intro to non-coding rna - gene regulation in complex human
TRANSCRIPT
Intro to non-coding RNA
Carmit Levy
I-CORE workshop "Exploring the non-coding RNAs: lncRNA, microRNA, eRNA and circular RNA“
March, 2015
Non Coding RNA:
Housekeeping noncoding RNAs (usually expressed constitutively) • Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • Splicing • small nuclear RNAs Regulatory noncoding RNAs Short • microRNAs • small interfering RNAs • Piwi-associated RNAs Long >200bp • lncRNAs
P-bodies
Mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation
Direct Indirect
Giovanni, Nature 2008
AGO
P-bodies localization Short interfering RNAs trigger
histone silencing marks Mariano current biology 2010
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Types of Regulation:
3. Gene regulated by microRNA
2. Post transcriptionally
1. Transcriptionally
An example: the study of microRNA
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4. microRNA genomic location
intronic
intergenic
Intronic miR-211 Assumes the Tumor Suppressive Function of Its Host Gene in Melanoma
Levy and Khaled Mol Cell 2011
Methods in miRNA studying
• Real time PCR • In situ hybridization • Small RNA seq • Computational – predicted target
Non Coding RNA:
Housekeeping noncoding RNAs (usually expressed constitutively) • Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • Splicing • small nuclear RNAs Regulatory noncoding RNAs Short • microRNAs • small interfering RNAs • Piwi-associated RNAs Long >200bp • lncRNAs
lncRNA • 200nt< lncRNA
• may be located within nuclear or cytosolic fractions, may or may not be polyadenylated
• Can be transcribe as:
(1) sense(2) antisense (3) bidirectional (4) or (5)
intergenic
• Database providing expression and information on mammalian lncRNA - Dinger et al., 2009
• Evolutionary studies initiated (2004, 2006)
• First evidance for lncRNA gene that is critical for the X-chromosome inactivation in mammals. 2008