intestate succession
DESCRIPTION
Intestate Succession. When does intestacy occur?. 1. As to person – total intestacy. When does intestacy occur?. 1. As to person – total intestacy 2. As to property – partial intestacy. Protection of Surviving Spouse at Common Law. Problem at common law = spouse not an heir. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Intestate Succession
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When does intestacy occur?1. As to person – total intestacy
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When does intestacy occur?1. As to person – total intestacy
2. As to property – partial intestacy
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Protection of Surviving Spouseat Common Law
Problem at common law = spouse not an heir
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Protection of Surviving Spouseat Common Law
1. Dower for Widow
Life estate in 1/3 of the real property husband owned at death or anytime during the marriage.
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Protection of Surviving Spouseat Common Law
2. Curtesy for Widower
Life estate in all wife’s real property if, and only if, at least one child was born to the marriage.
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Protection of Surviving Spouseat Modern Law
1. Spouse made an heir -- § 3(o)
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Protection of Surviving Spouseat Modern Law
2. Common Law Marital Property States -- Spouse’s right to a forced (elective) share
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Protection of Surviving Spouseat Modern Law
3. Community Property States – Spouse’s ownership of ½ of the community property
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Intestate Succession -- Texas Starting point = Was intestate married
at time of death?
If no, follow “individual” property scheme.
If yes, follow “community” and “separate” property schemes.
[Warning: If intestate died before 9/1/1993, rules are different.]
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Married IntestateCommunity Property -- § 451. No surviving descendants
SS inherits all of DS’s community [SS ends up owning all community property].
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Married IntestateCommunity Property2. At least one surviving
descendant
Only marital descendants = SS inherits all of DS’s community property (SS ends up owning all community property).
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Married IntestateCommunity Property2. At least one surviving
descendant
Only marital descendants = SS inherits all of DS’s community (SS ends up owning all community property).
At least one non-marital descendant = DS’s descendants inherit DS’s community (SS inherits none of the community; SS still has his/her ½).
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Married IntestateSeparate Property -- § 38(b)1. At least one surviving
descendant
Personal Property =
▪ Surviving Spouse = 1/3
▪ Descendants = 2/3
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Married IntestateSeparate Property1. At least one surviving
descendant
Real Property =
▪ Surviving Spouse = Life estate in 1/3
▪ Descendants = 2/3 (outright) plus remainder of SS’s life estate.
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Married IntestateSeparate Property2. No surviving descendants
Personal Property =
▪ Surviving Spouse = 100%
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Married IntestateSeparate Property2. No surviving descendants
Real Property =
▪ Surviving Spouse = ½
▪ Parents, siblings, and their descendants = ½ using the individual property scheme.
▪ Note: If no parents or their descendants, then all to SS.
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Intestate SuccessionIndividual Property -- § 38(a)1. Descendants
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Intestate SuccessionIndividual Property1. Descendants2. Parents
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Intestate SuccessionIndividual Property1. Descendants2. Parents3. If one parent predeceased, ½
to surviving parent and ½ to siblings and their descendants. [If none, all to surviving parent.]
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Intestate SuccessionIndividual Property1. Descendants2. Parents3. If one parent predeceased, ½
to surviving parent and ½ to siblings and their descendants. [If none, all to surviving parent.]
4. If both parents predeceased, all to siblings and their descendants.
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Intestate SuccessionIndividual Property 1. Descendants 2. Parents 3. If one parent predeceased, ½ to
surviving parent and ½ to siblings and their descendants. [If none, all to surviving parent.]
4. If both parents predeceased, all to siblings and their descendants.
5. Grandparents and their descendants, etc., etc., etc.
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Distribution Methods
When there are heirs from more than one generation, you must determine how the state allocates among the different generations.
Three approaches.
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1. Per Stirpes
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2. Per Capita with Representation
§ 43
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3. Per Capita at Each Generation
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Problem 1, Page 4
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Problem 2, Page 4
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Problem 3a, Page 5
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Problem 3b, Page 5
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Problem 3c, Page 5
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Problem 3d-1, Page 5
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Problem 3d-2, Page 5
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Problem 3d-3, Page 5
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Problem 4, Page 5
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Problem 5, Page 5
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Ancestral Property -- § 39Common law doctrine abolished.
All of intestate’s property treated as if he/she was the original purchaser.
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What if one side of family has “died out”?State v. Estate of Loomis – p. 6
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How does inheritance pass if an intermediary predeceases?Powers v. Morrison – p. 9