Internet of Things Applications

https://www.youtube.com/user/dastikop Ravindra Dastikop

http://dastikop.blogspot.in

IoT SESSIONS

Session 1 Web Architecture for an Internet of Things

Session 2Will IoT be Secure Enough?

Session 3 Applications of IoT

Session 4 Research Directions in IoT

Basics of IoT

Background

IoT Described

The main concept of IoT is the ability to

connect loosely defined smart objects and

enable them to interact with

• Other objects,

• the environment, or

• more complex and legacy computing

devices

Basics of IoT

Enabler

IoT: Building Blocks Sensors will be integrated in buildings,

vehicles, and common environments, carried

by people and attached to animals and will

communicate among them locally and

remotely in order to provide integrated

services.

An IOT enabled world• Smart objects will densely populate human life and

human environment, interacting both by providing ,

processing and delivering any sort of information or

command

• Objects in the environment will be able to tell us about

themselves, their state, or their surroundings and

can be used remotely

Value proposition: Why Go for IoT?

• Productivity and cost savings-

• IoT can save CAPEX, Labor and Energy.

• Verizon is saving more that 55 million kWh annually

across 24 data centers by deploying hundreds of

sensors and control points throughout the data

center, connected wirelessly

• The result is a reduction of 66 million pounds of

greenhouse gases per year

Basics of IoT

Examples

IoT in Action The wave of data on the network can be used

● to make lives easier ( think: turn on your heater

before u can get home)

● drive efficiency ( think: turn on your washing machine

when electricity usage and prices fall in the middle of

the night)

● help us anticipate things without a trip to a

specialist ( full-body health monitor or car engine

diagnosis)

IoT : Examples

• Mobile devices can adopt silent mode when entering a

meeting room if this is the request of the meeting

moderator

• Alert user and turn-off the radio before entering sensitive

medical areas or

• detect when user enters the car and connect to its sound

systems

• Wireless sensors could let people check where their pet is

real-time as well as control the temperature of each room

of their home while they are out

IoT : Examples• Emergency services could be remotely

and automatically altered

•if fire is detected in a building or

•if a patient’s medical parameters drop

beyond a critical threshold

Basics of IoT

Consequence

The Consequence The emergence of a network of

interconnected uniquely identifiable

objects and their virtual representation in

an Internet alike structure that is positioned

over a network of interconnected

computers allowing for the creation of a new

platform for economic growth.

IoT Paradigm ● The IoT brings about a paradigm

○ where everything is connected and will

redefine

■ the way humans and machines interface

and

■ the way they interact with the world

around them

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Applications of IoT

Session 3

AGENDA

● Internet of Things is a widely

useful concept.

● It finds use in industry, society,

institution and individual lives.

Applications of IoT

The Objectives

IoT : ObjectivesThe Major objectives for IoT are the

creation of

● Smart environment/spaces and

● self-aware things

Smart environments/spaces● smart transport, ● smart products, ● smart cities, ● Smart buildings, ● Smart rural areas, ● Smart energy, ● Smart health, ● smart living etc

Self-aware things

Self-aware things for

● climate,

● food,

● energy,

● mobility,

● digital society and

● health applications

Smart City: key Focus ● The Key Focus is make city smarter by

○ optimizing resources

○ feeding its inhabitants by urban farming

○ reducing traffic congestion

● providing more services to allow

○ for faster travel between home and various

destinations and

○ increasing accessibility for essential services

Smart City: key Focus ● Intelligent security systems will be implemented at

key junctions in the city

● various types of sensors will have to be used to make

this a reality

● sensors are moving from “ smart” to “intelligent”

● Biometric already integrated in the smart mobile

phones and is expected to be used together with CCTV

at highly sensitive locations around city

IoT: key Focus ● National identification cards ( Aadhaar) will

also become an essential tool for the

identification of an individual

● Smart cities in 2020 will require real time auto

identification security systems

Applications of IoT

Smart is New Green

Smart is the New Green ● Smart is the new Green and Green products and

services will be replaced by smart products and services

● Smart products will have a real business case, can

typically provide energy and efficiency savings of up to

30% , and generally deliver a two-to-three year return on

investments

● This trend will help deployment of Internet of Things

applications and the creation of smart environments

and spaces

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Three Categories of IoT Users

IoT Application Space

IoT Application Space● The IoT application space is very diverse and IoT

applications serve different users.

