IntersystemVerticalhandoverSwitchingTimeanalysisin

heterogeneouswirelessnetworks

Grebeshkov Alexander1,Gaidamaka Yulija2,Vikhrova Olga2,Zaripova Elvira2

1Povolzhskiy StateUniversityofTelecommunicationsandInformatics,2RUDNUniversity,

zaripova_er@rudn.university

Projectgroup

DepartmentofAutomaticTelecommunication

Povolzhskiy StateUniversityofTelecommunicationsandInformatics

AppliedProbabilityandInformaticsDepartment

RUDNUniversity

ThereportedstudywasfinanciallysupportedbytheMinistryofEducationandScienceoftheRussianFederation(theAgreementnumber02.a03.21.0008).

Outline

• Heterogeneousnetworks(HetNet)

• WLAN-LTEVHOProcedureDesign

• MathematicalModellingofVHOProcedure

• Numericalanalysis

• Furtherresearch

Focus:HeterogeneityandHeterogeneousNetworks

• Heterogeneity covers different functional level of future networks : mobility

support, seamless connection/roaming, security and packet routing.

• Ubiquity of HetNet is an integration and cooperation between different radio

access networks or network elements.

• User-centric policy is more preferable than Network-centric policy in the context of

HetNet and Internet of Thing.

HeterogeneousNetworkSlices:InternetofThingsCanAccessAllInfrastructureResources

WithMulti-ModeTerminal“…networkslicesasend-to-end(E2E)logicalnetworksrunningonacommonunderlying(physicalorvirtual)network,

mutuallyisolated,withindependentcontrolandmanagement,whichcanbecreatedondemand…”Ordonez-Lucune,J.etal.,IEEEComm.Mag.,May,2017,p.81.

HeterogeneousNetworksandHandoverTypes

WLAN eNB 1 LTE

eNB 2 LTE

Vertical Handover

Horizontal Handover

Horizontalhandover– homogeneousnetwork;

Verticalhandover- heterogeneousnetwork;

Theaimofourresearch:

1) FullVHOprocedurewithauthorization,authentication,

re-connectionandde-registration.

2) SojournVHOtimeestimation.

VerticalHandover(VHO)andHorizontalHandover(HHO)

Fig.1.ArchitectureforWLAN– LTEVHO

Common-UseVHOSignalingExchangeModel

• Connection means physical connection

• Care of IP address means IP seamless (IP in

current network = IP in target network)

• Without care of Address means IP non-

seamless (new IP-address in target network)

User Equipment

(Mobile Device)

(3) Authorization and Authentication Requests and Responces for VHO

(4) Connection and Bearer Initialization

Access Network Discovery Support

Functions and Spectrum Manager

(State III) Attachment to the Target Network

(5.2) IP-session Establishment at the Target Network

(State IV) Traffic flow Transfer at the Target Network

Current Network Gateways and Nodes

Authorization and

Authentication Servers

...

Target Network Gateways and

Nodes

(5.3) Resourse Release (with care of IP address)

(State V) VHO completion

(5.1) Resourse Release (without care of IP address)

(1) UE or Network initiated Request about VHO

(State II) VHO Decision Making

(2) Information about Target Network Responce

(State I) Session in the Current Network

BackgroundandRelatedWorks:VHOarchitecture,principlesandscenarios

3GPP,IEEE&IETFdocuments

1. 3GPPTS23.402– Architectureenhancementsfornon-3GPPaccesses.Release14.March.2017.

2. 3GPPTS23.002– Networkarchitecture.Release14.Sep.2016.

3. 3GPPTS33.222– GenericAuthenticationArchitecture;Accesstonetworkapplicationfunctionsusing

HypertextTransferProtocoloverTransportLayerSecurity.Release13.Jan.2016.

4. IEEEStd 802.21– IEEEStandardforLocalandmetropolitanareanetworks.MediaIndependentHandover

Services.Nov.2008.

5. IETFRFC4555– MobilityandMultihoming Protocol(MOBIKE).Jun.2006.

6. IETFRFC4793– TheEAPProtectedOne-TimePasswordProtocol(EAP-POTP).Feb.2007.

7. IETFRFC5555– MobileIPv6SupportforDualStackHostsandRouters.Jun.2009

8. IETFRFC5996– InternetKeyExchangeProtocolVersion2(IKEv2).TheIETFTrust.Sep.2010

9. IETFRFC6611– MobileIPv6(MIPv6)BootstrappingfortheIntegratedScenario.Sep.2012

BackgroundandRelatedWorks:architecture,principlesandscenarios

VHOarchitecture,principlesandscenarios

10. Xenakis D.,PassasN.,Merakos L.,Verikoukis C.“ANDSF-AssistedVerticalHandoverDecisionsintheIEEE802.11/LTE-AdvancedNetwork.”ComputerNetworks,Vol.106(Sep2016),91–108.

