presence in Asia started in 1980 in Nepal and has since expanded to Bhutan, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia,
with emerging programmes in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Indonesia. Our advisors are working hand-in-hand with local actors in some of the remotest and poorest corners of Asia to strengthen their capacity to effectively realise poverty reduction and good governance.
To ensure tangible impact, we offer services in:
Agricultural & Forest Products Renewable Energy Water, Sanitation & Hygiene and in our innovation area - REDD
Contact Information
SNV Netherlands Development Organisation Vietnam Office Address: 6th floor, Building B, La Thanh hotel 218 Doi Can street, Ba Dinh, Ha Noi, Vietnam Tel. 84 - 4 -8463 791, Fax. 84 - 4 -8463 794 Email: [email protected]
Website: www.snvworld.org