● Different users categories have different driving needs

● From IoT perspective there are three important user

categories

● The individual citizens

● Community of citizens ( citizens of a city, region,

country or society as a whole)

● the enterprise

The individual citizens- examples

● To increase their safety of safety of their family members- for

example - remotely controlled alarm systems or activity detection

for elderly people

● To make it possible to execute certain activities in a more

convenient manner- for example personal inventory reminder

● To generally improve lifestyle- for example monitoring health

parameters during a workout and obtaining expert’s advice

based on the findings or getting support during shopping

● To decrease the cost of living - building automation that will

reduce energy consumption and thus the overall cost

IoT- Enterprise as a user has different drivers

Enterprise users of IoT have different needs and different

drives that can potentially push the introduction of IoT-

based solutions

● Increased productivity

● Market differentiation

● Cost efficiency

IoT- Society as a user has different drivers

Society as a user is concerned with issues of importance

for the whole community, often related to medium to

longer term challenges

● To ensure public safety

● To protect the environment

● To create new jobs and ensure existing are

sustainable

Applications of IoT

IoT Levels

IoT at City Level At the City level, the integration of technology

and quicker data analysis will lead to a more

coordinated and effective civil response to

security and safety ( law enforcement and blue

light services) ;

higher demand for outsourcing security

capabilities

IoT at the Building Level At the Building level, security technology will

be integrated into systems and deliver a

return on investment to the end-user through

leveraging the technology in multiple

applications (HR and time and attendance,

customer behavior in retail application etc

IoT at the Smart vehicle Level

● There will be increase in the development of

“Smart” vehicles that have low (and

possibly zero) emissions.

● They will also be connected to

infrastructure

● Auto manufacturers will adopt more use of

“ Smart” materials

Fleet Management ● Fleet Management is used track vehicle

location, hard stops, rapid acceleration, and

sudden turns using sophisticated analysis of the

data in order to implement new policies that will

result in cost saving for business

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IoT Application Areas Potential applications of the IoT are

numerous and diverse, permeating into

practically all levels of every-day life of

individuals, enterprises, and society as a whole

Specific Applications

Better energy efficiencyThings like smart thermostats (https://store.nest.com/)

could adjust our energy usage based on load factors and

environment conditions.

● For instance, if your thermostat knows that the

temperature is going to drop in the next 3 hours (by

connecting to weather.com), it might bring down the

AC output.

● If your water sprinkler knows that it is going to rain

today, it might avoid sprinkling.

Better disaster management:

1. A group of intelligent robots autonomously

working to clear a disaster site.

2. Imagine a range of autonomous entities -

land robots, drones, sensors and satellites

all collaboratively working to save people as

soon as an Earthquake or a hurricane is

about to land.

Better understanding of the nature:

Animals could be tagged in the wild and we

would have an even better understanding of

how various natural ecosystems work.

Aerospace and Aviation Industry

● IoT can help to improve safety and security of

products and services by reliably identifying

counterfeit products and elements

● The aviation industry is vulnerable to the problem of

suspected unapproved parts ( SUP)

● Using RFID attached to these parts, this problem can

be solved

Automotive Industry

● Advanced cars , trains, buses as well as bicycles

are becoming equipped with advanced

sensors, actuators with increased processing

powers

● Applications include smart things to monitor

and reports various parameters from

pressure in tyre to proximity of other

vehicles

Telecommunication industry IoT will create the possibility of merging of diverse

telecommunication technologies and create new services. An

illustrative example is the use of GSM, NFC (Near Field

Communication), low power Bluetooth, WLAN, multi-hop networks,

GPS and sensor networks together with SIM-card technology.

In these types of applications the reader (i.e. tag) is a part of the

mobile phone, and different applications share the SIM-card. NFC

enables communications among objects in a simple and secure way

just by having them close to each other. The mobile phone can

therefore be used as a NFC-reader and transmit the read data to a

central server

Medical and Health care● IoT will have many applications in the healthcare sector, with the

possibility of using the cell phone with RFID-sensor capabilities

as a platform for monitoring of medical parameters and drug

delivery.

● The advantage gained is in prevention and easy monitoring of

diseases, ad hoc diagnosis and providing prompt medical

attention in cases of accidents.

● Implantable and addressable wireless devices can be used to

store health records that can save a patient’s life in emergency

situations, especially for people with diabetes, cancer, coronary

Independent LivingIoT applications and services will have an important impact on

independent living by providing support for an aging population by

detecting the activities of daily living using wearable and ambient

sensors,

● monitoring social interactions using wearable and ambient sensors,

● monitoring chronic disease using wearable vital signs sensors, and in body

sensors.

● With emergence of pattern detection and machine learning algorithms, the

things in a patient’s environment would be able to watch out and care for the

patient.

● Things can learn regular routines and raise alerts or send out notifications in

anomaly situations.