11. Triantafyllopoulou D.,Guo T.,Moessner K.“EnergyEfficientANDSF-assistedNetworkDiscoveryfornon-3GPPAccessNetworks”.InProceedingsofthe2012IEEE17thInternationalWorkshoponComputerAidedModelingandDesignofCommunicationLinksandNetworks(Sep.17-192012).IEEEPp.297-301.

12. Boccardi F.,HeathR.W.,LozanoA.;MarzettaT.L.,Popovski P.“FiveDisruptiveTechnologyDirectionsfor5G.”IEEECommunicationsMagazine,Vol.52(Feb2014),74-80.

13. Gast M.S.802.11WirelessNetworksTheDefinitiveGuide.O’Reilly,Sebastopol,CA.2005.

VHOestimationdata

14. Nikaein N.,Krco S.2011.“LatencyforReal-TimeMachine-to-MachineCommunicationinLTE-BasedSystemArchitecture”.Proceedingsofthe201117thEuropeanWirelessConf.(Apr.2011).IEEE,Pp.1-6.

15. Granlund D.,Holmlund P.,Åhlund C.“OpportunisticMobilitySupportforResourceConstrainedSensorDevicesinSmartCities.”Sensors,Vol.15(Mar.2015),Pp.5112-5135.

16. Cardona,N.,MonserratJ.F.,Cabrejas J.“EnablingTechnologiesfor3GPPLTE-AdvancedNetworks”.InLTE-AdvancedandNextGenerationWirelessNetworks2013.Pp.3-34.

WLAN-LTEVHOproceduredesign

Tasks:

1. ComplicatedVHOprocedureasasequenceofsignalingmessages.

2. VerticalhandovertimeestimationmethodforVHOprocedure.

3. NumericalanalysisforVHO.

Fig.2.ArchitectureforWLAN– LTEVHO

WLAN-LTEVHOproceduredesign.PhaseAandB

UE ANDSF(1)Client Hello message

TLS IPSec tunnel

(5)Access Network Info Request

(6)Access Network Info Response

Network Discovery Decision

(2)Server KeyExchange message

(3)Client KeyExchangemessage

(4)Change CipherSuiteFinished message

UE ePDG

IP Sec / DSIMPv6 bootstrapping throw S2c

(7) UE Initial Attach

(10) IP address HA

(23)IKE_AUTH_Response

UE discovers 3GPP access and initiaties VHO

P-GW HSS/AAA

(8) P-GW ID Request(9) IP address P-GW [Home agent]

(11) IKE_SA_INIT(12) IKE_SA_INIT

(13) IKE_Auth_Request (14) Auth_Request(15) EAP Request/

AKA Challenge(16) IKE Auth Response

(17) IKE_Auth_Request (18) EAP-Response/AKA Challenge

(19)Authentication Answer/EAP success(20) IKE_AUTH_Response

(21) IKE_AUTH_Request

(22) IKE_AUTH_Response

Phase A Phase B Fig.3.WLAN– LTEVHOProcedure

WLAN-LTEVHOproceduredesign.PhaseC

UE E-UTRAN MME S-GW P-GW hPCRF

Radio and Access Bearer

UE sends and recevies data via 3GPP (LTE) access

(28)Create Session Request

(30) Initiated IP session

(32)Create Session

Response]

(33)Create Session

Response

(34)Modify Bearer

Request

(29)Create Session Request

(31) Create Session

Response

(35)Modify Bearer

Request(36) Modify

Bearer Response

(37) Modify Bearer

Response

(24) RRC Attach Request

(25) RRC Connection Setup

(26) RRC Connection Setup Complete

(39) Binding Update (BU) message(40) Binding Acknowledgement message

Packets forwarded to the UE without tunnelling

(27) Attach Request

(38) Binding Revocation Indication

Phase С

Fig.4:WLAN– LTEVHOProcedure

9 functionalentitiesI- UE

II- ANDSF

III- ePDG

IV- eNB

V- MME

VI- S-GW

VII- P-GW

VIII- hPCRF

IX- HSS/AAA

and40signalingmessages

VHOProcedureincludes

MathematicalmodellingofVHOprocedureApproximatemethodforsojourntimequantileestimationinmultistagequeueingsystemwithbackgroundtraffic

UE ANDSF(1)Client Hello message

TLS IPSec tunnel

(5)Access Network Info Request

(6)Access Network Info Response

Network Discovery Decision

(2)Server KeyExchange message

(3)Client KeyExchangemessage

(4)Change CipherSuiteFinished message

UE ePDG

IP Sec / DSIMPv6 bootstrapping throw S2c

(7) UE Initial Attach

(10) IP address HA

(23)IKE_AUTH_Response

UE discovers 3GPP access and initiaties VHO

P-GW HSS/AAA

(8) P-GW ID Request(9) IP address P-GW [Home agent]