Pharmaceutical industry ● For pharmaceutical products, security and safety is of utmost

importance. In IoT paradigm, attaching smart labels to drugs,

tracking them through the supply chain and monitoring their

status with sensors has many potential benefits.

● For example, items requiring specific storage conditions, e.g.

maintenance of a cool chain, can be continuously monitored and

discarded if conditions were violated during transport.

● Drug tracking and e-pedigrees allow for the detection of

counterfeit products and keep the supply chain free of

fraudsters.

Retail, logistics and Supply chain management

● IoT can provide several advantages in retail and supply chain

management (SCM) operations.

● For example, with RFID-equipped items and smart shelves that

track the present items in real time, a retailer can optimize

many applications .

● For example, he can make automatic checking of goods receipt,

real time monitoring of stocks, tracking out-of-stocks or the

detection of shoplifting. IoT can provide a large savings potential

in a retail store, since it has been found that 3.9% of sales loss

happens worldwide when shelves go empty and customers return

without getting the desired products

Manufacturing industry ● By linking items with information technology, either through embedded

smart devices or through the use of unique identifiers and data

carriers that can interact with an intelligent supporting network

infrastructure and information systems, production processes can be

optimized and the entire lifecycle of objects, from production to

disposal can be monitored.

● By tagging items and containers, greater transparency can be gained

about the status of the shop floor, the location and disposition of

lots, and the status of production machines. The fine grained

information serves as input data for refined production schedules and

improved logistics. Self-organizing and intelligent manufacturing

solutions can be designed around identifiable items.

Process industry ● In many plants of the oil and gas industry, scalable

architectures are being used that consider possibilities

for plug-and-play new ID methods combined with

sensing/actuating integrated with the IoT

infrastructure and integrate the wireless monitoring

of petroleum personnel in critical onshore and

offshore operations, container tracking, tracking of

drill string components pipes, monitoring and

managing of fixed equipment etc.

Process industry ● A review of high-impact accidents in the chemical and

petrochemical sectors in the UK has observed some

common features in these disasters, such as lack of

understanding as well as poor management of

storage, process, and chemical segregation.

● IoT can help in reducing the number of accidents in

the oil and gas industry by equipping the containers of

hazardous chemicals with intelligent wireless sensor

nodes.

Environment monitoring

● Utilization of wireless identifiable devices and

other IoT technologies in green applications

and environmental conservation are one of the

most promising market segments in the future.

● There will be an increased usage of wireless

identifiable devices in environmentally

friendly programs worldwide

Transportation Industry

● IoT offers solutions for fare collection and

toll systems, screening of passengers and

bags boarding commercial carriers and the

goods moved by the international cargo system

that support the security policies of the

governments and the transportation industry,

to meet the increasing demand for security in

the globe.

Transportation Industry ● Monitoring traffic jams through cell phones of the users and

deployment of intelligent transport systems (ITS) will make the

transportation of goods and people more efficient.

● Transportation companies would become more efficient in packing

containers since the containers can self- scan and weigh

themselves.

● Use of IoT technologies for managing passenger luggage in airports

and airline operations will enable automated tracking and sorting,

increased per-bag read rates, and increased security.

Agricultural and Breeding● The regulations for traceability of agricultural animals and their

movements require the use of technologies like IoT, making possible the

real time detection of animals, for example during outbreaks of

contagious disease.

● Moreover, in many cases, countries give subsidies depending on the

number of animals in a herd and other requirements, to farms with

cattle, sheep, and goats.

● As the determination of the number is difficult, there is always the

possibility of frauds.

● Good identification systems can help minimize this fraud.

● Therefore, with the application of identification systems, animal

diseases can be controlled, surveyed, and prevented.

Agricultural and Breeding● Official identification of animals in national, intra community, and international

commerce is already in place, while at the same time, identification of livestock

that are vaccinated or tested under official disease control or eradication

is also possible.

● Blood and tissue specimens can be accurately identified, and the health status

of herds, regions, and countries can be certified by using IoT.

● With the Internet of Things, single farmers may be able to deliver the crops

directly to the consumers not only in a small region like in direct marketing or

shops but in a wider area.

● This will change the whole supply chain which is mainly in the hand of large

companies, now, but can change to a more direct, shorter chain between

producers and consumers

Media , entertainment industry● Deployment of IoT technologies will enable ad hoc news

gathering based on locations of the users.

● The news gathering could happen by querying IoT, to see which

multi-media-capable devices are present at a certain location,

and sending them a (financial) offer to collect multimedia

footage about a certain event.

● Near field communication tags can be attached to posters

for providing more information by connecting the reader to an

URI address that contains detailed information related to the

poster.