(11) IKE_SA_INIT(12) IKE_SA_INIT

(13) IKE_Auth_Request (14) Auth_Request(15) EAP Request/

AKA Challenge(16) IKE Auth Response

(17) IKE_Auth_Request (18) EAP-Response/AKA Challenge

(19)Authentication Answer/EAP success(20) IKE_AUTH_Response

(21) IKE_AUTH_Request

(22) IKE_AUTH_Response

UE E-UTRAN MME S-GW P-GW hPCRF

Radio and Access Bearer

UE sends and recevies data via 3GPP (LTE) access

(28)Create Session Request

(30) Initiated IP session

(32)Create Session

Response]

(33)Create Session

Response

(34)Modify Bearer

Request

(29)Create Session Request

(31) Create Session

Response

(35)Modify Bearer

Request(36) Modify

Bearer Response

(37) Modify Bearer

Response

(24) RRC Attach Request

(25) RRC Connection Setup

(26) RRC Connection Setup Complete

(39) Binding Update (BU) message(40) Binding Acknowledgement message

Packets forwarded to the UE without tunnelling

(27) Attach Request

(38) Binding Revocation Indication

Kl

Kl

0l0l0l0l

1l

1l 2l

2l

Foreground traffic Background traffic

...

0

0

39. mean service time of the foreground customers, mean service time of the background customers,arrival rate of the foreground customers,arrival rate of the background customers,

k

k

k

k k

Kbd

b

llr l

=----=

( )( )( )

(2) (2)0 02

2(1) (1)0

load of intensity,Coefficient of variation of the waiting time:

1, 1, . (1)

k k

k k k kk

k k k

d

b dC k K

b d

l

l l l l

l l

+ -

+ += - =

+

Approximatemethodforsojourntimequantileestimationinmultistagequeueingsystemwithbackgroundtraffic

( )( )( )

( )

2 2

0

1

Sojourn waiting time at stage:

1 , 1,..., . (2)

2 1Sojourn VHO time:

= .

k kk

k k

K

k kk

k

Ck K

b

rw

l l r

w=

-

+= =

+ -

D +å

( )1

(3)

Quantile level of a VHO time:

ln , (4)

where is the unique pos

Kk k

kk k

Q q b

q

y y

y

y

g wg=

æ ö» + +ç ÷

è øå

( )1

itive root of equation

1 . (5)!

k

kK

kq

k

qe

ky yg g

y -

=

- =å

NumericalExperiment.AverageServiceTime

Nodes Averageservicetime,ms Ref.I-UE 77.5for(24)

28.5for(26)2forothersteps

(NikaemandKrco,2011)

II-ANDSF 70 (estimatedasHSS/AAA)III-ePDG 2 (estimatedas

P-GW)IV-eNB 4 (Cardona,etal.,2013)

V-MME 15for(27)

1forothersteps(Cardona,etal.,2013)

(Prados-Garzonet.al,2015)VI-S-GW 2 (NikaemandKrco,2011)VII-P-GW 2 (NikaemandKrco,2011)VIII-hPCRF 70 (estimationasHSS/AAA)IX-HSS/AAA 70 (Granlundet.al.,2015)

NumericalExample.ApproximatemethodforVHOtimequantileestimationinmultistagequeueingsystemwith

backgroundtraffic

Sojourn VHO time 95% quantile

0 0 0) ; ) 10 ; ) 100 ;k k ka b cl l l l l l= = =

Fig.5.VHOtimeestimation

NumericalExample.Approximatemethodforsojourntimequantileestimationinmultistagequeueing

systemwithbackgroundtraffic

Интенсивность запросов на вертикальный хэндовер, [1/c]

Среднее

время

переключения,

[c]

0 50 100 150 2000,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,1

1,0

(a) d_k = 10(b) d_k = 20(c) d_k = 50

Интенсивность запросов на вертикальный хэндовер, [1/c]

95%

Квантиль,

[c]

0 50 100 150 2000,8

0,9

1,0

1,1

1,2(a) d_k = 10(b) d_k = 20(c) d_k = 50

Sojourn VHO time 95% quantile

(a) 10kd = ; (b) 20kd = ; (c) 50kd = .

Fig.6.VHOtimeestimation

ConclusionandFurtherresearch:

1. Wedevelopedamathematicalmodelforverticalhandoverestimationasaqueueingnetwork.

2. WerecommendapproximatemethodforsojournVHOtimeanditsquantileestimationusing

multistagequeueingnetworkmodelwithbackgroundtraffic.

3. Thismethodofsojourntimequantileestimationinmultistagequeueingsystemhasfollowing

advantages:

• possibilityofsojourntimecumulativedistributionfunctioncalculation,

• methodofsojourntimequantileestimation,

• accuracyofestimationascomparedwiththesimulationmodel(<7%).

4. TheaimofourfurtherresearchistheschemeofaVHOfromaLTEnetworktoWLANwillbediscussed.