Insurance Industry ● Often the introduction of IoT technology is perceived as a

grave invasion on privacy of individuals.

● However, sometimes people are willing to trade privacy for

a better service or a monetary benefit.

● One example is car insurance. If insurance clients are willing

to accept electronic recorders in their car, which are able

to record acceleration, speed, and other parameters, and

communicate this information to their insurer, they are

likely to get a cheaper rate or premium

Insurance Industry ● The insurer can save money by being involved in a very early

stage of an impending accident and can trigger the most

economic actions.

● A part of the savings can be given to the customers through

discounts on insurance premiums.

● The same applies for other assets such as buildings,

machinery, etc., that are equipped with IoT technology.

● In these cases the technology mostly helps in preventing large-

scale maintenance operations or allows for much cheaper

predictive maintenance before an incident occurs.

Recycling ● IoT and wireless technologies can be used to advance the

efficiency and effectiveness of numerous important city and

national environmental programs, including the monitoring

of vehicle emissions to help supervise air quality, the

collection of recyclable materials, the reuse of packaging

resources and electronic parts, and the disposal of

electronic waste (RFID used to identify electronic

subcomponents of PCs, mobile phones, and other

consumer electronics products to increase the reuse of

these parts and reduce e-waste).

Recycling

● RFID continues to provide greater visibility

into the supply chain by helping companies

more efficiently track and manage

inventories, thereby reducing unnecessary

transportation requirements and fuel

usage.

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IoT Application Areas Experts have identified and described the main Internet of

Things applications, that span numerous application

domains:

● smart energy

● smart health

● smart building

● smart transport,

● smart industry

● smart city

1.Smart Food/Water

Monitoring

Smart Food/Water Monitoring

● Water Quality

● Water Leakage

● River floods

● Water management

● Supply Chain Management

● Wine Quality Enhancement

● Green House

● Golf Courses

● In-field Monitoring

2.Smart Health

Smart Health● Fall detection

● Physical activity monitoring for Aging People

● Medical Fridges

● Sportsmen Care

● Patients surveillance

● Chronic Disease Management

● Ultraviolet Radiation

● Hygienic hand control

● sleep control

● Dental Health

3.Smart Living

Smart Living ● Intelligent Shopping Applications

● Energy and water Use

● Remote Control Applications

● Weather station

● smart Home Appliances

● Gas Monitoring

● Safety monitoring

● Smart Jewellery

Smart Environmental Monitoring

Smart Environmental Monitoring

● Forest Fire Detection

● Air Pollution

● Landslide and Avalanche Prevention

● Earthquake early Detection

● Protecting wildlife

● meteorological station network

● marine and coastal surveillance

4.Smart Manufacturing

Smart Manufacturing ● Smart product management

● Compost

● offspring care

● Animal Tracking

● Toxic gas Leaking

● production Line

● Telework

5. Smart Energy

Smart Energy● Smart Grid

● photovoltaic installations

● wind turbines

● water flow

● radiation Levels

● Power supply controllers

6.Smart Building

Smart Building● Perimeter access Control

● Liquid presence

● Indoor climate control

● Intelligent Thermostat

● Intelligent Fire Alarm

● Intrusion detection systems

● Motion detection

● Arts and Goods Preservation

● Residential Irrigation

7.Smart Transport and

Mobility

Smart Transport and Mobility

● NFC payment

● Quality of shipment conditions

● Item Location

● Storage Incompatibility Detection

● Fleet Tracking

● Electric Vehicle Charging stations Reservations

● Vehicle Auto-diagnosis

● Management of cars

● Road Pricing

● Connected Militarized Defence

8. Smart Industry

Smart Industry

● Tank Level

● Silos stock calculation

● explosive and hazardous gases

● M2M Applications

● maintenance and repair

● Indoor Air Quality

● Temperature monitoring

● Ozone presence

● Indoor location

● Aquaculture industry monitoring

9. Smart City

Smart City ● Smart Parking: Real-time

● Structural Health

● Noise Urban Maps

● Traffic Congestion

● Smart Lighting

● Waste management

● Intelligent Transportation Systems

● Safe City

● Connected Learning

● Smart Irrigation of public spaces

10.Smart Tourism

Smart Tourism

● Smartphone Apps supported by QR codes and NFC tags

providing interesting and useful tourist information

throughout the city

● This information include museums, art galleries,

libraries, touristic attractions, tourism offices.

monuments, shops, buses, taxis, garden , etc

10. Smart -X Applications ● Smart Cities

● Smart Energy and the Smart Grid

Conclusions ● IoT is a new tool that has potential to be

applied in many ways in many fields

● This opens a new opportunity for innovators

and researchers

Research Directions

Session 4

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